GRAMMAR REVIEW 2: PAST TENSES

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

(+) Subj + had + V (Past Participle) + Compl.

Past Participle - REGULAR: V –ed
- IRREGULAR: 3rd column (Sb, pg 133)
She had visited the castle.
We had heard that story before.
FORM
(-) Subj + hadn’t + V (Past Participle) + Compl.

We hadn’t met at the party.

(?) Wh- + Had + Subj + V(Past Participle) + Compl?

How had she escaped from the police?

SPELLING To add -ed (Sb, page 107)

RULES *Irregular verbs

An action which happened before another one, both in the past.

USE When he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

We left the house because everybody had gone to bed.
I had thought about it, but I preferred not to mention it.

AFTER*: He ate a sandwich after he had washed his hands.

BEFORE*: He had washed his hands before he ate his sandwich.
AS SOON AS: As soon as I had heard the news, I phoned him.
BY: By 2000, he had lived in two camps and he had received a good education.
TIME
EXPRESSIONS BY THE TIME: By the time we arrived at the party, most of the guests had left.
ALREADY: When we got to the station, the train had already left.
WHEN: The ghost had disappeared when he turned down.

*We can also use PAST SIMPLE