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Tutorial Questions
Tutorial Questions
Module – 1:
Introduction:
Discrete-Time Signals, Shanon's sampling theorem, Difference equation description, characteristics
of digital filters and time domain analysis, properties of discrete time system (linearity, time-variance,
convolution), BIBO stability, Z-transformation and their application in solving difference equations,
Relationship between Laplace and Z-transforms
(7)
Text Books:
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Module – 2:
Text Books:
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Module – 3:
Text Books:
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Module – 4:
Text Books:
2
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Module -5 :
Frequency Transformations:
Frequency transformation in analog domain, frequency transformation in digital domain.
(4)
Text Books:
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Module – 6:
Text Books:
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Module -7:
Text Books:
1. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” ,John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Mamalakis,
2. “Digital Signal Processing”, Alan V. Oppenheim Ronald W. Schafer, PHI, India.
Reference Book:
Module I:
2. What is DSP? What are the advantages of DSP? Draw the general block diagram to show the
schematic representation of a DSP system. Also give some applications of DSP.
3. What are the various methods of representing discrete-time signals? Give examples. List the
mathematical operations performed on discrete-time signals.
4. How will you classify the discrete-time signals? Express the discrete-time signal x(n) as a
summation of impulses.
5. List the various types of discrete-time systems. Define the following systems, giving suitable
examples: (a) Static & Dynamic systems, (b) Time-invariant & Time-variant systems, (c) Linear
& Non-linear systems, (d) Causal & Non-causal systems, (e) BIBO- stable & unstable systems.
7. What are (a) FIR & IIR systems; (b) Recursive & Non-recursive systems?
10 ( z - 2 ) ( z + 1)
2 3
X ( z) =
( z - 0.8 ) ( z - 1) ( z - 0.2 )
2 2
z 4 + 2 z 3 + 3z 2 + 2 z + 1
X ( z) = , z >0
z4
17. (a) Determine the zero-input response of the system described by the second-order
difference equation:
x(n) – 3 y(n-1) – 4 y(n-2) = 0.
(b) Determine the particular solution of the difference equation :
y(n) = 5/6 y(n-1) – 1/6 y(n-2) + x(n).
18. Determine the impulse response and the unit-step response of the given systems:
(a) y(n) = 0.6 y(n-1) – 0.08 y(n-2) + x(n);
(b) y(n) = 0.7 y(n-1) – 0.1 y(n-2) + 2 x(n) – x(n-2).
19. Determine the z- transforms and sketch the ROC of the following signals:
(a) x1(n) = (1/3)n ; n 0
(1/2) –n ; n < 0
(b) x2 (n) = (1/3)n – 2n ; n 0
0 ; otherwise.
(c) x3 (n) = x1(n+4)
(d) x4 (n) = x1(-n).
X(z) = ( 1 + 2 z-1 )
( 1 – 2z-1 + z-2 ) if x(n) is (i) causal, (ii) anticausal.
(b) Determine the signal x(n) with z- transform
X(z) = 3
1 – (10/3)z-1 + z-2
X(z) = 1
( 1-2z ) ( 1-z-1)2
-1
(a) X (z) = 1
1 – 1.5z-1 + 0.5z-2
(b) X (z) = 1
1 – (1/2)z-1 + (1/4)z-2
Module II:
27. What is meant by discrete convolution? Why is linear convolution important in DSP?
If y(n) = x(n) * h(n), how will you determine the starting and ending points of y(n)? What will
be the length of y(n)? Write the properties of linear convolution.
28. What is zero padding? Why is it needed? Why is circular convolution important in DSP?
30. (a) How will you perform linear convolution via circular convolution?
(b) What is sectioned convolution? Why is sectioned convolution performed?
What are the two methods of sectioned convolution?
31. Determine the response of the system whose input and impulse response are given
By: x (n) = { 1,2,3,1 } and h(n) = { 1,2,1,-1 }.
6
32. Determine the output y(n) of a relaxed LTI system with impulse response
h(n) = an . u(n) ; where a < 1 and x(n) = u(n).
33. Determine the impulse response for the cascade of two LTI systems having
impulse responses h1(n) = ( ½ )n u(n) and h2(n) = ( 1/4 )n u(n).
36. Find the linear and circular convolution of the sequences x(n) = { 1,0.5 } and
h(n) = { 0.5,1 }.
37. The input and impulse response h(n) of a LTI system are given by:
x(n) = { -1,1,2,-2 } and h(n) = { 0.5,1,-1,2,0.75 }. Determine the response of the system using
Linear and circular convolution.
39. Compute and sketch x(n) and yI(n) in the following cases:
x(n) = { 1,4,2,3,5,3,3,4,5,7,6,9 }
h1(n) = { 1,1 }; h2(n) = { 1,2,1 }; h3(n) = { 0.5,0.5 }; h4(n) = { ¼,1/2,1/4 }.
40. Determine the response y(n), n 0, of the system described by the second-order Difference
equation:
y(n) – 3 y(n-1) –4y(n-2) = x(n) + 2x(n-1)
To the input, x(n) = 4n u(n).
x = [ 1, 2,1, 0 ]
T
41. Consider the signal
1
H ( z) =
1 - az -1
a) Find the impulse response h(k).
b) Find the frequency response H(f).
43. Using the definition of linear convolution show that
7
h ( k ) *d ( k ) = h ( k ) .
h = [ 2, -1, 0, 4 ]
T
x = [ 5, 3, -7, 6 ]
T
45. Suppose h(k) and x(k) are the following signals of length L and M respectively.
h = [ 3, 6, -1] ; x = [ 2, 0, -4, 5]
T T
y ( k ) = h ( k ) * x ( k ) for 0 �K < N .
h = [ 1, 2, 4, 8,16, 8, 4, 2,1]
T
A( z ) = z4 + 4z3 + 2z 2 - z + 3
B ( z ) = z 3 - 3z 2 + 4 z - 1
Find the coefficient vector of C(z) = A(z) B(z) by direct multiplication.
Module III:
Obtain the Direct Form –I, Form –II, cascade and parallel structures for the following systems:
52. Obtain the direct form-I, form-II, cascade and parallel realizations of the LTI system
Governed by the eqn.,
y(n) = -(3/8) y(n-1) + (3/32) y(n-2) + (1/64) y(n-3) + x(n) + 3x(n-1) + 2x(n-2).
53. Find the direct form I and II realizations of a discrete time system represented by the
Transfer function
54. Find the digital network in direct and transposed form for the system described by
The difference eqn.,
y(n) = x(n) + 0.5 x(n-1) + 0.4 x(n-2) – 0.6 y(n-1) – 0.7 y(n-2).
55. Realize the digital network described by H(z) in two ways:
H(z) = 1 + (½)z-1
(1-z +1/4z-2) (1-z-1+1/2z-2)
-1
57. Given
H(z) = (1 + z-1)3
1/4z ) (1-z-1 + 1/2z-2)
-1
59. What are the factors that influence the choice of structure of structure for realization of an LTI
system? Mention the advantage of direct form-I as compared to direct form-II structure?
62. List the different types of structures for realizing FIR systems. What is the advantage in linear
phase realization of FIR systems?
63. Consider the causal linear shift-invariant filter with system function
H(z) = 1 + 0.875z-1
(1 + 0.2z-1 + 0.9z-2)(1-0.7z-1)
Draw a signal flow-graph using direct form-I, form-II, a cascade of first and
Second order systems realized in direct form-II, a cascade of first and second order systems in
transposed direct form-II.
64. Consider the filter structure shown in fig. (1). Find the system function and the unit Sample
response of this system.
9
65. Find a direct form-II realization for the network given in fig. (2).
66. Find a transposed direct form-II realization for the system described by the difference eqn.,
y(n) = ¾ y(n-1) – ¾ y(n-2) + x(n) – 1/3 x(n-1)
67. Find the system function and the unit sample response for the following network (fig. 3) and
draw an equivalent direct form-II structure.
68. Find the system function for the network (fig. 4) and determine the conditions on the
Coefficients a(1), a(2), a(3) and a(4) that will ensure the stability of the system.
69. Consider the network of fig. (5). Redraw the flow graph as a cascade of second-order
sections in transposed direct form-II.
H(z) = ( 1 + z-1)4
( 1-z +7/8z-2)(1+2z-1+3/4z-2)
-1
draw a signal flow graph of this system using a cascade of second-order systems in direct
form-II and write down the set of difference eqns.that corresponds to this implementation.
73. Without factoring any polynomials, determine whether or not the following
Causal filter is stable:
x (n)
0.2 2
Fig 2 for Q. (65)
Fig 1 for Q. (64)
2
x (n) y (n) x (n) y (n)
z-1
Fig.3(Q.61) z-1
a (2) a (4)
-1/2
Fig 3 for Q. (67) Fig 4 for Q. (68)
x (n) y (n)
z-1 z-1
0.2 - 0.2
z-1 z-1
- 0.8 - 0.8
Fig 5 for Q. (69)