GNSS overview

For
The CNS Technical Seminar

Jul.31,2006 JCAB Headquarter

Presented by Hideki Manabe
Office of Aeronautical Satellite Systems
ATS Engineering Division, JCAB
 Contents
• Conventional air navigation and GNSS
• GPS/Galileo
• ABAS
• SBAS
• GBAS

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 Transition to GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System
GNSS

VOR/DME

¾Improved safety
¾Global and seamless service
¾Support new procedures
¾Reduce the number of ground based navigation system

3
 Benefits of GNSS

(>_<)

4
Conventional navigation

5
New navigation

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Positioning ｂｙ GPS

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 Constellation

altitude 20200 km
inclination 55 deg
Period: 11 hr 58 min
Ground track repeat about 10 days

8
Space segment
Block IIR

Block IIF

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Control segment

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User segment

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SA was turned off
--May 2, 2000--

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 Galileo

• Overall Spacecraft: 680 Kg / 1.6 kW class

• Dimensions:2.7 x 1.2 x 1.1 m
• Launcher Options: Ariane, Proton, Soyuz,
Zenit

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 Galileo Constellation

altitude 23222 km
inclination 56 deg
Period: 14 hr 22 min
Ground track repeat about 10 days

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 ABAS
<Aircraft Based Augmentation System>

• ABAS integrates GNSS information and aircraft-derived

information to assure compliance with performance
requirements
• Functions
– Integrity monitoring
• Fault detection and exclusion
• Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
– Uses GNSS information exclusively
• Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (AAIM)
– Uses information such as INS and barometric altimeters
– Availability aiding for the position solution
– Accuracy aiding through estimation of remaining errors in
determined ranges

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 ABAS

GPS
Receiver IRS
with RAIM
Barometric
Altimeter

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Basic GPS Receiver
for small aircrafts

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 SBAS
<Satellite Based Augmentation System>
• Functions
– Ranging
• Provide an additional pseudo-range signal from a SBAS satellite
– Satellite status
• Determine and transmit the GNSS satellite health status
– Basic differential correction
• Provide GNSS satellite ephemeris and clock corrections (fast and long-
term)
– Precise differential correction
• Determine and transmit ionospheric corrections
• Carrier frequency
– 1575.42 MHz (L1)

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 SBAS

SBAS
Receiver

SBAS
Ground
system Monitor Stations

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 MSAS Configuration
GPS
MTSATs

Sapporo
GMS

Aircraft
Kobe
MCS
Fukuoka Hitachi-
Hitachi-Ota
GMS Tokyo MCS
GMS

MCS: Master control station

Hawaii
MRS
GMS: Ground monitor station

Naha GMS
MRS: Monitor and ranging station Australia MRS

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Service Area of MSAS
& other SBASs

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FMS and SBAS sensor
for small air carriers

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 SBAS receiver
for small aircrafts

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 GBAS
<Ground Based Augmentation System>
• Functions
– Provide locally relevant pseudo-range corrections
– Provide GBAS-related data
– Provide final approach segment data
– Provide predicted ranging source availability data
– Provides integrity monitoring for GNSS ranging
sources
• Carrier frequencies
– 108.000 MHz to 117.975 MHz (25 kHz channel
spacing)

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 GBAS

VHF

GBAS
Receiver

GBAS
Ground
system Monitor Stations

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GBAS Configuration

GPS Positioning information

GBAS
receiver
Correction
data

Master
station

Monitoring
station

Reference
station

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 GBAS
(Prototype LAAS)

Reference station antenna

VDB station antenna

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 GBAS receiver
Multi Mode Receiver for large air carriers

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Backup charts

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 Ranging by DME
<Two way ranging>

Pulsed signal

Transponder
Interrogator

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 Ranging by GPS
<One way ranging>
Ranging code
&
Data

100
101
110
11 000
010
010
011
101
010
1…

Transmitter
Receiver

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Signal-in-space performance requirements
（ICAO SARPs：Table3.7.2.4-1）
Accuracy Accuracy
Typical operation horizontal vertical Integrity Time to alert Continuity Availability
95% 95%
-4
1-10 /h
3.7 km -7 0.99 to
En-route N/A 1-10 /h 5 min. to
(2.0 NM) -8
0.99999
1-10 /h
-4
1-10 /h
0.74 km -7 0.99 to
En-route, Terminal N/A 1-10 /h 15 s to
(0.4 NM) -8
0.99999
1-10 /h
Initial approach, -4
1-10 /h
Intermediate approach, 220 m -7 0.99 to
N/A 1-10 /h 10 s to
Non-precision approach(NPA), (720 ft) -8 0.99999
Departure 1-10 /h
-7
Approach Operations with vertical 16 m 20 m 1-2x10 -6
0.99 to
1-8x10
per 10 s
guidance (APVI) (52 ft) (66 ft) in any 15 s 0.99999
approach
-7
Approach Operations with vertical 16.0 m 8.0 m 1-2x10 -6
0.99 to
1-8x10
per 6s
guidance (APV-II) (52ft) (26 ft) in any 15 s 0.99999
approach
-7
1-2x10 -6
16.0 m 6.0 m to 4.0 m 1-8x10 0.99 to
Category I precision approach per 6s
(52ft) (20 ft to 13 ft) in any 15 s 0.99999
approach

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Ground based Navigation

Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)

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Reduce MEA by GNSS

Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)

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 GPS information(NANU)
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/
GPS CURRENT ACTIVE NANUs 2005055
NOTICE ADVISORY TO NAVSTAR USERS (NANU) 2005055
SUBJ: SVN31 (PRN31) UNUSABLE JDAY 104/1634 - UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE
1. NANU Type: UNUSUFN
NANU NUMBER: 2005055
NANU DTG: 141648Z APR 2005
REFERENCE NANU: N/A
REF NANU DTG: N/A
SVN: 31
PRN: 31
START JDAY: 104
START TIME ZULU: 1634
START CALENDAR DATE: 14 APR 2005
STOP JDAY: UFN
STOP TIME ZULU: N/A
STOP CALENDAR DATE: N/A
2. CONDITION: GPS SATELLITE SVN31 (PRN31) WILL BE UNUSABLE ON JDAY
104 (14 APR 2005) BEGINNING 1634 ZULU UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE.

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