EPITHELIAL

TISSUE
PRESENTED BY- PANKAJ PRADHAN
+3 1ST YEAR
Tissues – Introduction
■ a group of similar cells specialized to carry
on a particular function
■ tissue = cells + extracellular matrix
– nonliving portion of a tissue that supports cells
■ 4 types
– EPITHELIAL = protection, secretion, absorption
– connective = support soft body parts and bind
structures together
– muscle = movement
– nervous = conducts impulses used to help
control and coordinate body activities
 EPITHELIAL TISSUES
■ Sheets of cells
■ Specialized contacts/cell junctions (see below)
■ Basal lamina: protein scaffolding secreted by
epithelial cells
■ Basement membrane: reticular fibers (crossed
collagen network) that supports epithelium--really
associated connective tissue
■ Connective tissue support
■ Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective
tissue
■ Nerves pass through
■ Easily regenerates
■ E.g. skin, lining of gut, mucous membranes
Cell Junctions

■ Desmosome: binding spots between

cells with proteins called cadherins
■ Tight junctions: impermeable
– E.g. gut tube, doesn’t let enzymes from
gut into blood stream
■ Gap junctions: tubes that let small
molecules pass between cells
Human Anatomy, Larry M.
Frolich, Ph.D.
Epithelial Locations

■ cover body surfaces, cover and line

internal organs, and compose glands
– skin cells, cells that line the stomach and
small intestine, inside of your mouth
 E O R
I M P L F IE D
S R A T I
UN S T L
E L IA
P IT H S U E
E T IS
Simple squamous
epithelium
■ a single layer of thin, flattened cells
– look like a fried egg
■ easily damaged
■ common at sites of filtration, diffusion,
osmosis; cover surfaces
■ air sacs of the lungs, walls of
capillaries, linings of blood and lymph
vessels
Simple cuboidal
epithelium
■ single layer of cube-shaped cells
– centrally located nucleus
■ secretion and absorption
■ surface of ovaries, linings of kidney
tubules, and linings of ducts of certain
glands
Simple columnar
epithelium
■ single layer of cells that are longer
than they are wide
– nucleus located near basement mem.
■ ciliated or nonciliated
■ some have microvilli
■ goblet cells = secrete mucus
■ absorption, secretion, protection
■ linings of the uterus, stomach, and
intestine
Pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
■ appear stratified b/c nuclei are at 2 or
more levels
– NOT stratified b/c all cells touch
basement mem.
■ ciliated
■ goblet cells
■ protection, secretion, movement of
mucus
■ linings of respiratory system
CILIATED EPITHELIUM
•Irrespective of cubical or columnar , the exposed surface of cells bear
kinoclia whose function is beating unidirectionally to conduct the flow
of material.

•It occurs in hollow organs like fallopian tube, trachea bronchii.

 OR
FI E D
A T I
S T R U N D S U E
M P O TI S
C O L IA L
T H E
EP I
Stratified squamous
epithelium
■ many layers of flattened cells
■ named based on appearance of top
layer of cells
■ protection
■ outer layers of skin, linings of oral
cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal
Stratified cuboidal
epithelium
■ 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells
■ protection
■ linings of larger ducts of mammary
glands, sweat glands, salivary glands,
and pancreas
Stratified columnar
epithelium
■ protection and secretion
■ vas deferens, part of the male urethra,
parts of the pharynx (throat)
Transitional epithelium

■ can stretch
■ distensibility (stretching), protection
■ inner lining of urinary bladder and
linings of the ureters and part of
urethra
Glandular epithelium

■ cells that are specialized to produce

and secrete substances into ducts or
into body fluids
■ gland = 1 or more cuboidal or
columnar cell
■ secretion
■ salivary glands, sweat glands,
endocrine glands
Exocrine vs. Endocrine

■ exocrine = secrete sub. into ducts that

open onto surfaces
– skin or linings of digestive tract
■ endocrine = secrete sub. into tissue
fluid or blood
– hormones
Exocrine glands

■ merocrine = release watery,

protein-rich fluid by exocytosis
– salivary glands, sweat glands
■ apocrine = lose small portions of their
cell body during secretion
– mammary glands, ear wax
■ holocrine = entire cell lysis (breaks
apart) during secretion
– sebaceous glands of the skin
ACCORDING TO MODE OF SECRETION THERE
ARE THREE TYPES OF GLANDS
ACCORDING TO NATURE OF SECRETORY PRODUCTS GLANDS MAY BE OF
FOLLOWING TYPES-

SEROUS GLAND
Secretory product is watery fluid.
Eg- salivary gland

MUCOUS GLAND
Secretory product is mucous.
Eg- goblet gland

SWEAT GLAND
Secretory product is concentrated fluid.
Eg- mammary gland

SELRUM GLAND
Secretory fluid is the oil.
Eg- sebaceous gland
GLANDS ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE
THE END
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