ABSTRACT

The objective of this seminar report is to study the automobile application of autotronics and find its
range of utilization and also to study how it will improve the performance of the vehicle. This report
briefly describes a few automobile applications of autotronics mainly in following domains:

Braking system

Steering system

Suspension system

Transmission system

Engine (fuel intake)

Autotronics is the blend of Automobile + Electronics. The advanced development of vehicles in the last
few years was based mainly on electrical and electronic componentsand modules. There is no end in
sight to this development. All main functional areas are strongly influenced by the field of electronics or
even made possible by it: e.g. anti-lock brake systems, low emission and reduced fuel consumption
through electronic motor management systems, anti-theft and electronic diagnosis systems.Analysts
estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive innovation now stems from electronics.

For long-haul serial communication between various automotive subsystems such as anti-lock brakes,
airbag deployment, engine Control, and GPS navigation, the CAN, LIN, and MOST protocols are the most
popular serial buses implemented in today’s vehicles.

By definition, automotive Electronic systems are embedded mixed-signal systems because they feature
multiple analog sensors and analog motor controls under digital control. For years, traditional
oscilloscopes have been the primary tool-of choice among automotive electronic system design
engineers.
To understand the phenomenal growth of the automotive electronics in Asia Pacific, we first need to
understand the evolution of this industry on a global front. To improve efficiency of system
communication and to reduce cost, all of today’s automotive designs employ a variety of serial bus
communication protocols. The I 2C and SPI protocols are most often used for chip-to-chip
communication within electronic control units (ECUs). For long-haul serial communication between
various automotive subsystems such as anti-lock brakes, airbag deployment, engine Control, and GPS
navigation, the CAN, LIN, and MOST protocols are the most popular serial buses implemented in today’s
vehicles.

By definition, automotive Electronic systems are embedded mixed-signal systems because they feature
multiple analog sensors and analog motor controls under digital control. For years, traditional
oscilloscopes have been the primary tool-of choice among automotive electronic system design
engineers to measure the quality of both analog and digital signals. But traditional analog and digital
oscilloscopes have many limitations, including lack of complex serial triggering and limited input
channels of acquisition. However, a new class of measurement tools called mixed signal oscilloscopes.

The demands made on braking systems are increasing steadily. Therefore, the development and
introduction of an electronic braking system (EBS) is a logical step. EBS increases traffic safety through
reduced stopping distance and improved brake stability. The full diagnosis and surveillance functions as
well as the display of brake Lining wear offer an effective fleet logistics. By actuating the brake pedal the
driver defines the deceleration request. The EBS ECU transmits this input electronically To all braking
system components.

The braking system's shorter response timesprovide a more comfortable and finelytunedbraking feeling,
independent of thevehicle’s load situation. EBS provides the basis for the integration of further safety
systems like e.g. WABCO ESC (Electronic Stability Control). ESC is a system which independently
intervenes in critical driving situations and adjusts engine and brake control. Within physical limits, ESC
protects vehicles from rollover, skidding, spinning and jack-knifing.

EBS Components

The EBS contains the following renowned functions:

Endurance brake integration

The braking system has an integrated brake management function which always regulates the
endurance brake when the brake pedal is activated based on an optimum delay of the vehicle. Optimum
service brake wear is attained through the distribution of endurance and service brake. This function is
an important part of delay control. The integration of endurance brake can be deactivated via the
switch.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS):

The control logic determines from the wheel rotation speed whether one or more wheels can be
blocked and decides whether to decrease, maintain, or increase the braking pressure on it.

Traction control system (TCS)

Just like in the ABS function, while the vehicle is in motion, the electronic control system determines
whether the wheels are in the stable area of the μ slip curve. In case of wheel-spin, the engine output
and/or driving axle wheel braking is adjusted by the axle modulator via the CAN bus and engine control
system. An activated traction control system is displayed on the functions display.

Brake lining wear control

When the brake is applied partially, the braking pressure distribution is adjusted, not withstanding the
available wear signals, i.e. the detected wear difference. The pressure on the wheel brakes with more
lining wear is reduced slightly, whereas the pressure on the wheel brakes with less lining wear is
increased adequately, so that there is no change in the overall braking rate required by the driver.

Advantages of EBS

EBS reduces service costs considerably. -The electronic braking system has a lot of functions. The aim is
to maximize braking safety at reduced costs, for instance by optimizing wheel brake lining wear. -
Setting pressure, according to wear criteria, to the front and rear axle results in uniform lining wear.
Overall wear is minimized by making the load on all wheel brakes uniform. Moreover, servicing and
lining replacement are done at the same time. This reduces down-time costs.

Depending on the vehicle utilization profile and other factors, this also means considerable savings for
the vehicle user. In terms of wheel brake service costs alone, a firsthand owner will save more money
with an electronically braked bus than with a vehicle with a conventional braking system.
Automatic Traction Control (ATC) is integrated in EBS. EBS creates axlewise brake wear harmonization by
performing slight braking pressure transfers from the axle with a higher degree of wear to the one with
less wear. This promotes more even brake wear and increases vehicle operational time. In addition, non-
wearing Brake control (retarder and engine brake) is integrated in the service brake application via the
EBS brake management, ensuring a low overall brake wear . It is only used in case of malfunction in the
electric section of the system. During trailer operation, automatic truck-trailer compatibility is provided.
Truck-trailer compatibility control ensures that each vehicle unit brakes according to its individual
weight. This results in an optimal coupling force between towing vehicle and trailer.

What is the difference between ABS & Traction Control?

• ABS

Manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuver

• Traction Control

Manage the grip of the tires for accelerating maneuver.

INTRODUCTION

Unknown11:40homemechanic2

Autotronics engineering
The Autotronics is referred to as modern automotive technology and also commonly known as
Automotive Mechatronics Autotronics is the combination of automobile and electronics while hybrid
 refers to technology that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. It deals with
computer controlled motor vehicle systems such as Engine Control Unit (ECU-airbag, engine, ABS),
engine management, electronic transmission, GPS-based navigation system, stability management
systems.

It provides an in-depth understanding of electronic control systems and vehicle sub-systems

operation of various computer controlled motor vehicle systems in networked system (CAN Bus and
Lin Bus Systems).

The student will also acquire knowledge and skills on automotive electronic problem-solving
techniques using state – of – the – art testing and diagnostic equipment to maintain, troubleshoot
and repair electrical and electronics systems used in various automotive vehicles. The graduates
can be employed in the automotive industry and specialized service centers.

The study includes:-

 Automotive Electrical and Electronics Systems

 Digital Communication in automotive

 Hybrid & Electronic Vehicles

 Advanced sensors and actuators in automotive

 Engine Management and diagnostic systems

Future careers:-
 Autotronics Specialist

 Specialist/Advisor

 Autotronics Assistant Engineer

 Autotronics Diagnostician
 Stairs

METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

AUTOTRONICS COURSE – ANINNOVATIVE APPROACH IN MODERN

AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION IN AFRICA FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

BY

1ENGR. HARUNA ABUBAKAR(harounsadeeq@yahoo.com)

2USMAN OZOVEHE YAHAYA (almizansoftwaresolution1@yahoo.com)

3ENGR. ABDUL-AKABA TIJANI (otarutijani@gmail.com)

1,2Mechanical and Aerospace Ground Engineering Department (MAGED), Air

Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Base Kaduna - Kaduna, Nigeria.

3Mechanical Engineering Department, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The paper describes an Autotronics course addressing the current and anticipated
skill shortages of car mechanics and employers in car garages.Autotronics could be
describe as an artificial word that combines automotive sector and electronics
content. It has without doubt been at the heart of every meaningful automobile
industrial breakthrough recorded in the last two centuries and is continually
transforming maintenance operations with endless discovery of new techniques. In
Africa, there is need to provide effective industrious and institution affiliations
where autotronics skill acquisition can be used to reduce unemployment among our
teaming youths and enhances the maintenance skills of our incompetent
mechanics. In advanced countries of the world, autotronics plays important role in
their socio-economic development of their citizens. The course uses an innovative,
blended learning approach, which combines multimedia with sophisticated
classroom training in order to meets the standards and challenges of modern
automotive technologies worldwide. The course contains a comprehensive suite of
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modules, which allow self-guided learning to be completed at the learner’s own

pace, be up to date, highly interactive and practical. Content of the course modules
and topics of the practical training, dedicated to automotive electronics and OBD
(On Board Diagnosis) are considered.
Key words: Autotronics, automotive sector, vocational training, technology

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this paper is to encourage Government, institutions, private

companies, car garage owners and unemployed youths in our society of Africa
continent to embrace and support Autotronics as a course to be studied or a certain
engineering skill to be acquired. Once this is done, it will reduce unemployment in
our society and will ultimately improve our socio-economic development of our
dear continent Africa.
The training needed for car garage and car mechanic qualifications has changed
significantly in the past few years. A wide variety of technological developments
in the automobile industries are responsible for this. Though, the need to give
emphasis on youth skills development, especially for the less privilege, educated,
poor and school drop-out has been neglected for some time now throughout the
African region. Thus, skill acquisition among our youth needs to be encouraged.
The educational level attainment in African countries is not showing much impact
on the work force, knowing the fact that these are indicators of determining the
productivity and income level, as well as the economic strength of any nation.
In this paper we looked at autotronics as a tool for industrialization and promoting
modern automotive technology for sustainable development of African continent.
There is need to address knowledge gap on autotronics skills in most of the African
countries, in order to rescue the continent. This unique skill has without doubt been
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at the heart of every meaningful Automobile industrial breakthrough recorded in

the last two centuries and is continually revolutionizing the maintenance operations
with endless discovery of new techniques.
Furthermore, very few if any among the African tertiary institutions of higher
learning that offered a Degree or HND in automotive engineering with speciality in
autotronics in both universities and polytechnics. None to mention that possesses
adequate and up to date equipment and laboratory facilities capable of carrying out
effective research and experiment needed in this modern automotive technology.
Though, several papers were presented by so many researchers in different fields
of engineering, suggesting ways by which our socio-economic development of our
society could improve. The fundamental benediction of studying autotronics as a
course in our tertiary institutions and as a skill in our skill acquisition centres is the
empowerment of vulnerable group, talented unemployed youths and engineering
graduates in the society.

AUTOTRONICS

The Autotronics is referred to as modern automotive technology in the field of

automobile engineering. Significantly, it has many applications in motor vehicles
technology. Autotronics as an aspect of automobile engineering presents basics,
advantages, layout and components and functional operation of various computer
controlled motor vehicle systems. In addition, it clarifies how to use recent
diagnostic tools and equipment for fault finding and analysis. It deals with
computer controlled motor vehicle systems like; engine management, ABS (Anti
Brake Skid), TCS (Traction Control), SCS (Stability Control) and others. The self-
diagnosis and fault codes are also included.
Some of the modern cars are as much electronic as they are mechanical, thus
creating a new AUTOTRONIC area (AUTOmobile + elecTRONIC). A modern car
has several control modules, which monitor and manage most of the major systems
in the vehicle. The most common types are engine and drive line control, cruise
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control, suspension control, anti-lock braking and airbag control, climate control,
GPS-based navigation system, stability management system, instrumentation,
infotainment, etc. Systems such as steering systems, collision warning, voice
recognition, Internet access, night vision enhancement and collision avoidance
systems [1, 2, 7, and 5].

MODERN AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY

The modern automobile is a complex technical system employing subsystems with

specific design functions. Some of these consist of thousands of component parts
that have evolved from breakthroughs in existing technology or from new
technologies such as electronic computers, high-strength plastics, and new alloys
of steel and nonferrous metals. Some subsystems have come about as a result of
factors such as air pollution, safety legislation, and foreign competition. The fig.1
below shows a typical vehicle, indicating the major functional components of an
automobile.

Fig.1 the Major Functional Components of an Automobile.

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SKILLS ACQUISITION CENTRES IN AFRICA

The evolvement of new fields of engineering operations and methods discovered

through adequate research and technology advancement necessitated the
establishment of skills training centres in most African countries to serve as a
bridge between the academia and industry. The aim is to bring together the
practicing engineering professionals from the industry and the academicians from
higher institution of learning to exchange ideas and knowledge in ensuring that
required skills are imparted adequately.
Though, the idea to establish industrial skills training centre in most African
countries was conceived in 1978, following years of periodic appraisal of the effort
of various formal and non-formal vocational institutions. The industrial training
fund in a bid to introduce into the national economy an effective and vocational
training system, commissioned a study of in-plant and apprentice training in
Africa. The vocational training in the formal vocational training institutions was
more or less improvised and geared more towards theory than practices. Almost all
the vocational training institutions suffer from lack of funds, qualified and
experienced instructors and equipment [10].
In a bid to introduce a modern and systematic vocational training system which is
broad-based in nature, industrial training fund in 1981 took a policy decision to go
into direct training of craftsmen and technicians by establishing industry-oriented
vocational training institutions which is called Industrial Skills Training Centre
(ISTC).
The Centre’s objectives are therefore to:
1. Trains and develops high level skilled manpower in the occupational area that
exists in the Centre.
2. Liaises with the industrials to upgrade the skills of their work force for
improved productivity.
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3. Undertakes studies to establish the skill requirements of industries and develop

job specifications for purposes of skills training.
4. Empowers the youth through skills acquisition programme aimed a job creation
and entrepreneurship development.
5. Designs and implements booster courses based on industry’s perceived needs.
6. Certifies and issues trainees with ITF competency certificate at the successful
completion of the programme.
All these are bold steps in improving the professionalism of our industrial
workforce and indeed to train our redundant teaming youths of our dear continent,
Africa. The aim is to reduce unemployment for sustainable socio-economic
development of our society. But the aim could not be achieved without looking at
the other aspects of development like the field of modern automotive technology,
specifically, ‘Autotronics’. As we all know modern sophisticated vehicles are
being imported into the continent without actually having adequate well skilled
manpower to handle the aftersales services on those vehicles, perhaps making the
end users uncomfortable. One of the ways to alleviate that is to ensure adequate
manpower in the field of autotronics. Therefore, the need to introduce
‘AUTOTRONICS’, as a course in our higher institutions of learning and indeed as
an occupational area in our vocational training centres cannot be
overemphasized. THE NEED FOR AUTOTRONICS EDUCATION IN
AFRICA
As is the case in all areas of industry, lifelong learning is essential for the
workforce, in order to stay viable in markets over the long term. Ongoing car
mechanics re-skilling is being pushed ahead in particular due to the following
developments:
1. The introduction of electronic and communications components from
different manufacturers, based on different standards;
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2. Increasing technical complexity at the workplace in car garages

(introduction of new machines, diagnostic technologies);
3. Increasing competitive pressure on limited brand-authorized car garages in the
country;
4. The existence of unskilled mechanics in most of our car garages and as a
consequence of this, the demand for garages to acquire basic knowledge of
Autotronics that can be used for maintenance and trouble-shooting for different
brands.
5. While large car garages with exclusive contracts with major car brands are
responding to the growing demands for employee qualification with more
extensive training budgets and systematic continuing education courses, the small
and medium size garages are at a structural disadvantage in terms of staff training
and development, due to limited financial and staffing resources.
To address these challenges and to fill the gap between current state of car
servicing and the skill manpower requirements, an Autotronics course needs to be
introduced to meet up the skill manpower demand of small and medium sized car
garages and so-called roadside car mechanics garages.

AUTOTRONICS COURSE STRUCTURE AND TRAINING

The Autotronics course is based on the traditional classroom theoretical and

practical training. The practical training should be provided in well-equipped
Laboratory or Workshop. The course contains a comprehensive module in
combination with sophisticated classroom training specifically designed to meet
the needs of car garages and car mechanics. This module is adapted to local
requirements; allow self-guided learning to be completed at the learner´s own pace,
be up to date and highly practical offering interactive multimedia elements.
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The course breaks down into three course modules made up of the following
thematic areas as shown below:

Autotronics Professional level I

This level covers such activities as checking circuitresistance,continuity, testing

basic electrical/electronic components; performing series and parallel circuit test;
measuring current and voltage; calculating total resistance/impedance;practicing
Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws;analyzing waveforms and measure signals values like
peak, frequency, period; testing circuit with electronic components like diode
rectifier, Zener diode, voltage limiter, transistor switch in driving circuit;
troubleshootingconcerning opens, shorts and grounds in circuits, existence of
unwanted resistances and analyzing AC signal waveforms for fault discovering.
Teaching aims in this module concern learner ability to read and analyze wiring
diagrams; creation of learner self-confidence in multimeter and oscilloscope usage,
interpret readings and determine needed repair; ability to relate fault in a circuit
and reason that cause it. The summary of the course outline is as shown:
• Introduction to Automotive Systems
• Electrical Fundamental
• Basics of Measurement Techniques
• Basics of Automotive Electronics
• Basic Hydraulic and Pneumatic Components
• Electrical Power Supply in Cars
• Practical Training for the Level 1 covers General Electrical System
Diagnosis and Services

Autotronics Professional level II

The second level activities include testing various sensorsand their circuits
(temperature sensor, throttle position sensor,MAP sensor, Knock sensor, MAF
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sensor); reading and interpreting automotive manual data; testing actuators with
Pulse Width modulation (relay, EGR valve); measuring computer outputs; using
diagnosis flowchart to localize trouble in sensor/actuator/circuitry; relate trouble
symptom with the reason of its appearance.
Teaching aims in this module concern learner ability to read and interpret
automotive manual data, ability to choose and apply different testing methods of
vehicle sensors and actuators; ability to test and diagnose temperature sensors and
their circuits; relate measured data with expected reaction of control modules,
ability to test and diagnose different automotive sensors and their circuits; ability
to relate troubles with engine behavior, ability to test motors and relate trouble
symptoms with reason of its appearance; ability to relate troubles with vehicle
behavior, understanding pulse width modulation for controlling actuators. The
summary of the course outline is as shown:
• Basics of Sensors and Actuators
• Automotive Computers
• Gasoline Engine Management Systems
• Diesel Engine Management Systems
• Practical Training for the Level 2 covers Sensors’ and Actuators’ Diagnosis and
Services

Autotronics Professional level III

The last level accentuates upon OBD (On-board Diagnostic) data retrieval andDTC
(Diagnostic Trouble codes) diagnosis by using liveexperiments with scan OBDII
Tool.
Teaching aims in this module concern trainee’s preparation to perform a scan tester
diagnosis on a car, their ability to use the scan tool software and hardware to read
data from an EOBD compliant car and analyze this data, the learner readiness to
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create and use symptom charts to set up a strategic approach to troubleshooting

problems. The summary of the course outline is as shown:
• Emission Control
• On-Board Diagnostic (OBD)
• Road Safety Systems
• Automatic Transmissions
• Electronic Suspension and Steering System
• Communication systems
• Comfort and Safety Systems
• Practical Training for the Level 3 covers Live Experiments with scan OBDII Tool
All course modules combine basic knowledge with their specific fields of
application in the car industry. The objective of the course is to impart core
competencies applicable across brands in the topics mentioned, supporting users in
their day-today work on the cars of different manufacturers.

THE IMPORTANT OF AUTOTRONICS COURSE

By the end of the course, participant will be able to:

• Outline the advantages of autotronics applications in motor vehicle technology.
• Outline the basics of electronic control (sensing, data processing, actuating,
closed loop).
• Describe the structure and the functional operation of vehicle computer, sensors
and actuators.
• Explain how engine computer controlled systems work.
• Explain how automotive chassis related computer controlled systems work.
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• List and describe the principle of operation of modern vehicles diagnostic tools &
equipment.
• List and describe the used modern motor vehicles diagnostic techniques.
• Troubleshoot problems of all type professionally.
• And ultimately be able to carry out maintenance on vehicles according to the
respective manufactures’ specifications.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In view of the fact that this initiative hinges on the fact that trainees will become
self-employed and employers which will reduce pressure on labour market, the
following recommendations are made practical.
• Skill acquisition centres should be established for Autotronics.
• Practical skills necessary for self-employment in Autotronics are to be identified.
• The skill area of Autotronics should be segmented for both small and medium car
garages.
• Adequate training and instructional materials should be provided in the training
centres.
• Commercial banks should extend their credit services to the development of car
garages.
• Investment guarantee agencies for establishment of car garages to cater for the
limited-resource entrepreneur with the business potential should be established.

CONCLUSION

The paper considers an innovative approach dedicated to modern automotive

technology education for Government, Institutions, car mechanics and employers
in car garages. It combines the advantages of an intensive classroom training
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(individual learner’s pace, use of multimedia, etc.) and the possibility of applying
theoretical knowledge acquired directly on the real car.
It is our belief that action taken in this direction will empower youth for economic
and social development and indeed will promote the modern automotive
technology for sustainable development in Africa.
REFERENCES

[1] Automotive Handbook, 6th edition. Robert Bosch GmbH, Bentley

Publishers, 2004;
[2] Diesel-Engine Management, 3th edition. Robert Bosch GmbH, Bentley
Publishers, 2004;
[3] Gasoline-Engine Management, 2nd edition. Robert Bosch GmbH, Bentley
Publishers, 2004;
[4] Lack Erjavec, Automotive Technology A systems approach, 4th edition,
Thomson Delmar Learning, 2005, USA;
[5] Willliam B., Ribens, Understanding Automotive Electronics, 6-th Edit., an
In print of Elsevier Science, USA, 2004;
[6] Autotronics Project “Blended Learning Solution Imparting Automotive and
Electronics (Autotronics) Competencies for Car Garages and Car Mechanics with
European Wide Accepted
Certificates”http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/eten/cf/opdb/c f/ Pro
ject/index.cfm?mode=detail&project_ref=ETEN-029284
[7] Encyclopedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite, Accessed on the 10th
July, 2013
[8] Dr. El-Namaki M.S.S. (2012): “Developing and Promoting Technology and
Technical Skills in small-scale rural manufacturing enterprises”. Director, RVB
Delft; Research Institute for Management Science, Netherlands.
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[9] Maina, N.S. (2007): “Engineering Education In Nigeria. Problems and way
Forward”. Proceedings of the International Conference. Nigerian society of
Engineers pp129 – 132.
[10] EZENWAKA B.C and TIJANI A. “Practical skill up-grading in refrigeration
and air conditioning: a veritable tool for youth empowerment for economic and
social development in Nigeria”
[11] TIJANI A. and GIRBO A. A. “Welding and fabrication: tools for
promoting indigenous technology for sustainable development”

Presentation on theme: "AUTOTRONICS (VEHICLE

CONTROL SYSTEM)"— Presentation transcript:
1 AUTOTRONICS (VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM)
BMCA 4663AUTOTRONICS(VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM)Lecture: Dr.
Khisbullah HudhaTutorial: En. Mohd. Hanif Harun

2 Course Content Chapter 1: Introduction to Vehicle Control System (1)

Chapter 2: Active Front Wheel Steer System (AFS) (1) Chapter 3: Antilock Braking
System (ABS) & MR Brake (2)Chapter 4: CVT Control (1)Chapter 5: Active Four
Wheel Steer System (4WS) (1)Chapter 6: Active & Semi Active Suspension System
(2)Chapter 7: Active Roll Control Suspension System (ARC) (2)Chapter 8: Active
Engine Mounting System (1)Chapter 9: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) (1)Chapter
10: Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication (1)

3 Laboratory Works Sensor Installation & Control Command Programming

Pneumatically Actuated Active Suspension System on a Quarter Car Test
RigModeling and Validation of MR Brake System

4 COURSE IMPLEMENTATION
LECTURE: 2 HOURS PER WEEK FOR 14 WEEKSTUTORIALS: 3 HOURS PER
WEEK FOR 8 WEEKSLAB: 3 HOURS PER WEEK FOR 3
WEEKSASSIGNMENTS: 3 HOURS PER WEEK FOR 3 WEEKS

5 COURSE EVALUATION MID TEST: 15% FINAL TEST: 50% QUIZ (2X):
10%
ASSIGNMENTS (3X): 10%PROJECT: 15%

6 REFERENCESRAJAMANI, R. (2005). VEHICLE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL.

SPRINGER.(can be downloaded at the following URL:Kiencke, U. and Nielsen, L.
(2004). Automotive Control System. Springer Verlag: New York, LLC.

7 Chapter 1 Introduction to Vehicle Control System

8 AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP

9 ABSABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First developed and patented
in 1936, ABS is actually derived from the German term "antiblockiersystem."Anti-
lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help drivers maintain steering
control during an emergency stopping situation.In cars equipped with conventional
brakes, the driver pumps the brakes, whereas in cars equipped with four-wheel ABS,
the driver keeps a firm foot on the brake, allowing the system to rapidly and
automatically pump the brakes.
10 Traction ControlTraction Control is used to prevent the drive wheels from losing
grip when accelerating.Traction control is an enhancement of ABS that can also be
used to balance the traction torques in all drive wheels

11 What is the difference between ABS & Traction Control?

manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuverTraction Controlmanage the grip of
the tires for accelerating maneuver

12 Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)

VSC = ABS + Traction Control + Yaw ControlVSC is able to prevent a car from
sliding sideways

13 Brake AssistBrake Assist is a generic term for an automobile braking technology

that increases braking pressure in an emergency situation.The brake assist system
identify the state of ‘emergency’ of a road vehicle by using brake pedal force.

14 ARCVehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer imposed by lateral
acceleration acting on the suspension. Factors contributing to the roll angle of the
vehicle include vehicle height and suspension stiffness.ARC system uses
hydraulic/pneumatic and electronic technology to reduce or eliminate the vehicle roll
angle in cornering, which improves handling. This improvement to vehicle handling
can help reduce rollover risk.

15 ARC System

16 Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) technology automatically adjust the vehicle speed and
distance to that of a target vehicle. ACC uses a long range radar sensor to detect a
target vehicle up to 200 meters in front and automatically adjusts the ACC vehicle
speed and gap accordingly.ACC automatically decelerates or accelerates the vehicle
according to the desired speed and distance settings established by the driver. As per
standard cruise control the driver can override the system at any time.

17

18 Active Body Control Active Suspension - Hydraulic - Pneumatic

Semi-Active Suspension- Variable orifice- MR fluid

19 X-by WireX-by wire: replace mechanical system in automobile with electrical

system for faster response, easier to control and lighter vehicle total weightThe most
common x-by-wire technology available in the market are brake by wire & steer by
wire
20 Collision Avoidance Technology
All the automotive technologies mentioned previously are considered as collision
avoidance technologiesOngoing / Latest research on collision avoidance:Active
bumper system, active hood lift system, vehicle to vehicle communication, etc.

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