Professional Documents
Culture Documents
N-Acetylcysteine Acetaminophen Acute ingestion of: PO: AST Nausea, vomiting, other GI Do not draw APAP levels before 4
NAC - 7.5 g (adults) or Loading Dose: 140 mg/kg ALT symptoms with PO dosing. hrs post acute ingestion as they are
(Mucomyst) - 150 mg/kg (chikdren) Maintenance dose: 70 mg/kg q4h x 17 doses Bilirubin Rash, pruritus, tachycardia, not predictive of toxicity
Serum APAP level Each dose should be diluted to final concentration of 5% with PO fluid of choice PT HTN, hypotension and If the px vomits w/in 1hr of an oral
- 150 mg/L at 4 hrs post ingestion Creatinine bronchospasm have been NAC dose, repeat the dose. Use
Chronic ingestion of potentially IV: BUN reported, but are rare and more antiemetics as needed.
toxic amounts Loading Dose: 140 mg/kg Blood glucose and associated with IV administration
Maintenance dose: 70 mg/kg q4h x 12 doses Electrolytes
Dilute dose in an appropriate crystalloid solution to a final conc. of *should be checked daily
3.3%-4% and infuse over 1 hr as part of maintenance fluids during NAC therapy
Antivenin, Crotaline snake Mild, moderate or severe Perform sensitivity testing prior to dose. See package insert. CBC w/ platelets Hypersensitivity rxn, Do not inject antivenin around the
Crotalidae envenomation envenomation Give dose as soon as possible PT anaphylaxis, serum sickness bite site. Never inject antivenin in a
polyvalent (rattlesnake, PTT toe or finger.
(equine origin) copperhead, MILD – Local swelling, no MILD – 0 to 10 vials Fibrinogen Do not apply ice or tourniquets. Do
cottonmouth) systemic or lab abnormalities MODERATE – 10 to 20 vials Fibrin degradation not attempt to incise fang marks.
MODERATE – Swelling SEVERE - ≥ 20 vials products (FDP) If the px is sensitive to horse serum
beyond bite site, ≥ 1 systemic UA or other antivenin components,
manifestation, abnormal lab See package insert for administration recommendations H/H administration of diphenhydramine,
changes BUN corticosteroids and epinephrine may
SEVERE – Marked local Serum creatinine be required.
response, severe systemic effects, Electrolytes Update tetanus if needed.
significant lab abnormalities *Check q4h for at least
the first 12 hrs
Antivenin, North American Mild, moderate or severe Initial dose: CBC w/ platelets Mild hypersensitivity (urticarial, Most effective if given within 6
crotalidae crotalid snake envenomation 4-6 vials IV over 1hr (25-50 mL/hr for the first 10 mins; to 250 mL/hr if no PT rash) rxn, especially in those hours of the bite.
polyvalent envenomation adverse response) PTT allergic to papaya or papain Do not apply ice or tourniquets. Do
immune fab (rattlesnake MILD – Local swelling, no Repeat dose at 1hr intervals until control of sx is achieved. Fibrinogen not attempt to incise fang mark.
(ovine origin), copperhead, systemic or lab abnormalities UA This product has much less risk of
(CroFab) cottonmouth) MODERATE – Swelling Maintenance dose: H/H hypersensitivity rxn than the horse
beyond bite site, ≥ 1 systemic Once sx are controlled, give 2 vials q6h for 3 more doses. Additional doses of 2 Fibrin degradation serum based product.
manifestation, abnormal lab vials each may be administered as needed depending on px response. products (FDP) Update tetanus if needed.
changes Reconstitute vial w/ 10 mL SWFI. Further dilute in 250 mL NS and infuse over BUN
SEVERE – Marked local 1hr. Serum creatinine
response, severe systemic effects, Electrolytes
significant lab abnormalities *Check q4h for at least
the first 12hrs
Antivenin, Black widow spider Severe or life threatening Perform sensitivity testing prior to dose. See package insert. Electrolytes Hypersensitivity rxn, Most beneficial when given w/in 4 hrs
Latrodectus envenomation. Also envenomations. Calcium anaphylaxis, serum sickness of envenomation
mactans effective for other IV: Glucose
(equine origin) species of Dissolve 1 vial (2.5 mL) in 10-50 mL of D5W or NS and infuse over 15-30 mins. CPK
Latrodectus IV is preferred in cases of severe shock and in children <12 yrs old
IM:
Inject the indiluted contents of 1 vial (2.5 mL) IM, preferably in the anterolateral
thigh
A second vial may be considered if response w/in 1 hr is inadequate.
Antivenin, Eastern and Texas Positive identification of a coral Perform sensitivity testing prior to dose. See package insert. Routine labs Hypersensitivity rxn, Most beneficial when given w/in 4
Micrurus fulvius coral snake snake, or signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, serum sickness hrs of envenomation
(equine origin) envenomation coral snake envenomation. Initial dose: Do not apply ice or tourniquet or
3-5 vials diluted in 250-500 mL of NaCl given by slow IV infusion attempt to incsise fang marks
If the px is sensitive, administration
Additional antivenin may be necessary. of diphenhydramine, corticosteroids
See package insert for administration recommendations. and epinephrine may be required.
Update tetanus if needed.
Atropine Organophosphate and For tx of cholinergic (SLUDGE) Adults: Initial dose of 1-2 mg IV Organophosphate Dryness of mucous membranes, For severe cases, may need
carbamate pesticides, symptoms due to drugs and Children: Initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg IV poisoning: tachycardia, mydriasis, continuous atropine infusion. Taper
muscarine containing
chemicals that inhibit Individualize dose on the basis of response to initial dose. Repeat as necessary Serum (or RBC) flushed/dry/hot skin, fever before discontinuation.
mushrooms,
acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterase activity q15-30 mins until signs of atropinization (i.e. flushing, drying of secretions, cholinesterase level (especially in children),
inhibitors (tacrine, mydriasis if pinpoint pupils are present). Large doses may be required. constipation, hallucinations and
donepezil) delirium ( in excess doses)
Deferoxamine Iron Tx of acute iron toxicity (those 15 mg/kg/hr IV infusion (up to Serum Fe Hypotension (more common w/ The normal serum Fe level = 50-
(Desferal) w/ s/sx of iron toxicity or serum Fe 35-45 mg/kg/hr have been used for massive poisoning) Glucose rapid infusion), rash, generalized 150 mcg/dL
level >350-500 mcg/dL Max daily dose is 6 g (up to 16 g/day have been tolerated) WBCs erythema, allergic-type rxn, inj. The ferrioxamine chelate may
Chronic Fe overload May be given IM, but IV is preferred Abdominal radiographs site rxn discolor the urine a pink to red-orange
(KUB – see comments) color (vin rose)
CBC Continue tx until s/sx resolve, the
Electrolytes serum Fe level is < 150 mcg/dL and a
BUN repeat KUB is (-) for the presence of
Serum creatinine Fe in the GI tract
LFTs KUB is valuable to identify those at
risk for continued Fe absorption
Digoxin immune Digoxin, digitoxin Tx of potentially life-threatening Perform sensitivity testing in high risk pxs prior to administration (i.e. those w/ Serum digoxin levels Allergic rxns (rare), low cardiac Total serum digoxin may rise
fab digoxin intoxication (i.e. severe known allergies or previously treated w/ Digibind) (obtain before output, CHF, hypokalemia, rapid precipitously following Fab
(ovine origin) ventricular arrhythmias, Contact local poisoning control center or see package insert for dosing administration) ventricular response in pxs w/ administration. However, this will be
(Digibind) progressive bradyarrhythmias or instructions. Frequently check K atrial fibrillation almost entirely bound to the Fab
2nd or 3rd degree heart block not levels fragments and therefore not able to
responsive to atropine) Serum Mg react w/ receptors in the body.
Px has ingested >10 mg of Other electrolytes
digoxin (Adults) or 4 mg (children) BUN
Serum conc. >10 ng/mL Serum creatinine
Serum K >5 mEq/L in this
setting
Dimercarpol As, Au, Hg and Pb Tx of As, Au and acute Hg Give as deep IM inj Renal fxn tests ADRs are dose related and Avoid use in pxs allergic to peanut
(BAL in oil) poisoning (if started w/in 1-2 hrs) Mild As or Au poisoning: Urine pH (see include the ff: Pain at inj. site, oil.
Tx of acute Pb poisoning of 2.5 mg/kg 4 times daily for 2 days, 2 times daily on the 3rd day, then once daily comments) BP, tachycardia, nausea, Urinary alkalinization is
levels ≥ 70 mcg/dL when used w/ thereafter for 10 days vomiting, fever, headache, recommended because the BAL-
Ca EDTA Severe As or Au poisoning: restlessness, salivation, metal complex breaks down easily in
Not effective for chronic Hg 3 mg/kg q4h for 2 days, 4 times daily on the 3 rd day, then twice daily thereafter nephrotoxicity, and convulsions an acid medium. Alkaline urine
poisoning for 10 days (rarely) protects protects the kidneys during
Hg poisoning: therapy.
5 mg/kg initially, followed by 2.5 mg/kg 1-2 times/day for 10 days Do not use for alkyl organic Hg
Acute Pb encephalopathy: poisoning as it may actually worsen
4 mg/kg alone in the 1st dose and thereafter at 4hr intervals in combination w/ Ca nephrotoxicity.
EDTA administered at a separate site Use w/ caution in oxs w/ G6PD
Less severe Pb poisoning: deficiency as hemolysis may occur.
Dose can be to 3 mg/kg after the initial dose. Maintain tx for 2-7 days
depending on clinical response.
Children: 0.01 mg/kg IV; Give subsequent dose of 0.1 mg/kg IV if needed
Florida, Ajie C. | 2019
Octreolide Oral Sulfonylureas Hypoglycemia due to oral Adults: 50-100 mcg SC q6-12 hrs as needed until hypoglycemia resolves Serum glucose Flushing, edema, fatigue, Use in combination w/ dextrose.
(Sandosiatin) sulfonylurea ingestion Children: No pediatric dose available w/ this indication headache, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, pain at inj. site, weakness
Phentolamine Extravasation of Extravasation of vasoconstrictive Adults: 5-10 mg Routine labs Weakness, dizziness, Most effective if given w/in 12 hrs
(Regitine) vasoconstrictive agents (epinephrine) Children: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg (max of 10 mg) tachycardia, hypotension from the time of extravasation.
agents May be ineffective if given > 24 hrs
Dilute dose in 10-15 mL of NS. Infiltrate the extravasated area until the entire after.
site is infiltrated, including approx. 0.5 inches around the periphery.
Physostigmine Anticholinergic Reversal of severe effects Adults: 0.5-2 mg slowly IV (≤ 1 mg/min). May be repeated q10 mins until Routine labs Seizures, cholinergic crisis, Use very cautiously
agents (pronounced hallucinations and resolution of life threatening symptoms. bradyarrhythmias, asystole, Use only when px has central and
agitation, intractable seizures) Children: nausea, vomiting, salivation peripheral anticholinergic sx.
caused by anticholinergic agents. 0.02 mg/kg slowly IV (≤ 0.5 mg/min.). May repeat at 5-10 min intervas until Must be given slowly IV (over 5-10
Not to be used for tricyclic therapeutic effect or max dose of 2 mg is attained mins)
antidepressant poisoning.
May be given IM
Phytonadione Coumarin and Excessive anticoagulation induced Adults: PT Flusing, dizziness, altered taste Give IV only when other routes are
(Vit K1) idanedione by coumarin (warfarin) or SC: 5-10 mg; may be repeated in 6-8 hrs if needed PTT sensations, rapid and weak not feasible and the serious risk
indanedione derivatives PO: 10-25 mg/day INR pulse, profuse sweating, involved considered justified. (Max
IV: 10-50 mg (see comments) hypotension, dyspnea, cyanosis, infusion is 0.5-1 mg/min)
Children: pain at inj. site, anaphylactoid Onset of action is 1-2 hrs
SC: 1-5 mg; may be repeated in 6-8 hrs if needed rxn, IV administration has Not effective for anticoagulant
PO: 5-10 mg/day caused ventricular fibrillation and action heparin.
IV: 0.6 mg/kg (see comments) death.