International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 29 Number 2 - November 2015

A Review on Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Drilling

using Taguchi Method
Bhargab kalita
P.G. Student, Production & Industrial Engineering, Dept of ME, Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat, Assam,
India

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to make a review
on Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Drilling
Using Taguchi Method to get minimum surface
roughness. The settings of the parameter were
determined by using Taguchi’s orthogonal array.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), signal to noise
(S/N) ratio, regression analysis were employed to
find out the optimal value by studying the effects of
the cutting parameter.
Keywords — Taguchi method, Orthogonal array,
Anova, Signal to noise ratio, Regression analysis,
cutting parameters.
I. Introduction
Drilling is a machining process used to make hole
of circular cross section by using a drill bit. For
achieving good quality at low cost there is a strong
need of recognising the optimal cutting parameters.
Based on work piece material, tool material, tool
dimension and some other criteria, the cutting
parameters are selected for each process.
Parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth
of cut, cutting fluid, tool diameter can affect every
process .For designing high quality systems
efficiently and effectively the Taguchi method is
very commonly used in process optimization.
1.1 Taguchi Method
Taguchi method is a very simple and effective
methodology to obtain robust design which is
minimally affected by variation. Taguchi method
gained popularity in engineering and science
community as the user can apply with limited
knowledge of statistics for obtaining good quality
at low cost. Taguchi uses signal to noise (S/N) ratio
and orthogonal array to achieve optimal condition
of the process parameter. S/N ratio is divided into
three groups i.e. 1) Smaller the better, 2) Larger the
better, 3) Nominal the best type.

Select the Taguchi Technique Select signal and noise factors

Orthogonal array design

Find out optimal values Analyze the data using Conduct the experiment
S/N ratio

Confirmation test
Fig1: Taguchi’s method
1.2 Surface Roughness

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 29 Number 2 - November 2015
Surface Roughness is a measure of the surface
texture of a manufactured surface. It is the
fluctuation of the surface from a reference plane.
Low fluctuation from the reference line means low
roughness. Optimal settings of the cuttings
parameters are most important for obtaining low
surface roughness. Complete definition of a surface
includes Ra (Arithmetic Average Roughness), Rp
(Maximum Peak Height), Rv (Maximum Valley
Depth) and Rt (Maximum Peak-to-Valley
Roughness Height), Rz (average Rt over a given
length).
Fig2: General surface roughness curve
The above figure shows the roughness of the
machined surface. Average roughness value is
shown by mean line at every instantaneous point.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Yogendra Tyagi, Vedansh Chaturvedi, et al.
(2012) [1] investigated the effect of cutting
parameters spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut
for maximizing material removal rate and
minimizing surface roughness in drilling mild steel.
Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used. Results are
analyzed using Taguchi DOE software. They
concluded that spindle speeds affects most surface
roughness and feed rate largely affects Material
removal rate.
M Sundeep, M Sudhahar, et al. (2014) [2] have
done an experimental investigation on drilling of
Austenitic stainless Steel (AISI 316) using Taguchi
L9 array. Spindle seed, feed rate and drill diameter
was taken as process parameter. It was found that
spindle speed plays the most dominating role in
surface finish as well as Material removal rate in
drilling.
Kadam Shirish, M. G. Rathi (2013) [3] focused
on optimization of drilling parameters using the
Taguchi technique. L9 orthogonal array has been
used to drill on EN-24 steel blocks. Uncoated M32
HSS twist drill was used under dry condition.
Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of hole were
taken as process parameter. S/N ratio was
employed to get optimal control factors. They
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org
found that cutting speed was the main significant
factors on surface roughness and the tool life.
Turgay Kıvak , Gurcan Samtas, et al. (2012) [4]
investigated the effect of cutting parameters cutting
tool, cutting speed and feed rate on drilling of AISI
316 stainless steel. Experiments were done in CNC
vertical machine using Taguchi L16 orthogonal
array. Coated and uncoated M35 HSS twist drill bit
were used under dry condition for this purpose.
Analysis of variance was done to draw the effects
of the control factors. It was found that cutting tool
was the most significant factor on surface
roughness and feed rate was the most significant
factor on thrust force.
Adem Çiçek, Turgay Kıvak, et al. (2012) [5]
investigated the effect of deep cryogenic and
cutting parameters on surface roughness as well as
roundness error in drilling of AISI 316 austenitic
stainless. Cutting tools, cutting speeds and feed rate
was taken as control factors. M35 twist drill bit
were used for doing the experiment. L8 orthogonal
array was used and multiple regression analysis
was performed to find out predictive equation of
surface roughness. A confirmation experiment has
showed Taguchi method precisely optimized the
drilling Parameters in drilling AISI 316 steel.
A. Navanth, T. Karthikeya Sharma (2013) [6]
focused on optimization of drilling parameter for
minimum surface roughness and hole diameter by
using Taguchi methodology. Al 2014 material and
HSS twist drill bit has been taken for performing
experiment. L18 orthogonal array has been used
and the result obtained were analyzed in MINITAB
16 .Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to
find out the optimal factors from cutting tool,
spindle speed and feed rate. Optimal values are
spindle speed 300 rpm, point angle and helix angle
1300/200 and feed rate .15 mm/rev for minimum
roughness.
J.Pradeep Kumar, P.Packiaraj (2012) [7]
investigated the effect of cutting parameters such as
cutting speed, drill tool diameter feed and feed on
surface finish of OHNS material using HSS spiral
drill. L18 orthogonal array, S/N ratio, ANOVA and
Regression analysis has been employed to study the
effect of drilling parameters on surface roughness
value. Experimental data was analyzed using
MINITAB 13 and it was found that speed and feed
plays most dominating factors in surface
roughness, tool wear, material removal rate.
Reddy Sreenivasulu (2014) [8] focused on
optimization of surface roughness in drilling of Al
6061 using Taguchi design method and artificial
neural network method. Cutting speed, feed rate,
drill diameter, clearance angle and point angle were
taken as cutting parameters and HSS twist drill bit
as a tool. L27 orthogonal array, ANOVA, S/N ratio
were employed to study the effects of the control
factors. ANOVA analysis showed cutting speed,
feed rate, drill diameter, clearance angle and point
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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 29 Number 2 - November 2015
angle all were significant on surface roughness.
The paper shows Optimal settings for roughness
are speed 800 rpm, feed rate .3 mm/rev , drill dia
10 mm, point angle 1180, clearance angle 40.
B.Shivapragash, K.Chandrasekaran, et al.
(2013) [9] studied optimization of the process
parameters spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut to
investigate their influence in drilling composite
Al-TiBr2. Taguchi method with grey relational
analysis were used to optimize the factors. L9
orthogonal array has been used and optimal settings
found for better surface finish were spindle speed
(1000 rpm), feed rate (1.5 mm/rev), depth of cut 6
mm.
Nalawade P.S. and Shinde S.S. (2015) [10]
optimizes the cutting parameters speed, depth of
cut, feed and type of tool to get better Surface
Finish and Hole Accuracy in dry Drilling of EN-31
material. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array , S/N ratio,
ANOVA, Regression analysis were done to find
out the optimal settings. Optimal settings for
surface roughness were Cutting speed (30 m /min),
feed (.2 mm/min), type of tool (HSS uncoated).
Sathish Rao U And Lewlyn .L.R. Rodrigues
(2014) [11] have made an attempt to study the
effect of spindle speed, feed rate, drill diameter,
fibre orientation on tool wear during drilling GFRP
components in dry condition. HSS drill bit was
used for the experiment. Taguchi L9 orthogonal
array has been used. S/N ratio, ANOVA, regression
analysis was used to find out the optimal settings. It
has been found that speed, feed rate , drill diameter
has significant effect on tool wear.
Nisha Tamta, R S Jadoun (2015) [12] analyzed
the effect of spindle speed, feed rate, drilling depth
on drilling Aluminium alloy 6082 with the help of
CNC machine. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was
used to perform the experiment. Signal to noise
ratio (S/N), analysis of variance (ANOVA) were
used to analyze the effects drilling parameters on
surface roughness. For analyzing statistical
software MINITAB-15 has been used. It has been
found that spindle speed 3000 rpm, feed rate 15
mm/min, drilling depth 9 mm were the optimum
value. According to the paper drilling depth was
TABLE 1: SUMMERY OF LITERATURE SURVEY
Referenc Year Author’s Workpiece
e No Name Material
1 2012 Yogendra Mild steel
Tyagi,
Vedansh
Chaturvedi, et
al.
2 2014 M Sundeep, AISI 316
M Sudhahar,
et al.
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org
the most significant factor for surface roughness
followed by spindle speed.
Srinivasa Reddy, S. Suresh, et al. (2014) [13]
investigated the impact of cutting parameters such
as cutting speed, point angle and feed rate on
surface roughness in drilling of AL 6463 material.
HSS drill bit was used and the experiment was
done in CNC drilling machine using Taguchi L9
orthogonal array. Signal to noise ratio (S/N),
analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been employed
to find out the optimal drilling parameter. It was
found that Cutting speed, feed rate and point angle
plays significant role on surface roughness during
drilling operation of AL 6463 material.
Arshad Noor Siddiquee, Zahid A. Khan, et al.
(2014) [14] focused on optimizing drilling
parameters such as cutting fluid, speed, feed and
hole depth in drilling AISI 312 material.
Experiments were done in CNC lathe machine
using solid carbide cutting tool. Taguchi L18
orthogonal array has been used for the experiment.
Signal to noise ratio (S/N), analysis of variance
(ANOVA) were used to find out the effects of
cutting parameters on surface roughness. It has
been found that in presence of cutting fluid, speed
500 rpm, feed .04 mm/sec, hole depth 25 mm were
the optimum value for surface roughness. Anova
analysis showed that speed was the most significant
factor followed by cutting fluid, feed and hole
depth for surface roughness value.
Vishwajeet N. Rane, Ajinkya P.Edlabadkar, et
al. (2015) [15] focused in optimizing drilling
parameters such as cutting speed, feed and point
angle for resharpened HSS twist drill bit on
hardened boron steel using Taguchi method. L16
orthogonal array has been used to perform the
experiment in a double spindle drilling machine
.Analysis of variance was employed to find out
effects of control factors on surface roughness. It
was found that point angle was the main significant
factor for tool wear and feed rate for surface
roughness.
Input Method Output Most
Parameter used Parameter Significant
Spindle speed, Taguchi Surface Spindle speed,
Feed rate, Method roughness , Feed rate
Depth of cut Material
removal rate
Spindle seed, Taguchi Surface Spindle speed
Drill diameter, Method roughness ,
Feed rate Material
removal rate,
Thrust force
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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 29 Number 2 - November 2015

3 2013 Kadam EN 24 Cutting speed, Taguchi Surface Cutting Speed

Shirish, M. G. Feed rate, Method roughness,
Rathi Depth of hole Tool life,
Thrust force
4 2012 Turgay Kıvak AISI 316 Cutting tool, Taguchi Surface Cutting tool,
, Gurcan Cutting speed, Method roughness, Feed rate
Samtas, et al Feed rate Thrust force.

5 2012 Adem Çiçek , AISI 316 Cutting tools, Taguchi Surface Cutting speed,
Turgay Kıvak, Cutting Method roughness, Feed rate
et al. speeds, Feed Roundness
rate error
6 2013 A. Navanth, T. Al 2014 Cutting tools, Taguchi Surface Spindle
Karthikeya Spindle Method roughness, speeds(300 rpm
Sharma speeds, Feed Hole diameter optimum), Feed
rate rate(.15 mm/rev
optimum)
7 2012 J.Pradeep OHNS Cutting speed, Taguchi Surface Speed, Feed
Kumar, feed, Drill tool method roughness,
P.Packiaraj diameter Tool wear,
Material
removal rate
8 2014 Reddy Al 6061 Cutting speed, Taguchi Surface Cutting speed,
Sreenivasulu Feed rate, design roughness Feed rate, Drill
Drill diameter, method, diameter,
Point angle Artificial
and Clearance neural
angle network
method.
9 2013 B.Shivapragas MMC Al-TiBr2 Spindle speed, Taguchi Surface finish Spindle speed,
h, Feed rate, method, Feed rate
K.Chandrasek Depth of cut Grey
aran, et al Relational
Analysis
10 2015 Nalawade P.S. EN-31 Speed, Depth Taguchi Surface Speed, Feed,
and Shinde of cut, Feed, Method Finish, Hole Type Of Tool,
S.S. Type of tool Accuracy Drill Depth
11 2014 Sathish Rao GFRP Spindle speed, Taguchi Tool wear Cutting speed,
U, Lewlyn Drill diameter, method Feed rate, Drill
.L.R. Feed rate, diameter
Rodrigues Fibre
orientation
12 2015 Nisha Tamta1, Aluminium Spindle speed, Taguchi Surface Drilling depth,
R S Jadoun alloy 6082 Feed rate, method roughness Spindle speed
Drilling depth
13 2014 Srinivasa AL 6463 Cutting speed, Taguchi Surface Spindle speed,
Reddy, S. Feed rate, method roughness Feed rate, Point
Suresh, et al Point angle angle
14 2014 Arshad Noor AISI 312 Cutting fluid, Taguchi Surface Speed, Cutting
Siddiquee, Speed, Feed, method roughness fluid, Feed,
Zahid A. Hole depth Hole depth
Khan, et al
15 2015 Vishwajeet N. Harden Boron Cutting speed, Taguchi Tool life, Point angle,
Rane, Ajinkya steel Feed, Point method Surface Feed rate
P.Edlabadkar, angle roughness
et al

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 29 Number 2 - November 2015

III. CONCLUSION International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology

From the literature survey we observed that many
researchers took input parameters : cutting speed,
feed rate and depth of cut and few took input
parameter: Cutting fluid, drill tool diameter, cutting
tools, point angle, clearance angle, type of tool and
output parameters were taken : surface roughness,
material removal rate (MRR), Thrust force, tool
wear, Hole diameter, Hole Accuracy, Roundness
error. It is found that for surface roughness the
most significant parameters are speed, feed and
drill diameter, cutting fluids and least dominant
parameter is DOC.
(IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 2, February – 2014 ISSN: 2278-0181.
[14] Arshad Noor Siddiquee, Zahid A. Khan, Pankul Goel,
Mukesh Kumar, Gaurav Agarwal, Noor Zaman Khan,
―Optimization of Deep Drilling Process Parameters of AISI 321
Steel using Taguchi Method‖, Available online at
www.sciencedirect.com,(2014).
[15] Vishwajeet N. Rane, Prof.Ajinkya P.Edlabadkar,
Prof.Prashant D.Kamble & Dr.Sharad S.Chaudhari,
―Optimization of process parameters for resharpened HSS drill
Using Taguchi Methods‖, International Journal On Engineering
Technology and Sciences – IJETSISSN (P): 2349-3968, ISSN
(O): 2349-3976 Volume 2 Issue 3, March – 2015.

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