SLUM RECLOCATION

Presented by:
-SHRIYAM SHUKLA
-SIBANI BHAGOTRA
-SIDDHARTH VERMA
-SIMRAN DHARIWAL
-SMRITI TANGRI
-SUMIRAN SETHIA
 WHAT IS SLUM RELOCATION?
Slum relocation strategies rely on removing the slums and relocating the slum poor to free semi-rural
peripheries of cities, sometimes in free housing.

This strategy ignores several dimensions of a slum life.

• The strategy sees slum as merely a place where the poor lives.
• In reality, slums are often integrated with every aspect of a slum resident's life, including sources of
employment, distance from work and social life. Slum relocation that displaces the poor from opportunities
to earn a livelihood, generates economic insecurity in the poor. In some cases, the slum residents oppose
relocation even if the replacement land and housing to the outskirts of cities is free and of better
quality than their current house.
 SLUM CLEARANCE
Even after taking precautions if the slums develop. Then there emerges only one option for authorities and
that is slum clearance. The process of slum clearance is done with two basic methods.
1. Improvement Method
2. Complete Removal Method.
SLUM CLEARANCE BY COMPLETE REMOVAL OR SLUM RELOCATION
• Care should be taken to keep the density within amenities such as water supply, drainage, sanitary
arrangements, electricity, gas etc.
• Lastly the legal aspects of this scheme while shifting the population should also receive due attention.
• The legal aspect include publication of the slum clearance scheme; acquiring the land, paying
compensation The slum eradication by this method proves to be very costly, but it is certainly worth-while to
bear it in the interest of the community of the city.
• In this method area may be completely cleared out of the existing locality.
• In this case only such buildings which are really in good condition are retained and all other dilapidated
structures are pulled down.
• Transit Camps in the form of temporary buildings near the slum areas should be constructed to
accommodate those displaced in the process of slum clearance.
• Any stinking factory that occurs in slum areas may be shifted to some other more suitable place.
• The areas thus cleared up may be used as open spaces and as sites for new buildings; part of it may also be
used for widening the streets.
The habitants of Thideerkuppam, a slum
located on the banks of Adyar River Have
been re-located to Perumbakkam
removing their houses as they were
Affected during floods.
 THIDEERKUPAM SLUM , CHENNAI

Relocated by the Tamil Nadu Slum

Clearance Board (TNSCB)
Thideerkupam slums where shifted
in Perumbakkam
For the estimated number of 7600
families in Perumbakkam,

AFTER EFFECTS
The slums where shifted from the
city centre to the outside resulted
in failure
According to a report by the Information and Resource Centre for the
Deprived Urban Communities (IRCDUC) and the Housing Land Rights Network
(HLRN), 15% of men and 19% of women have been rendered jobless after the
displacement. Before being displaced to Perumbakkam, almost all the women
were employed as domestic workers, housekeepers, cooks and saleswomen.
They could take care of their families and still travel a few kilometres to their
workplace. They managed to survive even if the husbands sometimes don’t
earn. But now, the women are not able to step out of their houses.
RELOCATION OF SLUM:
A case study of West Zone of
SURAT City

Aim:
To relocate the slums of west
zone and make it slum free.

Objective:
•To study the existing scenario
and social economics of slums

•To evolve a suitable shelter

strategy model for the
relocation slum dwellers.

•To relocate the slums at

appropriate place from
municipal reserve land and
develop affordable housing
proposal.
Slum Scenario of Surat city
•The city of Surat in Gujarat is known for its textile trade and textile
industries, diamond cutting, polishing industries, jari industries,
mega fertilizer plant, petroleum and chemical engineering
industries and more importantly since 1994 for the outbreak of
Plague and is today known for its strength to convert its adversity
into advantage.
•The outbreak of pneumonic plague in Surat during September
1994 created worldwide panic and severely affected the city as
well as the entire nation’s economy. About 60% of the population
fled the city and the industry suffered an estimated loss of Rs. 12
billion.
•Though the disease was controlled within a week, it raised many
serious issues of public health and the capacity of the local
government to manage the city.
Slums survey and analysis
◦ The survey of the slum dwellers was conducted by
considering the following important variables,
such as, income, occupation, size of family, place
of origin, period of stay as slum dwellers, reason
for migration, agree to move , saving,
remittances, total monthly expenditure, etc.
1. Migration: The observation could be made from
the survey is that the major reason for increasing
slum population is migrated from the other states
for better employment opportunities.
From the survey Maharashtra is having maximum
percentage of migrant population around 36%.
Uttar Pradesh(17%) and Orissa(16%) are also
major states for creating slums in Surat city.
2. Slum dweller stay period
People from the most backward states of India migrated mostly to Surat city. It
clearly shows that socio-economic evils pushed the people from the rural
system to go out and they land up in the urban system during the last 10
years. The persons who are staying in the particular area since many years
just for better employment opportunity which are nearby their home so that
they can easily go there without any problem.

Housing Strategies for slum Dwellers:

◦ Building cost-effective housing is a challenging move for developers. There
are mainly four housing models in its study of low-income housing solutions in
India:
1. Slum Rehabilitation: Incremental housing in existing slums or moved to
another place for better infrastructure
2. In Situ Redevelopment: Slum dwellers in new housing units on existing land
where slum already exist
3. New Housing: Building of housing units affordable to low income households
4. Renting Model (emerging): Building of housing units where a minimum of
40% will be reserved for low income household
Planning Proposal: A Housing for the Urban Poor
◦ Low Rise Apartment
In this proposal, low rise (G+3) is provided on the S.M.C. reserve Plot
for E.W.S. for different five slum pockets. Low rises are provided
where the huge number of slum dwellers is living on slum pockets.
There are total 1344 households (slum dwellers) living on the different
five slum pocket. In this proposal total 42 low rise buildings (G+3) are
provided with public amenities, recreational area and 9 m wide
internal roads. In the public amenities, 2 number of Anganwadi,
one shopping complex and one police station is provided. In low
rise building there are total 8 units on each floor so 32 units are in
one building.
◦ The following infrastructure facilities are divided into two parts:
Physical infrastructure and Social infrastructure. In this proposal
following physical infrastructure facilities proposed are:
1. Drainage: Underground R.C.C. pipe drain of 250mm diameter.
Location of manholes at 30 m distance. The connection will be
made in existing SMC trunk line.
2. Water Supply: Underground pipe line of minimum 150 mm will
be laid & connected with SMC main trunk line.
3. Streetlight: 6 m G.I. pipe poles at 20 m distance will be laid with tube light fittings.
4. Roads: All internal roads of 9 m width will be constructed with residential street type design.
5. Pavement: All surrounding areas will be made Pucca by paver block.
6. Solid waste collection: In this door to door collection of garbage will be provided for the slum dwellers.
Social Infrastructure like Aaganwadis,Dispensary,Library,Vegetable Market, Hawkers Space, Children’s play area,
Shopping Centre are provided in proposed Site.
It will include following material:
◦ Fly ash brick
◦ Earth quake proof design
◦ R.C.C. frame for doors
◦ Mosaic tiles
It also focus on:
•House will be nearby their work place
◦ Kota platform
•They will be provided transportation facilities
◦ Brick bat sitting •EMI will be less as possible as govt can do
◦ Distemper white colour on walls
◦ Nominal plumbing
◦ Sand faced plaster on outer wall
◦ P.V.C. doors for toilets & flush doors for other
◦ Under Ground & Over Head tanks with pump
◦ Internal 12mm smooth lime plaster.
 CONCLUSION
SMC has carried out relocation of slum settlement. There were two schemes ”by site and service
schemes” and “built house approach”
In built house approach, two types of slum dwellers categories were there.
1. EWS Housing
2. BPL housing
SMC relocated 11,000 slum household under site and service scheme.
3000 more slum households under EWS housing.
◦ Under VAMBAY housing scheme, 2257 houses construction were completed in May, 2005 and
provided to BPL people. SMC has a vision of “Zero slum” by 2021.
 CASE STUDY – FAVELA , BRAZIL
A favela is a unique, low and middle-income, and unregulated neighborhood in brazil that has experienced historical governmental
neglect. The first favela, now known as providência in the center of rio de janeiro, appeared in the late 19th century, built by soldiers who
had nowhere to live following the canudos war. Some of the first settlements were called bairros africanos . over the years, many
former enslaved africans moved in. Even before the first favela came into being, poor citizens were pushed away from the city and
forced to live in the far suburbs. However, most modern favelas appeared in the 1970s due to rural exodus, when many people left rural
areas of brazil and moved to cities. Unable to find places to live, many people found themselves in favelas.census data released in
december 2011 by the brazilian institute of geography and statistics (IBGE) showed that in 2010, about 6 percent of the brazilian
population lived in slums.

PRESENT SCENARIO -
While there are rio favelas which are still essentially ruled by drug traffickers or by organized crime groups called militias (militias), all of the
favelas in rio's south zone and key favelas in the north zone are now managed by pacifying police units, known as upps. While drug dealing,
sporadic gun fights, and residual control from drug lords remain in certain areas, rio's political leaders point out that the UPP is a new
paradigm after decades without a government presence in these areas.
Most of the current favelas really expanded in the 1970s, as a construction boom in the more affluent districts of rio de janeiro initiated
a rural exodus of workers from poorer states in brazil. Since then, favelas have been created under different terms but with similar end
results.
Communities form in favelas over time and often develop an array of social and religious organizations and forming associations to obtain
such services as running water and electricity. Sometimes the residents manage to gain title to the land and then are able to improve their
homes. Because of crowding, unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition and pollution, disease is rampant in the poorer favelas and infant
mortality rates are high.
Those favelas which are situated on hillsides are often at risk from flooding and landslides.
Also the government some how decided to rebuilt all favela’s and provide three storey apartment to the user but soon seeing the condition Service in Favela (Census 2010) Percent[13][14]
and Need of houses this policy was not able to continue
Sanitation 67.3

TYPES OF FAVELA Water

Electricity
88.3
99.7
Garbage collection 95.4
Favelas located in the south zone have the best chance of finding work.
People in Favela Population
This is due to the infrastructure of the wealthy and their need for people to complete odd jobs. Many times these jobs can lead into the
Favela residents of Brazil's
position of housekeeper, nanny or groundskeeper for the wealthy residents. 11,400,000 (6)
population
Demographics in Favela Proportion[15]
Pardo or black 68.4
Illiteracy 8.4
CASE STUDY – FAVELA , BRAZIL
IMPACT OF FAVELA ON SOCIETY AND CULTURE
Drugs in the favelas

The cocaine trade has affected Brazil and in turn its favelas, which tend to be ruled by drug lords. Regular shoot-outs between traffickers and police and other criminals, as well as assorted illegal activities,
lead to murder rates in excess of 40 per 100,000 inhabitants in the city of Rio and much higher rates in some Rio favelas. Traffickers ensure that individual residents can guarantee their own safety through
their actions and political connections to them. They do this by maintaining order in the favela and giving and receiving reciprocity and respect, thus creating an environment in which critical segments of
the local population feel safe despite continuing high levels of violence.

Growth and removal of the favelas

Despite the attempts to cleanse Brazil's major cities like Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo of favelas, the poor population grew at a rapid pace as well as the modern favelas that house them in the end of last
century. This is a phenomenon called "favelização" ("favela growth" or "favelisation"). In 1969, there were approximately 300 favelas in Rio de Janeiro; today there are twice as many.

Religion

A number of religious traditions exist in the favelas. Historically, Catholicism was the most prominent religion of the area, but over the past few decades there has been a shift toward Evangelicalism,
including Pentecostalism. While there has been an increase in the number of converts to Evangelicalism, there are also an increasing number of people who claim to be non-religious

Music

Popular types of music in favelas include funk, hip-hop, and Samba.[26] Recently, funk carioca, a type of music popularized in the favelas has also become popular in other parts of the world.[27] This type of
music often features samples from other songs. Popular funk artists include MC Naldo and Buchecha Bails funk are forms of dance parties that play this type of funk music and were popularized in
favelas. Popular hip hop artist MV Bill is from Cidade de Deus in Rio de Janeiro.

POPE FRANCIS VISITS A FAVELA DURING TO PROVIDE THE SECURITY IN SUCH PLACES FOR
YOUTH DAY CONTROLLING THE PEOPLE ACTIVITY .
ROCINHA
Rocinha ( little farm) is the largest favela in Brazil, located in Rio de Janeiro's South Zone between the districts of São
Conrado and Gávea. Rocinha is built on a steep hillside overlooking Rio de Janeiro, and is located about one kilometer from a nearby
beach. Most of the favela is on a very steep hill, with many trees surrounding it. Almost 100,000 (census state government) people live
in Rocinha, making it the most populous favela in Brazil[3] and ninth most populous living area in the world.
Although Rocinha is officially classified as a neighborhood, many still refer to it as a favela. It developed from a shanty town into an
urbanized slum. Today, almost all the houses in Rocinha are made from concrete and brick. Some buildings are three and four stories
tall and almost all houses have basic sanitation, plumbing and electricity. Compared to simple shanty towns or slums, Rocinha has a
better developed infrastructure and hundreds of businesses such as banks, medicine stores, bus routes, cable television, including
locally based channel TV ROC (TV Rocinha ), and, at one time, a McDonald's franchise. These factors help classify Rocinha as
a favela bairro, or favela neighborhood.

COMMUNITY
Country Brazil
There are a number of community organizations at work in Rocinha, including neighbourhood
associations and numerous NGOs and non-profit educational and cultural institutions.[5][6] Rocinha is
State Rio de Janeiro (RJ)
home to most of the service workers in Zona Sul (the South Zone of Rio).
In recent years, due to its relative safety in comparison to other favelas, Rocinha has developed tourism-
Municipality/City Rio de Janeiro
oriented activities such as hostels, nightclubs and guided tours. In September 2017, between 150 and
600 tourists were estimated to visit the slum per day, despite foreign governments' and the Rio police's
safety warnings recommending against it. In October 2017, a Spanish tourist died after being shot by the
police while visiting Rocinha during a turf war. Zone South Zone
The slum is controlled by Amigos dos Amigos, although it is often caught in violent disputes among (and
within) different criminal organizations. Administrative Region Rocinha
Police and military operations
In November 2011, a security operation was undertaken where hundreds of police and military patrolled Area
the streets of Rocinha to crack down on rampant drug dealers and bring government control to the
neighbourhood. • Total 143.72 ha
In December 2017, drug kingpin Rogério da Silva, known as Rogério 157, was arrested in Rocinha, in an (355.14 acres)
operation involving 3,000 members of the Brazilian military and police forces. Rogério was wanted on
[1]
charges of homicide, extortion, and drug trafficking.[11][12] Population (2017)
Rocinha is the largest favela in Brazil and one of the most developed.Rocinha's population was estimated
at between 150,000 and 300,000 inhabitants during the 2000s;but the IBGE Census of 2010 counted only • Total 100.000
69,161 people. In 2017, The Economist reported a population of 100,000 in an area of 1 km² (250 acres).
2
• Density 70/km (180/sq mi)
THANKYOU