' a ion.
~· In Another member of the Inter-
by Steve Lonr
Are the assassination cases
of John F. Kennedy and Robert
F. Kennedy about to crack wide
open? A rapid series of sensa-
tional developments in recent
weeks indicates that this may,
in fact, be occuring.
The CIA has recently been
linked to the assassination of
President Kennedy by three in-
dependent authors and assassina-
tion re.searchers, and a myster-
ious private detective firm based
in the Carribean has also implied
that the CIA and/or the FBI were
involved. And just this week, a
Los Angeles group alleged that
the CIA was involved in a cover
up of the investigation of Sena-
tor Robert F. Kennedy's assas-
sination.
Another indication that the JFK
case may be opening up is that a
new official "fall back" cover
story of the JFK assassination
seems to be developing. Reali-
zing that the "lone assassin"
(Oswald) theory of the Warren
Commission Report is beingdis-
credited, government sources
appear to be developing a new
cover story -- that JFK was
assassinated on Fidel Castro's
order in retaliation forCIA mur-
der·plots against Castro.
Former President Lyndon B.
Johnson suggested that Castro
may have been involved in sev-
eral interviews, including one
with Walter Cronkite of C~
News, within a year of leaving
office. More recently, Senator
Richard Schweiker (R-Pa.) sug-
gested on Sunday .on "Face the
Nation" that "the political mo-
to provide its investigative ser-
national Anti..-Communist Bri- vices -- free -- to a local grand
gade was Loran Hall. Hall is jury investigating charges that
named as a member of the sni- Southwestern Bell telephone
per team that killed President company con duded massive
Kennedy by Tennessee author wiretapping over se' ~ral years.
William Morris. The firm claims that, after a
Morris claims he has talked two year investigation, it can
to a former CIA operative, who prove the following allegations:
said that the JFK assassination *"Certain Federal agencies"
was planned and carried out by were involved in the assassina-
elements of the CIA and the tion conspiracy;
Mafia, and financed by wealthy •os wald did not shoot Kennedy;
.tivation" for the JFK assassina- Angel Castillo was arrested by rightwing interests. The former and
tion may have been a desire for the Philippine pol ice for alleged- CIA operative, who is not iden- •new unpublished facts will
revenge and retaliation by Castro. ly plotting to kill President Mar- tified, told Morris that 10 men demonstrate conclusively that the
Let's examine the new evidence cos of the Philippines. attended a meeting in Mexico so-called "single bullet theory"
of CIA complicity in the assassi- Castillo was questioned under City on September 18, 1963, (Kennedy and Connally were shot
nations of the Kennedy brothers. sodium penethol (''truth serum") where the assassination of Presi- by the same bullet) is incorrect.
and hypnosis by a trained hypno- dent Kennedy was discussed. The CIA has also recently been
A veteran and widely respected tist. He told a tale of being taken Among those present at the linked to the Senator Robert F.
assassination researcher, Rich- to a building in Dallas, possibly meeting were Lee Harvey Os- Kennedy assassination case. A
ard Popkind, says he has eden- the Daltex building, on the day wald, Clay Shaw, David Ferrie, Los Angeles group, the Cam-
s ive documentation which proves that Kennedy was shot. Castillo Loran Hall, Eugene Hale Brad- paign for Democratic Freedoms,
that the CIA was involved in the described in some detail the ing, and Elaido del Valle. Two alleges that the CIA trained the
assassination of President John room to which he was taken by or three plans to kill JFK in top two investigators working
F. Kennedy. Popkindcharges that his CIA control agent, how he either Mexico City or Miami with the Los Angeles Police De-
CIA operatives used sophistica- was handed a rifle assembled had also been discussed at the partment's investigation of the
ted behavioral modification tech- from components hidden in a Mexico City meeting. RFK murder.
niques to program the actual bowlinir bair. and instructed to The former CIA operative Los Angeles police records
assassins to act "like Manchu- fire at a man in an open car sit- named Hall and de Valle as mem- show that the two investigators,
rian candidates" to kill JFK. ting next to a woman. (He did not bers of the sniper team that Manuel Pena and Lieutenant En-
Popkind, who is a philosophy know it was the President.) killed the President, and said rique Hernandez, were specifi-
professor at Washington Univer- that the operation' s "field mar- cally in charge of tracking down
sity in St. Louis, published The But before Castillo had a chan- shal!" was Brading. Eugene Hale leads of a possible conspiracy
Second Oswald in 1966. The book ce to shoot, other assassins in Brading was arrested in Dallas in the case. But the Campaign
contained the first reports that other locations had already fa- under the name of "Jim Braden," for Democratic Freedoms, which
someone had been impersonating tally shot JFK. Castillo's control and he has long been of interest is led by Executive Action author
Oswald (Attorney Bernard Fen- agent ordered him to leave, and to assassination researchers. A Donald Freed, alleges that the
sterwald recently published an after disassembling the rifle and central figure in Peter Noyes' two CIA-trained officers may
article in The New York Review stuffing it in the bowling bag, Leracy of Doubt, Brading has have been assigned to the case
of Books which reported that ,he was bustled away in a car that m any documented underworld to "cover up" evidence leading
U.S. government intelligence a- stopped twice within blocks of CO"!nections, and was also a char- to a conspiracy.
gents photographed an Oswald Dealey Plaza, the assassination ter member of the posh La Costa Important evidence is missing
impersonator entering the Soviet site, to pick up other men. Country Club, near San Clemente, in the RFK case, just as it is in
embassy in Mexico City shortly a meeting place for many of the the JFK assassination ca s e ,
before the Kennedy assassina- Assassination researcher A. Watergate conspirators. Brading (Where is the President's brain?).
tion.) J. Weberman said in a telephone was present in Los Angeles at Skeptics ask what became of the
interview that the Philippine in- the time of Robert F. Kennedy's missing left sleeve of Senator
Popkind predicts his evidence telligence agency alsoquestioned assassination. Kennedy's coat, and many spec-
"will crack ·the case wide open." a man named Larry Truckman Still another claim that the ulate that it contained bullet holes
The professor says he has ob- in 1971. Under truth serum, JFK assassination case has been proving there was more than
tained thousands of pages of tran- Truckman confessed to being part solved has been made recently one assassin.
scripts of· 90 hours of interro- of a group of Cuban and Ameri- by a bizarre private detective (Note: Sources for this article
gation of one of the alleged as- can mercenaries trained in Flo- firm, Security Associates Inter- included The Loa Aarelea Times,
sassins. The interrogation, which rida, known as the International national, which has its headquar- Tbe National Tatter, z.odiac News
was conducted over a three month Anti-Communist Brigade, led by ters "somewhere in the Can:i- Service, Pacific News Serv~ce,
period in 1967 by the Philippine Frank Fiorini, one of the Water- bcan," and whose personnel in- and .4,J. Weberman. Special
National Bureau of Investigation, gate burrtars. Weberman says clude many "ex"-CIA agents. thanks to David McQueen and
occurred after a man named Luis that the Brigade was a CIA oper- The firm recently opened a Paul Krassner.)
 COUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA: The
CIA and the Assassination of John F.
Kennedy. By Michael Canfield and
Alan J. Weberman. Third Press. 340
pp. $11.95.
'kl or even five years ago such a ti-
tle woultt bave been dismissed as the
prattling of a fevered .PPegination. But
after Watergate and the recent revela-
tions concerning the CIA you begin to
wonder. Some Americans have alwa~
bad doubts about the Warren Commis-
sion's finding that Lee Harvey Oswald
was solely responsible for the assassina-
tion. Books have been published postu-
lating various conspiracy theories. This
book tenders the most bizarre theory of
all, to wit, that the CIA planned the
president's assassination because be
had agreed to stop the anti~astro oper-
ations of Cuban exiles and that Oswald
bad been chosen "to play the patsy" in
the killing.
Of all the conspiracy theories advanced
since 1963 <and I have read half a dozen
books on the subject) this is surely the most
grotesque. The authors, two young research-
ers with some journalistic experience, have • • . Raising uneasy questions
exhumed a bookful of evidence and argu-
ment-some of it plausible, much of it
not-to support their theory.
Why, you ask, would tbe CIA want to kill semblance to Howard Hunt and Frank A. elaborate steps he initiated to secure factual
its own president at the urging of Cuban ex- Sturgis, the convicted Watergate burglars. backing for the authors' allegations wherev-
iles angered over the Bay of Pigs? Their an- Acetate overlays of known pictures of these er possible. Inured as we now are to "dirty
-:wer is that it was more than the Cubans two men are inserted in the book for com- tricks" in the highest places, it will nonethe-
who were involved. Also in the plot were parison with pictures of two of the less require more persuasive testimony than
the Mafia, whose profitable operations in "tramps." There is some resemblance, but here adduced to convince me that the CIA
no more. set up the assassination of the president in
Cuba had been ended by Castro and who re-
cooperation with the Mafia and then had
sen ted the president's acceptance of a the "hit" man killed in a Texas jail in full
hands--Off policy vis-a-vis Cuba after the Mis- Historical a'IS3s.sinations invariably inspire view of millions of television viewers.
sile Crisis. conspiracy theories, and none more so than
Curiouser and curiouser. By 1963, the au- that of President Kennedy. The authors
thors aver, the president's murder was maintain that Oswald was killed by Jack And yet . . . Why was Mafia mobster Sam
being planned by experts within the CIA. Ruby because "dead patsys don't talk," Giancana recently riddled with bullets in a
"He had alienated the most reactionary and then go on to quote the words of a Los An· Chicago gangland killing a few days before
powerful elements in American society-the geles police informer that "a faction of Nix- be was due to testify before the Church Sen-
CIA, the Foreign Policy Establishment, the on's secret police may have been planning ate Committee investigating the CIA's
Joint Chiefs of Staff, the gangsters whose to tum America into an outright military domestic operations? Was it a simple set-
Cuban holdings bad been nationalized by dictatorship." Watergate stymied "the final tling of local accounts-or did be know too
Castro, and the dispossessed exiles." phase of the coup d'etat" touch about matters that ate better not spo-
ken about? The uneas~n abides.
This particular conspiracy rests in part on
the photographs of the three "tramps'' The publisher, Joseph Okpaku, aware of
picked up near the scene of the assassina- the sensational character of these allega-
tion. Canfield and Webenna.o contend that tions, has written a long and temperate in-
lwo of the "tram~s" bear a marked re- troductory note in which he outlines the Mr. Barkham runs a book review service.

\\'ttltltS
DID CIA KILL KENNEDY?
For the second time this year
we've been handed the bitter
c up of controversy. The new
conspiracy report is Coup d Etat
0
in America. The CIA and the As-
sassination of John F. Kennedy
by Michael Canfield and Alan J .
Weberman, with a foreword by
Congressman Henry B. Gonza-
lez (Third Press. $11 .95) . It fol-
lows on the heels of George
O'Toole's explosive evidence of
Lee Harvey Oswatd·s innocence
and frame-up, The Assassina-
tion Tapes. This new book claims
that CIA men killed Kennedy and
framed their own agent Oswald
for the murder.
Once you open the door to the
thought of conspiracy, clues fly
in from all directions. The major
theories now are conspiracy of
the Right, of the Left , of the
Mafia, and within the govern-
ment itself. The last is clearly the
scariest of all. If the Intelligence
Community 1s truly a Praetorian
Guard that can, as in the Roman
Empire, make and unmake gov-
ernments, we are living the de-
cline and fall of America. Can-
field and Weberman see the as-
sassination as nothing less than
such a coup d'etat.
It was America·s best-known
consp i racy. Watergate , that
sparked their energetic investi-
gation of the Oswald case. The
suspicions it aroused led to the
discovery that Watergaters E.
Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis,
both ex-CIA, resembled two of
the three " t ramps·· who were
picked up at the scene of the
Kennedy assassination and re-
leased on the FBI s say, without
police questioning. The book
diligently pursues links between
Hunt and Oswald. Sturgis him-
self revealed to the authors the
existence of Operation Forty, an
assassination section within the
CIA.
The authors feel their great
achievement was to uncover a
motive for a conspiracy to kill
Kennedy This is difficult; Ken-
nedy made enemies, but he was
no extremist in any direction.
Canfield and Weberman start
from the fact that everyone
known to be involved-certainly
Oswald and Ruby, and everyone
they suspect, certainly many CIA
people including Watergaters.
and certainly the underworld-
all were keyed into the intense
clandestine struggle over Cuba.
The turning point in this under-
ground war was. of course. the
Bay of Pigs fiasco. Canfield and
Weberman believe Kennedy
signed his death warrant when
he refused to order a second air
strike, and thus exposed the
CIA s invaders to massacre on
the beach.
The flaw In this seems appar- o::
ent to me in the second sentence ::i
of "The Theory." " By 1963 Ken- Was Lee Harvey Oswald an agent for the CIA?
nedy's murder was being
planned by assassination ex- RECYCLING INFORMATION animal kingdom ; Arthur D Little
perts within the Central Intelli- The Whole Earth Catalogue was made a silken purse (well, s1lk-
gence Agency. Orders had come somewhat puritamcal when it like) from sows' ears because he
down from upstairs that Ken- came to sex; the topic barely was irritated by Sha.kes ~arP
nedy must d ie... .' Where Is graced its voluminous pages. To slur on the hrr 1 • of et:t·
·· upstairs" ? Upstairs should be rectify the omission, Bernhardt The authors suggest olhe s
the White House. J. Hurwood (The Bisexuals) has for their boo~. Stab blfndly at
Sure there was bitterness in edited The Whole Sex Catalogue the index and rip oft the bottom
the CIA. Howard Hunt, a leader (Pantheon, $6.95). It is a credit to corner of page 188 , chew
in the Bay of Pigs planning, ex- Hurwood's sophistication that thoughtfully, and wait."
pressed it publicly. Bureaucratic his book is less of a how-to than
frustration might be enough for a where-to-find- ii reference. Down to earth but spawned from
one or a few unstable guys to kill Hurwood never moralizes, and the same whole earth .. dream
the boss, but for a large orga- so at last we have a sex book that that a big book can lead us to a
nized conspiracy you need a tells you more about sex than saner world 1s Simple Living by
large group that is not merely the sex hang-ups of Its author. Jacques Massacrier. This big
disgruntled but also expects to Dr Reuben should have been so paperback is from France, but
gain something big. What could wise. Legalized brothels, sex has been sensibly Americanized
the sophisticated analysts of the aids, swingers' clubs , nude by Links Books ($7.95) . Subti-
CIA have expected of Johnson beaches, S & M fraternities . tled An Illustrated Workbook for
(whom the authors believe to be homosexual resorts, treatment the New Farm and Home . 11 of-
innocent)? Cuban pollcy didn t centers-there's Info here for fers 307 inventive ideas for cre-
change. A revenge killing is no every sexual persuasion and ative living. While it aims at the
coup d 'etat. Who won what ? kink. practical, it is a loving and lovely
With Watergate, it was the presi- book. The words are in a gra-
dency. I don't really know what An In- cious calligraphy and the simple
If there was no government de x of Possibi/1t1es (Pantheon. illustrations, perfectly clear for
conspiracy to kill Kennedy, there $5.95) is all about or what its for, practical purposes. are tender
was at least, their evidence in- but there it is just the same-a and warm.
sists, a conspiracy to cover up monster paperback like The The book has a nice. subtle
what did happen. Nixon didn' t Whole Earth Catalogue . The humor. Along with basic carpen-
resign because his supporters book is edited by eight English try. cookery. masonry, and ani-
committed burglary; it was the madpersons. It 1s voluminously mal husbandry. there are reci-
cover-up that enraged Ameri - researched. clearly written. and pes for aphrodisiacs. instruc-
cans . Representative Henry magnificently indexed. I learned tions for casting horoscopes,
Gonzalez makes a realistic de- some things from it. how to grow and. for the indefatiguable do-
mand when he insists that Con- grass on an automobile, that a it-yourselfer. directions on how
gress investigate an infinitely man on a bike is the most effi- to tie your baby's umbilical cord.
more appalling c over-up. cent form of locomotion in the - Norman Hoss
49
 NEW HAVEN REGISTER, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1g75 SD

.J Dallas Nightmare Never Ends Congressman McKinney, to re-

·-
Commission failed to see the re-
COUP D'ETAT IN AMERI·

.sooKs·. ·...
open the investigation into semblance, the similarity is
CA: TB E CIA AND THE Kennedy's death . As graphic both overwhelming and chil-
ASS~INATION OF JOON evidence of their seriousness, ling. They match as well as the
F. KENNEDY By Micbael
Cofield and A. J. Webermu
(Tbe ftH Press, New York,
,U.95).
Although It's been over 11
years since Lee Harvey Oswald
Something tells us it's not true, ful foreword by one of the peo-
almost as if we're caught in a pie who rode in that tragic
the authors have included 22
pages of photographs including
a plastic overleaf of Watergate
burglars Frank Sturgis and E.
Howard Hunt to be used as a
scope on the assassin's rifle.
This is a powerful, if brutal,
book and one worthy of serious
attention, particularly if we are
ever to end the nightmare that
I
kind of jet lag between the bu!- motorcade, Congressman H.B. superimposition over blow-ups began with a hail of bullets on
or person or persons unknown let that killed Kennedy and the Gonzales The congressman of two tramps questioned at an otherwise sunny day In
gunned down the President, we recoilofhowitaffectedus. is currently circulating a Dealey Plaza sborUy after the Dallas, Texas.
s tll l can't quite believe it. A self-anointed cleric of a resolution co-sponsored by killing. Even if the Rockefeller J.R. COCHRAN
quasi-religious group that .
claims to be in touch with the
dead recently described KeMe-
dy's reaction to his assassina- '
lion. For want of a better de-
scription, it also characterizes
ours. "He couldn't believe it.
For two weeks, he kept walking
around in a state of shock. "
Assassinologists Michael L.
Canfield and A.J. Weberrnan
are new to the field, Canfield
was art director of George
McGovern's abortive presiden-
tial campaign while Weberman
is perhaps betler known as the
man who investigated Bob
Dylan's garbage.
Their book, "Coup D'Etat in
America" constitutes one more
hammer blow to the Warren
Commission's conclusion that
the President was felled by
Super Assassin and his young
ward, Super Bullet. It is a mas·
sive study and ,includes a power-

,,
 THE MAGAZINE OF HIGH SOCIETY
October/November No. 6

COUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA: The

CIA and the Assassination of John F.
Kennedy, by Michael Canfield and
Alan J. Weberman (The Third Press,
444 Central Park West, New York,
N .Y. 10025, $11.95). Coup D'Etot in
A merico is a book
about a murder
mystery. Like the
best detectives in
mystery novels who
see evil lurking in
every dim .shadow,
Weberman and Can-
field approach the
mystery of John F.
Kennedy's murder with an advan-
tage the straight guys never had:
complete paranoia.
It is that quality which makes this
book better than others offering an-
swers lo the assassination riddles. The
JFK killing was an event in space and
lime.the myriad facts of which form
an insanely complex historical
mandala. Sherlock Holmes meditated
with a pipe. Weberman (1 have known
him for five years) meditates with a
joint.
The initial inspiration in this case
occurred when Weberman came upon
photographs of a mysterious trio of
"tramps" picked up in Dallas right
after the JFK shooti ng. He recognized
a resemblance between the "tramps"
and certain participants in lhe Water-
gate burglary , namely, E. Howard
Hunt and Frank Sturgis. Whereas
others have passed this off as a coin-
cidence, Weberman saw an equation
between the Watergate and the JFK
murders.
lf every piece of paper in the Na-
tional Archives relating to the JFK as-
sassi natio n were stacked up, the pile
would measure a hundred feet bigh.
Weberman read it all. So, although it
was born in the manic vapors of mari-
juana, this book is documented, index-
ed, footnoted and appendixed in a
thoroughly professional way. Indeed ,
the book even contains a transparency
of Hunt and Sturgis that can be placed
directly over the tramp pictures so
you can decide for yourself.
Crazy. hub ? But different events
keep proving the o ld weed adage
"paranoids have real enemies too."
- Rex Weiner g ·
 THE TALK. OF THE TOWN •
clamhnc d up tho.: 1id..: of t h~ hook.- An

*
outfit callo.:<l T he T hir<l Press had a
hook 1111 dispb) i: ntitlt:<l "Coup d'etat
in Arn o.:ric:1," ll\· .'.\1 ic had
7
Ca nfi eld :111 J :\ hn J. \\ t: her-
man . T h..: T hird Press rt·pr..:-
~..:ntativ e '>:iid t h:it t he hook
w:is :ihout till: C . I..~., h ut he
couldn' t ~a r am th tll!! more
ahuu t it. "You'll. haYe- to talk
t•1 Jnstph Okp:1 ku, the Third P ress r--
prcsi<l t:n t," h.., said. " Bue he isn 't he re.
I 1..- alsn r un~ :i t ra ,·cl ago.: ncy, and he's
1• u1 tr:1\·dling ."

mbt N_!_tu Uork mittMi

I •

PLAYBOY
Luck and the CJ.A.
tater tbJs month. Joseph Okpaku's
Thlrd Press wfll publish a boOk. a
year In preparation, by invesd;ators
Michael Canfield and Alan J. Weber·
man.
Called ''Coup d'Etat In America.
the C.LA. and the Assassination or
John F. Kennedy," the title alone has
the rlng ot money, and Mr. Ok-paku
cheerfully admits that the fortuitous
disclosurea about the Central Intel-
ligence Agency in recent months lend
credence and saleability to the in-
vestigative work.
The 300-page book. with 70 pages
of which are in the form of an ap·
pe.ndix or documents. purports to
show that Lee Harvey Oswald was a
"deep.cover" C.l.A. agent who acted
for the .,ency In killlnc the Pres!·
dent In Nqvember, 191&.
 TAMPA TRmUNE·Tll\fES, Sunday_, OctoJJer u. m"
CHARLESTON EVENING POST
E STAB l..ISHl:O 199 4 ...

Unt~ickening Plot
CHAAL!STON, S. c 2.. 02

COUP d'ETAT ' IN AMERICA: The There's nolhing new ln the "tramp"

BOOKS CIA and the AssassiDatloa of John F.

Kennedy, by Mlcbad Culleld ud Alaa
;. J . Weberman. The Third Pren, $11.15.
..
pictures. i.

ol
' TRY
RUT Tb to put together a case
coverue by Lyndon Johnson, Richar,d
:.

·t .Ye( another book on Jhe ltennedy
cPresident John F.> assassination has
been produced to further blur the vision
PAGE 12-B-FRlDAY. JANUARY 9, 1976 of the seekers of t ruth.
..: Michael Canfield, a aometlme Flori-
dian, and Alan Weberman, who says he
Is Crom Brooklyn and has been described
Brief Reviews a s a "g_arbologist", write or what they
c all the Coup d'etat in America and what
they further maintain Is the story of the
Nixon and. most of Washington since
JFK's shoaling takes more than a hap-
hazard pu_nching of typewriting keyf.
These men even try to navor the pot
with a touch of Adol ph 's (Hiller ) flav or-
ing . For example:
"A few rele vant s tatements about
Nixon should be made here. Nixon was
convinced that he was cheated out or the
1960 election by Mayor Daley .. . . Nixon

Of New Books
Involvement or the Central Intelligence
• Agency in the killing ill the President.
1
1'heir CIA Is composed lo a great er-
tllnt of such figures ·a a Frank Sturgis and
Brief reviews of books recently recei\•ed: ·• E: Howard Hunt, a nd, to a lesser extent,
of Lee Harvey Oswald.
COUP D'ETAT JN AMERICA • by Michael Canfield and Ala
J . Weberman, makes a stron Their "new evidence" amounts to plc·
l tures of ''t ramps" arrested near the
;ow~rd Hunl and Frank St~r~~s;;hat Wthatergate plumbers En Texas Book Depos\tory that tragic day In
resident John F. Kennedy Th . d epre e actual assassins of. Dallas. They even provide a pull-out
. ir ress. $11.95.
plastic overlay· to let the reader compare
• facia l characteristics as "proof" their
pictures lie to those of lhe Wate rgaters.
STURGIS, THEY SAY, a dmits In a
~ l:ipc'd interview with Canfield that the· dri fil ms fnr high m embers of the Ni xon
was also quite d ispleased with Robert
Kennedy . . ••
,..Hiller's rise lo power was preceded
by a lon(l series of assassinations aml
d lscred1tat1ons of hio; opponents. There J.s
no denying that the Robe rl Kennedy kill-
ing, Chappaquiddick and the Wallace
shooting benefited Richard Nixon. Nixon
had close lies to hardline conservative$.
•••With Nixon in power, Nazi .sympa- ·
thizers held high positions in the Repub.
Hean party . . .a nd .Jack Anderson has·
reported that Gordon Liddy once ar-
rangPd for a showing of Nazi propagan:

~ ~
CIA ha s an a ssassination squad within Admin lstra l1on at the Nat ium1l Archl-
it s ranks and that he was a member of ivcs ... "
0
.....
:r
t .. .i l :.'lu:id .
0 OH, DON'T THINK lhey sloµ there at
That's h;irdly news. And admissions tenuous t ics. They offer as proof that the
? b ~ FrJnk Stu rg i~ are a dime a dozen. Wate rgate 1 11•w land thus th.i Cl1\ l was
s:
a This book is devoted almost as much in on the I\• nn<'dv a~sass1 n at1nn ron;;pi r-
"' t o just1ry111g the book a s it is lo rcla lml! a cy the fa1·l that walkt<'·lalkie 1ad10
"'
a • the theory. There is a pu blisher's n ul tl communication was u::;cd at lh<' scrnc> of
n
:r
c and a rorr\'. Ord. hoth ai med cfl rPrt h• a t thl' us:;as.~u:auon .ind m the \\ 11t•q;atc
"' just1'1ration for the book. Chapter one brl'ak in.
.....
CD
..... docs the same .
"' This is onr plot whirh neve r thickens.
Thi' rest ls inuuenducs, name·callin ~
:1 1•1 J JU!il:i111g act. F ori;el 1t.-KI . ~ M USSu;-o;.

11
 a.a

Is Tl
1~00
D; f'omn l Kemr t'"r
'.-r. ~ , ,m S:.ar ~1.&f/ 'c'; :.!~r
A'> cvi "<•nee mo 1ntrd
lhat tht.: L lA CO'll I ctcd
Wi~h t'•e r •3f1 I
3&0 to l.il F i~el C. • o, !
; "•;cJ tJ1at I wou.c1 r. vcr
rig::!:! cccrr ot .1v.-.i '.:"r
s~emi:igiy impro!i ,':JJc
~to:, cf th! ~ccr..:
lir.::i o! ti-:: nation:: 1 i ..• U·
gene.:: :it11 "'rnt11s.
As RoL.~i A. •, '-
f.:irmer ; :~ to HI!
Hm ""·u Hu-;h~.s ~d u
onc-tirr.c (Ji co .t:•. ::l
•:;nµIo:•e, clc:;crib·.c! 1 u\I
rnL:K~: su;.; he \'/llllk.'.n't 1Woc> tL;..,p l~s or m:m y I
tai'' {, C'; ,(fold vncr'i'teffo· rr..1 n I
-v~ ~yi7l1-rnr a ouc .. 1io th1• i ntc~r; 1 • ci I
C~rtr1, ll)' I l.ll it Chdn't
\'i:ir:-cn ( ammi!i-;1c,\ s~'lff I
b;;. :n r:.ut \.'.ay 1 I haw: b ·v ·er 1~Ibc.rt knnN by
110 f1r~1-hmd !-irnwl ·dr;·:! r.a. mg t h;:i t years L!\~r
oi h'>"t it h'!pp:.mcd). sui· dll! i n._: \\'J tUh:'ltC ..! " l ~-
li... e it ~v ~:iv that Cnni1elt.l c;... 1e: Ni...oo1s n!::'l!>rity
...:r.cl Wct.cn.1an fall far counst.' 1111 th ~ J l ·.:.::iry
15 '-C.,r3 si1vrt of p::-uvi ng tl:t:ir Ci:-;nnu~r.l:." \lth'lt .t.e au-
case. tii'lr:. rlun'I tel! \"Oil - b..!-
T:.is i.look is " po!iticd c.au :.c ;~ cor~radtcl.!; t11l·1C
pomography." the "1'!"t o! th"OrY - is tnoil .ic nm~•
thlnr. u._ t an::;r:::I~ to th:! v:n s · th" cr.m r.,iil ~·s
· ,.. ;..-·· c!<irk s.d" cl the re:id"r's tih JI i y I 1ur. !:!I U'' \.U
pc1!:<'~ J.ity .:nd pan • ... :-s lO comllll.1 :(: s 1.. {1r;.u.I•
his uc-,uht•· ~bout Lhe trnth 11 "~ !ired l:1r:1 for
d \ ·:mt I c h..:s been tuld . r. ....o rJ N !i'~
,c l-y h~ ;:v1 ·r nment.
~'} t I IIEC~1 Y is b.i.,cd u
on pho:nir.~ph:; \·;11u.:l-t, .-ic· I ll" c
, II
co~c .. ~ to lhc r.u h:lrs, .,. t..:u! t u. \ ... r. I
1 ,

!rn t-en111lrt: "' ,.,u~le {If sho .. 1h .i Hur.t, St•;r 6 is

r.iO~l~rr: to a.ten: 1 l to
pcis:in the Cubar. p:·c.ni,,.r,
1 ne ~ccm:'d •.O 1crc <.:r cL·
Lh~
II stroy
!Jel~v.11.i ~
!me be
belicv.tlJ'c nnd thl!
i f Oiii rs have p irrcd I?? nttr1 :.rsmr&11(1m!
1 i.h!! p' r .... ~ · ,1,cy' ou:au't le;.'< qtuti:: ?. bit hi C I:- c
J 1.1 t , i" om t 1e11 ''-'!'."b·
u! ~ r, h r1~~ 1
\'rith Stu:gls \:ho y;as convic td
sto::ic~ nt.o · t: • ' \ lht-n
"Co~ .. :~'E t h . :ntric:a"
;·1ill ~o very , •c 1 st l hc
bo:"lksto:es.
r. JS :-:-r::.w or con~pir­ b(:
n~y thr-orit)S by ?-.~kh:icl
C:-nf 1< 1 1 an d Alnn J
1 ep·:rt i' - as 'iii.mt t 3S in
V.'rlierm:m attempt:;
d:?mons:rate tt".:!1 Pi .1-
de'1t Jc' .1 F Kenr. ·dy was
killed ~s r".- tt 1 uf n CIA
plot b9c":~ti by Rich.ml : t.
Nixon ~.!td assisLed by
cr ga'"'lized c11 m~ t:3;ng
Wntuga tc f.J,ms E. 1!aw-
ard Il unl ~m d F r~nk Stur-
gis as ac.st' ""~ins.
Lre ! •.irvcy Osw:ild, ac-
and ~ n1cc111: wne> was 11
"C.:-.· "!"'' for Oswnl1 \:t':--e
app. t;hc:r~rlcd .. e~r tl.e
w~t1. murder site a\ a time
t..ic
un· whe:i tb:.)' x.ul d hn\'C be;;n
~h.~ idl!::rs The m"n th y
rilio!l- lhe:1 :!lch:O? c: t!·:
.,p
oi t ...k in~ pan in ~he
Wc'c.r;,ntc burglnry. hu~
ll.c 11:1o:os itlcn~:~.:o nc:
nli·~t arc so fl:.zzy a11 i
incH:;ti~c: t:rn~ l11ey· c ciuld
fr ~.!mo.,t anyt.r•l1\' / ind
the •:b!':! ll'c:>ry f, '.,,
to si:>Ld to i ntcrv1e •,
Hu;;t ,. .. r t in Dal!Js on
No·.-. n !~~3 .
:\siti~ from t h:? photo
gr::.rh-;, the book :mcmp::;
lo c··tnbl:sh a ch., in 1,,f CCil·
!>pi rccy t!t:?l Iii .~ Hur.t.
Nixo:1. the CIA ~· u ~ the
M..i ·~ . To c':> th..1l, l ;1c i.IU·
t l"ors r ely en the so,.l of
gci' L.!Jy-:--·~sociatio11 tech-
ren Ctlmmissi1Jr.. "s~<:!ms j
to L" c~silv m~mjoul~ t~d -
!,y f<faon fiJ hiS 1.-Jl':'lO\i " l
Tnnl muy ' c lhe ::ir.r;lc i
worst o~tr ie or this uc- I
r;ur::.nlly 1.1utraru:m!.i book I
W:u rcn and z.:1:.:cn were I
~C~TCCIV spca!:in g
tc:-rr:s lhrcu~hc1ut theii
rin
j
cnr~c rs Wnrrc n de •
i.;e!opcci a l1e::rt" di<JW\c I
rl)r Nb".)lj ·.:! Al' ll1CV were
beth C:il:fc mia p Jfrician~
anJ little Lh.:n t.:p::ic:1ed
1
' ·
l:itcr ser:mcJ to r.l;ang:.-> nis
mind r b:i 11t N i..o:l' s
cl ~ro.ctcr.
.'lll o! th s i'i not ~o ~ay
t!ut ;l .t!rc- 01::y r.o be
s • holes ir. tf.c co. cJu ~1on of
th!! W<u r :i Com m:~:.1011
ui:?t o,,.... .. ~elm;: :done,
v;as the _,::.... <;m, It mav
cvc:'I be :hat C.-rnfieh1 and
Webern11..n hi:n: found
some red dbcr~;:a n::1 es in
the of!ic.bi e.:.:plnnatio:1 of
the ki!lmg nm ih..?:-e are>
(:\'PT\l1'" hcl_e I\ h
s d.:i~nrr.cnt ;:u:i.
l(
1

corclin · t'l t1";1s theory, w::is nique m a d~ ir. a mous by F ..rh. ~ ZX:1 µ-essfon-
a ' p;;i •/ ' set up !Jy the s~~.. . Josc,n MC'Carthy ul comm: ttl'C' ula re-
CiA lo take: the mp. Jfo Sc· 10 cf th~ Un' .- justj O" c.'1 U•c. i ,..,._vii;ati-On of
w::is kill::d by JncY, J~.u y a~1' ..f!!:.~~~~~~~- the .-issa£slnattoa- Eut not
-<ii:r~r:t<r:d 1n
a cin·time f'.lHlh$l ~r -
tl:!.: • "'
lo
i:~c-. u:;r: oi
th!S' book.
 Bookshelf
CHORAL SPEAKING AND THE VERSE CHOIR, by
E. Klagsley PtveHllre, A.S. Banes ud Ce., st5 page.s,
$US. This work will be of Interest to those who conslder
starting such a choir at a cburcb or school. Dr. Poven-
mire has directed the San Diego state University Verse
Choir for the past 25 years during which time It bas
grown from 22 to 200 members. He has taught the art of
directing such a choir to teachers in extension and
summer classes.
The book includes a chapter on the history and values
of choral speaking, from the chorus of antique Greek _ __ __
dramas to the children who recite "'Twas the Night
Before Christmas" in unison. Povenrnlre also explains
how choral speaking can be used In contemporary
drama, in combination with small groups of instruments
or whole orchestras.
R.G.
SIXTY PHOTOGRAPHS, by Alfred A. blpf, Alfred A. 14
Knopf Pabllslten. 11 pages, Urdbaek .... ~
$5.t5. Published in celebration of the 80th anniversary of
the founding of the Knopf publlsbing company, the book
is a collection of snapshots taken of some of the great More ~death plots' related
writers and poets of the early 20lh Century by Alfred A.
Knopf. However, what could have been a very interesting COUP D' ETAT I N in a new electronic dl'\ I
collection of personal memoris of the literary greats bas A.\IERICA. by Mlcllat'I calle d the P sychologltl
turned out w be nothing more than a snapshot album Canfield and Alaa J . Stress E valuator. ll 1s a s
with a very sketchy text. Weberman: Tile Tlalrd or updated lie de tector
J .W. Press, New Yerk, 314 pa· chine lhal presumably
C OUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA, by Michael cantleJd ana ( ~s . $11.95.
THE ASSASSINATION
spol e rrors and cr1mi
stress in tapes. It was used
Alu J. Weberman, 'lbe Tblrd Press, 314 pages. $11.95. A ~ TAPES , b y G eer g e test recorded docume ntal
fJbtlUe of this book is " The CIA and the As§as,tjnaton of · f o·Teelt ; Ptatllea s t of the as sassination
ohn F. Kennedy." The authors spent long months PrHs. Ntw Verk. 2H pa· .. unro\'ered a cons1s tcnt
gathering all available information on the Kennedy ges, $11.95. wm of deception ... With l
tragedy. The thrust of the book is that the C1A and Mafia.
a
ti Add two more to the lonu miracle invenlion . a purp
connected conspirators shot the President In retaliation list O( books aimed al r C\ I\"·ed r evolutionary te rrori
for his refusal to provide a1r support for prevention of the lll
he ing the casc or John F Kcn· sche me is said to ha\'e b
Bay of Pigs fiasco. While their work is heavily document- nedy's murder by Lee li ar· uncove red.
ed with pictures, onetime " secret" reports and inter· int vey Oswa ld. This m ust run These latest wild tbeu
VIews, the writers fail to make a steel-bound case for stc lhe count ~yo nd the dozen appear lo conta in m
conspiracy, just as other private investigators have 1 m ark. Coanc1denl with the rc- imagin ation but no m ore f
failed Jn the past. The book, however, proves agam that a isrrl lea"l' of lhl•st• \'olunws was a tha n lhe long ltsl of
true story about real people often is more fascinating the n e ws di s pat c h fr o m ceding sensations by M
than fiction. taxi Washms::ton lhal Rep . 8 . Lane and olhers.
FM ba~ Gonza lez, ( D·Te x.) had offe r ·
. Thes e latest efforts me
ed a rcs nlullon In the Houst• help fmaJJy to confirm
lo reoiw n 1nH•sligat ions into a cce p ted solution to
the death s of P r<'sidcnl Ken- cnme. FRED Dt'AflM
nedy. hb brothcr Robert ,
l. and Marlm Lulhl'r K1nir.
]. plus thc wuundms:: uf Gl'orgl'
d \Yallace by a would · bt• 118·
sassm .
d .. Coup d'Etal ID Amer1t·a ..
e. is a fanl astll' attempt to
'11 cunnl·cl lhc J ohn Kt•nnedy
.ii a:;,.' assma lton wtlh a dl't'P -
dyl'<i conspirac~ h;r lhe Cl 1\ .
>d
,.. At the tune of the mu rdc· r .
at two \·ai::rant:. were pickl'<I up
o. nl'ar the scl•nc by Dallas po·
•d lice. and lhc a uthors 1mag1m•
that these cha racll'r s wc rc
0, im olvcd la te r ID lhl• Wa·
~ tcrgale brt>ak-in . PlC'lures of
a one or the .. plotter s .. ar c re·
h prodUCl'd and compa red w llh
photos of E. Ho\\ ard Hunt.
IY one or llw t .. m\·1ct1-<I Wa·
1e tergatl' dt>fenda nts . Tn this
l. rc\'iewl•r no resemblance was
th ind1call'<1.
1d T he O'Tnole \ ol umt• sug-
_ _ct ge,,b snnw of lht• more ranc1·
:e ful crop .of science
cuonfuers Tbe author is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
 ,,

v· I CHARLESTON EVENING POST

ESTABLISHED 1894
TMIPA T~IBUNE-TJMES, Sunday, OctoJJer 19, l!i5

Unt~ickepin~ Plot
CHARLESTON, S . C . 29402
f
I
COUP ll' ETAT .IN. AMERICA: The ·,.here·· nothing new ln the "b'amptt

BOOKS r-
CIA and the Assassjnatlon of John F.
Kennedy:, by Michael Canileld a11il Alaa
J . Weberman. '.J'he Third Press, $11.95.
.
pict1:1res. h

BUT
,..,,._
. -: :
~ TRY to ~ut together a case-.
of coverul[by Lyndon Johnson,
--·-

Rlchar:,~
,I

:t ~ .Yef another book on ..,the Itennedy Nixon and'.. most of Wasbmgton since
6'resident John 'F.) a ssassination tias JFK's s hOOting takes more th.an a h<Ji>·
been produced to further blur the vision hazard punching of typewriting keyi
PAGE 12-B-FRIDAY, JANUARY 9, 1976 of the seekers of truth. These men·:even try to flavor the pot
.; ,; Michael Canfield, a ·sometime ·_Flori- with a touch of Adolph's (H itler) flavor-
a'tan, and Alan Webei-man , who says he ing. For example: ..
Brief Reviews 1 is from Brooklyn and hai; been described
as a "g_arbologist", write· of what they "A few · r elevant st,atements about-
call the Coup d'etat in America and what Nixon should be made here. Nixon was
they further ma intain is the story oI the convinced that he was cheated out of l~
-;

I Of New Books involvement of the Central -Intelligence

I\ A,gency in the killing of the President.

to
u . 'fneir· CIA Is c9mpQse(f a ~e~i ex- K~nnedy.. ••
~t of sue!\ figu~s :as Frank Sturg!S lnd
i960 election-by Mayor Daley ..• . Nixon
. was. also quite displeased. with Robert'·
-_ ·

I Jf;"'Howard· Hunt, and, to a lesser extent,

of Lee Harvey Oswald.
• ~'Hitler's rise to pc>wer was precC.di~
by a lonl' series of assassinations ancl
discreditations or his opponents. There is
Their ''new evidence" amounts to pic- 1no denying that the Robert Kenned}' kill-
~l iI

I t..
tures of ;'tramps" arrested near the ing, Chappaquiddir.k and the Wallace
T exas Book Depository that tragic day in shooting benefit ed Richard Nixon . Nixon
Dallas. They . even provide a pull-out had close ties to hardline conser vatives.
plastic overlay· fo let the reader compare ••.With Nixon in power, Nazi .sympa- ·
facial characteristics as "proof" their thizers held high positions in the Repub.
pictures tie to those of the Watergate rs . Hean party . . .and Jack Anderson haS'
r eported that Gordon Liddy once ar-
STURGIS, THEY SAY, admits In a ranged for a showing of Nazi propagan:
tapc'd interview with Canfield that the· da films for high m embers of the Nixon
CIA has an assassination squad within Administrat ron at the National Arch!-
its r anks and that he was a member of ivcs . . :·
l 11al ~<iUa d .
OH, DON'T THJNK they slop there at
T hat's hardly news. And admissions tenuous tics. They offe r f!S proof lhat th e
by Frank St11rgis are a dime a dozen. Watergate < rcw (n nd th us the Cf A I was
Thi s book is devoted almost as much in on t he K" n11C'dv :1 SS<! ~sim1 l1<'n c onspir-
a cy the fa1·t u;at wa lk1c-ta lk ie llld ro
to jusli fyini; the book as il is lo rel .. t in~
t he theory. The re is a publishe r's 110Le eommunical inn was used at the scene of
the a s:;assinatio11 :inct in t he \\' ,il!'r"gatc
a 111l a for('v;ord. hnth a imed rlirPrf ly :-it
justi f1r<Jlio n for the book. Chapter one brea k in. ·
docs the same.
'rhe rest Is innuendoes, name-e allin ~ I Thi s is onr plot whirh never thickens.
:.J'hl ;,s J11ggli11g act. F orget it.-K1: ~ M US!:iU\'.
"
CALENDAR, The 8o1ton Globe. ~ 8, 1971
BOOKS
·oswald
a 'patsy'?
By Patrick McGiiiigan
COUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA, by Michael
•Canfield and Alan J. Weberman. Third
World Press. 313 pp. $11.95.
'7HEY'VE KILLED THE PRESIDENT/" by
fflobert Sam AflS!=)n• .Bantam. 408 pp.
$2.50. .
The world changed utterty on Nov. 22,·
1983, the day John F. Kennedy was as-
sassinated in Dallas. He took a piece of
everybody with him, some last sore hope
or Illusion. The doubt persists, even
among lntelllgent people, that the Viet-
nam War and Watergate would not have
occurred had the President lived. Both
events surely owe much to his timely as·
.sasslnatlon.
Who and why?-the haunting questions.
Today, 12 years later, nothing ts wholly
certain about Kennedy'& death; not the
motive, the means or the opportunity,
•"the three essentials,'' In Robert Anson'•
words, "In any murder lnVNtlgaHon." The
Warren Commlsalon report 18 hotly de-
bated by reasoned experts; polls show
that most American cltlana dlabelleve tt.
.And now, two books, "Coup d'etat In
America" and "They've t<Jlied the Presi-
dent!" (paperback) have been put)llBhed
to fuel suspicions that Lee Harvey Oswald and CIA connections, drawn by a com-
was (his own words upon arrest) "a
p~!sy."
Anson writes: "To believe the Warren
Commission you must believe that bullets tail to support their theory that E. Howard
pause In midair and make 90-degree
right-hand turns; that a poor marksman
i can do what experts cannot; that Newto-
I nian laws of motla. were not operating
on Nov. 22; that a man can be In two
·places at once; that atoms are able to
change their structure; that everything Jn
life is mere coincidence."
.•. The Anson book la persuasive reportage;
he writes skillfully, lrreslatlbl)', turning the
reader Into amateur sleuth. He touches
· all the corners-the smoke on the grassy
knoll, the man with the umbrella, the
three anonymous bt.1ms, the "mysterious"
deaths of witnesses, the lntematlonal In-'
~rigue, etc.
But he has the advantage of having di-
gested well, and borrowed extensively,
..
I
~saassln's view In Dallas.
from' the primary books available on the
subject: "Inquest and Counterplot,N by
Edward Jay Epstein (which StJggests that
th• Warren Commlssfon hurried Into Its
mistakes); "Six Seconds In OaHas," by
Josiah Tttompson (wtilch an&IY%es the Za-
pruder home mo\lle to undermine the sin·
gl&-assassln theory); and Mark Lane'•
pantroverallJ "Rush to Judgement."
Canfield and Weberman (the latter ta-
moue In Ylpple circles as the "garbolog·
lat'' Who raided Dylan's trash In the
1960s) have wrttten the more erratic
treatment, unreadable In parts, apecula-
'1ve, troubling In others. .
•· The title suggests their hypotheela (one ot
growing popularity In conspiracy circles),
that a "hit team" with mob, anti-Cuban
mon hatted for JFK's appeaeement of
Castro's Cuba, did the deed.
They have unearthed some tantalizing de-
Hunt and Frank Sturgis, two of the Wa-
tergate burglars, were present oo the
grassy kr.oll that day, Including an Inter-
view with Sturgla, In which the soldier of
fortune admits having been approached
once for a "domestic assassination."
lndlvldually, tha books are Indispensable
(they disagree, for example, on tl'le num-
ber of Oswald "lookalikes" Involved In the
suppo$ed ex>nsplracy) to the growJng,
tentative body of assassination literature;
together, they make a strong case for re-
openlnsf the Dallas Investigation, even
though more questions are being asked,
perhaps, than can ever be satlttaotorily
answered.
(Patrick McGl//lgan ls a member of The
.Globe staff.)
 HOUSTON CHRONI C!$
Assassination plot charges possibly libelous
Ot.:P D'ETAT IN AMERICA . The CIA
C and the Assass111allon of John F. Kenne-
dv bv \ lirhael Canfield and Alan J. Weber-
nian.·Thr Third Press. SI 1.95.
II R1i:hard Nixon 1s still suffenng from
what his formrr press secretary, Ron Ziegler,
1111t:l' desrnhrd :is "llladequate cash flow," he
might get even financially ok ~Y unl?ading a
l
st-wn or eight figure libel suit agamst the
\Hlh•rs and publisher uf this strange. d1sturb-
rng book.
II
Ih• m:I\ bi• forced lo, if this book attracts
all\ serious attention. which 1l might. In 11,
R1rl1:1rd ~1xon 1s portrayed as being far more
than a mm. bl'trayl'r of the public trust This
hook implies that Hichard \1ilhnus \ixon,
slalwllfl Quaker from Yorba Linda, Calif,
Wh1tllt•r College dandy and die-hard Duke
1kbalcr. 1s the biggest single \Illian in the
h1:;1ory of the L·nil<>d States.
Ttus hnuk implies, without proving any-
tl1111g. !he following
• Lee l!tirvl'V Oswcilfl did not kill President
.Juhn Kenned~· The Central Intelligence Ag-
ency did. • Presidency When Kennedy took office. he
• The C:IA d11l ll because it considered John
Kt•nnedv to be a left-wing. pseudo-Marxist
\\ho was taking thll country off tis pre-ordain-
t'd ('llUrse.
• Afll'r disposing or John Kennedy, the CIA
2~, 1975 BOOKS
BY \lARTIN RALBOVSKY
pnl('t't'dl'<I to kill Rober! Kt•mwdy and ;\larlin
Luther Kmg .Jr . 111 1968, and attempted Lu kill
r.eCJrge Wallace 1n 1972
• The CIA's assassin11!ion squad 11as
orchestrated by men who were lhe leacting
practitioners of what amoun~s to right-wing,
conservative politics 111 America
The maestro was Richard :\ixon, tbe one
man 111 America who, the book says. benefit·
led most from all of the assassinations.
This book traces Nixon's 111volvemenl with
thP CIA baek to the late 1!150-s when he was
the leading cheerleader 111 the Eisenho~1er
While House for a CIA mwlhrm1 of Fidel
Castro in Cuba. Nixon. the book says. wanted
the CIA to extract Cuba from the Communist
dutches of Castro and return it to the good
hands of Mevrr Lanskv. Carlos Prio. Santo
Trifficante, Fulgenc10· Batista and BeBe
Re bozo
Nixon. the book s:iys. ne\·er did accept the
outcome l)f I he 1!160 election f he lostl In-
stead, he blamed Kennedy t and Mayor Daley
of Chicago) of stuffing ballot boxes with
Democratic votes and robbing him of the
reacted with skepttc1sm to the CIA·s plan to
overthrow Castro lie felt , the book says. that
the CIA was get ting out of hand lo the point or
dicta ling foreign policy.
Kennedy then proc·eeded, the book says. to
harpoon thr CIA 's l'laboratc plans for the Bay
llf Pigs 111vasio11 u! Cuba. lie refused a re-
quest to provide a second ai r strike for
pn11t>eti\'C' cover and held back the Marines.
The 1mplicalion is that Kennedy wanted tl1e
CIA ln fail al the Bay of Pigs so he could then
11st• lhe failure as an t•xcuse lo pull the CIA in
umler l11s thumb The CfA aficiandos were
turious
Dallas This book c·ontains pictures that
purport 10 shU\\ that the "tramps'' who were
apprehl·ndrd and released minutes after
KP111ll'dy was shot \1We really Hw1t, Sturgis
:ind a Lt•e Harvey Oswald .. double" in dis-
~u1se Tht•y shot Kennedy from the "grassy
knoll." Jumped 111!0 a nearby railroad car,
and ''ere supposed to be taken away by the
train Tlwy were t'aught by accident and a
phuny Srl'rrt Service man, planted on the
st·t•1w co11v111ecd the Dallas police lo let the
" tramps" go.
Oswald wns nll'rl'ly ;111 t>Xpendable CIA
patsy in all of this. the book says, fingered by
tlw CIA to t;1ke the blame. It was Officer J. D.
Tippit s job, lht• book alleges, lo shoot Oswald
for n•sisting arml . But he bungle~ the a.s·
signnwnt. got shot h1111setr and so his boss m
the c·onspirac\ .lal'k Rub}. was forced to
0
l><'rsonally J>U l Oswald away to avoid any
further slip ups.
That am11npltsht•d. lhe coup d'etat was
rnmplt·t t• Anw ne;1 was sawd [rom lill' lt•fllst
leadership nf Krnncdy and returned to the
warm bosom of ronservatism The Warren
Commission was cstnblisht•d. the book says.
to keep the Amcnra11 people trom being
crushl'd by the truth. fts chief conclusion.
that Oswald. nln•ad\' drad. had acted alone
was a mrre cl1versmiiarv smokescreen. What
else could we havr rxpectcd 1the book asks 1
from a R<·publiC'nn from Califorrna Earl 1
Warren l but protect1tm for another Repubh-
C'an lrom California t vou know whol?
1
It 1s all astonisl1111g and frightening rc•ad· J'
Ing. The rnnlent mwshadows some obvious
llaws. The boo).. is woclullv underresearched.
despite the puhhshrr's fnrf'ward to Lhe con·
trary Inf ~8fi snuri:es hstt•d, 307 are merely
newspaprr clippings, magazine articles and
books already publislwd 1 Language punsts
will be dmrn Lo apoplexy by stores of sen·
lences I hat srtr-drstrucl from the improper
use of words. 1'l'hr CI A has its private assns·
sination squad. nol lhe1rs l
But sav this for 11 This is the fi rsl work to
spctulat;, thot the CIA, on behalf of Richnrd
:\ixon and tht' polttit~ for which he stood,
murdered nul only .John Kennedy, but Robert
Kemll'd\ , \larti11 Luther Krng Jr and at-
tempted to murcll·r Georgr Wallace. If ~he
authors are wrong about this. they are go111g
to bt• 111 for morl' than :i puhlicalion party.
I M~rlln R11lb0v,~v cl thf" Chronic!.. \laft '' lf\f' aolhor or
ll>'tt t>oo"~)
 "

{ _DAILY PRESS, NEWPORTNEWS VA.

nEb 71975
Book Reviews
edited by Will Mollneull

The CIA and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy

by Michael Canfield and Alan J . Weberman
New York: The Thi rd Press. 314 pages. $11 .95

by Marti• IKoalf'r
As The Congress and many Americans
themselves find the Kennedy Assassina-
tion controversy renewed at nearly every
tum, authors Michael Canfield and Alan
J . Weberman have for the second time
this year focused attention on the CIA.
Unfortunately for the reader, credibiJi-
ty bas been given this volume by Rep.
Henry B. Gonzalez, D-Tex . Gonzalez
wrote a forward which merely urges a full
congressional investigation of the death of
President Kennedy be undertaken. He at
no time endorses the authors ' views that
the president was killed in a CIA-de-
veloped plot.
First District Rep. Thomas N. Down-
ing also has advocated strongly that Con-
gress reopen the Kennedy assassination
investigation, but at no time has be ever
implied or stated that he believes any
federal agency was involved in the presi-
dential shooting .
This book follows George O'Toole's
dynamite study, " The Assassination
Tapes," in which he challenged that Lee
Harvey Oswald was innocent and was
framed.
Canfield and Weberman open their in-
vestigative door and alleged clues fly all
about, but few seem to have any basis for
consideration. They base their theory
upon the Bay of Pigs invasion which was
masterminded by the CIA . The fa ct that
Kennedy withdrew the air cover for the
invasion and turned it into a fiasco
creates their CIA revenge killing theory.
They state that " by 1963 Kennedy's
murder was being planned within the Cen-
tral Intellignece Agency. Orders had
come from upstairs that Kennedy must
die .. . " Where is upstairs? They never
say and here is where part of their theor y
begins to break down.
Additional clues, the authors say,
come from their discovery that Watergate
operatives E. Howard Hunt and Frank
Sturgis both resemble two of the three
"tramps" who were picked up at the
scene of the Kennedy shooting, but were
released later by the FBI.
This volume just does not help but
confuse an already complicated issue. No-
wh~e is evidence so clear as to dispell
strong doubts which the overall book
creates. Great loopholes in information
are just left there to glar e at the r eader .
Don't waste your time on t he volume,
unless you just want to read anot her ac-
count of another theory, unfounded a nd
relatively undocumented.
Mr. Koaler, a writer who lives on the Penin·
sula, has written of the theones involving the
Kennedy assassination.
 The Gr~nd r?Rapids Pr~
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 7. 1975 /
JOn JFK: lnadmissable 'Evidence'_(
COUP RICA. By series of intriguing photographs, to which
Mi d and Al J. Web.man. the publisher attaches tfie 1east aignifi·
296 . The Third • $11 .95. cance, this book would be only another in a
long series of ''authoriative" reports on the
The authors of "Coup D'Etat in Ameri- "conspiracy" to ~assinate John F. ~en-
ca" are masters of innuendo and the nedy - books which have failed to yield
ananswered question. Were it not for a e.vidence s~icient to reopen the lnvestiga·
tion into bis death.
Michael Canfield and Alan Weberman no
doubt have researched their subject and
they've dredged up some connectiom be-
tween the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA). Cuban refugee organizations and
the Mafia that are hard to explain. Unhap-
pily. there are .too. many instances where
spe~ulation ~ indica~, and the authors
cant really tie everything together.
The peg on which they bang their story is
the statement: "'Ibe people connected with
the Bay of Pigs (Cuban invasion}operation
and Watergate certainly had a motive for
~g Kennedy; ~Y felt.he was standing
m the way of the 'liberation of Cuba.• "
The Watergate link leads naturally to
former president Richard M. Nixon, ind
the authors suggest - but there's no
aut.henticati
. ·on - that "Perhaps (Howard)
Hunt knew that. N~on was involved in the
Kennedy assasmation, whose code name
has become, aptly enou~, 'Bay of Pigs.' "
Only a few pages earlier, the suggestion
was made that "Bay of Pigs" mig&t be a
code phrase for the murder; then suddenly
and. without explanation, it no longer
"nught" be - it "has become."
But Canfield and Weberman may have
struck gold with the pictures of three men
picked up in the railroad yards near the
assassination scene within minutes of the
attack. Two of the three closely resemble
Hunt and another CIA man, Frank Sturgis,
and an acetate over!ay supplied with the
book ~akes an ~g match of photos of
Sturgis and Hunt with blowups of the faces
of the two "tramps."
'Ibe photos alone could be considered
sufficient to demand that Hunt and Sturgis
be questioned under oath about their
activities that day. (Both claim to have
~n elsewhere.) 'I1le FBI, the authors say,
quizzed the "tramps" and released them.
Perhaps the question of the assaslnation
should be reopened. Perhaps the long
series of coincidences cited by the authori
really do tie the murder to the CIA and the
Cuban refugees.
Perhaps ... but the "evidence" offered
by Canfield and Weberman (except for the
photos) would be inadmissable in a court of
law. Hearsay never is acceptable.
= -Bob Doy
-
 Book Briefs
.'lew and Recommended

"Coup d'etat in America~ by "Bome Inc.,'' by Scott Burns

Michael Canfl'iled and Alan J. (Doubleday, $6.95> proves that
Wcberman ('tbc Tl\ird Press, lhc simple family household is
$11.95J Is sublit1ed '"Tbe CIA America's most · Powet(ul
and the Ass35Sill;IE economic instrument. "i6is
F. Kennedy.'' and for- highly orginal book docundts
word by Henry 8. cz ol the rise or the house!Wld
the U.S. Congress. The authors economy and the rapid decline
claim to have unearthed new of corporate America. _
evidence in the Kennedy "Bow to Choose and use 1
assassination. On this basis Lhe Your Doctor," by Marvin S.
case has recently been ordered - Belskv and Leonard Gross
reopened. The charge is made (ArbOr House, S7.85) operates
that a ..depth squad" existed in (no pun intended) on the theory
lhc CIA. and Lhat it was that is ls not enough Cor the
organiwd to murder people in doctor to slop playing God, the
America. Thi! case SUPPorts patient has got to get off his
ii.self \I.1th many new photos, knees. The book is a survival
especially those or thrt>e manual dedicated to the
unidcnuficd "lramps" at the proposiuon lhat the only smart
Kcnnedv dcillh site, a "con· p;1tit•nl is an informed one.
Cession,;' of a death squad "SUenen.s: A Portrait," by
member and num e rous Eli1.abcth Hamilton
documents. <Doubleday, $i.95) deals with
•'Mad am Maigret' I Cardinal Leon-Joseph Sucncns,
Recipes," by Hobert .J. leader in the Second Vatican
Court1nc CH;ircourL, Brace Council, the ecumenical
.lov;movich. SB.95) prcsl·nts movt'menl. Church renewal
more than 100 recipes for and reform and one of the most
dishes dear LO Lhe heart or influential Catholic prelates of
Simeon's renowned lnspcctor our time.
Maigret. who shares with his "Queen Kary and Others,"
wife a profouncl love or food. Osbert Sitwcll (.John Day,
Courtinc hils culled from her $6.95> is a collection or essays
notebook a variety or delights dealing not only with Queen
from Soupc ;"lllX Tomatcs lo Mary, but fortune lrllcrs, NC\\
av
Crrmr Choc-ol:il, with Plt'nly York, London and Peking.

I of heart\' d1shrs in b<'hVl'en.

"Pathways," by .Joyce "All the Uvelong Day," by
Hiflcr (Doubk'd;iy, $4.!}51 is a Barbal.I Garson <Doubleday,

I rather thin. hardcover book $7 95l says it defines the

which reads like noalin!( in a ml't1ning and demeaning of
<'<lnoc down the n\·cr of hfe. routine work. Garson now
lkadcrs can expect tho11!!ht· wol"ril•S about other people
fulness and spmlual uplift being bored on the job. ~luch or
from her poetic prose. "P;ilh· this writing is related to the
ways" will serve as a helping same propaganda sh c
h.i~cl to thous:mds who ;ire dispensed with .Jane Fonda
tryin~ lo climb oul of the when she traveled around the
hrnlnnds of drs1iair and eountr)' giving anu-wnr
dr1m'ssion speeches. No doubt the 1atks
"The Walkabouts," by Mike y,cre as dull as this book. I
Saundcn; (Stem and Day, would suggest that before
$8.95) dt•scnbt-.s a S\\'1ss Family Garson writes about work. she
Robinson storv in rc,·crse. oughL to try it. She may find ii a
!\like Saunders. his wire aild refreshing experience.
• four.£bildrcn.1agt>SiJto 10) l"lf\. -LEONKET1
 \

PLAYBOY: Connected ho"'r "What are you

trying to sa y?
AGEE: J ust wba t I said . That's all I know.
But by the ti me tills interview appears,
a lot of these 1.hings may ha ve come out.
I hope so. That's really all 1 know. I
can gi ve you an opinion , tho ugh, fo r
what it's worth . Knowing the CIA as I
do, I can tell you th at everything I have
read about t11e assassina tion o ( P resident
Keunedy-Lee H arvey Oswald's back-
ground . Jack R uby's backgro und, the
photograph that seems to place E.
H oward Hunt at the scene o( the crime,

....
the mysterious deaths of so ma ny people
involved-everything makes me very
suspicious oE the vVarren Commi ssion 's
version oE what happened.

~ .. - -....
NOVEMBER 16, 1975 BOOKREYIEW
co.;~ lft lmenca~'tlte ttA .a the •vmbaadoa' of
z John 1-4. 'Kenned> by Mlch~cl Canfield and Alan J. Weber·
'-! !
..• man ('Thu'd Press: $11.95, illuslratcd)
For nearly 30 years Wf!J havt! lel the CIA typei; rein·
! force their own fears and approve their own coVerl ac·
tion projects, without any real regulation. Atnong Ule
bad results is this grubby book, whose grubby ques.
tions can't be dismissed out of hand.
• The authors set out to prove their lheory I.hat 11By
1963 Kennedy's murder was being planned by assassi-
nation experts within the Central Intelligence Agency.
Orders had come from upstairs thal Kennedy must die
•• • " They don't come close to doing this. "Upstairs'' is
never defined, and in a final chapter liUed "Unan-
swered Questions," the writers admit that "perhaps the
most important question to be answered is whether or
not the CIA, officially or otherwise, knowingly or by
default, may have been involved .•. 11 Rather lamely,
they suggest that the Congress gel busy and investigate.
What do the authors find wnen they dive down the
rabbit1hole of the Warren Commission Report? Well,
Richard Nixon was in Dallas on business in November
of 1963, and he told the Commission that he had left
two days before the assas&nation. Apparently this was
a misstatement, and in fact he left less than 24 hours
before. So what? Well, Nixon, a man with strong Cu-
ban connections in Miami, later was associated with E.
Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis, the Watergale bur-
glars. Hunt, a CIA man, was heavily involved in the
Bay of Pigs fiasco, ai1d Sturgis had been an intriguer
and "soldier of fortune"-for which read CIA agent-
in Cuba since before Castro's takeover. Lee Harvey Os·
wald had murky Cuban associations. Jack Ruby, who
murdered him, may have had (did have, say the au-
thors) conneclions with Syndicate man Meyer Lansky,
who ran gambling casinos in Cuba. And Sturgis and
<I)
~:=====-===---=~==--~~~~~=:::::::ii
. A Limp The0ry
I
on JFK Assassination
BY JOHN SKOW
Hunt, the authors hypothesize, may well have been in
Dallas at the assassination site when Kennedy was
niurdered. · the President of lhe United Stales, you're the guy that
· To support t~is last supposlllon, they offC'r an assort-
ment of photos and photoanalyses. Three tramps were
discovered hiding in boxcars near the Texas School
Book Depository shorlly after the President was killed:
They were photographed, interrogated, and'allowed to
drift away. Two of them seem to resemble Sturgis and
Hunt. Acetate ovcl'!ays of known pictures of the two
appear to fit the tramp photos. But do they, really?
The tramp shots are grainy blowups. Il·is hard to de-
cide about the transparent acetates. How many tens of
thousands of male faces could be made to fit well
enough over lhe tramp photos to trick the imagination?
The authors have not been able to get near Hunt,
but they reproduce a long lnterview with Sturgis, who
brags suggestively about assassination plots from his
years in Cuba, but who sounds plaus-Ible enough when
denying any participation in the Kennedy murder. His
speech is that of a shrewd, wholly Insensitive man.
"For instance, Fidel," he says; "when I was in Cuba
there, I told my CIA contact, I said, look pass the word
upstairs, you want me to kill Fidel, I'll kill him ... I
was close with Fidel." He says he was approached once
by a CIA friend, before the Bay of Pigs invasion, about
,,
whelher he would ttnderta.lte a domestic assassination;
target unspecified. "I told him yes ..• " But the llis-
cussion apparently went no further.
Sturgis told author Michael Canfield that he . thinks
the Warren Commission Report was ''one big covcr-
up111 which is either a very odd remark or a very clev-
er one if he did, lndcetl, have something to do with the
Kenneqy assassination. He admlts that FBI agents vi·
sited him shortly after the President was killed. He
asked them why, and "they told me I was one person
they felt had the capabilities to do it. Heh, heh, heh.
They said 'Frank, if there's anybody capable of killing
can do it.' Heh, heh, thal's funny. I told them, 'I'm not
mad at you or nothing, I had nolliing to do with it, but
that ~muses me.' ''
Canfield's interview with Sturgis does nothing at all
to justify the book's theory of a CIA ~ination, but
to some disgruntled taxpayers it may justify the book's
price. Probably it is worth $11.95 to get a clear picture
of the sort of man the well-bred Ivy Leaguers of the
CIA have been sending around the world to defend
Mom and apple pie. ·
Sturgis ls a side issue, however. If there were a con·
spiracy, who stood to gain by it? The authors say,
rather categorically, that Lyndon Johnson had no p3.rt
In it. It ill difficult lo see how Richard Nixon, who
seems to have been mentioned as an all-purpose \'il-
lain, could have profited. The authors say unconvin-
cingly that two gl'oups, the a.nti-Castro .cuba}'l exiles
and the Mafia (whose gambling operations in Cuba
Castro had terminated) were bitter becallSe Kennedy
failed to order a second air strike during the Bay of
Pigs invasion. Perhaps, but were they biller enough to
car:y out a tisky assassination that could serve no pur-
pose but lhal oC vengeance? Why 11ol approach the
problem directly. and kill Castro?
The Warren Commission Report ls wormy with in-
consistencies, but until some conspiracy fan answera
these questions more believably than they are an-
swered by Weberman and Canfield, the Report's mam
conclusion will have to stand: that Oswald, a deranged
loner, killed Kennedy, and lhat he did it by himself.
S~ow is a free-lanre writer based in New llamp'""sl_ii:....: . ~
... re...._ ' ----"
 that the Essex Junto "was made up
of 'men of education and property'
... speaking of themselves as the
'wise and good and rich,' qualified by
birth, education and property to
rule." In spite of the current George
C. Lodge's insistence on change, you
cannot as you read such things sup-
press the thought that like breeds like
and there is nothing new under t he
sun. - MEDFORD EvANs
Coup D'Etat In America: The
C.I.A. And The Assassination of
John F. Kennedy
.._ by Michael Canfield and Alan J .
Weberman, Foreword by U.S.
Representative Henry B. Gonza-
lez. The Third Press, Joseph Ok-
paku Publishing Company, 444
Cen tra l Park West , ew York
10025; 314 pages, $11.95.
OF EVEN more current interest than
the assassination of John F. Ken-
nedy is the current interest in the
assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Why do we now read and hear so
much of a matter which was so long
regarded by so many as either solved
or insoluble? For myself I have al-
ways been interested in the subject,
and (if you will forgive my saying so)
labeled the event a coup d'etat nearly
nine years ago. (See AMERICAN OPIN-
ION for September 1967.) Further, I
implicated the C.I.A. By myself,
however, I seem to have provoked
comparatively little interest; like
Longfellow's arrow, the article fell to
earth I knew not where. Now, a de-
cade later, am I finding the arrow
"still unbroke" in the heart of an
Okpaku?
The title Coup D'Etat/ln/America
is printed on the publisher's jacket
and title page in three lines, as indi-
cated by t he foregoing slash marks,
to emphasize t he acrostic C/I/ A.
N 'importe, as we say. (We do?)
JUNE, 1976
What counts is that the idea take
root. I am gratified that publisher
Joseph Okpaku says in a prefatory
note that "changing the American
President is tantamount to changing
the government: And to the extent
that this is brought about vio-
lently . . . such a process of change
is essentially a coup d'etat." Let
knowledge grow from more to more.
Authors Canfield and Weberman,
however, have screwed up the idea.
What t hey say is that Kennedy "was
doomed" because by reversing Eisen-
hower's anti-Castro policy* he " had
alienated the most reactionary and
powerful elements in American so-
ciety," among which they include not
only t he C.I.A. but also " the Foreign
Policy Establishment, " an expression
which if it means anything means
the Council on Foreign Relations
(C.F.R.). Now anyone who believes
t hat the C.F.R. is " reactionary" is on
some kind of trip from reality; in
fact, the letters could j ust as well
stand for Conspiracy For Revolution,
elite division . " All professions are
conspiracies against the laity,"
said Bernard Shaw, who must have
known, and you don't get into the
C.F.R. (of which t he object is a New
World Order) without being at the
top of your profession.
I do agree that Kennedy was
doomed because he had alienated the
C.I.A. "I have learned one thing from
this business, " J.F.K. told Arthur
Schlesinger regarding the Bay of Pigs
fiasco, " - that is, we will h ave to
deal with CIA ." H e threatened to put
Bobby on them . We all know what
happened to Bobby, too.
We need not in this review go into
all the matters of fact with which
•i t was Eisenhower, of course, who in Decem-
ber 1958 ordered Batista to leave Cuba, a nd
thus turned the island over to Castro. See
Ambassador Earl E .T . Smith's book, The
Third Floor.
65
the authors "document" their theory,
since that t heory rests on such a
theoretically unsound basis - i.e. ,
that the C.F.R. is "reactionary."
Many of their facts could be better
used to support a theory that the
CJ.A. was indeed involved in the
murder of President Kennedy (as,
no doubt, were other government
personnel, for that matter), but that
command of the operation came
from the top of the Left, not the top
(or any other level) of the Right.
One of Canfield and Weberman's
stranger remarks is that by 1963,
" Orders had come down from up-
stairs that Kennedy must die . . . ."
(Emphasis added.) "Upstairs" from
the C.I.A. is the President; or is sup-
posed to be. Since in this case it could
not be the President, who was indeed
the chosen victim, who do Canfield
and Weberman think "upstairs"
was? My own belief is that Michael
H.B. Eddowes bas in this instance a
better answer in his book entitled,
Khrushchev Killed Kennedy . The
K.G .B. has lines into the C.I.A. ;
when John F. Kennedy threatened
the C.l.A. he was threatening an ar-
rangement with the K.G.B. Or so, on
the record of, for instance, Kim
Philby, it must appear.
My own feeling is that though the
Kennedy murder was primarily polit-
ical - or at least t he political aspect
of it is what must interest us most
profoundly - yet personal motiva-
tions may well have been also in-
volved. In this connection it seems
appropriate to note that return of
public attention to that deadly day in
Dallas has been paralleled by abrupt
release of apparently long withheld
information concerning the outra-
geous porno life of the Kennedy
brothers, which it seems was not con-
fined to remote C happaquiddick.
Why is Camelot suddenly confused
with Sodom and Gomorrah? And es-
66
pecially why are reprises of the as-
sassination and new flashes of old sex
in the White House synchronized?
Could it be to suggest that the murder
was not political after all? (But, as I
have indicated, it could well have
been both political and personal.) Or
could it be to lay a ground for whoever
will to think that the man more or less
had it coming? -MEDFORD EVANS
James I
by Otto J Scott. Mason/Charter,
New York; 472 pages, $12.50.
EVER HEAR of George Buchanan
(1506-1582)? It is impossible to read
Otto Scott's account of the genius
and exertions of Buchanan without a
new appreciation of Dr. Johnson's
accusation, "Sir, the Scotch are a
conspiracy against the rest of man-
kind." (No, please! Not only are some
of my best friends Scots, I am one
quarter Scot myself.)
George Buchanan was tutor to
James I, whose mother was Mary
Queen of Scots. No boy could have
avoided crucial influence by so bril-
liant a tutor; no boy could have
avoided being dazzled by so beaut· -
ful a mother. No boy could have
grown up normal when such a tutor
was so deadly an enemy of such a
mother. But Jam es I , whom Henry IV /
of France called "the wisest fool in
Christendom," was King of England
(1) when the Authorized Version of
the Bible, cu stomarily called the
King James version, was issued; (2)
when Shakespeare the unique was at
his productive heigh t; and, (3) when
Jamestown was established in Vir-
ginia and Plymouth established in
Massachusetts. How can you under-
stand America if you know nothing
of James I?
Please don't take my rhetorical
question to mean that you must know
all the relevant history before you
AMERICAN OPINION
 "Some people iust HAVE to go back to the office and say THEY caught the last rays .•• "
Hou:ard Hunt drops JFK-plot libel suit
WATERGATE burglar E. Howard Hunt has
droppt'd hl... $2.5 mWAon libel suit against the
authors of Coup d 'Etat ht America, which
contains ailegaUon.'i that Hunt and fellow-
Wah.'r~att>r Frank Sturgis masternllnded the
John I''. Kennedy aiu,wutlnatlon after 1tett1nr
up Lf-e Ha.rwy Oswald to take the rap. Hunt,
the carP1•r ( ' IA spy whose co'Ver was blown by
tht• Watt•r1rate arrest, mysteriously dropped
tht> Hult art••r slx y.-ani of expenalve litigation
Ju1>t a1; Jury selection was set to begin In fed-
eral rourt In Fort Lauderdale, Fla., where
Hunt llvt•i.. ThlH mt'ana that authors A.J.
Weht•rman and MkhM.'J Can11eld can move
~--- · -- -- . .....
_...._ ""_
page ve rsion of the work. They say they also
plan to do a movie based on the book. C'OllJ' lit
clalmcd to be based on st~lu. of government
dot•Urnf"nt& and transcripts Of lour St•parate
otndal lnvffilt;atlons. The most dramatic .....
iwrtlon ln the book lnvolvPs the so-c11.lh•d
"tramp photo1<'' takPn In Dallas on Nov. 22,
· 1963. The authors dalm two rnf"n dressed as
hobo4•1> BN' thP Hplttlng Images or Hunt and
Sturgti.. WPl>t>rman told our Richard Johnson
that Hunt sued for IJbel because "he felt I
wu a penniless Vlpple and thought he could
~t a default Judgment." {U Hunt felt that
way, It might very well be be<:au~ W.-bt•r·
- --- ...._ __ a-- • ...__ - - . . .4 l-...1.-.-..1
Ylpple "carbologtst" who garnered research
mat erial from the trash cans of celebs Uke
Bob Dylan and Richard Nixon.) Webf"rman
hlttd lawyer Bruce Stahl and cot depositions
from ex-ClA director Richard Helm1t and for-
mt-r countl'r-lnteWgence chief Jami's AnKle·
fon. Thf' defense also Uned up wltneSH<'M llke
Rf"p. He nry Gonzalez (D-Tex.), who headed a
eongrNuiltmal Investigation Into the usllll!ll·
nation, and reportf"rs from Time and 60
Mtnu.tt·:r. Stahl i.ays he's disappointed the suit
was dropped because an open trlal In federal
court, with witnesses ~r aubpc>na, would
luave ~n the best way of ftndlng out what TODD ALLEN: fast times
~~
-' - - - -ll....JJ_ .._______---....__• ...__. .a.-• • _. _ ....._ • ·- -
The
People
Who
Bombed
The Capito
Are Now
In The
Magazine
Business

Also:
 November 1976 MORE 7

ing, we should do it our-

selves." There are, however, Coup d'etat in America: The m en ' s rese mblance to the
no present plans to "do it our-
selves." A ll this from the man
DID HUNT C. I. A . and the Assassination of " tramp pho tos " of thr ee
John F. Kenne<(l1. Hunt claims hobos picked up on the day of
who spen t thousands of dol-
lar s to co-sponsor and cover KILL JFK? that the book, written by A.J . th e assassina tion by Dallas
Weberman and M ichael Can- police. Acetate transparencies
an expedition Lo hunt for the No, Says Howard, field , accuses him and Wat er - of Hunt and Sturgis are pro-
Loch Ness monster. Suing for $2.5 Million ga te burglar Frank Stu rgis of v ided with th e book , and
At The Washington Post, pl a nn ing and exec uting readers are invited to place
metropo l itan edit or L en E. H oward Hunt Jr. i s Kennedy's murder wi th th e th em over the tramp ph otos
Downey says the edi tor s were pu rsu ing a $2.5 million libel hel p of C.l .A . and M afia con- and draw their own conclu-
" wary of co ming under con- sui t against Third Press pub- spirators. Th e authors based sions.
trol of an outside news organ- lishing house over the book their case largely on the two - RS
ization " and concerned with
the team 's "credibility.'' Ac-
co rdingly, said Downey , the
Post was sending its own re-
porter to "work in a coopera-
ti ve manner" in Phoeni x -
which seems to m ean tha t said
reporte r wi ll cover th e
activities of the 18-member
investiga tory team .
- ROBERT S Y DER

PEOPLE
PART II?
N. Y. Times Considering
New Picture Mag
The New >'ork Times m ay
be impossibly high-mi nded.
but The New York Times
Com pany j ust wan ts to see the
bottom lin e. Accordi n gl y.
they' re b u~ly agembling a
ne.w pictu r,e-and-capti on m ag-
a~m e t?at s mtended to be a
'
I am not a tramp:. Howard Hunt (right) claims he ll'OSn 't the hobo (/e_/i) pick ed up by Dallas
~p_o_h_c_
e _o_n~_o_~_1_11_
be_1~
7
-_

Chro111cle's publisher whose

· f ai r , and M yra Pell , the
direct ri val to People. Th e pro-
jec t -wh i c.h pre se n tly in-
volves des1gnmg a dummy
issue and will probably i n-
clude some marketin g tests in
1977-is now under way at the
offi ces of Family Circle,
anoth er Tim es Co m pa ny
holding. The new maga zi ne
wi ll mos t likely be a weekl y.
2.~1_9_
6J_.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Eq11ot1011, th e not-so -subtle
new roman aclef who e plot is
A uth or W arr en Adler ,
meanwhile. is itchi ng for a
husband commi tted suicide. outlined above, Bradlee ho- la wsui t that will "make th e
Bu t Gold also has G u nders- h um m ed th e who l e th ing. b ook." Says the fearl ess
Lein -H arold Gunderstein - "No o ne's read it that I know storyt eller: " I wrote it as I saw
the ace i nves tigative reporter of." he claimed . "There's no it. . . . 1 expect to take m y
wh o singlehandedly toppled a i nterest here." l umps, but c 'est la l'ie."
pr es iden ti al admini stra t ion Calvin Fentress
for th e Chronicle. ow Gun-
derstein is on to some damag-
ing evidence abou t Senator
Burt o n Henderso n , Presi-
dential candida te and fa vor ite

BEN&SAL, of ick Gold. Seems Hender -

son was mixed up in the 1963

BEN&KAY Diem assassination . Will Gold

Fam iliar Characters Dot
Steamy D.C. Novel
Th e story so far : N i ck
Gold , executive editor of the
Wa~ h ingto 11 Chronicle, has two
women in his li fe : Jennie
Lynn . his top societ y writer
with whom he's ha ving an af-
publish the story'? Does any-
one ca re?
Be n Bratll ee - exec uti ve
edi tor of Katherin e Graham 's
Washington Post, roommat e
of his star society reporter
Sally Qu i nn and longt ime
chum of JFK- sure as hell
doesn ' t. Or so he says. Com-
menting on Th e Henderson Bradlee and Graham : Factors i11 The Henderso n Equation ?
 .(q a111q
. ,. . . .. -, --.•--r--1--- -.··1..,··· -- - . . . . ., ., ....... -. - , ,

~
'aA11owOJ01 :>µpara a41 Japun 1 Jllllt JoJ snq pa4s
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punoJ seM snq ain_;o arn lUOJJ pal!Sup U!!JI :>µ
lOi\ lJ aqJ, ·pl.Dlnl1! spJeA JO spaJpunq ·paJnr
·sJa1snq p;uane:>s aJ3.¥. s1at1Jl1!S Ja1nea1 aJaM SJa8uai:sed J
ll a)\ew pU1! Sll~llOOtl:>S paJa1111 .,, .h(SJnlt?WaJd uado
anmas -1aw pa1Sl-"l '5a!POQ JOS\Jf?d J!Jj!Jl f? JillJ1! )fJIJ
...-. .

LOS ANGELE S
The Weather

ER
Showers may continue over the weekend in the
Angeles Basin and Southern California interior. coastal an
mountairi refgions along with occasional high winds.
High temperatw-es will be mostly in the 60s in coast
sec;t1ons and 40s through 50s in the mountains. Overnight lo
will be 42 to 52 m coastal areas and 30s to low 40s in th
m United Press lnternot1onol mountains.
CLASSIFIED AOVERllSING Richmond 841 11 High temperatures Will be 58 lo 68 m high deserts and 6
t often to 75 in low deserts. Overnight Lows will be in the upper 30
VOL CIV N0.344 PRICE 35 CENTS through 40s in high deserts and 40s to low 50s in low deserl

with
dehn-
lelter
I. and
o pay
I to a
smal l

r you
nade
...
very
s a
Plus

del·
etic
cast
1udy
now
ree:
me
ep-

·-·- ~·--~·--~
 Founded on Photos
Bv JOHN CREWDSON
New York Times News Service
WASHINGTON - The Rockefeller Commission on the
Central Intelligence Agency is looking into allegations that the
CIA was somehow involved in the assassination of President
Kemedy in 1963, according to rnformed sources close to its
investigation.
One focus or the commission's inquiry, the sources said.
is the recent assertion of a group headed by Dick Gregory, the
comedian and civil nghts activist, that E. Howard Hunt Jr,
was seized by the Dallas police near the Kennedy assassina-
tion site within m~utes of the shooting.
Hunt, convicted two years ago of conspiring to carry out
the Watergate bugging plot, was a clandestine political officer
for the CIA at the time President Kennedy was murdered.
The Gregory group·s charge is rounded on photographs
published last year in underground ne\\spapers and elsewhere
purp<1rtmg to show HW!t and Frank A. SturJtis. anoth>'r Cl! the
convicted Wateq:~te burgl;lrs, .bemg led hv Uu• !lOli.,! e a» ·ip
....,;;;;-.~'i-...__ i5n s• ass.~ Rmllr tl<Tbss from the Texas School Book
Depository BUildmg.
Hunt, in testimonv bcforn the R<>ckefelit>r Commc;sion,
reportedly demed that· he was in Dallas at tile time of !lie
assassination or that he knew Sturgis then.
Sturgis reportedly was employed by the CIA as an
operative in the Miami area round the t1111e of the agency-
mspired Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba m 1961
The School Book Depository was identified in the final
report of the Warren Commission, which investigated the
Kennedy assassination, as the location from which Lee
Harvey Oswald fired the shots that killed President Kennedy
and wounded John B. Connally. then governor of Texas, as
they passed by in a motorcade.
David W. Belin, the executive director or the panel
headed by Vice President Rockefeller. the presidential com-
mission of GrA activities within the United States, declined
Friday to comment on specific areas or the panel 's inquiry or
on any tentative conclusions it might have reached.
The commisswn has decided, Belin said, to release its
findings about the nature and scope of the CIA's domestic
activities only after its investigation has been completed.
Belin , an Iowa lawver who served as a counsel to the
Warren Commission, said that although it was not hfs inten-
tion to "reopen the entire investigation of the assassination"
of President Kennedy, ''the allegation has been made that the
CIA, and particularly Hunt, was in Dallas on 22 Nov. 196.t "
After leaving the Warren Commission, Belin wrote a
book analyzing its work entitled, "You Are The Jury,"
supporting the conclusion that Oswald was the lone killer of
ooth President Kennedy and J.D . Tippit, a Dallas police
officer slain shortly afterward outside a movie theater.
Hunt also reportedly denied a report, which has lately
gained some currency among amateur assassination in-
vestigators, that he met Oswald in Mexico City in 1963 wlule
serving as chief of the CIA station there.

EDITOR'S REPORT
JFK and
the CIA
COUP D 'ET AT IN
A."\IERICA: The CIA and the
Assassin&tion of .John F .
Kennedy, by 1\lic•ba.el Canfield
and Alan J. WebeTma.D (The
Third rress, $ll.95).
This book argues that Ken-
nedy was kiUed by CIA and
:\1afia-connected conSjpirators for
failing t-0 t>rovide air support for
the Bay of Pigs .invasion.
Trans.parent acetate overlays
enable the reader to compare
the uhree "tramps" picked up
near the scene of the murder
wiith photographs of some oC the
Watergate burglars. There are
many photos, reprodudions of
\ F B I -and Secret Service
documents, and references.

.IWhe1 her these s uspicions are

justified or not, obviously the
mabter must be investigated if

I!
Ar.ericans are to retain (or
rega.in) any confidence in their
government.
 THE MIAMI HERALD Sunday, November 23, 1975

OOubts Loom Larger Over th~Y~ars

'Jn Question of Who l(illed l(ennedy
By VICTORIA GRAHAM
Associated Press
Doubt will not depart. rt intrudes
the grave_ of President John F. &-
ted t
~unmen, that he
he had a double
ib.erately assas-
Y Ill a coverup.
VN is that Os-
r~e~s~:::'~~~~~~.,._..,,.__
c~ey were CIA operative
ard Hunt and Frank Stur i ,
later connected wi!.h
burg~ -
th vf s. both
e atergate
I
1.S. tntelli,gence MrCHA --
~Cted to the So- ~ J W b EL CANFIELD and Alan
tried to go to / b~k e erman have Written a new /
)assed out pro- d' ~n the CIA theory. "Cou
' etat l1l America " Th
wilh t ·
' the evidence of the '::~5;':[~nt overlays,. picture~
ey reprint
. P
I
single-assassin "In 196 ramp-assassins.
don't who who bein 3 Kennedy's murder was J
pertsg r;!~~h~ed bhy assassination ex-
doesn't know m t e Central lnteU"
gence
Y do. Conspir~ claim Oswald. Agencv " th . I- /
~vas ey wnte. They
•ofve the CIA, a '·patsy" but t ha CTA a~ent and '
•s, alone or in \ The no t e assassin.
lhe a%sas~i~a~regory suggest that
elf. 1
m Anson, in J:>ne of a takei:1erw:rs ;;1y.
'e Killed the the eHte and by intellige enca by
phase
Mafia con. c1es that w Id nee agen-
Lid from lhe al Jibert" ou spy. er?de ind1vidu-
had everv- Jeade rs. ies and d1scred1t ci\'il·rights
y's assassi-
) lose," he Oth~r tJ1eories suggest that th
assassmat1on was a cons · e
I
Cuban exiles who wanted ~1racy '?Y
i Cuban- thei'. dproperty. Some claimo i~e~a:
! was to carne out on orders fr0 C
to avenge the Ba f m_ astro
ssinalion Cuban missile crisis.Y o Ptgs and

THE LARGEST SELECTION
OF NEW PLATFORMS
. GEORGE BUSH DOES W NT
You To R1 o TH1s BooK
.A .A
lHOWAIOHIM Mmtl I' TIAllP I I /'l2 /63
The connection
between Dallas
and Watergate
MERICA
byAlanl K'eberman
and Michael Canfield
FOREWORD BY HENRY 8. GONZA1.£Z
CHAIRMAN, HOUSE BANKING (OMMflm
PUBLISHED BY Qu10< AMERICAN AROfMS
SAN FRANc1sco, CAuFORNIA
(800) 428-7825 Exr.1 02
AVAIWl.f AT 800KSTORES EVERYWHERE.
.. ...
No SL;Ch contradicto
concepts lll\C urfaced in
lanche, wluch a u ual is~
sex, moo ), and power.
complex fc r all time. Madi
Pope, shc'J probably;ust
believes m women's righ1
OT chams, to \ hip 50 guys, t
Se.\ book has been so h1
inspired pa1 od1es before i
sonal inquu cs like. "Hav1
)Ou get Se.\ in the mail?"
though I did receive an in
up, bo<l1celik.. black card '
not gagged, :\ladonna be
And v.hnt lurked at In
remove-your-matenaJ grrl
ofautocro11c 1ublic1t)., So
er uncut goodi.. Chocolate-
gcrous sweets People fau
people simpl raux-nailin1
@UC<;c; h tiling we
m fact wa~ the bo
case, guarded bv goons) an
the proceeds g in towan
Bui she was lllere in hel
v..c: all looked i a mirror
Sporung brcast·snaped bra1
Heidi cum Eva Hraun, Ma
about her quc~t for "perf
crowds clamored and. unbo
Stone (\\ ell her n"me ll'a.s ~
actress) was haulro awa"
babies to gel rnto this 001
peak, the) munnured, "Th
a colostom} bag." It did hi
e the 1ablcauA ~h1ch DO'
gin m a roped-off Stttion u
force-wea el his w~y into.
agam "This 1s superb. Arn
.A Lee Roth. "She' pe3long."
l llOWAIO llUPf1 \\'hen dtd I hear that befi
But no more anal_2mg A
~tupctymgl} scholart;.:.boo
alrc:ad) put m the I st v.{
mctamorpho:.1s hcckons Lo
own c11:cons1ruction:,, bur
rcft o p~rsonal truiners. bot
Madonna's uwn plas11c1t) n
oppre.s.~1ve meaning~ 9f co
women." Pleas<' let 11 at b
Other celebnt> obses:.100
the night, nil over this slea;
Tori Spefllng insisting, • I'm
declanng, .. LA. 1s so plaSl
"llh his penis out at Lime
and Coppola DraC'Ula Gary C
and not sa)ing an~rhing as
bourg-h1s date. hke the co
And that wasn't the fir.JI
own Waterlandc\cnt at Mar
no !>lgn of Jeremy Irons, '.\I
Pirandello play starring tu
than rush to 1h1s now Bed
people with thm hps anywa)
Reservoir Dogs-a tidy, e~
effects of betrayal-everyo
direc1or, Quentin Tarantino.

....
 ( .
C·

~;\ ·'~:)~~~~~i~tsui~;,~~V.
j••
;.
$2.5-mifliori'iibel suit ·brought-by Mtaml resi-
. · ·dent and convicted Watergate burglar E. Howar~
: "Hunt .against two. N~w Yor~ authors and their
:· " publisher w~.s dropped yesterday. O(I. the /~_Ye of
· . the trial. the ~~sociated Pre:>s reports: Jury s~-
:.. lection was .scheduled to begin · to~ay 1n the SUit
·. filed over .what .Hunt said were :hbelou~ state-
' ments in the book, "Coup d'Etat in America: Th~
' CIA and the Assassination of Johf\ ,F. Kennedy .
. -::The suit was filed in 1976 against authors Al~n
· . :··Weber man and Michael Canfield, Th.e Third
Press-Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co.. of N.e~
:-.York City and book 1 ed.i tor M~rla ·Garcia _ Feltc1-
ano. Hunt's lawyer. Elhs Rubin. · alleged in the
·.. . complaint that .the book .said ~unt . and the CIA ,
. were responsible for the assassinations .ot Pres1-
·•~ dent John F:,l<ennedy and .the Rev ..Ma~tin L.uther ..
.:::::King.· In .his. statement_. r9wev~r, Ru~m said no.;
: " :money damages were involved m lh~ ~ett~eme,n.~. .
. ··,The ·attorney cited financl~I : cons1deraMn.s ,!r,l ·:·
: ·,aunt's deeision to drop the suit. In 19~1. a.f~d.er- ..,,
. ·'al court jury awarded Hunt $~5~.000 m a s1m1lar ::
. : suit against Libe_rty L~bby •. P.:~Ph:S~-~..o~. ~.~e ta~.;.. :
·1oid Spotlight. · . ~ . : ., ·.;· '~ ,~ ~ :; . , ... .. . . .. . .,.. ~-.:.;
I
 I I
"Some people just HAVE to go back to the office and say THEY caught the last rays
llowa1·d Hu1it drops JFK-plot libel suit.
\\!1\TEltG1\TE burghu E. llov.·ard llunt hus
dropped h..L.;; $2.5 1nl1Uon libel suit against lhe
authors of Coup d'Etat in America, ,..,.hlch
contains alleJ,:"utlons that. l!unt and fellow-
\Vutergatcr Frank Sturgis nu1.stermlndcd the
John F. Kennc..-dy assu.ssinatlon after set.Ung
up Lt.."C Harvey Oswald to take the rap'. llunt,
lhe career CIA spy ¥.•hose cover n·us hlo"'n by
the \\'utt•rg1Lte arrest., n1yst-crlously drop1>t.."<I
the suit ufter six years of cxp4~nsh·e llti~uUon
just. us jury seh~ction was set to t>eK!n ht fed-
eral court in Fort. Lauderdulc, Fln., where
Hunt lives. This n1ean.s thut H.uthors A.J.
\\'cb••rn1un und l'ttlcha.cl CunC1+!1d can 111ove
· ..,,.. ..,,.,1.11._-h J\n UJlrlnfp•1 1200-
l)age \'CrsJon of the '"'ork. They .suy they also
plan to do u. rnovle based on the book. Coup Is
clahned to be based on stacks or govern1nent.
documenLo; and transcripts or four separate
ofrlchd ln\'estlgatlons. The n1ost. dran1atlc lL~­
scrtlon In the book In\'olvcs the so-called
"tru.rnp photos" taken In l)allas on ~·o,•. 22,
· 1963. The authors clalm two 1ncn dressed as
hobi.es ure the spit.ting hna~es or llunt and
Sturgl.s_ \\'cbt:rruan told our 1-tlchurd ,Johnson
that llunt sued for libel becHusc "he felt I
was a penniless 1i'lpplc und thought he could
J:"Ct a default judi:-1nent.." {If llu-nt felt that.
"''ay, It n1ight very \\'ell be bccuusc \Vcber-
man ha..'> In t.ht! past Indeed be(•11 knu"'n us a
J • -
,,
J'lpplc "g-arbologist" who garnered rescnrch
1nntcrial frorn the trash cans of celcbs like
Bob Uylun and Rlchn.i-d 'Nixon.) \Vebern1an
hlrL"<I ln\li'YCr Un.tee St.ahl and got depositions
from cx-ClA director Richard llelnis and for-
mer i!ounter-lntelllgence chJef James Angle-
ton. 'l'he defense also lined up witnesses like
Rep. llenIJ' Gom.a1ez. (D-Tex.), ""ho headed n
rongressloual lnvestlgntlon Into the assassi-
nation, und reporters from Time s.nd 60
'.-1
J\liriute.s. Stahl says he's disappointed the suit
"''as dropped because an open trla.l ln federal F
court, \\'Ith "•ltnc~s under subpena, \Vould
hu.ve bee.n the ~t \lf.'RY ot flndlng- out \Vhat TODD ALLEN:°%~1
"reu.lly" happent-d that dlly in Dalllls.
PR0DUC1;R Lester I
 September 12, 1975 ..,
•. t
;.
Messrs. Michael Caufield and
Alan J . Weberman
c/o Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co., Inc.
444 Central Park West
New York, New York 10025
Re : Coup D'tat in America
Gentlemen :
We are pleased to inform you that you are among
the prominent 1975 authors selected for a featured
Books West '75 appearance at BooksWest '75. Your Fall book has
content that the reading public attending this event
would definitely find stimulating .
Advisory Board Featured authors at BooksWest '75 appear in various
Mns. BLANCHE CAMPBELL
Campliell's Books (Ret.)
formats (talks, panels, debates, etc.) . We would
Mn. D1c e Y DtEHL
appreciate your contacting BooksWest to discuss the
Book Rei;ieu; Editor format appropriate for your appearance and, of course,
LrM Anµcles Times to discuss your availability for BooksWest '75 in
Mu. Sn:vEN F1sKE
P11l>lisl1er's Representatii;e
November.
Dia// Delacorte
Mn. Eucrr LEONARD Very truly yours,
President

j()~/(//),_ ,,~/ '

Pickwick Bookstores
flfR. IRVING WALLACE

David R. Daw~"""'7
A11tlror

MR. D AVID DAWDY

Chairman Chairman, Author Selections
MR. GEORGE Trum:_~us
E~ec11t ive D irector cc: Ruth Davis

BooksW est '75 An Exposition of Books and Authors

Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, Nov. 14-16
2073 O utpost Dr., Hollywood, CA 90068 • (213 ) 874-0830
 THE TALI( OF THE TOWN •
- .
· l . ,,f tli: · ho11k . '·-:1
l hmlw rnl up ll" ' Ill ' . I I .
. .. I\ . I 'l'lu· T lunl Pn-,, 1;11 .1
.. u 1h1 l ·• ".' . I . l "C111111 ,l' ~· tat
h""k nn .li~pl :n .: nllt n .
.
111
\
• in.:
1· 1
' I ,.
•·.
h\ :\ !11.
-
had
C .1 n fi1: lcl I \ \ d'l r -
: 1111l • \\.Ill . •

111;111.
·1·1 t l . T hinl P n· ~~ ll·pn·- I k
~l· 111:1ti ' l' !>:1i1I di:it thl "'''
.w a::: ab1111 t I lt<. ''-•• I • • \ · • \1111 hl'
(cttl ltl 11 •t . \' ·111\
'•I • « nwr1:
thin ,..
I . ''Y1111' ll h:I\\.' Ill t:ilk
:1 11 >ll l It. · 1·1 . l p .. ·~
( )kl 1·1k11 th \.' l l l"I lt: .
l" J"~"l' I1 . • . , l .
·. "l . . · 1 " Bttt h1: i~ 111 l\."ll".
l \l°l"°'llk llt, II ~,l\\' I '-
II < : tl~n 11111, :1 t r:t' \.' :1;;1•I \ l'\ , .."' 111\ h l" '
••lit lf:\I .. !ltll C!· "

PLAYBOY
Luck and the C.l.A.
LatM this month, Joiteph Okpaku's
,.LAYSOY: C:o1111t'rH·d ·now? What arc )"<Hl Third Prr~;s will publish a book, R
tl' yin g w s:1y? year In prcp:iratlon, hy lnvestl~aton
AGEE: J11s1 \\'hal I said. Th ai·, :di I know. Michael Canfit'ld :1lld J\lnn J. Weber·
man.
Bui by 1hc 1i111c rhis i111l' r"i"11· :1pp\.':11·,,
Called •·coup ll'Etat In America,
a lol or thCH' 1h i11gs '1Jay h :11 l" Clllllt: tll\I. the C.l.A. and lhe Assaulnatlon of
J hope so. Tha t's . rt.::tlly all I /:11011 •. I John F. KC'nncdy,'' the title atone has
ca n g!ve you a11 •, PJ!.i1~io11. d1oi_1·~h •. ' "'. the ring of mnn C'y, ond Mr. Okpnku
what 11'~ worth. Knowmg 1ltt· C.I:\ a~ I cheerfully 11d mit ~ chat the fortulrous
do, I ca ll 1ell )Oii 1ha1 cH·1 ~1h i11~ I han: disclosures :1 fJ1Ju t the Central fn tel-
read aho ut th1: as)a:.sin:11io11 ol Pn:sitk11t ligencc Agen cy i11 rC'C<'llt months lend
Kcnn t'Cly-Lcc 1 larn·y o,"·at<l·, l1:n k· credence and <;a lrahility to the in-
vestigative worl;.
ground . J:icl. Ruh)' ' h .1d:g ru1111cl . 1111· The :wo-pai::c hook, with 70 paacs
phowgr:iph th:tt ~tTlll~ l" pl.ill' . I . or which are in the form ot an · ap- '
H owa rd H uul a t the scene of 1ht crnm·. pendix of d ocuments, purport. to
the my~tl·rio u~ 1lc:11h' or "' 111:111 ) pen p li· show that Lee Han•ey Oswald was a
i11voh l'<l--e vcq•1hi11g 111akcs m e \ l' l y "deep-cover" C. l.J\. ogent who acted
smpiciOll\ o r 1hc \Varrl'll C:o111mi"i1111\ for the agcrrry In klllinc the Pn!~l­
vcnio11 o r what happened . dent 111 Novcmher, 1963.
 that the Essex J unto "was made up
of 'men of education and property'
... speaking of themselves as the
',vise and good and rich/ qualified by
birth,. education and property to
rule." In spite of the current George
C. Lodge's insistence on change, you
cannot as you read such things sup-
press the thought that like breeds like
and there is nothing new under the
sun. - lvIEDFORD EVA-l'.'.S
Coup D'Etat In America: The
C.I.A. And The Assassination of
John F. Kennedy
by 1vfichael Canfield and Alan J.
Weberman, Foreword by U.S.
Representative Henry B. Gonza-
lez. The Third Press, Joseph Ok-
\ Policy Establishment 1 " an expression
paku Publishing Company, 444
Central Park West, New York
10025; 314 pag.es, $11.95.
OF EVEN more current interest than
the assassination of John F. Ken-
nedy is the current interest in the
assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Why do we now read and hear so
much of a matter \vhich \Vas so long
regarded by so many as either solved
or insoluble? For myself I have al-
ways been interested in the subject,
and (if you will forgive my saying so)
labeled the event a coup d'etat nearly
nine years ago. (See AMERICAN OPIN-
ION for September 1967.) Further, I
'
\ implicated the CJ.A. By myself,
ho\vever, I seem to have provoked
comparatively little interest; like
Longfellow's arrow, the article' fell to
earth I knew not where. Now, a de-
cade later, am I finding the arrow
"still unbroke" in the heart of an
Okpaku?
The title Coup D'Etat/In/America
is printed on the publisher's jacket
and title page in three lines, as indi-
cated by the foregoing slash marks,
to emphasize the acrostic C/I/A.
N'importe, as we say. (We do?)
JUNE, 1976 f\f"l/';(l(( {1'/J 0 P(tf( (/ ;J
What counts is that the idea take
root. I am gratified that publisher
Joseph Okpaku says in a prefatory
note that "changing the American
President is tantamount to changing
the government: And to the extent
that this is brought about vio-
lently . , . such a process of change
is essentially a coup d'etat." Let
kno\vledge gro\v from more to more.
Authors Canfield and Weberman,
hovvever have scre\ved up the idea.
1
What they say is that Kennedy "was
doomed" because by reversing Eisen-
hower's anti-Castro policy* he "had
alienated the most reactionary and
po\verful elements in American so-
ciety1" among which they include not
only the C.I.A. but also "the Foreign
which if it means anything means
the Council on Foreign Relations
(C.F.R.), Now anyone who believes
that the C.F.R. is "reactionary" is on
some kind of trip from reality; in
fact, the letters could just as well
, stand for Conspiracy For Revolution,
elite division. "All professions are
conspiracies against the laity, 11
said Bernard Shaw, who must have
known, and you don't get into the
C.F.R. (of which the object is a New
World Order) without being at the
top of your profession.
I do agree that Kennedy was
doomed because he had alienated the
C.I.A. "I have learned one thing from
this business," J.F.K. told Arthur
Schlesinger regarding the Bay of Pigs '·
fiasco, " ~ that is, \Ve \Vill have to
deal with CIA." He threatened to put
Bobby on them. We all know what
happened to Bobby, too.
\!-..,' e need not in this revie\V go into
all the matters of fact with which
'It was Eisenhower, of course, who in Decem-
ber 19ti8 ordered Bntista to leave Cuba, and
thus turned the island over to Castro. See
Ambassador Earl E.T. Smith's book, The
Third Floor.
65
the authors "document" their theory. j
since that theory rests on suth n
theoretically unsound basis - i.e.,
that the C.F.R. is " reactionary. "
Many of their facts could be better
used to support a theory that the
C.l.A. was indeed involved in the
murder of President Ke nnedy (as,
no doubt, were other government
personnel, for that matter), but that
command of th e operati on came
from t he top of the Left, not the top
(or any other level) of t he Right.
One of Canfield and Weberrnan's
stran'ger remarks is that by 1963,
"Orders bad come down from up-
stairs that Kennedy must die . . . . "
(Emphasis added.) "Upstairs" from
the CJ.A. is the President; or is sup-
posed to be. Since in this case it could
not be the President, who was indeed
the chosen victim, who do Canfield
an d Weberman t hink "upst airs"
was? My own belief is that Michael
H .B. Eddowes has in this instance a
better answer in his book entitled,
Khrushchev Killed Kennedy. The
K.G.B. has lines in to the CJ.A.;
when J ohn F. Kennedy t hreatened
the CJ.A. he was threatening an ar-
rangement with the K .G .B. Or so, on
the record of, for instance, Kim
Philby, it must appear.
My own feeling is that though t he
Kennedy murder was primarily polit-
ical - or at least t he political aspect
of it is what must interest us most
profoundly - yet personal motiva-
tions may · well have been a lso in-
volved. In this connection it seems
appropriate to note that return of
public attention to that deadly day in
Dallas has been paralleled by abrupt
release of apparently long withheld
information concerning th e outra-
geous porno li fe of the K enn edy
brothers, which it seems was not con-
fined to remote Chappaquiddick.
Why is Camelot suddenly confused
with Sodom and Gomorrah? And es-
66
pecially why are reprises of the as-
sassination and new flashes of old sex
in the White House synchronized?
Could it be to suggest that the murder
was not political after all? (But, as I
have indicated, it could well have
been both political and personal.) Or
could it be to lay a ground for whoever
will to th ink that the man. more or Jess
had it coming? - MEDFORD EVANS
J ames I
by Otto J. Scott. Mason/Charter,
New York; 472 pages, $12.50. \
I
EvER HEAR of George Buchanan
(1506-1582)? It is impossible to read
Otto Scott's account of the genius
a nd exertions of Buchanan without a
new appreciation of Dr . Johnson's
accusation, "Sir, the Scotch are a
conspiracy a ga inst the rest of man-
kind." (No, please! Not only are some
of my best friends Scots, I am one
quarter Scot myself. )
George Buchanan was tutor to
Jam es I, whose mother was M ary
Queen of Scots. No boy could have
avoided crucial influence by so bril -
liant a tutor; no boy could have
avoided being dazzled by so beauti-
ful a mother. No boy could have
grown up normal when such a tutor
was so deadly an enemy of such a '\
mother. But James I, whom Henry IV
of France called "the wisest fool in
Christendom," was· King of England
(1) when the Authorized Version of
the Bible, customarily called the '·
King James version, was issued; (2)
when Shakespeare the unique was at
his productive height; and, (3) when
J am estown was established in Vir- ·'
ginia and P lymouth established in
Massachusetts. How can you under-
stand America if you know nothing
of James I?
Please don't take my rhetorical
question to mean that you must know
all the relevan t history before you
AMERICAN OPINION
 6-3 f rtJor. A u:;.,~ t IS. lv-:'S . - . .. . . ... - .... - ... -_,.. - t
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d :?n1or..s :r~ tc tJ-.:; 1. r:rc;;:.. Hm:t wa~ r.~t in D;::il.;s on
!lio·;. ~t, 1 : ~3 . the Wul" · i <>::· m:,.,_10!1
d~nt Jobt: F f{\!n:... ',.: ·1 '" l S t~::.t l)~'.~.-. ., ~··:: · ,:;~ 21on2~
i<ilkci ~s ~· 1·,,:;::. l1. t :;;" n r.u, .\ ~ i ~'. ~ 11 ::>n1 th~ p~c.to
was l tie ..• .,,.·:~ 1i\ . i~ .-.1:1v
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tc c ·t ... n! : • ~ :1 chc in t.f cc;r- ev:~:-- Lie :!li!t ·C.i:-;:;·.!ill •~:!d ·
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cr~a~iz.cd c1 t ii'L~ u3~r:g !>ji i r :.~y t :1:?t !il!::s H ;! ~ t.
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w~tt':-eatt:; fr.h.>!!$ E. l iow- the c~! i c : •. i ~:·:.!:i ". \i0:-i ci
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; \ l''i 1.;.•;r.~ · l • i ·· i in th~
Lee Harvey O :;·.-.-~!d , nc - Glii l . . · b ~1 -~~'icciation l Pc!1 ..
r.i'} llC r.1.:d~ i:'lfr:mn:.;5 b:1 t,:;t.:< S C.:.J~ L:: :: ··.~. : :\1:1.
1

1 cordin" to t,,_•s th"o··v ·~· ..,·· .,~ r..~ h.:' :; '• ""' 1 .-!. ;sion-
a ' ' 1:~, ;·~··:,, .. ~;~t ;,:J \·.:. (~·~ S. '=1.
. ! U."" C~);1 t, .. l •: ~·.r t '. 1_-1
· - · --> .1 Ooi . . . l . "" ·' •
Sc·;.1c cf t i1~ i in ~.::: ju.> l :l! C.V'r1t4~:!~·:'~ 1Ji·· · ::J,1 ~·P.--
CIA to t<-kE: lhc r ;):o. He 0?:'1'.:n thl: ir.·;-"!.ii:;,\tion or
w:-:s kil!::.J by J~c~ P.1:by c!~ : 1 '( fit.
ts.e ;isr..'.: ~r.inJ : i on. Eut n ot
-ci~:·cr ~ h•:d in t f•r; :."."'lt :is bee --.u:-.::: oi th.::i i:.)ok.
a big-time! g:i n;;sl~ r - lo
 CALE'DAR, The Boston Globe, Jan\Jary 8, 1978
BOOl<S
·o swald
a 'patsy'?
~
;·
·r By f>atrick McGllliga'n
COUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA, by Mict1ael
•Canfield and AIRn J. Weberman . Third
World Press. 313 pp. $11.95.
"THEY'VE KILLED THE PRESIDENT/" by
Aobort Sam Anson. Bantam. 408 pp.
$2.50. .. .. . .
The world changed utterly on Nov. 22,·
1963, the day John F. Kennedy was as-
sassinated In Delles. He took a piece of
everybody with him, some last sore hope
or illusion. The doubt porslsts, even
. among Intelligent people, that the Viet-
nam War and Watergate would not have
occurred had the President lived. Both
events surely owe muct) to his tlmely as-
·SBSSlna\lon.
Who and why? - the haunting quostlons.
Today, 12 years later, nothing Is wholly
certain about Kennedy's death; not the
motive, the means or the opportunity,
."the three essentials," In Robert Anson's
words, "in any murder Investigation." The
Warren Commission report Is hotly de-
bated b y reasoned experts; polls show
t hat most American citizens dlsbelleve It.
.And now, two books, "Coup d'etat In
America" and " They've Kiiied the Presi-
dent!" (paperback) have been publlshed
to fuel suspicions that Lee Harvey Oswald
was (his own words upon arrest) "a
,.,... . .,, ..
,..o-+«"'u
U
Anson writes: " To bell~ve the Warren
Commission you must believe that bullets tail to support their theory that E. Howard
pause In midair and make 90-degree
right-hand turns; that a poor marksman
can do what experts cannot; that Newto-
nian laws of motlo. were not operating
on Nov. 22; that a man can be In two
·places at once; that atoms are able to
change their structure; that everything In
life is mere coincidence."
The Anson book Is persuasive reportage;
he writes skillfully, lrroslstlbly, turning tho supposed conspiracy) to the growing,
reader Into amateur sleu th. He touches
· all the corners - the smoke on the grassy
kn oll, the man with the umbrella, the
three anonymous bums, the "r.iysterious" · though more questions are being asked,
deathr- of witnesses, the International in-·
_trlguo, etc.
But he has the advantage of having di-
gested well, and borrowed extensively,
I
Assassin's view In Dallas.
from· the primary books available on the
subject: " Inquest and Countorplot," by
Edward Jay Epstein (which sugge sts that
the Warren Commission hurried Into Its
mistakes) ; "Six Seconds In Dallas," by
Josiah Thompson (which analyzes the Za-
pruder home movie to undermine the sin·
gle-assassln theory); and Mark Lane's
fOntroverslal "Rush to Judgement."
Canneld and Weberman (the latter fa-
mous In Ylpple circles as the "garbolog-
lst" who raided Dylan's trash In the
1960s) have written the more erratic
-treatment, unreadable In parts, specula-
tive, troubling In others.
The title suggests their hypothesis (one of
growing popularity In conspiracy circles),
that a "hit team" with mob, anti-Cuban , ,
and CIA connections, drawn by a com-
mon hatred for JFK's oppeasemel"I! <>'
Castro's Cuba, did t he deed.
They have unearthed some tontallzlng de-
Hunt and Frank Sturgis, two ol the Wa·
tergate burglars, were present on the
grassy knoll that day, Including an Inter-
view with Sturgis, In which the soldier of
fortune admits having been approached
once for a "domes\lc assassination."
lndlvldually, the books are indispensable
(they disagree, for example, on the num-
ber of Oswald "lookalikes" Involved In the
tent ative body of assassination literature;
together, they make a strong case for re-
opcn in~ the Dallas Investigation, even
perhaps, than can ever be satisfactorily
answered. ·
(Patrick McGiiiigan Is a member of The
.Globe staff.)
 CONTACT: GEORGE TRINKAUS
(:<13) 874-0830

NEWS from BooksWest '75

BooksWest '75, the first full-scale Southern California book

fair, announces that the Los Angeles Times is working closely
with the fair's coordinators to publicize the event. BooksWest
'75 is scheduled for November 14-16 at the Ambassador Hotel in
L.A. The L.A. Times will provide substantial publicity, including
a special BooksWest '75 edition of the Times Book Review on th_e
Sunday prior to the fair.
Open to the public, BooksWest '75 will feature author events
(talks, panels, debates, how-to's), over 100 publisher exhibits,
and twenty regional booksellers catering to holiday book buyers.
Exhibit and bookseller space is already 40 percent subscribed.
The reservation deadline is September 15.
According to David Dawdy, Chairman of the nonprofit fair, author
publicity is central to the event. Accordingly, the fair offers
an innovation called the Author-Publicity Booth. Rented on a daily
basis to publicists and authors, the Author-Publicity Booth p'ro-
vides an opportunity for fall authors, particularly California
authors, to display their' works, autograph, and meet the public.
This flexible arrangement supplements the featured author appear-
ances and the customary exhibit booths.
Mr. Dawdy and BooksWest Director, George Trinkaus, can be reached
at 2073 Outpost Drive, Hollywood, CA 90068, phone (Ll3)874-0830 or
5877. In New York call L.A. Times representative Les Turner (212)
697-6200.
 -· September 12, 1975

Messrs. Michael Caufield and

Alan J. Weberman
c/o Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co., Inc.
444 Central Park West
New York, New York 10025
Re: Coup D'tat in America
Gentlemen:
We are pleased to inform you that you are among
the prominent 1975 authors selected for a featured
Books West '75 appearance at BooksWest '75. Your Fall book has
content that the reading public attending this event
would definitely find stimulating.
Adr;isory Board Featured authors at BooksWest '75 appear in various
~f11s . BLANCllE C .u1rnELL formats (talks, panels, debates, etc . ). We would
C111111>lwl/'s Books (Rl't.) appreciate your contacting BooksWest to discuss the
1'-111. D1c:1w D1EHL format appropriate for your appearance and, of course,
/111111.: Rei:ieu: Editor
Lo.f A111!d<'s Ti111cs to discuss your availability for BooksWest '75 in
~Ill . STE\'EN FISKE November.
P1tli /i.,Tter'.\ Rq1resentatii;c
Di11/ I Ddacortl'
"''"· E LJOT LEONARD
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J()au{&~~~
Picku;ick Bookstores
~ I n . fnn ~;c \V ALI.... CE
A11tltor
David R. Dawdy ,{/
MR. DAVID DAWDY Chairman, Author Selections
Clu1irm on
~fn . CEORCE TRINKAUS
EXC'c11tii;c Director cc: Ruth Davis

Boo;sWesl 7 5 An Exposition of Books and Authors

1 Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, Nov. 14-16
2073 Q •1tpost Dr., Hollywood, CA 90068 • ( 213) 874-0830
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Library Journal OCTOBER 15, 197.5

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MESSA~[ •"ROM ~W!\1.
·A,._ Al'm.rtrong T~f'J?>n. Simon.and
Schuster. S7.9.S ~ • .
·',·;'...· Todl0''$ bcldlines bcina wlutt the} llfC. it
I• 1s prtib'al>fy unfununate tmsl the dam.~cl-
in-dis1n:,~ hcrninc of this rush. romantic
thriller·~ an ex-Clo\ agcnl. Thc terrifying
1
5cnapa into which she gch• herself. ho1111·-
r,ver. rrnm nc:ir rap: untl i.rrture in Cum-
muni~I B'ut~aria to heing a',hos1a~c on a
plane hi1ad.cd to 1hc desert by Palestin·
ian guerillas ;irc just exactly the kind of
thintt a certain tyre of woman rc<1der
udt>rcs. \\-hen ) ou _;1dd ,i i .. ha ndso mc.
cnit1ma1i.: Ru s~ian f..<iH u~nt who altcr-
n11te' hctwccn hc1n~ her rc:si:ucr and her
vv~'I ~(J.,.3(7.l
and lhc initial hickcrings of the olum~l~ achievement 11r I.•tl") ·, luc11l aod ir1 -
lclid 10 n~adn.~ s und murder I' :.11mc of formed tc111. lndc~. l./11/a I
-them l411d a 1'linle scxuoal d liance for
Aiihby. Tlli:;' is a routine . pa\:e lr;n•cl ( 'ASAl.S.
story t~cncrates little citc111cn1 ant.I PftriJ1'.&fuph1·d h.t 1-·m : lln1h· · ·\ m ph.. !·>.
pr~uccs 11eW ~u rpr isi:s . IA 111!USI I S7.95
1 he c>.-l.i/1• ph ol<l~raphcr'~ bc,1111dull~
produced l111lc phu10-c" ;1~ ;, h111h a \,
sual lyric 10 the lalc l'cll1,t ·l·11nd1i.:1•ir
l'ahl1J ca ~ a" .ind a '1nJI. 11111111.11..:
COUP D'ETAT I AMF.RIC-A : glimp~c o f the man 1h.11 111.1 1"~ •\ Ii i d• c•·
~ C'IA and the A!>'i11S.~in11'°'9 of John J.'. ish. ll cnll.: ''a' !hi: !!"C'l "' Uun f>.11·! ..
Ketantdy. M il'hat'l Canfield and Alun .I. and hi~ ·" ifr Ma rt :1 al lhl'tr home 11: 'ull
Wehn111a11. Third Pres:.. S 11 .95 J uan. Puer1 11 1<1.:11. 1n c.1rl:. l 1J 1 • .. ·I
If Cong res-;. purs uing the challenges of Inn!! hcforc ( ·";1!- died .1 1 tnc a).'c •11 '" '
this c:xplu:.ivc book. supp,>rts whal Can- Herc. with 'cn"1 1v11\ a nd , ~ di. l lc11 lc h.1-

..........
pursuer )OU have at the least " u yummy lictd and Weherman have wri111.•n. thc~c put togctht:r th e man) nh • 1111~ 1:i p h- 11<:
rcitd ." hall hcp1ns "he~ a lb~ operative two young men may yet hccomc ihc made on th:11 <ll'l..1,11111·· ·t1l 1rn:.1 1 :1 id 0

!. : about ltl he killed smupgli;s 'her a ~·ode Wood"ard and Hcrn.~tcin 1it' a mon.: ap· candid p11.·turL!' •i i < a,J I· rd ; , ;o, : .1• • ..
mes5agc w11h ~he adm1111itio.n lhat she palling .:ovcrup than Watcr!!alc. 1 he au- home ur 1111 ht' µri 11rnth. .1l••nl' "~ ... ,•;, • ..
must lakc 11 to !he Prc!>ident of the thors \\Caw a wch of hinrrc and as· \\tic. and ~urierh portr.llh ••I < •••a .· ;
United Stat1.'S a nd ' tru~t no one else. tounding linkagc~-of fact, proh.1bili1~. tal ah,orpltt•n. pl.1~1nl! ht,. ccll1, I':•. 11 ·. •·
Thal'~ ju~I whal our gi rl docs, too, come
hell, hi11h '4ater. evil Palesllntans or wily
circumstance and peopk-to support luw. 'umc11mc.; ,umhcr huin .•n.1:.• ,: :h<:
their t~ory : that Oswald was a C IA grc.1t celll\l. ' u mcm11r.1h i~ \..J v :!h' ,n
I
'· ll YSsia ns. · (Jul.r J 1J ,\
11
it ' '4:.0.. .
agent " ho \\ ;ts mat.le the paby for the Hcn le's phutm. 1, matched thr11ul.! l1• 1111
JFK a1;,,11.o;.\it1ation hy a C IA ..assassina· by Ca:.ah' •l\\11 \\11n1' on ht~ ltk <i nll hh
~

~·.
.~ ·-i ••• THEDRAGONSATTHE(;ATE. tion section" wurk1n!! \\ith ant i-Castro deure-.t comm11men1s. hh art . ht' h ur:t .. r.·
Rob''' L. Dun«a11. Morro", S7.95 Cubans and the under\\orl<l, of "horn isl credo. 1>c,1gn und µr.1nh1t.. ' .ir1: n·
The author of "The Q 'Document•· offers Jack kuby "a~ a tool. Wall.:rgatcrs Hunt quisttel) ha ndled. w11h c1l.:,·11•. 1.: '"c ..1
here a book wh~ch is cortai~ly lieuded for and Sturgis (Hunt C IA) arc stronµ I} sug- whitc-on-hlack. ca,a b . 111\' C '''"~'- •• I re'
thc bc>t-tdlcr lt ~t. The plot 'Pi a ma1.e of gc:>ted as deeply involved, and the possi- l:.:.trofai. de /\mor ... '' rtttcn l•ir 111· " 1le.
•, diayin1 t'A'i!lli. und turns: the ~U5pense is hlity is ruiscd lhut !hey were the: is reproduced a" u clu~tn)l cndcarmcnl .
t " .. . ~
almost unhcarahk. Harry C alder 1s a "tramps" picked up und unaeeountahl}' I Juli 1
\ • '.' ' I
middh:-~c:d and di11enc~antcd in- • rclea.~ed on the Dul111s scene. Acetate
tclli~encc a11en1 based in Tol(yo'. He's of- <ft't:rlay photos of them lire included fo r STREET C'OR:"llER ( '0:\Sf:R\',.\TI \ t:.
t\ ,.,·.. ... ' fic1ully a technical advii.or ~Jt~ the U.S. comparison wit,h lhc " !rump" photos. William 1-·. Gantt. Arlington lto u~c .
·./'.:; i;;; Oovcrnmenl /\cc\1un1in~ Ott\cc. Calder is Thc:se combine '\\ith an cxclu~tvc in1cr- $7.95
,....:\ .. ·". . 1pproi;lched hy an l:nplishman, Wilkins. view with Sturgb and stunning r1.-search Oi ~ca nltn !! term~ hkc ··c:1 hn1c · and J
.. ·" land offered a fortune lo iln~erta~c a Uhere arc 600-odd " nolc,;," P U!!t!S or rac- .. hlue-collur, " Ci.11·111 1n1r11dul·c, 1 11 ~ ·~ .1 · c ­
i.l
·.. 11areh for Japane~c gold. Thi~ ~i-easure is . similes. .'.!2 pap_ci. of photos) from Warren gonc, of .. urhan .:on,cr' :1l1\·c· r. 1 ''""~ .:1
I . bclic\•ed lo have ~en i.uok. a.~ Japan \\a.<, Commi~sil>n , pul ice and other i.ourcc" to with principle, """ i- n•1I c1..:n ·' "'.irc
' 'lu.<1i ng t!Me \\Ur, b) <1 fa natic l'lllf hero. Too flesh out a hook that could rei.ult in a rc- 1hal he ti. a l'On,cn·a tt\ c) anJ ",1rcc:1 r.·o1 r-
' ,.._ ·latc, C:alckr finds t hat Wilkiu~· 1i. a hir~ exa mination \ If thl' Wum:n Report. flr'u- nc:r con:.t:f\ .111' c.. I .1 rcr,1111 I r..in 1nc
hna of the C l A. hcnt on ,m1akintt t~ tionaJ ad-pronw . A 111h<>r uppeuram·e.\'. same cla~' "h11 hcc11mc• mldkd :. :i:·.
Amcr~an agent the fall ttuy; ian· untrust- I July! aware uf h" i:un,cf\al1'm J. ( ,J , 1n .:1.: .1
1111'onhy employee \\horn th~ 1:;1n blame up Irish C:a1h11li..: 111 Jer, ,., <. 111 ..; t:ic
<: for» breakdo'"n in nc801taliuns bctwl!Cfl THF. BIRTH OF AMF.RICA. 194t>i.. hut ,eni..:c 111 1hc .1rn11 a1;.J ... ·-••1·
,; ···~ . the J11punesc and the Americans. The John Lf'"'i.f S1uxe. Tex1 hr Oan Lan-. lc!!e cduca1ic1n i.l1ver1..:d him r= r·Hll a hb·~·
(
-::.-~·.\:Old, c»k:ulat111g met hods of .the under· Gros:.ct & Dunlap. S25 to ·Feb. I. 197li: collar Jcstin) ltt .lcr~c~ ( II\ Sl .Jlc < ••I· ?
I
I
· :!. ~ver aicnh seeking tu break · Calder"~ S35 thereafter legc:, he r1.":\Clllcd the hr;.11 n\\ ;o.h 1n,• I" f· h- ~
1piril iand hi~ hll irbreadt h escapes~ rich During h i~ \\llrk for numeruu~ leadin!! eral prn le'·"Jr~. u111il •inc n11.d.t • l·c· , • ·' •
· ·:; '. f11rc for ~P> buff., . Tht nwvit'righ1.f-lra1 ·t• mugaLinc:-. over the years. u~a rd -wi nn ing W1llia111 F. Bu1.kle\ . Jr . 11n. •1 ·1 \ 1. • 1,
. ;~·t· b#tn .4!JM Jo /Ja1'id M1•rr1<'k. lA.wgu.w .?7J phorn11rnphcr John Lew is Stllge dc\'t.!l· sho1' and rc;il11eJ I hat 1rnc l.''lu! J h<: ct!u ·
oped an aulhcnlk " foci " for America 's l·a1cd and el ite \\tlh11111 heir.;: u lih..: r;il
~.
past. the: land and · the pc:orile. Herc. When he i:. 1cll1nµ 1hc ,,.,,., 111 hi- I.Jc.
· SCIENCE FICTION through :.cmei. of hcau1il'ully rcprodul·cll Ciavin 1~ ~inn:re ;ind 1nlcrc,i1nl.!. hu1 1•1<1
.•... full-pa11c and smalll!r phoh>s in color and oflcn he di!!rc:"c' 1nlt> ,crm•J~e11e, that
IAaNARD-S Pl.ANET. ·.• black-and-whitc. he offers a man·chius· sou nd lik i: ec:hoc' of t he .\ uwma/ l fr·
. . Jolr11 Bo.~·d. Berkley/Putnam, $6.95 and C:\'OCali\'C visual punoram;t of life in ,.;,.."" He no\1 commute' lrom :.i \ ' irg11:1a
• When 11 str11y1na pulsar star wanders into Co)oniat Amencu from Pl>mouth and suhu rh to \\I a'h1n/!1on. "here he " .. n )
C!Uth's orbit in 1992, ii creates a force Jamesto~ n to t!v: surrender of Corn- aide to Senator James l:tudlc~ .
)
·\ · field lhal m-kes ·1n1crstellu ~ra~cl pos- wallis at Y.orktown. Sta(le divides h1~ f ·1llJrlL\I I /
1lhlc al speed~ faster. thMO ·ligbt. U.S. " ·ork in19 IO p11ncl:l, visuully re-crea ting
Navy doctor La: Ashb~ is :ch'oscn to scenes and historic sites in old New En!!· Tiii:: PO\\'f.RS a.· E\'ll.:
·· :~:- . oommiand the spitcc ship, will\ a .crc:w of hmd. the M iddh: Coloniell and the Soul h,
In We.~tern Rell2fon. \1al!it vnd fol'- Bt··
r~ ' - r~ur men an~ two. v:-omen. all~~cnti.sts ~r show-intt the role of religion in colon ial
-~ . . d11fercn1 nM1tonMltt1c:.. The dcst1na11on IS life and contrasting the cleAtant li ve:~ of lirf. Riclturd Ca1·N1tl11lt Pu1n11m. F .•1~
;~.: ·~ .: htnard '! Plllnet. c:1~ht light-year~ awiay. " The King's Men·" i.lth the li~c::. of the Prcv!."u~l_r Ilic au1hur IJ/ "'1 he BIJd
.. {' h ~Its lite a b«uuful JH!ICC at first, but craftsmen and farmers a mong whom the Arts and c<litor 111 · ·t:nc:~dope<l1;i o l 1hc
Che b1pecb there: arc les~ intelligent lhllll independent-minded tehc:ls sr nlng up lo Unci1: Jllarncd,'. Ca,·cnd1\h ., .Jn unu~uu l
&_he qulMfrvpcd.ii, .iand the t~· arid plant
tigh1 King Ge11rge's armi'e.-;. The roma n· ~vcn refrc!\hin~ \\rth:r on the uu:ur1 . , ·
,, . life h11ve ~va and intc:lliMenCc. h is not ~elf-rnnfc. ,sed " ull1m"u lc ,.,,rt I .. 11n I,,,
1
• load cltvrro.mcnt for educated humans
Lie slow of history·hy·hind~i1thl d04:,, nol I· ue CJ\ ll'
·• • su IJC~r. he
invaJidalc: eilbcr Stattc'11 · picluri;1/ r;11/rn rh ,.., , ~ .. ,. ,brinp, u hc·lfr In
• . \kcpr11.·1q11
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. Oct. 21, 1975

JFKS!aying f,heory Offered

COUP D'F:T,•lT JN AMERIC1l by Micliae/ Canfieh:(and'
Alon J. Webcrmun: The. T/Ji:d'Piess. $11 ..95. . ,:{ ·
..: · "' t.. ·By J.R.,CUNNINGHAM ·lhc. pcrsunalilir.s menlioricd in thc assa,<sination conspiracy
., \V<Jter.!.!:ilp fantiliar to the · An1Qricau ·pu/J/ic thanks ro th·e
are rather hr:irings.
'··.Ob~ of the darkest <las; in recent American history '\\•a:i
Nc)v, 22, 1963, the day President John· F.. Kennedy was ams. · But tht' book i;)" hv no 111c;in.'i ju."! :.t n·Jiashine of H«ner-
sinated in DaJlas. The darkness that enshrouded that fateful gntP sca.nda! or libeJ6u.~ llaJlH'·stii"1t!111~- II· is a profe.\sio11aJ
da\' aiso carried ovet ..'inio. iis illvcstigation, sci ·that even._ ·•.:ind objective examinaUcin of lhc 1Jnrl1'rlH·!ly of Am0ri<!.in
' toda·i, the.· event .is ·Gve'rshaOowecI .···.. -:: · . poliJics; so C'Clovinc·ing in luct l.ha1 t:s. lit'p. Henry Gonzal~z
·.·. hy 'do,ubt and unresofred mys-. 1..• wqs n1oved to inil.iatc .:i r'Cso/ution in ihe House of Represfin-
tcries. 'The. \Yarren .. Re.p'qft. Ief_t ·1 latives which woulc! launch a fulI·S(':tJt> Congre.,.<-;sional in\•esti~
· 1nany inihortarit .Quesfioh~· unan- gation of the W'sassination and iL'i re/afed nspects.
_i\,
!'' s:ii.:er..ed and. is regarded. by IDfny OFFICTAT, Ai'tD EXACTJ1\'U as ihis n/J may sound. the
people as ,nothing mor.:e .th.an an
official. \Vhite,\'aSh. . hook is C3'ify rc•adablr. ·while J'crt. <'01J1ainiJJ~ enough faets;
TWO SUCH UNSATISFIED
figui·es, photos
·skr.p!ie:i/ reader:a11d docun1r.ntation lo SHtisfy even the mo5t
pe\1PW were Michael Ca,n.fieif! an.ct 'I'hc photos ineluctc ·close·ups of the "unidentified"
Afan· J. Webernlan, Without the
henefit .of. 'r~9vernmental or ·:other
!ramps picked up at lhc scene of lhe crime along wiJh plas- ,
'' .organized tic overlays of suspects for tbe sake of t'Omparisons.
backing, they serout on· Also included are copies of secret (no'r dec!assificclJ CIA
an PXtensive and Pxhausting. inves- · and F'Bl documents 11'hid1 in' themselves should have pro ..
tjgation that culminated in "Ggup h K d., · >'oked serio9s questiqning by ,the Warrr•n Commission aJJ.d, a
'. d'etat in A1nerica." .· ·1o n enne J . f{!Vealing intervie\v '~'ith frank Sturgis, 1\'atergate bur:Q'Jar,
, . This.intriguing book. although it does point the 'finger al and CIA operative. . •
i number of we/I.known governmenfal ·and political figures, -·~coup d'etat ifr A1neril'a'' .rloesn'l :ir1s\vcr a/I the ques.
proeJaim.s no exelusive· solutions. Canfield and \Vebern1an . lions, hut it docs raise1 goorl reason for the neccssit,v of a
propose a basic theory Oii the, assassination, revo/Ymg around lhorough attempt a/ tnc lruth, Ten yr·ars a~o, the whole
the. Cir\ and the Bay of Pigs fiasi:o, and· then utilize the bulk is:iuf! of serious CIA invoh'ement in lhe Kennedy as:}asr,ina.
. of !lie book to document and substantiate their a/Jegations. ·~ tion v.·ou/d have been dismissed as Jeft·\;.•ing yellow journal.
· · ·surpri>;jngJy or not, as the. case may be, 'quite a few of, ism, but in fight or rc,0111 «IJCc•lo.<ures mnccrning the Clt\'s
. . .· . ,,.. . .. domestic operations, the hook provides ""me interesting in·
sight~ and uncovers J<>rne frightening possibUiti~.
'

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of the Christian Faith

Fin l and Market Streets, Wichita, Kansas

P. 0 . BOX 886, W ichita, Kans•s 67201 , U.S.A.
PHO NE: (3 16) 267-1084

HART ARMSTRONG, 0 .0 ., Th.O., Litt. D.

Prt:side nl

MRS. M. L. FLOWERS .,
Secretary. Tre •surer

January 7, 1976

The Third Press

444 Cer~tral Park, W.
New York City, NY 10025

Dear Sirs :

The following book, which you publish, has been brought to our attention :

COUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA: THE CIA AND THE .ASSASSINATION OF

JOHN F . KENNEDY
by Michael Canfield and Alan J. Weberman
'
We would like to see a r~view copy. It might be of special interest to our '·

large reading constituency.

Please mark the review copy for my personal attention.

Thank you.

Yours most sincer~ly ,

,,
1

'/l'(J(3~ .
Mrs . M. L . Flowers .:· 1
MLF/eb
 and I Tue s .
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Assassination plot charges possibly libelous·
C anrl the Assassination of John
OUP D'ETAT IN AMEHICA: The CIA
F'. Ken11c-
dy. by "lir.lmel Canfield and Alan J. \\'eber-
rnan. The Third Press, $11.90.
If Richard Nixon is still suffering from
wh:il his former press secretary 1 Ron Ziegler,
once described as ·•inadcquale cash flow," he
might gel even finnncially ok by unloading a
seven or eight-figure libel suit against the.
writers and publisher of this strange, disturb-
1 ing hook.
Ile mny be forced lo, if !his book nllrnels
any serious attention, which il mighl. Jn it,
Richard Nixon is portrayed as being far 111ore
than a mere betrayer of the public trust. This
book implies !hat Richard "lilhous Nixon,
stalwnrl Quaker from Yorba Lindn, Calif.,
Whittier College dnndy and rlie·hard Duke
debater, is the biggest single villian in the
hisloryof lhe United Slnles.
This book implies, wilhoul proving any-
lbin~. lhe
following:
• Lee ilf!n•ev Oswald did not kill President
.John Kennedy: The Cenlrnl Intelligence Ag-
ency did.
• The CIA did ii becnuse it considered John
Kennedy lo be a left-wing, pseudo·Marxist
who was taking the country off its pre-ord<lin-
ed course.
• Mier disposing of John Kennedy, the CIA
BY MARTIN RALBOVSKY
· proceeded lo kill Robert Kennedy and "lartin
Luther King .Ir., in 1968, andallempled lo kill
. George Wallace in 1972.
•The CIA's assassin11tion s~uad was
. orchcslratcd by 1nen who were the leading
· practitioners of whal a1noun!s lo right-wing,
- conservative politics in Arnerica.
The lll<leslro was Richard Nixon, !he one
n1an in /\n1crica who, the book says, bencfil-
lcd rnosl fro1n all of the assassi11:1tions.
This book traces Nixon's invo\\'cn1c11t. with
the CIA back lo the late 195\J's when he was
the leading cheerleader in the Eisenhower
White House for a CIA overthrow of l'idel
C<Jstro in Cuba. Nixon, the book says, wanted
the CIA Io exlrnc\ Cnba from the Conrnrnnist
elnlehes of Castro and return it to the good
hands of i\·leycr Lansky, Carlos Prio. San(o -
Triflicanle, l'ulgencio Ralisla nnd Belle
Heboi.o.
NixOn, the book says, never did ncccpt the
outcome of the IU60 election ibe los\J. 111-·
stead 1 he h\a1ned Kennedy (and i\layor Daley
or Chicago) or stuffi11g bullot boxes with
Dc111ocralic votes and robbi11g hin1 of the
Presidency. \\1he11 Kennedy took office, he
reacted with skepticism lo the CIA's pla11 lo
overlhrow Castro: He fell, the book says, !hat
the CIA was gelling oul of ha11d lo lhe point of
dictating foreign policy.
Kennedy lhe11 proceeded, Jbe book says, lo
________ _____ _
I
hurpoo11 lhe CTA's elaborate pla11s ror the Bay
of Pigs invasion of Cubn. He refused a re·
ql1est lo provide a second air strike for
prolcctive cover ru1d held back the il·lal'ines.
The itnplic<ltion is that Kennedy wanted the
CIA lo fuil al the Bay of Pigs so he could the11
use the failure <lS an excuse lo pul! the CIA in
under his thumb. The CIA afieiandos were
furious.
JJallus: This book cnntains pictures lhal
purport lo ;,how thnt the "tratnps" who were
::ipprchcnded and released 111inutcs after
Kennedy was shot were really I!unt, Sturgis
and a Lee H:irvcy Oswald "double" in dis·
guise. They shot Kennedy fron1 the 11 grassy
knoll, 11 jurnpcd into a nearby railroad car,
cind were supposed to be tnken awny by the
train. They were caught by accident and a
phony Sccrel Service 111an, pl<1nlcd on lhe
seene, convinced the Dallas police to lei the
11
lrn1nps" go.
Oswald was inercly an expendable CI A
palsy in all of this, the book says, fingered by
the CIA lo lake the blame. It was Officer .I. D.
Tippil's job, the book alleges, lo shoot Oswald
for resisting arrest. But he bungled !he as·
sign111en!, got shol hir11self 1 and so his boss in
lhe conspiracy, Jack Ruby, was Iorced to
:>ersonally put Oswald away to avoid any
further slip ups.
Thal accomplished, lhe coup d'e\al 1ins
,,
con1plc!e. 1\1nerica was saved fron1 the leftist
le<Jclership of Kennedy and returned to the
wann boso111 of co11serv:1tis1n. The \\'arrcn
Co1111nissio11 was est:1blished, the book sa\'s
lo keep the Arneric:111 people fron1 befng
crushed by the lrn\h. Its chief co11clusion,
that Oswald, alread1• dead, had acted alone
was a 1nere dh·ersiol1ary srnokescreen. \Vhat
else could we have expected tlbe book asks)
froin a Repub!icc1n fro1n California 1E:irl
\Varren) but protection for anolher Republi-
can fron1 Cnlifornia fyon know whoJ?
It is all :istonishing and frightening read- r·
ing. The content overshadows son1e ob1·ious
flaws: The hook is woefully underrescarched,
despite the publisher's fnreward lo the con-
trary (ol oHH sources listed, 307 arc merely
newspaper clippings. n1agnzi11c articles and
books <1lready publishedJ. Language purists
\Vi!l .be drh·t1n to apoplexy by scores of .sen-
lenees lh<tt st•lf·destrucl from the improper
use of words. 1The CIA h;_is its private assas·
si1rntionsqt1nd. not theirs.) .
· Bnl say !his for it: This is the firsl ll'ork to
speculate \hut the CIA, on behalf of Richard
i\'ixon and !he politics for which he stood
n1urdcretl not only John Kennedy. but Hobl'rl
Kennedy, .\lcirlin Luther King Jr. 1 :111d al-
te1npted lo 1nurder George \\1al1ace. If the
· at1tl)ors ;ire wrong :ibout this, H1ey are going
lobe ir! for 111ore thnn a puhlication party.
lhr~~~~~f."lbov~l<y o( lhi: Chrnnlclt ~ldfl i\ I~ dU!hor bl
with skulls packed with tissue simulants)
that a "jec" effect, a hydrostatic pro-
pulsion due to the skull's explosion,
threw Kennedy's head back. R ather,
they point out that Olficcr Hargis, who
was r id i 11g escort to t.he Presidential car
at its l eft.rear fender, was splattered
wi th blood a nd brain. That Oflicct· J ames
Chaney, looking a t Kennedy from his
motorcycle near t he r ight fender, sai<l
he saw "the Prc'sident struck in the face."
T hat Deputy Sheri f[ Seymour vVeitz-
man found p art of Kenned y's sk ull, per·
haps the same piece that .J ackie had
scramb led o n to the trnnk of the Linco ln
to try to recover, 011 the south (left) side of
Elm Street. That Secret Service agent
Clint Hill and eyewitn ess Charles Brehm
saw what they thought was impact debris
flying 1.0 the ldt and rear of the car (it
seems ro have been recorded, too, o n
N ix's film). T h at agent Hill and his col-
leag·uc Roy Kellerma n, who was riding i11
the rig-ht-from scat of Keu11edy's car, said
t.he fatal sltot so unded funny, like a
double bang-bang (and Hill thought there
l1 ad been on ly two shots, the second in
t.he head). No, they think the shot had
to come from the right front, from an-
other kind of g un , perhaps one loaded
witl1 ex plosive bullets (eerily, there is a
re port that in ea rl y 1963, some members
of 1he C IA asked a rescarch·and-devclop-
mcnt man to sketch au explodi ng round
for a 6.5m111 l\lannlichcr-Carcano).
Other pltot0graplts, too, con jurcd men
o n the grassy kno ll. Groden has to his
own satisfactio n identified two shad ows in
the Zapn1der fi lm as more snipers. \Ve
have seen the speculations based on the
N ix film. Another phot0graph , taken hy
,\Jary !\loorman, who stood aliout 15
feet frnm the Pr.e sidcnt 's car, seems l.o
show a man with a gun standing behind
the stockade fence about 14 £cet from its
conl(:r. The JVIoonna11 photo, ta ken :1p-
proximatel y one fi[th o[ a second after
Ke1111cdy's head ex plodecl, has been
studied intemcly. Some experts say the
figure is a shadow, or.hers that it is an
assassin .
S. 1\ l. Holland, a railroad swi tchman,
was sta n ding on the Triple Underpass
wl1e 11 the shots we re fir ed. He hotfooted
it to the parking lot ai1d Io1111d muddy
footpri11ts behind the fence. It looked to
him like o ne or two men had paced back
a 11d forth uehi11d a car. Holland is posi-
tive he heard shots coming from the knoll
(o thers think it could ha Ye been echoes).
H o lland's story, which he told re-
peated!)' to sundry assassination buffs, in-
cluding the \Varren Commissio n, fits
nicel y, if circumstamially, with that told
by Lee Bowers, who was enscu11cccl in a
rai lroad switchi ng tower. Before the
assassi11ar-ion, he saw what he took to be
strange movements of ca rs and people
in the lot and then "a flash of light or
smoke or something'. ' that ca.ught his eye.
Tl1e claims o( Holland and Uowers
excited other investigators, even if they
failed to conv ince t he commission that
something strange m igh t h ave been afoot.
The railroad yards themselves inspired
a nother grassy-knoll speculation, for it
was from them t11at the three famous
"tramps" were rousted after the murder
and marched anms Dealcy Plaza, where
they were photogra phed (see liellJw).
Other theories i11cl udc the sugi.:estioa
that consp irators had ho llowed out the
grassy knoll a nd then cut down the
P resident from there. Former New O r.
leans d istrict attorney Jim Garrison and
Penn Jones say a gunman lurked in a
sewer and o n signal plugged the Presi-
dent. Much more intriguing is th e "um-
brella man ." Although th e day was warm
and sun ny, a single neatly dressed man
stood and watched the l'rcsidcnt hei ng
murdered, while holding <111 o pen um-
brella above h is head. After the killing,
he stood watching the motorcade. trailing
the d yin g President. disa p pear clown Elm
Street, th eu folde d his umbrella and
wa lk c:d calmly away. He was the only
person so shi elding himself. Could that
have been a sig11al (or shooting LO begin?
Or did t11c m an have a gun built in to his
umbrella? \Vas he •,1cri ng in co11cert with a
man o ne assassinatio11 theory c;dls a "com-
BIT PLAYERS
The clearest picture of the "tramps" ever
published . Th eorists say t he two men al
right are Fronk Sturgis and E. Howa rd Hunt,
both with the CIA and thus in Dallas lo a ssist
in killing Kennedy. Nixon was also in Dallas
the morning of November ·22, and so may
have had on early relationship with the men
later hired as White House "plumbers."
Others say the tromps ore Americans who
trained Cuban commandos and then, when
the President turned away fro m liberating
Cuba, they killed him . No proof exists for
either theory, and since the men don't look
like Sturgis and Hunt, and no soldiers of
fortune have yet been identified, they may
just be wetl-dress"ed, well-groomed tramps.
municatio11s man," another figure in a
photograph who appears to have a "two-
way radio" in his back pocket (and who
has been ident ified as a man now a
patiCtll in a mental liospita l)? It's possible
that h e was just an eccentric, but the
\.Yarrcn Commission never looked into
this.
I t <l i<l, however, look into and dis-
miss as m cani11g less a story three wit-
11esscs told of two men, seen at different
times. One man, heavy-set, was said to be
in a Depository window, then hurrying
away from the J)cp ository and fin all y
en tering a sta t.io n wago11 driven by a
young black man. The o ther, yo unger,
was seen by Deputy Sheriff H.oger C1·aig.
runnin g out of the Depository's Elm
Sn-cet entra11ce, <lown the gen tl e slope
and into a light-colored Rambler sta-
tion wagon (ea~d l y id entifiable by it s rool'-
top 111gg•1ge rack). T he driver of the
\Vago11, accordi ng- w Craig, was "very
dark <.:amplect.ecl, had real dark short
hair and was weari11g a thi11 wbite-look-
ing jacket." Craig sa id he tried to reach
the car to q uestio n tl!c m e n, hut the
n11sh of people pre\'ented him, a11cl then
the wagon took olf down Elm.
Man y people believe these wit11csscs
arc describing other assassins , even by
the iN;1rre11 Commission's lights, because
th ey could not he Oswald. H e was, the
report says, taking a bus a nd a taxi
toward his rooming house. The hea,·y-sct
man could be tl1e " Saul"' who has co n-
fcssetl in H u ~lt ~\I cDonald"s recent IJOok,
Aj1poi1111mnit hi JJ111/(ls, that he killed
Ke11 11cdy for money, with Oswald as a
p;1 tsy. The younger man co ulcl bt• the
seco11d Osw;dd, o u t on his appointed
ro1111ds again. th is tim e as a killer i11 1hc
Depository. The dri ver o[ 1.hc station
wagon co11lcl be a Cuban exile or, i [ you
prefer, one of Castro's me n aveng ing the
assassination plots 1he CIA-J\.lafia con11t!C-
tion concocted for the Cu !Jan leader in the
early Sixties. Or 1hc:y rn11 ld have been part
o[ a Texas right-wing plo t. H. L. JI u11c\
son Kclso 11 Bunker 1Iu11t partly pa id for
a scmri lous anti-1\.en nc:dy ;1d tlt:tt ap-
peared the morn ing o f :"\o\'cmbt'r 22, and
Jack Ruby had clri\·c11 one o[ his strippers
to Hunt's oflic c: the d ay before, and J\lrs.
Pai11c had a Iighl'-colorcd st;1tio11 wag-011.
Craig himself now is dead, undc:r strange
cirn1111stances. as arc more tba 11 50 people
who allegeclly k11 ew something about
Kennedy's dcatll. (The actuaria l odd.>
aga inst that were ca lcula1.ecl at IOO rrillio11
to one.) So huge a conspiracy probably
would come apart i11 time, Joe Valach i-
style. Bue t\l·o or three men would 11eed
only their anger and a g un . I s tlic:rc a ny
hard eviclence of a second gu nman?
The ultimate ev idence was the l'resi-
de11t's body, bnc the autopsy was botched
from start lo finish. At Bethesda Nava l
Hospital 011 November 22, a tcarn of
pathologists conducted the autopsy unclc:r 205
~•:oucsr'E11·s
~YL
_E ,_ ~_.d_
NAME (La•I, Fir.I, Jfidrllf)

\-;_
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a .cd __F_._ _ -------:----
l i'FICE / OI VISIO N RJ20M AN O SlOG I
PHON E
I
DATC or REOUEST

- - - __I4_1\p;i;:_il 1975
DATE NEEOEO
-------

.
·. CAlL HO.

2 2 td:\R 1976
___Gfil>Lfili:_ lEl_l.l).___tlg?_--"---=563 0 (FOR CRS use O.'\LF)
"ITLE OF PUBLI CATION DUE DATE ~-~
. ::__ .,,~.

.
COUP D'ETAT IN .AMERICA: THE CIA .AND THE ASS.J.\SSINATION OF JOHN F ..
,,, •••c•m o~,. •o. . Wi
KENNEDY
PERlOCIClTY SEQUE.tlC£

P UBllCATION DAT£ SEMAllt POST/Dtlt

,._,;>~
TYPE
'Wlrn WEBERi\1AN, Alan J. & Michael Canfield ~ ,- .· OROlll DAf(.

/ ,, ~
~ R ANO ADDRESS (I/ ilem wt o ba pure/loud) ORDER COPIES REORDER

.$
CST. COST

Third Press PRICE;

c:3 0
I\ DATE RECEIVED

~cf.~~~!-----------------iDATE COJoll'LETEO
REMARKS (Sourc• citation, claHificalion if on11, de. )
COORDINATED WITH

Publishers Weekly 31 March 1975 p.32

LOAN Ix RETENTIO~ I I
PURCH,.SE APP ROVA L
ACQ.
AUTHORIZED BY
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to Groden, his blowup shows not only
that President Kennedy was killed by
a shot from the front (and therefore
from a shot on or near the grassy
knoll); it also shows the rifleman stand-
ing there on the grassy knoll holding
the rifte up in the air as the presidential
car disappears through the railroad
underpass.
Interestingly enough, when Groden
showed this film at Bernard Fenster-
wald's home in November 1973, nei-
ther he nor anyone else made any men-
tion of a rifleman on the knoll. Groden
says it wasn't until Jan"uary 1974 that
The Mystery Tramps in Disguise?
Add Dick Gregory, the comedian
turned activist, to a long list of assassi-
nation buffs who"ve been sleuthing
around with a set of photos taken by
three press photographers at Dallas,
November 22nd, 1963.
The photos show three men, short,
medium and tall, being led through
Dealey Plaza by two Dallas policemen
to the Dallas County Sheriff's Office.
The cops released the men without,
apparently, getting their names. "They
were just tramps," the policemen were
supposed to have said, "and we let
'em go." . ..
For years, buffs looking for the real
~ille~ of JFK" have. been trying to ·
1dent1fy the tramps. Richard Sprague,
a computer scientist from New York
and former board member of the Com-
mittee to Investigate Assassinations, has
maintained that one of the tramps is a
Minuteman from Washington D.C.
named Fred Lee Crisman. Sprague
dubbed the tramp of medium height
•'"F-Mnr.hv" nrt '' w-.• c:..,...,.,,..., •. .,_ , •.a. ~ - -'
rr_, r__; I I -r I r-- -:..I
he started scanning the last 18 frames
of his Zapruder film and then began to
see that what he thought was the wheel
well of the presidential Lincoln wasn't
the wheel well at all, but the rifteman-
"because the car was moving forward
and the 'wheel well' was moving back-
ward."
• David Lifton is an engineering-
physics graduate of Cornell and a drop-
out from graduate school at UCLA who
ought to have three doctorates by now
in the disciplines he has picked up dur-
ing ten years of work on the assassina-
tion: history, political science and his-
taken in 1963, when Hunt was 45, and
the short tramp looks at least SS. Some
facial features of the tall tramp appear
to bear some similarity to Sturgis's,.
the shape of the nose and chin most
particularly. But the gestalt is different, eluded that the tall tramp was definitely
The tall tramp is obviously Nordic and · · not Sturgis. The short tramp was prob-
Sturgis is obviously Latin. Further-
more, there is a great disparity in
height between the tall and the short
tramps. The tall tramp seems to be at
least eight inches taller than the short
one. Sturgis seems to be no more than
wo or three inches taller than Hunt.
To the buffs wanting to believe, how-
ever the photos were too good to drop
They "proved" a CIA complicity int~
plot to kill Kennedy U d g
.. v th· n ,er broun
n-.wspapers a11 o er e coun ry egan
. ,
10 reprmt the tramp phot~s, al~ngside
those of Hu~t and Sturgis, with the
blatant assertions that the tramps were
Hunt and Sturgis.
Two months ago, ROLLINO SToNE
•
toriography (a study of the way history
is written). In 1967 Lifton did a l0,000-
word analysis (with David Welsh) in
Ramparts which argued that there were
three assassins firing in Dcaley Plaza on
November 22nd, 1963.
In 1968, shortly after most of the
transcripts of the Warren Commission
executive sessions were declassified, Lif-
ton published them privately as Docu-
ment Addendum to the Warren Report.
Lifton has served as a consultant to Dr.
Cyril Wecht and it was he who pro-
vided the producers of Executive Ac-
tion with the documentary record which
Institute of Forensic Sciences in Oak-
land, California. There, criminologist
Charles V. Morton measured the facial
characteristics on comparison photos of
Hunt and Sturgis and tramps and con-
ahly not Hunt'-though the details in
the fuzzy photos of the short tramp
were insufficient to provide Morton
with an absolute basis for an opinion.
However, reported Morton, "at least
one deftnahle characteristic appears to'
argue strongly against identity. This is
the shape of th~ car." Accord!n& to
Morton, the helix of the ear an the
Hunt photos is concave and. the helix
d f the car of the short tramp 1s convex.
All this seemed somewhat super-
. . . .
fluous m light of Hunt's angry denials
to me that he was even in Dallas on
Novemhcr 22th, 1963. I found Hunt
at the Hotel Sheraton Russell in New
York in November. He told me where
he was on November'. 22nd 1961-..in
supported that movie's attempt to prove
how several assassination teams might
have worked in Dallas. Lifton is a 35-
year-old bachelor whose Brentwood
apartment has 22 filing drawers on the
assassination.
Lifton has a work in progress which
challenges the authenticity of the evi-
dence on which the Warren Commis-
sion based its major findings.
• George O'Toole, a former com-
puter analyst for the CIA, has turned
to a new technological tool as an impor-
tant adjunct in his assassination re-
search. The tool is [Cont. on 37)
fomcials who could corroborate his
f ~resence there. Hunt said he'd given
their names to the FBI. which grilled
him rather recently about his where-
abouts during most major political
crimes of the last SO yean1. Hunt add-
ed: "I'd like you to tell the world
I've had these FBI interviews, so that
your colleagues in the media would
put some pressure on the FBI to re-
veal the results of their investigations.
Those investigations would help clear
my name." Hunt promised he'd sue
anyone worth suing who charged that
he was in Dallllli i~ November 1963 or
part of a plot to kill JFK.
Hunt made similar disavowals _on
network TV and local TV shows dunng
November 1974. Nevertheless, the
tramp photos (with one of the tramps
now labeled "Hunt") seem to have a
life all their own, have become part_or
the collection of artifacts surroundmg
the JFK assassmation mythology. Dick
r:~""""" '"""r1 rh.. ,.,.m .. ".,,,,,.. ,.; ......
named "Fre<r Lu C i isman:-Sprague
dubbed the tramp of medium height
"Frenchy'~ ,and it· wu Sprague.who.fad
Ramparts and the Nt!w York TimFS the
intelliaence that "Frenchy" bore a star-
tling resemblance to a widely circulated
police sketch of a m!lfl wanted for the
assassination of Martin Luther King
in. 1968.
In 1972, after years of trying to link
up the tramp photos with, mainly, anti-
Castro Cubans and some of their Amer-
ican compatriots, the buffs started
scanning photos of the actors in the
Watergate scenario. Could any of the
Watergate crowd have been in Dallas?
And if so ... Eureka!, they said, the
short guy was E. Howard Hunt and the
&all one was Frank Sturgis.
The shon man does bear a resem-
blance to current photos of Hunt, to
be sure, but the tramp photos were
l1 unc and· ~turgis. [' York in Novcmt>eT.He toli:lmewtiere the JFK assassination. mytho logy.-D iCk'
.,..,.
Two months ago, RoLLINO SToNE _ he was on November 22nd. 1963-in Gregory found the tramp photos cin:u-
had the trllmJ; photos ex.1unined by the · Washington. at o meeting of-some CIA taring at the A5.~assination Information
.;._ Bureau convention in early February,
r;;" latched on to them (along with Robert
Groden's Zapruder Him blowup) and
took tramp.photos, Groden's blowup
and Groden on the road.
Because Gregory is who he is, how-
ever, something of a folk hero who
commands attention from the media,
the Rockefeller Commission called
Gregory to testify before it in Washing-
ton for a firsthand account of his
charges. There Gregory stopped short
of identifying the short· tramp as Hunt
but plalod the role of "aggrieved citi-
zen." Ir this isn't Hunt. said Gregory,
then the government has an obligation
to tell us who it is.
-R.8.K.
 \

NEW YORK POST. MONDAY. ~~RC~

J Carl Rowan
t°J"ban League l that one oC King's most
influencial ad\'isers was a secret Com·
munlst.
•·we've followed him regularly
to 1\ft'xlco where he meets secretly with
a top Soviet intelligence official, but
we've never been able to get a photo-
WASHINGTON. aura of &eml-believab!lity around what graph of King's friend with the Russian
I ha\e ne\·er been the sort of person used to seem to be ridiculous claims spy," I was Informed by an FBI offi-
Who sees an evil conspiracy behind that G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard cial.
e\·ery death oC every controversial per- Hunt (two ex-CIA operatives) were In Told of this, Johnson asked certain
son. Dallas the day Kennedy was killed ch•il rights leaders to com·lnce King
Not a CIA-capitalist conspiracy. Not and were n1>ar the scene of the crime. that it he continued to be Influenced
a Soviet KGB-Communist plot. Not by this so·called Soviet spy, he would
1 listen with an eerie tingle when
when John F. Kennedy was assassina- someone r<:minds me that Alabama "Teck the civil rights movement. King
ted. Not when Martin Luther King was agreed to ditch the alleged spy, but
killed. Neither when Patrice Lumumba Gov. Wallace has speculated that some- a few weeks later .Johnson, I and other
one with money, who stood to benefit
was murd~red in the Congo, nor when politically from ending his third-party top government officials were treated
t'Papa Doc•· DuvaUer just sort of to FRI stories (maybe valid, maybe
"passed away'' in Halti. campaign, had to be financing and di- not) that King was now seeing the
recting Arthur Bremer, the man now
I have writfrn nary a column sup- imprisoned for almost killing Wallace. alleged Communist secretly.
ti0rting those wtio scream- that Lee
Harvey O;;wald \vas not the sole kill- The terrible truth is that, after Wa- * * *
Yon sit rf'memberlng that many peo-
cr of Kennedy. I have given not a tergate, few people doubt any story of ple detested King for what he was do-
:;ingle speech supporting James Earl political madness. ing to break up the old Jim Crow or-
Ray's claim that he ls not responsible A top FBI official confided to me de1·. After the FBI launched Its whis-
for King's murder and that he desen·es several years ago that the late J. Ed- pering campaign, many Ameiicans be·
3 new trial. gar Hoover was livid when Dr. King Ji.!?,·ed he was a "commie" out to de-
As one who once sat on the Forty was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. stroy this country. Olher segments of
Committee, which approved delicate Hoover talked with a few aides about this society despised him tor the harsh
CIA operalions, and who never heard the fact that King had tried, as a teen- things he was saying about U.S. mill-
-a. word about the CL~ operations, and ager, to commit suicide. Either Hoover, tary involvement in Indochina.
who never heard a word about the or one of his minions, decided that the You remember U1ose things and are
CIA's killing nybody, obviously I've "suicidal tendency" might be reacti- forced to wonder if King's assassina-
JJever grabbed TV Ume w;th a claim vated tr the FBI sent to King's wife tion was merely the deed ol one man,
that the U.S. was operating a sort of a surreptitious recording ·made of a James Earl Ray, who acted solely out
~rurder, Inc. in the Caribbean or ~-¥· party in King's su.ite In a Washington or his own hatreds.
place else. hotel. The more one hears these stories
* * • Coretta King has now admitted that of nefarious schemes and gross abuses
I belh.•\•e 1hat you don't •oouse peo- such a tape was received, but she ls by the dirty tricksters ot the intelli-
pie or gm·e1:nments-of murder unless quoted as saying that neither she nor gence community, the easier It be-
you're able to prove It. her late husband felt that tt was dam- comes to doubt that James Earl Ray
Yet, I confess that rm shaken by aging to them. So King did not commit acted alone, without instigation, or
The rash or recent stories alleging that suicide. without help or pay from others.
the CIA handed out contracts to the Meanwhile, tn 1964, Hoover told Presi- How poisoned the atmosphere be-
lfafia for the murder of assorted peo- dent Johnson (who then told civil rights comes when normall~· trusting people
pie, presun;ably all foreigners. The leaders like Roy Wilkins of the NAACP find themselves suspecting the worst
Watergate revelations have thrown L'l a.nd Whitney Young of the National where polit!cal murders are involved.

originated in a hoax, hatched in D e-
cember 1963 by two Texas newsmen and
a Dallas assistant D.A. who suspected
th e bureau of tapping their phones. As
one of the reporte rs, Alonzo Hudkins,
recounted it, the three set out to prove
the ir suspicion by staging a conference
call, referring to Oswald as an informant
and debating what his numbe r was-
S-179or172. Sure enough, said Hudkins,
an agent materialized within a half hour,
dropped a few off-the-point questions,
the n asked casually: "Say, have you
heard a nything about a secre t payroll
m tmber Oswald may have had?" Hud-
kins played dumb, and h eard nothing
more of the tale unti l a iew York news-
paper printed Hoover's denial-before
the charge had ever reached print.
The 'Dirty Rumor': The commission's
critics maintain that, whatever the me r-
its, it did not pursue the agency connec-
tions hard enough , and instead took the
FBI and CIA de nials at fuce value. Their
exhibitA is a lately surfaced transcript of
a closed-door commission meeting in
January 1964, at which staff director J.
Lee Rankin began unhappily: "We do
have a dirty rumor [about Oswald as
informant S-179] ... and it must be
wiped out insofar as it is possible to do so
by this commission." What follows is a
long, unflatte ring d ebate in which the
commission wobbles indecisively be-
tween offending H oover by mounting its
own investigation, or merely acce pting
his word--even on the advice of former
C IA director Allen Dulles that Hoover
would probably lie if it were so. They
settled on a "marriage" of the two ap-
proaches, but critics charge they did
precious little independent inquiry.
The Flaws: The "nunor" was an insub-
stantial one to start w ith, as the commis-
sion staffmay have sen sed from the first;
one of the Texas law men w ho reported it
to the m, in any event, was the assistanl
D .A. who had helped make il up. Most
accounts of the meeting, moreover, un-
kindly omit a second sentence from
Rankin's opening remarks, in which he
admonishes the commission that the
country will expect it " to try to find out
the facts ... [so it] can fairly say, 'In our
38
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Blowup: Was the shadowy form under Lhe tree
leaves Lhe bead of an assassin holding a rifle?
opinion, he was or was not an e mployee
of any inte lligence agency of the United
States'." Uthe ens uing inquiry did not go
much beyond Hoover's flat denial, it did
substantially unde rc ut the tale that Os-
wald drew down $200 a month. The
commission published an exhaustive
100-page anatomy of Oswald's finances
over his last seventeen months, during
which he earned $3,655 and pinched
every penny of it; it uncovered no evi-
d ence that any hidde n benefactor was
doubling bis income under the table.
The No-Oswald Theory: For years , var-
ious conspiracy th eorists h ave posited
the possibility that there may have b een
two or even three Oswalds, one the real
article, the othe r (or others) assig ned by
unknown con spirators to prepare weeks
and months al1ead for his frame-up by
p lan tin g incrimina ting clues about him.
In the new wave, Peter Dale Scott, a
Berke ley medievalist and assassination
buff, has added an ingenious new wrin-
kle: that the re may have been no real
Oswald a t a ll. One principaJ so urce of
this speculation is that Oswald's
height-5 feet 9 al his death-fluctuates
in various physical-examination records
over four years between 5 feet 8 and 5
feet 11. Says Scott: 'Tm really intrigued
that the only reali ty of Lee Harvey
Oswald is some documents, a passport
w hich was used by different people.
Who was Lee H arvey Oswald? Whoever
Ul'I
Superbullet: Both JFK a nd Connally?
happened to b e carrying the passport."
The Flaws: Such records are often care-
lessly made; the one that says Oswald
was 5 feet 8, for instance, i s accompanied
by a photograph of Oswald standing
against a waU gri<l on which his height is
5 feet 9. In any case, if there was no Lee
Harvey Oswald , who is the woman who
for 35 years has been claiming to be Lee
Harvey Oswald's mother?
The Plumber Connection: A number of
conspiratoi:ialists, notably comedian
Dick Gregory, have promoted the theory
that Wate rgate conspirators E. Howard
Hunt and Frank Sturgis may have been
present-and in fact briefly detained-at
the assassination scene. Their "evi-
dence" is a press photo of the Dallas
police w ith three unide ntified " tramps"
in tow; the shortest of the three looks to
some doubters like Hunt, the tallest like
Sturgis. The implication: the plumbers-
to-be were somehow associated with the
events that bloody noonday in Dallas.
The Flaws: The look-alikes. on close
insp ection, don' t. The " Hunt" figure
seems older in 1963, when he would have
been 45, than he does now at 56, and the
·•sturgis" Doppe lganger is craggier and
fairer than his real-life incarnation.
What the doubters have confirmed,
after a dozen years' labor, is that the
Wa rre n inquiry was a flawed and at criti-
cal mome nts a timid one. What they have
yet to provide is a satisfying alternative to
the official theory-a h ypothesis that
does not require whole squads of assas-
sins vanishing into thin air and whole
platoons of lawme n conspiring success-
fully over a decade and more to protect
them. The conspiracy theorists may, as
they claim, have raised enough reason-
able doubt to warrant reopening the C'ase,
in a committee o f Congress or some other
open and indepenclent forum. But ii
wo uld be perilously \Vishful thinking to
expect s uch an inquiry to lay all doubts to
rest-to make order ofthe ch aos ol'Dallas,
Nov. 22, 1963, or lo promulgate some
fi nal, symmetrical " truth" about the
death o[J ohn F. Kennedy.
- PETER GOLDMAN with JOHN J. LINDSAY 1n Washington
and bureau reports
Newsweek , April 28, 1975

L~321I
... but did a second hit from up front drive him violently backward?
Belin, a Warren staff alumnus now di-
recting the Rockefeller commission in-
quiry into the CIA, says flatly: "I have no
doubt that Oswald killed Kennedy."
WAS THERE A CONSPIRACY?
The Superbullet: The Warren commis-
sion's one-man theory rested heavily on
the hypothesis that Oswald's first shot
struck JFK in the upper back, exited from
his throat, tore through then Texas Gov.
John Connally's torso and right wrist,
and burrowed into his left thigh. To have
conceded that the two men were hit by
separate shots would have been to ac-
knowledge a second gw1; Oswald almost
certainly could not have fired his clumsy
bolt-action rifle that quickly. Yet the
single bullet said to have caused all this
damage came away miraculously un-
scathed. And ongoing studies of the
Zapruder film-most recently by Robert
Groden, 29, a New York optics expert
currently touring with a pirated print-
seem to the doubters to show Kennedy
and Connally reacting to their wounds a
half-second to one and a half seconds
apart. The conclusion: they must have
been hit by separate guns.
The Flaws: The nearly pristine condi-
tion of what critics call SuperbuUet is
indeed hard to e:\.'Plain; the commission' s to Kennedy's brain.
defenders are mostly reduced to arguing
that it could have survived intact be-
cause it did. But the doubters are stuck
with the perplexing question of
what did become of the bullet
that hit Kennedy if it didn't
strike Connally as well. And the
film is at best ambiguous on the
timing of their wounds. To some
viewers, Connally seems to go
stiff almost simultaneously with
Kennedy' s first visible reaction,
and hjs right hand flies upward
clutching his Stetson-reflexes
that might support a single-
bullet theory. Connally's major
reaction to his wounds does
come a half second or so later,
when he begins sagging right·
ward, spins and then slumps Photo play: Some conspiracy Lheorists
heavily to his left. The commis- profess to recognize Watergate conspira-
sion called this a de layed reac- tors Sturgis and Bunt (above) among the
tion, and subsequent studies by three tramps in police custody near the
UCLA physicist B.K. Jones tend scene of the Kennedy assassination
April 28, 1975
to buttress its case. Jones found iliat
Connally's reaction was too exaggerated
to be explained by the impact of the
bullet; he suggests that Connally was
reacting physiologicaJly to his wounds.
The Fatal Wound: With gut-wrenching
clarity, Groden's blowups of the Za-
pruder film show JFK's head snapping
forward under the impact of a bullet that
blew away one side of his skull; then, a
split-second later, his hand and body
lurch even more violently up, back and
leftward into Jackie's arms. The
doubters' theory'- that Kennedy was bit
by separate shots, one from the rear and
one from the front, a single movie frame
(or one-eighteenth of a second) apart.
The Flaws: The Sim itself shows an
explosion of blood, brain and bone &ag-
me nts spraying upward and forward,
suggesting a bit from the rear. A second
bullet striking Kennedy from up front
might have been expected to produce a
comparable burst backward, but none is
visible. Physicist )ones's studies, more-
over, concluded tllat a double hit would
have required a "giant" second bullet
with ten times the momentum of the first
to drive JFK back and leftward so force-
fully. His hypothesis: the movement was
a neuromuscular reaction to the damage
The Mystery Men: The conspiratorialists
have long been fascinated by a frame in a
second amateur film shot by Orville Nix;
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
it shows-or so they believe-a figure -
aiming what cou ld be a rifle over the top
of what could be a station wagon on the
grassy knoll allead of the President's
motorcade. And Groden, in the best
"B lowup" tradition, thinks he has found
two and possibly three more assassins in
the Zapruder film: one, rifle still in hand,
dimly visible through some low-hanging
tree branches along the motorcade route,
the other-perhaps with backup man-
behind a fence on the grassy knoll.
The Flaws: The Nix "assassin," if he
exists, could as easily be sighting a
camera as a gun; if it is a rifle, he appears
to have the wrong ann propped on the car
roof. Groden's "gunmen" are too gauzy
even to be identified positively as hu·
man beings, let alone assassins, and are
accordingly regarded as dubious even
among some diehard conspiratorialists.
WAS OSWALD A GOVERNMENT AGENT?
The FBI-CIA Connection: The conspiracy
literature is shot through with specula-
tion that Oswald was an operative or at
least an informer for one or both agen-
cies, which were then heavily involved
in trying to penetrate domestic radical
groups. The CIA links are largely suppo-
sitious, based on some striking oddities
in Oswald' s record (tl1e ease with which
he got a Marine Corps discharge, then
defected to Russia, then came home on a
government loan) and some thready con-
nections with various people and places
thought to be in the CIA's ambit The
FBI story bad rather more body: Oswald
in fact was carrying the name and phone
number of Dallas agent James Hosty in
his pocket notebook, and there were
rumors-now often quoted as fact-that
he was on tl1e bureau payroll as infonn-
ant number S-179 at $200 a month.
The Flaws: The CIA connection re-
mains speculative, pending further in-
quiry by the Rockefeller commission and
the two Congressional committees in-
quiring into the agency's operations. The
FBl's Hosty ins isted he had contacted
Oswald only as a matter of routine SUI-
veillance of a returned defector. And the
embellishments about his informant sta-
tus and his payroll number apparently
I I I t 9 • •
37

lFRAM.!= 321 I
. . but did a second bit from up fron t drive h im violently backward?
~elin, a Warren staff alum nu s now di-
·ecting the Rockefeller commission in-
1uiry into the CIA, says flatly: '"l have no
lou bt that Oswald killed Kennedy."
WAS THERE A CONSPIRACY?
The Superbullet: T he Warren commis-
;ion "s one-man theory rested heavi ly on
h e hypothesis that Oswald's first shot
;truck JFK in the upper bac k, e xited from
:iis throat, tore through the n Texas Gov.
fohn Connally's torso and right wrist,
md burrowed into his left thigh . To have
~onceded that the two men were hit by
~eparate shots would have b een to ac-
mowledge a second gun; Oswald almost
~ertain ly could not have fired his clumsy
Dolt-action rifle that quickly. Yet the
>ingle bullet said to have caused all this
:hunage came away miraculously un-
;cathed . And ongoing studies of the
lapruder film- most recently by Robe rt
Groden, 29, a New York optics ex'1)ert
:urrently touring with a pirated print-
;eem to the doubte rs to show Kennedy
md ConnaJly reacting to their wounds a
1alf-second to one and a half seconds
ipart. The conclusion: they must have
Jeen hit by separate guns.
The Flaws: The nearly pristine condi-
:ion of what critics call Superbullet is
ndeed hard to ex-plain; the commission' s
lefenders are mostly reduced to arguing
:bat it could have survived intact be-
:ause it did. But the doubte rs are stuck
.vitb the perplexing question of
#hat did become of the bulle t
hat hit Kennedy if it didn't
;trike Connally as well. And the
llm is at best ambiguous on tl1e
iming oftheir wounds. To some
•iewers, Connally seems to go
;tiff almost simultaneously with
Kennedy's first visible reaction,
md his right hand flies upward
:lutching bis Ste tso n-reflexes
:hat might support a single-
c:i ulle t theory. Connally's major
reaction to his wounds does
:ome a half second or so later,
#he n he begins sagging right-
•vard, spins and tl1en slumps Photo play: Some conspiracy theorists
~eav ily to his left. The commis- profess to recognize Watergate conspira-
;ion called this a de layed reac- tors Sturgis and Han t (above) among the
:ion, and subsequent studies by iliree tramps in police custody near the
UCLA physicist B.K.] ones tend scene of the Kennedy assassination
~pril 28, 1975
to buttress its case. Jones found that
Connally's reaction was too exaggerated
to be explained by the impac t of the
bullet; be suggests that Connally was
reacting physiologically to his wounds.
The Fatal Wound : With gut-wrenching
clarity, Groden's blowups of the Za-
pruder Ulm show JFK's head snapping
forward unde r the impac t of a bullet that
b lew away one side of h is skull ; then, a
split-second later, his hand and body
lurch even more violently up, back and
leftward into Jackie's arms. The
doubte rs' theory-: that Ke nnedy was hit
by separate shots, one from the rear and
one from the front, a single movie fram e
(or one-eighteenth of a second) apart.
The Flaws: The film itse lf shows an
explosion of blood, brain and bone frag-
ments spraying upward and forward,
suggesting a hit from the rear. A second
bullet striking Kennedy from up front
might have been expected to produce a
comparable burst bac kward, but none is
visible. Physicist Jones's studies. more-
over, concluded that a double hit would
have required a "giant" second bulle t
with ten times tlle mome ntum of the first
to drive JFK back and leftward so force-
fully. His h ypothesis: the movement was
a neuromuscular reaction to the damage
to Kennedy's brain.
The Mystery Men: The conspiratorialists
have long bee n fascinated by a frame in a
second amateur film shot by Orville Nix;
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
it shows-or so they believe-a ~giife-..;..;.$
aimin g what could be a rifle over the top
of what could be a station wagon on the
grassy knoll ahead of the President's
motorcade. And Groden, in the best
" Blowup" tradition, thinks he has found
two and possib ly three more assassins in
the Zapruder film: one, rifle stil l in hand,
dim ly visible through some low-hanging
tree branches along the motorcade route,
the other-perhaps with backup man-
behind a fence on the grassy knol l.
The Flaws: The Nix "assassin," if h e
e xists, could as easily be sighting a
camera as a gun; if it is a rifle, he appears
to have the wrong arm propped on the car
roof. Groden's ''gunmen" are too gauzy
e ven to be identified positive ly as hu-
man beings, let alone assassins, and are
accordingly regarded as dubious even
amon g some d iehard conspiratorialists.
WAS OSWALD A GOVERNMENT AGENT?
The FBI-CIA Connection: The conspiracy
lite rature is shot through with specula-
tion tllat Oswald was an operative or at
least an informer for one or both agen-
cies, which were the n heavily involved
in trying to penetrate domestic radical
groups. The CIA links are largely suppo-
sitions, based on som e striking oddities
in Oswald's record (tlle ease with which
he got a Marine Corps discharge , then
defected to Russia, the n came home on a
government loan) and some thready con-
nections witl1 various people a nd places
thought to b e in the CIA' s ambit The
FBI story had rather more body: Oswald
in fact was carrying the name and phone
number of Dallas agent James Hosty in
his pocket note book, and tl1e re were
rumors-now often quoted as fact-tllat
he was on the bureau payroll as inform-
ant number S-179 at $200 a month.
The Flaws: The CIA connection re-
mains speculative, pending further in-
quiry by the Rockefeller commission and
the two Congressional committees in-
quiring into the agen cy' s operations. The
FBI's Hosty insisted be had contacted
Oswald only as a m atter of routine sur-
veillance of a re turned defector. And the
embellishments about bis informant sta-
,,.,, ..
tus and his payroll number apparently
37
Paae 16 ICONOCLAST, Dallas, Texas, October 10-17, 1975
.....
ftOTIS
by Do111 D. BUer, Jr.
Guess who's aoing to Washing-
tonl Channel 13 "Newsroom"
moderator Lee Clark is scheduled
to join "Input" as a national
correspondent in the nation's
capital where she will be
reunited with her old boss Jim
Lehrer. Public television insiders
are wondering who will be her
replacement if the show survives
her departure.
Who would have thought that
our mayor would respond to
Iconoclast's calling on Wes Wl1e
to get back into radio (Editorial :
"Our Voice In Irving!" May
23-30) by working the early
morning show at "easy listening'
KVIU
The slogan-monaer who c
come up with the Official Slog n
for the United States
December 1, 1975 will w
$5,000 plus a month's stay at th
best Holiday Inn in the cities h
might visit and an America
Motors station wagon. You can
enter by sending your slogan to:
Slogan U.S.A., Box 1776, Washin-
ton, D.C. The winner will be
announced March 21, 1976.
The most interesting sign seen
in the Dallas District Attorney's
office lately read: "Only a good
prosecutor can convict an
innocent man."
ouston Investigative reporte
Martin Ralbovsky discovered
that freedom of the press is
exercised by the men who own
one as he quit his job last week
after the editors of the HoUlton
Chronicle refused to publish his
stories on the John Kennedy
y assassination case. Ralbovsky
says he was ordered to halt his
digging into the J.F.K. murder
after he uncovered apparent
discrepencies in the Warren
Commission investigation. That
story killed by the Chronicle
alleged that members of the
arren Commission believed
tH were being lied to by Dallas
Poh officials. Ralbovsky sa't
his eel rs removed him from e
J.F.K. ca complainjng th his
stories wo "dis " the
state of Texas.
Reporter Ralbovsky isn't the
nly one who had trouble with
that case. It is interesting to
recall that one of the three
doctors who conducted the
autopsy on J.F.K., Col. Pierre
Finck, later testified under oath
that he was ordered by a high
njilitary officer during the
utopsy not to attempt to trace
e path of the wounds through
he President's body.
Doctor Finck states that the
officer, Admiral Edward Kenney,
told the doctors not to probe
certain wounds when they were
attempting to reconstruct what
had happened during the assas·
sination .
As a result of the admiral'•
order, the autopsy physicians a
Bethseda, Maryland, complete!•