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Sanjay Kumar IJMALE 2016 PDF
Sanjay Kumar IJMALE 2016 PDF
Journal of
Management, Administration,
Leadership & Education
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International Journal of Management, Administration, Leadership & Education is published
bi-annually by the Harish Narang.
Editor
Dr. Satish Chandra Gupta
Associate Professor
Department of Commerce, Shyam Lal College,
University of Delhi
Editorial Board
Dr. Amarendra Narayan ‘Amar’ Dr. Renu Aggarwal
Business Organisation, Assistant Professor
Commerce & Management ARSD College, Delhi University
Contents
Sanjay Kumar
Research Scholar, Deptt of Management Kalinga University, Naya Raipur,
Chhattisgarh-492101 Email: bhardwajsan@gmail.com
Healthcare regulations are critical to ensure safety of patient and ensure principle
of ‘first do no harm’. Safety for mobile health can be understood by considering the
behaviour of the end-to-end system, and this creates a significant number of regulatory
touch points. These touch points arise from regulations relating to medical devices, to
privacy of medical information and to the provision of healthcare services. The extent and
nature of the touch points will vary according to the design of the solution, and the need
for the architecture to support interoperability for each element. Some of the legal and
regulatory challenges in ensuring timely market access are:
1. Integration into National Systems
2. Negative perceived history of e-Health implementation creating uncertainty
3. Operational challenges with registration and relationships with other agencies
4. Regulation on Health Policy and Financing
5. Position on data ownership, privacy and consent not fully understood
6. Insufficient evidence for public payers to integrate mHealth into current
intervention strategy
7. Taxation on mobile remains relatively high among African countries
8. Standards & Interoperability
9. Lack of a nationally mandated framework for standards and interoperability
means uncertainty for service providers
Medical
Device App Mobile Device
record Clinician
network manager
Clinician 2
Patient 1 Hosted by mobile Not hosted
service provider by mobile Clinician
service 2
provider
Embedded
Privacy and
mHealth
security –
Regulation Technical consent to
of health standards f or share
Regulation of
service prof essionals health
providers inf ormation
exchange Device manager
Privacy and security • May be an Electronic Health Record
Multi-user device with implications f or privacy and
likely to require security, impact on where the
registration of system is hosted and secondary use
patient sessions – of data
implies device may • Controls f or engineering and
store patient support, particularly if of f -shore
identif iable data and
need access controls
Health Systems: Examples of Potential Areas for Saving Costs and Increasing Efficiency
Public information • More targeted distribution of information
24x7 call centers • Decreased need for in-person clinic visits
Administration Issues
Performance review • Easier and more timely aggregation of data by factors in-
cluding district, region, provider, and disease
Staff management • Ability to mine data to monitor staff performance through
various filters, including at the individual or aggregate level
• Ability to supervise staff in real-time
Staff training • Combination of physical and eTraining may provide
efficiencies over traditional model, particularly for “just-in-
time” training
Payments • Operations and record keeping efficiency
• Fraud protection
Supply chain manage- • Avoiding stockouts
ment • Fraud protection, e.g. fake medicines
An evaluation of the benefits of mhealth programs should focus on clinical and social
outcomes using reliable conversion factors. The outcomes are focused on benefits to the
patient and the provider and it is important to translate the metrics to the end user of the
specific technology. For example, smart phones could be used to help train community
health workers in aspects of maternal and child health and the metrics should frame
specified outcomes for mothers, newborns, and children resulting from the training.