PROBLEM 9.

81
Determine the moments of inertia and the product of inertia of the area of
Problem 9.73 with respect to new centroidal axes obtained by rotating the
x and y axes through 30o clockwise.

SOLUTION

From Problem 9.73, I xy = 138.24 × 106 mm 4

I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 ( I x )1 = ( I x )2
π 4
= 2  (120 mm ) 
8 

= 51.84π × 106 mm 4

Iy = Iy ( )1 + ( I y )2 ( I y )1 = ( I y )2
π π 2
= 2  (120 mm ) + (120 mm ) ( 60 mm ) 
4 2

8 2 

= 103.68π × 106 mm 4

Have ( )
I x = 2 25.92π × 106 = 51.84π × 106 mm 4

and ( )
I y = 2 51.84π × 106 = 103.68π × 106 mm 4

Then
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 77.76π × 106 mm 4

and
1
2
( )
I x − I y = −25.92π × 106 mm 4
 PROBLEM 9.81 CONTINUED

Now, from Equations 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20

Equation 9.18: I x′ =
1
2
(Ix + I y +)1
2
( )
I x − I y cos 2θ − I xy sin 2θ

= 77.76π × 106 − 25.92π × 106 cos ( −60° ) − 138.24 × 106 sin ( −60° )  mm 4

= 323.29 × 106 mm 4

or I x = 323 × 106 mm 4

Equation 9.19: I y′ =
1
2
(
Ix + I y − )
1
2
( )
I x − I y cos 2θ + I xy sin 2θ

= 77.76π × 106 + 25.92π × 106 cos ( −60° ) + 138.24 × 106 sin ( −60° )  mm 4

= 165.29 × 106 mm 4

or I y′ = 165.29 × 106 mm 4

Equation 9.20: I x′y′ =

1
2
( )
I x − I y sin 2θ + I xy cos 2θ

=  −25.92π × 106 sin ( −60° ) + 138.24 × 106 cos ( −60° )  mm 4

= 139.64 × 106 mm 4

or I x′y′ = 139.6 × 104 mm 4

 PROBLEM 9.82
Determine the moments of inertia and the product of inertia of the area of
Problem 9.75 with respect to new centroidal axes obtained by rotating the
x and y axes through 60o counterclockwise.

SOLUTION

From Problem 9.75 I xy = 1.5732 × 106 mm 4

Now I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3

1
where ( I x )1 = (150 mm )(12 mm )3 = 21 600 mm4
12
1
and ( I x )2 = ( I x )3 = (12 mm )( 38 mm )3 + (12 mm )( 38 mm ) ( 25 mm )2
12

= 339 872 mm 4

Then I x =  21 600 + 2 ( 339 872 )  mm 4 = 701 344 mm 4 = 0.70134 × 106 mm 4

Also Iy = Iy ( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
where ( I y )1 = 121 (12 mm )(150 mm )3 = 3.375 × 106 mm4
and ( I y )2 = ( I y )3 = 121 ( 38 mm )(12 mm )3 + (12 mm )( 38 mm ) ( 69 mm )2
= 2.1765 × 106 mm 4

Then I y = ( 3.375 + 2 ( 2.1765 )  × 106 mm 4 = 7.728 × 106 mm 4

Now
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 4.2146 × 106 mm 4

and
1
2
( )
I x − I y = −3.5133 × 106 mm 4
 PROBLEM 9.82 CONTINUED

Using Equations 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20

From Equation 9.18:

Ix + I y Ix − I y
I x′ = + cos 2θ − I xy sin 2θ
2 2

( )
=  4.2147 × 106 + −3.5133 × 106 cos (120° ) − 1.5732 × 106 sin (120° )  mm 4
 

= 4.6089 × 106 mm 4

or I x′ = 4.61 × 106 mm 4

From Equation 9.19:

Ix + I y Ix − I y
I y′ = − cos 2θ + I xy sin 2θ
2 2

( )
=  4.2147 × 106 − −3.5133 × 106 cos (120° ) + 1.5732 × 106 sin (120° )  mm 4
 

= 3.8205 × 106 mm 4

or I y′ = 3.82 × 106 mm 4
From Equation 9.20:

Ix − I y
I x′y′ = sin 2θ + I xy cos 2θ
2

=  −3.5133 × 106 sin (120° ) + 1.5732 × 106 cos (120° )  mm 4

= −3.8292 × 106 mm 4

or I x′y′ = −3.83 × 106 mm 4

 PROBLEM 9.83
Determine the moments of inertia and the product of inertia of the
L76 × 51 × 6.4-mm angle cross section of Problem 9.74 with respect to
new centroidal axes obtained by rotating the x and y axes through 45o
clockwise.

SOLUTION

From Problem 9.74

I xy = −0.1596 × 106 mm 4

From Figure 9.13

I x = 0.166 × 106 mm 4

I y = 0.453 × 106 mm 4

Now
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 0.3095 × 106 mm 4

1
2
( )
I x − I y = −0.1453 × 106 mm 4

Using Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20)

Equation (9.18):

Ix + I y Ix − I y
I x′ = + cos 2θ − I xy sin 2θ
2 2

 ( ) ( )
= 0.3095 × 106 + −0.1435 × 106 cos ( −90° ) − −0.1596 × 106 sin ( −90° )  mm 4


= 0.1499 × 106 mm 4

or I x′ = 0.1499 × 106 mm 4
 PROBLEM 9.83 CONTINUED

Equation (9.19):

Ix + I y Ix − I y
I y′ = − cos 2θ + I xy sin 2θ
2 2

 ( ) ( )
= 0.3095 × 106 − −0.1435 × 106 cos ( −90° ) + −0.1596 × 106 sin ( −90° )  mm 4


= 0.4691 × 106 mm 4

or I y′ = 0.469 × 106 mm 4

Equation (9.20):

Ix − I y
I x′y′ = sin 2θ + I xy cos 2θ
2

=  −0.1435 × 106 sin ( −90° ) + 0.1596 × 106 cos ( −90° )  mm 4

= 0.1435 × 106 mm 4

or I x′y′ = 0.1435 × 106 mm 4

 PROBLEM 9.84
Determine the moments of inertia and the product of inertia of the
L5 × 3 × 12 -in. angle cross section of Problem 9.78 with respect to new
centroidal axes obtained by rotating the x and y axes through 30o
counterclockwise.

SOLUTION

From Problem 9.78

I xy = 2.8125 in 4

From Figure 9.13

I x = 9.45 in 4 , I y = 2.58 in 4

Now
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 6.015 in 4

1
2
( )
I x − I y = 3.435 in 4

Using Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20)

Ix + I y Ix − I y
Equation (9.18): I x′ = + cos 2θ − I xy sin 2θ
2 2

= 6.015 + 3.435cos ( 60° ) − 2.8125sin ( 60° )  in 4 = 5.2968 in 4

or I x′ = 5.30 in 4

Ix + I y Ix − I y
Equation (9.19): I y′ = − cos 2θ + I xy sin 2θ
2 2

= 6.015 − 3.435cos ( 60° ) + 2.8125sin ( 60° )  in 4 = 6.7332 in 4

or I y′ = 6.73 in 4

Ix − I y
Equation (9.20): I x′y′ = sin 2θ + I xy cos 2θ
2

= 3.435sin ( 60° ) + 2.8125cos ( 60° )  in 4 = 4.3810 in 4 or I x′y′ = 4.38 in 4

 PROBLEM 9.85
For the quarter ellipse of Problem 9.67, determine the orientation of the
principal axes at the origin and the corresponding values of the moments
of inertia.

SOLUTION
π π
From Problem 9.79: Ix = a4 Iy = a4
8 2
1 4
Problem 9.67: I xy = a
2

1 
2  a4 
2 I xy 2 
Now, Equation (9.25): tan 2θ m = − =−
Ix − I y π π
a4 − a4
8 2
8
= = 0.84883
3π
Then 2θ m = 40.326° and 220.326°

or θ m = 20.2° and 110.2°

2
Ix + I y  Ix − I y 
Also, Equation (9.27): I max, min = ±   + I xy
2
2  2 

1π 4 π 4
=  a + a 
2 8 2 

2 2
1 π π  1 
±   a4 − a4  +  a4 
2 8 2  2 

= ( 0.981748 ± 0.772644 ) a 4

or I max = 1.754a 4

and I min = 0.209a 4

By inspection, the a axis corresponds to Imin and the b axis corresponds to
Imax.
 PROBLEM 9.86
For the area indicated, determine the orientation of the principal axes at
the origin and the corresponding values of the moments of inertia.
Area of Problem 9.72

SOLUTION

From the solutions to Problem 9.72 and 9.80

I xy = 501.1875 in 4
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4

1
2
( )
I x − I y = −1946.53125 in 4

2 I xy 501.1875
Then Equation (9.25): tan 2θ m = − =− = 0.257477
Ix − I y −1946.53125

or 2θ m = 14.4387° and 194.4387°

or θ m = 7.22° and 97.2°

2
Ix + I y  Ix − I y 
I max, min = ±  + I xy2
 2 
Equation (9.27):
2  

= 2812.21875 ± ( −1946.53125 )2 + ( 501.1875 )2

= ( 2812.21875 ± 2010.0181) in 4

or I max = 4.82 × 103 in 4

and I min = 802 in 4

By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
 PROBLEM 9.87
For the area indicated, determine the orientation of the principal axes at
the origin and the corresponding values of the moments of inertia.
Area of Problem 9.73

SOLUTION

From Problems 9.73 and 9.81

I x = 51.84π × 106 mm 4

I y = 103.68π × 106 mm 4

I xy = 138.24 × 106 mm 4

Equation (9.25): tan 2θ m = −

2 I xy
=−
(
2 138.24 × 106 )
Ix − I y 51.84π × 10 − 103.68π × 106
6

= 1.69765

2θ m = 59.500° and 239.500°

or θ m = 29.7° and 119.7°

2
 Ix − I y 
Then I max, min =
1
2
( )
Ix + I y ± 
 2 
+ I xy2
 

( 51.84 + 103.68) π × 106  ( 51.84 − 103.68 ) π × 106 

2

( )
2
= ±   + 138.24 × 10
6
2  2 

= ( 244.29 ± 160.44 ) × 106 mm 4

or I max = 405 × 106 mm 4

and I min = 83.9 × 106 mm 4

Note: By inspection the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
 PROBLEM 9.88
For the area indicated, determine the orientation of the principal axes at
the origin and the corresponding values of the moments of inertia.
Area of Problem 9.75

SOLUTION
From Problems 9.75 and 9.82

I x = 0.70134 × 106 mm 4

I y = 7.728 × 106 mm 4

I xy = 1.5732 × 106 mm 4

Then
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 4.2147 × 106 mm 4

1
2
( )
I x − I y = −3.5133 × 106 mm 4

Equation (9.25): tan 2θ = −

2 I xy
=−
(
2 1.5732 × 106 )
Ix − I y 0.70134 × 10 − 7.728 × 106
6

= 0.44778
Then 2θ m = 24.12° and 204.12°

or θ m = 12.06° and 102.1°

2
Ix + I y  Ix − I y  2
I max, min = ± 
 2  xy
Also, Equation (9.27): I
2  

( −3.5133 × 10 ) + (1.5732 × 10 )
2 2
= 4.2147 × 106 ± 6 6

= ( 4.2147 ± 3.8494 ) × 106 mm 4

or I max = 8.06 × 106 mm 4

and I min = 0.365 × 106 mm 4

By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
 PROBLEM 9.89
For the angle cross section indicated, determine the orientation of the
principal axes at the origin and the corresponding values of the moments
of inertia.
The L76 × 51 × 6.4-mm angle cross section of Problem 9.74

SOLUTION
From Problems 9.74 and 9.83

I x = 0.166 × 106 mm 4

I y = 0.453 × 106 mm 4

I xy = −0.1596 × 106 mm 4

Then
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 0.3095 × 106 mm 4

1
2
( )
I x − I y = −0.1435 × 106 mm 4

Equation (9.25): tan 2θ m = −

2 I xy
=−
(
2 −0.1596 × 106 ) = −1.1122
Ix − I y ( 0.166 − 0.453) × 106
Then 2θ m = −48.041° and 131.96°

or θ m = −24.0° and 66.0°

Also, Equation (9.27): I max, min =

( Ix + I y ) ±  Ix − I y 

2

 + I xy
2
2  2 

( −0.1435 × 10 ) + ( −0.1596 × 10 )
2 2
= 0.3095 × 106 ± 6 6

= ( 0.3095 ± 0.21463) × 106 mm 4

or I max = 0.524 × 106 mm 4

I min = 0.0949 × 106 mm 4

By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
 PROBLEM 9.90
For the angle cross section indicated, determine the orientation of the
principal axes at the origin and the corresponding values of the moments
of inertia.
1
The L5 × 3 × -in. angle cross section of Problem 9.78
2

SOLUTION
From Problems 9.78 and 9.84

I xy = 2.81 in 4

I x = 9.45 in 4

I y = 2.58 in 4

Then
1
2
( )
I x + I y = 6.015 in 4

1
2
( )
I x − I y = 3.435 in 4

2 I xy 2 ( 2.81)
Equation (9.25): tan 2θ m = − =− = −0.8180
Ix − I y 9.45 − 2.58

Then 2θ m = −39.2849 and 140.7151

or θ m = −19.64 and 70.36

Also, Equation (9.27): I max, min =

( Ix + I y ) ±  Ix − I y 

2

 + I xy
2
2  2 

= 6.015 ± 3.4352 − 2.812

= ( 6.015 ± 4.438 ) in 4

or I max = 10.45 in 4

and I min = 1.577 in 4

Note: By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .