FLUID MECHANICS LGB 21403

1. A pump delivers 50 L/s of water with a head of 55 m and runs at a speed of 1470 rpm for 8 the
hours per day. The efficiency is 78%. The electric motor driving the pump has an efficiency of
88% and the cost of electricity is 10.5 cents per kWh. Determine:
a. the shaft power
b. the shaft torque
c. the cost of electricity per day to run the pump

2. A vane pump has a displacement of 0.08 L per revolution of the shaft. At a speed of 1440 rpm it
delivers 1.75 L/s of liquid. The pressure increase across the pump is 4 MPa and the pump
efficiency is 82%. Determine:
a. the volumetric efficiency
b. the input power
c. the mechanical efficiency if the hydraulic efficiency is 95%

3. An external gear pump has gear rotors of outside diameter 45 mm, inside diameter 25 mm, and
width 30 mm. It is driven at 1250 rpm and is pumping oil of relative density 0.9, which enters the
pump at atmospheric pressure. When the pressure increase across the pump is 1.2 MPa, the
volumetric efficiency is 95% and the overall efficiency is 76%. Determine:
a. the volumetric flow rate
b. the fluid power
c. the shaft power

4. For the pump illustrated in the figure below, the flow rate is 4.5 L/s of sea water (RD 1.04). The
pressure at the pump inlet is -30kPa (g) and at the pump outlet is 740 kPa (g). Determine the
following pumping heads:
a. pressure head
b. velocity head
c. potential head
d. total head
ф 32 (ID)

450 450 mm

ф 50 (ID)

Centrifugal Pump

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 FLUID MECHANICS LGB 21403

ANSWER SCHEME

1. a. Pshaft = Pfluid / ηpump = mgH = (50*9.81*55)/0.78 =34.6 kW

b. Pshaft = T ω => Shaft torque, T = Pshaft/ω = 34600/(πN/30) = 34600*30/(π*1470)=225 Nm

c. Pinput = Pshaft /ηmotor = 34600/0.88 = 39318 W

Cost of electricity = 39.318 kW * 8 h * 10.5 cents = RM 33.00

2. a. Volumetric efficiency ηv

Theoretical discharge Qactual = 0.08 L/rev * 1440 rev/min * min/60 s = 1.92 L/s

Difference in discharge = 1.92 – 1.75 = 0.17 L = 8.85%

Volumetric efficiency = 100% - 8.85% = 91.15%

b. Input Power, Pinput

Fluid power, Pf = pQ = 4 x 106 x 1.75 x 10-3 = 7000 W

Input power Pinput = Pf / ηpump = 7000/0.82 = 8.54 kW

c. Mechanical efficiency, ηm

ηm = ηpump / ηh x ηv
= 0.82 / (0.95 x 0.9115)
= 0.947 = 94.7%

3. a. Volumetric flow rate,Q

Volumetric displacement for one revolution of gears;

Q = [ (π/4)(0.0452) – (π/4)(0.0252) ] x 0.03 = 3.2991 x 10-5 m3 = 33 x 10-3 L

Without leakage losses, Q = 33 x 10-3 L /rev x 1250 rev/min x min/60 s = 0.688 L/s

Because ηv = 95%, the actual flow rate = 0.688 x 0.95 = 0.653 L/s

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 FLUID MECHANICS LGB 21403

b. Fluid Power, Pf

the fluid power is in term of pressure head; P f = pQ = 1.2 x 106 x 0.653 x 10-3 = 783.75 W

c. Shaft Power, Pshaft

Overall efficiency, ηo = Pf / Pshaft

Pshaft = 783.75/0.76 = 1031.25 W = 1.03 kW.

4. a. Pressure head, hp

hp = poutlet - pinlet /ρg = 740 kPa – (- 30 kPa) / (1.04 x 10 3)(9.81) = 75.5 m

b. Velocity head, hv

Outlet velocity, voutlet = Q/Aoutlet = 4.5 x 10-3/ (π/4)(0.0322) = 5.595 m/s

Inlet velocity, vinlet = Q/Ainlet = 4.5 x 10-3/ (π/4)(0.052) = 2.292 m/s

hv = voutlet2 – vinlet2 / 2g = 5.5952 – 2.2922/ 19.62 = 1.33 m

c. Potential head, z

z = houtlet - hinlet = 450 mm – 0 mm = 450 mm = 0.45 m

d. Total head, H

H = hp + hv + z = 75.5 m + 1.33 m + 0.45 m = 77.3 m

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