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Basic Design Foam System
Basic Design Foam System
Basic Design
Foam System
3-5 September 2018
Reference
NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and
High-Expansion Foam
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Air;
Contained within foam bubbles
Water;
Delivered at a specified density in gpm/sq.ft of applied area
Foam concentrate;
injected into the water stream at specific percentage.
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Foam Making
Foam concentrate mixed with water in proportioner and it
creates foam solution.
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Type of Foam
Protein Foam
Concentrate consisting primarily of products from a protein hydrolysate,
plus stabilizing additives and inhibitors to protect against freezing, to
prevent corrosion of equipment and containers, to resist bacterial
decomposition, to control viscosity, and to otherwise ensure readiness for
use under emergency conditions.
Fluoroprotein Foam
A concentrate very similar to protein-foam concentrate but with a synthetic
fluorinated surfactant additive to produce a fluid aqueous film for
suppressing hydrocarbon fuel vapors.
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Type of Foam
Alcohol-Resistant Foam Concentrate
Used for the protection of alcohol based flammable liquid fires or a
concentrate used for fighting fires on water-soluble materials and other
fuels destructive to regular, AFFF, or FFFP foams, as well as for fires
involving hydrocarbons.
Foam Proportioner
In order to delivered a foam with the proper expansion
ration and mixed in proper proportions, a foam concentrate
must be mixed with water by a foam proportioner.
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Also called inline-proportioner, takes the advantage the law physics to perform
itsfunction. A negative pressure is created on the orifice. By precisely sizing and
metering the orifice, the proper amount of concentrate is drawn into the stream
in proportion to the rate of water flow past the orifice. Venture proportioner are
manufacture to mix foam at specific ratios, either 1 %, 3 % or 6%
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Foam System
Low Expansion foam system
◦ its role of coating, separates the fuel from the flame, blocks
the admission of air to the combustion process effectively
smothering the fire, and cools the surface of the fuel.
Foam System
Medium and High Expansion foam system
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Foam System
Supplementary protection
◦ For some type of hazard, the primary system of foam shall required
provision for supplemental mean of protection and usually applicated
with fixed hose stream system.
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5. Determine
supplementary hose
line foam quantity
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The foam system is applied below the surface of the liquid and
the foam injected will floats to the surface.
The foam supply pipe for the injection system may be either
tapped into the existing process line at the bottom of the tank or
tapped directly to the tank.
1. Calculate fuel surface area. The fuel surface area is the circular area of
exposed fuel at the upper level of the tank.
A = (3.1416) x (r)²
where A = fuel surface area
r = tank radius
2. Determine application rate and discharge time. Figure 3-8 lists
application rates and a range of discharge times that vary with respect to
the nature of the fuel for subsurface injection This application rate is
distributed over the surface area calculated in step 1 for the duration
specified.
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Because the diameter is 100 ft and the flash point less than
100°F, two(2) subsurface nozzle needed
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N = number of hose
50 gpm = each foam stream shall have a solution application rate
of at least 189 L/min (50 gpm), with the minimum
number of hose streams (nfpa 5.9.2.3)
= 2 × 50 = 100 𝑔𝑝𝑚
𝑄 = 2 × 50 × 𝑇𝑠 × %
= 2 × 50 × 30 × 0.03
= 90 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 3% 𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
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D total = 𝐷 + 𝐷𝑠
= 786 + 100
= 886 gpm
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2𝐿 + 2𝑊
𝑁 =
30
A = (L) X (W)
= (150 feet) X (100 feet)
= 15,000 sq. ft.
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300 + 200
=
30
= 𝟏𝟕 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔
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Thank you
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