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5.
pages.
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way in the Detailed Answer Sheet. You must write the relevant Question Number on each of these
Marks will be awarded on the basis of what you write on both the Summary Answer Sheet and the
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Detailed Answer Sheet. Simple short answers and plots may be directly entered in the Summary
Answer Sheet. Marks may be deducted for absence of detailed work in questions involving loner
calculations. Strike out any rough work that you do not want to be evaluated.
6. Adequate space has been provided in the answersheet for you to write/calculate your answers. In case
you need extra space to write, you may request for additional blank sheets from the invigilator. Write
your roll number on the extra sheets and get them attached to your answersheet and indicate number
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1 5
Table of Constants
Speed of light in vacuum c 3.00 × 108 m·s−1 2 7
Planck’s constant h 6.63 × 10−34 J·s
Universal constant of Gravitation G 6.67 × 10−11 N·m2 ·kg
−2 3 11
Magnitude of electron charge e 1.60 × 10−19 C
Mass of electron me 9.11 × 10−31 kg 4 14
Value of 1/4π0 9.00 × 109 N·m2 ·C−2
Universal Gas Constant R 8.31 J· K−1 ·mole−1 5 15
6 23
Total 75
1. A massive star of mass M is in uniform circular orbit around a supermassive black hole of mass
Mb . Initially, the radius and angular frequency of the orbit are R and ω respectively. According
to Einstein’s theory of general relativity the space around the two objects is distorted and gravi-
tational waves are radiated. Energy is lost through this radiation and as a result the orbit of the
star shrinks gradually. One may assume, however, that the orbit remains circular throughout and
Newtonian mechanics holds.
(a) The power radiated through gravitational wave by this star is given by [1]
LG = Kcx Gy M 2 R4 ω 6
where c is the speed of light, G is the universal gravitational constant, and K is a dimensionless
constant. Obtain x and y by dimensional analysis.
Solution: x = −5, y = 1
(b) Obtain the total mechanical energy (E) of the star in terms of M , Mb , and R. [1]
−GMb M
Solution: E =
2R
(c) Derive an expression for the rate of decrease in the orbital period (dT /dt) in terms of the [3]
masses, period T and constants.
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4π 2 R3
T2 =
GMb
Using previous part
(GMb 2π)2/3 M
E=−
2T 2/3
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Solution: !2 3/2
1 +
ω02 x
g
ρ=
ω02 /g
(b) Calculate the value of ρ at the lowest point of the Hg surface, that is (0,0), when ω0 = 78 rpm [1]
(revolutions per minute).
Solution:
g
ρx=0 = = 14.7 cm ≈ 15 cm
ω02
(c) Consider a point object at (0,y0 ) as shown in the figure. Obtain an expression for the image [3]
position yi in terms of given quantities. State conditions on y0 for the formation of real and
virtual images.
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yi y0
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gy0
yi =
g − 2ω02 y0
For real images y0 > g/2ω02 . For virtual images y0 < g/2ω02 .
A different sign convention can also be used provided it is consistent with the conditions
of real and virtual images.
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3. Two identical blocks A and B each of mass M are placed on a long inclined plane (angle of
inclination = θ) with A higher up than B. The coefficients of friction between the plane and the
blocks A and B are respectively µA and µB with tan θ > µB > µA . The two blocks are initially
held fixed at a distance d apart. At t = 0 the two blocks are released from rest.
(a) At what time t1 will the two blocks collide? [2]
s
2d
Solution: t1 =
(µB − µA )g cos θ
(b) Consider each collision to be elastic. At what time t2 and t3 will the blocks collide a second [4]
and third time respectively?
(c) Draw a schematic velocity-time diagram for the two blocks from t = 0 till t = t3 . Draw below [5]
them on a single diagram and use solid line ( ) to depict block A and dashed line ( )
to depict block B.
INPhO 2017 Page 3 Questions & Summary Answers
Solution:
velocity
A
B
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B D
A
V0 2V0 V
(a) Find the temperatures at A,C, and D in terms of T0 and pressures at A and D in terms of [4]
P0 .
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T0 T0 P0 P0
Solution: TA = γ−1
; TC = 2T0 ; TD = γ−2 ; PA = γ ; PD = γ−1
2 2 2 2
(b) Find total heat absorbed (∆Q) by the system, the total work done (∆W ) and efficiency (η) [31/2]
of the Otto cycle in terms of γ and related quantities.
Solution:
1
∆Q = cv (TC − TB ) + cv (TA − TD ) = cv T0 1 −
2γ−1
∆W = ∆Q
QBC 1
η =1− = 1 − γ−1
QAD 2
∆Q = cv T0 is also accepted provided η is correctly obtained.
(c) Draw below corresponding P -T and T -S(entropy) diagrams for the cycle. [61/2]
Solution:
INPhO 2017 Page 4 Questions & Summary Answers Roll Number:
P T C
C
D
B B
D A
A
T S
cv ln 2
7 B⊗
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L
L L
x x x
(a) (b) (c)
The rod is given an initial angular speed Ω such that it slides with its two ends always in contact
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with the two wires (see Fig. (b)), and just comes to rest in an aligned position with the other wire
(see Fig. (c)). Determine Ω. Neglect the self-inductance of the system.
Solution:
y
B⊗
φ L x
An intermediate position of the rod is shown in figure. The coordinates of the centre of mass
of the rod are given by
L
xcm = cos φ (1)
2
L
ycm = sin φ (2)
2
Thus the kinetic energy T of the rod at any instant is
2 2
T
1 2 + 1 I φ̇2 = mL ω
= mvcm (3)
cm
2 2 6
INPhO 2017 Page 5 Questions & Summary Answers
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prism of angle A placed in air as shown. A
i
Let D be the angular deviation (not nec- dispersed light
essarily a minimum) suffered by an emer- white light
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gent ray of a particular wavelength.
(a) Obtain an expression for sin(D + A − i) in terms of the refractive index n and trigonometric [3]
functions of i and A only.
sin i
Solution: sin(D + A − i) = n sin A − sin−1
n
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(b) Let A = 60.00◦ and i = 45.62◦ . Obtain the refractive index (nλ ) for a ray of wavelength λ [2]
which has suffered deviation D = 49.58◦ .
Solution: nλ = 1.615
(c) A detailed microscopic theory yields the relation between the refractive index, n, of the [10]
material of the prism and the angular frequency ω = 2πc/λ of the incident light as
n2 − 1 N e2 1
= 2
n2 + 2 30 me ω0 − ω 2
Here N is the electron density and ω0 = 2πc/λ0 the natural frequency of oscillation of the
electron of the material. The other symbols have their usual meaning. The table below lists
the refractive indices at six wavelengths.
(d) Calculate the values of N , ω0 from the graph you plotted. Which part of the electromagnetic [4]
spectrum does λ0 belong to?
Solution: From the drawn graph, N = 1.01 × 1029 m−3 ; ω0 = 1.78 × 1016 Hz. λ0 belongs
to the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Accepted values:
9.90 × 1028 ≤ N ≤ 1.10 × 1029 m−3 and 1.68 × 1016 ≤ ω0 ≤ 1.88 × 1016 Hz.
(e) An X-ray of energy 1.000 keV is incident on the prism. If we write n = 1 + δ then obtain the [3]
numerical value of δ for this ray.
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(f) For the X-ray of the previous part let ic be the critical angle and θc = 90 − ic be the [1]
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Solution: θc = 0.68◦