Vents and Venting PDF

VENTS and VENTING
Chapter 9
NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
1999
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: VENTS REQUIRED
Section 901: Vents Required

• Each plumbing fixture trap,
except as otherwise provided
in this Code, shall be protected
against siphonage and back-
pressure. Air circulation shall
be assured throughout all
parts of the excreta drainage
system by means of vent pipes
installed in accordance with
the requirements of this
Chapter and as required in this
Code.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: VENTS REQUIRED

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: VENTS NOT REQUIRED
Sections 902 & 908: Vents Not 902.2 & 908.2 Traps serving sinks
Required which are part of the
902.1 & 908.1 Where permitted equipment of bars, soda
by the Administrative fountains and counters need
Authority, vent piping may be not be vented when the
omitted on an interceptor location and construction of
when such interceptor acts as such bars, soda fountains and
a primary settling tank and counters is to make it
discharges through a impossible to do so. When
horizontal indirect waste pipe such conditions exist, said sink
into a secondary interceptor. shall discharge by means of
The second interceptor shall
be properly tapped and approved indirect waste pipe
vented. into a floor sink or other
approved type receptor.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: MATERIALS
Section 903 MATERIALS
903.1 VENT PIPES 903.1.2 HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL 903.2 VENT FITTINGS
VENT LINES & VENT PIPES
CAST IRON, DUCTILE CAST IRON, COPPER CAST IRON
GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON
GALVANIZED STEEL CAST IRON GALVANIZED MALLEABLE IRON or
GALVANIZED STEEL
LEAD GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON LEAD
COPPER POLYVINYL CHLORIDE COPPER
BRASS BRASS
Schedule 40 ABS, DWV ABS
Series 1000 PVC, DWV PVC
No galvanized malleable iron or galvanized steel pipes and fittings shall be buried
underground but shall be kept at least 152 mm above finish ground level.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: SIZE OF VENTS
Section 904 & 910 SIZE OF VENTS

Section 904.1 The size of vent piping shall be determined from its length and the total
number of fixture units connected thereto, as set forth in Table 7-5 of this Code. In
addition, the drainage piping of each building and each connections to a public sewer or
a private sewage disposal system shall be vented by means of one or more vent pipes,
the aggregate cross-sectional area of which shall not be less than that of the largest
required building sewer, as determined from Table 7-5, page 88.
Exception: when connected to a common building sewer, the drainage piping of 2 or

more buildings located on the same lot and under one ownership may be vented by
means of piping sized in accordance with Table 7-5 provided the aggregate cross-
sectional area of all the vents is not less than that of the largest required common
building sewer.
From Table 7-5
Size of Vent Piping 51 76 102 152 203
Maximum Fixture Unit 24 DFU 84 DFU 256 DFU 1380 DFU 3600 DFU
Maximum Length 37 m 65 m 91 m 155 m 228 m

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: SIZE OF VENTS
904.2 The length of horizontal

portion of a vent may exceed 1/3 of
the total length of vertical and
horizontal portions as limited by
Table 7-5 provided the vent is
increased to one pipe size larger for
its entire length.
Section 910.2 No more than 1/3 of

the total permitted length, per Table
7-5 of any minimum sized vent shall
be installed in a horizontal position.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: VENT PIPE GRADES and CONNECTIONS
905. 1 All horizontal vent and SLOPE
branch vent pipes shall be free

from drops or sags and each
such vent shall be graded and
connected to drip back by
gravity to the drainage pipe it
serves.
905.2 Where vents connect to a

horizontal drainage pipe, such
vent pipe connection shall have
its invert taken off above the
drainage centerline of such pipe
downstream of the trap being
served.
Vent after the trap

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Waste Pipes Grading

"Every drainage pipe that has a size of 3" or less, and every fixture drain shall have a
downward slope in the direction of flow of at least 1:50."
There are two main methods which can be used for grading pipes:
9-inch level
A straight piece of wood 12 inches long with a 1/4 inch strip of wood attached to one
end can be used to set the 9-inch level on. A correct level reading will indicate that
the waist pipe or drain has grade of 1:50 (1/4 inch to one foot).

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Adjustable Grade Level It can be also suggested to use surveyor's

This type of level is especially level to grade waste pipes and drains.
designed for grading waste
pipes. It has an adjustable
level which can be moved to
the required grade and then
locked in place.
Calculations on Grading Waste Pipes and Drains

For 3" waste pipes
and drains
grade = 1/4
( Imperial
Measurement
Units)
or
grade = 1/50
CHAPTER (Metric System)
Vents and Venting: VENT PIPE GRADES and CONNECTIONS
905.3 Unless prohibited by structural

conditions, each vent shall rise
vertically to a point not less than 152
mm above the highest flood level rim
of the fixtures served before offsetting
horizontally to join the vent stack or
stack vent and the bottom connection
shall be installed with approved
drainage fittings and installed with
proper grade to the horizontal drain.
Flood Level Rim
152 mm
(minimum)
Looped Vent or Island Vent

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: VENT STACK
Vent Stack
Purpose:
to maintain atmospheric pressure throughout the length
of the soil and waste stacks, provide a convenient
connection point for individual, branch and stack vents.
Definition:
"Vent Stack means a vent pipe that is connected at its
upper end to a header or is terminated in an open air and
that is used to limit pressure differential in a soil or waste
stack."
Section 907.1 Each soil or waste stack which extends 10

or more stories above the building drain shall be served
by a parallel vent stack which will extend undiminished
in size from its upper terminal at the roof and connect to
the soil or waste stack at ground level.

CHAPTER
Installation:
Vent Stack must be installed in conjunction with the soil or waste stack
•in any building of 2 or more storeys except residential ,
•in residential buildings of 4 storeys and more, where back vents, relief vents or
circuit vents (vent piping in general) are installed.

CHAPTER
Connection (lower end):

In residential buildings of 4 and more
storeys, other buildings of 2 and more
storeys:
"...at or below the lowest horizontal
sanitary drainage pipe connected to the
waste or soil stack“:
"...to the building drain immediately

downstream of the stack connection":

CHAPTER
A vent stack is not required to be installed in

conjunction with the soil or waste stack in a
residential building of 3 storeys or less.
in residential buildings of 3 and less storeys:
fixtures individual vents can be the beginning
of the vent stack
On this pictures Vent Stack is not installed in

conjunction with the soil or waste stack
CHAPTER
Termination ( connection of the upper end):

The upper end of every vent pipe that is not terminated in open air shall be
connected to a venting system that is terminated in open air:

CHAPTER
Connection ( vent pipes to the vent stack ):
"The upper end of every vent pipe shall be above the flood level rim of the highest
fixture it serves before connecting to another vent pipe.“
"No vent pipe shall be so arranged that it will serve as a bypass in the event of an
obstruction in the drainage pipe."

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Branch Vent Sizing

No branch vent and its connecting branch
shall be smaller in diameter than the diameter
calculated in accordance with Table 7-5.
For the purpose of Table 7-5, the length of a
vent stack or vent shall be its developed
length of vent piping from the vent stack or
stack vent where the header terminates to
the most distant vent or stack connected to it.
Developed Length
For the purpose of Table 7-5, the length of a
vent stack or stack vent shall be its developed
length from its lower end where it connects to
the drainage piping to its upper end where it
connects to a header or goes directly to open
air.
A vent stack shall at each point of
interconnection with a branch vent be not
smaller than the minimum size permitted
by Table 7-5.
CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Fixtures can be connected to a vent stack:
if
The terminal of a vent
total hydraulic does not exceed 8 fixture units,
pipe shall be located
at least 1 fixture is connected to the vertical portion of the vent stack and upstream
of any other fixture,
no other fixtures is connected downstream of a water closet,
all fixtures are located at the lowest storey served by the vent stack.
(a) at least 900 mm above, or 3.5 m in any

other direction from air inlet, openable
window or door,
(a) at least 900 mm above, or 3.5 m in any

other direction from air inlet, openable
window or door,
Visualization of how it might be if to connect

modified stack venting to the vent stack:
CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: VENT TERMINATION
Section 906 VENT TERMINATION

VERTICAL SURFACE
300 mm
(minimum)
906.1 Each vent pipe or stack through roof
(SVTR) shall extend its flashing all around and
150 mm the stack vent shall terminate vertically not less
(minimum) than 15 cm above the roof nor less than 0.3
meter from any vertical surface nearby.
905. 4 … the vent through roof (VSTR) shall be

increased 1 pipe size above the reconnection
point of stack vent and horizontal vent.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: TERMINATION
3000 mm
900 mm
300 mm
300 mm 150 mm
900 mm
150 mm
This are Minimum Distances

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
2100 mm
(minimum)

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: INDIVIDUAL VENT
Every waste pipe shall be installed and back Back vent may be connected to the
vented at the same time. vertical leg of a water closet or other
S-trap fixture.
An individual vent as a vent installed to protect
one fixture trap.
There are two types of individual vent:
back vent
continuous waste and vent
Back vent must be connected above the

horizontal center line of the fixture drain
(nominally horizontal soil or waste pipe ); The continuous waste and vent must
be installed above the hydraulic
gradient of the fixture:
CHAPTER
•
Vents and Venting: INDIVIDUAL VENT
Except as provided , where a vent pipe vents

one or more fixture traps, the pipe size of the
vent pipe shall be in accordance with
Sizing individual vents:
Vent, in. Trap, in.
•1 1/4 •1 1/4, 1 1/2
•1 1/2 •2, 2 1/2, 3, 4
•2 •5, 6
When the vent pipe of a given diameter

reaches its maximum permitted length,
the vent pipe must be increased in diameter
to the next largest pipe size.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: DUAL VENT
Dual Vent Fittings for installation dual vent

Dual venting is a type of Restrictions
group venting where one
vent protects two fixture accepted only if vertical run is of 3"
traps. size or larger and horizontal branches
are of 1 1/4", 1 1/2" or 2" size.
Double Sanitary T or Short Turn Double TY
No restrictions
Double Combination Y and 1/8 Bend or

Double Long Turn TY
Dual vented fixtures
must connect to vertical
drainage piping. No restrictions
Double Y and 1/8 Bend

CHAPTER
"the maximum length of a fixture outlet pipe of any fixture is 900 mm".
There is no minimum length requirements for a fixture outlet pipe. This means that
two different fixtures may be dual vented and connect at the same level with a
double Y and two 450 elbows.

CHAPTER
Drain Pipe Sizing:

The size of the vertical drainage piping serving
a dual vent is determined by the size of outlet
pipes of the dual vented fixtures and the total
fixture unit load.
Vent Pipe Sizing:

A dual vent is sized as a branch vent
according to Section 910.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: WET VENT
Wet Vent Installation Requirements:

Wet vent means a waste All the fixtures must be
pipe that also serves as located at the same floor.
a vent pipe. Wet vent must connect to
the horizontal waste pipe
There are two types of
of P-trapped wet vented
fixtures in a wet vent
fixture
installation:
wet venting fixture
and wet vented fixture.
wet vent must be installed
450 mm minimum or 1500
mm maximum
downstream from weir
of a P-trapped wet
vented fixture.

CHAPTER
Wet vent must be located within At least one of the wet venting fixtures must
1500 mm of the elbow serving a be drained through a continuous waste and
water closet or any floor vent
mounted siphonic fixture
If two wet
venting fixtures
connect to the wet
vent at the same
level, the wet
venting fixtures must
be dual vented.
CHAPTER
If two wet venting fixtures

Wet vent is not required to be connected above
connect to the wet vent not at
the horizontal center line of the soil or waste pipe.
the same level, they must be
separately vented with one of
the fixtures drained through a
continuous waste and vent.
wet vent may connect to either vertical or

horizontal waste pipe of a wet vented siphonic
trap.

CHAPTER
Sizing Wet Vent:

The minimum size of a wet
vent is determined by the size
of the wet venting fixture trap
Trap, in min Wet Vent,

in
1 1/4, 1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
3, 4, 6 2

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: CIRCUIT VENT
Circuit Vent
Circuit vent means a vent pipe
that functions for two or more
traps connecting to a
horizontal branch where the
lowest end of the vent pipe
connects to the waste pipe on
the downstream side of the
highest fixture of the group
and the upper end connects to
branch vent, vent stack, stack
vent or extends to open air
independently and "circuit
vented" has a corresponding
meaning.
A circuit vented horizontal branch connected to a sanitary building drain

CHAPTER
Requirements for a Circuit Vent

A horizontal branch off a stack
or off a sanitary building drain
may be circuit vented where:
• the circuit vented branch is of
a size 3" or larger,
• the minimum number of
circuit vented fixtures is less
than 7 per vent and in any
A circuit vent may protect up to six fixtures
group of 6 or less circuit vented
installed on a circuit vented horizontal branch.
fixtures all but the last of the
The circuit vent must connect downstream of the
group are downstream of the
last fixture in the circuit vented group. If seven to
point where the circuit vent
twelve fixtures are to be circuit vented, two vents
connects to the branch.
are required. If thirteen to eighteen, three vents,
• the circuit vented fixture is
and so on.
sanitary unit, floor drain, hub
drain, shower drain or trap A sanitary unit is: water closet, urinal, bidet,
standard slop sink, bedpan washer.
• all fixtures connected to the
circuit vent are on the same DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU
floor level. CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
No soil or waste stack No circuit vented trap has a horizontal run of

connects to the circuit vented waste pipe of more than 1 500 mm:
branch:
You should note that the standard vent to trap

requirements apply.
•When installing fixture drains to a circuit vented
branch, the minimum distance between a trap and
the horizontal branch is 2 pipe diameters, and the
maximum distance is 1 500 mm.
•The maximum fall between a P-trap and the
horizontal branch is one pipe diameter, and the
minimum fall is 1:50.
•The maximum change of direction between a
fixture trap and the horizontal branch is 135o for a
P-trap fixture and 135o for a siphonic fixture
CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: CIRCUIT VENT / RELEIF VENT
In a water closet installation, Where a stack or a sanitary building drain has a

no circuit vented trap has a circuit vented branch connected to it and
horizontal run of waste pipe the stack or sanitary building drain carries
of more than 1 500 mm nor a more than eight fixture units of drainage
vertical run of more than 900 upstream of the connection:
mm:
the circuit vented branch shall be relief vented.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Where a stack or a sanitary building drain has a

circuit vented branch connected to it and
has connected to a sanitary drainage pipe
larger than 2” size: Where a stack or a sanitary building drain has a
circuit vented branch connected to it and
receives drainage from a higher floor level:
the circuit
the circuit
vented branch
vented branch
shall be relief
shall be relief
vented.
vented.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
A relief vent required by Where circuit vented fixture traps are connected
sentence (2) may be a wet to 2 or more horizontal branches that connect to
vent if it is of 2" size and the same horizontal branch, the horizontal
greater and not more than branches may have a combined relief vent
one fixture having a
maximum of 1 1/2 fixture
units is drained into it

CHAPTER
Fixtures that have a hydraulic

load totaling not more than 1 1/2
fixture units may be connected to
a vertical section of a of a circuit
vent provided
• the fixtures are located in the
same storey as the fixtures
served by the vent pipes,
• not more than 2 fixtures are
connected to the vent pipe:
and where 2 fixtures are
connected to the vent pipe, the
connection is done with
a double fitting

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: STACK VENT
Stack Vent Installation Requirements

Stack vent is an The stack must be a soil stack of minimum 3" size that
arrangement of group extends as a stack vent that means no discharge from
venting when fixture any other fixture located on any other higher storey.
traps are vented
through the soil stack
which terminates into
a header or open air
and no additional
venting is required.
All stack vented fixtures must be located at the same floor.

The maximum number of stack vented fixtures is 6.
The lowest fixture in a stack vented group is a water
closet.
The maximum number of water closets in a stack vented
group is 2.
The maximum number of other fixtures connected above
the water closet is 4.
CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: STACK VENTING
Where two water closets are installed, they must be connected at the same level to
the stack.
All other fixtures must be connected directly and independently to the stack above
the center line of water closets and the uppermost fixture must be connected to
the vertical portion of the stack.

CHAPTER
Where there is only one water closet in a stack vented group, it may connect to the
vertical stack or horizontal continuation of the stack and remaining fixtures
upstream of the water closet must be connected directly and independently to the
stack and the uppermost fixture must be connected to the vertical portion of the
stack.
The total number of fixture units connected above the water closet is 8.
Maximum size of a fixture drain connected above the water closet is 2".
No siphonic trap connected above the water closet is permitted.

CHAPTER
Additional Requirements The upper end of every soil or waste stack shall
The developed length of a terminate in a stack vent and the stack vent
fixture drain measured from shall terminate in open air outside the building
the trap weir to the stack is 2 or connect directly or through a header to
pipe diameters minimum or another stack vent, a vent stack that does
1500 mm maximum. terminate in open air outside the building.
at the same floor
at the floor as a result of alteration

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: MODIFIED STACK VENTING
Modified Stack Venting

Modified stack venting
means a stack venting
arrangement where the
stack vent above the
connection of the highest
stack vented fixture is
reduced in diameter.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: MODIFIED STACK VENT
Connection of the Modified Stack Vent

The stack vent in a modified stack vented group terminates in a vent stack above the
flood level rim of the highest fixture connected to the soil stack.
The connection may be done with a TY or a Y and 1/8 bend.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: YOKE VENT
Yoke Vent Installation:

"Yoke vent means a vent pipe For each section of
that is connected at its lower At or immediately
five storeys or part
end to a soil or waste stack and thereof counted above each offset or
its upper end to a vent stack or from top down: double offset:
a branch vent that is connected
to a vent stack." 1.0 METER
ABOVE THE
FLOOR LEVEL
Its purpose is to maintain )MINIMUM)
atmospheric pressure in the
YOKE
soil, waste and vent stacks. VENT
Yoke vent is required in

buildings 10 storeys and higher.
Buildings can be of any type:
office, institutional, hospitals,
apartments.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: YOKE VENT
Connection :
"Yoke vent shall be connected to the soil or waste stack by means of a drainage
fitting at or immediately below the lowest soil or waste pipe from the lowest storey
.
Connection at the lowest soil Connection immediately below the

or waste pipe lowest soil or waste pipe
CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Termination: Fixtures may be connected

The upper end of a yoke to the yoke vent vertical section:
vent must connect to a vent if
stack at least 1000 mm • they have hydraulic load totaling not more than
above the lowest or fifth 1 1/2 fixture units,
floor of the section. • not more than 2 fixtures are connected to the
vent pipe,
Sizing:
• connection is done with a double fitting.
2" min

CHAPTER
Piping: INSTALLATION
Section 608 INSTALLATION, INSPECTION , AND

TESTING
Section 608.2.1 The bottom of the water pipe 300 mm
(minimum)
at all points, shall be at least 0.3 meter above
the top of the sewer or drain line.
Section 603.2.2 The water pipe shall be
placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side
of the common trench with a minimum clear
horizontal distance between the sides of at
least 0.3 m from the side of sewer or drain
300 mm
line and the water line (minimum)
300 mm (minimum)

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting: AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE (STUDOR SYSTEM)
Air admittance valves offer a substitute for You can use air admittance valves for:
running vent pipes to the outside of •trap vents
buildings. These valves open automatically •group vents
to let fresh air into the sanitary system if •stack vents
there is a decrease in air pressure within •branch drains.
the system. The valves close automatically, These are not suitable for upstream
to avoid the discharge of foul air, whenever venting of a main drain (unless there are
the pressure in the system is equal to or two upstream vents, in which case one
greater than the external pressure. may be an air admittance valve). They
should be installed in the same location
and using the same method as the vent
they are replacing.

CHAPTER
Vents and Venting
Conventional Looped Vent

Studor System

CHAPTER
End of Presentation

CHAPTER

Vents and Venting PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vents and Venting PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VENTS and VENTING

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Section 901: Vents Required

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Section 903 MATERIALS

COPPER POLYVINYL CHLORIDE COPPER

Schedule 40 ABS, DWV ABS

Series 1000 PVC, DWV PVC

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Section 904 & 910 SIZE OF VENTS

Exception: when connected to a common building sewer, the drainage piping of 2 or

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

904.2 The length of horizontal

Section 910.2 No more than 1/3 of

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

905. 1 All horizontal vent and SLOPE

branch vent pipes shall be free

905.2 Where vents connect to a

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Waste Pipes Grading

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Adjustable Grade Level It can be also suggested to use surveyor's

Calculations on Grading Waste Pipes and Drains

905.3 Unless prohibited by structural

Looped Vent or Island Vent

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Section 907.1 Each soil or waste stack which extends 10

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Connection (lower end):

"...to the building drain immediately

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

A vent stack is not required to be installed in

On this pictures Vent Stack is not installed in

Termination ( connection of the upper end):

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Branch Vent Sizing

(a) at least 900 mm above, or 3.5 m in any

(a) at least 900 mm above, or 3.5 m in any

Visualization of how it might be if to connect

Section 906 VENT TERMINATION

905. 4 … the vent through roof (VSTR) shall be

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

This are Minimum Distances

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

There are two types of individual vent:

Back vent must be connected above the

Vents and Venting: INDIVIDUAL VENT

Except as provided , where a vent pipe vents

When the vent pipe of a given diameter

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Dual Vent Fittings for installation dual vent

Double Sanitary T or Short Turn Double TY

Double Combination Y and 1/8 Bend or

Double Y and 1/8 Bend

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU

Drain Pipe Sizing:

Vent Pipe Sizing:

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP - CEBU