Plumbing Fundamentals

MODULE 5

PLUMBING FIXTURES
AND ACCESSORIES

DANILO
DANIL O V. RAVINA,
RAVINA , NAMPAP - 1
DANILO
DANIL O V. RAVINA,
RAVINA , NAMPAP - 2
DANILO
DANIL O V. RAVINA,
RAVINA , NAMPAP - 2
What are Plumbing Fixtures?
 Plumbing Fixtures are approved-type
installed receptacles, devices or appliances
supplied with water or liquid-borne wastes & 
discharge such wastes into the drainage
system to which they may be directly or
indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial 
tanks, vats & similar processing equipment are
equipment are
not plumbing fixtures , but may be
connected
connected to or discharge into approved traps
or plumbing fixtures as approved for ini n this
Code. (Sec. 217.10 NPC 1999)

DANILO
DANIL O V. RAVINA,
RAVINA , NAMPAP - 3
What are the common types of 
Plumbing Fixtures?
 Plumbing Fixtures, put in simpler term, are
receptacles or receivers attached to the
plumbing system other than a trap in which
water or waste may be collected or retained for
ultimate discharge into the plumbing treatment
facility and point of discharge. Their common
types are:
1. Water Closet 2. Lavatory
3. Bathtub /Shower 4. Kitchen Sink
5. Bidet 6. Urinal

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 4

What is a Water Closet & What
are its Types?
 Water Closet is a plumbing
fixture used to receive human
excrement & to discharge it
through a waste pipe, using
water as a conveying medium.
 Water Closets are classified
according to:
1. Design
2. Make
3. Flushing Mechanism Used
4. Shape
5. Installation

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 5

What are the types of water closet as
to Design? 1. Siphon Washdown 2. Siphon Jet
3. Siphon Vortex 4. Reverse Trap

1. Siphon Washdown 2. Siphon Jet

The jet being submerged,

It is the least expensive but the
introduces water underwater so
noisiest; Only small amount of 
that its operation is entirely
standing water, susceptible to
muffled. It has a large amount
fouling, staining & 
of standing water to prevent
contamination
fouling
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 6
3. Siphon Vortex Reverse Trap

This type of bowl develops its
flushing action through the
water entering the diagonal
holes around the rim which
creates a swirling action which
forms a vortex in the center.
The trap way located at the rear
eliminated the bulge at the front.
The design of the bowl plus its
large water area & quietness in
operation, makes it desirable
than the siphon washdown.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 7

What are the type of water
closets as to Make?
1. One-Piece 2. Close Coupled 3. Pail Flush 4. Squat bowl

One-Piece Water Closet:

 The water closet fixture

is manufactured with
the bowl & the flush
tank molded into a
single unit
From HCG
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 8
Close Coupled Water Closet:

From HCG
 A water closet wherein the
flush tank is separate but is
attached to the toilet bowl.
It is a two-piece model.
From Mariwasa ToTo
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 9
Pail Flush Water Closet:

 A water closet comprising only of a

bowl without a flush tank. Flushing
action is obtained only through water
poured from a pail or bucket. This is
used in areas where running water
system is not available.

From Royal Tern

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 10

 Squat Bowl Water Closet:

 A water closet
that is other
wise known as
 “eastern type” 
water closet
since the user
assumes a
squatting
position rather
than a sitting
position.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 11

What are the types of water closets as
to Flushing Mechanism Used?
1. Flush Tank 2. Flush Valve

Flush Tank- Holds a supply of water for

flushing the water closet. It flushes 3 to 6
liters.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 12

Flush Valve:
 Flush Valve is a
valve designed to
supply a fixed
quantity of water for
flushing purposes.
It is activated by
direct water
pressure without the
use of a flush tank.
It requires a flow
pressure of 69 to
138 kPa (10 to 20
psi)

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 13

What are the types of water closets as
to Shape?
1. Round Front 2. Elongated Front

Round Front Elongated Front is

WC is intended more comfortable
for installation but occupies a
on a limited larger space.
space. Water closet bowls
for public use shall
be the elongated
type.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 14

What are the types of water closet as to
installation?
1. Free Standing or Floor Mounted
2. Wall Hung or Wall Mounted

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 15

What are the Minimum Clearances & 
Roughing-ins for Water Closets?
Clearances are
minimum distances
of fixtures for
human safety and
comfort.

Roughing-in is the
installation of all
piping & fitting parts
of the plumbing
system, which can
be completed prior
to the installation of 
fixtures and
accessories.
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 16
What is a Lavatory? What are its
types?

 A Lavatory is a fixture designed for the

washing of the hands or face. It is also known
as a Wash Basin.
 The 4 types of Lavatory are:
1. Wall Hung Lavatory
2. Pedestal Lavatory
3. Counter Type Lavatory
a. Overcounter or Counter top
b. Undercounter 
4. One-piece Lavatory
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 17
Wall Hung Lavatory: Pedestal Lavatory:

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 18

Counter Type Lavatory:
Overcounter Lavatory Undercounter Lavatory

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 19

One-piece Lavatory:

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 20

What are the Minimum Clearances & 
Roughing-ins for Lavatories?

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 21

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 22
What is a Bathtub?
 A Bathtub is a tub for
bathing, usually a fixed
plumbing installation
designed for 1 person. It is
available in left outlet and
right outlet

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 23

What is a Shower Bath?
A Shower Bath is an apparatus for
spraying water on the body, usually from
above. Drain is through the shower bath
floor drain.

Shower Pan

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 24

What is a Kitchen Sink?
A Kitchen Sink is a
plumbing fixture
consisting of a basin
with a water supply,
connected with a drain
& used for dishwashing

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 25

What is a Bidet?
A Bidet is a plumbing fixture used for
washing the middle part of the body,
especially the genitals. It is also
known as Sitz Bath.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 26

Bidet is used in tandem with the one-piece
water closet or in integrated with the close
coupled water closet:

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 27

What is a Urinal? What are the types
of Urinal?

 A Urinal is a plumbing fixture equipped

with a water supply and drain for
flushing away urine.
 The types of Urinals are:
1. Wall Hung Urinal
2. Pedestal Urinal
3. Stall Urinal
4. Trough Urinal

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 28

Wall Hung Urinal:

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 29

Stall Urinal

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 30

Urinal Types, Clearances and Roughing-ins:

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 31

What are other types of Plumbing
Fixtures?
Slop Sink – A deep sink, set low & 
used by janitors for emptying pails
of dirty water & mop cleaning.

Laundry Tub A deep wide sink

–

used for washing clothes.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 32

Scrub Sink: Drinking Fountain:

A Scrub Sink is a
plumbing fixture
usually located in the
O.R. in a hospital to
enable personnel to
scrub their hands
prior to a surgical
procedure. The Hot
& Cold water supply
is activated by a A Drinking Fountain is a
knee – action mixing plumbing fixture consisting
valve or by wrist or of a shallow basin, together
pedal control or by with a water jet, designed
automatic sensors. to provide potable water for
human consumption.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 33

What is a Plumbing Unit?
 Plumbing Unit is a minimum standard
quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharges
waste into a plumbing installation, including:
-1 Water Meter* -1 Kitchen Sink
-1 Water Closet -1 Laundry Tray
-1 Lavatory -3 Floor Drains
-1 Shower Head & -4 Faucets or
Drain for a Bathtub Hose Bibb
or Shower Stall

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 34

What are Plumbing Accessories?

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 35

 What is a Plumbing Appliance?

 Plumbing Appliance is
any one of a special class
of device or equipment
intended to perform a
special plumbing function.
Its operation and/or
control may be dependent
upon one or more
energized components
such as motors, controls,
heating elements and
pressure – temperature –
sensing elements.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 36

 What is a Plumbing
Appurtenance?
 Plumbing Appurtenance is a
manufactured devise or a
prefabricated assembly or on-
the-job assembly of component
parts, and serves as adjunct to
the basic piping system & 
plumbing fixtures. It demands
no additional water supply nor
does it add any discharge load
to a fixture or the drainage
system. It performs some
useful functions in the
operation, maintenance,
servicing, economy or safety of 
the plumbing system.

DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP - 37