Professional Documents
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FUNDAMENTALS OF PLUMBING
DANILO V. RAVINA 1
What are Plumbing Fixtures?
This type of bowl develops its The trap way located at the rear
flushing action through the eliminated the bulge at the front.
water entering the diagonal The design of the bowl plus its
holes around the rim which large water area & quietness in
creates a swirling action which operation, makes it desirable
forms a vortex in the center. than the siphon washdown.
From HCG
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP -
7
CEBU
Close Coupled Water Closet:
From HCG
• A water closet wherein the flush tank
is separate but is attached to the
toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model.
From Mariwasa ToTo
Clearances are
minimum distances
of fixtures for
human safety and
comfort.
Roughing-in is the
installation of all
piping & fitting parts
of the plumbing
system, which can
be completed prior
to the installation of
fixtures and
accessories.
Shower Pan
A Kitchen Sink is
a plumbing fixture
consisting of a
basin with a water
supply, connected
with a drain & used
for dishwashing.
WASHLET
A Scrub Sink is a
plumbing fixture
usually located in the
O.R. in a hospital to
enable personnel to
scrub their hands
prior to a surgical
procedure. The Hot
& Cold water supply
is activated by a A Drinking Fountain is a
knee – action mixing plumbing fixture consisting
valve or by wrist or of a shallow basin, together
pedal control or by with a water jet, designed
automatic sensors. to provide potable water for
human consumption.
DANILO V. RAVINA 34
What are Plumbing Accessories?
• Plumbing Appurtenance is a
manufactured devise or a prefabricated
assembly or on-the-job assembly of
component parts, and serves as adjunct
to the basic piping system & plumbing
fixtures. It demands no additional water
supply nor does it add any discharge
load to a fixture or the drainage system.
It performs some useful functions in the
operation, maintenance, servicing,
economy or safety of the plumbing
system.
DANILO V. RAVINA 38
WATER CLOSET
Section 401
Water closet bowls for public use 750 mm 762 mm
shall be the elongated bowl types 375 mm
1524 mm
457 mm
457 mm
219.9
ROUGHING-IN - the installation of 600 mm 600 mm
381 mm
all pipings and fitting parts of the 300 mm
plumbing system, which can be
completed prior to the installation
of fixtures and accessories. These
include sanitary and storm
drainage, tap, hot and chilled 457 mm
water supplies, gas pipings, vent
pipings and the necessary fixture
supports.
CLEARANCE DIMENSIONS
DANILO V. RAVINA 39
300 mm
750 MM
375 MM
457 MM
206 mm
150 mm
300 mm
206 mm
ROUGHING-IN FOR WATER CLOSET
DANILO V. RAVINA 40
WATER CLOSET ROUGHING-IN
DANILO V. RAVINA 41
DANILO V. RAVINA 42
ANATOMY OF A WATERCLOSET
DANILO V. RAVINA 43
DANILO V. RAVINA 44
FLOOR DRAINS SHOWER RECEPTORS
409.1 409.2
Floor drains shall be considered Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures.
plumbing fixtures.
409.3
Each shower receptor shall be an approved type and be
constructed to have a finish dam, curb or threshold which is
at least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor at the sides
and back of such receptor. In no case shall any dam or
threshold be less than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm in
depth when measured from the top of the dam or threshold
to the drain. The finished floor of the receptor shall slope
uniformly from the sides towards the drain not less than 2%
or 20mm/m or more than 4% or 40mm/m. Thresholds shall
be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum 559mm
wide door.
DANILO V. RAVINA 45
SHOWER / BATH TUB
DANILO V. RAVINA 46
PLUMBING ACCESSORIES
DANILO V. RAVINA 47
TOILET FOR THE DISABLED
DANILO V. RAVINA 48
SHOWER FOR THE DISABLED
DANILO V. RAVINA 49
TOILET / POWDER ROOM PLAN
207.8
FIXTURE UNIT is an arbitrary quantity in terms of
which the load-producing effects or water
requirements on the plumbing system of different
kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some
arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is
equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per
minute (1 cubic feet per minute) or (7.5 gpm).
(Single)
NOTE: For more details,
refer to Table 7-2 of the
NPC. Page 80
(Private installation )
DANILO V. RAVINA 53
*MAXIMUM FIXTURE UNIT LOADING AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF
EXCRETA DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPING
*THESE
FIGURES ARE
FOUND IN
TABLE 7-5 OF
THE NPC ON
PAGE 88.
NOTES:
1. Excluding trap arm
2. Except sinks, urinals and dishwashers.
3. Except 6 fixture unit traps or water closets.
4. Only four (4) water closet or 6 fixture unit traps are allowed on any vertical pipe or stack, and not
to exceed three (3) water closets or six (6) fixture unit traps on any horizontal branch or drain.
5. Based on 2% or 20.9 mm/m slope. For one (1) percent or 10.4mm/m slope, multiply horizontal
fixture units by a factor of 0.80.
DANILO V. RAVINA 54
WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU)
EQUIVALENT *WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU)
Number of Water Supply Fixture Units
(WSFU)
Type of Fixture Private Use Public Use
Bar Sink 1 2
1 - - 60 54.0 3.41
2 - - 70 58.0 3.66
3 - - 80 61.2 3.86
4 - - 90 64.3 4.06
5 15.0 0.95 100 67.5 4.26
6 17.4 1.10 120 73.0 4.61
7 19.8 1.25 140 77.0 4.86
8 22.2 1.40 160 81.0 5.11
9 24.6 1.55 180 85.5 5.39
10 27.0 1.70 200 90.0 5.68
12 28.6 1.80 250 101.0 6.37
DANILO V. RAVINA 58