UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR ESTIMATION OF RESERVOIR

STORAGE CAPACITY ANALYTICALLY AND TO DESIGN THE
RESERVOIR OF DARWAZGAI DAM PROJECT SPECIFICALLY FOR ITS
OPERATIONAL SYSTEM

RESERVOIR DESIGN & OPERATION

FINAL PRACTICAL PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED TO
DR. IJAZ AHMAD
ON JANUARY 25, 2021
SUBMITTED BY

USSAMA LATIF 2019-MSWRE-111

SHAHZAD YOUSAF 2019-MSWRE-103
MUHAMMAD AWAIS 2019-MSWRE-113
MAQBOOL AHMAD 2019-MSWRE-116

Page 1 of 19
Contents
Title & Abstract...........................................................................................................................................2
Methodology...............................................................................................................................................4
a - Area Elevation Capacity Curve..........................................................................................................6
b - Capacity of Reservoir by Ripple Mass Curve.....................................................................................8
Spillway Design Discharge by Flood Routing in HEC-HMS....................................................................11
Reservoir Operation...................................................................................................................................13
Results.......................................................................................................................................................16
Conclusions & Recommendations.............................................................................................................18
References.................................................................................................................................................19

Page 2 of 19
Title:
HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR ESTIMATION OF RESERVOIR STORAGE CAPACITY
ANALYTICALLY AND TO DESIGN THE RESERVOIR OF DARWAZGAI DAM PROJECT
SPECIFICALLY FOR ITS OPERATIONAL SYSTEM

Abstract
People are facing the water scarcity all over the world and the issues of water are increasing at very fast
rate. We are also facing the crises of water because the water demand is increasing day by day. Dams
are constructed to fulfil the various demands of water such as irrigation, drinking, electricity, flood
control, storage of water and to improve the water quality. Small dams are also play very important role
for irrigation purpose and it has a good impact on the socio-economic condition of the area.
Darwazgai Dam site is located on Darwazgai River between latitude 33° 50' 08” North and longitude 72°
12' 54.6” East. The dam is earth and rock fill type. The reservoir filling is mainly due to rainfall in its
upstream catchment and snow melting. The project area is located in the Noshera district of KPK. The
dam is about 50 km from Noshera on Darwazgai river. The total catchment area of darwazgai dam project
is 2463807.7438 sq.m. Topography of the proposed dam site is mostly hilly. Climate of the area has wide
variation in temperature with average temperature of 21 Cᵒ, minimum temperature is 6 Cᵒ and maximum
temperature is 36 Cᵒ. Water availability at dam site is observed with previous rainfall data of 45 years
(1970-2015). No flow data at dam site is available so regression equation is used to convert rainfall into
runoff for flood estimation.

Average annual inflow to dam site from catchment area is worked out to be 383.1 AF. The reservoir
Gross storage capacity at darwazgai dam site is found to be 406.4 AF with dead storage of 85.94 AF.
Rainfall distribution is used in HEC-HMS software to find the spillway design discharge. Different
analytical methods are used to find the reservoir storage capacity.

(Gogoase Nistoran et al., 2017) in this paper the capacity area elevation curve is produced by using the
bathymetric charts of a reservoir from depth sounding surveys it showed the difference 14% in
storage capacity and 8% in the area.
(Askar, 2013) in the work of Askar he find the soil conservation curve number by using the remote
sensing method in runoff calculation and the CN curve number of the desired area is 80 and The
depth of annual runoff is 311.14 mm.
(Zhao et al., 2016) in this study the reservoir is managed by the army crops engineers they observe
the coefficients (R2) 0.85 and Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency 0.75 and suggest the sun monthly
simulations.
(Aboutalebi, Bozorg Haddad and Loáiciga, 2015) in this work American Society of Civil Engineers.A
novel tool is find the two rules to make the better monthly operation of hydropower generation the first
rules is to make correction which is caused by support vector regression (SVR) and the second rule is the
variable should be helpful for the regression model, they use these rules at Karoon-4 reservoir in Iran and
get 90% accurate results.

(Alrayess, Zeybekoglu and Ulke, 2017) in this work the reservoir is design to maintain the variable flow
from river and as well as the volume of water by using critical period method at Sami Soydam Sandalcık
Dam for this purpose he observed the monthly and annually mean flow data.

Page 3 of 19
(Hassan et al., 2017) in this study he use the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) to reduce
the scarcity of water due to anthropogenic water demand by using scenario analysis approach in WEAP
which is beneficial to resolve the scarcity of water.

(Nagesh Kumar, Baliarsingh and Srinivasa Raju, 2010) in this work the Hirakud Reservoir in Mahanadi
basin is under study which located in india he develop the flood policy by different combination of the
flow the most critical combination was 57 thousand cumecs as inflow and 14 thousand cumecs for d/s.

(Khadka and Bhaukajee, 2018) the main purpose of this study is to develop the Hydrologic Engineering
Centre’s Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s River
Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models fo the river basin of Nepal and Sweden to controle the floods.

Methodology
For the selected site of darwazgai dam the hydrological and hydraulics conditions have been observed
with previous hydrological data at a dam site. Stream flow data at dam site is not available, however
rainfall data of 45 years (1970- 2015) is available at the upper catchment of reservoir site. Climatological
data comprising Max, Mini, Temperature, precipitation and evaporation is shown in Figure 01.

10.0 35

9.0
30
Precipitation/Evaporation (inches)

8.0

7.0 25

Temperature (C°)
6.0
20
5.0
15
4.0

3.0 10
2.0
5
1.0

0.0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Precipitation Evaporation Max Temp Min Temp

Figure 01
Topographic survey with contour interval of 1 m is carried out to develop area elevation capacity curve.
Catchment area of the dam site worked out using GT sheets of survey of Pakistan, by taking into
consideration of maximum stream/Nullah out falling in main stream which finally discharges into
reservoir of darwazgai dam. Catchment boundary is marked and total catchment area of darwazgai dam is

Page 4 of 19
worked out to be 2463807.7438 sq.m. The crest of dam is fixed at latitude 33° 50' 08” North and
longitude 72° 12' 54.6” East. Contour map of topographic survey is digitized to AutoCAD file as shown
in figure 02. From the survey sheet of marked catchment, the time of concentration of remotest rain drop
to reach at outlet is calculated by taking into consideration slope of area using formula.

Figure 02
After calculating the catchment area of dam site, historical 45 years of rainfall data is used to calculate the
annual runoff at dam site. Following regression equation is used to convert rainfall into runoff,

R = 0.309 x P

Where

P = Monthly Rainfall in inches

R = Surface Runoff in inches

The annual monthly rainfall is converted into runoff by using above formula, the monthly runoff data in
cm is then converted into AF. Summation of all month’s data of one year will give annual runoff in AF.

Page 5 of 19
Finally taking average of 45 years of annual runoff provided mean annual runoff of that catchment, which
is the required water availability of darwazgai catchment for one year.
Keeping in view of water availability at catchment area of darwazgai dam project, the storage capacity
required to store available water from catchment at reservoir site is to be calculated efficiently. Different
methods have been adopted to calculate the storage capacity of proposed reservoir.

a - Area Elevation Capacity Curve

The contour map developed from topographic survey is used in AutoCAD for carrying out the required
storage capacity of reservoir. From the AutoCAD files first of all close all contours with dam site. After
closing of all close contours, worked out area of each close contour using AutoCAD properties options,
the multiplying all areas of successive contours with contour interval of 5 m will give the volume between
each contours. By adding all the volumes of successive contours total gross storage capacity available at
dam site is worked out. Similarly, the elevation in reservoir against all areas is also calculated to for area
elevation and capacity elevation curve as shown in Figure 03.
Table 01

Datum= 955 Area Elevation Capacity Curve

Ele Elevation
(datum) (ft) Area (Ft2) Area (Acres) capacity (AF) Acc. Capacity
955 0 0 0 0.00 0.00
960 5 1567 0.04 0.09 0.09
965 10 20878 0.48 1.29 1.38
970 15 41805 0.96 3.60 4.98
975 20 70348 1.61 6.44 11.41
980 25 111215 2.55 10.42 21.83
985 30 162804 3.74 15.73 37.56
990 35 210937 4.84 21.45 59.01
995 40 258285 5.93 26.93 85.94
1000 45 318529 7.31 33.10 119.04
1005 50 382469 8.78 40.23 159.27
1010 55 443477 10.18 47.40 206.68
1015 60 537036 12.33 56.27 262.95
1020 65 628148 14.42 66.87 329.82
1025 70 706052 16.21 76.57 406.40
1030 75 790543 18.15 85.89 492.29
1035 80 874086 20.07 95.54 587.83
1040 85 989154 22.71 106.94 694.76
1045 90 1101880 25.30 120.01 814.77
1050 95 1222584 28.07 133.41 948.18
1055 100 1346974 30.92 147.47 1095.65
1060 105 1487698 34.15 162.69 1258.34

Page 6 of 19
 Area-Elevation-Capacity-Curve
Area
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
1080
1060
1040
1020
Elevation (Ft)

1000
980
960
940
920
900
0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1000.00 1200.00 1400.00

Capacity (AF)

Figure 03
From the area elevation capacity curve, it is evident that sufficient storage at darwazgai dam site is
available, but gross storage is selected as per availability of annual inflow at catchment area of dam. So
the optimal gross storage at dam site is 406.4 AF. The dead storage is worked out to be 85.94 AF. The
dead storage of reservoir is calculated by considering 50 years useful life of reservoir with inflow
sediments producing the unit drainage area of catchment area. The Haro river drainage area of 300 sq.
miles is producing sediments of 3.09 acre-feet/sq.miles. So the dead storage is worked out to be 85.94
AF.

Page 7 of 19
 Figure 04

b - Capacity of Reservoir by Ripple Mass Curve

Reservoir capacity of Darwazgai dam is also calculated by using Ripple Mass Curve against demands
from the reservoir. The annual water availability from reservoir catchment is converted into cumulative
inflow and a graph is drawn on normal paper against given demand as shown in Figure 02,

Table 02

Cumulative Inflow
Sr.No. Year Annual Inflow
(AF)
1 1970 259 259
2 1971 294 554
3 1972 352 905
4 1973 517 1422
5 1974 319 1741
6 1975 418 2159
7 1976 305 2464
8 1977 279 2743
9 1978 661 3404
10 1979 322 3727
11 1980 303 4030
12 1981 339 4369

Page 8 of 19
13 1982 388 4757
14 1983 511 5268
15 1984 423 5691
16 1985 276 5967
17 1986 351 6318
18 1987 255 6573
19 1988 330 6902
20 1989 210 7112
21 1990 435 7547
22 1991 351 7898
23 1992 467 8366
24 1993 341 8707
25 1994 426 9133
26 1995 438 9571
27 1996 369 9940
28 1997 271 10211
29 1998 526 10737
30 1999 415 11152
31 2000 447 11598
32 2001 118 11716
33 2002 186 11902
34 2003 466 12368
35 2004 233 12601
36 2005 427 13028
37 2006 366 13394
38 2007 534 13929
39 2008 393 14322
40 2009 341 14663
41 2010 577 15240
42 2011 336 15576
43 2012 330 15905
44 2013 487 16392
45 2014 436 16829
46 2015 793 17622
  Mean Annual 383 AF

Page 9 of 19
 Figure 05
Table 03

Demand AF
APR 3
MAY 1
JUN 38
JUL 11
AUG 33
SEP 53
OCT 34
NOV 34
DEC 52
JAN 42
FEB 14
MAR 1
Σ 314

The annual agricultural demand from Darwazgai reservoir is 314 AF. From the graph of figure 03 it is
observed that maximum departure occurred in year 2001 when inflows towards the reservoir is minimum
of 118 AF whereas the demand is 314 AF. To fulfil the required demand a storage of 442 AF is required
in year 2001.The slope of demand line is 314, so a tangent line of demand is drawn at the highest point on
inflow curve. The maximum departure corresponding to years 2001 is the required storage capacity of
reservoir.

Page 10 of 19
Spillway Design Discharge by Flood Routing in HEC-HMS

For the design of spillway of Darwazgai dam project rainfall data is used to carry out frequency analysis
against return periods of 25 y,200 y,500 y and 1000 y.

Table 04

Rainfall Distribution for Different Return Periods

Time Storm
hrs (% age) 25-yr 200-yr 500-yr 1000-yr
7.400 10.090 11.470 12.520
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.17 0.06 0.47 0.64 0.73 0.80
0.33 0.13 0.95 1.29 1.47 1.60
0.50 0.19 1.42 1.93 2.20 2.40
0.67 0.26 1.89 2.58 2.93 3.20
0.83 0.32 2.36 3.22 3.66 4.00
1.00 0.38 2.84 3.87 4.40 4.80
1.17 0.40 2.98 4.07 4.63 5.05
1.33 0.42 3.13 4.27 4.86 5.30
1.50 0.44 3.28 4.47 5.09 5.55
1.67 0.46 3.43 4.68 5.32 5.80
1.83 0.48 3.58 4.88 5.55 6.05
2.00 0.50 3.73 5.08 5.78 6.31
2.17 0.51 3.79 5.17 5.87 6.41
2.33 0.52 3.85 5.25 5.97 6.51
2.50 0.53 3.91 5.33 6.06 6.62
2.67 0.54 3.97 5.42 6.16 6.72
2.83 0.55 4.04 5.50 6.25 6.83
3.00 0.55 4.10 5.59 6.35 6.93
3.17 0.56 4.17 5.69 6.47 7.06
3.33 0.57 4.25 5.80 6.59 7.19
3.50 0.58 4.33 5.90 6.71 7.32
3.67 0.60 4.40 6.01 6.83 7.45
3.83 0.61 4.48 6.11 6.95 7.58
4.00 0.62 4.56 6.21 7.06 7.71
4.17 0.63 4.63 6.32 7.18 7.84
4.33 0.64 4.71 6.42 7.30 7.97
4.50 0.65 4.79 6.53 7.42 8.10
4.67 0.66 4.87 6.63 7.54 8.23
4.83 0.67 4.94 6.74 7.66 8.36
5.00 0.68 5.02 6.84 7.78 8.49
5.17 0.69 5.10 6.95 7.90 8.62
5.33 0.70 5.17 7.05 8.02 8.75
5.50 0.71 5.25 7.16 8.14 8.88
5.67 0.72 5.33 7.26 8.26 9.01
5.83 0.73 5.40 7.37 8.37 9.14

Page 11 of 19
 6.00 0.74 5.48 7.47 8.49 9.27
6.17 0.74 5.50 7.50 8.53 9.31
6.33 0.75 5.53 7.54 8.57 9.35
6.50 0.75 5.55 7.57 8.61 9.39
6.67 0.75 5.58 7.60 8.64 9.43
6.83 0.76 5.60 7.64 8.68 9.47
7.00 0.76 5.62 7.67 8.72 9.52

These values of rainfall distributions against different return periods are then used in HEC-HMS software
to perform flood routing purposes. In HEC-HMS software first trail is done for rainfall distribution of
return period of 25-year, inflow hydrograph is generated and by using this rainfall distribution as time
series, spillway structure is modeled as ungated ogee spillway, after performing analysis corresponding
outflow hydrograph is generated. The same process is repeated with return periods of 200 y,500 y and
1000 years. The results of flood routing from HEC-HMS are obtained as inflow-outflow hydrographs of
corresponding return periods, will provide the design discharge and head over the crest for spillway
design. The graphs of flood routing for return periods of 25 y,200 y,500 y and 1000 y from HEC-HMS
are shown in figure 06.

Darwazgai Inflow-Outflow Hydrographs

8000

7000

6000

5000
Discharge (ft³/s)

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
00 :20 :40 :00 :20 :40 :00 :20 :40 :00 :20 :40 :00 :20 :40 :00 :20 :40 :00 :20 :40 :00
0: 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7

Time (Hours)
1000 Y 1000 Y 500 Y 500 Y 200 Y 200 Y 25 Y 25 Y

Figure 06

Page 12 of 19
Reservoir Operation

Reservoir Rule Curve

1200
Reservoir Rule Curves for Darwasdai Dam

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
,7 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 ,7 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3
- 10 21 11 r 01 r 21 r 11 01 21 11 l 01 l 21 11 01 21 t 11 01 21 11 -10 21 11 r 01 r 21 r 11 01 21
1 n b y y n g p p v v c 1 n b y y
n Ja Fe Ma Ma Ap Ma Ma Ju Ju Ju Au Se Se Oc No No De an Ja Fe Ma Ma Ap Ma Ma
Ja J

Inflow Vs Time Volume Vs Time Spill Vs Time Precipitation Vs Time

Figure 07

For carrying out the reservoir operation as the reservoir s completed in all respect, the reservoir rule curve
is drawn for different reservoir operation parameters. Reservoir rule curve is drawn for Inflow-Time,
Volume-Time, Spill-Time and Precipitation Time as shown in Figure 07.

Page 13 of 19
 LS 321.05
Maximum Conservation Level = 1025 Vo 407.48
Minimum Conservation Level =
995 DS 86.43
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Time I P V1 RV D R S %S V2 Va El A PE Pv V3 Spill V4 El
Jan 1-
10,71
9.8 0 407.48 330.85 42 42 0 0 375.28 391.4 1024 15.9 3.08 0.0 372.2 0.0 372.2 1022.7

Jan 11-20 9.8 0 375.3 298.7 42 42 0 0 343.08 359.2 1022 15.1 2.94 0.0 340.1 0.0 340.1 1020.6
Jan 21-31 9.7 4.57 343.1 266.4 42 42 0 0 310.78 326.9 1020 14.3 2.79 65.4 373.4 0.0 373.4 1022.8
Feb 01-10 7.8 6.03 310.8 232.2 14 14 0 0 304.58 307.7 1018 13.7 2.67 82.7 384.6 0.0 384.6 1023.5
Feb 11-20 7.8 0 304.6 226.0 14 14 0 0 298.38 301.5 1018 13.5 2.63 0.0 295.7 0.0 295.7 1017.4
Feb 21-28 6.7 16.76 298.4 218.7 14 14 0 0 291.08 294.7 1017 13.3 2.59 223.1 511.6 104.1 407.5 1025.0
Mar 01-10 7.8 2.22 291.1 212.5 1 1 0 0 297.88 294.5 1017 13.3 4.27 29.5 323.1 0.0 323.1 1019.4
Mar 11-20 4.5 0.2 297.9 216.0 1 1 0 0 301.38 299.6 1018 13.5 4.32 2.7 299.8 0.0 299.8 1017.7
Mar 21-31 5.2 1.71 301.4 220.2 1 1 0 0 305.58 303.5 1018 13.6 4.36 23.2 324.5 0.0 324.5 1019.5
Apr 01-10 5.6 0 305.6 224.8 3 3 0 0 308.18 306.9 1018 13.7 5.04 0.0 303.1 0.0 303.1 1017.9
Apr 11-20 7.1 17.21 308.2 228.9 3 3 0 0 312.28 310.2 1018 13.8 5.08 237.5 544.6 137.2 407.5 1025.0
Apr 21-30 18.4 28.96 312.3 244.3 4 4 0 0 326.68 319.5 1019 14.1 5.19 408.0 729.5 322.0 407.5 1025.0
May 01-10 6.9 0 326.7 247.2 5 5 0 0 328.58 327.6 1020 14.3 6.68 0.0 321.9 0.0 321.9 1019.3
May 11-20 8.6 14.16 328.6 250.8 6 6 0 0 331.18 329.9 1020 14.4 6.71 204.1 528.6 121.1 407.5 1025.0
May 21-31 9.5 25.02 331.2 254.3 7 7 0 0 333.68 332.4 1020 14.5 6.74 362.3 689.2 281.7 407.5 1025.0
Jun 01-10 14.5 0 333.7 261.8 8 8 0 0 340.18 336.9 1020 14.6 10.65 0.0 329.5 0.0 329.5 1019.9
Jun 11-20 14.2 8.76 340.2 268.0 9 9 0 0 345.38 342.8 1021 14.7 10.75 129.0 463.6 56.1 407.5 1025.0
Jun 21-30 5.8 14.67 345.4 264.8 10 10 0 0 341.18 343.3 1021 14.7 10.76 216.1 546.5 139.1 407.5 1025.0
Jul 01-10 24.6 23.56 341.2 279.4 11 11 0 0 354.78 348.0 1021 14.8 8.75 349.7 695.7 288.2 407.5 1025.0
Jul 11-20 15.7 46.74 354.8 284.1 12 12 0 0 358.48 356.6 1022 15.0 8.87 703.1 1052.7 645.3 407.5 1025.0
Jul 21-31 52.4 70.36 358.5 324.5 13 13 0 0 397.88 378.2 1023 15.5 9.17 1093.8 1482.5 1075.0 407.5 1025.0
Aug 01-10 43.4 36.64 397.9 354.9 14 14 0 0 407.48 402.7 1025 16.1 7.22 590.5 990.7 583.3 407.5 1025.0
Aug 11-20 24.5 0 407.5 345.6 15 15 0 0 407.48 407.5 1025 16.2 7.27 0.0 400.2 0.0 400.2 1024.5
Aug 21-31 21.2 0 407.5 342.3 16 16 0 0 407.48 407.5 1025 16.2 7.27 0.0 400.2 0.0 400.2 1024.5

Page 14 of 19
Sep 01-10 13.7 0 407.5 334.8 17 17 0 0 404.18 405.8 1025 16.2 6.58 0.0 397.6 0.0 397.6 1024.4
Sep 11-20 8.1 0 404.2 325.9 18 18 0 0 394.28 399.2 1024 16.0 6.52 0.0 387.8 0.0 387.8 1023.7
Sep 21-30 3.2 0 394.3 311.1 19 19 0 0 378.48 386.4 1024 15.7 6.40 0.0 372.1 0.0 372.1 1022.7
Oct 01-10 5 0 378.5 297.1 20 20 0 0 363.48 371.0 1023 15.4 5.13 0.0 358.4 0.0 358.4 1021.8
Oct 11-20 7 0 363.5 284.1 21 21 0 0 349.48 356.5 1022 15.0 5.01 0.0 344.5 0.0 344.5 1020.9
Oct 21-31 5.7 0 349.5 268.8 22 22 0 0 333.18 341.3 1021 14.7 4.90 0.0 328.3 0.0 328.3 1019.8
Nov 01-10 6.4 0 333.2 253.2 23 23 0 0 316.58 324.9 1020 14.3 2.36 0.0 314.2 0.0 314.2 1018.8
Nov 11-20 6.6 0 316.6 236.8 24 24 0 0 299.18 307.9 1018 13.7 2.27 0.0 296.9 0.0 296.9 1017.5
Nov 21-30 7.7 0 299.2 220.5 25 25 0 0 281.88 290.5 1017 13.2 2.18 0.0 279.7 0.0 279.7 1016.2
Dec 01-10 11.1 0 281.9 206.6 26 26 0 0 266.98 274.4 1016 12.7 1.58 0.0 265.4 0.0 265.4 1015.1
Dec 11-20 11.5 0 267.0 192.1 27 27 0 0 251.48 259.2 1015 12.2 1.52 0.0 250.0 0.0 250.0 1013.8
Dec 21-31 13 2.16 251.5 178.1 28 28 0 0 236.48 244.0 1013 11.6 1.44 25.0 260.1 0.0 260.1 1014.7
Jan 1-
10,72
6 0 236.5 156.1 29 29 0 0 213.48 225.0 1012 10.9 2.11 0.0 211.4 0.0 211.4 1010.3

Jan 11-20 6.7 3.11 213.5 133.8 30 30 0 0 190.18 201.8 1009 10.0 1.95 31.2 219.4 0.0 219.4 1011.1
Jan 21-31 9 32.89 190.2 112.8 31 31 0 0 168.18 179.2 1007 9.4 1.82 308.2 474.5 67.1 407.5 1025.0
Feb 01-10 7.2 0 168.2 89.0 32 32 0 0 143.38 155.8 1004 8.7 1.78 0.0 141.6 0.0 141.6 1002.7
Feb 11-20 8.1 15.37 143.4 65.1 33 33 0 0 118.48 130.9 1001 7.7 1.59 119.0 235.9 0.0 235.9 1012.5
Feb 21-28 6.6 0 118.5 38.7 34 34 0 0 91.08 104.8 998 6.7 1.38 0.0 89.7 0.0 89.7 995.5
Mar 01-10 7.9 9.33 91.1 12.6 35 0 35 0.35 98.98 95.0 996 6.3 2.02 58.8 155.8 0.0 155.8 1004.5
Mar 11-20 15.3 18.03 99.0 27.9 36 0 36 0.36 114.28 106.6 998 6.8 2.18 122.4 234.5 0.0 234.5 1012.4
Mar 21-31 25 16.45 114.3 52.9 37 37 0 0 102.28 108.3 998 6.9 2.20 112.8 212.9 0.0 212.9 1010.5
Apr 01-10 27.1 12.76 102.3 43.0 38 38 0 0 91.38 96.8 997 6.4 2.35 81.4 170.4 0.0 170.4 1006.1
Apr 11-20 26.4 8.83 91.4 31.4 39 0 39 0.39 117.78 104.6 998 6.7 2.47 59.2 174.5 0.0 174.5 1006.5
Apr 21-30 58.2 26.92 117.8 89.6 40 40 0 0 135.98 126.9 1001 7.6 2.80 204.5 337.7 0.0 337.7 1020.4
May 01-10 97.7 23.37 136.0 147.3 41 41 0 0 192.68 164.3 1005 8.9 4.16 208.8 397.3 0.0 397.3 1024.3
May 11-20 38.7 1.93 192.7 145.0 42 42 0 0 189.38 191.0 1008 9.7 4.52 18.8 203.6 0.0 203.6 1009.6
May 21-31 31.3 0 189.4 134.3 43 43 0 0 177.68 183.5 1007 9.5 4.42 0.0 173.3 0.0 173.3 1006.4

Page 15 of 19
Results
The elevation levels of the reservoir are vary with respect to climate change the maximum elevations
are 1024 and 1025 in the month of January August respectively the minimum elevation levels are 996
and 997 for the month of March and April respectively the graphical representation is shown below in
the rule curve
1200
Reservoir Rule Curves for Darwasdai Dam

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
,7 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 ,7 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3
- 10 21 11 r 01 r 21 r 11 01 21 11 l 01 l 21 11 01 21 t 11 01 21 11 -10 21 11 r 01 r 21 r 11 01 21
1 n b y y n g p p v v c 1 n b y y
n Ja Fe Ma Ma Ap Ma Ma Ju Ju Ju Au Se Se Oc No No De an Ja Fe Ma Ma Ap Ma Ma
Ja J

Inflow Vs Time Volume Vs Time Spill Vs Time Precipitation Vs Time

From the area elevation capacity curve, it is observed that elevation of reservoir is rising from 955 ft from
reservoir bed level to highest level of 1060 ft. Storage volume in the curve is increasing from 0.0 AF to
162.69 AF. However as per catchment annual yield the gross storage of reservoir is fixed at elevation of
1025 ft corresponding to storage volume of 406.40 AF with surface area of 706052 ft².Dead storage of
85.94 AF, is fixed at 995 ft keeping in view of incoming sediment yield of 3.09 AF/sq.miles, from
catchment area.
Flood routing results are obtained from HEC -HMS software against different return periods of rainfall
distributions. Inflow outflow hydrographs are drawn to determine the maximum head over spillway crest
for maximum outflow hydrograph for return period of 1000 years, which is inflow of 6909.8 ft³/s and
outflow discharge of 4639 ft³/s. The HEC-HMS results are evident that peak discharge is 6909.8 cfs,
precipitation volume is 1340.4 AF, loss volume is 275.6 AF, excess volume is 1064.8 AF and discharge
volume is 1055.7 AF.

Page 16 of 19
 Inflow -Outflow Graph of 1000 Y
8000
7000
6000
5000

Outflow Ft³/S
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
00 20 40 00 20 40 00 20 40 00 20 40 00 20 40 00 20 40 00 20 40 00
0: 0: 0: 1: 1: 1: 2: 2: 2: 3: 3: 3: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5: 6: 6: 6: 7:

Time (Hours)

Table 05

1000 Y 500 Y 25 Y 200 Y

Tim Outflo Tim Tim Outflo Tim
Inflow Inflow Outflow Inflow Inflow Outflow
e w e e w e
0:00 0 0 0:00 0 0 0:00 0 0 0:00 0 0
0:10 281.6 4.6 0:10 201.5 2.8 0:10 14.8 0.1 0:10 115.6 1.2
0:20 1811.6 110.4 0:20 1504.1 79.6 0:20 489.9 11.4 0:20 1110.4 47.2
0:30 3906.4 666.6 0:30 3364.8 514.3 0:30 1422.7 113.2 0:30 2653.7 339.6
0:40 5415.4 1870.6 0:40 4746 1529.1 0:40 2308.4 434.3 0:40 3906.4 1084.7
0:50 6347.2 3305.5 0:50 5625 2768 0:50 2960.2 997 0:50 4724.8 2114.9
1:00 6909.8 4639 1:00 6202.2 3978.6 1:00 3441.8 1684.5 1:00 5257.3 3151.1
1:10 5366.8 5233.1 1:10 4852.5 4613 1:10 2734.4 2142.4 1:10 4128.5 3747.6
1:20 3398 4901.5 1:20 3078.6 4344.4 1:20 1751.5 2176.8 1:20 2618.6 3598.8
1:30 2718.5 4146 1:30 2467.7 3713.7 1:30 1442.5 1982.9 1:30 2100.4 3121.1
1:40 2487.7 3534.8 1:40 2261.3 3190.8 1:40 1343.3 1791.8 1:40 1960.5 2717.6
1:50 2416.1 3119.3 1:50 2198.4 2831.2 1:50 1318.3 1645.8 1:50 1913.8 2437.2
2:00 2433.5 2859.9 2:00 2184.1 2598.2 2:00 1318 1541.1 2:00 1878.8 2246.9
2:10 1911.4 2609.2 2:10 1698 2365 2:10 1032.5 1420.2 2:10 1496.2 2057.6
2:20 1293 2254.5 2:20 1185.5 2050 2:20 707.8 1246.1 2:20 1037.4 1799.7
2:30 1113.4 1903.6 2:30 1000.3 1739.8 2:30 595.5 1066.6 2:30 851.5 1529.1
2:40 1043.8 1641.9 2:40 943.8 1495.3 2:40 557.3 925.5 2:40 821.7 1305.6
2:50 1028.4 1446 2:50 918 1313.7 2:50 578.1 826.7 2:50 805.2 1154
3:00 1016.6 1309.4 3:00 917.5 1190 3:00 579.5 760.2 3:00 808.1 1049.9
3:10 1091.7 1229.2 3:10 1016.2 1122.1 3:10 588.3 714 3:10 872 988.5
3:20 1203.8 1204 3:20 1108.2 1104.1 3:20 652.4 689.9 3:20 958.3 967.4
3:30 1244.2 1210.2 3:30 1141.6 1110.3 3:30 702.3 686.7 3:30 982.5 968.2
3:40 1259.5 1223.1 3:40 1154.6 1121.7 3:40 688 688.9 3:40 999.7 974.8
3:50 1266 1235.4 3:50 1160.2 1132.5 3:50 691.4 689.1 3:50 999.4 981.9
4:00 1269.3 1245.4 4:00 1128 1136 4:00 720.3 693.4 4:00 973 983.2
4:10 1271.5 1253.2 4:10 1125.2 1133.1 4:10 698 697.4 4:10 999.9 984.1
4:20 1273.1 1259.2 4:20 1153.1 1135 4:20 698.7 697.6 4:20 1002.8 989.1
4:30 1274.7 1263.8 4:30 1163.8 1142.1 4:30 726.6 701.5 4:30 1012.3 994.4
Page 17 of 19
4:40 1276.1 1267.4 4:40 1168.6 1149.4 4:40 737.5 709.4 4:40 1009.3 999.2
4:50 1277.5 1270.4 4:50 1171.2 1155.6 4:50 708.7 712.9 4:50 1016.6 1003.2
5:00 1278.9 1272.8 5:00 1173 1160.6 5:00 706.8 711.6 5:00 1012.7 1006.5
5:10 1280.2 1274.9 5:10 1174.6 1164.6 5:10 734 713.9 5:10 1019.8 1009.4
5:20 1281.4 1276.8 5:20 1175.9 1167.9 5:20 710.4 716 5:20 1015.6 1011.8
5:30 1282.6 1278.4 5:30 1177.2 1170.5 5:30 710.3 714.5 5:30 1022.5 1013.9
5:40 1283.8 1279.9 5:40 1178.4 1172.7 5:40 738.2 717.1 5:40 1018.2 1015.8
5:50 1284.9 1281.3 5:50 1143.7 1169.2 5:50 714.5 719.5 5:50 1025.1 1017.5
6:00 1286 1282.6 6:00 1139.9 1160.8 6:00 714.5 718.2 6:00 1020.7 1019.1
6:10 961.9 1232.9 6:10 880 1115.2 6:10 535.1 694.1 6:10 742.5 979.2
6:20 592.9 1095.1 6:20 563 999.5 6:20 344.1 630.2 6:20 484.8 876.3
6:30 464.2 931.1 6:30 452.6 861.1 6:30 270.3 552.4 6:30 387.5 757.7
6:40 419.1 796.7 6:40 377.9 741.7 6:40 251.7 485.2 6:40 325.3 655
6:50 403.7 696 6:50 359.7 646.9 6:50 238.2 432 6:50 339.6 576.3
7:00 434.6 626.5 7:00 381.9 579.6 7:00 206.3 387.3 7:00 337 520.2

The results of HEC-HMS of flood routing against return periods of 25-y, 200-y, 500-y and 1000-y are
shown in Table 05.

Conclusions and Recommendations

 It is evident from reservoir design by different methods, that storage available at Darwazgai dam
site is more than the mean annual water availability from catchment area.
 Keeping in view of storage available at dam site as compared to water availability from
catchment area, the optimized design of reservoir may be done by decreasing the daily demand to
minimize the cost of project including for resettlement.
 Economical spillway may be designed for considering design discharge resulting from return
period of 1000 years, as observed from flood routing carrying out for return periods of 1000 y,
500 y, 200 y and 25 y.
 Different rules curves are drawn for considering meteorological parameters to perform the
reservoir operation for the required demands, Irrigation, power generation and
obligatory/environmental flows.
 Annual demands for different purposes are quite less than the annual catchment yield, where as to
fulfill the yearly demands from reservoir, demands would be easily met from design storage of
reservoir.

Page 18 of 19
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