An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb.

In other
words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modif
ies a verb.
I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject 2)
He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)
According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mai
nly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases
, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often li
ke prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):
We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)
Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause
.
I like to fly kites for fun.
Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:
Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.
The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the pl
atform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (
subordinate conjunction) "when".
Contents
1 Kinds of adverb clauses
2 References
3 Further reading
4 External linksKinds of adverb clauses
kind of clause common conjunctions function example
time clauses when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, e
tc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner
, etc. These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a p
eriod of time or to another event. Her goldfish died when she was young.
conditional clauses if, unless, lest These clauses are used to talk a
bout a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences. If they
lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
purpose clauses in order to, so that, in order that These clauses are used t
o indicate the purpose of an action. They had to take some of his land so tha
t they could extend the churchyard.
reason clauses because, since, as, given These clauses are used to indica
te the reason for something. I couldn't feel anger against him because I like
d him too much.
result clauses so...that These clauses are used to indicate the result of
something. My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the l
id would not stay closed.
concession clauses although, though, while These clauses are used to make t
wo statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising
. I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now.
place clauses where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that a
nswer the question "where?") These clauses are used to talk about the locatio
n or position of something. He said he was happy where he was.
Clause of Comparison as Adverb as is a clause which states comparison.
Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.
clauses of manner as, like, the way These clauses are used to talk a
bout someone's behavior or the way something is done. I was never allowed to d
o things as I wanted to do them.They also Answer the question , "How".
References
Further reading
Greenbaum, Sidney & Quirk, Randolph. A Student's Grammar of the English Language
. Hong Kong: Longman Group (FE) Ltd, 1990.
Sinclair, John (editor-in-chief). Collins Cobuild English Grammar. London and Gl
asgow: William Collins Sons & Co ltd, 1990.
External links
Adverb Clause
How to Use Adverb Clauses
Using Adverb Clauses with Time Expressions
Adverb clauses provide additional information about how something is done. They
are much like adverbs in that they tell the reader when, why or how someone did
something. All clauses contain a subject and a verb, adverb clauses are introduc
ed by subordinating conjunctions. For example,
Tom helped the student with the homework because he didn't understand the exerci
se.
... because he didn't understand the exercise explains why Tom helped and is an
adverb clause.
Begin by studying adverb clauses which are often called "time clauses" in Englis
h grammar books and follow specific patterns. Take a look at the chart below to
study the various usage of different time expressions.
Punctuation
When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate the two claus
es. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. When the adverb cla
use finishes the sentence, there is no need for a comma. Example: He gave me a c
all when he arrived in town.
Adverb Clauses with Time
When
He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.
We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.
'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc.'. Notice the different tenses u
sed in relationship to the clause beginning with when. It is important to rememb
er that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present - the dependent claus
e changes tense in relation to the 'when' clause.
Before
We will finish before he arrives.
She (had) left before I telephoned.
'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' t
akes either the simple past OR the present.
After
We will finish after he comes.
She ate after I (had) left.
'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' take
s the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events.
While, as
She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.
'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used
with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indica
tes an action in progess.
By the time
By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before anothe
r. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and fut
ure perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of
something happening up to another point in time.
Until, till
We waited until he finished his homework.
I'll wait till you finish.
'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present o
r simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken Eng
lish.
Since
I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
They have worked here since 1987.
'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'si
nce'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time.
As soon as
He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.
'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon a
s' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately
after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although
present perfect can also be used.
Whenever, every time
Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".
We take a hike every time he visits.
'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simpl
e present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' e
xpress habitual action.
The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time
The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.
The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.
The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time
'. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of ti
mes something happened.
More Adverb Clauses
Adverb Clauses with Time Expressions
Adverb Clauses to Show Opposition
Using Adverb Clauses to Express Conditions
Adverb Clauses with Expressions of Cause and Effect
These type of clauses show an unexpected or non self-evident result based on the
dependent clause. Example: He bought the car even though it was expensive. Take
a look at the chart below to study the various usages of adverb clauses showing
opposition.
Punctuation
When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clause
s. Example: Even though the it was expensive, he bought the car.. When the adver
b clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example: He bought
the car even though it was expensive.
For more information about how to use these words click on the link for an expla
nation of the usage.
Adverb Clauses Showing Opposition
Even though, though, although
Even though it was expensive, he bought the car.
Though he loves doughnuts, he has given them up for his diet.
Although he course was difficult, he passed with the highest marks.
Notice how 'though, even though' or 'although' show a situation which is contrar
y to the main clause to express opposition. Even though, though and although are
all synonyms.
Whereas, while
Whereas you have lots of time to do your homework, I have very little time indee
d.
Mary is rich, while I am poor.
'Whereas' and 'while' show clauses in direct opposition to each other. Notice th
at you should always use a comma with 'whereas' and 'while'.
More Adverb Clauses
Adverb Clauses with Time Expressions
Adverb Clauses to Show Opposition
Using Adverb Clauses to Express Conditions
Adverb Clauses with Expressions of Cause and Effect
These type of clauses are often called "if clauses" in English grammar books and
follow conditional sentence patterns. Take a look at the chart below to study t
he various usage of different time expressions.
Punctuation
When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clause
s. Example: If he comes, we will have some lunch.. When the adverb clause finish
es the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example: He would have invited me
if he had known.
More information on the correct tense usage for the conditionals
If
If we win, we'll go to Kelly's to celebrate!
She would buy a house, if she had enough money.
'If' clauses express the conditions necessary for the result. If clauses are fol
lowed by expected results based on the condition. More information on the correc
t tense usage for the conditionals
Even if
Even if she saves a lot, she won't be able to afford that house.
In contrast to sentences with 'if' sentences with 'even if' show a result that i
s unexpected based on the condition in the 'even if' clause. Example: COMPARE: I
f she studies hard, she will pass the exam AND Even if she studies hard, she won
't pass the exam.
Whether or not
They won't be able to come whether or not they have enough money.
Whether they have money or not, they won't be able to come.
'Whether or not' expresses the idea that neither one condition or another matter
s; the result will be the same. Notice the possibility of inversion (Whether the
y have money or not) with 'whether or not'.
Unless
Unless she hurries up, we won't arrive in time.
We won't go unless he arrives soon.
'Unless' expresses the idea of 'if not' Example: Unless she hurries up, we won't
arrive in time. MEANS THE SAME AS: If she doesn't hurry up, we won't arrive in
time. 'Unless' is only used in the first conditional.
In case (that), in the event (that)
In the case you need me, I'll be at Tom's.
I'll be studying upstairs in the event he calls.
'In case' and 'in the event' usually mean that you don't expect something to hap
pen, but if it does... Both are used primarily for future events.
Only if
We'll give you your bicycle only if you do well on your exams.
Only if you do well on your exams will we give you your bicycle.
'Only if' means 'only in the case that something happens - and only if'. This fo
rm basically means the same as 'if'. However, it does stress the condition for t
he result. Note that when 'only if' begins the sentence you need to invert the m
ain clause.
More Adverb Clauses
Adverb Clauses with Time Expressions
Adverb Clauses to Show Opposition
Using Adverb Clauses to Express Conditions
Adverb Clauses with Expressions of Cause and Effect
These type of clauses explain the reasons for what happens in the main clause. E
xample: He bought a new home because he got a better job.. Take a look at the ch
art below to study the various usages of different expressions of cause and effe
ct. Note that all of these expressions are synonyms of 'because'.
Punctuation
When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clause
s. Example: Because he had to work late, we had dinner after nine o'clock.. When
the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example:
We had dinner after nine o'clock because he had to work late.
For more information about how to use these words click on the link for an expla
nation of the usage.
Adverb Clauses of Cause and Effect
Because
They received a high mark on their exam because they had studied hard.
I'm studying hard because I want to pass my exam.
He works a lot of overtime because his rent is so expensive
Notice how because can be used with a variety of tenses based on the time relati
onship between the two clauses.
Since
Since he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory.
They had to leave early since their train left at 8.30.
'Since' means the same as because. 'Since' tends to be used in more informal spo
ken English. Important note: "Since" when used as a conjunction is typically use
d to refer to a period of time, while "because" implies a cause or reason.
As long as
As long as you have the time, why don't you come for dinner?
'As long as' means the same as because. 'As long as' tends to be used in more in
formal spoken English.
As
As the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep.
'As' means the same as because. 'As' tends to be used in more formal, written En
glish.
Inasamuch as
Inasmuch as the students had succesfully completed their exams, their parents re
warded their efforts by giving them a trip to Paris.
'Inasmuch as' means the same as because. 'Inasmuch as' is used in very formal, w
ritten English.
Due to the fact that
We will be staying for an extra week due to the fact that we haven not yet finis
hed.
'Due to the fact that' means the same as because. 'Due to the fact that' is gene
rally used in very formal, written English.
More Adverb Clauses
Adverb Clauses with Time Expressions
Adverb Clauses to Show Opposition
Using Adverb Clauses to Express Conditions
Adverb Clauses with Expressions of Cause and Effect
Pengertian Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata ket
erangan) dan memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau adverb yang bera
da pada independent clause dengan kapasitasnya menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, w
here, why, atau to what degree.
Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan dengan complex sentence
(kalimat kompleks), yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan satu atau le
bih dependent clause.
Adverbial clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut subordinate conjunction
(when, after, because, though, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubunga
n dengan independent clause yang diterangkan.
Macam-macam klausa ini antara lain: adverbial clause of time (waktu), place (tem
pat), cause & effect (sebab & akibat), purpose & result (tujuan & hasil), condit
ion (pengandaian), contrast/consession (pertentangan), manner (cara), dan reason
(alasan).
Contoh Adverbial Clause:
Complex Sentence Keterangan
When he cleaned the kitchen, he found a lot of expired food.
(Dia membersihkan dapur ketika dia menemukan banyak makanan kadaluarsa.)
When= subordinate conjunction;
When he cleaned the kitchen= adverbial clause;
he found a lot of expired food= independent clause
Rumus Adverbial Clause
Rumus complex sentence dan adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.
Complex Sentence:
[Subject (+be/verb)] ? Independent Clause + Adverbial Clause
Adverbial Clause:
Subordinate Conjunction + S +VPunctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh independent
clause. Sebaliknya, independent clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian d
iikuti oleh adverbial clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tan
da baca koma.
Contoh Complex Sentence:
Di awal: Because I had free time, I visited your house.
Di akhir: I visited your house because I had free time. (Saya mengunjungi rumahm
u karena saya punya waktu luang.)
Fungsi Adverbial Clause
Fungsi dan contoh klausa kata keterangan ini dalam kalimat adalah sebagai beriku
t.
Fungsi Contoh Adverbial Clause dalam Kalimat Keterangan
memberikan informasi tentang verb You were sleeping when she arrived.
(Dia tiba ketika kamu sedang tertidur.) verb= were sleeping;
subordinate conjunction= when;
adverbial clause= when she arrived
memberikan informasi tentang adjective Her face is fresh because she always doe
s exercise and eats fruits.
(Wajahnya segar karena dia selalu berolahraga dan makan buah-buahan.) adjectiv
e= fresh;
subordinate conjunction= because;
adverbial clause= because she always does exercise and eats fruits
memberikan informasi tentang adverb He drove fast in order that he could arr
ive on time.
(Dia mengemudi dengan cepat agar dia dapat tiba tepat waktu.) adverb= fast;
subordinate conjunction= in order that;
adverbial clause= in order that he could arrive on time
Sekilas Tentang Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause merupakan dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb yang b
erfungsi untuk memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau adverb lain ya
ng berada pada independent clause. Pengertian, rumus, dan fungsi dari klausa ini
dapat dilihat pada bagian pendahuluan.
Macam dan Contoh Adverbial Clause dalam Kalimat
Macam-macam Adverbial clause, conjunction yang digunakan, serta contoh kalimatny
a dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.
Tipe Adverbial Clause Conjunction Contoh Adverbial Clause dalam Kalimat
Time
(waktu) after, as, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, by the time, during,
everytime, no, once, since, then, till, until, when, whenever, while After I
changed the APN name, I unpluged my modem and waited for 5 minutes.
(Setelah saya merubah nama APN, saya mencabut modem dan menunggu selama 5 menit.
)
He was cleaning the kitchen when he found so much expired food.
(Dia sedang membersihkan dapur ketika dia menemukan begitu banyak makanan kadalu
arsa.)
While I was studying in my room, I didn t let someone else to dist
urb.
(Ketika saya sedang belajar di ruangan, saya tidak membiarkan orang lain menggan
ggu.)
Place
(tempat) anywhere, everywhere, now where, where, wherever I will v
isit a city where my old friend lives now.
(Saya akan mengunjungi kota dimana teman lama saya tinggal sekarang.)
Contrast
(pertentangan) although, as the time, but, even if, even though, on the other h
and, still, though, whereas, while, yet Although many friends confronted her amb
ition, Yulia went forward such a tank.
(Meskipun banyak teman menentang ambisinya, Yulia maju terus seperti tank)
Though I m annoyed, I try to think positively.
(Meskipun saya jengkel, saya mencoba untuk berpikir positif.)
Cause & Effect
(Sebab Akibat) as, as long as, because, due to the fact that, how, inasmuch as,
since, so..that, such..that, that Because she had free time during last ho
liday, she rearranged her house.
(Karena dia punya waktu luang selama liburan lalu, dia menata ulang rumahnya.)
Reason
(tujuan) in case, in order that, in the hope that, least, so that, to the
end that The woman cooks by herself in order that her family gets the bes
t nutrition.
(Wanita itu memasak sendiri dengan tujuan keluarganya mendapatkan gizi terbaik.)
Rian drove fast so that he could arrived on time.
(Rian mengemudi dengan cepat agar dia dapat tiba tepat waktu.)
Condition
(syarat) as long as/in so far as, even if, if, if..not, in case (that), i
n the event that, on condition that, only if, otherwise, provided/providing (tha
t), suppose/supposing that, unless, whether or not I ll come to the party onl
y if you accompany me.
(Saya akan datang ke pesta hanya jika kamu menemani.)
As long as you follow the traffic regulation, you won t be tickete
d.
(Jika kamu menikuti peraturan lalu lintas, kamu tidak akan ditilang.)
Unless the TV viewers gave her donations, she would not be able
to buy gold, rice field, and house .
(Jika pemirsa TV tidak memberikan dia sumbangan, dia tidak akan dapat membeli em
as, sawah, dan rumah.)
Do not forget to bring your boots, otherwise your feets will pro
bably blister.
(Jangan lupa untuk membawa sepatu bot-mu, jika tidak kakimu mungkin akan lecet.)
Manner
(cara) as, how, in that, the way I wonder how I learn grammar uneffective
ly for almost fifteen years.
(Saya membayangkan bagaimana saya mempelajari grammar dengan tidak efektif selam
a hampir lima belas tahun.)
We sometimes do not realize the way God help us.
(Kita kadang tidak menyadari cara Tuhan menolong kita.)
Pengertian Subordinate Conjunction
Subordinate conjunction adalah kata hubung yang mengawali suatu dependent clause
(adverbial clause) dengan tujuan untuk membangun hubungan ide antara dependent
clause dengan main clause. Adapun gabungan antara dependent dan main clause meng
hasilkan complex sentence.
Subordinate conjunction digunakan pada subordinate clause, yaitu bagian yang ide
nya kurang penting dibanding pada main clause.
Kata hubung ini memiliki antara lain hubungan waktu (time), tempat (place), pert
entangan (contrast), sebab akibat (cause-effect), syarat (condition), tujuan (re
ason), dan cara (manner).
Contoh Subordinate Conjunction
Contoh kalimat dengan subordinate conjunction dengan hubungan waktu (time), temp
at (place), dan pertentangan (contrast) adalah sebagai berikut.
Hubungan Subordinate Conjunction Contoh Subordinate Conjunction dalam Com
plex Sentence
Time
(waktu) after
(setelah),
as
(ketika, sementara),
as soon as
(segera setelah),
before
(sebelum),
once
(segera setelah),
since
(sejak),
until/till
(sampai),
when
(ketika),
whenever
(kapan saja, sewaktu-waktu),
while
(ketika, sementara) After I changed the APN, I unpluged my modem and waited
for 5 minutes.
(Setelah saya merubah APN, saya mencabut modem dan menunggu selama 5 menit.)
As soon as/once they finish filling the questionnaire, I will pr
ocess the data.
(Segera setelah mereka selesai mengisi kuesioner, saya akan memproses data terse
but.)
Anna found so much expired food when she was cleaning the kitche
n.
(Anna menemukan begitu banyak makanan basi ketika dia membersihkan dapur.)
Before she went to Jakarta, she got her flowers watered.
(Sebelum dia pergi ke Jakarta, dia meminta bunga-bunganya disirami.)
Since the boy bought a PS3, he forgot to study.
(Sejak anak laki-laki itu membeli PS3, dia lupa belajar.)
The students focused on the test until/till the time was over.
(Para siswa fokus pada ujian hingga waktu berakhir.)
You can come to my house whenever you want.
(Kamu bisa datang ke rumahku kapanpun kamu mau.)
While I was studying in my room, I didn t let someone else to dist
urb.
(Ketika saya sedang belajar di ruangan saya, saya tidak akan membiarkan orang la
in mengganggu.)
Place
(tempat) where
(dimana),
wherever
(dimanapun) Nobody knows where she lives now.
(Tidak ada yang tau dimana dia tinggal sekarang.)
We should be polite and pleasant wherever we live.
(Kita sebaiknya sopan dan menyenangkan dimanapun kita tinggal.)
Contrast (pertentangan) although,
even though,
though
(meskipun),
whereas
(sebaliknya, sedangkan),
while
(meskipun),
even if
(kalaupun) She goes forward such a tank although/even though/though/while m
any friends confronts her ambition.
(Meskipun banyak teman menentang ambisinya, dia maju terus seperti tank.)
Although/even though/while I m annoyed, I try to think positively.
(Meskipun saya terganggu, saya mencoba untuk berpikir positif.)
Even if Bima is not qualified enough to enter the top university
, he ll try again next year.
(Kalaupun Bima tidak cukup berkualifikasi untuk masuk universitas top tersebut,
dia akan mencoba lagi tahun depan.)
I like doing execise whereas my brother like sleeping.
(Saya suka berolahraga sedangkan saudara laki-laki saya suka tidur.)
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Adverbial Clause adalah anak kalimat yang menjelaskan tentang induk kalimatnya.
Anak kalimat inilah yang disebut dengan Adverbial clause. Anak kalimat menjelask
an induk kalimatnya dengan terlebih dahulu didahului oleh kata sambung (conjunct
ion) tertentu.
Cara membentuk Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause adalah sama. Main Clause dan Adv
erbial Clause masing-masing dibentuk dari sebuah subject dan predicate. Penempat
an conjunction yang membedakan Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause ditulis atau diu
capkan ditengah-tengah.
Subject + Predicate + Conjunction + Subject + Predicate
Kalimat yang digaris bawahi merupakan Adverbial Clause. Posisi dari Adverbial Cl
ause bisa dipindah kedepan sesuai dengan kebermaknaan dari kalimatnya. Ada beber
apa jenis Adverbial Clause, masing-masing dibedakan dari conjunctionnya, dengan
arti lain, Adverbial Clause bisa dikenali dari conjunction dan begitu pula sebal
iknya, kita tinggal memilih conjunction yang tepat sesuai dengan jenis Adverbial
Clause nya.
Dibawah ini jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause beserta conjunctionnya:
1. Clause of Time
(when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til)
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Ryan will have left.
You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
(where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere)
They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
(although, though, while)
Jellyta wanted to stop, while I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
4. Clause of Manner
(as, like, the way)
He did as I told him.
They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
(so..that)
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
(because, since, as)
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concer
t.
7. Clause of Condition
(if, even if, unless)
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
8. purpose clauses
(in order to, so that, in order that)
They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

EXAMPLE :
1. Where do you eat this food ?
Answer : In steak 21
2. Where does any breaktime ?
Answer : In canteen
3. When do you go to cinema 21 ?
Answer : At 11 am
4. When does vally course english
Answer : Every Monday
5. How often does any watch movie ?
Answer : Rarely
6. You didn t look fine when I meet you this morning
7. While father was washing his car, I was making up my bedroom
8. After they returned the book to the library, they went home
9. You can keep that note as long as you like
10. Please call me as soon as you are at home

Mar
7
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Pengertian, Jenis dan Contoh Adverbial Clause
A. Pengertian Adverb Clause
Adverb Clause terdiri dari dua kata yaitu Adverb and Clause
adverb adalah : kata keterangan yang menerangkan verb (kata kerja) dan adjective
(kata sifat),
clause adalah : anak kalimat.
Jadi adverb clause adalah anak kalimat yang menerangkan kata sifat dan kata kerj
a dan berfungsi sebagai adverb.
Adverb clause adalah terdiri dari delapan macam: seperti: Adverb clause of time,
Adverb clause of place, Adverb clause of number, Adverb clause of menner, adver
b clause of reanson, adverb clause of result, adverb clause of condition, dan ad
verb clause of contrast.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjun
ction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (k
ata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
 No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction s
eperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
The guard stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa y
ang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata pen
ghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, a
s the time, dll.
Contoh:
As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa
terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) sepert
i as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan
menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that,
to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk C
lause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day t
hat we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so inte
resting a book that he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat)
dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1.Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fa
ct that, dll
Contoh:
Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold
weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather
)
Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due t
o the fact that the weather was cold)
2.Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, a
s, as long as, in as much as
Contoh:
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert
.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if s
he wanted to take in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibil
ities for peace are still remote.
3.Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Catatan:
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1)Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a.ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b.MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2)Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb da
lam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a.ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b.MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clau
se dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fel
l asleep.
While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, A
nn fell asleep.
Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADISince coming to
this country, Mary has made many friends.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang
berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if
, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing
(that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such
a loss.
In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called of
f at once.
We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all
the necessary information.

B. Jenis-Jenis Adverb Clause

1. Adverb Clause of Reason
Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebab atau alasan.
Adverb clause of reason di awali dengan konjungsi (penghubungnya) adalah : as/
since/ because/ whereas/ on the ground that.
Example:
- Is I love you, I can do anything for you.
- Since she has a desire to marry, she discontinued her studing.
- I stopped the work because I was tired.
- Whereas I came late, My father punishet me.
- His teacher punishet him on the grand that, he came late.

2. Adverb Clause of Result

Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil perbuatan at
au akibat. Adverb clause of result di awali dengan konjungsi so that, so + adjec
tive + that, so + adverb + that, so.
Example:
- Nadhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first sight.
- He studies so hard that many studienst like him.

3. Adverb Clause of Condition

Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi. Adverb cl
ause of condition di awali dengan konjungsi if/ unless/ whether/ provided that a
nd so long as.
Example:
- If you help me, I shall be happy.
- Unless you tell her about your love, she won t know it
- You must do this wheter, you like it or not
- I ean help you provide that you must follow my advice
- So long as you work hard, you have no problem with me
4. Adverb Clause of Contrast
Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah sebuah anak kalimat yang menerangkan bertentang
an. Adverb Clause of Contrast diawali dengan konjungsi: although, eventh ough, t
hough, whet eyer, no matter, however much, not with standing that.
Example:
a. I still no money although I worked hard
b. Eventhough hehates me, he lend me the bock
c. Though he is rice, he never give me the money
d. Whatever he has done, he is your father
e. No mather what she sald, I still love her
f. She will never succed however much he may try
g. He was not refreshed not with standing that he had spent 2 weeks leave.
An adverbial clause is a group of related words which play the role of an adverb
. Like all clauses, an adverbial clause includes a subject and a verb.
Example:
The cleaner says she left the printer cartridge here. (normal adverb)
The cleaner says she left the printer cartridge where she always leaves it. (ad
verbial clause)