Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oils

into fractions with different boiling points

Carbon dioxide and water Carbon monoxide, carbon (soot) and water

complete incomplete
All undergoes COMBUSTION (BURN)

compound which consists ORGANIC

Crude oil of the element carbon Hydrocarbon Non - Hydrocarbon
and hydrogen
COMPOUND

400-700 OC, Al2O3

Alkane Alkene Alcohol Carboxylic acid
CnH2n+2 Cracking CnH2n CnH2n+1OH + Oxygen CnH2n+1COOH
e.g. Ethane e.g. Ethene e.g. Ethanol (oxidation) e.g. Ethanoic acid
Addition Reaction
+ hydrogen + steam Alcohol can also be derived from fermentation of
(Catalyst: Nickel) (catalyst: glucose by adding yeast. This process also
produces carbon dioxide.
150 oC Phosphoric acid) C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

+ alkene + Bromine Di-bromo alkane

Poly(alkene)
(monomer)
e Bromine (yellow) is the reagent used to distinguish alkene from alkane.
polymerisation
In the presence of alkene, bromine will turn colourless.
In the presence of alkane, bromine will remain yellow.