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TQM -IN TAMIL

Article · December 2014

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Anusuya Priya
Periyar Maniammai University
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 Abstract
Mrpupau; fy;t papy; KOikj;j u Nkyhz;ik(TQM)apd; jhf;f k;
msTg;ngUf;fk; vd;gJ tpiue;J Vw;gl Vw;gl> juNkk;ghLk; nky;y nky;y cUthFk;.
fy;tpapd; juk; ngUk;ghYk; Mrpupau;fspd; juj;ijr; rhu;eN
; j ,Uf;fpwJ. Jujhd fy;tp
vd;gJ>etPd mwpitg; ngWjy;>vijAk; Muha;e;jwpjy;>jhNd Nrhjpj;jwpjy;>Rafw;wy;>kdpj
Neaj;NjhL khztu;fs; jpfo;jy; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpajhff; nfhz;lhy;> mj;jifa
fy;tpiag; ngwr; nra;tjw;F>Gfo; ngw;w fy;tp epWtdq;fs; jw;nghOJ KOikj;ju
Nkyhz;ikiaf; filgpbj;J>jkJ gzpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fspd; Nguhjuit
njhlu;eJ; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;s>Mrpupau;fspd; mwpthw;wy;>nra;jpwd;fs; Mfpatw;i w
njhlu;eJ
; Nkk;gLj;JtNjhL>GJg;GJ etPd cwgj;jp nray;Kiwfs; mwpKfkhdTlNdNa
mtw;iwj; jkJ epWtdq; fspy; GFj;jplTk; Kidfpd; wd.KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ik (TQM)
cj;jpia njhopyfq;fs;>tzpf epWtdq; fs;>Ntshz;Jiw>epu;thfk; Nghd;w gy;NtW
JiwfspYk; jw;NghJ gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpAs;sdu;.Mdhy; ,J Mrpupau; fy;tpapy; ,J
rhj;jpakh vd;gjid gpd;tUk; fl;Liu Kyk; mwpe;J nray;gLNthk;.

Mrpupau; fy;t papy; KOikj;j u Nkyhz;ik( TQM)apd; jhf;f k;

Kd;D iu:
‘Mrpupau; fy;tpapy; KOikj;ju Nkyhz;ik(TQM)apd; jhf;fk;’ – vd;w
,f;fl;LiuahdJ>Nkyhz;ik vd;why; vd;d?> Mrpupau; fy;tpapy; Nkyhz;ik> KOikj;
ju Nkyhz;ik> KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ikapd; gz;gpay;Gfs;> KOikj; ju
Nkyhz;ikAk;> Mrpupau; fy;tpAk;> KOikj;ju Nkyhz;ikapd; Fiwfs;> KbTiuapy;
Fiwfis eptu;j;jp nra;a rpy khw;wq;fs; vd;gJ Nghd;w gy;NtW cj; jiyg;Gfspy;
tpthjpf;f cs;sJ.
Nkyhz;ik vd;why; vd;d?
Nkyhz;ik(Management) vd; w fUj;jhf;fk; gPl;lu; vg;.buf;fu;( Peter
F.Drucker) vd;ghuhy; tpupj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tiuaiw-ahdJ>‘Xu; mikg;gpy; mlq;fpAs;s
nghUs;rhu; tsj;ijAk; kdpj tsj;i jAk; Kiwahf jpl;lkpl;L >jpwikahf
xUq;fpizj;J xt;nthU cl;gpupitAk; KOj; jpwDld; nrk;ikahf ,aq;f itj;J>
me;epWtdk; mila vz;zpAs;s Fwpf;Nfhs;fis Fiwe;j nrytpy; KOikahf
mile;jpl KidAk; Jbg;ghd nray;KiwNa Nkyhz;ik MFk;” vd;fpwhu;.,j;j ifa
Nkyhz; nray;Kiwapd; %yk;>fy;tp epWtdj; jpypUe;J ntspg;gLk; tpisgad;( output)
va;j vz;zpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; mbg;gilapy; kjpg;gpLifapy; cau; ,stpy; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
Mrpupau;fy;t papy; Nkyhz;ik:
fy;tp mikg;G> ehSf;F ehs; gue;J ngUfp tUfpwJ. MfNt ,ij
ruptuj; jpl;lkpl;L> mikj;J (Organizing) xUq;f pizj;J (coordinating) Mrpupag;
gzpahsu;fis epakpj;J> Nkw;ghu;itapl;L (supervising)tsu;r;rpailar; nra;Ak;
gzpapidNa Mrpupa u; fy;tp Nkyhz;ik(Teacher Education Management) vd;fpNwhk;.
,jpy;>
 fy;tpj;jp
l;lkply;(Education Planning)
 epjp(Finan
ce)
 Ntiyg;g
fpu;T(Sharing of work)
 kjpg;gPL
(Evaluation)Mfpad mlq;Fk;.
MfNt> jFe;j Mrpupaiu epakpj;J> topfhl;b> Nkw;ghu;itapl;L> khztu; fy;tpapd;
juj;ijAk; jpwidAk; mjpfupf; f Ntz;Lk;.
KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ik (Total Quality Manage ment TQM) :
‘KOikahd juk;” vd;gJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; midj;Jf; $WfspYk; Fiwfs;
fisag;gl;L epiwfNs epiwe;jpUf;Fk; epiyahFk;. Gfo; ngw;w fy;tp
epWtdq;fs;>jw;nghOJ KOikj; ju ciaf; filgpbj;J>>jkJ thbf;ifahsu;fspd;
Nguhjuit njhlu;eJ; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;s>gdpahsu;fspd; mwpthw;wy;> nra;jpwd;fs;
Mfpatw;iw njhlu;eJ
; Nkk;gLj;JtNjhL> GJg;GJ etPd cw;gj;jp
nray;Kiwfs;m wpKfkhdTlNdNa mtw;iwj; jkJ epWtdq;fspy; GFj;jplTk;
Kidfpd;wd.
KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ik cj; jpia njhopyfq;fs; tzpf epWtdq;fs;>
Ntshz;Jiw> epu;thfk; Nghd;w gy;NtW JiwfspYk; jw;NghJ gad;gLj;Jj;
njhlq;fpAs;sdu;.Mrpupau; fy;tpapy; ,çJ KOikahf rhj;jpag;gLkh? vd;gjidf;
fhz;Nghk;.
KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ikapd; gz;gpay;Gfs; :
,t;tZFKiw %yk;>fz;bg;ghf juf; fl;Lg;ghLfisfy;tpr; nray;Kiwapd; xt;nthU
gbepiyapYk; Nkw;nfhs;tNjhL> juf;Fiwit Vw;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfisf; fz;lwpe;J
mtw;iw mfw;WtjpYk; cWjpAld; nray;gLfpwJ.
1. juk; vd;gJ njspTgLj;jg;gl;l Njitfs;>msTfs;>cau;T eaq;fs;
Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;.
 2. thbf;ifahsu; vd;gtu; xU gz;lj;ij my;yJ Copaj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtiuf;
Fwpf;Fk;.
3. ju cau;T vd;gJ cw;gj;jpahsuhy; njhlu;eJ
; Nkw; - nfhs;sg;gLk;
nray;KiwahFk;.
4. vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; jumsit vl;lhj epWtdq;fSk;> gzpfSk; epuhfupf;fg;gl;L
ePf;fg;gLk;.
5. mYtyfg;gzpahsu;fs; Xu; mzpahfr; nray;gLtu;.
6. gzpahsu;fSf;F gzp Fwpj;j fy;tpAk; gapw;rpAk; njhlu;eJ
; Fwpg;gpl;l fhy
,ilntspfspy; toq;fg;gLk;.
KOikj;ju Nkyhz;ikAk;>Mrpupau; fy;t pAk; :
rhyp]; (Sallis) vd;ghupd; fUj;Jg;gb re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,uz;L
rf;jpfs;>cw;gj; jpahsu; kPJ jkJ Mjpf; fj;i j nrYj;Jfpd;wd.
1. Nghl;b
2. fLk;
Nghl;;b -,it ,uz;bw;F k; neUq;fpa njhlu;G cz;L.
xt;nthU epWtdKk; jdJ Nghl;bahsu;fSf;F <LnfhLf;Fk; tifapy; cw;gj;jp
nra;Ak; nghUs;fs;;>toq;Fk; Nritfspd; juk; Mfpatw;i wj; njhlu;eJ
; ghJfhj;jy;>
mt;tpjk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjww;F MFk; nryT fl;Lg;gbahff; $ba tifapy; mike;J
e\;lk; Vw;glhky; ,Uj; jy; vd;Dk; ,uz;L Nghf;F fisAk; jpwk;gl rkhspg;gjd; %yNk
epWtdj;ij tYf;Fd;whky; njhlu;eJ
; nray;glr; nra;jpl KbAk;.
fy;tpapy;> Fwpg;ghf njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp toq;Fk; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; re;ijg;
nghUshjhuj;jpd; ,U Kf; fpa fhuzpfshd ‘Njit’ (Demand) ‘fpilj;jplr; nra;jy;’
(Supply) Mfpatw; wpd; nry;thf;fpw;fpzq;fNt ,aq;f KbAk;. I.I.T, I.I.M Nghd;w jukpf;f
fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;Fj; jhd; kjpg;G mjpfk; . mtw; wpy; NruNt midtUk; tpUk;Gtu;.
,j;jifa fy;tp epWtdq;fs; KOikahd ju Nkyhz;ikiaf; ifahz;L cyfj;juk;
tha;ej
; fy;tp epWtdq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. Mdhy; ,tw;wpYs;s khzhf;fu; Nru;f;if
,lq;fs; FiwthfTk;>Nghl;b mjpfkhfTk;>gapy;tjw;fhd nghUl;nryT kiyf;f
itg;gjhfTk; cs;sd. jukw;w fy;tp epWtdq;fs; khztu;fshy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLtjhy;
mit nky;y nky;y kiwaj; njhlq;Fk;. ,j; jifa #o;epiyapy; midj;J
epWtdq;fSk; junk;ghL cilajhf tpsq;Ftjw;fhd njhlu; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl Ntz;ba
fl;lhak; Vw;gLfpwJ.
,r;nray;Kiwapy; ghjfq;f Sk; cs;sd. rpy fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; epu;thfg;
gzpfs; Kd;Dupik ngw;W Nkyhz;ikg;gzpfs; gpd;Df;Fj; js;sg;gLk;. jtpuTk;
fy;tpf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fis> juf;fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs; %yk; mstpl KbahJ. vdNt
KOikj;ju Nkyhz;ik mZFKiwia Kw;wpYkhf GFj;jply; vd;gJ Vw;Gilajy;y
vd;Nw Njhd;WfpwJ.
KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ikapd; Fiwfs; :
KOikj; ju Nkyhz;ik>cw;gj;jpj; JiwfSf;F Vw;Gilajhf ,Ue;jhYk; fy; tp
mikg;gpw;F mjpYk; Mrpupau; fy;tp mikg;gpw;F ve;j mstpw;F gads;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gij gy fy;tp epWtdq; fspy; gupNrhjpj;J rpy mZFKiwfs; Vd; gad;glhJ
vd;gjw;F rpy fhuzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. mitahtd:
 fw;gpj;jy;
vd;gJ xt;nthU MrpupaUk; jj;jk; ghzpf;F Vw;g epfo; j;Jk;
jdpj;jd;ikAld; $ba ( Individualistic) nrayhFk;.
 Nkyhz;i
k vd;gJ midj;Jk; xNu khjpup (NtWghbd;wp) mike;jpl Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ.
 fy;tpapd;
gaid Neubahf Efu;Nthu; khztu;fNs: Mdhy; khzhf;fupd;
ngw;Nwhh;fSk;> fy;tpf;fhf kf;fs; tupg;gzj;jpy; ,Ue;J fzprkhf epjp
xJf;Fk; muRk; kiwKf gadhspfshf ,Ug;gjhy;> ,k;%d;W
gpuptpdu;fspilNa (khzhf;fu;> ngw;Nwhu;> muR ) fhzg;gLk; Mu;tq;fs;
NtWgLk; NghJ Nkhjy;fs; voyhk;.
 KOikj;
ju Nkk;ghL> Fwpf;Nfhs;fis epiwNtw; Wtjw;Nf mOj;jk; jUfpwJ.

KbTiu :
Fiwfis eptu;j;jp nra;a rpy khw;w q;fs; :
KOikahd ju Nkyhz;ikapd; mbg;gilf; fUj;jpw;Nfw;g Mrpupau; fy;tp
mikg;Gk; rpy Gul;rpfukhd khw;wq;fis Kad;W ghu;f;fyhk;. mitahtd>
 Gbg;gbah
f fw;wy; ,yf;Ffis cau;j;Jjy;
 fw;gpj;jy;
cj;jpfspy; khw; wq;fisf; nfhz;L tUjy; .
 etPd
njhopy; El;gq;fs; %yk; jhNk fw;f topfhl;Ljy;.
 Mz;Lf;
fy;tpj;jpl;lkply;> mjw; fhd topj;jlk; (Road map) Mfpatw;wpy; causT
ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.
  ju
Nkk;ghl;by; Kd;dpw;Fk; fy;tp epiyaq;fSf;Fk; Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; rpwg;Gr;
rYiffs; mspj;jy; .

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