tuyhW

Mrpupau;; topfhl;b

juk; 10
(2015 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
kfufk
=yq;fh

,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk kpd;dQ;ry; : info@nie.lk

i
tuyhW
Mrpupau;; topfhl;b
juk; - 10
Kjyhk; gjpg;G : 2015

 Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;> k`ufk.

ISBN

r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw>
nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk

,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk
kpd;dQ;ry; : info@nie.lk

mr;Rg;gjpg;G :
mr;rfk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk
=yq;fh

i
 gzpg;;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp
,yq;ifapd; ,ilepiyf; fy;tpapy; Gjpa Nju;r;rp ikag; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw;
fl;lk; 2007 Mk; Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; %yk; ,J mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Njrpa kl;lj; Nju;r;rpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpd; mbg;gilapy; Njrpa
fy;tp Mizf;FOtpd; tpjg;GiufSf;fika mg;NghJ eilKiwapypUe;j
cs;slf;fk; rhu;e;j fy;tp Kiwik ,jd; %yk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nju;r;rp ikaf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;l kWrPuikg;ghdJ 2015Mk;
Mz;bypUe;J juk; 6> 10 Mfpa tFg;Gf;fSf;F mKy;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ. ,e;
Nehf;fj;ij milAk; nghUl;Lj; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Ma;it mbg;gilahff;
nfhz; l NgWfisAk; Mu; t yu; f Sila gy; N tW MNyhridfisAk;
gyjug; g l; l tu; fsplkpUe; J k; ngw; W f; n fhz; l J. mtw; w pd; mbg; g ilapy;
epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhU nrad;Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJld; mjw;fikthd
ghlj;jpl;lq;fisAk; Nkw;gb juq;fSf;fhf tpUj;jp nra;;Js;sJ.
,e;j epahag;gLj;jw; nrad;Kiwapw; fiyj;jpll
; kWrPuikg;gpd; NghJ epiyf;Fj;jhd
xUq;fpizg;G Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;L> fPopUe;J Nky;Nehf;fpa mZFKiwapy;
midj; J ghlq; f Sf; F khd Nju; r ; r p kl; l q; f s; Kiwikahf tpUj; j p
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk;>mbg;gil tplaq;fspypUe;J cau; kl;lj;ij Nehf;fpr;
nry;Yk; tifapy; mit xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;Lk; cs;sd. ghl cs;slf;fj;jpw;
fhzg;gLk; $wpaJ $wy; kw;Wk; ghl cs;slf;fr; Rik vd;gtw;iw ,opepiyf;F
,l;Lr; nry;yTk; khztu; NeakhdJk; eilKiwf;Nfw;wJkhd fiyj;jpll ; nkhd;iw
cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk; fpilahd xUq;fpizg;ghdJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mrpupau;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fTk; ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkplTk;
fw;gpf;fTk; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;fTk; mstPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfis
Nkw; n fhs; s Tk; cjTKfkhf Mrpupau; topfhl; b apw; Gjpa tbtikg; G
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t; topfhl;ly;fs; Mrpupau;fs; tFg;giwapy; nkd;NkYk;
cw;gj;jpj; jpwDs;sJk; tpisjpwd; kpf;fJkhd tifapw; Jyq;Ftjw;F cjTk;.
Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfs; khztu;fsJ Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapw;
ju cs;sL P fisAk; Nkyjpf nraw;ghLfisAk; njupT nra;tjpy; Mrpupau;fSf;Fr;
Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ. ,g;Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfs; ghl cs;slf;fr;
Rikia tpLj;J> tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fspd; %yk; ghl cs;slf;fj;ijg;
g+uzg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt> Mrpupau;fs; Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfisg;
gad;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhw; jahupf;fg;gl;l
ghlE}y;fisAk; nghUj;jkhd tifapw;; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Mrpupau; ikaf; fy;tp KiwikapypUe;J khztu; ikaf; fy;tp Kiwikf;Fj;
jskhw;wk; nra;tJk; NtiyAyfpwF ; Vw;w tifapw; nghUj;jkhd kdpj tsq;fis
tpUj;jp nra;tJk; Njitahd Nju;r;rpfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; ghlrhiyapypUe;J
ntspNaWk; khztu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd nraw;ghL rhu;e;j
fy;tp Kiwikia tpUj;jp nra;tJk; Nkw;gb epahag;gLj;jg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lk;
kw; W k; Mrpupau; topfhl; b apd; Gjpa tbtikg; G vd; g tw; w pd; mbg; g il
Nehf;fq;fshFk;.
Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bia cUthf;Ftjpw; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j Njrpa fy;tp
epWtfj;jpd; fy;tprhu; mYty;fs; rig kw;Wk; Nguit cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk; midj;J
tsthsu;fSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfs; cupj;jhfpd;wd.
gzpg; g hsu; ehafk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

iii
 gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

w;wy; vd;gJ gue;J tpupeJ

; nry;tnjhd;whFk;. mJ tho;fi
; fia Nkk;gLj;jTk;
vspikg;gLj;jTk; ty;yJ. kdpjd; fw;Fk; Mw;wypy; cr;r epiyapy; cs;shd;.
kdpj> r%f mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff; nfhz;l xU ehLk; mjd; r%fKk;
mwpthw;wypdhy; ,dq;fz;l> epakkw;wtw;iwf; fistjw;Fk;. ey;ytw;iwg;
gz;gLj;jpg; Gj;Jyifg; gilg;gjw;fhd fUtpaha; miktJ fy;tpahFk;.

fw;wYf;fhfg; ngWkjpkpf;fit vitNah mitAk;> fw;wy; Kiwapay;fSk;

trjpfSk; fy;tpiar; #o cUthjy; Ntz;Lk;. fiyj;jpl;lk;> ghlj;jpl;lk;>
topfhl;bfs;> trjp nra;Nthu; Nghd;witnay;yhk; ,t;tifapNyNa fy;tpjJ
; iwapw;
Nru;e;J nfhs;fpd;wd.

,yq;if> etPd nry;newpfisAk; gz;ila mUQ;nry;tq;fisAk; fyf;fr;

nra;J jkJ fy;tpf;Nfhyj;ij cUthf;fpf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. rkfhyj; NjitfSf;
fika kWrPuikg;GfspD}lhf vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUjlit ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLk;
fiyj;jpl;lj; Jf;Fupa xU fw;wy; tskhf ,t;thrpupau; ife;E}y;fs; jahupf;fg;gL
fpd;wd.

ghlf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspd; xj;jjd;ikia Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJ mtrpa

khFk;. vdpDk;> Mrpupau; ife;E}ypw; jug;gl;Ls;s fw;wy; Kiwapay;fs; rw;NwDk;
gprfhJ mr;nrhl;lhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupitad;W. ghlj;jpll ; j;jpd; Nju;rr
; pfs;>Nju;rr
; p
kl;lq;fis miltjw;fhfg; ghltplaq;fspd; %yk; fw;ww; NgWfis mz;kpg;gjw;
fhff; fw;wy; Kiwapay;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhdjhf khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd
Rje;jpuk; trjp nra;J nfhLg;NghUf;F cz;L vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. khztuJ
milTr; rjtPjj;ij caupa kl;lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;y cjTk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd
trjpfisr; nra;J nfhLf;Fk; MrpupauJ tfpghfj;jpw;F ce;Jjyspg;gjw;fhfj;
jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mrpupau; ife;E}iy Mrpupau;fs; kl;Lkd;wp khztUk;
ngw;NwhUk; $l gad;gLj;jyhk;. Fwpj;j ghlj;jpd; ghlE}Yf;Fj; Jizahf
mikAk; xU rhjdkhd ,t;thrpupau; ife;E}y; kw;WnkhU ghlE}y; md;W
vd;gij mwpe;J ghlE}y;> Mrpupau; ife;E}y; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Mrpupau;fs;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;gpy;> Njrpa epiyg; guPl;rfu;fshy;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg; ngWk; milTfis> khztu;fs; mile;Js;sduh vd;gJ gw;wpg;
ghlepiwtpy; tFg;giwapy; trjp nra;J nfhLg;gtu;fshy; kjpg;gplg; ngWjy;
Ntz;Lk;. fspg;g+l;lj;jf;f nrOikahd gz;ghl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd xU
fUtpahf ,t;thrpupau; ife;E}y; mika Ntz;Lnkdg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

gP l hjpgjp> gpujpg; gzpg; g hsu; ehafk;

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

iv
 tsg; g q; f spg; G

,izg;ghf;fk; : jpUkjp. B. vr;. re;jpkh eprhdp ju;kghy

rpNul;l tpupTiuahsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

ghltpla MNyhrid :
Nguhrpupau; ,e;jpuhzp Kdrpq;f (Xa;Tepiy)
nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;
Nguhrpupau; uh[; NrhkNjt
fsdp gy;fiyf;fofk;> njhy;nghUspay; gl;lg;gpd;
epWtdk;
Nguhrpupau; gj;krpup fd;dq;fu
= [atu;jdGu gy;fiyf;fofk;

vOj;jhsu; FO ntspthup :
B. V. V. rpupNrd
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;>
jk;Gj;Njfk
vd;. fku;jPd;
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;>
nff;fpuhit
Nf. v];. uQ;rdp
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;> n`huiz
lgpsA; . V. gparPyp
Mrpupau; Nrit> =uhFy k. k. tp. myt;it
V. ,e;jpuhzp
Mrpupau; Nrit> NaR ghyfu; fd;dpau; kl> Njrpa
ghlrhiy> ,uj;jpdGup
vr;. vk;. eypd; gz;lhu
Mrpupau; Nrit> FUtpww ; kj;jpa kfh tpjj
; pahyak;>
FUtpww ;

vOj;jhsu; FO cs;thup :
B. vr;. re;jpkh eprhdp ju;kghy
rpNul;l tpupTiuahsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw
lgps;A. v];. v]; Fztu;jd
cjtp tpupTiuahsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

v
 Mrpupau; ; topfhl; b

gad; g Lj; J tjw; f hd mwpTWj; j y; f s;

2007 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy;; ikag;ghlq;

fSs; xd;whf ,Ue;JtUk; tuyhW vDk; ghlk; 2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd;
gpd; d Uk; mNjtpjkhf eilKiwg; g Lj; j g; g Lk; . 6-9 Me; juq; f Sf; f hf
thunkhd;Wf;F ,uz;L ghlNtisfSk; 10-11 Me; juq;fSf;fhf thunkhd;Wf;F
%d;W ghlNtis fSk;; xJf;fg;l;Ls;sd.

f.ngh.j. rhjhuz jug; guPli

; rapy; 10-11 Mk; juq;fSf;Fupa ghlj;jpll
; q;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kjpg;gPl;il elj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

6-11 Me;juq;fSf;fhf Nju;rr

; pfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l mZFKiwapd;
gb gpujhdkhf ,Ugj;njhU Nju;r;rpfspd; fPo; tuyhw;Wg;ghlf; fiyj;jpl;lk;
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. fiyj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jahupf;fg;
gl;Ls;s ,e;j Mrpupau;; topfhl;b ghlj;jpl;lk;> ghlj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;
gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; vDk; ,uz;L gFjpfisf; nfhz;like;Js;sJ.

‘tuyhW’ vDk; ghlj;jpd; %yk; khztuplj;Nj fl;bnaOg;g vjpug

; hu;ff
; g;gLk;
Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; NghJ ghlq;fSk; mg;ghlq;fisg; gapYtjw;fhfg;
gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwapay;fSk; Kf;fpakhdit. ,J njhu;ghf Mrpupaupd; gzp/
fUkq;fis ,yFgLj;Jk; nghUl;L> ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,U gFjpfs; cs;slq;FkhW
khjpup nraw;ghLfs; ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;sd. jkJ Mf;fpay; jpwikfisg; gad;gLj;jp>
tFg;giwj; Njitapd;gb> ,r;nraw;ghLfis NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tNjhL
Gjpa nraw;ghLfisAk; Mrpupau;fs; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. tuyhW vDk;
,g;ghlj;jpd; FwpfN
; fhs;fis milaj;jf;f tifapy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 50 rjtPjNkDk;
nrad;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fw;wy; re;ju;g; gq;fis
jpl;lkpl;L toq;Ftjd; %yk; ghlq;fisg; gapy;tjpy; khztiu topg;gLj;JtNj
,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

mjw;fika ‘tuyhW’ vDk; ghlj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis epiwT nra;jthW

Nju;rr
; pkpf;f> Gjpa cyFf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ,sQ; re;jjpapdiu cUthf;Ftjw;F
topfhl;LtNj ,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;bapd; vjpug
; hu;gg
; hFk;. ,J njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ
Mf;fg+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fisAk; Kd;nkhopTfisAk; vkf;F mDg;gp itf;FkhW
jaTld; Ntz;LfpNwhk;.

vi
 nghUslf; f k;

gf; f k
k;

gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iii

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iv

fiyj;jpl;lf; FO v

Mrpupau;; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; v i

ghlj;jpl;l cs;slf;fk; viii

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa topfhl;ly; 01-50

10.1 tuyhW gapy;tjw;Fupa %yhjhuq;fs; 01-04

10.2 ,yq;ifapd; FbNaw;wq;fs; 05-11

10.3 ,yq;ifapd; murpay; mjpfhu tsu;r;rp 12-14

10.4 ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk; 15-19

10.5 ,yq;ifapy; Guhjd tpQ;QhdKk; njhopDl;gKk; 20-24

10.6 tuyhw;W mwpTk; mjd; eilKiwg; gpujpaPLfSk; 25-28

10.7 cyu;tya gz;ila ehfupfq;fspd; tPo;r;rp 29-34

10.8 fz;b ,uhrjhdp 35-43

10.9 INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rp 44-47

10.10 ,yq;ifAk; Nkw;FyFk; 48-50

vii
 tuyhW
ghlj;jpl;lk;

juk; 10
viii

(2015 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)

r%f tpQ; Q hdj; J iw

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk
=yq; f h
www.nie.lk
 mwpKfk;

ekJ ehl;bd; jdpjJ

; tj;ij mwpeJ
; > mijg; ghJfhj;J cyf khw;wq;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;ff; $ba Mw;wy; epiwe;j ehl;Lg;gw;Ws;s
,yq;ifaiu cUthf;Ftij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L ghlrhiyf; fiyjpl;lj;jpd;; fl;lha ghlkhf 2007k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J
tuyhW ghlk;> ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpid NkYk; mh;j;jKs;sjhfr; nraw;gLj;j 2015k; Mz;bypUe;J Gjpa fy;tpr; rPh;jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; Njrpa
nghJf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa nghJ Njh;rr
; pfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ‘tuyhW’ ghlj;jpw;F ,dq;fhzg;gl;l Njh;rr
; pfs;
23 I mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L 6 Mk; juj;jpypUe;J 11 Mk; juk; tiuapyhd tuyhW ghlf;fiyj;jpl;lk; Njh;r;rpfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ix

10 Mk; juj;jpw;fhd ,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ mk;Kaw;rpapd; ngWNgwhFk;. 2015k; Mz;bypUe;J 10 Mk; juj;jpy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
jpll
; kplg;gl;Ls;s ,g;ghlj;jpll
; j;jpy; gjpndhU Njh;rr
; pfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gj;J ghl cs;slf;fk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jd;gb ,yq;ifapd; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; vkJ ghuk;gupaq;fisAk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; tuyhw;W uPjpahd g+Nfhs Nkk;ghLfs;
vkJ ehl;bd; tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; tha;g;gspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 Njrpa ,yf; F fs;

Njrpa fy;tp KiwikahdJ jdpegu;f;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd ngUk;ghyhd Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F cjtp
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghyhd fy;tp mwpf;iffSk; Mtzq;fSk; jdpegu; NjitfisAk; Njrpa NjitfisAk;
epiwT nra;tjw;fhf ,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;Js;sd. rkfhy fy;tp mikg;GfspYk; nrad;KiwfspYk; ntspg;gilahff;
fhzg;gLk; gytPdq;fs; fhuzkhf epiyNgWila kdpj tpUj;jpapd; vz;zf;fU jpl;l tuk;gpDs; fy;tpapD}lhf milaf;
$ba gpd;tUk; ,yf;Fj; njhFjpapid Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ.

i. kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; vDk; vz;zfUTf;Fs; Njrpag;gpizg;G> Njrpa KOik> Njrpa xw;Wik> ,zf;fk;>
rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jy; %yk; ,yq;ifg; gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhu NtWghl;bid mq;fPfhpj;jy; %yKk;
x

Njrj;ijf; fl;b vOg;GjYk; ,yq;ifaH vDk; milahsj;ij Vw;gLj;jYk;.

ii. khw;wKWk; cyfj;jpd; rthy;fSf;Fj; jf;fthW Kfq;nfhLj;jNyhL Njrpa ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fis
mq;fPfhpj;jYk; NgZjYk;.
iii. kdpj chpikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> flikfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT> xUtH kPJ xUtH nfhz;Ls;s Mo;e;j>
,ilawhj mf;fiwAzHT> vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jk; r%f ePjpAk; [dehaf tho;f;ifKiw epakq;fSk; cs;slq;fpa
Rw;whliy cUthf;FjYk; Mjhpj;jYk;.
vi. xUtuJ cs> cly; eyidAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspg;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epiyNgWila tho;f;iff;
Nfhyj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jy;
v. ed;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rkepiy MSikf;Fhpa Mf;f rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> Ma;e;J rpe;jpj;jy;> nghWg;G> tif$wy;
kw;Wk; cld;ghlhd mk;rq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
 vi.. jdpeguJk; Njrj;jpdJk; tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; Ngh~pf;ff; $baJk; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspf;ff;
$baJkhd Mf;fg; gzpfSf;fhd fy;tpA+l;Ltjd; %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jy;.
vii. jdpegHfspd; khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g ,zq;fp thoTk;> khw;wj;ij Kfhik nra;aTk; jahHgLj;jTk; tpiuthf khwptUk;
cyfpy; rpf;fyhdJk;> vjpHghuhjJkhd epiyikfisr; rkhspf;Fk; jifikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
viii. ePjp> rkj;Jtk;> gu];gu khpahij vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rHtNjr rKjhaj;jpy; nfsutkhdNjhH ,lj;ijg;
ngWtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;ff; $ba kdg;ghq;FfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tsHj;jy;.

(%yk; : Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if - 2003)

xi
 mbg; g ilj; NjHr; r pfs
pfs;;

fy;tpapD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F toptFf;Fk;.

(I) njhlHghly; NjHr;rpfs;

njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs; ehd;F Jizj; njhFjpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. vOj;jwpT> vz;zwpT> rpj;jpu
mwpT> jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik.

vOj;jwpT: ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;> fUj;jwpa thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk;> nrk;ikahfTk;

vOJjy;> gad;jUtifahd fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;
vz;zwpT: nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; vd;gtw;Wf;F vz;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;> vz;Zjy;> fzpj;jy;> xOq;F Kiwahf
msj;jy;
xii

rpj;jpu mwpT: NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUkj;ij mwpjy;> tpguq;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs;> vz;zq;fs; Mfpatw;iw
NfhL> cUtk;> tu;zk; vd;gtw;why; ntspg;gLj;jYk; gjpT nra;jYk;
jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik:
fzdp mwpT> fw;wypy;> njhopy; Rw;whlypy;> nrhe;j tho;tpy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gq;fisg;
(ICT) gad;gLj;jy;.

(II) MSik tpUj;jp njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

- Mf;fk;> tpupe;j rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;> gpur;rpid tpLtpj;jy;> EZf;fkhd kw;Wk; gFg;gha;Tr; rpe;jid>
mzpapduhfg; gzp nra;jy;> jdpahs; ,iltpidj; njhlu;Gfs;> fz;L gpbj;jYk; fz;lwpjYk; Kjyhd jpwikfs;.
- Neu;ik> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik> kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; Mfpa tpOkpaq;fs;
- kd vOr;rpfs;> Ez;zwpT
 (III) #oy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
,j;Nju;r;rpfs; #oNyhL njhlu;GWfpd;wd. r%fk;> capupay;> ngsjpfk;
r%fr; #oy;: Njrpa ghuk;gupak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlu;GWk;
Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;> gfpu;ej
; spf;fg;gLk; ePjp> r%fj; njhlu;Gfs;> jdpegu; elj;ijfs;> nghJthdJk; rl;lG+u;tkhdJkhd
rk;gpujhaq;fs;> cupikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs;> flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy; mf;fiw
capupay; #oy;: thOk; cyF> kf;fs;> capupay;> #oy; njhFjp - kuq;fs;> fhLfs;> fly;> ePu;> tsp> capupd jhtuk;>
tpyq;F> kdpj tho;T
ngsjpfr; #oy;: ,lk;> rf;jp> vupnghUs;> rlg;nghUs;> nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; mit kdpj tho;f;if> czT> cil>
ciwAs;> Rfhjhuk;> nrsfupak;> Rthrk;> epj;jpiu> ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> fopTfs;> capupd fopTg;
nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopg;gzu;Tk;> Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;
xiii

fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fk;> tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk;

jpwd;fSk; ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

(IV).Ntiy cyfj;jpw;F jahH nra;jy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

mtu;fsJ rf;jpia cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wiyg; Ngh\pg;gjw;Fk; Ntz;ba njhopy;rhu;
jpwd;fs;.
nghUshjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy;
mtu;fsJ njhopy; tpUg;GfisAk; csr;rhu;GfisAk; fz;lwpjy;
mtu;fsJ Mw;wy;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ntiyiaj; njupT nra;jy;
gadspf;ff; $baJk; epiyNgWilaJkhd [PtNdhghaj;jpy; <Lgly;
 (V). rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
md;whl tho;f;ifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdtw;iwj; njupT nra;aTk;> ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy; xOf;fnewp> mwnewp> rkanewp
njhlu;ghd elj;ijfisg; nghUj;jKw Nkw;nfhs;sTk; tpOkpaq;fisj; jd;kakhf;fpf; nfhs;sYk; cs;thq;fYk;

(VI). Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa NjHr;rpfs;

mofpaw; fiyfs;> ,yf;fpak;> tpisahl;L> nka;ty;Yeu; Nghl;bfs;> Xa;T Neug; nghOJNghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; tho;tpd;
Mf;fG+u;tr; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,d;g Efu;rr
; p> kfpo;rr
; p> kdntOr;rpfs; ,itNghd;w kdpj mDgtq;fs;

(VII) “fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;” njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

tpiuthf khWfpdw
; > rpff
; yhd xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fp epwf
; pdw
; cynfhd;wpy; xUtu; RahjPdkhff; fw;gjw;fhd typikaspjj
; Yk;
khw;wpaikf;Fk; nrad;Kiw Clhf khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g ,aq;fTk; mjid Kfhik nra;aTk; Ntz;ba czu;itAk;
xiv

ntw;wpiaAk; ngwr; nra;jy;.

(%yk; : Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if - 2003)

 tuyhW ghl Nehf; f q; f s;
6 Mk; juj;jpypUe;J 11 Mk; juk; tiu fiyj;jpl;lj;jpidf; fw;gjd;%yk; fPot
; Uk; Nehf;fq;fis khzth;fs;
mila KbAk; vd vjph;ghh;ff ; g;gLfpd;wJ.

1. tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;F> tsh;rr

; p vd;gd gw;wp tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy %yk; tuyhnwq;Fk; epfo;ej
; khw;wq;fs;
gw;wp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;.;
2. fle;jfhyk; njhlh;ghfg; ngWk; tpsf;fj;jpd; %yk; epfo;fhyj;ijg; GhpeJ
; nfhs;sYk; vjphf
; hy epiyikfis
mwpe;J nfhs;sYk;.
3. Njrpa jdpj;Jtj;jpid mwpe;J Njrpa ghuk;ghpa mUQ;nrhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhj;J> ehl;Lg;gw;Ws;s
gpuirfshjy;.
4. Njrpa gpur;rpidfis xg;gl
P L
; uPjpahf Nehf;Fjy;.
xv

5. Vida fyhr;rhuq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;.

6. fhy xOq;F> %yhjhu EZfpaha;T> fhuz fhupaj; njhlu;G vd;gd %yk; fl;b vOg;gg;gLk; gFj;jwpT
uPjpahd tpsf;fj;ijAk;; mwpitAk; eilKiw tho;fi
; ff;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
7. Kf;fpa tuyhw;W egh;fspd; rhpijfis Kd;khjphpahff; nfhs;sy;.
8. tuyhw;W hPjpahf cyfpy; Vw;gl;l Kf;fpa tsh;rr
; pg;Nghf;Ffs; ,e;ehl;L
; tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fs;
njhlh;ghf tpsq;fp cyfpd; Gjpa Nghf;Ffis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Mw;wiyg; ngWjy;.
9. fhyk;> ntsp Mfpad mbg;gil njhlh;ghd mwpit tsh;jJ ; f; nfhs;sy;.
10. tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fspd; Clhf ,lq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.
 N jh; r ; r pfs; N jh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s
s; g hl cs; s lf; f k; fw; w w; N gWfs; ghlNtisfs;

tuyhw;iwf; fl;b 1.1 tuyhw;iw mbg;gil 1. tuyhW gapy;tjw;Fupa • %yhjhuq;fis 04

naOgGtjw;F; ahff; nfhz;L %yhjhuq;fs; ,dqq;fhz;ghu;.
cjTk; tuyhW fl;bnaOg;gg; 1.1 %yhjhu tiffs; • %yhjhuq;fis
%yhjhuq;fisf; gLk; tpjj;ij • njhy;nghUs;pay; tifg;gLj;Jthu;
fw;gjd; %yk; ju;f;f tpsf;Fthu;. • ,yf;fpak; • %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L
uPjpahf mwpit tuyhw;iw tptupg;ghu;.
tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;thu;.
1.2 tuyhW fw;gjd; 1.2 tuyhw;iw fw;gjd; • tuyhw;iwf; fw;gjd; Kf;fp
ngWkhdj;ij Kf;fpaj;Jtk; aj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
tpsf;Fthu;. • tho;f;ifia ntw;wpfukhd
jhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tu
yhW %yk; fpilf;Fk; Kd;
khjpupfisg; gad;gLj;J thu;.
xvi
 Njh;r;rpfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s; ghl cs; s lf; f k
k; gWfs;;
f w; w w; N gWfs ghlNtisfs;

k h d p l t p U j ; j p a p d ; 2.1 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g 2. ,yq; i fapy; FbNaw; w q; f s; • tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l kw;Wk; 06

tsu; r ; r pg; Nghf; f pid
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
FbNaw;wq;fspd; jhgpjkhjy; Kd; tuyhw;Wf; fhyq;fis
mbg;gil mk;rq; 2.1.1 tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; tptupg;ghu;.
fisf; fw;W fhy 2.1.2 Kd; tuyhw;Wf; fhyk; • tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l kw;Wk;
ntsp mbg;gilapy; Kd; tuyhw;Wf; fhyf; Fb
gy;tifikia Naw;wq;fis Njrg;glnkhd;
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;. wpy; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l
kw;Wk; Kd; tuyhw;Wf;
fhyq;fspd; mbg;gil
,ay;Gfis tptupg;ghu;.

• tuyhw; W f; f hyk; vd; g ij

2.2 miw$ty;fis 2.2 tuyhw;Wf;fhyk; tpsf;Fthu;.
xvii

vjpu; nfhz;L • tuyhw;Wf;fhyf; FbNaw;wq;

,aw;ifr; #oYld; fisj; Njrg; g lnkhd; w py;
xd;W fye;J Gjpa Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
ehfupfnkhd;W • tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; nghJ
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l kf;fs; miw$ty;fis
tpjj;ij vLj;Jf; ntw; w p; nfhz; l tpjj; i j
fhl;Lthu;. tptupg;ghu;.

12
ehl;by;; murpay; 3.1 ,yq;ifapd; 3 . ,yq;if murpay; mjpfhu tsu;r;rp • murhl; r papd; mbg; g ilia
mjpfhu Muk;g fhy tptupg;ghu;.
tsu;r;rpf;fhd r%fj;ijr; 3.1 muRfSf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; • murhl; r p vz; z f; f U> mu
fhuzq;fis rkepiyahfg; Ngzp 3.2 murhl;rpAk; muru;fSk; rhl;rp fpilj;jy;> murdpd;
EZfpaha;thu;. tUtjw; f hf 3.3 muru;fs; nghWg;Gf;fs; Mfpatw;iwg;
murpay; mjpfhuk; gFj;jha;thu;.
ikag;gl;l tpjj;ij • ,yq; i fapd; Muk; g fhy
Njbawpthu;. Ml;rpahsu; gw;wpa jfty;
fis tptupg;ghu;.
 Njh; r ; r pfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s
s; ghl cs; s lf; f k
k; gWfs;;
fw; w w; N gWfs ghlNtisfs
ghlNtisfs;

gz;ila mDgtq;fs; 4.1 ,uhrul;il ehfup 4. ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk;
%yk; jw; f hyj; J f; fj;jpd; epUthf>
fhf Kd;khjpupfisg; r%f> nghUshjhu
ngWthu;. njhopw;ghl;bd;
tpidj; j pwid
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
• ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; 12
4.2.1 epu;thfk; xOq;fikg;G epUthfj;ijAk;
4.1.2 nghUshjhuk; nghUshjhuj;ijAk;
• tptrhak; tpsf;Fthu;.
• ifj;njhopy; • epUthf xOq; f ikg; g hdJ
• tzpfk; nghUshjhu tpidj;jpwdpd;
kPJ gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j
tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• ,uhrul;ilr; r%fj;jpd;
tpidj; j pwidg;
gFj;jhuha;thu;.

• ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd;
4.2 ,uhrul;il ehfup 4.2.1 gz;ghL gz;ghl;Lj; jfty;fis
xviii

fj;jpd; kf;fs; • rkak; tptupg;ghu;.

tho;f;ifapdhy; • fy;tp • gz;ila nghJkf;fs; ,dq;
gpujp gypf;fg;gLk; • ,yf;fpak; fSf;F ,ilapyhd rftho;
tpOkpaq;fspd; 4.2.2 ,dq;fSf;fpilapyhd Tld; tho;ej ; ikia vLj;Jf;
jdpj; J tj; i jf; rftho;T fhl;Lthu;.
fhg;ghu;. • ey;nyhOf;fk; kw;Wk; ,d rf
tho;Tf;fhf tuyhw;wpypUe;J
Kd;khjpupfs; ngWthu;.
 Njh; r ; r pfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s; ghl cs; s lf; f k; fw; w w; N gWfs; ghlNtisfs
ghlNtisfs;

,yq;ifapd; 5.1 tpQ;Qhdk; 5 . ,yq; i fapd; Guhjhd • gpuNahf tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; 18

ngUikia njhopDl;gKk; tpQ; Q hdKk; njhopEl; g Kk
Kk; Muk;g fl;lq;fis
cyfpw;F ntspf; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; 5.1 gpuNahf tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; Muk;g tpsf;Fthu;.
fhl;ba vkJ gpuNahfj; jpy; fl; l q; f s; (Kd; tuyhw; W f; • Kd; - tuyhw;Wf;fhyj;jpy;
%jhijau;fspd; RNjr jdpj; Jtk; fhyk;) tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; njhopDl;
tpQ;Qhd mwpT> cz;L> vd;gij gk; %yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;
kw;Wk; njhopDl;g tpsq;fp mjidg; gLk; RNjr jdpj;Jtj;ijg;
jpwd;fspd; gFj;jha;thu;. gFj;jha;thu;.
kfpikiaf; fw;W>
mt;thwhd jpwd;
fis tpUj;jp • tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpd;
nra;J nfhs;thu;. 5.2 tpQ; Q hd gpuNahf Kjpu; r ; r p tpQ;Qhd; kw;Wk; njhopDl;gg;
5.2 tuyhw;W Afj;;jpw;F (tuyhw;Wf; fhyk;) gad;ghl;ilAk; Kjpu;r;rp
cupa tpQ;Qhd> • ePu;Kfhikj;Jtk; iaAk; gFj;jha;thu;.
njhopDl;g mwpT • fl;llf;fiy(fl;ll epu;khzk;> • tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;ijr; Nru;ej ;
xix

Kiwikfspd; efu epu;khzk;> G+q;fhf;fs;) tpQ;Qhd> njhopDl;g

mUQ;nry;tq;fisf;
fhj; J mt; t hwhd
jpwd; f is tpUj; j p
nra;J nfhs;thu;.
• itj;jpa KiwfSk;
RfhjhuKk; cldyKk;
• rpWifj; njhopy;fs;
• gpw (ghuk;gupa ek;gpf;iffs;>
mgprhu; topKiwfs;> RNjr
mwpT> ....)
mwpit tptupg;ghu;.
• ntt;NtW Jiwfs; njhlu;
ghf gz;ila kf;fs; tr
kpUe;j mwpTg;nghf;fprq;fs;
jw;fhy kf;fs; tho;f;ifia
ntw;wpfukhd jhf;fpf; nfhs;
tjw;fhd jFjpia vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
 Njh; r ; r pfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s; ghl cs; s lf; f k; fw; w w; N gWfs; ghlNtisfs;

,yq;if tuyhw;W 6.1 vkJ %jhijau;fs; 6 . tuyhw;W mwpTk; mjd; eil • tuyhw;W kf;fl; r%fj;jp 10
kf;fl; r%fj;jpdhy; Clhf vkf;F cupj; Kiwg; gpujpaPLk; D}lhff; fpilj;j r%f
fpilf;fg;ngw;w J}u jhd r%f J}u 6.1 r%f xOq;fikg;G Nehf;F kw;Wk; nghJ tof;
Nehf;F kw;Wk; ghuk; Nehf;F kw;Wk; nghJ 6.2 rl;lKk; ghuk;gupaq;fSk; fhWfis tpsf;Fthu;.
gupaq;fs; gw;wpa tof;fhWfis> 6.3 gzKk; nryhtzpAk; • r%f Nehf;ifAk; nghJ
tpsf; f j; j pidg; mh;j;jKs;s 6.4 ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;G tof;fhWfisAk;
ngw;W> mtw;wpidj; r%fnkhdwpidf; 6.5 #oy; ghJfhg;G eilKiwapy; gpujpaPL
jkJ tho;f;ifia fl;bnaOg;g 6.6 RNjr czT nra;j tpjj;ijg;
newpg;gLj;jpf; gpuNahfpf; f j; j f; f tptupg;ghu;.
nfhs;tjw;Fg; tpjj;ij vLj;Jf; • jw;fhyj;jpy; mu;j;jG\;b
gad;gLj;Jthu;. fhl;Lthu;. ahd r%fnkhd;wpidf;
fl;b naOg;Gtjw;fhf
tuyhw;W mwpitg; gad;
gLj;jj;jff tpjj;ij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
xx

06
,uhrul;il ehfupfj; 7.1 ePz;lfhykhf nraw; 7 . cyu; tya gz;ila • efuq;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd
jpd; jsh;r;rpAk; gl;l ,uhrul;il efufq;fspd; tPo;r;r p fhuzq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
tPo;r;rpAk; fhuzkhf ,uhrjhdp tPo;r;rp 7.1.1 efuq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wik • cyu;tya gz;ila efuq;
r%fj;jpd; gy;NtW aile;j tpjk;gw;wp 7.1.2 efuq;fspd; tPo;r;rpf;fhd
tprhupj;jwpe;J> fs; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;Ff;
gl;l Jiwfspy; fhuzq;fs; fhuzq;fhl;Lthu;.
,jw;F mbg;gilahf
Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fisg; mike;j fhuzpfis
gFj;jha;thh;. Nfhitg;gLj;jp>
epiyahf Ngzpr;
nry;tjw;F mtrpa
khd fhuzpfisj;
jpul;Lthu;.
 Njh; r ; r pfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s
s; ghl cs; s lf; f k
k; fw; w w; N gWfs; ghlNtisfs
ghlNtisfs;

7.2 Ml;rp ikaq;fs; 2.2 ,uz;lhk; efu kakhf;fy; • Ml;rp ikaq;fs; khw;wkile; 04
FWfpa fhyg; gFjp • jk;gnjdpah> ahg;gFit> jikf;fhd fhuzq;fisg;
fspy; $l ,e; FUzhfy;> fk;gis> Nfhl;Nl> gFj;jha;thu;.
ehl;bdJ rpwe;j aho;ghzk;> td;dpahu;fs; • epiyahfg; Ngzg;gl;l muR
Ml;rpahsu;fspdhy;> fs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis
ehl;bd; epiyahd Kd;itg;ghu;.
jd;ik ghJfhf;fg; • tuyhw;W ,lq;fis ,yq;
gl;l tpjj;jpid ifg; Gwtupg; glnkhd;wpy;
tpsf;Fthu;. Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

7.3 Ml;rp ikaq;fs; khw;w 7.3.1 nghUshjhuf;Nfhyk; • ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;ff;

kile;jikahy; 7.3.2 rkak; fhyj;jpd; nghUshjhuf;
nghUshjhuKk; gz; 7.3.3 fiyAk; fl;llf;fiyAk; Nfhyj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
ghLk; khw;w kile;j • ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy;
xxi

tpjj; i j tprhuiz fhyj;jpd; gz;ghl;L

nra;thu;. eltbf;iffis
tpsf;Fthu;.
• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy;
fhyj;jpd; nghUshjhuKk;
gz;ghLk; khw;wkiltjpy;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa
fhuzq;fis tptupg;ghu;.

7.4 ,uz;lhk; efuka 7.4 ,yf;fpak; • ,uz; l hk; efukakhf; f y;

khf;f fhyj;jpy; fhyj;jpd; ,yf;fpa jfty;
,yf;fpaj; Jiwapy; fis tpsf;Fthu;.
Vw;gl;l tpUj;jp • ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tpUj;
apid vLj;Jf; jpf;Fk; kyu;rr
; pf;Fk; fhuzq;
fhl;Lthu;. fhl;Lthu;.
 Njh; r ; r pfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s
s;
,yq;if muru;fspd; 8.1 fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; 8. fz;b ,uhrjhdp
Nk;ikia kjpj;J> Muk;gk; kw;Wk;
RNjr mUQ;nry;tq; guk;gy; gw;wpa
fis ghJfhf;f jfty;fisj;
Kidthu;. Njbawp;thu;.
8.2 fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;
eph;thff; fl;likg;
ghdJ> rkfhy r%f>
nghUshjhur; nraw;
xxii
ghLfspd;> tpidj;
jpwd; Nkk;ghl;by;
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j
tpjj;jpid vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
8.3 fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd;
kf;fs; tho;f;ifia
tprhupj;jwpe;J> mjpy;
ntspf;fhl;lg;gLk;
tpOkpaq;fspd;
jdpj;Jtj;ijg; ghJ
fhg;ghh;.
ghl cs; s lf; f k
k;
8.1 Muk;gKk; guk;gYk;
8.2.1 eph;thf xOq;fikg;G
8.2.2 efuj; jpl;lKk;
fpuhkpa xOq;fikg;Gk;
8.3.1 nghUshjhug; Nghf;F
8.3.2 r%f xOq;fikg;G
fw; w w; N gWfs; ghlNtisfs;
• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; 08
Muk;gj;ijAk; guk;giy
Ak; tptupg;;ghu;.
• fz;b ,uhrjhdp muru;fspd;
Nkd;ikia tpsf;Fthu;.
• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; Rah
jPdk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; epUthf
Kiwapaiyg; gFj;jha;thu;.
• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; gpuhe;
jpag; gpupTfisj; Njrg;
glnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;
Lthu;.
• epUthf xOq;fikg;ghdJ>
r%f> nghUshjhu tpidj;
jpwdpd; kPJ gq;fspgG
; r; nra;j
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; nghU
shjhuf; Nfhyj;ij tpsf;
Fthu;.
• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; r%f
xOq;fikg;ig tptupg;ghu;.
• ey;nyhOf;fkpf;f r%f
nkhd;wpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gt
jw;F fz;bf;fhyj;jpypUe;J
ngwj; j f; f Kd; k hjpupfis
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
 Njh; r ; r pfs; Njh; r ; r p kl; l q; f s
s; ghl cs; s lf; f k; fw; w w; N gWfs; ghlNtisfs
ghlNtisfs;
tuyhw;W uPjpahd 9.1 INuhg;ghtpy; Vw;gl;l 9. INuhg;gpa kWkyh;r;rp • kWkyu;r;rp vd;gij gFj; 06
cyfg; Nghf;Ffs; kWkyh;r;rpf;fhd • kWkyh;r;rp - mwpKfk; jha;thu;.
,e;ehl;L; tuyhw;wpy; tuyhw;Wg; gpdd
; zpia • kWkyu; r ; r pf; F f; fhuzq;
Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq; EZfp Nehf;Fthh;. fhl;Lthu;.
fis tprhupj;jwpe;J> • INuhg;gpahtpd; khw;wj;jpd;
jkJ mUQ; nry;tq; kPJ kWkyu;r;rp nry;thf;Fr;
fisAk; jdpj; J tj; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;
ijAk; ghJfhj;J> fhl;Lthu;.
cyfpd; Nghf;Ffis
vjpu;nfhs;Sk; typik
iag; ngw;Wnfhs;thh;.

9.2 INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rp • INuhg; g pa kWkyu; r ; r pahdJ • kWkyu;r;rpia xU G+Nfhs

ahdJ ,yq;if kPJ ,yq; i f kP J nry; t hf; F r; uPjpahd Nghf;fhf vLj;Jf;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj; jpa nrYj;jpa tpjk; fhl;Lthu;.
xxiii

tpjj;ij EZfp • INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpahdJ

aha;thu;. ,yq; i f kP J nrYj; j pa
nry;thf;ifg; gFj;jha;thu;.
• G+Nfhs uPjpahd Nghf;F
fis vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;ba 06
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

ehnlhd;wpy; ntsp 10.1 njhopDl;g Mjpf;fk; 10. ,yq;ifAk; Nkw;fj;NjaUkjaUk; • Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk; xy;yhe;
ehl;L Mjpf;fk; kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu 10.1.1 Nghh;j;JNfaupd; tUif j
; Uk; ,yq;ifapd; fiu Nahug;
Vw;gLtjpy; cghaq;fs; %yk gpuNjrq; f spy; mjpfhuj;
nry;thf;F ; Nghh;j;JNfaUk ijj; jhgpj;jtpjj;ijg;
nrYj;Jk; fhuzp ; xy;yhe;jUk; jkJ tpsf;Fthu;.
fis> Nkw;fj;Njah; Mjpf;fj;jpid gutr; 10.1.2 Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; ,yq;iff;F • Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; ,yq;iff;F
,yq;ifapy; nra;j tpjj;jpid te;jNghJ ,yq;ifapd te;jNghJ ,yq;ifapd
mjpfhuj;ijj; tpsf;Fthh;. ; murpay; epiyik ; murpay; epiyikia
jhgpj; j ikapd; • fiuNahug; gpuNjrq; tpsf;Fthu;.
Clhf fisf; ifg;gw;wy;
EZfpaha;thu;.
10.1.3 xy;yhe;ju; tUif • ntspehl;ltupd; Kd;dpiy
• fiuNahug; gpuNjrq; apy; ,yq; i fau; fhl; b a
fisf; ifg;gw;wy; vjpu;g;Gf;fis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhd
mwpTWj; j y; f s;

xxiv
 10.1 tuyhW gapy; t jw; F upa %yhjhuq; f s;

tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Tjw;F %yhjhuq;fs; Njit. %yhjhuq;fs; gy;tifg;

gl;lit. mt;thwhd ntt;NtW %yhjhuq;fspd; Clhf tuyhW fl;bnaOg;gg;
gLk; tpjj;ijAk; tuyhw;iwf; fw;gjhy; fpilf;Fk; gad;fisAk; ,e;j
myfpd; %yk; fw;fyhk;.

Nju;r;rp

1.0 %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L> tuyhW fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; tpjj;jpidf; fw;W

mjd; %yk; ngWk; Nghjidfis tho;f;iff;Fj; Jizahff; nfhs;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

1.1 tuyhw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tuyhW fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; tpjj;ij

tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 03

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• %yhjhuq;fis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.
• %yhjhuq;fis tifg;gLj;Jthu;.
• %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L tuyhw;iw tptupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

10.1 tuyhW gapy;tjw;Fupa %yhjhuq;fs;

1.1 %yhjhug; ghFghL

• tuyhW vd;gJ fle;j fhyj;ijg; gw;wpa tplag;gug;gpYk; mjpy;

mlq;Fk; fhyj;ijAk; nghUisAk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
tuyhw;iw tptupf;Fk; %yhjhuk; Njit vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;.
• fle;j fhyj;jpy; epfo;;e;jtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fj; Jizahff;
nfhs;sj;jf;f ,uz;L %yhjhu tiffs; cs;sd vd;gij vLj;Jf;
fhl;Ljy;.
I. ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs;
,J ,uz;L gFjpfshyhdJ

1
 1. RNjrpa ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs; : (cs;ehl;L ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs;)
• ghyptk;rf; fijfs;> ghyp ml;lf; fijfs;> rkaf; fpue;jq;fs;
nra;As; kw;Wk; ciueil ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;fs;
• ,e;E}y;fs; vOjg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
• tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf ,e;E}y;fs; gad;gLk; tpjk;

2. ntspehl;L ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs; :

• ,yq; i ff; F tUifje; j ntspehl; l tu; f Sk; > ,yq; i f
njhlu;ghd jfty;fisf; Nfl;lwpej
; ntspehl;ltu;fSk; vOjpa
E}y;fs;> mwpf;iffs;
• tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf ,e;E}y;fspd; gad;fs;

i. njhy;nghUspay; %yhjhuq;fs; :
• gz;ilf; fhyj;Jf;Fupa VLfs;> Vida nghUs;fs; ,jpylq;Fk;.
• ntt;NtW njhy;nghUspay; %yhjhuq;fs;
• njhy;nghUs; %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L tuyhW fl;bnaOg;gg;
gLk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fjy;.

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs;

jpl;lkplg;gl;l ghlj;jpw;F mikaj; Njitahd nghUl;fisj; jahu; nra;J

nfhs;sTk;.

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s;

ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;fisj;

jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

2
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

1.2 tuyhW fw;gjd; ngWkhdj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 01

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• tuyhw;iwf; fw;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

• tho;fi
; fia ntw;wpfukhdjhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tuyhW %yk; ngwj;jf;f
Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj; i jj; jpl; l kpLtjw; f hd mwpTWj; j y; f s; :

1.2 tuyhW fw; g jd; Kf; f paj; J tk; :

• jhk; thOk; r%fk; gw;wpAk; cyfk; gw;wpAk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;.

• fle;j fhyj;jpd; Clhf jw;fhyj;ij tpsq;fp> vjpuf
; hyj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.
• vjpu;fhy jiyikj;JtNkw;wy;.
• Njrpa jdpj;Jtj;ij ,dq;fhzy;.
• Vida gz;ghLfis kjpj;jy;.
• gy;NtW mgpg;guhaq;fis rfpj;jy; / nghWj;jy;
• Njrpa xw;Wikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.
• fhyk;> ntsp vd;gd njhlu;ghd fUj;ij tsu;j;jy;.
• gFj;jwpTr; rpe;jid> tpku;rd rpe;jid tpUj;jp

Nkw;gb ghlg;gFjpfis cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; gpd;tUkhW ghlj;ij jpl;lkpl;Lf;

nfhs;syhk;.

“tuyhW fw;gjd; %yk; vdJ tho;f;iff;fhfg; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfs;” vDk;

jiyg;gpy; nra;jpj;jhnshd;Wf;F fl;Liunahd;W vOJjy;.

• ,jid xU jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• fl;Liu vOJtjw;F NghJkhd fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.
• khztuJ Mf;fq;fSs; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd rpytw;iw njupT nra;J
tFg;G khztu; midtUf;Fk; mtw;iw thrpf;fr; re;;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

3
gpujhd nrhw;fs; / vz;zf;fUf;fs;

• jdpj;Jtk; : jkf;NfAupaitahd gof;ftof;fq;fs;> Milazpfs;> nkhop>

ifj;jpwd; fiyfs; Nghd;wit
• ntsp : thdpiy> fhyepiy> MWfs; mUtpfs; kiyfs;> rkntspfs;>
Kjyhd ngsjpfepiy

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• tuyhW fw;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp vOjg;gl;l E}y;fs;

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s;

• tuyhW fw;gjhy; ngwj;jf;f gad;fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• jkJ tho;;f;ifapd; ntw;wpf;fhf tuyhw;wpypUe;J Kd;khjpupfisg; ngwyhk;
vdf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• fl;Liuiaj; juKilajhfj; jahupg;ghu;
• mwpit VidNahUld; gfpu;e;J nfhs;thu;.
• Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; fl;Liuia xg;gilg;ghu;.

4
 10.2 ,yq; i fapy; FbNaw; w q; f s; jhgpjkhjy;

,w;iwf;F Xupyl;rj;J Kg;gjhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; ,yq;ifapy;

FbNaw;wk; Muk;gpj;jikf;Fr; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd. mt;thwhfj; Njhd;wpa
Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd; jd;ik> guk;gy;> tsu;;r;rp Mfpad njhlu;ghf
jfty;fspNyNa ,e;j myfpy; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

Nju;r;rp

• khdpl tpUj;jpapd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

2.1 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g fhy FbNaw;wq;fspd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fisf; fw;W>

fhyntsp mbg;gilapy; gy;tifikia vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 03

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l kw;Wk; Kd;tuyhw;Wf; fhyq;fis tptupg;ghu;.

• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l kw;Wk; Kd; tuyhw;Wf; fhyf; FbNaw;wq;fisj;
Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l kw;Wk; Kd; tuyhw;Wf; fhyq;fspd; mbg;gil
,ay;Gfis tptupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

10.2. ,yq;ifapy; FbNaw;wq;fs; jhgpjkhjy;

2..1 ,yq;ifapy; Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fs;

tho;fi
; f Kiw> njhopyE ; l;gk; Mfpatw;Wf;fika gpujhdkhf 2 gFjpfshFk;
mjidg; gpd;tUkhW tpgupj;jy;.
.i tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk;
- Ntl;ilahbaik> czT Nrfupj;Jg; gpioj;jy;> Vwj;jho fp.K
125>000 njhlf;fk; fp.K 1800 tiuapyhd fhyk;
i. Kd; tuyhw;Wf; fhyk;
- czT cw;gj;jp nra;J nfhs;sy;. mjhtJ tptrhak;> cNyhfg;
gad;ghL> epue;jukhd FbNaw;wq;fs;> Vwj;jho fp.K 2400 njhlf;fk;
fp.K 450 tiuapyhd fhyk;

5
 • Nkw;gb ,uz;L Afq;fspdJk; rpwg;gpay;G tuyhW njhy;nghUspay;
fhuzpfspd; mbg;gilapy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sikahFk;.

2.1.1 tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk;

• FbNaw;wq;fspd; guk;gy;
• Mjp N`hNkhNrgpadpd; tUif
• ,yq;ifapd; ntt;NtW fhyepiy tyaq;fspy; FbNaw;wg; guk;gy;.

• FbNaw;wq;fspd; mbg;gil ,ay;Gfs;

− FbNaw;wq;fspd; jd;ikia ,uz;L gFjpfshf fhl;lyhk;
.i jpwe;j ntspahd Ntl;ilaplq;fs;
i. ,aw;ifahd fw;Fiffs;

• tho;;f;if Kiw
− ,lk;ngaUk; Ntl;ilf;fhuu;fs;
− miye;J jpupe;J czT Nrfupj;jy;
− rpwpa r%ff; FOf;fshf tho;jy;
− cyu;thd fhyq;fspy; jpwe;j ntspahd ,lq;fspYk; khup /
kiof;fhyq;fspy; fw;FiffspYk; tho;e;jik

• czT Kiw
− Ntl;ilahbj; Njba czT
− fpoq;F tif> jhdpa tif> fhl;L thio> fhl;L <ug;gyh Nghd;w
,aw;ifahf tsu;e;j czTfs;.
− cg;G gad;gLj;jpaik
− czit jPapy; Rl;Lg; gad;gLj;jy;.

• njhopDl;gk;
− kuf;Nfhy;fs;> tpyq;F vd;Gfs;> fw;fs; Nghd;wtw;why; cgfuzq;
fs; nra;jik.
− ntt;NtW nray;fSf;fhf cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpaik
- fpopj;jy;> ntl;Ljy;> erpj;jy;> Njhz;Ljy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhf

• kdpjdpd; clypd; jd;ik

− cauk;> epiw> clypd; ,ay;Gfs;
− MAl;fhyk;

• mgprhu Kiwfs;

6
2.1.2 Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhyf; FbNaw;wq;fs;
• Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhyk; cUthfpaikf;Ff; fhuzq;fs;
− fhyepiyapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;
− rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G
− fp.K 2400 mstpy; ,e;j ,ay;Gfs; Njhd;wpaik

• FbNaw;wq;fspd; jd;ik
− epue;jukhd FbNaw;wq;fSk; thoplq;fSk; cUthf;fg;gl;lik
− tupr;Rr; Rtu; tPLfs; mikf;fg;gl;lik
− tPl;bd; cl;Gwk; gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;lik

• tho;f;if Kiw
− tho;f;if Xu; xOq;fhd jd;ikapy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gly;
− czT cw;gj;jpapy; mjhtJ fkj;njhopypy; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;
gl;lik

• njhopDl;gk;
− cNyhfg; gad;ghL
− fw;fshYk; ,Uk;GfshYk; Mf;fg;gl;l cgufuzq;fspd; gad;ghL
− kl;ghz;lq;fs; Mf;FjYk; g+r;Rg; g+RjYk;
− g+jTly;fisj; jfdQ; nra;J m];jpia kl;ghz;lq;fspy; ,l;L
itj;jy;.

,yf;fpa E}y;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tp[aDk; mtdJ gupthuj; jpdUk;

,yq;ifapy; te;jpwq;fpa NghJ ,e;ehl;by; tho;e;j FNtdp cl;gl RNjr
kf;fs; Kd;tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;Jf;F cupNahuhthu;.

,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;lfhy> Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhy kw;Wk; tuyhw;Wf;fhy

FbNaw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghLfis
,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf fl;Liu vOJjy;.

• ,jid jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhy> Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fs;> tuyhw;Wf;fhy
FbNaw;wq;fspd; mbg;gilahd ,ay;Gfs; vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; fl;Liu
vOJkhW khztu;f;F mwpt+l;Lq;fs;.
• fl;Liuia vOJtjw;fhf Vwj;jho xU thu fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.
• rfy fl;LiufisAk; kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.

7
gpujhd nrhw;fs; / vz;zf;fUf;fs;

• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyk; - vOj;J %yr;; rhd;Wfs; ,y;yhj fhyk;

• Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhyk; - vOj;J %yk; rhd;Wfs; fpilg;gjw;F Kw;gl;l
mz;kpj;jfhyk;
• mgprhu Kiwfs; - gof;f tof;fq;fs;> tof;fhWfs;

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa> Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhyk; gw;wpa glq;fs;> E}y;fs; Nghd;wit

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhy> Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhy kw;Wk; tuyhw;Wf;fhyf;
FbNaw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.
• gz;ila %jhijau; mile;j ntw;wpfis kjpg;ghu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhy> Kd;tuyhw;Wf;fhy> tuyhw;Wf;fhy FbNaw;wq;
fSf;F ,ilapyhd NtWghLfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• fl;Liu vOJk; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplaq;fisg; gpdg
; w;Wthu;.
• cupa fhyj;jpy; Mf;fj;ij epiwT nra;J xg;gilg;ghu;.

8
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;

2.2. rthy; f is vjpu; n fhz; L > ,aw; i fr; #oYld; xd; W fye; J > Gjpa
ehfupfnkhd;W fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l tpjj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 03

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• tuyhw;Wf; fhyk; vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;.

• tuyhw;Wf;; fhyf; FbNaw;wq;fisj; Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;; fhyj;jpy;> nghJkf;fs; rthy;fis ntw;wp nfhz;l tpjj;ij
tptupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

2.2. tuyhw;Wf; fhyk;

,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fshy;; tptupf;fg;gLk; gz;ila fhyk; tuyhw;Wf;fhyk;

vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; fp.K 450 njhlf;fk; fp.gp 300 tiuapyhd
fhyNk tuyhw;Wf; fhykhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

tuyhw;Wf;fhyf; FbNaw;wq;fs;

• FbNaw;wq;fspd; guk;gypd; kPJ gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j fhuzpfs;

− Gtpapay; - ngsjpfg; gpd;dzp
− kio tPo;r;rp
− kz;
− ,aw;if tsq;fs;
− ePu; tbg;G

• FbNaw;wq;fspd; jd;ikAk; mikg;Gk;

− fpuhkpaf; FbNaw;wq;fs;
− efuf; FbNaw;wq;fs;
• Muk;g tuyhw;Wf;fhy FbNaw;wq;fs; ejpff
; iufis mz;ba gpuNjrq;fspy;
gutpaik

9
 • Fsj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L tsu;r ; paile;j fpuhkq;fs; “thgP fpuhkq;fs;”
(Fsf; fpuhkq;fs;) vd ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sik.
• FbNaw;w tiffs;
− ntt;NtW njhopy;fisAk; nray;fisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
fpuhkq;fs; Njhd;wpa tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Fjy;.

• FbNaw;wq;fspd; mikg;G
− nghJthf xU fpuhkj;jpy; Ie;J my;yJ MW FLk;gq;fs; ,Ue;jik>
Vwj;jho Kg;gJ FLk;gq;fisf; nfhz;l ngupa fpuhkq;fSk; fhzg;
gl;lik
− rpy fpuhkq; f s; Fsj; j pdhy; ghJfhf; f g; g l; b Ue; j ik (gupfpj; i j
fpuhkq;fs;)
• efuf; FbNaw;wq;fs; Njhd;wpaik
− efuq;fs; Njhd;wpajd; gpd;dzp
− efuf; FbNaw;wq;fs;
* efuk; vd;gJ jpl;lkplg;gl;l FbNaw;wkhFk;.
cjhuzk; : kd;dd; gz;Lfhgadpd; efuthf;fk;
mEuhjGu efuj;jpl;lk;

• gpiog;G Kiw
− Nkl;Lepyf; fkj;njhopy;> Nrw;Wepyf; fkj;njhopy;

• njhopDl;gk;
− kioePiur; Nrfupg;gjw;fhf Fsq;fs; mikj;jy;
− ePu;g;ghrdf; fhy;tha;fis mikj;jy;

• Muk;g tuyhw;Wf;fhy kf;fs; vjpu;Nehf;fpa rthy;fs;:

− mjpfupf;Fk; rdj;njhiff;F czT cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.
− ePiur; Nru;j;J itj;jYk; tpepNahfpj;jYk;
− nts;sk;
− rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G
− ePu; Kfhik

Nkw;gb ghlg;gFjpfis cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; ,yq;ifg; GwTUtg;glj;jpy; Fwpjj

; y;.

• ,jid xU FOr; nraw;ghlhf elj;Jq;fs;.

• tFg;G khztu;fis FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J xU gpujp tPjk; toq;Ftjw;fhf
NghJkhd njhif ejpfs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifg; GWTUtg;glq;fis
jahu;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
• ,izg;G - 1,y; jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuj;ij FOf;fSf;F toq;fp>
,yq;ifg; GwTUtg;glj;jpy; ,lq;fis Fwpf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

10
gpujhd nrhw;fs; / vz;zf;fUf;fs;

• tuyhw;Wf; fhyk; - vOj;J %y kw;Wk; njhy;nghUspay; fhuzpfs; kPJ

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l fhyk;
• ePu; Kfhikj;Jtk; - fpilf;Fk; ePiur; rpf;fdkhf Kiwikahd jpl;lj;jpd;
gb gfpu;e;J gad;gLj;Jjy;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

,izg;G : 1

nraw;gbtk; : 1

• Kd;tuyhw;W> kw;Wk; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyf; FbNaw;wq;fspd;

guk;giy ,yq;ifg; GwTUtg;glnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
• xU fhyj;Jf;F xU epwk; tPjk; ,uz;L epwq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jf.
• FbNaw;wq;fspd; guk;gy; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

nraw;gbtk; : 2
• tuyhw;Wf; fhyf; FbNaw;wq;fis ,yq;ifg; GwTUtg;glnkhd;wpy;
Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
• FbNaw;wq;fspd; guk;gy; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• ,yq;ifapd;; FbNaw;wq;fisg; ngaupLthu;.

• jiyg;Gf;fSf;fika ,lq;fisg; ngaupLthu;.
• Njrg;glq;fspy; ,lq;fis Fwpg;gjw;fhf cupa Kiwfisf; ifahs;thu;.
• FOTzu;Tld; nraw;gLthu;.
• Kd;te;J nraw;gLthu;.

11
 10.3 ,yq;ifapy; murpay; mjpfhu tsu;r;rp

,yq;ifapy; murpay; mjpfhuk; tsu;r;rpaile;j KjyhtJ re;ju;g;gkhf>

mjpfhukhdJ gpuNjr gpuKfu;fspd; ifapy; gd;Kfg;gl;Lf; fhzg;gl;l
fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mjd;gpd;du; ‘muR’ vDk; mikg;G cUthfpaJ.
mJ xU ePz;l rthy; nfhz;l KiwahFk;. cs;ehl;by; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;
kw;Wk; rUtNjr uPjpahf tzp;fj;Jld; njhlu;Ggl;lik Mfpa fhuzq;fs;
gpujhdkhf mjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpd. mJ njhlu;ghf ,e;j myfpD}lhff;
ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nju;r;rp

ehl;by; murpay; mjpfhu tsu;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fis EZfpaha;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

3.1 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gfhy r%fj;ijr; rkepiyahfg; NgzptUtjw;fhf murpay;

mjpfhuk; ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l tpjj;ijj; Njbawpthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 12

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• murhl;rpapd; mbg;gilia tptupg;ghu;.

• murhl;rp vz;zf;fU> murhl;rp fpilj;jy;> murdpd; nghWg;Gf;fs; Mfpa
tw;iwg; gFj;jhuha;thu;.
• ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gfhy Ml;rpahsu; gw;wpa jfty;fis tptupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

10.3 ,yq;ifapy; murpay; mjpfhu tsu;r;rp

10.3.1 Kd; murhl;rpf; fhyj;ij tpsf;Fjy;.

• murhl;rpahdJ xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l Xu; mikg;ghf cUthtjw;F

Ke;jpa fhyk;
• r%fj;jpd; kpfr;rpwpa myfhfpa FLk;gKk; mjd; jiyikahsu;
‘FUfgjp’

12
 • rpy FLk;gq;fs; Nru;e;jJ> fpuhkk;> mjd; jiyikahsu;> ‘fkpf;fu;’
• rpy fpuhkq;fs; Nru;e;jJ> mjd; jiyikahsu;> ‘gUkfu;’
• ‘gUkfu;’ ,yq;ifapy; murpay; mjpfhuj;jpd; Kjd;ikahd re;ju;g;
gj;ijg; gpujp epjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jjy;.
- Fsj;njhFjpiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; ‘gUkf;fu;’
Njhd;wpaik
- fp.K 900 fspypUe;J ,e;j epiyik tsu;r;rpaile;jik

murhl;rpapd; tsu;r;rpia vLj;Jf;fhl;ly;

• ‘gUkf;fu;’ murd; vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lik
• ‘mur’ ngau; nfhz;l murpay; myFfs; fhzg;gl;lik

3.2 murhl;rpAk; murDk; gw;wp tpgupj;jy;

- murhl;rp vz;zf;fU
- gUkf;fu; muru;
- Nghjprj;Jtu;
- Njtu;
- rf;futu;j;jp
- tPuj;Jtk;

- mur cupik fpilj;j tpjj;ij tpgupj;jy;

- je;ijaplkpUe;J kfDf;F
- rNfhjudplkpUe;J rNfhjuDf;F
- Muk;gfhy Ml;rp epUthfj;ij tpsf;Fjy;
- mjpfhupfs;
- gjtpfs;

3.3 muru;fs;

Nkw;gb tpla cs;slf;fq;fs; mlq;FkhW> Muk;g fhyq;fspy; ehl;il Ml;rp

nra;j muru;fs; njhlu;ghf FW tpdhtpilg; Gj;jfnkhd;W jahupj;jy;.

• ,jid xU jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ghlE}ypypUe;J khj;jpukd;wp NtW %yhjhuq;fspypUe;Jk; jfty;fisg;

ngw topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• FWtpdhtpilg; Gj;jfk; jahupg;gjw;F Nghjpa fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.

• mj;NjhL ,izg;G - 1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s khjpupf;F mika fl;likg;G
tpdhf;fs; jahupj;J mjid khztUf;F toq;fp tpilngWq;fs;.

13
gpujhd nrhw;fs; / vz;zf;fUf;fs;

• fkpf;fu; - rpy FLk;gq;fisf; nfhz;l Cupd; gpujhdp

• gUkf;fu; - rpy fkpf;fu;fSs; gpujhdp
• mjpfhug;gutyhf;fk; : murpay; mjpfhuj;ij me;je;jg; gpuNjrj;ijg; gpujp
epjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; Ml;fsplk; xg;gilj;jy;.
• mjpfhu ikag;gLj;jy;: mjpfhuk; xU jdpahsplj;Nj ikag;gl;Lf; fhzg;gly;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• mDuhjGuk; nghyd;dWitf;fhyk; murpay; njhlu;ghf vOjg;gl;l E}y;fs;>

njhy;nghUspay; fhuzpfs;
• ,izg;G -,y -01 fl;likg;G tpdh jahupg;G vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• mDuhjGuf;fhy> nghyd;dWitf;fhy muru;fs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis

Kd;itg;ghu;.
• ehl;Lf;fhfr; Nrit nra;j muru;fis kjpg;ghu;.
• ghltplaq;fs; ahTk; cs;slq;FkhW tpdhf;fs; jahupg;ghu;.
• ghlE}y;fSld; NtW %yhjhuq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• cupa fhyj;Jf;F epiwT nra;J xg;gilg;ghu;.

,izg;G : 1
fl;likg;G tpdh jahupg;gjw;fhf khjpupnahd;W
1. gz;ila ,yq;ifapd; murpay; mjpfhu tsu;rr ; papdJ KjyhtJ fl;lj;jpd;
mjpfhuk; gutyhf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
.i mjpfhug;gutyhf;fk; vt;thW nra;ag;gl;lJ? (03 Gs;spfs;)
i. mf;fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j gpujhdpfs; ,Utifapdiuf; Fwpg;gpLf
(04 Gs;spfs;)
. mg;gpujhdpfspd; nghWg;G xt;nthd;W tPjk; vOJf.
ii
(05 Gs;spfs;)
iv.mjpfhug;; gutyhf;fk; fhzg;gl;l fhyj;Jf;Fk;> muRf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
NtWghl;il ,uz;L tplaq;fis Kd;itj;J tpsf;Ff.
(06 Gs;spfs;)

14
 10.4 ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk;

xU ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F tpidj;jpwdhd Ml;rp ,d;wpaikahjJ. jdpNa

Ml;rpahsupdhy; kj;jpuk; ehl;il mgptpUj;jp nra;a KbahJ. $lNt
mjDld; ,ize;j epUthf xUq;fikg;Gk; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;ifapy;
gz;ila r%fj;jpy; mtt;hwhd epiyik fhzg;gl;Ls;sikia mwpa
Kbfpd;wJ. ,e;j myfpd; Nehf;fk;> vkJ gz;ila r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l
epUthf xOq;fikg;G> nghUshjhuk;> gz;ghL> ,dq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd
rftho;T Mfpad ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; tpidj;jpwdhd Ml;rpia
elj;Jtjw;Fk; Jzahf mike;j tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;LtjhFk;.

Nju;r;rp

• fle;jfhy mDgtq;fspd; %yk; jw;fhyj;Jf;fhf Kd;khjpupfisg; ngWthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

4.1 ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; epUthf> r%f> nghUshjhu njhopw;ghl;bd; tpidj;

jpwid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 07

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; epUthfj;ijAk; nghUshjhuj;ijAk; tpsf;Fthu;

• ,uhrul;ilr; r%fj;jpd; tpidj;jpwidg; gFj;jhuha;thu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

10.4 ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk;

• eput
; hfk;
- epiwNtw;wjpfhuk;
- rl;lthf;fk;
- ePjpkd;wk;
- ntspehl;Lf;nfhs;if

15
• nghUshjhuk;
gpujhdkhf %d;W mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
.i tptrhak;
i. ifj;njhopy;
iii. tzpfk;

.i tptrhak;
• gpujhd rPtNdhgha top
• tptrhak; %d;W gFjpfspyhdJ
- Nridg; gapu; tsu;g;G (Nkl;L epyg;gug;gpd; tsu;g;G)
- ePu;g;ghrd gapu; tsu;g;G (Nrw;W epyg;gug;gpd; tsu;g;G)
- tpyq;F tsu;g;G

- Nridg; gapu;r; nra;if

- Nridg; gapu; tsu;g;gpd; NghJ #oYf;F ,irthdthW Nrid
jahu;g;gLj;Jjy;.
- nra;if gz;zpa gapu;fs;
- Nridg; gapu; tsu;g;Gf;fhd tup mwtPL

- ePu;g;ghrd gapu;r; nra;if

- gapupLk; tpjk; (nghUj;jkhd fhyj;jpw;F)
- Nghfq;fSf;F mika gapupLjy;
- ePu; ngWjYk; mur mDruizAk;
- tup mwtply;

- tpyq;F tsu;g;G
- nghUshjhuj;jpd; Kf;fpakhdNjhu; ,lk; tpyq;F tsu;;g;Gf;Ff;
fpilj;jik
- tsu;j;j tpyq;Ffs;
- ngw;w gad;fs;

i. ifj;njhopy;fs;;
• gy;NtW ifj;njhopy;fs; fhzg;gl;lik
• ifj;njhopy;rhu;e;j El;g tpidQu;fs;
• ifj;njhopy;fis Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;l fpuhkq;fs;
• ifj;njhopyf
; spy; tpidQu;fs; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf tUjy;.
• ntt;NtW ifj;njhopr; rhu;e;j cgfuzq;fs;.

16
 i tzpfk;
• gpujhdkhf ,uz;L gpupTfs;
− cz;zhl;L tzpfk;
− ntspehl;L tzpfk;

cz; z hl; L tzpfk;

- gz;lg; gupkhw;wk; gutyhf epfo;e;jik
- tzpfj;juq;fs;> tzpf efuq;fs;> tzpff; fpuhkq;fs;> tpahghu
epiyaq;fs; fhzg;gl;lik
- efuq;fis ,izf;Fk; ghijj; njhFjp
- tzpfk; njhlu;ghd mjpfhupfs;
- tzpfr; rl;lq;fs;

ntspehl; L tzpfk;
- ntspthup tzpfj;Jf;fhf ,yq;if miktpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
- ru;tNjr tzpfj;Jld; ,yq;if njhlu;Gw;wik
- tzpfk; nra;j ehLfs;> gz;lq;fs;
- JiwKfq;fs;

• tzpf Clfk;
- gz;lg;gupkhw;wk;
- gzk;

• tup mwtply;

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• jpl;kplg;gl;l ghlj;jpw;F mikaj; Njitahd nghUl;fisj; jahu; nra;J

nfhs;sTk;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy;

epakq;fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

17
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;
10.4.2 ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; kf;fs; tho;f;ifapdhy; gpujpgypf;fg;gLk; tpOkpaq;
fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ijf; fhg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 05

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; gz;ghl;Lj; jfty;fis tptupg;ghu;.

• gz;ila nghJkf;fs; ,dq;fSf;fpilapyhd rftho;Tld; tho;ej ; ikia
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• ey;nyhOf;fk; kw;Wk; ,d rftho;Tf;fhf tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;J Kd;khjpupfs;
ngWthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

4.2.1 gz;ghL
• rkak;
• ngsj;j rkak;
− tptrhak; kf;fs; tho;f;ifAld; ,ize;J fhzg;gl;lik
* mur mDruiz
• Vida rkaq;fs;

• fy;tp
• gd;drhiyAk; gpf;Fkhu; Clhf guk;gpa fy;tpAk;
• gpupntdhf;fy;tp - gy;fiyf;fof kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lik.
• Nrhjplk;> Nghu;f;fiy> thdpay;> jUf;f rh];jpuk;> fzpjk; Nghd;w
ghlq;fSk; fhzg;gl;lik

• ,yf;fpak;
• ghyp> rk];fpUj kw;Wk; rpq;fs ,yf;fpaq;fs;
• ciueil> nra;As; ,yf;fpag;gilg;Gf;fs;
,dq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd rftho;T
• r%fj;jpy; ntt;NtW kf;fspdq;fs; fhzg;gl;likia tpsf;Fjy;
mk;kf;fspdq;fs; ,zf;fj;Jld; nraw;gl;lik
- Ml;rpahsu;fshf
- giltPuu;fshf
- mur mjpfhupfshf
- ngsj;ju;fshf
- jpUkzj; njhlu;Gfs;

18
• Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk; njhlu;ghd
FWtpdhtpilg; Gj;jfnkhd;W jahupj;jy;.
− ,jid jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
− “,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk;” vDk; ghlj;ijj; jOtp FWtpdhf;fisAk;
mt;tpdhf;fSf;Fupa tpilfisAk; cs;slf;fpa rpwpa Gj;jfnkhd;W
jahupf;FkhW mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
− E}iyj; jahupg;gjw;fhf Vwj;jho xUthu fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.
− khztuJ nraw;ghl;il kjpg;gpLq;fs;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• ,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; r%fk; gw;wp vOjg;gl;l E}y;fs;

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.

• ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; gz;ila r%fk; njhlu;ghd rupahd jfty;fisf; nfhz;L
tpdhf;fs; jahupg;ghu;.
• gz;ila r%fj;jpd; ew;gz;Gfis kjpg;ghu;.
• ghlj;jpd; rfy gFjpfSk; cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; tpdhf;fs; jahupg;ghu;.
• cupa Neuj;jpy; xg;gilg;ghu;.

19
 10.5 ,yq; i fapd; Guhjd tpQ; Q hdKk; njhopDl; g Kk;

,aw;ifapd; njhopw;ghl;Lf;F VJthFk; Nfhl;ghLfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJk;

mtw;Wf;Fg; nghUs; tpsf;fkspff ; g;gJk; tpQQ
; hdj;jpd; gzpahFk;. mt;thwhf
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l tpQ;Qhd vz;zf;fUf;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg;
gpuNahfpff
; g;gLk; gpuNahf cj;jpfis njhopDl;gk; vdg;gLfpdw ; J. tpQQ
; hdk;
kw;Wk; njhopDl;gk; vDk; mu;j;jj;jpy; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;l NghjpYk; ngUk;
ghyhd gz;ila r%fq;fs;> ,aw;ifapd; Nfhl;ghLfis tpsq;fp> mtw;iwj;
jkJ ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. mt;thwhd
fUj;Jf;fspd; jd;ik> mtw;iw eilKiwapy; gad;gLj;jpa tpjk; Mfpad
gw;wp tpsf;FtJk; mjd; %yk; vdJ tuyhw;W mUQ;nry;tq;fshff;
fhzg;gLk; tpQ;Qhd njhopDl;g mwpit typAWj;JtJNk ,e;j myfpd;
%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

Nju;r;rp

,yq;ifapd; ngUikia cyfpw;F ntspf;fhl;ba jkJ %jhijau;fspd;

tpQ;Qhd mwpT kw;Wk; njhopDl;g jpwd;fspd; kfpikiaf; fw;W mt;thwhd
jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

5.1 tpQ;Qhdk;> njhopDl;gk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; gpuNahfj;jpy; RNjr jdpj;Jtk;

cz;L vd;gij tpsq;fp; mjidg; gFj;jha;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• gpuNahf tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; Muk;gf; fl;lq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.

• Kd;tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; njhopDl;gk; %yk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;lg;gLk; RNjr jdpj;Jtj;ijg; gFj;jha;thu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

20
10.5 ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd tpQ;QhdKk; njhopDl;gKk;

5.1 gpuNahf tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; Muk;gf; fl;lq;fs;

- tpQ;Qhdk;> njhopDl;gk; Mfpatw;why; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ vd
tpsf;Fjy;.
- jw;NghJ fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sjw;fpzq;f> ,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gl;l
tpQ;Qhdf; fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
gpd;gw;wpa njhopDl;g mZFKiwfs; Mfpatw;wpd; tuyhW fp.K
2000 msT goikahd fhyj;Jf;F cupaitahFk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fjy;.
- Kd; tuyhw;Wf;fhyk; vdTk;> gpuNahf tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; njhlf;ff;fl;lk;
vdTk; mwpKfQ; nra;jy;.
* Kd;tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j tpQ;QhdKk; njhopDl;gKk; gpujp
gypf;fg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs;
- Guhjd fspkz;zhyhd XltbtKila GijFopfs;
- fspkz;zhyhd Rtu;fs; epyj;Jf;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhf mikf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;
- fspkz;zhyhd Rtu;fspd; jbg;Gf;Fk; cauj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
njhlu;G
- nta;apypy; cyu;jj ; pa kz;zhyhd mupfw;fSk;> mf;fw;fisf; nfhz;L
fl;Ltjw;F fspkz;rhe;Jk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;likAk;
- vupjYf;F (jfdj;Jf;F) tsp Njit vd;gJ gw;wp mwpe;jpUe;jik
- tPL fl;Ltjw;fhf fw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpaik
- fw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l tPLfs;
- tidNthd; rpy;Y
- fspkl;ghz;lq;fSf;F epw%l;ly;
- Kd;tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l tpQ;Qhdk;> njhopDl;gk; %yk;
RNjr jdpj;Jtk; gpujpgypf;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Fjy;.

“jkJ %jhijaupd; tpQQ ; hd mwpTk; njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fSk;” vDk; jiyg;gpy;

nra;jpj;jhnshd;Wf;F fl;Liu vOJjy;.

• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhy tpQ;Qhd mwpT kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; gad;ghL gw;wp

khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
• ghlj;jpd; ,Wjpapy;> vkJ %jhijaupd; tpQ;Qhd mwpTk; njhopDl;gj;
jpwd;fSk; vDk; jiyg;gpy; nra;jpj;jhnshd;wpy; nghUj;jkhd xU fl;Liu
jahupf;f mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
• mf;fl;Liu Mf;fg+u;tkhd tifapy; jahpg;gjw;fhf glq;fs;> rpj;jpuq;fs;>
xspg;glq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; gad;gLj;JkhW mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
• nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf Nghjpa fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.

21
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

fzpgg
; L
P > kjpgg
; l
P i
; lg; gw;wp gpdt
; Uk; epakq;fspdg
; b elj;Jq;fs;

• Kd;tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;ijr; Nru;ej; tpQQ; hdk;> njhopDl;gk; Mfpatw;iw tptupgg; hu;.

• Kd; tuyhw;Wf;fhyj;ijr; Nru;ej ; tpQQ; hdk;> njhopDl;gk; Mfpatw;wpd; RNjr
jdpjJ; tj;ij kjpgg; hu;.
• nra;jpjj
; hs; fl;Liu tbtpy; Mf;fj;ijj; jahupgg ; hu;
• fl;Liuia Mf;fg+u;tkhfj; jahupgg ; hu;.
• Fwpjj
; jpdj;jpy; xg;gilg;ghu;.

22
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;

5.2 tuyhw;W Afj;jpw;F cupa tpQ;Qhd> njhopDl;g mwpT Kiwikfspd;

mUQ;nry;tq;fisf; fhj;J mt;thwhd jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 16

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpd; tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; njhopDl;gg; gad;ghl;ilAk; mjd;

Kjpu;r;rpiaAk; gFj;jha;thu;.
• tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j tpQ;Qhd> njhopDl;g> mwpit tptupg;ghu;.
• ntt;NtW Jiwfs; njhlu;ghf gz;ila kf;fs; trkpUe;j mwpTg;
nghf;fprq;fisj; jw;fhy kf;fs; jkJ tho;fi; fia ntw;wpfukhdjhf;fpf;
nfhs;tjw;Fg;; gad;gLj;jf;$ba Kiwia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

5.2 tpQ;Qhd gpuNahf Kjpu;r;rpia tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpw;fikaf; fye;

JiuahLf.
- tuyhw;Wf;fhy gz;ila kdpjd; gad;gLj;Jk; njhopDl;gj;ijAk;>
tpQ;Qhd mwpitAk; ntspf;nfhzUk; tifapy; fye;JiuahLjy;.
gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fspd; fPo; cjhuzq;fis Kd;itf;Ff.
• ePuK
; fhik
- fypq;fj; njhl;b cl;gl Fsj;Jld; ,ize;j njhopDl;gk;
- fhy;tha; mikg;Gj; njhopDl;gk; ,yq;if ePu;g;ghrdj; njhopDl;gk;
- rpfpupah ePu;g; g+q;fh

- fl;llf;fiy
- fl;ll epu;khzk;
- rpw;gq;fSk; nrJf;F Ntiyg;ghLfSk;
- efuthf;fk;
- g+q;fhthf;fk;

- cldyg;ghJfhg;G> Rfhjhu> kUj;JtKiwfs;

- fopTg;nghUs; Kfhik
- kyry$lg; gad;ghL
- rj;jpurpfpr;ir cgfuzq;fs;> xslj Xlk; (kUe;J Xlk;)
- itj;jparhiyfs;
- kUj;Jt E}y;fs;

23
 - rpW ifj;njhopy;fs;
- cNyhff; ifj;njhopy;
- gy;NtW tif Mgfuzq;fs; nra;jy;
- Glf;Fifg; gad;ghL %yk; Mguzk; jahupj;jy;
- kl;ghz;lf; ifj;njhopy;
- tidNthd; rpy;ypd; njhopw;ghL
- ,uj;jpdf; fy; ifj;njhopy;
- nfhy;yu; gl;liwj;njhopy;
- CJUj;jp nraw;gLk; tpjk;
- mgprhu Kiwfs;
- khe;jpuPf Kiwfs;
- RNjr mwpT

- tuyhw;Wf;fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j tpQ;Qhd> njhopDl;g mwpTj; njhFjp

fspd; RNjr jdpj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs;

• jpl;kplg;gl;l ghlj;jpw;F mikaj; Njitahd nghUl;fisj; jahu; nra;J

nfhs;sTk;.

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Ff.

24
 10.6. tuyhw; W mwpTk; mjd; eilKiwg; gpujpaP L k;

ve;jnthU r%fKk; mwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl rkdpiyapy; fhzg;

gLk;. mr;r%fk; mike;Js;s ,aw;ifr; #oYf;Fk; mjw;F mikthf
thOk; NghJ cUthFk; gz;Gf;Fk; ,irthd tifapNyNa mt;twpT
fl;bnaOg;gg; gLk;. vdNt cynfq;Fk; gutpAs;s r%fq;fspy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
NtWgl;l mwpTj;njhFjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mt;ntht;Nthu; mwpTj;
njhFjpAk;> mJ rhu;e;Js;s r%fj;jpd; cw;gj;jp tpidj;jpwidAk;>Ngz;jF
,Ug;igAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk;. ahNjDk; r%fj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; mwpT
njhlu;ghd fl;likg;ghdJ gy;NtW ntl;LKfq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jkJ
r%fj;ij xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd ngWkhdq;fs;> nghUsh
jhu gupkhw;wq;fis xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd eilKiwg;
gbKiwfspd; ngWkhdq;fs;> ek;gpf;iffs; Nghd;wit mtw;Ws; rpythFk;.
tuyhw;Wr; r%fj;jpdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l> mt;thwhd mwpTf; fl;likg;
Gf;fs; jw;fhy r%fj;Jf;Ff;$l mDgtq;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. ,JNt
gz;ghl;L mUQ;nry;tk; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapd; gz;ghl;L mUQ;
nry;tq;fisr; Nru;e;j njupT nra;ag;gl;l MW vz;zf;fUf;fs; njhlu;ghf
khztuplj;Nj czu;it Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; tuyhw;W mwpTila gpuir
fis cUthf;Ftjd; Kjd;ikahd mbj;jsj;ij mikf;Fk; Nehf;FlNdNa
,g;ghlk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd r%f xOq;fikg;G>
rl;lKk; ghuk;gupaKk;> gzKk; nryhtzpAk;> #oy;; ghJfhg;Gk; ngz;fspd;
gq;fspg;Gk;> RNjr czT Mfpad ,e;j vz;zf;fUf;fspy; mlq;fpAs;sd.

Nju;r;rp

,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;W kf;fl; r%fj;jpdhy; fpilf;fg;ngw;w J}uNehf;F kw;Wk;

ghuk;gupaq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jpidg; ngw;W mtw;wpidj; jkJ tho;fi
; fia
newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

vkJ %jhijau;fs; Clhf vkf;F cupj;jhd r%f J}uNehf;F kw;Wk;

nghJ tof;fhWfis> mu;jj ; Ks;s r%fnkhd;wpidf; fl;bnaOg;gg; gpuNahfpf;
fj;jf;f tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 10

25
fw; w w; N gWfs;
• tuyhw;W kf;fl; r%fj;jpd; Clhff; fpilj;j r%f Nehf;F kw;Wk; nghJ
tof;fhWfis tpsf;Fthu;.
• r%f Nehf;ifAk;> nghJ tof;fhWfisAk; eilKiwapy; gpujpaPL nra;j
tpjj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
• jw;fhyj;jpy; mu;j;j G\;bahd r%fnkhd;wpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf
tuyhw;W mwpitg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

10.6 - tuyhw;W mwpTk; mjd; eilKiwg; gpujpaPLk;.

10.6.1 r%f mikg;Gf;fs;

- r%f mikg;Gf;fs; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
- r%fj;jpy; thOk; jdpahs;fSf;Fk; FOf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk;
njhlu;Gfspd; jd;ik

- r%f xOq;fikg;gpd; mtrpak;

- ntw;wpfukhd mikjpNgZk; r%fnkhd;wpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.

- r%f mikg;nghd;wpd; gpujhd ,ay;Gfs;

- r%fj;jpy; Ml;fSf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;Gfspd; xOq;FKiw
- epiyf;Fj;jhd mLf;fikg;Gk;
fpilahd mLf;fikg;Gk;

26
 - gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gl;l r%f mikg;gpd; jd;ikiag;
gpd;tUk; khjpup %yk; tpsf;Ff.

murd;

mur
cw;gj;jpfis mjpfhupfs;> ngsj;j
Efu;Nthu; rq;fj;jpdu;
rhjhuz mur mjpfhupfSk;
rhjhuz tpahghupfSk;

ruhrupahd kf;fs; (tptrhapfs;

ifj;jpwdhspfs;
cw;gj;jpapy;
gq;fspg;Gr; Ntl;ilf;fhuu;> ,ilau;)
nra;;Nthu;
Ntiyahl;fs;

• r%f xOq;fikg;gpd; cr;rpapy; murd;

• ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy;> ngsj;j rq;fj;jpdu; mur cau; mjpfhupfs;>
gpuGf;fs; (jdte;j tu;j;jfu;fs;> itj;jpau;fs;> Mrpupau;)
• murpd; cau; kl;lj;jpdUf;Fk; rhuhjz kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlu;igf;
fl;bnaOg;gpa ,ilepiyg; gpuptpdu;
• ruhrup kf;fSk; mjpYk; fPo;kl;l Ntiyahl;fSk;

- r%f mLf;fikg;gpd; me;je;jf; FOtpd; nghWg;Gf;fSk; ew;r%fnkhd;

wpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; mf;FOf;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j tpjKk;.
- Guhjd r%f xOq;fikg;gpd; %yk; jw;fhyj;Jf;fhf ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfs;

6.2 rl; l Kk; rk; g pujhaq; f Sk;

- rl;lk;> rk;gpujhak; vd;gtw;iw tpsf;Fq;fs;
- rl;lq;fs;> rk;gpujhaq;fspd; Njitia tpsf;Fq;fs;
- ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd Afj;ijr; Nru;e;j rl;ljpl;lq;fs;
- ePjpkd;wj; njhFjpfs;
- Rw;whly; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;ljpl;lq;fs;
- tptrha eltbf;iffSf;Fupa rl;ljpl;lq;fs;
- nfhiy> fsT njhlu;ghd rl;ljpl;lq;fs;

- Guhjd rl;lq;fSk;> rk;gpujhaq;fSk; ew;r%fnkhd;wpid fl;bnaOg;g

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ij tpsf;Ff.

27
6.3 gzKk; nryhtzpAk;
- gzk;> nryhtzp vd;gtw;iw tpsf;Fjy;
- ehzag; gad;ghl;bd; Muk;gk;
- gz;ila ehzaq;fs;
- tq;fp Kiw
- cNyhfj;jpd; epiwia nryhtzp myfhff; nfhz;lik

6.4 ngz; f spd; gq; f spg; G

- gz;ila r%fj;jpy;; ngz;fspd; fUkq;fs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
- ngz;fis cau;thf kjpj;jYk; nfsutpj;jYk;
- murpfshf> jiytpfshf ,Ue;j ngz;fs;
- ngz;fspd; mu;g;gzpg;G

6.5 #oiyf; fhj;jy;

- #oiyf; fhg;gjd; mtrpak;
- #oy; fhg;G Kiwfs;
- jw;fhy #ow;fhg;Gf;fhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;l Kiwfs; gw;wp tpsf;Fq;fs;
- jw;fhyj;jpy; Rw;whlw; fhg;Gf;fhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfs;
* gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; ifahz;l Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G Kiwfisj; jw;fhyj;
Jf;fhf nghUj;jkhdjhf;fpf; nfhs;sj;jf;f tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

6.6 RNjr czTfs

czTfs;
- jhdpa tiffs;
- $o; / fQ;rp
- fpoq;F tif
- fha;fwpfs;> gotiffs;
- MNuhf;fpa tho;f;iff;Fk;> czTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G
- cztpd; Nghrizg; gz;Gfs; Fwpj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.
- Neha;fSf;F Mshtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf gz;ila czT Kiwfs;
%yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs;

jpl;lkplg;gl;l ghlj;Jf;F mikaj; Njitahad nghUl;fisj; jahu; nra;J
nfhs;sTk;.

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

28
 10.7. cyu; tya gz;ila ehfupfq;fspd; tPo;r;rp

me;je;jf; fhyg;gFjpfspy; ehl;bd; cs;thup kw;Wk; ntspthup NjitfisAk;

mtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd trjpfisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L>
ehl;by; efuq;fs; Njhd;WtJk; gpd; tPor
; r
; pailtJk; epfOtJz;L. ,yq;if
cyu; tyaj;jpy; efuq;fs; Njhd;Wjy;> mit tPo;r;rpailjy;> gbg;gbahf
<utyaj;ij Nehf;fp efuq;fs; ngau;ej; ik Mfpatw;iw Nkw;gb tplaq;fspd;
Clhfg; gFj;jha;jNy ,e;j myfpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

Nju;r;rp

,uhrul;il ehfupfj;jpd; jsu;rr

; pAk; tPor
; r
; pAk; fhuzkhf r%fj;jpd; gy;NtWgl;l
Jiwfspy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fisg; gFj;jha;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

7.1 ePz;l fhykhfr; nraw;gl;l ,uhrul;il ,uhrjhdp tPo;r;rpaile;j> mjw;F

mbg;gilahf mike;j fhuzpfis Nfhitg;gLj;jp> epiyNgwhfg; Ngzpr;
nry;tjw;F mtrpakhd fhuzpfisj; jpul;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 01

fw;ww;NgWfs
gWfs;

• efuq;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.

• cyu; tya gz;ila efuq;fs; tPor ; r
; paile;jikf;F fhuzq; fhl;Lthu;.
• ,uhr;rpaq;fs; epiyj;J epw;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fisg; gFj;jha;thu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

10.7. cyu; tya gz;ila efuq;fspd; tPo;r;rp

7.1.1 efuq;fs; cUthjy; - KjyhtJ efukakhf;fy;
cyu;tyaj;jpy; efuq;fs; cUthtjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j fhuzq;
fis gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; fye;JiuahLf.
- cs; ehl;by; cw;gj;jp tpidj;jpwdhf epfo;e;jik
- cs; ehl;L> ntspehl;L tzpfk;

29
 7.1.2 gz;ila efuq;fspd; tPo;r;rp
- efuq;fs; Njhd;WtjpYk; tsu;r;rpailtjpYk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j
fhuzpfisg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; JizAld; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
- tzpf khu;f;fq;fs; khw;wkile;jik
- tzpf cupik njhlu;ghf ehLfSf;fpilapyhd Nghl;b
- mz;il ehLfspd; murpayjpfhug; guk;gy;

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs
fs;

• ghlj; J f; F g; nghUj; j khdthW jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fisj; jahupj; J f;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

30
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;

7.2 Ml;rp ikaq;fs; khw;wkile;j FWfpa fhyg;gFjpfspy; $l ,e;ehl;bdJ

rpwe;j Ml;rpahsu;fspdhy; ehl;bd; epiyahd jd;ik ghJfhf;fg;gl;l tpjj;ij
tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• Ml;rp ikaq;fs; khw;wkile;jikapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa fhuzpfisg;

gFj;jhuha;thu;.
• epiyahfg; Ngzg;gl;l muRfs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.
• tuyhw;W ,lq;fis ,yq;ifg; Gwtupg;glj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

7.2 ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy

y;
- ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; mwpKfk;
- Njhd;wpa gpujhd efuq;fs;
- jk;gnjdpah
- ahg;gFit
- FUzhfy;
- fk;gis
- Nfhl;Nl
- aho;g;ghzKk; td;dpahu;fSk;

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs;

• ghlj; J f; F g; nghUj; j khdthW jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fisj; jahupj; J f;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs

s;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

31
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;

7.3 Ml;rp ikaq;fs; khw;wkile;jikahy; nghUshjhuKk;; gz;ghLk; khw;w

kile;j tpjj;ijj; Njbawpthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; fhyj;jpd; nghUshjhuf; Nfhyj;ij tptupg;ghu;.

• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; fhyj;jpd; gz;ghl;L eltbf;iffis tpsf;Fthu;.
• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; nghUshjhuKk; gz;ghLk; khw;wkiltjpy;;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa fhuzq;fis tpgupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

7.3.1 nghUshjhu Kiw

- tptrha eltbf;iffSf;fhd kioePiug; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
- tu;j;jfg; gapu;fspd;ghy; Mu;tk; fhl;lg;gl;likapy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpa fhuzpfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

7.3.2 rkak;
- ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;ff; fhyj;jpw; fhzg;gl;l rkaq;fs;
- rkak; rhu;e;j NritfSf;fhf gpuGj;Jtf; FLk;gq;fs; Kd;te;J
nraw;gl;lik

7.3.3 fiyAk; fl;llf; fiyAk;

- njd;dpe;jpa fl;ll epu;khzf; fiyapd; nry;thf;F fhzg;gLjy;.

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs;

• ghlj; J f; F g; nghUj; j khdthW jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fisj; jahupj; J f;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s

s;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

32
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;

7.4 ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;ff; fhyj;jpy; ,yf;fpaj;Jiwapy; Vw;gl;l tpUj;jpapidf;

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 01
fw;ww;NgWfs;
• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; fhyj;jpd; ,yf;fpaj; jfty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
• ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tpUj;jpf;Fk; kyu;r;rpf;Fk; fhuzq;fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

7.4 ,yf;fpak;
- J}J ,yf;fpaq;fs;
J}J ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;gij cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Ff.
- fy;tp epiyaq;fs; Njhd;wpaik
- nghJkf;fspYk; Jwtwk; g+z;NlhupYk; fy;tpkhd;fs; ,Ue;jik
- ,yf;fpak; tpUj;jpaile;jik
,yf;fpa gilg;ghsu;fspd; gq;fspg;ig tpsf;Ff.

• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; njhlu;ghf> ml;ltiznahd;W g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.

• ,izg;G ,y- 01 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz khjpupiaf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOjp mjidj; jkJ gapwr ; pgG
; j;jfj;jpy; gpujpnra;J nfhs;sr; khztUf;F
re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.
• ghlE}iyAk; NtW nghUj; j khd %yhjhuq; f isAk; gad; g Lj; j p
ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;a topg;gLj;Jjy;.
• nraw;ghl;ilg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf xU ehs; mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs

s;

gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPl;il> kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.

• ,uz;lhk; efukakhf;fy; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• Ml;rpahsu;fspd; Nkd;ikia kjpg;ghu;.
• rupahd jfty;fis ml;ltizapy; cupa fl;lq;fspy; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
• ntt;NtW %yhjhuq;fis crhTthu;.
• nraw;ghl;ilg; g+u;j;jp nra;J Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; xg;gilg;ghu;.

33
 ,izg;G : 1
ml;ltiz

jk;gnjdpah

aho;gg; hzk;
FUzhfy;
ahg;gFdt

td;dpAk;
Nfhl;il
fk;gis
fhuzp

1. efuk; fl;bnaOg;gg; gl;likf;fhd

fhuzk;

2. Muk;gfhy Ml;rpahsu;;

3. jiyrpwe;j Ml;rpahsu;;
34

4. Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs;

5. nghUshjhu
eltbf;iffs;

6. fl;llq;fs;

7. fy;tpkhd;fs;

8. E}y;fs;;
 10.8. fz; b ,uhrjhdp

nrq;flfy efuj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L Muk;gpj;j fz;b ,uhrjhdpf;F

mjd; ,aw;if mikT ghJfhg;G toq;fpaJ. ,aw;if vopy; kpf;f ,J
Fspuhd fhyepiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. %d;W E}w;whz;L fhy tuyhw;W
rpwg;Gf;Fupa ,J RahjPdkhd xU Ml;rp myfhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if
tuyhw;wpd; ,Wjp ,uhrjhdpahfpa fz;b ,uhjhdpapd; Muk;gk;> guk;gy;>
epUthf mikg;G> nghUshjhu> r%f mikg;G Mfpad gw;wp ,e;j myfpy;
ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nju;r;rp

,yq;if muru;fspd; Nkd;ikia kjpjJ

; RNjr mUQ;nry;tq;fisg; ghJfhf;f
Kidthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

8.1 fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; Muk;gk; kw;Wk; guk;gy; gw;wpa jfty;fisj; Njbawpthu;.

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; Muk;gj;ijAk; guk;giyAk; tptupg;ghu;.

• fz;b ,uhrjhdp muru;fspd; Nkd;ikia tpsf;Fthu;.
• fz;b ,uhjrjhdpapd; RahjPdk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

8. fz;b ,uhrjhdp
8.1 Muk;gKk; guk;gYk;
- fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; mikT
- fz;biaj; jiyefukhfj; njupT nra;jik
- fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; guk;giy gpdt
; Uk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; tptupfF
; f.
- fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; jdpj;Jtj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf> mtu;fs;
nraw;gl;l tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff.
- 1521 ,d; gpd;du; kiy ehl;L murpd; mjpfhuk; tsu;r;rp
ngw;wik
- Kjyhk; tpkuju;k#upa kd;dd;
- nrduj; kd;dd;

35
 - ,uz;lhk; ,uh[rpq;f kd;dd;
- ,uz;lhk; tpkyju;k#upa kd;dd;
- = tPu guhf;fpuk eNue;jpurpq;f kd;dd;
- Gjpa mur guk;giuapd; Muk;gKk; muru;fSk;

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• ghlj; J f; F g; nghUj; j khdthW jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fisj; jahupj; J f;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;

36
Nju;r;rp kl;lk
k;

8.2
fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; epUthff; fl;likg;ghdJ rkfhy> r%f> nghUshjhu
nraw;ghLfspd; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;ghl;by; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j tpjj;jpid
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• fz;b ,uhrjhdpap;d; epUthf Kiwapidg; gFj;jha;thu;.

• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; gpuhe;jpag; gpupTfisj; Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
• epUthf xOq;fikg;ghdJ> r%f> nghUshjhu tpidj;jpwd; kPJ gq;fspgG ; r;
nra;j tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

8.2 epUthf xOq;fikg;G

gpd;tUk; khjpupiag; gad;gLj;jp kiyehl;L ,uhrjhdpapd; epUthf
xOq;fikg;ig tpsf;Ff.
- epUthf mikg;G

murd;

kfh mjpfhuk;

epUthf eltbf;iffSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd gpujhd ehd;F gpupTfs;

ul;ltrk gj; N j kfhthry tpfhiur; nrhj;Jf;fs; -

tupNrfupj;jy; murpd; muz;kid tpfhiur; nrhj;Jf;fs;
eltbf;iffs; eltbf;iffs; njhlu;ghd eltbf;iffs;

jPrhtdp ul;il

Nfhuis

gj;J

fk/ Cu;

37
epUthfk; njhlu;ghd fUkq;fisg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

murdpd; mjpfhuq;fs;

• kiyehl;L murpd; epfupy;yh Ml;rpahsd;

• rfy fhzpfsJk; cupik murDf;F cupaJ
• rl;lk;> epu;thfk;> ePjp njhlu;ghd mjpfhuq;fs;
• mikr;ruitapdJk; ngsj;j gpfF ; fspdJk; MNyhridg;gb ehl;il Ml;rp
nra;jy;.

- “kfh mjpfhuk;”
- murDf;F khj;jpuk; ,uz;lhktuhjy;
- nghJthf ,uz;L kfh mjpfhuk;khu; ,Uj;jy;

- epUthfg; gzpfSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd gpujhd gpupTfs;

• ul;l trk;
- fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; efuj; jpl;lj;ijAk; fpuhkj; jpl;lj;ijAk; gpd;tUk;
tplaq;fspd; fPo; tpgupAq;fs;.
- efu mikg;Gk; fpuhk xOq;fikg;Gk;
- epUthfj;ij ,yFthf;Ftjw;fhf 21 gpuNjrq;fshfg; gpupff; g;gl;bUe;jik
- 12 jprhtdpfs; jiyefUf;Fj; njhiytpy; mike;Js;s gpuNjrq;fis
epUtfpj;jy;
- gpujhdpfs; - jprhitkhu;
- jprhtdp - Nfhuis - gj;J (rpy fpuhkq;fs;) fpuhkk; / Cu;
- ul;ilfs; 9 (jiyefiu mz;kpj;j gFjpfs;)
- gpujhdpfs; - ul;Nl k`j;jahf;fs;
- gj;Nj - jpizf;fsq;fs;
- tupNrfupg;G mjpfhupfs;
- tup tiffs;
- kfhthry
- muz;kid eltbf;iffs;
- ghJfhtyhsu;> jpiwNrup> Aj;j> mur fsQ;rparhiy> mur muz;
kidf;Fj; Njitahd Nritfs;> muRfspd; jdpg;gl;l RfNghf
eltbf;iffs;
- tpfhiur; nrhj;Jf;fs;
- tpfhiur; nrhj;J eltbf;iffs;
- tpfhiur; nrhj;Jf;fisg; guhkupj;jy;
- topghLfis xOq;F nra;jy;
- Cu;tyq;fs; elj;Jjy; (ngu`uhf;fs;)

38
 - ePjpkd;w eltbf;iffs;
- ePjpkd;w mjpfhuq;fs; ngUk;ghyhf muridr; rhu;ej; jhf fhzg;gl;lik
- muru; jPu;j;J itj;j tof;Ffs;
- cau;ePjpkd;wk; (kf eLt)
- ePjpgjpfs;
- jprhtdp> ul;il> Nfhuis> gj;J> fk (fpuhk Cu;) rhu;e;j tof;Ffs;
mt;ttw;Wf;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhupfshy; jPu;f;fg;gl;lik
- jz;lid Kiwfs;

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs
fs;

• ghlj; J f; F g; nghUj; j khdthW jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fisj; jahupj; J f;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;

39
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

8.3 fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; kf;fs; tho;fi

; fia tprhupj;jwpe;J mjpy; ntspf;fhl;lg;
gLk; tpOkpaq;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; nghUshjhu Kiwia tpsf;Fthu;.

• fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; r%f xOq;fikg;ig tptupg;ghu;.
• ey;nyhOf;fkpf;f r%fnkhd;wpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F fz;bf;fhyj;
jpypUe;J ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

8.3.1 nghUshjhu Kiw

- Efu;it mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l jd;dpiwTg; nghUshjhu Kiw
fhzg;gl;lik
- tptrhak;
- new;nra;if
- gapu;r;nra;if Kiwfs;
- Nridg; gapu;;r; nra;if
- nra;if gz;zpa gap;u;fs;
- tPl;Lj;Njhl;lr; nra;if
- nra;if gz;zpa gapu;fs;
- tpyq;F tsu;g;G

- ifj;njhopy;fs;
- ehshe;j tho;fi
; ff;Fj; Njitahd ghtidg;nghUs; cw;gj;jp
- ifj;jpwd;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ifj;njhopy;fs;
- me;je;jf; ifj;njhopy;fSf;Fupa gpuNjrq;fs; fhzg;gl;lik

40
Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW fPNo cs;s ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;a
khztiu topg;gLj;Jf.

• ,jid xU jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ,izg;G - 01 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz khjpupiaf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOjpa gpd;du; mjidj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujp nra;J nfhs;SkhW
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
• ghlE}iyj; Jizahff; nfhz;L ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;a topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
• khztuJ nraw;ghl;bd; ,Wjpapy;> tFg;G khztUld; fye;JiuahbathW
Rz;zg;gyifapy; cs;s ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

• ,izg;G : 1

Nr
g i
nr ap dg
a;i ;
nr n e w
f

a u; r; ;
;i
f
njhopy;fs;

nra;if;

tPl;Lj;

fz;bf;fhyg;
ifj;

Njhl;lr;;

nghUshjhu
Kiw
t ;
t pyq pyg ;if
s ;F ;L e
u;g l ra
;G Nk pu;r;n
ga

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL - kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.

• fz;bf;fhy nghUshjhu Kiwia tpsf;Fthu;.

• fz;bf;fhy nghUshjhuj;Jf;F mika ml;ltizia g+u;j;jp nra;thu;.
• fz;bf;fhy nghUshjhuj;jpd; %yk;> jw;fhyg; nghUshjhuj;Jf;fhfg; ngwj;jf;f
khjpupfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• ml;ltiziar; rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;thu;.
• xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gLthu;.

41
 8.3.2 r%f xOq;fikg;G
fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; r%f xOq;fikg;igg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd;
JizAld; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
- fhzpfis Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;L r%fk; xOq;fikf;fg;
gl;bUe;jik
- rfy fhzpfsJk; cupik murDf;F cupajhf ,Ue;jik
- fhzp cupikfisAk; mDgtpg;igAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
fhzpfs; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jik
gpd;tUk; fhzp tifffis mwpKfk; nra;J tpsf;Fq;fs;.
- fghlfk;
- epe;jfk;
- tpfhiu kw;Wk; Njthyfk;
- guNtdp

• fpuhkpa r%fk;
xOf;fkpf;f kf;fl; r%fk; fhzg;gl;likiag; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd;
%yk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
- gu];guk; xj;Jiog;G fhuzkhfg; nghUshjhuj; jd;dpiwthd fpuhkpa
r%fk; cUthfpapUe;jik
- gjtpfSk; [PtNdhghaKk; rhjp mbg;gilapy; mike;jpUe;jik
- jpUkz Kiwfs;
- FLk;gk; - gpujhd r%f myfhff; fhzg;gl;lik
- gpjh Kjd;ikr; r%fk;
- fz;b kf;fl; r%fj;jpd; %yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis ntspf;
nfhzuj;jf;fthW fye;JiuahLf.
- gd;drhiy - rka ikak;> fy;tp ikak; kw;Wk; r%fNrit ika
khff; fhzg;gl;lik

fz;b ,uhrjhdpapd; r%f xOq;fikg;G njhlu;ghf nra;jpj;jhnshd;Wf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd fl;Liunahd;W jahupj;jy;.

• ,jidj; jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• fz;bf;fhy r%f xOq;fikg;G njhlu;ghf nra;jpj;jhnshd;Wf;F mDg;G
tjw;fhf fl;Liunahd;W vOJkhW khztUf;F mwpt+l;ly; nra;Aq;fs;.
• fl;Liuahf;fj;jpd; NghJ glq;fis cs;slf;fp Mf;fg+u;tkhfj; jahupf;Fk;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
• nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf Vwj;jho xU thu fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.
• rfy nraw;ghLfisAk; kjpAq;fs;.

42
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs
s;
gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL - kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.

• fz;bf;fhy r%f xOq;fikg;G gw;wpa jfty;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• r%f xOq;fikg;gpd; %yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• r%f xOq;fikg;Gfs; njhlu;ghd rupahd jfty;fis cs;slf;fp> nra;jpj;
jhnshd;Wf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fl;Liuiaj; jahupg;ghu;.
• Mf;fg+u;tkhd tifapy; nraw;ghl;ilg; g+u;j;jp nra;thu;.
• Fwpj;j fhyj;Js; xg;gilg;ghu;.

43
 1 0.9. INuhg; g pa kWkyu; r ; r p

INuhg;ghtpd; etPd Afj;ijf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; tuyhw;W epfo;T jhd;

kWkyu;r;rpahFk;. kWkyu;r;rp Vw;gl;l tpjk; cyfpd; kPJk; ,yq;if kPJk;
mjd; nry;thf;F Mfpad Fwpj;J ,e;j myfpy; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nju;r;rp

tuyhw;W uPjpahd cyfg; Nghf;Ffs; ,e;ehl;L tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;

fis tprhupj;jwpe;J jkJ mUQ;nry;tj;ijAk; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; ghJfhj;J>
cyfpd; Nghf;Ffis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; typikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk
k;

9.1 INuhg;ghtpy; Vw;gl;l kWkyu;r;rpf;fhd tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia EZfp

Nehf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• kWkyu;r;rp vd;gijg; gFj;jha;thu;.

• kWkyu;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzq;fhl;Lthu;.
• INuhg;ghtpdJ khw;wj;jpd; kPJ kWkyu;rr
; p nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ij
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

10.9. INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rp

9.1 kWkyu;r;rp mwpKfk;
- INuhg;ghtpy; fhzg;gl;l epykhdpa r%f Kiwf;Fg; gjpyhf
gz;ila fpNuf;f - cNuhk ehfupfq;fspd; nry;thf;F fpilj;jik
- 15 Mk; 16 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; INuhg;ghtpd; murpay; nghUshjhu>
rkak;> ,yf;fpak; ifj;jpwd; fiyfs;> tpQ;Qhdk; Mfpa rfy
JiwfspYk; Vw;gl;l kyu;r;rp
- kWkyu;r;rpf;F VJthd fhuzpfisg; gpd;tUk; fUkq;fspd; fPo;
tptupAq;fs;.
- JUf;fpau;fs; nfhd;Rje;jpNdhgpisf; ifg;gw;wpaik
- tzpfk; tpUj;jpaile;jik
- mwpT tsu;r;rp

44
 • INuhg;ghtpd; khw;wj;jpd; kPJ kWkyu;rr
; papd; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa
tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff.
• mwpTrhu; kWkyu;r;rp
- ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp
- khDltpay;
- ifj;jpwd; fiyfs;

• murpay; kWkyu;r;rp
- Njrpa muRfs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wik
- kj;jpaju tFg;gpdupd; vOr;rp

• nghUshjhu kWkyu;r;rp
- tzpf tsu;r;rpAk; gzg; gad;ghLk;

• tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndw;wk;
- fy;tpkhd;fs; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspd;ghy; ftdk; nrYj;jpaik
- mfpyk; njhlu;ghd Gjpa fUj;Jf;fs;
- tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndw;wk;

• Gjpa tu;j;jfg; ghijfs; fz;lwpag;gl;lik

- ehLfs; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lik

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs
fs;

• ghlj; J f; F g; nghUj; j khdthW jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fisj; jahupj; J f;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s;

• ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;

fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;

45
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k;

9.2 INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpahdJ ,yq;if kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ij

EZfpaha;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww;NgWfs;

• kWkyu;r;rpia xU g+Nfhs uPjpahd Nghf;fhf vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

• INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpahdJ ,yq;if kPJ nrYj;Jk; nry;thf;fpidg;
gFj;jhuha;thu;.
• g+Nfhs uPjpahd Nghf;Ffis vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;ba tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

• kWkyu;r;rpahdJ xU g+Nfhs Njhw;wg;ghL vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

• ghlE}ypy; mlq;fpAs;s njhopw;ghlby; khztiu <LgLj;Jf.

9.2 INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpahdJ ,yq;if kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa

tpjk;.
- murpaypy;
- nghUshjhuj;jpy;
- gz;ghl;by;

Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• “INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpahdJ ,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; nrYj;jpa nry;thf;F”

vDk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vOJjy;.
• fl;Liu vOJtjw;Fj; Njitahd tplaq;fNshL Maj;jkhf tUk;gb
mwptpAq;fs;.
• vOjp Kbj;j rpy fl;Liufis vOkhwhfj; njupT nra;J tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fr;
re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.
• Fiwfis eptu;j;jp nra;J ghlj;ij kPsha;T nra;f.

46
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs
fs;

• kWkyu;r;rp njhlu;ghd E}y;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> ,izaj; jsq;fs;

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL - kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.

• kWkyu;r;rp vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;

• kWkyu;r;rpahdJ xU g+Nfhsg;Nghf;F vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• INuhg;gpa kWkyu;rr
; p ,yq;if kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
• jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW tplaq;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.
• Neuj;ij Kfhik nra;thu;.

47
 10.10 ,yq; i fAk; Nkw; f j; N jaUk;

Gtpapd; mikTf;Nfw;g ,yq;ifahdJ fPioj;Nja kw;Wk; Nkiyj;Nja

gaz topfspd; gpujhdkhd xU ika epiyakhf mike;Js;sJ. kpfg;
goq;fhyq; njhlf;fk; gy;NtW ehLfSld; ,yq;if njhlu;Gfisg;
Ngzpte;Js;sJ. etPd Afj;jpy; ehLNjly; Kaw;rpfspd; NghJ ,yq;ifj;
jPT INuhg;gpaupd; ftdj;jpwF
; cs;shfpa gpujhdkhd xU ehlhFk;. mjw;fhd
gpujhdkhd fhuzk; ,yq;ifapd; Gtpapay; miktplkhFk;. Nghu;j;Jf;fy;>
xy;yhe;J> gpupj;jhdpah Mfpad ,yq;if kPJ ftdQ; nrYj;jpa Nkw;fj;Nja
ehLfshFk;. Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk;> xy;yhe;jUk; ,yq;ifapy; nraw;gl;l tpjk;
njhlu;ghd ,e;j myfpy; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nju;r;rp

ehnlhd;wpy; ntspehl;L Mjpf;fk; Vw;gLtjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;

fhuzpfis Nkw;fj;Njau; ,yq;ifapy; mjpfhuj;ijj; jhgpj;jikapd; Clhf
EZfpaha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

10.1 njhopDl;g Mjpf;fk; kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu cghaq;fs; %yk; Nghu;jJ; f;NfaUk;

xy;yhe;jUk; jkJ Mjpff;ji ; jg; gutr; nra;j tpjj;jpid tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw; w w; N gWfs;

• Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk; xy;yhe;jUk; ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy;

mjpfhuj;ijj; jhgpj;j tpjj;ijg; gFj;jhuha;thu;.
• Nghu;jJ
; f;Nfau; ,yq;iff;F te;jNghJ ,yq;ifapd; murpay; epiyikia
tpsf;Fthu;.
• ntspehl;ltupd; Kd;dpiyapy; ,yq;ifau; fhl;ba vjpu;gG
; f;fis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLthu;.
10. ,yq;ifAk; Nkw;fj;NjaUk;
10.1 Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; fPioj;Nja tUif
• Nkw;fj;Njau; ,yq;iff;F te;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
- nghUshjhuj; Jiwapy; ,yhgk; ngwy;
- rkaj;ijg; gug;Gjy;

48
 - murpay; uPjpapy; rUtNjr fPu;j;jpiag; ngWjy;
- Nkw;fj;Njau; ,yq;iff;F tUif je;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fs; gpdt ; Uk;
tplaq;fspd; JizAld; fye;JiuahLf.
- Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; ,yq;iff;F te;jNghJ ,yq;ifapd; murpay;
epiyik
- Nfhl;il> fz;b> aho;g;ghzk; vd %d;W gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;
gl;bUe;jik
- Nfhl;il rpk;khrdj;Jf;fhd Nghuhl;lk;
- Nfhl;il %d;W gFjpfshfg; gpupe;jik
- ehl;by; (cs;ehl;L) Ml;rpahsu;fSf;F ,ilNa xw;Wik ,d;ik
- Nghu;jJ
; f;Nfau; mjpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;wpa re;ju;gg
; q;fisg; gpdt
; Uk;
tplaq;fspd; fPo; fye;Jiuahly;.

10.2 Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fisf; ifg;gw;wy;

- Nfhl;Nl ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; mjpfhuj;ijj; jhgpj;jy;
- aho;g;ghzj;ijf; ifg;gw;wy;
- Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUf;F fhl;lg;gl;l vjpu;g;Gf;fs;
- Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUf;F vjpuhf vOe;j RNjr vjpu;g;Gf;fisg; gpd;tUk;
tplaq;fspd; fPo; fye;JiuahLf.
- rPjhthf;if khahJd;d> Kjyhk; uh[rpq;f MfpNahu; Nghu;j;Jf;
Nfaiu vjpu;j;jik
- fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Njhd;wpa vjpu;;g;Gf;fs;
- fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kPJ Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; Kw;Wif
- Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; Juj;jpabf;fg;gl;lik

10.
10.33 xy;yhe;jupd; tUif
- ,uz;lhk; ,uhrrpqf ; kd;dd; Nghu;jJ
; f;NfaUf;F vjpuhf nraw;gl;lik
ahdJ xy;yhe;jUf;F rhjfkhf mike;jik.
- ,yq;ifapy; fiuNahug;gpuNjrq;fspy; mjpfhuj;ij jhgpj;jik
- fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;Jld; xy;yhe;juJ> el;G uPjpahd eltbf;iffs;
- nghUshjhuj;jpd; %yk; cj;Njr ed;ikfisg; ngw eltbf;if
vLj;jik
- xy;yhe;jupd; fPo; ,Ue;j fiuNahug;gpuNjrq;fis Mq;fpNyauplk;
xg;gilj;jik

• ,yq;ifapy; Nghu;jJ; f;NfauJk; xy;yhe;juJk; mjpfhug; guk;giy ,yq;ifg;gl

nkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jg; ngaupLf.
- gpd;tUk; ,lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jTk;
• kd;dhu;> aho;gg
; hzk;> Gj;jsk;> kl;lf;fsg;G> nfhl;bahuk;> fw;gpl;b> nfhOk;G>
rpyhgk;> ePu;nfhOk;G> fSj;Jiw> fhyp> khj;jiw> mk;ghe;Njhl;il>
Ky;iyj;jPT> fz;b> fk;gis

49
• “,yq;ifAk; Nkw;fj;NjaUk;” vDk; ghlj;jpd; ghltplaq;fis cs;slf;fp
RUf;ff;Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfnkhd;W jahupf;FkhW khztiu topg;gLj;jy;.
• ,jid xU jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
• “RUf;ff; Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfnkhd;wpidj;” jahupf;FkhW khztUf;F mwpTWj;
Jq;fs;.
• RUf;ff;Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk; gw;wpAk;> RUf;ff; Fwpg;G vOJk; tpjk; gw;wpAk;
tpsf;fkspAq;fs;.
• fUkj;ijg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;Fg; NghJkhd fhy mtfhrk; toq;Fq;fs;.
• Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; nghWg;Ngw;W Mf;fq;fis kjpg;gl
P L
; f;F cl;gLj;jp tFg;gpy;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs
fs;

• ,yq;ifAk; Nkw;F ehLfSk; njhlu;ghd E}y;fs;

fzpg; g P L > kjpg; g P l ; L f; F upa mwpTWj; j y; f s;

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

• “,yq;ifAk; Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk;” ghlj;Jf;F mikthd jfty;fis Kd;

itg;ghu;.
• Nkw;fj;Njaupd; Kd;dpiyapy; jkJ RahjPdj;ijg; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhz;l jiytu;
fis kjpg;ghu;.
• nghopg;ghf;fp vOJe;jpwidg; ngWthu;.
• Mrpupau; elj;Jk; fye;Jiuahlypy; gq;Fgw;Wthu;
• g+u;j;jp nra;j Mf;fj;ijf; Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; xg;gilg;ghu;.

50