Gr7 Art Tamil Medium Teacher's Guide

rpj;jpuk;
Mrpupau; topfhl;b
juk; 7
(2016 Mk; Mz;b ypUe;J mKy;g Lj;J tjw;f hdJ)
mofpaw; fy;t pj;J iw

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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www.nie.lk
info@nie.lk
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rpj; j puk;
juk; - 7
Mrpupau; topfhl;b
Kjw; gjpg;G: 2016
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ISBN
mofpaw; fy;t pj;J iw

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk
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; Q;ry;: info@nie.lk
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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
ii
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,yq;ifapd; ,ilepiyf; fy;tpapy; Gjpa Nju;r;rp ikag; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw;
fl;lk; 2007 Mk; Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; %yk; ,J mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Njrpa kl;lj; Nju;r;rpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpd; mbg;gilapy; Njrpa fy;tp
Mizf;FOtpd; tpjg;GiufSf;fika mg;NghJ eilKiwapypUe;j cs;slf;fk;
rhu;e;j fy;tp Kiwik ,jd; %yk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nju;r ;r p ikaf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;l kWrPu ikg;ghdJ 2016Mk;
Mz;bypUe;J juk; 7> 11 Mfpa tFg;Gf;fSf;F mKy;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ. ,e; Nehf;fj;ij
milAk; nghUl;Lj; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Ma;it mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
NgWfisAk; Mu;tyu;fSila gy;NtW MNyhridfisAk; gyjug;gl;ltu;fspl
kpUe;Jk; ngw;Wf;n fhz;lJ. mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhU
nrad;Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJld; mjw;fikthd ghlj;jpl;lq;fisAk; Nkw;gb
juq;fSf;fhf tpUj;jp nra;J; s;sJ.
,e;j epahag;gLj;jw; nrad;Kiwapw; fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; NghJ epiyf;Fj;jhd
xUq;fpizg;G Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;L> fPopUe;J Nky;Nehf;fpa mZFKiwapy;
midj;J ghlq;fSf;Fkhd Nju;rr ; p kl;lq;fs; Kiwikahf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
NkYk;>mbg;gil tplaq;fspypUe;J cau; kl;lj;ij Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; tifapy;
mit xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;Lk; cs;sd. ghl cs;slf;fj;jpw; fhzg;gLk; $wpaJ $wy;
kw;Wk; ghl cs;slf;fr; Rik vd;gtw;iw ,opepiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yTk; khztu;
NeakhdJk; eilKiwf;Nfw;wJkhd fiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk;
fpilahd xUq;fpizg;ghdJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mrpupau;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fTk; ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkplTk;
fw;gpff
; Tk; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;fTk; mstPL kw;Wk; kjpgg
; L
P fis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;
cjTKfkhf Mrpupau; topfhl;bapw; Gjpa tbtikg;G mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,t; topfhl;ly;fs; Mrpupau;fs; tFg;giwapy; nkd;NkYk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDs;sJk;
tpisjpwd; kpf;fJkhd tifapw; Jyq;Ftjw;F cjTk;.
Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfs; khztu;fsJ Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapw;
ju cs;sPLfisAk; Nkyjpf nraw;ghLfisAk; njupT nra;tjpy; Mrpupau;fSf;Fr;
Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ. ,g;Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfs; ghl cs;slf;fr; Rikia
tpLj;J> tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fspd; %yk; ghl cs;slf;fj;ijg; g+uzg;gLj;jp
As;sJ. MfNt> Mrpupau;fs; Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis
fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhw; jahupf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fisAk; nghUj;jkhd
tifapw;; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Mrpupau; ikaf; fy;tp KiwikapypUe;J khztu; ikaf; fy;tp Kiwikf;Fj;
jskhw;wk; nra;tJk; NtiyAyfpw;F Vw;w tifapw; nghUj;jkhd kdpj tsq;fis
tpUj;jp nra;tJk; Njitahd Nju;r;rpfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; ghlrhiyapypUe;J
ntspNaWk; khztu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd nraw;ghL rhu;e;j fy;tp
Kiwikia tpUj;jp nra;tJk; Nkw;gb epahag;gLj;jg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk;
Mrpupau; topfhl;bapd; Gjpa tbtikg;G vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gil Nehf;fq;fshFk;.
Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bia cUthf;Ftjpw; gq;fspgG
; r; nra;j Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd;
fy;tprhu; mYty;fs; rig kw;Wk; Nguit cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk; midj;J tsthsu;
fSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfs; cupj;jhfpd;wd.
gzpg; g hsu; ehafk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
iii
gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp
fw;wy; vd;gJ gue;J tpupe;J nry;tnjhd;whFk;. mJ tho;f;ifia Nkk;gLj;jTk;

vspikg;gLj;jTk; ty;yJ. kdpjd; fw;Fk; Mw;wypy; cr;r epiyapy; cs;shd;.
kdpj> r%f mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff; nfhz;l xU ehLk; mjd; r%fKk;
mwpthw;wypdhy; ,dq;fz;l> epakkw;wtw;iwf; fistjw;Fk;. ey;ytw;iwg; gz;gLj;jp
Gj;Jyifg; gilg;gjw;fhd fUtpaha; miktJ fy;tpahFk;.
fw;wYf;fhf ngWkjpkpf;fit vitNah mitAk;> fw;wy; Kiwapay;fSk; trjpfSk;

fy;tpiar; #o cUthjy; Ntz;Lk;. fiyj;jpl;lk;> ghlj;jpl;lk;> topfhl;bfs;> trjp
nra;Nthu; Nghd;witnay;yhk; ,t;tifapNyNa fy;tpjJ
; iwapy; Nru;eJ
; nfhs;fpdw ; d.
,yq;if etPd g+Nfhs newpfisAk; gz;ila mUQ;nry;tq;fisAk; fyf;fr;

nra;J jkJ fy;tpfN
; fhyj;ij cUthf;fpfn
; fhz;Ls;sJ. rkfhyj; NjitfSf;fika
kWrPuikg;GfspD}lhf vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLk; fiyj;jpl;lj;
Jf;Fupa xU fw;wy; tskhf ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;bfs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ghlf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspd; xj;jjd;ikia Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJ mtrpakhFk;.

vdpDk;> Mrpupau; topfhl;bapw; jug;gl;Ls;s fw;wy; Kiwapay;fs; rw;NwDk; gprfhJ
mr;nrhl;lhf gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupitad;W. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nju;r;rpfs;> Nju;r;rp
kl;lq;fis miltjw;fhfg; ghltplaq;fspd; %yk; fw;ww; NgWfis mz;kpgg ; jw;fhf
fw;wy; Kiwapay;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhdjhf khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;
trjp nra;J nfhLg;NghUf;F cz;L vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. khztuJ milTr;
rjtPjj;ij caupa kl;lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;y cjTk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd trjpfisr;
nra;J nfhLf;Fk; MrpupauJ tfpghfj;jpw;F ce;Jjyspgg ; jw;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Mrpupau; topfhl;bia Mrpupau;fs; kl;Lkd;wp khztUk; ngw;NwhUk; $l gad;
gLj;jyhk;. Fwpj;j ghlj;jpd; ghlE}Yf;Fj; Jizahf mikAk; XU rhjdkhd
,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b kw;WnkhU ghlE}y; md;W vd;gij mwpeJ ; ghlE}y;> Mrpupau;
topfhl;b Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Mrpupau;fs; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;ghf kjpg;gL

P elj;Jk;> Njrpa kl;l guPl;rfu;fshy;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; milTfis> khztu;fs; mile;Js;sduh vd;gJ gw;wpg; ghl
epiwtpy; tFg;giwapy; trjpnra;J nfhLg;gtu;fshy; kjpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. fspg;g+l;lj;
jf;f nrOikahd gz;ghl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd xU fUtpahf ,t;thrpupau;
topfhl;b mika Ntz;Lnkdg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.
gpujpg; gzpg;g hsu; ehafk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
iv
ghl mwpKfk;
ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s ghlq;fSs; mofpaw; ghlq;fs; rpwg;ghd

,lj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sd. kdpjdpd; GyDZu;Tfis Kidg;GWj;Jk; Mw;wiy mofpay;
nfhz;bUg;gNj mjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. mofpaw; ghlq;fSs; xd;whd rpj;jpuf;
fiyg; ghlk;> kdpjdpd; GyDzu;Tj; jpwd;fis khj;jpukd;wp Mf;fpay; jpwd;fisAk;
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F ngupJk; Jizahfpd;wJ.
ey;y r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ey;y gpuirfs; Njit. mjw;Fupa mj;jpahtrpaj;

Nju;r rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rpj;jpuf; fiyg; ghlf; fy;tpapD}lhf
mj;Nju;rr
; pfis tpUj;jp nra;a topfhl;Lk; Nehf;FlNdNa ,f;ife;E}y; jahupf;fg;gl;
Ls;sJ.
khztuplj;Nj mj;jpahtrpa Nju;r;rpfis miltjw;fhfg; ghlj;Njhbize;j VO

(7) Nju;r;rpfs; tupirg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Nju;r;rpfs;> me;je;j taJ kl;lj;Jf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhdthW Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fshf tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fspd;
fPo; 11 Me; juj;Jf;nfd tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpla cs;slf;fj;ij tFg;giwapy;
eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpjj;ij Kd;khjpupahf vLj;Jf; fhl;LtNj ,e;j Mrpupau;
topfhl;bapd; vjpu;ghu;gg
; hFk;;.
gzpg; g hsu;
mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
v
fiyj;jpl;lf; FO
MNyhridAk; mq;fPfhuKk;
 fy;tprhu; mYty;fs; rig> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
ghl,izg;g hf;f k;
 jpU. vk;.[P.V.Nf.a+. gz;lhu> rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
 jpU. Qhdrpup fkNf> tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
ghl epGzu;fs;.
 Nguhrpupau; Rrpupghy khypk;gl> rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> mofpay; gy;fiyf;fofk;
 Nguhrpupau; uk;gatu;jd nghbepyNk rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;>
mofpay; gy;fiyf;fofk;
 fyhepjp b. rdhjdd;> rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> aho;gg ; hzg; gy;fiyf;fofk;
cs;t hup tsg;gq;fspg;G

 jpU. vk;.[P.V.Nf.a+. gz;lhu> rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
 jpU. Qhdrpup fkNf> tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
 jpU. utPe;jpu NjDtu> cjtp tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
 jpUkjp. rkup jg];tuNf> cjtp tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
 jpUkjp. vk;.gP. gpNukjpyf;f> cjtp tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
ntspthup tsg;g q;fspg;G

 fyhepjp. cghyp uQ;rpj; uztf;f> Nfhl;lf;fy;tp mYtyfk;> Gyj;rpq;`s
 nry;tp =kjp Vf;fehaf;f> tpupTiuahsu; (ntspthup) fsdpg; gy;fiyf;fofk;
 jpU. vr;.vd;. mDugpupae;j Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>
tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk; =[atu;jdGuk;
 jpUkjp. vy;.v];. Ntfy;y> Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>
tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk;> nfhOk;G
jpU. Jiu tPurpq;fk J\;ae;j;> Mrpupau; MNyhrfu;>
tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk; njd;kuhl;rp
 jpUkjp. vk;. ,sKUfd;> Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>
tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk;> typfhkk
 jpUkjp. A+.vy; mDyh Fyuj;jpd
fy;tp MNyhrfu;> tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk;> `l;ld;
 jpUkjp. Nf.b.Nf.V. Fztu;jd
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk;> `l;ld;
vi
 jpUkjp. Nf.B.Nf.V. Fzuj;jpdk;
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk;> NjEtu
 jpUkjp. vk;.v];.gP.vt;. gz;lhu> rpj;jpuf;fiy Mrpupau;>
Gdpj rpy;nt];lu; tpj;jpahyak;> fz;b
 nry;tp. epNuh\h tpN[rpq;f> rpj;jpuf;fiy Mrpupau;
ngh/NrthKf;j ghriw k.tp.> nghyd;dWit.
nkhopngau;g ;G nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;

 jpU. vk;.vr;.vk;. ahf;$j;> Kd;dhs; gpujk nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup> Nj.f.ep
 jpUkjp. a+. tpNtfhde;jd; - Mrpupia> rpq;fs tpj;jpahyak;> bf;Xah
 jpUkjp. v];. tpkyrhu> Mrpupa MNyhrfu; (Xa;Tngw;w)
tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;> nfhOk;G
fzpdp tbtikg;G
 jpUkjp. vg;.V.vg;. ep];kpah> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
 jpUkjp. vk;.vd;.vg;. wp`hdh> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
ml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G:
 jpU. utPe;jpu NjDtu> cjtp tpupTiuahsu;> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw
ehdhtpj cjtpfs;
 jpUkjp. <.vk;. tpf;uk ehaf;f> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
 jpU. gpNukhde;j ngNuuh> mofpaw; fy;tpj;Jiw> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
vii
Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;
,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;b 2016 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s 11 Me;

ju rpj;jpuf; fiyg; ghlj;jpl;lj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
tFg;giwf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwia ntw;wpfukhf elj;Jtjw;F j;
JizGuptjw;fhfNt ,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;b cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Lfpdw
; J. ,jidg;
gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; Fwpj;J tpNrl ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ
gaDilajhFk;;.
 ghlrhiyapd; Mz;L epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F mika Neuj;ij Kfhik nra;J
nfhs;sy;.
 gpujhdkhd 7 Nju;r;rpfspd; fPo; tupirg;gLj;jg;gl;ls;s cs;slf;fj;jpd; 1.0
njhlf;fk; 5.0 tiuapyhd nraw;ghnlhd;W jug;gl;Ls;sJ. me;je;jj; Nju;r;rp
kl;lj;Jf;F mikthf> tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s jiyg;Gf;fis my;yJ NtW
jiyg;Gf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Vida nraw;ghLfis jpl;lkpl;L
mikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.
 6.0 Mk; 7.0 Mk; Nju;r;rpfSf;fhf nraw;ghLfs; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s NghjpYk;>
nghUj;jkhd Mf;fg+u;tkhd Kiwapay;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Fwpjj; ghltplaq;fis
milaj; j f; f thW nraw; g hLfis khw; w paikj; J f; nfhs; S k; Rje; j puk;
MrpupaUf;F cz;L.
 tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s kw;Wk; jhNk jahupj;j nraw;ghLfisr; nraw;gLj;Jk;
NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ gaDilajhFk;.
I. mofpay; rhu;e;j my;yJ ghlj;Jld; ,ize;j Rthurpakhd Kd;dpiy

nahd;wpd; %yk; fspa+l;lj;jf;fthW ghlj;ij njhlq;Ftjd; %yk;
khztiu ghlj;jpd;ghy; <u;j;jy;> Kd;dwpit tpdtpawpjy;> Cf;fkspj;jy;
Mfpad %yk; ghlr; nraw;ghl;il mZFjy;.
II. khztuJ ,ay;ghd Mw;wy;fis ,dq;fz;L> Mf;fg+u;tkhf fw;wy;
fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisf; ifahz;L> gpd;D}l;lYk; Kd;D}l;lYk; toq;fp
nraw;ghl;il ,Wjptiu ,l;Lr; nry;yy;.
III. Kd;itg;Gf;fs;> kjpg;gL
P > kPll
; ha;T> gpd;njhlu; Ntiyfs;> xg;gilj;jy;
Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fp xl;Lnkhj;jg; ghlj;ij epiwT nra;jy;.
 ,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;b xU topfhl;ly; khj;jpuNkahFk;. ghlk; rhu;e;j E}y;fs;
,izaj;jsq;fs; Nghd;w Clfq;fis crhTtjd; %yk; MrpupaUk;> khztUk;
mwpt+l;lk; ngWtjhy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwia NkYk; nrk;ikahf;fpf;
nfhs;syhk;.
 mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s 7 Nju;r;rpfSk; jdpahspd; MSik tpUj;jpia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sdikahy; 7 Nju;r;rpfSf;FKupa
tpla cs;slf;f Kiwikia tFg;giwapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.
gpd;tUk; ml;ltizf;Nfw;g nraw;ghLfis %d;W jtizfshfg; gpupf;fTk;.

1 jtiz 2 jtiz 3 jtiz
nraw;ghl;L ,yf;fk; nraw; g hl; L ,yf; f k; nraw;ghl;L ,yf;fk;
1'1'1 1'1'2 1'1'3 1'2'1 1'2'2 1'2'3 1'2'3 1'2'4
3'1'1 4'1'1 7'1'1 1'2'1 2'2'1 3'1'2 2'2'2 3'3'1
5'1'1 6'1'1 7'1'2 3'2'1 4'2'1 5'2'1 5'3'1 6'3'1
6'2'1 7'2'1 7'2'3 6'4'1 7'3'1
viii
cs;slf;fk;
-
gf; f k;
gzp g; g hsu ; eha fj; j p d; nra ; j p iii
gpujpg; gzpg; g hsu; ehafj; j pd; nra; j p iv
mwpKfk; v
tsthsu;fs; vi - vii
Mrpupau; t op f h l ; b i a g ; g a d ; g L j ; J t jw ; f h d t op f h l ; l y ; f s ; viii
ghlj;jpl;lk; ix-xx
fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nr a d; K i w f ; f h d mw p TW j ; j y ; f s ; 1-68
ix
rpjj
; puf; fiy - juk; 7
Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

1.0 Rw;whly;; rhu;e;j 1'1 Rw;whly; rhu;e;j  Nfhl;Lr; rpj;jpuq;fs;  Rw;whly; rhu;e;j 19
fUg;nghUs;fspd; ,Nuifr; rpj;jpuq;fs; - Rw;whliyf; fw;wy;. fUg;nghUspd; fPo; rpj;jpuk;
fPo; rpj;jpuq;fs; tiuthu;.  kdpj nka;epiyfs;. tiuthu;.
tiuthu;.  tpyq;Ffspd;  kdpj nka;ee; piyfs;>
nka;epiyfs;. tpyq;F nka;ee ; piyfs;>
- jhtu cUtq;fSk; jhtuq;fs;> ,aw;ifr; #oy;
#oypw; fhzg;gLk; kw;Wk; kdpjdhy;
cUtq;fSk;. Mf;fg;gl;l #oypy;
 nraw;ifg; nghUs;fs; fhzg;gLk; cUtq;fisf;
NfhLfspdhy; tiuAk;
jpwidf; fhl;Lthu;.
1'2 ,aw;if> nraw;if  rpj;jpu mbg;gilfs;  xOq;fikg;gpd; mbg;gil

#oy; rhu;e;j  ,Nuif. mq;fq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp>
rpj;jpuq;fs; tiuthu;.  jsTUtq;fs;. ,aw;if> nraw;if #oy;
 tu;zg; gad;ghL rhu;e;j njhdpg; nghUspy;
 jsg;gad;ghL xOq;fpizg;igr; nra;thu;.
 rpj;jpu xOq;fikg;Gf;
 rpj;jpuk; tiutjw;fhf Nfhl;ghLfis Mf;fj;jpd;
mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfisg; NghJ gad;gLj;Jthu;.
gad;gLj;Jjy;.  tu;z Clfj;jpw;F
 msTj;jpl;lKk; fdtsTk; nghUj;jkhd El;gKiw
 J}uNehf;F (Perspective) fisg; gad;gLj;jp>
 ,U gupkhz ,ay;Gfs; rpj;jpuj;ij tu;zk; jPl;bf;
 Kg;gupkhz ,ay;Gfs; nfhs;thu;.
 rkepiy.
 czu;r;rp ntspg;ghL.
 KOepiwT
gy;Y}lfq;fSk;>
El;gKiwfSk;
 ng];ly;
 ePu; tu;zk;
 nfhyh[;
xv
rpj;jpuf; fiy - juk; 7
2.0 Rw;whlypw; 2.1 vspikahd Nfj;jpu  vspikahd jhtug;  vspikahd Nfj;jpu

fhzg;gLk; fzpj cUtg; gFjpfSk; Nfj;jpu fzpjg; cUtq;fis tiue;J 08
nghUs;fis nghUs;fs;> kw;Wk; nghUs;fSk;. tu;ze;jPl;Lthu;.
xOq;fpizj;J gy;NtW jhtug;  Nfhl;Lg; gy;tif  ntt;NtW jhtug;
jpul;Lr; gFjpfis ,Nuiffs; msTj; jpl;lKk;> gFjpfspd; ,ay;Gfs;
rpj;jpuq;fshf %yk; fw;ghu;. fdtsTk;. ntspg;gLkhW ngd;rpyhy;
tiuthu;.  Kg;gupkhz ,ay;Gfs; tiuthu;.
 xspAk; ,USk;
 jsg;gad;ghL
2.2 vspikahd Nfj;jpu  ,aw;if tbtq;fSk;  vspikahd Nfj;jpu fzpj

fzpj tbtKila vspikahd Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtKila
nghUs;fisAk; tbtq;fSk; nghUs;fisAk;> jhtug;
jhtug; gFjpfisAk;  jhtug; gFjpfs;. gFjpfisf; nfhz;l
tiue;J epwe;jPl;Ltu;.  cUis tbtg;nghUs;fs; nghUs;$l;lk; ghu;j;J>
 Nfhs tbtg; nghUs;fs; tiuAk;> rpj;jpu
 rJuKfp tbt> fdTU epu;khzpg;Gf;fisr;
tbtg; nghUs;fs;. nra;thu;.
 $k;G tbtg; nghUs;fs;  nghUl;fisg; ghu;j;J
 xspAk; ,USk; Kg;gupkhz tiutjw;F cupa rpj;jpuf;
,ay;Gfs;. Nfhl;ghL uPjpahd ghl
 tu;z Clfq;fSk;> tplaq;fis tpsf;fj;Jld;
El;gKiwfSk;. gad;gLj;Jthu;.
- ng];ly;  gy;NtW El;gKiwfspy;
- ePu; tu;zk; tu;zk; jPlb; f; nfhs;Sk;
jpwd;fis
ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.
xvi
3.0 gad;ghl;Lj; 3.1 jhtuj;ij  myq;fupg;G myFfs; ; myq;fupg;G myFfis 16

NjitfSf;fhfg; mbg;gilahff;  guT&g myq;fupg;Gfs; Mf;Ftjw;fhf jhtutpay;
gilg;ghf;fk; nfhz;L  kyu;fs; %yq;fisg;
Gupthu;. myq;fupg;Gf;fs;  ,iyfs; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
epu;khzpg;gu;.  nkhl;Lfs;  guT&g myq;fupg;Gf;fis
 fha;fs; Mf;Fthu;.
3.2 may; tu;zk;> vjpu;  may; tu;zk;.  Mf;fq;fis

tu;zj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp  vjpu; tu;zk;. moFgLj;Jtjw;fhf may;
myq;fhu  ,aw;if> etPd tu;zq;fisAk; vjpu;
epu;khzpg;Gf;fisr; cUtq;fq;fisf; nfhz;l tu;zq;fisAk;
nra;thu;. myq;fhuq;fs;. gad;gLj;Jthu;.
3.3 Fspu; tu;z> ntg;g  Kg;gupkhz Mf;fq;fs;  tu;z rhay;fisg;

tu;zr; rhay;fisg;  Fspu; tu;zk;> ntg;g gad;gLj;jp Kg;gupkhz
gad;gLj;jp tu;zk; Mf;fq;isAk;
myq;fupg;Gf;fis  tu;zr; rhay;. Nfhyq;fisAk;
epu;khzpg;gu;.  gy;NtW Nfhyq;fs; tu;ze;jPl;Lthu;.
 kd mlf;fj;JlDk;
xOq;F KiwapYk;
nray;fspy; <LgLthu;.
4.0 cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; 4.1 ntt;NtW nkhop  gy;NtW nkhopfSf;Fupa  ntt;NtW nkhopfisg;
Nritj; Clfq;fisg; vOj;Jf;fs; gad;gLj;jp> Mf;fg+u;tkhf 10
NjitfSf;fhf> gad;gLj;jp vOj;Jf;fs;  Rje;jpukhff; ifahy; vOj;Jf;fs; vOJk;
fpwgpf; Mf;fq;fs; vOJthu;. vOj;jikj;jy;. jpwidg; ngWthu;.
gilg;ghu;.
xvii
4.2 gy;NtW nkhopfS-  Mf;fr; rpwg;Gila  Mf;fg+u;tkhd

f;Fupa vOj;Jf;fs; vOj;Jf;fisAk; cUtg;
vOj;Jf;fisAk;  vspikahd glq;fisg; glq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpf;
vspikahd gad;gLj;jy;. fpwgpf; Mf;fq;fs;
glq;fisAk;  Njitf;F Vw;wjhf ,Uj;jy; gilf;Fk; jpwidg;
gad;gLj;jpf; fpwgpf;  tu;z cgNahfk; ngWthu;.
Mf;fj;ijg; gilg;gu;.  ,U gupkhz ,ay;G
 Kg;gupkhz ,ay;G
 KO epiwT
5.1 mg;Gjy;> gy;NtWgl;l El;g Kiwfs;  mg;Gjy;> nghspjy; 10

5.0 gt;NtW El;gKiwiag; - mg;Gjy; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Mfpa
Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; - nghspjy; El;gKiwfisg;
gad;gLj;jp rpw;g> rpiyfis - f l ;b n a O g;Gj y ;/ gad;gLj;Jthu;.
nrJf;F epu;khzpg;ghu;. xd;wpizj;jy;.  vspikahd kdpj tpyq;F
Ntiyg;ghLfs; cUtq;fs; mikg;ghu;.
Mf;Fthu;. 5.2 nghspjy;  vspikahd kdpj  xOq;fpizj;jy; gw;wpa
El;gKiwia cUtq;fs;. tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.
gad;gLj;jpr;  vspikahd tpyq;F  El;g KiwfSf;Fupa
rpiyfis cUtq;fs;. cgfuzq;fisg;
epu;khzpg;ghu;.  xOq;FNru;j;jy; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fj;jpiw
 gy;NtWgl;l Clfq;fs; ikia ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.
5.3 xUq;fpizj;jy;  Mf;fg+u;tj;jd;ik.
fl;bnaOg;Gjy;  rkepiy.
El;gKiwiag;  KO epiwT
gad;gLj;jp
epu;khzq;fisr;
nra;thu;.
xviii
6.1 Mw;Wiff;fiyfs;  njhiyf;fhl;rp rpWtu;  ,yj;jpudpay; 08

6.0 rka gz;ghl;L jw;fhy ,yj;jpudpay; fhl;^d; Clfq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;
mk;rq;fs;> Clfq;fspw; ntt;NtW fUj;Jg;gl
cs;ehl;L fhzg;gLfpd;w fl;Gyf; Cartoon (Nfypr;rpj;jpuk;)
ntspehl;L njupT fiy mk;rq;fisf; Mf;fq;fspd;
nra;ag;gl;l fw;W eag;ghu;. rpwg;gpay;Gfisg;
fiyQu; fspd;
fiyg;gilg;Gf;fs;> gFj;jha;thu;.
rkfhy fl;Gy  mf;fUj;Jg; glq;fs;
fiyg;gilg;Gf;fs; %yk; jkJ
kw;Wk; nghJrd gilg;ghf;fj;Jf;F
njhlu;g+lfq;fs; ce;Jjy; ngWthu;.
%yk; ,dq;fz;l
fiy mk;rq;fis 6.2 ,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupa  tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp.  nghk;kyhl;lf;fiyapd;
tpku;rd uPjpapy; nghk;kyhl;lf;  gutpa gpuNjrk;. rpwg;Gj; jd;ikia
fpufpj;J mtw;wpd; fiyia eag;gu;.  nghk;kyhl;l tiffs; tpgupg;ghu;;.
,ay;Gfis Ra  El;gKiwfs;  nghk;kyhl;lf; fiyg;
gilg;ghf;fj;Jf;fhfg;  Clfg; gad;ghL. gilg;Gf;fis eaf;Fk;
gad;gLj;Jthu;.  fiyg; gz;Gfs; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
6.3 ghuk;gupa  tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp.  gd;Gy;> ehu;> epae;j>

gidNahiyf;  gutpa gpuNjrk;. fdehu; gidNahiyf;
ifj;njhhopy; gutpa  g idNahi y epu; k hzpg; G fiyapd; rpwg;Gj;
gpuNjrq;fis mwpe;J tiffs;. jd;ikia tpsf;Fthu;.
nfhs;tu;.  El;gKiwfs; gpuNjrk;> El;gKiw gw;wp
 Clfg; gad;ghL tpgupg;ghu;.
 fiyg; gz;Gfs;.
6.4 ,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupa  tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp  gd;Gy; kw;Wk; epae;j ehu;>

gd;Gy;> ehu;  guk;gpAs;s gpuNjrq;fs; fz ehu;> gidNahiyg;
ifj;njhopy; rhu;e;j  gd;Gy;> fhz gha; ehu; gilg;Gf;fspy; fhzg;gLk;
fiyg;gz;Gfis tiffs; fiyg;gz;Gfis
kjpg;ghu;.  El;gKiwfs;> Nfhyk; tpsf;Fthu;.
7.1 ,yq;ifapd;  Clfg; gad;ghL.
 fiyg; gz;Gfs;
xix

tuyhw;Wj; J}gp  tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpAk; ,yq;ifapd; J}gp 14
7.0 tuyhw;W uPjpahd epu;khzpg;Gf;fisf; mbg;gil ,ay;GfSk; tiffis ngaupLthu;.
cz;zhl;L> fw;gu;.  J}ghuhk.  J}gpfspd; rpwg;Gf;fisAk;
 &thd;kyprha. fiyg; gz;GfisAk;
ntspehl;Lr; rpj;jpu
 N[jtdhuhka. mtjhdpj;J tpgupg;ghu;.
rpw;g nrJf;fy;
 mgafpup.
kw;Wk; fl;ll
 wd;nfhj; tpfhiu.
epu;khzf;
 fsdp jhJNfhgk;.
fiyfspd;
jdpj;Jtq;fis 7.2 ,yq;ifapd;
 tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l Fiffs;.  ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd
,dq;fz;L> tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l
 njhwtf;if Fifr; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyr;
mtw;wpd; fiyg; fhyrpj;jpuq;fisf;
rpj;jpuq;fs;. rpj;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLk;
gz;Gfis fw;ghu;.  je;jpupkiy Fifr; ,lq;fisg; gw;wp
gilg;ghf;fj;jpwf
; hfg; rpj;jpuq;fs; tpsf;Fthu;.
gad;gLj;Jthu;.  gpy;yht Fifr;  mr;rpj;jpuq;fspd; fUg;
rpj;jpuq;fs;.; nghUs;> El;gKiwfs;>
rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ,dq;fz;L
mf;fhyj; jfty;fis
tptupg;ghu;.
7.3 RNjr kuG uPjpahd
myq;fupg;G  jhtu tiff;Fupa myq;fupg;G  RNjr ghuk;gupa myq;fhu
tbtikg;Gf;fisf;  jhkiug;g+ kyu; tbtikg;Gf;fis
fw;gu;.  jhok; g+ tbtk;. tifg;gLj;Jthu;.
 md;dhrp kyu;  jhtu tiffSf;F cupa
 fLGy; kyu; njupT nra;j myq;fupg;Gf;
 rPd kyu;
fs; rpytw;wpd; jfty;fis
 gpdu; kyu;
gbKiwapy; tpsf;Fthu;.
 fj;jpup kyu;
 ntt;NtW
 nfhb tiy
 g+tpjo; (gyhg;ngj;jp)
re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fg;
 rg;Gkyu;
nghUj;jkhd myq;fhu
 ky;ypifg;G+
tbtikg;Gfisj; njupT
nra;J nfhs;Sk; jpwid
ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.
xx
rpj;jpuf; fiy
ghlj;jpl;lk;
ix
mwpKfk;
ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; xl;Lnkhj;jf; fiyj;jpll; j;jpy; "rpjj

; puf; fiy" ghlk; rpwg;ghd xd;whFk;. gilg;ghf;fKk;>
,uridAk; Kjd;ikaplk; ngWk; rpj;jpuf; fiyg;ghlj;jpD}lhf Mw;wg;gLk; r%fg; gzp kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. rpj;jpuf; fiyapD}lhf
jdpahsplj;Nj rkdpiyahd MSik tpUj;jpailAk;.
rpj;jpuf; fiyg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ghlk; rhu;e;j VO Nju;r;rpfs; %yk; gps;isaplj;Nj mwpT> jpwd;fs;> kdg;ghq;FfisAk;>
ew;gof;fq;fisAk; tpUj;jp nra;tJ Fwpj;Jf; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghlk; rhu;e;j Ie;J Nju;r;rpfSk;> fiy tuyhW kw;Wk;
,uridf;fhf ,uz;L Nju;r;rpfSk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjw;fika me;je;jj; juj;jpy; taJ kl;lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW
Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSf;F mikthf tpla cs;slf;fk; tupirg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghlj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspw; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

 ru;tNjr rpj;jpuf; fiyapd; Gjpa Nghf;Ffs;.
 ,j;Jiwapy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;s Gjpa fUj;Jf;fs;.
 ghlrhiyapy; tFg;giwf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghf elj;jg;gl;l mtjhdpg;Gf;fSk; Ma;TfSk;.
KjyhtJ Nju;r;rpapd; fPo; mlq;fpAs;s kdpj cUtq;fSk; tpyq;F cUtq;fSk; tiutjw;Fupa mbg;gilg; gap;w;rpf;fhfg; Gjpa
Nju;r;rp kl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ Nju;r;rpapd; fPo; mlq;fpAs;s ,aw;ifr; #oypYk; kdpjdhyhf;fg;gl;l #oypYk;
cs;s mbg;gilahd jsTUtq;fs;> tbtq;fSf;fhd Nju;r;rp kl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Gjpa njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; Ntiy
cyFf;Fj; Njitahd mwpT jpwd;fis milaj;jf;f tifapy; %d;whk; ehd;fhk; Nju;r;rpfspd; fPo; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;
cUthf;fg;gl;ld. khjpupAUf;fs; Mf;Ftjd; %yk; Kg;gupkhz ,ay;G gw;wpa vz;zf;fUit NkYk; njspthf Kd;itg;gjw;fhf
Ie;jhtJ Nju;r;rpapd; fPo; Nju;rr
; p kl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. fiy tuyhW kw;Wk; ,urid njhlu;ghf mwpit toq;Ftjw;fhfTk;
gy;NtW gilg;Gf;fisf; fw;wy; %yk; ngw;w mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspg;gjw;fhfTk; Mwhk;> Vohk; Nju;r;rpfspd; fPo;
Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.
x
Njrpa ,yf;F fs;
Njrpa fy;tp KiwikahdJ jdpegUf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd ngUk;ghyhd Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;Fj;
jdpegu;fSf;Fk; FOtpdUf;Fk; cjtp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghyhd fy;tp mwpfi

; ffSk; Mtzq;fSk; jdpegu; NjitfisAk; Njrpa NjitfisAk;
epiwT nra;tjw;fhf ,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;Js;sd. rkfhy fy;tp mikg;GfspYk; nrad;KiwfspYk; ntspg;gilahff;
fhzg;gLk; gytPdq;fs; fhuzkhf epiyNgWila kdpj tpUj;jpapd; vz;zf;fUj; jpl;l tuk;gpDs; fy;tpapD}lhf milaf;
$ba gpd;tUk; ,yf;Fj; njhFjpapidj; Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ.
I. kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; vDk; vz;zf;fUTf;Fs; Njrpag;gpizg;G> Njrpa KOik> Njrpa xw;Wik>
,zf;fk;> rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jy; %yKk;> ,yq;ifg; gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhu NtWghl;bid
mq;fPfhpj;jy; %yKk; Njrj;ijf; fl;b vOg;GjYk; ,yq;ifaH vDk; milahsj;ij Vw;gLj;jYk;.
II khw;wKWk; cyfj;jpd; rthy;fSf;Fj; jf;fthW Kfq;nfhLj;jNyhL Njrpa ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fis
mq;fPfhpj;jYk; NgZjYk;.
III. kdpj chpikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> flikfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT> xUtH kPJ xUtH nfhz;Ls;s
Mo;e;j> ,ilawhj mf;fiwAzHT> vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jk; r%f ePjpAk; [dehaf tho;f;ifKiw epakq;fSk;
cs;slq;fpa Rw;whliy cUthf;FjYk; Mjhpj;jYk;.
IV. xUtuJ cs> cly; eyidAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspg;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epiyNgWila
tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jy;
V. ed;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rkepiy MSikf;Fhpa Mf;f rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> Ma;e;J rpe;jpj;jy;> nghWg;G> tif$wy;
kw;Wk; cld;ghlhd mk;rq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
VI. jdpeguJk; Njrj;jpdJk; tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; Ngh\pf;ff; $baJk; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg;
gq;fspf;ff; $baJkhd Mf;fg; gzpfSf;fhd fy;tpA+l;Ltjd; %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jy;.
VII. jdpegHfspd; khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g ,zq;fp thoTk;> khw;wj;ij Kfhik nra;aTk; jahHg;gLj;jTk; tpiuthf khwptUk;
cyfpy; rpf;fyhdJk;> vjpHghuhjJkhd epiyikfisr; rkhspf;Fk; jifikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
VIII. ePjp> rkj;Jtk;> gu];gu khpahij vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rHtNjr rKjhaj;jpy; nfsutkhdNjhH
,lj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;ff; $ba kdg;ghq;FfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tsHj;jy;.
(Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOtpd; mwpf;if - 2003)
xi
mbg;gilg; nghJj; NjHr;r pfs;
fy;tpapD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F toptFf;Fk;.
I. njhlHghly; NjHr;r pfs;

njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs; ehd;F Jizj; njhFjpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. vOj;jwpT> vz;zwpT> rpj;jpu
mwpT> jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik.
vOj;jwpT : ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;> fUj;jwpa thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk;>

nrk;ikahfTk; vOJjy;> gad;jU tifahd fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;.
vz;zwpT : nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; vd;gtw;Wf;F vz;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;> vz;Z jy; > fzpj; jy;>
xOq;F Kiwahf msj;jy;.
rpj;jpu mwpT : NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUkj;ij mwpjy;> tptuq;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs;>vz;zq;fs;

Mfpatw;iwf; NfhL> cUtk;> tu;zk; vd;gtw;why; n t s p g ; g L j ; j Y k ; gjpT
nra;jYk;.
jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik: fzpdp mwpT> fw;wypy;> njhopypy; Rw;whlypy;> nrhe;j tho;tpy; jfty; njhlu;ghly;
njhopDl;gq;fisg; (ICT) gad;gLj;jy;.
II. MSik tpUj;jp njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

- Mf;fk;> tpupe;j rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;> gpur;rpid tpLtpj;jy;> EZf;fkhd kw;Wk; gFg;gha;Tr; rpe;jid>
mzpapduhfg; gzp nra;jy;> jdpahs; ,iltpidj; njhlu;Gfs;> fz;L gpbj;jYk; fz;lwpjYk; Kjyhd jpwikfs;.
- Neu;ik> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik> kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; Mfpa tpOkpaq;fs;
- kd vOr;rp;> Ez;zwpT.
III. #oy; njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

,j;Nju;r;rpfs; #oNyhL njhlu;GWfpd;wd. r%fk;> capupay;> ngsjpfk;
r%fr; #oy;: Njrpa ghuk;gupak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlu;GWk;
Ez;Zzu;Tk; jpwd;fSk;> gfpu;ej ; spff
; g;gLk; ePjp> r%fj; njhlu;Gfs;> jdpegu; elj;ijfs;> nghJthdJk;
rl;lG+u;tkhdJkhd rk;gpujhaq;fs;> cupikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs;> flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy;
mf;fiw.
xii
capupay; #oy;: thOk; cyF> kf;fs;> capupay;> #oy; njhFjp - kuq;fs;> fhLfs;> fly;> ePu;> tsp> capupd jhtuk;>
tpyq;F> kdpj tho;T.
ngsjpfr; #oy;: ,lk;> rf;jp> vupnghUs;> rlg;nghUs;> nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; mit kdpj tho;f;if> czT> cil>
ciwAs;> Rfhjhuk;> nrsfupak;> Rthrk;> epj;jpiu> ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> fopTfs;> capupd fopTg;
nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopgg
; zu;Tk;> Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk; fw;wYf;Fk;
Ntiy nra;tjw;Fk;> tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk; jpwd;fSk; ,q;F
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
IV. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;F j; jahH nra;jy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

mtu;fsJ rf;jpia cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wiyg; Ngh\pg;gjw;Fk; Ntz;ba njhopy;rhu;
jpwd;fs;.
nghUshjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy;.
mtu;fsJ njhopy; tpUg;GfisAk; csr;rhu;GfisAk; fz;lwpjy;
mtu;fsJ Mw;wy;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ntiyiaj; njupT nra;jy;
gadspf;ff; $baJk; epiyNgWilaJkhd [PtNdhghaj;jpy; <Lgly;.
V. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

md;whl tho;f;ifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdtw;iwj; njupT nra;aTk;> ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy; xOf;fnewp> mwnewp>
rkanewp njhlu;ghd elj;ijfisg; nghUj;jKw Nkw;nfhs;sTk; tpOkpaq;fisj; jd;kakhf;fpf; nfhs;sYk; cs;thq;fYk;.
VI. Xa;T Neuj;i jg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa NjHr;r pfs;

mofpaw; fiyfs;> ,yf;fpak;> tpisahl;L> nka;ty;Yeu; Nghl;bfs;> Xa;T Neug; nghOJNghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; tho;tpd;
Mf;fG+u;tr; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,d;g Efu;r;rp> kfpo;r;rp> kdntOr;rpfs; ,it Nghd;w kdpj
mDgtq;fs;.
VII. “fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;” njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

tpiuthf khWfpd;w> rpf;fyhd> xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fp epw;fpd;w cynfhd;wpy; xUtu; RahjPdkhff; fw;gjw;fhd
typikaspj;jYk; khw;wpaikf;Fk; nrad;Kiw Clhf khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g ,aq;fTk; mjid Kfhik nra;aTk; Ntz;ba
czu;itAk; ntw;wpiaAk; ngwr; nra;jy;.
(Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOtpd; mwpf;if - 2003)
xiii
rpj;j puf;f iyg; ghlj;j pd; Fwpf;N fhs;fs;.
1. Rw;whly; rhu;e;j eag;ghw;wiy tsu;j;jy;.
2. Mf;fr; rpe;jidiaAk; Mf;fpay; jpwd;fisAk; tsu;j;jy;.
3. tpidj;jpwdhd tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd jpwd;fisAk; kdg;ghq;FfisAk; tsu;j;jy;.
4. vkJ ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gz;ghl;Lg; ngWkhdq;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ,dq;fhZjYk; kjpj;jYk;
5. jpwdha;T Mw;wiy tsu;j;jy;.
6. vjpu;fhy NtiyAyfpd; miw$ty;fis vjpu;nfhs;sj;jf;fthwhd Mw;wy;fisf; nfhz;l rkepiyahd MSikia
tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
xiv
Nju; r ; r p 1.0 : Rw;whly; rhu;e;j fUg;nghUs;fspd; fPo; rpj;jpuq;fis
tiuthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 1.1 : Rw;whly; rhu;e;j ,Nuifr; rpj;jpuq;fis tiuthu;.
nraw; g hL 1.1.1 : ~~ghlrhiy #oiy ,Nuiffshy; tiuNthk;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • ghlrhiy ,aw;if> nraw;if #oypd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf;

$Wthu;;.
• ,Nuifr; rpj;jpuq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis tptupg;ghu;.
• Mf;fj;jpd; rpwg;gpw;F mtjhdpg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
• ,Nuiffspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp ,Nuifr;
rpj;jpuq;fs; tiuthu;.
• ,Nuiffisf; ifhaz;L ngw;w gupr;raj;ij Vida
epu;khzpg;GfspYk; cgNahfpj;Jf; fhz;gpg;ghu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • #oypy; cs;s jhtuq;fs;> fl;llq;fs;

• jhq;Fk; gyiffs;
• 4B, 6B tifg; ngd;rpy;fs;> g];ly; tu;zk;
• tiujw; jhs;fs;
nraw; g hl; i l xOq; f ikg; g jw; f hd mwpTWj; j y; f s; :

gbKiw 1.1.1.1 : • rpy ghly; tupfisg; ghb my;yJ NtW nghUj;jkhd xU
Kiwiaf; ifahz;L #oypd; moF Fwpj;J khztu;fspd;
ftdj;ij <u;f;Ff.
- #oy; ,aw;if> nraw;if vdg; gpupf;ff;$ba tpjk; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLf.
- #oypy; cs;s jhtuq;fs; Nfhy tbtq;fspy; mike;
jpUg;gJ gw;wpAk;> fl;llq;fs; Nfj;jpufzpj tbtpy; mike;
jpUg;gJ gw;wpAk; fye;JiuahLf.
- #oypy; cs;s ,aw;if> nraw;ifg; nghUs;fis ed;F
mtjhdpf;ff;$ba tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.
- ve;j xU nghUisAk; ed;whf Nehf;Ftjd; %yk; ey;y
njhU Mf;fj;ij cUthf;fyhk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
1
• gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; kPJ ftdQ;nrYj;jp> ,Nuifr;
rpj;jpuq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf; fye;JiuahLf.
- Ntfk;
- njhlu;r;rpahd ,Nuiffs;
- re;jk;
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 1.1.1.2 : • ghlrhiyr; #oiy ed;F mtjhdpj;J rpj;jpukhf tiuag;

nghUj;jkhd xU fhl;rpiaj; njupT nra;J nfhs;SkhW
khztu;fis topelj;Jf.
• njupT nra;ag;gl;l fhl;rpapd; gUkl;lhd glj;ij ngd;rpyhy;
tiuAk;gb nra;f.
• tiuag;gl;l glj;jpy; ,Nuifia cgNahfpj;J Kg;gupkhzg;
gz;ig ntspf;nfhzur; nra;f.
• Njit Vw; g Lk; re; j u; g ; g q; f spy; Kd; D }l; l y; f isAk;
gpd;D}l;;ly;fisAk; toq;Ff.
• epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j Vw;ghL nra;f.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 1.1.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; my;yJ ntspNa

nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• jkJ Mf;fq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpf;f tha;gg; spf;Ff.
• khztu; f sJ Mf; f q; f s; gw; w p mgptpUj; j p g+u; t khd
fUj;Jf;fis cs;slf;fp fye;Jiuahliy epfo;j;Jf.
• ,Nuiffspd; gz;ig cgNahfpj;J #oypy; cs;s gy
tbtq; f spd; gz; G fis ntspf; n fhzuyhk; vd; g ij
typAWj;Jf. (10 epkplq;fs;)
fzpg; g P L kjpg; g P l ; b w; f hd mwpTWj; j y; f s; :

fPNo cs;s tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL kjpg;gPl;by; <LgLf.
• ghlrhiyapd; ,aw;if> nraw;if #oypd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf; $Wjy;.
• ,Nuifr; rpj;jpuq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis tptupj;jy;.
• Mf;fj;jpd; gz;Gfis mtjhdpg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;ly;.
• ,Nuiffspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp ,Nuifr; rpj;jpuq;fs; tiujy;.
• ,Nuiffisf; ifhaz;L ngw;w gupr;raj;ij Vida epu;khzpg;GfspYk;
cgNahfpf;fyhk; vd;gJ gw;wpf; fUj;Jf;fs; njuptpj;jy;.
• VidNahupd; rpj;jpug; gilg;Gf;fis kjpj;jy;.
fPNo cs;s jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; nraw;ghLfis xOq;fikf;Ff.

1.1.2 gy kdpj nka;e; epiyfis ,Nuiffshy; tiuNthk; - (2 ghlNtisfs;)
1.1.3 gy tpyq;F nka;e; epiyfis ,Nuiffshy; tiuNthk; - (2 ghlNtisfs;)
2
Nju; r ; r p 1.0 : Rw;whly; rhu;e;j fUg;nghUs;fspd; fPo; rpj;jpuq;fis
tiuthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 1.2 : ,aw;if> nraw;ifr; #oy; rhu;e;j rpj;jpuq;fis tiuthu;.
nraw; g hL 1.2.1 : ~~rkar; #oiy tu;zq;fshy; fhl;LNthk;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kdpj cUtq;fisAk; Vida

cUtq;fisAk; rpj;jpukhf tiuthu;.
• rpj;jpuf; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;
tpsf;fj;Jld; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• nghUj;jkhd tu;zq;fis cgNahfpj;J rpj;jpuj;ijg; g+uzg;
gLj;Jthu;.
• kw;wtu;fSila epu;khzpg;Gfis kjpj;J eag;ghu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • tiujy; jhs;fs;

• rkar; rlq;nfhd;W fhl;lg;gLk; fhnzhsp> Gifg;glq;fs;
• khjpupr; rpj;jpuq;fs;
• ngd;rpy;fs;> tu;zq;fs;

gbKiw 1.2.2.1 : • rkar; rlq;nfhd;W rpj;jupf;ff;$ba fhnzhsp> Gifg;
glq;fs;> khjpupr; rpj;jpuq;fs; my;yJ NtW xU Kiwiaf;
nfhz;L ghlj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;Ff.
• khjpupr; rpj;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp> gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis
typAWj;jpf; fye;JiuahLf.
- jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kdpj cUtq;fSk; #oypd;
RghtKk;
- mbg;gil ,Nuif tbtq;fs;> tu;zk;> jsk; vd;gtw;iw
cgNahfpj;jpUf;Fk; tpjk;
- Kd;dzp> ,ilazp> gpd;dzp vd NtWgLj;jp rkepiyg;
gz;G NgZk; tpjj;jpy; cUtq;fis xOq;fikj;jpUf;Fk;
tpjk;
- Nfhl;ghLfis cgNahfpj;J Kg;gupkhzj; jd;ik ntspg;
gLj;jg;gl;bUj;jy;.
- czu;r;rp ntspg;ghL
(10 epkplq;fs;)
3
gbKiw 1.2.1.2 : • rkaf; fUg;nghUnshd;iw tiutjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd xU
re;ju;gg
; j;ij/epfo;itj; njupTnra;J nfhs;SkhW khztiu
topg;gLj;Jf.
• rpj;jpuj;ij epu;khzpf;fj; Njitahdtw;iw khztu;fSf;F
toq;Ff.
• NjitNaw;gLk; NghJ Kd;D}l;ly;fisAk; gpd;D}l;ly;
fisAk; toq;Ff.
• Njitahd Kd;D}l;ly;fisAk; gpdD ; }l;ly;fisAk; toq;Ff.
• khztu; f s; nraw; g hl; b y; <Lgl; b Uf; F k; N ghJ Njit
Vw;gLk;NghJ cjtpfis toq;Ff.
• khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j Vw;ghL
nra;f.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 1.2.1.3 : • khztu; Mf;fq;fis tFg;giwapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.

• jkJ Mf; f q; f s; njhlu; g hd fUj; J f; f is ntspapl
khztu;f;F re;ju;g;gk; mspf;Ff.
• khztu; kjpg;gPl;bd; gpd;du; khztu; Mf;fq;fspy; tpUj;jp
nra;af; $ba Kiwfis ntspf;fhl;b kPsha;tpy; <LgLf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• jiyg; G f; F g; nghUj; j khd kdpj cUtq; f isAk; Vida tbtq; f isAk;
xUq;fpizj;jy;.
• rpj;jpuf;Nfhl;ghLfisAk; mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk; cgNahfpj;jy;.
• nghUj;jkhd tu;zq;fis cgNahfpj;J rpj;jpuj;ijg; g+uzg;gLj;Jjy;.
• kw;wtu;fsJ epu;khzpg;Gfis kjpg;gply;.
jug;gl;l jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.

1.2.2 fhl;by; cyTk; tpyq;Ffs; (2 ghlNtisfs;)
1.2.3 mUtpapy; my;yJ Mw;wpy; ePuhLk; ez;gu;fs; (3 ghlNtisfs;)
1.2.4 rpukjhdk; nra;Ak; kdpju;fs; (3 ghlNtisfs;)
1.2.5 ky;Yf;fl;Lk; ,U tpyq;Ffs; (2 ghlNtisfs;)
4
Nju; r ; r p 2.0 : Rw; w hlypy; fhzg; g Lk; nghUs; f is xUq; f pizj; J r;
rpj; j puq; f shf tiuthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 2.1 : vspikahd Nfj;jpufzpj cUtg; nghUs;fs;> kw;Wk; gy;NtW

jhtug; gFjpfis ,Nuiffs; %yk; fw;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 2.1.1 : ~~cUis tbthd Ftis xd;Wf;Fs; ,lg;gl;l FNwhl;ld;

fpisnahd;iw ,Nuiffshy; tiuNthk;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • nghUl;fspd; jd;ik> ,ay;G gw;wp fye;JiuahLthu;.

• vspikahd Nfj;jpu fzpj cUtq;fis ngd;rpyhy; tiue;J
tu;zk; jPl;Lthu;.
• ,Nuifapd; gy;NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfs; ntspg;gLk; tifapy;
tiuthu;.
• xOq;fpizj;j nghUl;fis rpj;jpukhf tiua Nfhl;ghl;L
Kiwfisf; filg;gpbg;ghu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • nghUs;fisg; ghu;j;J tiutjw;Fj; Njitahd Vida

cs;sL P fs;
• cUis tbtKila gpsh];bf; Ftis (Jug)
• ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J ,iyfisf; nfhz;l FNwhl;ld;
fpis xd;W
• jhq;fpnahd;W
• 2B, 4B tifg; ngd;rpy;fs;
• rpj;jpuk; tiuAk; jhs;fs;
• rpj;jpuk; tiua cjTk; gyiffs;

gbKiw 2.1.1.1 : • cUis tbtkhd FtisiaAk; FNwhl;ld; fpisiaAk;
fhz;gpj;J mijg; gw;wp tpdTtJld; ghlj;jpw; gpuNtrpf;Ff.
• fPNo cs;s tplaq;fspy; mtjhdk; nrYj;jp fye;Jiu
ahliy elj;Jf.
- Ftisf;F tise;j Nkw;gug;nghd;Wk; tl;ltbtkhd ,U
Kfq;fSk; cs;snjd.
- FNwhl;ld; fpisapy; ,iyfs; mike;jpUf;Fk; tpjk;
mjd; re;jk;> tu;zk; Mok; vd;gJ gw;wp.
- cUis tbtkhd Ftisf;Fk; FNwhl;ld; fpisf;Fk;
xsp epoy; gLtjhy; Kg;gupkhzj; jd;ikia ntspgg ; Lj;jf;
$ba tpjk;.
5
• nghUs; ghu;j;J tiuAk; rpj;jpuj;jpd; nghUl;L gad;gLj;Jk;
Nfhl;ghLfs; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
- xsp epoy;> Kg;gupkhzk;> Nkw;gug;gpd; ,ay;G
- gupkhzk;> msT> J}uNehf;F> jsg;gad;ghL
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 2.1.1.2 : • tiujw; jhs; f isAk; Njitahd ngd; r py; f isAk;

khztu;fSf;F toq;Ff.
• Fwpg;gpl;l nghUs;fis khztu;fs; ghu;itapLk; tifapy;
tFg;gpd; Kd;dhy; tiujw; gyif xd;wpd; kPJ itf;Ff.
• khztu;fis nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jf.
• epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jj; jahuhFf.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 2.1.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.

• fhl; r pg; g Lj; j pa epu; k hzq; f s; gw; w p Ra kjpg; g P l ; L f; F
tha;g;gspf;Ff.
• epu;khzpg;Gfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jfis Kd;itf;f Vida
khztu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• xl;Lnkhj;jr; nraw;ghLk; mlq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; kPsha;tpy;
<LgLf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• nghUs;fspd; fdtsitf; fUjp nghUs;fspd; Fztpay;Gfis fye;Jiuahly;.
• Nfj;jpu fzpj> ,aw;ifg; nghUl;fspd; mbg;gil tbit ngd;rpyhy; tiujy;.
• ,Nuiffspd; gy;NtWgl;l gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLk; tpjj;jpy; rpj;jpuj;ij tiujy;.
• nghUl;$l;l xOq;fikg;Gf; Nfhl;ghLfis xOq;F Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jy;.
fPNo cs;s jiyg;gpd;fPo; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;il jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;f.

2.1.2 jpz;kg;nghUs;> ge;J xd;iw ,Nuiffshy; tiujy; - (02 ghlNtisfs;)
6
Nju; r ; r p 2.0 : Rw; w hlypy; fhzg; g Lk; nghUs; f is xUq; f pizj; J
jpul; L r; rpj; j puq; f shf tiuthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 2.2 : vspikahd Nfj;jpufzpj tbtKila nghUs;fisAk; jhtug;

gFjpfisAk; tiue;J tu;zk; jPl;Ltu;.
nraw; g hL 2.2.1 : ~~me;J}upak; nrbnahd;W ,lg;gl;l kl;Flnkhd;iwAk; fdTU

xd;iwAk; tiuNthk;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • Nfj;jpu fzpj cUtq;fs; ,aw;if nghUl;fSf;F mbg;gil

ahf mike;j vopikahd tbtk; gw;wp fye;JiuahLthu;.
• Nfhs tbtk;> jhtuj;jpd; ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWgl;l
tbtk;> gupkhzq;fis fw;ghu;.
• gy;NtWgl;l jhtug; gFjpfspd; gz;Gfs; ntspgg; Lk; tpjj;jpy;
ngd;rpyhy; ntspf; nfhzu;thu;.
• xsp epoy;> Kg;gupkhzj; jd;ik> msTj;jpl;lk;> J}uNehf;F>
Nkw;gug;Gj;jd;ik> jsj;jpd; cgNahfpj;jy; vd;gtw;iwg;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L nghUl; njhFjpia ghu;j;J tiuthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • nghUs;fisg; ghu;j;J tiutjw;Fj; Njitahd Vida

cs;sL P fs;
• kl;Flnkhd;W
• me;J}upak; nrbnahd;W
• fhl;Nghl; ngl;bnahd;W
• nghUs;fis itf;fg; nghUj;jkhd jhq;fpnahd;W
• tiujw; jhs;fs;> ePu; tu;zk;> ng];ly; tu;zk;> ngd;rpy;

gbKiw 2.2.1.1 : • me;J}upak; nrb> kl;Flk;> fhl;Nghl; ngl;b vd;gtw;iw
fhz;gpj;J mit gw;wp tpdTtJld; ghlj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;Ff.
• fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fis cs;slf;fp fye;JiuahLf.
- kl;Flk;> me;J}upak; nrb> fhl;Nghl; ngl;b vd;gtw;wpd;
mbg;gil tbtq;fs;
- me;J}upak; nrbapd; ,iyfs; mike;jpUf;Fk; tpjk; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLf.
• nghUl; njhFjpia ghu;jJ ; tiuAk;NghJ rpj;jpuf; Nfhl;ghL
fis Nehf;fr; nra;f.
- xsp> epo;> Kg;gupkhzj;jd;ik> Nkw;gug;Gj; jd;ik
- mstPLk;> nfhs;ssTk;
- J}u Nehf;Fk;> jsg; gpuNahfKk;
7
• g];uy; my;yJ ePu; tu;z Clfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp nghUl;fspd;
,ay;G> gz;Gfis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w khjpupfis tpsf;Ff.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 2.2.1.2 : • me;J}upak; nrb ,l;l Flj;ij jhq;fp kPJ itj;J> fdTUit
Flj;Jf;F gpd;dhy; mikAkhW itf;Ff.
• vy;yh khztu;fSk; ,tw;iw ghu;itaplf;$bathW nghUl;
njhFjpia tFg;Gf;F Kd;dhy; fz;kl;lj;jpd; fPo; itf;Ff.
• khztu;fis nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jf.
• epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fj; jahuhFf.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 2.2.1.3 : • khztu;fs; epu;khzpj;jtw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Ff.

• Ra kjpg;gPl;Lf;F tha;g;gspf;Ff.
• Mf;fq;fs; nrk;ikahf mikAk; tpjj;jpyhd fUj;Jfis
Kd;itf;f khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• xl;Lnkhj;j nraw;ghl;il kPsha;T nra;f.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL kjpg;gPl;by; <LgLf.
• nghUs;fis xg;gpLifapy; mtw;wpd; rhu;gstpyhd vspa tbtk; gw;wpa
fye;Jiuahly;
• fdTUtk;> Nfhsk;> ,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghL> tbtk;> gupkhzj;ijf;
fw;wy;.
• nghUs;fspd; mstPLfisAk; gz;GfisAk; ,dq;fz;L tiujy;.
• tu;z cgNahfpg;gpd; %yk; nghUs;fspd; gy NtWgl;l jd;ikiaAk; ,ay;GfisAk;
ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.
• nghUl;fspd; gy;NtW jd;ik ,ay;Gfs; ntspg;gLk; tifapy; tu;zk; jPl;ly;
fP o ; f hZk; njhdpg; n ghUspy; kw; n whU nraw; g hl; i l jpl; l kpLf.

2.2.2 Nghj;jy; xd;W> ge;J> ngupa Gj;jfk; (mfuhjp) xd;W tiue;J tu;zk; jPlL ; Nthk;.
(2 ghlNtisfs;)
8
Nju; r ; r p 3.0 : gad;ghl;Lj; NjitfSf;fhf myq;fhug; gilg;ghf;fj;jpy;
<LgLthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 3.1 : jhtuj;ij mbg;gilahff;; nfhz;L myq;fupgG

; fs; epuk
; hzpgg
; hu;.
nraw; g hL 3.1.1 : ~~g+> ,iy tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L myq;fhuj; Jzptiffs;;.||

Mf;FNthk;/epu;khzpg;Nghk;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • #oypy; fhzg;gLk; jhtutpay; %yq;fSs; vspikahd

tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L myq;fupg;G myFfs; Mf;Fthu;.
• Mf;fpa myq;fupg;G myFfisr; rkdpiyahfg; nghUj;jp
aikj;J guTU myq;fhunkhd;W Mf;Fthu;.
• Nfj;jpu fzpj cgfuzq;fis rupahfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• Mu;tj;Jld; njhopw;gLthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • tiujw; jhs;fs;> tu;zq;fs;> jpR jhs;(Tracing Paper)> ngd;rpy>;
J}upif
• ,izg;G 3.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa Ma;T/ nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jw;
gbtk;
• kyu;> ,iy> nkhl;L> fha; Nghd;wtw;wpd; khjpupg;glq;fs;.

gbKiw 3.1.1.1 : • khjpup g+f;fs;> ,iyfs;> nkhl;Lf;fs;> fha;fs; vd;git
kPJ ftdj;ij <u;f;Ff.
• mtw;wpd; tbtk;> tu;zk; vd;git gw;wp khztu;fsplk;
tpdTf.
• ,tw;wpd; tbtq;fis myq;fhuf; fhl;LUthfg; gad;gLj;J
tjd; %yk; guT &g myq;fhu Mf;fj;ij epu;khzpf;fyhk;
vd;gJ gw;wp khztu;fsplk; fye;JiuahLf.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 3.1.1.2 : • ,izg;G 3.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa Ma;T/nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jy;

gbtj;jpd; gpujpfis khztu;fsplk; toq;fp nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLj;Jf.
• NjitahdNghJ Kd;D}l;ly;fisAk; gpd;D}l;ly;fisAk;
toq;Ff.
• jkJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;f Maj;jQ; nra;J
nfhs;SkhW topg;gLj;Jf.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
9
gbKiw 3.1.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Ff.
• gpw khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fisAk; kjpg;gpLtjw;F re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Ff.
• epuk
; hzpgg
; pd; epiwT> tbtk;> nghUj;jkhd may; tu;zq;fs;
cgNahfpjj ; y;> cgfuzq;fisf; ifahz;l tpjk;> Mf;fg+u;t
khd jd;ik Mfpatw;iw ntspf;nfhzUk; tpjj;jpy; rpW
fye;Jiuahlypy; <LgLf.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
• jhtu %yq;fisf; nfhz;L myq;fupg;G myFfs; Mf;Fjy;.
• guTU myq;fupg;Gf;fs; Mf;Fk;NghJ myq;fupg;G myFfisr; rkdpiyahfg; gad;
gLj;jy;.
• myq;fupg;gpd; nghUl;L Kiwahf Nfj;jpu fzpj cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;.
• Mu;tj;Jld; nraw;ghl;ilr; rpwg;ghfg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
,izg;G 3.1.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jw; gbtk;
• ,iy> nkhl;L> g+> fha; vd;gtw;iw ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• mtw;wpy; xd;iw my;yJ gyijj; njupTnra;J mtw;wpd; mbg;gil tbtj;ij tiue;J
nfhs;f.
• mt;TUit cgNahfpj;J myq;fhuj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjj;jpy; vspikahd myq;fhuf;
fhl;LUnthd;whf epu;khzpj;Jf; nfhs;f. (rPj;ijj; Jzpnahd;Wf;F)
• tiue;J nfhz;l myq;fupg;G myif> rkepiyahf nghUj;jp guT&g myq;fupg;ghf
tiujy; jhspy; gpujp nra;f. (jpRj;jhis rupahfg; gad;gLj;Jf.)
• mtw;iw may; tu;zq;fis cgNahfpj;J epwe;jPl;Lf.
• mtw;iw J}a;ikahfTk; Neu;j;jpahfTk; g+uzg;gLj;Jtjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jf.
• epu;khzpg;ig tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J> mJ gw;wpf; fUj;J njuptpf;fj; jahuhFf.
• Njit Vw;gLk;NghJ Mrpupaupd;/Mrpupiaapd; cjtpia ehLf.
fP o ; f hZk; njhdpg; n ghUspy; kw; n whU nraw; g hl; i l jpl; l kpLf.

3.1.2 ~~kuG uPjpahd jhtutpay; myq;fupg;Gf;fisg; gad;gLj;jp> KOj;js
myq;fupg;nghd;wpid|| Mf;FNthk;. - (ghlNtis 03)
cjhuzk; : epytpupg;G
jOtiz (Cushion) ciw
cl;$iu (ghT) myq;fupg;G
Nkir tpupg;G
jl;lk; (Tray)
10
<LgLthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 3.2 : may; tu;zk;> vjpu; tu;zq;fisg;; gad;gLj;jp myq;fhu

epu;khzpg;Gfisr; nra;thu;.
nraw; g hL 3.2.1 : ~~,aw;if cUf;fisAk; etPd cUf;fisAk; nfhz;L

myq;fupg;Gf; Nfhyq;fis epu;khzpg;Nghk;;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • guT&g myq;fupg;G Mf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfisf;

fw;ghu;.
• ,aw;ifahd tbtq;fisAk; fUj;Jepiyahd tbtq;fis
Ak; myq;fupg;G myFfshfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• myq;fupg;G myFfis xU Nfhyj;jpy; gug;gp myq;fhu
nkhd;W tiuthu;.
• Nfhyk;> fzpj mbg;giliaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;w tpsf;fj;
Jld; nraw;gLthu;.
• may; tu;zq;fs;> vjpu; tu;zq;fspd; ,ay;Gfis> jsTU
tq;fSf;Fk; gpdd
; zpfF
; k; ,ilapyhd NtWghLfisg; gad;
gLj;jp myq;fhuq;fSf;F tu;ze;jPl;Lthu;.
• tu;z rhay;fisf; nfhz;L Kg;gupkhz gz;Gfs; ntspg;gL
khW tbtq;fis tu;zk; jPl;Lthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • tiujw; jhs;fs;

• tu;zk;
• ngd;rpy;fs;
• Nfj;jpufzpj cgfuzq;fs;
• myq;fhuf; Nfhyq;fisf; fhl;Lk; khjpupr; rpj;jpuq;fs;.

gbKiw 3.2.1.1 : • NfhyTUr; rpj;jpuq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp> mit gw;wp
khztu;fsplk; tpdTf.
• jhk; ghu;j;Js;s mt;thwhd rpj;jpuq;fs; gw;wp tprhupj;jwpf.
• gilg; g hf; f j; j pw; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J tjw; N fw; g ,aw; i f
cUf;fs;> m&g cUf;fs;> may; tu;zk;> vjpu; tu;zk;
vd;gd gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.
• Nfhyg; gilg;ghf;fq;fSf;Ff; fzpj mbg;gil cz;L
vd;gij typAWj;Jf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
11
gbKiw 3.2.1.2 : • ,aw;if tbtq;fSk;> m&g tbtq;fSk; fye;j myq;fupg;G
myFfis mikf;f topfhl;Lf.
• myq;fupg;G myFfis xU Nfhyj;jpy; tupirg;gLj;Jk;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Ff.
• may; tu; z q; f isAk; > vjpu; tu; z q; f isAk; gw; w p
khztUf;F mwpT+l;lk; nra;f.
• may; tu;zq;fs;> vjpu; tu;zq;fs; vd;gd cgNahfpj;J
jstbtq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jf.
• xl;Lnkhj;j Mf;fk; KOepiwTilajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij typAWj;Jf.
(95 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 3.2.1.3 : • nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;

gLj;Jf.
• Vidatu;fsJ epu;khzpg;Gfis kjpg;gpl tha;g;gspf;Ff.
• khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;af;$bajhd
fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;Ff.
(15 epkplq;fs;)

• guT&g myq;fupg;G Mf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfisf; fw;wy;
• myFfSf;fhf ,aw;ifahd tbtq;fisAk; m&g tbtq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jf.
• myq;fupg;G myFfis Nfhynkhd;Wf;fika ,Ltjhy; guT&g myq;fhuj;ij
tiujy;.
• Nfhyq;fSf;F fzpj mbg;gil cz;L vd;gij tpsq;fpr; nraw;gly;.
• may; tu;zq;fs;> vjpu; tu;zq;fspd; rhay;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tbtq;fis Kg;gupkhz
mikg;gpy; tu;zk; jPl;Ljy;.
12
<LgLthu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 3.3.1 : Fspu; tu;zk;> ntg;g tu;zq;fisAk; tu;zr; rhaq;fisAk;

gad;gLj;jp myq;fupg;Gf;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 3.3.1 : ~~khjpupf; fbjk; jhq;fpnahd;iw epu;khzpg;Nghk;;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • mwpTWj;jy; gbtj;ij thrpj;J gbKiwapy; nraw;gLthu;.

• Fspu; tu;zk;> ntg;g tu;zk;> tu;zr; rhay;fis tpsf;fj;
Jld; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• Nfj;jpu fzpj> cgfuzq;fis Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• fj;jp> fj;jupf;Nfhy; Nghd;w cgfuzq;fis cupa Kiwapy;
gpioapd;wp gad;gLj;Jthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,izg;G 3.3.1.1 y; cs;s Ma;T/ nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jy;

• Fspu;tu;zk;> ntg;g tu;zk;> tu;zr; rhaq;fisf; fhl;Lk;
gy;NtW tbt ml;ilfs;
• fj;jupf;Nfhy;> fljhrp ntl;Lk; fj;jp (Cutter Knife), Nfhl;E}y;>
gir (Binder Gum)
• gpwprpy; Nghl; my;yJ mJ Nghd;w NtW Nghl;
• Nfj;jpu fzpj cgfuzk;

gbKiw 3.3.1.1 : • tu;z ml;ilfis khztu;fspd; mtjhdj;jpwF ; cl;gLj;Jf.
• mtw;wpd; tu;zk; gw;wp fye;JiuahlYf;F cl;gLj;jp> Fspu;
tu; z k; > ntg; g tu; z r; rhay; gw; w pa khztu; f spd;
epidthw;wiyj; J}z;Lf.
• mt;tu;zq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Kg;gupkhz ,ay;gfisf;
nfhz;l epu;khdpg;nghd;iw Mf;Ftjw;F Cf;Ftpf;f.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 3.3.1.2 : • ,izg;G 3.3.1.1 ,d; Ma;T/ nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jy;

gbtj;ij gad;gLj;jp nraypy; <LgLt jw;F mwpTWj;Jf.
• jpwikahd> eypthd khztu;fis ,dq;fz;L nraw;ghl;bd;
,Wjptiu nraw;gLj;Jf.
• khztUf;Fj; Njitahd Kd;D}l;lhy;fisAk; gpd;D}l;ly;
fisAk; toq;Ff.
• ghl tpUj;jpapd; nghUl;L jpwd;kpf;f khztu;fs; cjtpiag;
ngWf. (130 epkplq;fs;)
13
gbKiw 3.3.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jr; re;ju;g;g
kspj;J> fye;Jiuahb> kjpg;gPL nra;f.
• Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Mf;fq;fspd; fUj;Jfis njuptpff
; Vida
khztUf;F tha;g;gspf;Ff.
(20 epkplq;fs;)

• nghUj;jkhd fUtpfisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jy;
• Mf;fg+u;tkhd myq;fhuj;ijj; njupTnra;J ntl;bnaLj;jy;.
• tu;z Ngjq;fs; Clhf Nfhyq;fs; ntspg;gLk; tpjj;jpy; khjpup fbjk; jhq;fp
xd;iw epu;khzpj;jy;
• xOq;F Kiwapy; fhupaj;jpy; <LgLjy;.
,izg;G 3.3.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• ckf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;s jbj;j fhl; Nghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp 8" x 12" mq;Fy mstpYk;
8" x 8" mq;Fy mstpYk; ,U Jz;Lfis ntl;bf; nfhs;f.
• 12" x 8"msTila ml;ilapd; mfyg;gf;f ,U %iyfspy; 2" mq;Fy mfyj;jpy; tpy;
tisT Nghd;w mikg;ig rkr;rPuhf tiue;J nfhs;f. (cU 03 ,y; cs;sthW)
gpd;du; ntl;bf; nfhs;f.)
• xU tu;zj;jpd; rhaypy; ckf;F tpUk;gpa tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;jp 8" x 12" mstila
fhl;Nghl; Jz;il tu;zk; jPlL
; f. (m&g tbtk;> kyu;> ,iy Nghd;w ve;j tbtj;ijAk;
gad;gLj;j KbAk;)
• Fspu;tu;zk;> ntg;g tu;zk; gad;gLj;jp 8" x 8" gpukhzg; gFjpia tu;zk; jPl;Lf.
• 8" x 8" mq;Fyk; msTila gFjpapy; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s 4 cUf; Fwpg;gpd;gb
tiuag;gl;Ls;s Kwp Nfhl;bd; topahf epow;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpia ntl;b mfw;Wf.
(,yf;fq;fSf;F Vw;g Kiwahf cUf; Fwpg;ig mtjhdpf;Ff.)
• 8" x 12" mq;Fyf; fhl;Nghl; gFjpapd; kj;jpapy; 6" x 7" mq;Fy msT nrt;tk;
xd;iwf; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;f. (cU 05 ,d;gb)
• Fwpj;j fl;lj;jpd; (cU 05 ,y; cs;sgb) jbj;j fhz;gpj;j gFjpfis $uhd
fUtpnahd;iw cgNahfpj;J ntl;Lf.
• 8" x 8" msTila ml;ilapy; ngwg;gl;l Kf;Nfhz mikg;Gfis gpd;Gwkhf kbj;J
nghf;fl; tbtpy; mikj;Jf; nfhs;f. (cU 06 ,d;gb)
• cUthf;fpa nghf;nfl; tbtj;ij Kd;du; (cU. 05 ,y;) ntl;lg;gl;l ntl;LfSf;Fs;
GFj;jp ntspg;Gwkhf mjid xl;bf;nfhs;f. (cU. 07)
• tpy; tbtkhd gFjpapd; kj;jpapy; Jisapl;L Rtupy; njhq;ff;$bathW E}yhy;
fl;Lf.;; ePu; mikj;j nghUis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
14
8''
8''
12''
8''
cU 01 cU 02
8''
ntl;b mfw;wg;gl;l gFjp
1'' 1''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1'' 1''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
8'' 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
2'' 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
7''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1'' 1'' 8''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1'' 11/2''
6''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
11/2'' 1''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
12'' 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1''
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
cU 04
,Us;g;gLj;jp ,Uf;Fk; rfy

gFjpfisAk; ntl;b mfw;Wjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
cU 03
15
6''
1'' 1''
12'
1'' 1''
ntl;lg;gl Ntz;ba gFjpfs;
7'' fLk; ,Nuif %yk;
1'' 1'' fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
1'' 11/2'' 11/2'' 1''
1''
1'' 1''
cU 5
kbj;J tisj;Jf; nfhz;L

nghf;fl;il jahupj;Jf;nfhs;sy;. cU 6
fbjj; jhq;fpiaj; J}f;Ftjw;F

Jthuk; ,l;Lf;nfhs;f.
cU 7 nghf;fl;by; cs;s Kf;Nfhzg;

gFjpfis jsj;jpy; ntl;b
,Uf;Fk; ,ilntspf;Fs; ,l;L
kWgf;fj;jpy; xl;bf;nfhs;f.
16
Nju;r;rp 4.0 : cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Nritj; NjitfSf;fhf fpwgpf; Mf;fq;fs;
gilg; g hu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 4.1 : ntt;NtW nkhop Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp vOj;JUf;fis

vOJthu;.
nraw; g hL 4.1.1 : ~~ghlrhiyapd; ngau;g;gyifia tiuNthk;;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • gynkhop vOj;JUf;fspd; tbtq;fis Muha;e;J fw;ghu;.

• gy nkhop vOj;JUf;fis gad;gLj;jp jahupf;fg;gl;l
Mf;fG+u;tkhd vOj;Jf;fs; gw;wp fye;JiuahLthu;.
• fzpdpapdhYk; iffspdhYk; tiutjd; %yk; gynkhop
vOj;JUf;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhf vOJk; jpwidg;ngWthu;.
• ghlrhiyg; ngau;g;gyifia tiuthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,izg;G 4.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa Ma;T/nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jw;

gbtj;jpd; gpujpfs;
• Ngh];lu; tu;zk;> ngd;rpy;> J}upif
• gpup];ly; Nghl;> gpujpapLk; jhs;fs;
• Litd; E}y;> ,izg;G Crpfs; (Paper clip)
• gj;jpupiffspy;; ntspahd gy epWtdq;fspd; ngau;fs;
(rw;Wg; ngupa mstpyhd vOj;JUf;fisf;nfhz;l)

gbKiw 4.1.1.1 : • gj;jpupiffspy; ntspahd gy epWtdq;fspd; ngau;fis
tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• mit gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis khztu;fsplk; tpdTf.
• gy nkhopfSf;Fupa vOj;JUf;fspd; tbtq;fisf; fye;Jiu
ahLf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 4.1.1.2 : • ,izg;G 4.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa Ma;T / nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jw;

gbtj;jpd; gpujpfis khztu;fSf;F toq;Ff.
• tiujw; jhs;fs;> Njitahd cgfuzq;fis khztu;
fSf;F toq;Ff.
• khztu;fisr; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jf.
• g+uzg; g Lj; j pa Mf; f q; f is tFg; g py; fhl; r pg; g Lj; j j;
jahuhFf.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
17
gbKiw 4.1.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• mtw;iwg; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis njuptpf;f khztu;fSf;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• mtu;fsJ epu;khzpg;Gfspy; NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba
tplaq;fis Kd;itj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• gy;NtW nkhopfSf;Fupa vOj;Jf;fspd; tbtikg;igf; fw;wy;
• gy;NtW nkhopfspy; tiuag;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; gw;wp fye;Jiuahly;
• vOj;JUf;fs; gad;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fis tpgupj;Jf; $Wjy;.
• tiue;Jk;> fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;jpAk; vOj;JUf;fis tiujy;.
• ghlrhiyapd; ngau;g; gyifia epu;khzpj;jy;.
,izg;G 4.1.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l mr;rpl;l ngau;fis ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• mt; vOj;JUf;fs; Nfj;jpu fzpj ,ay;igf; nfhz;L mike;jpUg;gij Nehf;Ff.
• ghlrhiyg; ngau; gyiff;Fg; nghUj;jkhf tl;l tbtj;ijf; nfhz;l vOj;JUf;fisj;
njupT nra;f.
• jpl;lkpl;l ghlrhiyg; ngau;g;gyifia jhs; xd;wpy; gpujpapl;Lf; nfhs;f.
• nghUj;jkhd tu;zq;fis cgNahfpj;J vOj;JUf;fis tu;zk; jPl;Lf.
• g+uzg;gLj;jpa ngau;g;gyifia tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
18
Nju; r ; r p 4.0 : cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Nritj; NjitfSf;fhf fpwgpf; Mf;fq;fs;
gilg; g hu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 4.2 : gy;NtW nkhopfSf;Fupa vOj;JUf;fisAk; vspikahd

glq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpf; fpwgpf; Mf;fj;ijg; gilg;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 4.2.1 : ~~tpsk;guk;; xd;iw epu;khzpg;Nghk;;.||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • tpsk;guj;jpd; nghUl;L Mf;fr;rpwg;Gila vOj;Jf;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
• nkhopfs; gytw;wpd; vOj;JU tbtq;fis Muha;eJ ; fw;ghu;.
• gy nkhopfSf;Fupa vOj;JUf;fis tiuAk; jpwidg; ngW
thu;.
• vOj;JUf;fSld; vspa cUf;fisj; njhlu;GgLj;jp
mwptpjj
; y;fis epuk
; hzpff
; j; epuk
; hzpgG
; fisj; jpll
; kpLthu;.
• fzpdpapdhy; my;yJ iffspdhy; tiutjd; %yk; tpohf;
fSf;Fupa tpsk;guj;ij epu;khzpg;ghu;.

gbtj;jpd; gpujpfs;.
• Ngh];lu; tu;zk;> J}upif> ngd;rpy;
• gpup];ly; Nghl;> gpujpapLk; jhs;fs;
• Litd; E}y;> ,izg;G Crpfs; (Paper clip)
• gj;jpupiffspy; ntspahd gytpj tpsk;guq;fs;
gbKiw 4.2.1.1 : • gj;jpupiffspy; ntspahd gytpj tpsk;guq;fisf; fhl;rpg;
gLj;Jf.
• mit gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis khztu;fsplk; tpdTf.
• vOj;JUf;fSld; cUtq;fs; njhlu;Ggl;bUf;Fk; tpjk; gw;wp
khztu;fis mwpTWj;Jf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 4.1.1.2 : • ,izg;G 4.2.1.1 ,w;Fupa Ma;T / nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jw;

gbtj;jpd; gpujpfis khztu;fSf;F toq;Ff.
• tiujw; jhs;fs;> fUtpfs; vd;gtw;iw khztu;fSf;F
toq;Ff.
• g+uzg; g Lj; j pa Mf; f q; f is tFg; g py; fhl; r pg; g Lj; j j;
jahuhFf. (60 epkplq;fs;)
19
gbKiw 4.1.1.3 : • epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jr; re;ju;gg ; k; toq;Ff.
• me; e pu; k hzpg; G fs; gw; w pa fUj; J f; f is njuptpf; f
tha;g;gspf;Ff.
• mtu;fsJ epu;khzpg;Gfspy; NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba
tplaq;fis Kd;itj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• tpsk;guq;fSf;fhf vOj;JUf;fisg; cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpgupjJ
; f;
$wy;.
• gy;NtW nkhop vOj;JUf;fspd; tbtikg;igf; fw;wy;.
• fzpdpapd; cjtpahy; my;yJ tiutjd; %yk; tpsk;guk; xd;iw epu;khzpj;jy;.
• ghlrhiyapd; tpoh xd;wpw;fhd mwptpj;jy; xd;iw epu;khzpj;jy;.
• gy;NtW vOj;Jf;fSld; vopa tbtq;fis ,izj;J ghlrhiy tpohtpw;fhd
tpsk;gu mwptpj;jiy epu;khzpj;jy;
,izg;G 4.2.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l mr;rpl;l mwptpj;jiy ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• mtw; w pd; vOj; J Uf; f s; Nfj; j pufzpj uP j papy; mikf; f g; g l; L s; s tpjj; i jAk;
cUtq;fSld; vOj;Jf;fs; nghUe;jpapUf;Fk; tpjj;ijAk; Nehf;Ff.
• mwptpj;jiy epu;khzpf;fg; ghlrhiyapd; tpohnthd;iwj; Nju;e;njLf;Ff.
- ghlrhiyapd; fiytpoh> ,irf;fr;Nrup
- rka tpohnthd;W
- ghlrhiyapd; tUlhe;jg; guprspg;G tpoh
• nghUj;jkhd cUtq;fis my;yJ epow;glq;fis cgNahfpf;Ff.
• cupa tpohTf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd vOj;JUf;fisj; njupT nra;tjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jf.
• vOj;JUf;fisAk; cUf;fisAk; Mf;fg+u;tkhd tpjj;jpy; njhlu;GgLj;jp mwptpj;jy;
xd;wpy; ,Uf;fNtz;ba gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;fp mjidj; jpl;lkpl;L
epu;khzpf;Ff.
• tpohtpd; ngau;> njhdpg;nghUs;> mjidf; Fwpf;Fk; rpW thf;fpak; my;yJ tpguk;
• mwptpj;jypd msTf;F Vw;g epow;glj;ij my;yJ glj;ij nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpy;
,Ljy;.
• jpfjp> Neuk;> eilngWk; ,lk; vd;gd Fwpj;jy;.
• kw;iwa Kf;fpa tplaq;fs; - jpdk;> Neuk;> eilngWk; ,lk;
• tpohtpd; jd;ikiaf; fUjp mwptpj;jypd; gpd;dzpf;Fg;nghUj;jkhd tu;zq;fisj;
njupTnra;J tu;zk; jPl;Lf.
• nra;J Kbj;j mwptpj;jiy tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
20
Nju; r ; r p 5.0 : gy;;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp rpw;g nrJf;F
Ntiyg; g hLfs; Mf; F thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 5.1 : mg;Gjy; El;gKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp> rpiyfis epu;khzpg;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 5.1.1 : ~~tpyq;F cUtk; my;yJ kdpj cUtk;|| mikg;Nghk;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • fspkz; Clfj;ij epu;khzpg;Gf;fhf cgNahfpg;ghu;.

• Clfj;jpd; jdpr;rpwg;ghd jd;ikfis mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.
• rpw;gg; gilg;ghf;fj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; mg;Gjy; El;g
Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• fUtpfisr; rupahff; ifahs;thu;.
• moFgLj;Jtjw;fhfr; rpw;gj;Jf;F epwe;jPl;Lthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,izg;G 5.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa Ma;T/ nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jy;

gj;jpuk;
• khjpup epu;khzpg;Gf;fs;
• khjpupg;glq;fs;> mg;gpf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
gjg;gLj;jpa fspkz;
• 1' x 1' (mb) msTila gyifj;Jz;L
• mg;Gtjw;F Njitahd cgfuz fUtpfs; (Tools)
• fk;gpf;Nfhy; (30 cm 4 caukhd)
• bik fljhrp> tu;zk;> J}upif

gbKiw 5.1.1.1 : • khjpup epu;khzpg;nghd;iwAk; rpy glq;fisAk; Mrpupaupd;
Nkirapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• khztu;fSld; mit gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.
• fspkz; Clfk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhfg; gad;gLk; El;gKiwfs;
gw;wp khztu;fis mwpT+l;Lf.
• gilg;ghf;fj;ij ntw;wpfukhfr; nra;tjw;fhf cgfuzq;
fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; tpjk; Fwpj;J khztUf;F tpsf;Ff.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
21
gbKiw 5.1.1.2 : • ,izg; G 5.1.1.3 ,y; jug; g l; L s; s Ma; T /nraw; g hl; L
mwpTWj;jy; gj;jpuj;ij khztu;f;F toq;Ff.
• mwpTWj;jy;fspdg; b khztiur; nraw;ghl;by; <Lglr; nra;f.
• Njitahd cgfuzq;fs;/fUtpfis toq;Ff.
• tiue;j gUkl;lhd glj;Jf;F mika rpwg; j;ijf; fl;bnaOg;G
khW khztiu topelj;Jf.
• g+u;j;jpnra;j Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j Maj;jQ;
nra;J nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;Jf.
(100 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 5.1.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; fhl;rpg;
gLj;Jf.
• jkJ Mf;fk; njhlu;ghf fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;fr; re;ju;gg;
kspf;Ff.
• Vidatu; f sJ epu; k hzpg; G fs; gw; w pa fUj; J f; f is
Kd;itj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
• rpw;gk; mikg;gjw;F fspkz; Clfj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
• Clfj;jpd; jdpj;Jtkhd gz;Gfis tpsf;Fjy;.
• mg;Gjy; Kiwapy; ,iynahd;iw epu;khzpj;jy;.
• myq;fhukhf tu;zk; jPl;ly;.
,izg;G 5.1.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• kdpj cUnthd;wpd; my;yJ tpyq;F cUnthd;wpd; gUkl;lhd glj;ij tiue;J
nfhs;f.
• fspia ed;F gjg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;f.
• gyifj;Jz;bd; kPJ Vwj;jho ,uz;L nrd;wpkPw;wu; (Xu; mq;Fy) caukhd fspg;gil
nahd;W mikj;Jf; nfhs;f.
• mf;fspg;gil kPJ jbj;j fk;gpf;Nfhiy eLf.
• fk;gpf;Nfhiyj; jhq;fpahff; nfhz;L> mjidr; Rw;wp cupa khjpupiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gf.
• fUtpfis (Tools) gad;gLj;jp> cUtj;ijg; g+u;j;jp nra;f.
• XusT cyu;e;j gpd;du; kj;jpapy; cs;s rk;gpf;Nfhiyf; ftdkhf mg;Gwg;gLj;Jf.
• ed;F cyu;e;j gpd;du;> tu;ze;jPl;b moFgLj;Jf.
• Mf;fj;ij tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Ff.
22
Nju; r ; r p 5.0 : gy;;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp nrJf;F Ntiyg;ghLfs;
Mf; F thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 5.2 : nghspjy; (nrJf;fy;) El;gKiwiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpiyfis

epu;khzpg;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 5.2.1 : ~~,aw;if kw;Wk; nraw;if cUf;fs; mlq;fpa rpW Gilg;Gr;

rpw;gk; xd;iwg; nghspNthk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • nghspjy; El;g Kiw gw;wp tptupg;ghu;.

• nu[pNghk; Clfj;ij nrJf;fy; NtiyfSf;Fg; gad;
gLj;Jthu; mjd; ,ay;ig fw;ghu;.
• rupahd gbKiwfSld; epu;khzpg;gpy; <LgLthu;.
• Gilg;Gr; nrJf;fYf;fhd xUq;fpizg;igj; jpl;lkpLthu;.
• khjpup jpl;likg;ig tiujy;> gpujpaply;> cguzj;ij rupahf
cgNahfpj;jy; vdk; jpwikfis ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.
• gytpj El;gKiwfis cgNahfpjJ; g; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy;
tu;zkpLthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • khjpup epu;khzq;fs;> khjpupg;glq;fs;

• nrJf;fYf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd 1" jbg;gKila 1" x 10"
mstpyhd nu[pNghk; jfLfs;
• ntl;lg; nghUj;jkhd fj;jp
• tiujw; jhs;fs;> fhgd; jhs;fs;
• ngd;rpy; (,y. 0)> Ngid> mopwg;gu;
• muj;jhs;> J}upiffs;
• gjhif g+r;R (mrw;wypf; G+r;R)> Rtnuhl;b G+r;R (Banner
Paint, Poster Paint)

gbKiw 5.2.1.1 : • khjpupg; glq;fisAk; epu;khzpg;GfisAk; khztu;fSf;Ff;
fhz;gpf;Ff. mtw;iw xt;nthd;whf mtjhdpf;fr; re;ju;g;g
kspf;Ff.
• mit gw;wp mtu;fSld; fye;JiuahLf.
• gad;gLj;jtpUf;Fk; Clfj;jpd; (nu[pNghkpd;) ,ay;Gfis
vLj;Jiuf;Ff.
• gilg;ghf;fj;jpd;NghJ cgfuzq;fis ghJfhg;ghf cg
Nahfpf;Fk; Kiw gw;wp mwpT+l;Lf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
23
gbKiw 5.2.1.2 : • nu[pNghk; jfl; b d; msTf; F j; jhs; xd; i w vLj; J
nrJf;fTs;s Mf;fj;jpd; gUkl;lhd glj;ij mjpy; tiua
topfhl;Lf.
• ,aw; i f kw; W k; kdpjdhy; Mf; f g; g l; l tbtq; f is
Mf;fg+u;tkhf tiue;J nfhs;tjpy; khztu;fSf;F cjTf.
• tiue;j glj;ij fhgd; jhspd; cjtpAld; nu[pNghk; jfl;by;
gpujpnra;J nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;Jf.
• fj;jpia cgNahfpj;J Njhz;l Ntz;ba gFjpfisAk;>
ntspj;js;spapUf;f Ntz;ba gFjpfisAk; rPuhf ntl;bf;
nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;Jf.
• kzw; fljhrpia cgNahfpj;J nrJf;fiy xg;gkhf;FkhW
mwpTWj;Jf.
• nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy; tu;zk; jPl;LkhW mwpTWj;Jf.
(100 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 5.2.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;giwapy; nghUj;jkhd

Xu; ,lj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• xt;nthu; Mf;fq;fs; gw;wpAk; jdpj;jdpahf tpdTf.
• Vida xt;Nthu; Mf;fk; gw;wpAk; fUj;Jf;fis tpdtpawpf.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• nghspjy; El;gKiw gw;wp tpgupj;Jf; $wy;.
• nu[pNghk; Clfj;ijAk; mjd; jd;ikiaAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;.
• Gilg;G nrJf;fYf;F nghUj;jkhd jpl;likg;ig jpl;lkply;
• jpll ; kpll
; ij tiujy;> gpujpaply;> fUtpfisr; rupahfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> G+uzg;gLj;jy;
Mfpa jpwd;fis ntspf;fhl;Ljy;;.
• nghUj;jkhd epwf;Nfhyq;fisAk; El;gKiwfisAk; cgNahfpj;J tu;zk; jPlL ; jy;.
24
Nju; r ; r p 5.0 : gy;;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp rpw;g> nrJf;F
Ntiyg; g hLfs; Mf; F thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 5.3 : xUq;fpizj;jy;/fl;bnaOg;Gjy; El;gKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp

epu;khzq;fisr; nra;thu;.
nraw; g hL 5.3.1 : ~~tpyq;F cU my;yJ kdpj cU xd;iw mikg;Nghk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 04
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • xUq;fpizj;jy; El;gKiw gw;wp fye;JiuahLthu;.

• xUq;fpizj;jYf;F gad;gLj;jf;$ba fopj;njhJf;fpa
nghUs;fis epu;khzpg;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• ntt;NtW Clfq;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ij mwpthu;.
• xUq;fpizj;jypd;NghJ gad;gLj;jf; $ba gy;NtW
Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• jsTUf;fis xUq;fpizj;jy; gw;wpa jpwidf; fhz;gpg;ghu;.
• tu;zk; jPl;Lk; gytpj El;g Kiwfisf; ifahs;thu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • khjpup epu;khzk; xd;W> khjpupg; glq;fs;

• Ngzpfs;> Ngidf; Fr;rpfs;> gpsh];bf; Foha;fs;> gpsh];bf;
jfLfs;> ,Uk;G/mYkpdpak;/nrg;G/gpjj; is> gyiff; fPyq;fs;>
fk;gp> Mzp> njwp Nghd;w fopTg; nghUs;fs;.
• gir tiffs; (igz;lu; fk;)> jPg;ngl;b> nkOFjpup
• J}upiffs;> tu;zk;> fljhrp> ngd;rpy;> FwL
• FwL/nghbntl;b (fk;gp> cNyhfj;jfL ntl;Ltjw;fhd
fj;jupf;Nfhy;)

gbKiw 5.3.1.1 : • khjpup epu; k hzj; i jg; nghUj; j khd ,lj; j py; itj; J
fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• khjpupg; glq;fisAk; tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• mit gw;wp khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLf.
• Njbg;ngw;w nghUs;fs; mtw;wpd; gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfs;
Fwpj;J khztUld; fUj;Jg;gupkhwpf; nfhs;f.
• ngw;Wf;nfhz;l nghUs;fis nghUj;jkhfTk; Mf;fg+u;tkhf
Tk; xUq;fpizf;Fk; tpjk; gw;wp khztUf;F mwpT+l;lk;
nra;f.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
25
gbKiw 5.3.1.2 : • cupa Ma;T / nraw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jw; gbtj;jpd; gpujpfis
khztu;fSf;F toq;Ff.
• ju cs;sPl;by; cs;s nghUs;fisAk; toq;Ff.
• mwpTWj;jw;gbtj;jpy; cs;sgb nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jf.
• khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jj;
jahuhf;Ff.
(140 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 5.3.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.

• mtw;iwg; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpf;f khztu;fSf;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba tplaq;fis Kd;itj;Jf;
fye;JiuahLf.
• ,t;thwhd gilg;ghf;fq;fspd; NghJ vjpu;Nehf;fg;gLk;
njhopDl;gg; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf;
nfhs;f.
(10 epkplq;fs;)
• fopTg; nghUs;fis xUq;fpizj;J epu;khzpg;gpy; <Lgly;.
• gy Clfq;fspd; jdpj;Jtg; gz;ig mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.
• NtWgl;l Kiwfis cgNahfpj;J xUq;fpizg;G epu;khzpg;gpy; <Lgly;.
• gy tbtk; nfhz;l nghUs;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; jpwidf; fhl;Ljy;.
• tu;zk; jPl;lf;$ba gy topKiwfis gpd;gw;Wjy;.
,izg;G 5.3.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• tFg;gpy; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gl;l khjpup epu;khzpg;igAk; glq;fisAk; ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• ckf;F toq;fg;gl;l nghUs;fisg; ngw;Wj; Njitf;Nfw;gg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;f.
• Njbg;ngw;w nghUs;fisj; Jizahff; nfhz;L> cUthf;fj;jf;f kdpj cUtpd;
my;yJ tpyq;F cUtpd; gUkl;lhd glj;ij jug;gl;Ls;s fljhrpj;jhspy; tiue;J
nfhs;f.
• Njitahd cgfuzq;fisj; (Tools) njupT nra;J nfhs;f.
• tiue;j gUkl;lhd glj;Jf;F Vw;g cupa tbtj;ij girapdhy; xl;bf; nfhs;f.
my;yJ fl;b /#Nlw;wp xl;bf; nfhs;f.
• nghUj;jkhd tu;zq;fisg; g+rp myq;fupf;Ff.
• epu;khzpj;J Kbe;jJk; tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j Maj;jQ; nra;J nfhs;f.
26
Nju; r ; r p 6.0 : rka gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L njupT
nra;ag;gl;l fiyQu;fspd; fiyg; gilg;Gf;fs; rkfhy
fl; G yf; fiyg; gilg; G fs; kw; W k; nghJrdj; njhlu;
G+lfq;fs; %yk; ,dq;fz;l fiy mk;rq;fis tpku;rd
uPjpapy; fpufpj;J mtw;wpd; ,ay;Gfis Ra gilg;ghf;fj;
Jf; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 6.1 : Mw;Wiff; fiyfs; jw;fhy ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fspw; fhzg;

gLfpd;w fl;Gyf;fiy mk;rq;fisf; fw;W eag;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 6.1.1 : ~~fhl;^d; epu;khzpg;Gfis eag;Nghk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • njhiyf;fhl;rp fhl;^d; epu;khzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• kdq;ftu;e;j re;ju;g;gq;fisf; fye;JiuahLthu;.
• kdq;ftu;e;j fhl;^d;fis tiuthu;.
• nghUj;jkhd epu;khzq;fis njupTnra;J ,urpj;J eag;ghu;.
• vspikahd jd;ikia kjpg;ghu;.

gbtj;jpd; gpujpfs;
• 6.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
• gps;isfSf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; fhl;^d; epfo;r;rpfis gjpT
nra;j fhl;rpfs;
• gps;isfs; kpfTk; tpUk;Gk; fhl;^d; epfo;r;rpfs; mlq;fpa
,Wntl;Lfs;> fzpdpg; nghwp
• fhnzhsp ,Wtl;L (VCD), ,yf;fKiw gy; jpwthf;fy; tl;L
(DVD), njhiyf;fhl;rp (fhl;^d; epfo;r;rpfisf; fhl;Lgit)

gbKiw 6.1.1.1 : • njupTnra;ag;gl;l fhl;^d; epfo;r;rpfs; rpytw;iw ghu;f;fr;
re;ju;g;gk; mspf;Ff.
• fhl;^d; glq;fis (cUtq;fis) Nehf;fr;nra;f.
• khztu;fsplk; mtu;fs; tpUk;Gk; epfo;rr; pfisg; gw;wp tpdTf.
• gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpf; fye;JiuahLf.
- fhl;^d; epuk
; hzq;fshy; tho;fi
; ff;F rpy gbg;gpidfisg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;
- eifr;Rit> Mr;rupak;> kpifg;gLj;jy;> elf;fr; rhj;jpa
khfhj epfo;r;rpfs; vd;git fhl;^d; fijfspy; mlq;fp
As;sik
- gy njhdpg; nghUs;fspd; fPo; fhl;^d;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ
27
- fzpdp njhopy; El;gj;jpd; %yk; fhl;^d; epfo;r;rp
jahupf;fg;gLjy;
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 6.1.1.2 : • ,izg;G 6.1.1.2 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg;gbtj;ij toq;Ff.

• khztu;fis FOf;fshf;fp fUtpfis toq;Ff.
• Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ff.
• thrpg;Gg; gbtk; KOtijAk; cs;slf;fpj; jahupf;fg;gl;l
tpdhj; jhSf;F tpilaspf;fr; nra;f.
(25 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 6.1.1.3 : • khztu;fs; Njbawpe;jtw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Ff.

(60 epkplq;fs;)

• thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij tpsq;fpr; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLf.
• FOthf nraw;gly;.
• Ma;T/ nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuj;jpw;fika tpil jUf.
• epu;khzpg;Gfis kjpg;gply;> eaj;jy; jpwd;fisf; fhl;Ljy;.
gy Nfypr;rpj;jpu njhiyf;fhl;rp
epfo; r ; r pfs;
njh];ju n`he;j `pj;j
28
gp];R g+]h
$k;gpr;rP jq;fu typf yg thdu
fpupGu vj;Njh
29
,izg;G 6.1.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• xspgg; jpT nra;ag;gl;l fhl;^d; fhl;rpfs;> cUtg;glq;fs;> xl;bfs; (];bf;fu;) epow;glq;fs;
vd;gtw;iw ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• gpdt
; Uk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; mtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; fiyg;gz;Gfisg; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.
- ,Nuifapd; jbg;G> vspa jsTUf;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; gad;ghL
- tu;zf; Nfhyq;fs;
- czu;T ntspg;ghL
- gy;NtW mirTfspd; gad;ghL
- cs;slf;fpa fUg;nghUs;
- njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd El;gKiwfspd; cgNahfk;
- fzpdp njhopy;El;g Kiwfs; %yk; fhl;^d; epfo;;r;rpfs; jPu;khdpf;fg;gly;
• Mrpupaupd; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;Nfw;g FOf;fshf;Ff.
• cq;fs; FOtpdUf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j fhl;^d; fjhghjjpuk; xd;iw tiue;J tu;zk;
jPlL
; f.
• ePq;fs; epu;khzpj;jit gw;wpf; fPNo cs;s jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; tpugq;fis Kd;itf;Ff.
FO 1:
- cq;fs; FOtpdu; tpUk;gpa fhl;^d; fjhghj;jpuk;> epfo;r;rp vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpf;Ff.
FO 2
- cq;fisf; ftu;e;j ,U fjhghj;jpuq;fisj; njupTnra;J mtw;wpd; tu;zk;> tbtk;>
czu;T> ntspg;ghL Nghd;wit gw;wpr; rpW Fwpg;ngOJf.
• cq;fs; epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fj; jahuhFf.
,izg;G 6.1.1.2
thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
• fhl;^d; epu;khzpg;Gfspy; gy;tpj rpj;jpuq;fSf;Fupa gz;igf; fhzyhk;.
• gy fiyg;gz;GfSld; vspikahd kw;Wk; fUj;J epiyahd tbtq;fisAk; ,Ugupkhz>
Kg;gupkhz gz;GfisAk; nfhz;Ls;s tu;z ,Nuiffshy; Mdit.
• vspa> m&g epiyahd tbtq;fSld; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l cUtq;fSf;F fzpdp njhopy;
El;gk; Clhf capu;g;g+l;b fhl;^d; epu;khzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
• epu;khzpg;Gfspy; eifr;Rit> Mr;rupak; vd;gdtw;iw ntspg;gLj;j nkJthd my;yJ
Ntfkhd mirTfs; cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;.
• gps;isfspd; kdJf;fpjkhd ftu;rr ; pahd jstbtq;fs; tu;zq;fs; cgNahfpf;fg;gLj;jg;
gLfpd;wd.
• vk;ikr; #o cs;s Rw;whlypy; ,Uf;Fk; vy;yh ,aw;if> nraw;ifg; nghUl;fis
capu;j;jd;ikAld; fhl;^d; epu;khzpg;Gf;fspy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
• fhl;^d;fs; rpwg;ghf mika ciuahly;> gpd;dzp ,ir> ghlyikg;G Nghd;wit
cjTfpd;wd.
30
Nju; r ; r p 6.0 : rka gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; cz;zhl;L ntspehl;L njupT
G+lfq; f s; %yk; ,dq; f z; l fiy mk; r q; f is tpku; r
uPjpapy; fpufpj;J mtw;wpd; ,ay;Gfis Ra gilg;ghf;fj;
Jf; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 6.2 : ,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupa nghk;kyhl;lf; fiyia ,urpj;J

eag;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 6.2.1 : nraw;ghL 6.1.1 ,w;F Nghd;W ,j;Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhfr; nraw;ghl;il xOq;F nra;J nfhs;f.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • nghk;kyhl;l epu;khzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• nghk;kyhl;l epu;khzpg;Gf;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• kdq;ftu;e;j nghk;kyhl;l epu;khzpg;Gf;fspy; Mw;Wiff;
fiyg;gz;Gfisr; fye;JiuahLthu;.
• Mf;fj;jpd; nghUl;L gad;gLj;Jfpd;w Clfk;> nghUl;fs;
gw;wp Njbg;ghu;g;ghu;.
• ,e;epu;khzpg;Gfspy; r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> fiy mk;rq;fis
tpsf;Fthu;.
• ifg;nghk;ikia epu;khzpj;J nray;gLj;Jthu;.
• ghuk;gupa nghk;kyhl;l;lf; fiyia eag;ghu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,izg;G 6.2.1.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s Ma;T/ nraw;ghl;L

mwpTWj;jw;gbtj;jpd; gpujpfs;
• ,izg;G 6.2.1.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
• rpWtu;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l nghk;kyhl;l
epfo;r;rpia nfhz;l CD ,Wtl;Lf;fs;> fzpdpg; nghwp
• nghk;kyhl;l cUtq;fis fhl;Lk; glq;fs;

gbKiw 6.2.1.1 : • njupTnra;ag;gl;l epfo;rr ; pia khztu;fSf;F fhl;rpgg
; Lj;Jf.
• nghk; k yhl; l cUtq; f is khztu; mtjhdpg; g jw; F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• khztu;fsplk; mtu;fs; tpUk;Gk; nghk;kyhl;l epfo;rr; pfisg;
gw;wp tpdTf.
31
• gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpf; fye;JiuahLf.
- fiyg;gz;GfSld; ftu;r;rpahd epUkhzq;fis epu;kh
zpj;jy;
- nghk;kyhl;l epUkhzpg;Gf;fspd; njhdpg;nghUs;>
cs;slf;fk;
- gy;NtW Clfq;fshy; nghk;ikfis epUkhzpj;jy;
(10 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 6.2.1.2 : • ,izg;G 6.1.1.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s thrpg;Gg;gj;jpuj;ij

thrpg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• khztu;fis FOf;fshf;fp Njitahd cgfuzq;fis
toq;Ff.
• Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ff.
• thrpg;Gg; gbtk; KOtijAk; cs;slf;fpj; jahupf;fg;gl;l
tpdhj; jhSf;F tpilaspf;fr; nra;f.
(25 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 6.2.1.3 : • khztu;fs; Njbawpe;jtw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Ff.

• Ra kjpg;gPl;Lf;F tha;g;gspf;Ff. khztu; fUj;Jf;fis
ntspapl Cf;fkspf;Ff.
(60 epkplq;fs;)

• nghk;kyhl;l epu;khzpg;Gfspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• nghk;kyhl;l epu;khzpg;Gf;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gg; gz;Gk;> fiyg; gz;G mq;fq;fis
tpsf;Fjy;
• kdq;ftu;e;j nghk;kyhl;l Mw;Wiff; fiyapd; gz;Gfisf; fye;Jiuahly;
• epUkhzpg;gpd; nghUl;L gad;gLj;Jk; Clfk;> njhdpg;nghUs; gw;wp tpdhTjy;
• me;j epUkhzpg;gpd; r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fjy;
• ifg;nghk;ikia epu;khzpj;J ,aq;f itj;jy;.
• ghuk;gupa nghk;kyhl;l fiyia eaj;jy;> kjpj;jy;
32
,izg;G 6.2.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• xspg;gjpT nra;ag;gl;l nghk;kyhl;l epfo;r;rpfs;> cUtg;glq;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs;
vd;gtw;iw ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• gpdt; Uk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; mtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; fiyg;gz;Gfisg; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.
- Mw;Wiff; fiyg;gz;G
- vspa rk;gh\idAk; vjpu;thjKk;
- r%fKk; czu;T ntspg;ghLk;
- cs;slf;fpa fijf; fUg;nghUs;
- Clfg; gad;ghL
• thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij ed;whf thrpj;jwpf.
• fPo;f; fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil mspf;f.
FO 1
- ePu; ghu;j;J urpj;j tpUg;gkhd nghk;kyhl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l gz;GfisAk;> jd;ik
fisAk; gw;wp tpsf;fk; jUf.
FO 2
- vspikahd ifg; nghk;ikia epUkhzpj;jy;
• cq;fs; epu;khzpg;Gfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fj; jahuhFf.
,izg;G 6.2.1.2
thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
• nghk;kyhl;lf; fiy Foe;ijfSf;Fk;> tsu;e;NjhUf;Fk; ,uridiaf; nfhz;LtUk;
rpwe;j fiy mk;rkhFk;.
• nghk;kyhl;lf;fiy Mjp fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,yq;ifapd; fyhrhu mk;rkhf tpsq;fpaJ
,J jw;fhyj;jpy; Mw;Wiff; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngw;W gpurpj;jp ngw;w fiy Mf;fkhf
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
• if nghk;ik> E}y; nghk;ik> kg;gl; nghk;ik> tpuy; nghk;ik vd nghk;ik
epu;khzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
• &gthfpzp Clfj;jpy; if nghk;kyhl;lKk;> kgl; nghk;ik Ml;lKk; kpfg; gpugy;ak;
ngw;Ws;sJ.
• E}y; nghk;ik Ml;lk; ghuk;gupakhf eilngWk; fiyahFk;.
• nghk;kyhl;lj;jpd; nghUl;L gy;NtWgl;l tuyhw;W> r%f fUg; nghUs; epfo;TfSf;F
Vw;w rupijg; nghk;ikfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;.
• ,yq;ifapy; Mjpapy; ,Ue;J gpugy;ak; ngw;w nghk;ik ehlfk; MdJ E}y; nghk;ik
Ml;lkhFk;.
• ,e;j nghk;ik ehlfj;jpd; nghUl;L gad;gLj;Jk; tuyhw;Wf; fijfspilNa> mfynghy>
=rq;fNgh> m[hrj;j> fhyNfhy> glhrhwh> mq;Fypkhy fijfSk; nt];]d;ju
[hjfk; Nghd;w fijAk; fiy rpwg;G tha;e;jit.
33
• ntrhf;> Nghrd;> fk;kL Nghd;w rka tpohf;fspd; nghUl;L ,e;j nghk;kyhl;l epfo;rr; pfs;
elhj;Jjy; Mjpfhyk; njhl;L fpuhkpa kf;fshy; epfo;j;jg;gl;ld.
• gpd;dzpr; rq;fPjk;> ghly;> rk;gh\iz> xspr; nray;g;ghL Nghd;w gy mk;rq;fs;>
nghk;kyhl;l epu;khzpg;Gf;fspd; rpwg;gpw;Fk;> fiy tsu;r;rpf;Fk; Kf;fpakhf mikAk;.
• nghk;kyhl;l ehlfq;fspd; nghUl;L ghlg;gLtJ> ehlfg; ghly;fshFk;. ghly;
,irg;gJk;> rk;gh\idf; Fuy; nfhLg;gJk;> ngUk;ghYk; nghk;kyhl;l fiyQu;fshy;
nray;g;gLj;jg;gLk;.
• tpNrlkhf nghk;kyhl;lj;jpd; nghUl;L> Nkil mikg;G> gpd;dzp epu;khzpg;G nra;J
nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,k;Nkil kpf rpwpajhf ,Ug;gJld;> fz;kl;lj;jpw;F Nky; jahupf;fg;
gLk;.
• nghk;ikfspd; nghUl;L gy;NtW %yg; nghUl;fs; gad;gLjjg;gLk;. Kf;fpakhf
kuk; gad;gL;jg;gLtJld; mjd; nghUl;L (fe;JU kuk;) fly; khq;fha; kuk; (Wf;fj;jd)
VO ,iyg; ghiy kuk;> gyiffy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,it jtpu Jzp> E}y;> ,Uk;G>
Mzp> kzp tif> irf;fps; upA+g;> rhak; tif vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
• E}y; nghk;ikapd; gFjpfs; ,izf;fg;gLtJ if> ghjk;> jiy Mfpatw;iw mirf;ff;
$ba tifapyhFk; ,jd; nghUl;L irf;fps; upA+g; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
• if nghk;ikfSf;F kpf vspikahd nghUl;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. Jzpj;Jz;LfSk;>
njwpE}y;> fk;gp> gir> if Nk]_k; ,jd; nghUl;L gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
nghk; k yhl; l tiffs;
E}y; nghk;ikfs; tpuy; nghk;ikfs;
if nghk; i kfs;
34
epoy; nghk;ikfs;
Nfhy; nghk;ikfs;
E}y; nghk; i kfisf; nfhz; L muq; N fw; w g; g l; l ~vnfynghy|

fijapd; re; j u; g ; g nkhd; W
35
Nju; r ; r p 6.0 : rka gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L njupT
uPjpapy; fpufpj;J mtw;wpd; ,ay;Gfisr; Ra
gilg; g hf; f j; J f; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 6.3 : ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;WuPjpahd gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy;

rhu;e;j fiyg;gilg;Gf;fis kjpg;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 6.3.1 : ~~gidNahiyg; gilg;ghf;fq;fis kjpg;Nghk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 01
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • ,yq;ifapd; xU fpuhkpaf; fiyahfpa gidNahiyf;

ifj;njhopy; gw;wpa tplaq;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.
• gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; gpugy;akile;j gpuNjrq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• gidNahiyg; gilg;ghf;fq;fisg; ngaupLghu;.
• gidNahiyg; gilg;ghf;fq;fspd; Nfhy tbtq;fisAk;
fiyg; gz;GfisAk; kjpg;gpLthu;.
• jkpou;fspd; fyhrhuj;Jf;Fupa ifj;njhopy; vd tpsf;Fthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,izg;G 6.3.1.1 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg;gbtk;

• gidNahiyahy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l rpy nghUs;fs;>
mtw;wpd; xspg;glq;fs;
(cjhuzk;: Rtu; myq;fhunkhd;W> nfhl;ilg;ngl;bnahd;W)

gbKiw 6.3.1.1 : • fw;wy; - fw;gpjj
; y; rhjdq;fis nghUj;jkhd Kiwnahd;iwg;
gad;gLj;jp tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• mt;thwhd ghtidg; nghUs;fs; gw;wp khztupd; fUj;Jf;
fis tpdTf.
• fPNo cs;s tplaq;fspd; ghy; khztupd; ftdj;ij <u;fF ; f.
- gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; ,yq;ifaupd; fpuhkpaf;
fiyfSs; xd;whFk;.
- kl;lf;fsg;G> aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjrq;fs; gidNahiyf;
ifj;njhopypy; gpugy;ak; mile;Js;sd.
- gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; gz;ilf;fhye; njl;L
,yq;ifapd; tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; cs;s rfy gpuNjrq;
fspy; gpugy;ak; mile;jpUe;jik.
(05 epkplq;fs;)
36
gbKiw 6.3.1.2 : • ,izg;G 6.3.1.1 ,y; cs;s thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij thrpf;f
my;yJ nrtpkLf;fr; nra;f.
• thrpg;Gg; gbtj;jpy; cs;s tplaq;fs; mlq;FkhW jahupf;fg;
gl;l tpdhg;gj;jpuj;Jf;F tpilaspf;Fk;gb khztu;fis
mwpTWj;Jf.
(25 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 6.3.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ tpilj;jhs;fis nghUj;jkhd xU Kiwapy;

jkf;fpilNa gupkhw;wk; nra;Jnfhs;SkhW topg;gLj;jp>
kjpg;gpLf.
• fye;Jiuahly; %yk; jtWfisj; jpUj;jpf;nfhs;s tha;g;
gspf;Ff.
• ghlg;nghopg;ig Kd;itf;Ff.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• fpuhkpaf;fiy vd;w tifapy; gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; gw;wpj; Njbawpjy;;.
• gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; gpugy;akile;Js;s gpuNjrq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLjy;.
• xU fpuhkpaf; fiyf; ifj;njhopy; vd;w tifapy; mjd; gz;ghl;Lj; jdpj;Jtj;ij
,dq;fhZjy;.
• gidNahiy Mf;fq;fspd; Nfhyq;fisAk; fiyg; gz;GfisAk; kjpg;gpLjy;.
,izg;G 6.3.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l gidNahiyf;fiy epu;khzq;fis my;yJ mtw;wpd; glq;fisf;
ftdkhf mtjhdpf;Ff.
• cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij ed;F fw;wha;f.
• fPNo cs;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.
1. gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; epu;khzq;fs; gpugy;ak; mile;Js;s gpuNjrq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2. gidNahiyg; gilg;ghf;fq;fisg; ngaupLf.
3. gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; me;epu;khzq;fspd; fiyg; gz;Gfis kjpg;gpLf.
- Clfk;> Clfj;ijj; jahu; nra;J nfhs;Sjy;.
- El;gKiwfs; (njhopDl;gg; gz;Gfs;)
- fiyj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;
- xUq;fpize;j gz;Gfs;
- Mf;fg+u;tkhd fiyf;Nfhyq;fs;
• cq;fs; Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fj; jahuhFf.
37
,izg;G 6.3.1.2
thrpg; G g; gj; j puk;
gidNahiyf; fiyf; ifj;njhopy;

• xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtukhfpa gidkuj;jpd; cr;rp Kjy; Ntu; tiuapyhd vy;yhg;
gFjpfSk; gy;NtW Mf;fq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLtdthFk;.
• gid kuj;jpypUe;J ngWk; XiyNa ,t;thf;fq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLk; gpujhdkhd
ClfkhFk;.
• gid kuq;fs; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspNyNa Fwpg;ghf
gidNahiyf; ifj;njhopy; guk;gpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
• gidNahiyapdhy; Mf;fg;gLk; ghtidg; nghUs;fisg; gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jpf;
fhl;lyhk;.
- gha;> ngl;b> flfk; (ngupa ngl;b)
- RsF
- cky;> nfhj;J %ly;
- Fl;lhd; (gdq;fUg;gl;b ,Lk; rpW ngl;b)
- myq;fhug; nghUs;
- Rtu; myq;fupg;G
• gidNahiy cw;gj;jpj; Jiw> xU ifj;jpwd; ntspg;ghlhfNt tpUj;jpaile;Js;sJ.

me;je;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;Fg; ngau;Nghd gpuNjrq;fisg; gpd;tUkhW ml;ltizg;
gLj;jpf; fhl;lyhk;.
Mf;fq;fs; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lk; aho;g;ghz khtl;lk;
gha; ghykPd;kL> jhsq;Flh Ntyiz> tuzp> my;tha;
RsF GJf;FbapUg;G khdtis> khfpag;gplb
; > rpdd
; kL
njhg;gp jhsq;Flh> jpuha;kL kl;Ltpy;> my;yhiu
cky;> $il fy;Flh> jhsq;Flh ngl;b:
vOitj;jPT> cLg;gpl;b> Gj;J}u;
gha; f s;
• gidNahiyg; gha; gpd;Dtjpy; ngz;fNs ngUkstpy; <LgLtu;.
• gidNahiyg; gha;fs; gy;tifg;gLk;.
- tptrha eltbf;iffspd;NghJ> mWj;j new; fjpu;fisr; #Lkpjpg;gjw;Fk; ney;iyf;
fhag;NghLtjw;Fk; mtpj;j ney;iyf; fhag; NghLtjw;Fk; gad;gLk; gha; ~fjpu;gg ; ha;|
vdg;gLk;.
- Foe;ijfis gLf;f itg;gjw;F gad;gLk; rpwpa gha; 'jLf;F' vdg;gLk;.
- epj;jpiu nra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; gha; ~gLf;ifg; gha;| vdg;gLk;.
- kq;fs epfo;TfSf;Fg; gy tu;z ; q;fspy; moFUf;fshy; cUthf;fg;gLk; gha;~tu;zg;
gha;| vdg;gLk;.
Njitf;Nfw;g ge;jpg;gha;> Nrhw;Wg;gha;> vr;re;jhq;fpg;gha; vdg; gy;tifg;gLk;.
38
• gidNahiyg; gha;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gpd;dy; Nfhyq;fs; gy cs;sd.
cjhuzk;: • Gspaq;nfhl;il tbtk;
• rJutbtk;
• el;rj;jpu tbtk;
• tpupNfhz tbtk;
• itu tbtk;
• Gs;sp tbtk;
• Nfj;jpufzpj tbtq;fspd; ,izg;G %yk; fpsp> kuk;> g+> g+rhj;jpuk;
Nghd;w gid Xiy epUkhzpg;Gf;fs; myq;fhuq;fSk; cs;sd.
epw%l;ly;
• xU Njf;fuz;basT rhaj;Jld; xU yPw;wu; ePu; Nru;j;Jf; fiuj;J nfhjpf;f itj;J>
mjDs; ntl;bnaLj;j gidNahiyfis ,l;L Ie;J epkplk; tiu mtpj;jy;.
• gpd;du;> jz;zPupy; fOtp fhw;wpy; cyu itj;jy;.
• ghuk;gupa Kiwapy; Nfhopr; rhaj;Jld;> fwpAg;Gk; fLf;fhAk; Nru;j;J mtpj;J mjpy;
gidNahiyfis mtpj;J vLj;jy;.
• gr;ir> rptg;G> ehty; Nghd;w epwq;fis fwpkQ;rs; J}Sld; fye;J Vida epwq;fisj;
jahupj;J gidNahiyf;F epw%l;ly;.
gidNahiy epu; k hzpg; G fs;
gidNahiy gha;fs;
39
jl;L> ig> $il> mofpa g+f;fs;
gidNahiyahyhd Rtu; myq; f huk;
gidNahiyahyhd myq; f hu Mguzq; f s;
40
Nju; r ; r p 6.0 : rka gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L njupT
uPjpapy; fpufpj;J mtw;wpd; ,ay;Gfisr; Ra
gilg; g hf; f j; J f; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 6.4 : ,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupa gd;Gy;> (epae;j) kUs; ehu;ifj;njhopy;

rhu;e;j fiyg; gz;Gfis kjpg;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 6.4.1 : ~~kUs; ehu;> gd;Gy; ifj;njhopy;;||
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • gha; gpd;dw; ifj;njhopy; ,yq;ifau;fspd; fpuhkpaf; fiy

vd;gijf; $Wthu;.
• gd;Gy;> kUs; ehu;f; ifj;njhopy; gpugy;akile;Js;s gpuNjrq;
fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• rpq;fs gz;ghl;Lf;F cupj;jhd fiyf; ifj;njhopy;fis
fw;wha;thu;.
• Nfhyq;fisAk; fiyj;Jtg; gz;GfisAk; kjpg;gpLthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,izg;G 6.4.1.2 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg;gbtk;

• kUs; ehu;> gd;Gy;yhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l rpy nghUs;fs;
(cjhuzk;: Rtu; myq;fhunkhd;W> nfhl;ilg; ngl;bnahd;W)

gbKiw 6.4.1.1 : • nghUj;jkhd Kiwnahd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;
rhjdq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• khztu; ,jw;F Kd; mwpe;Js;s ,t;thwhd ghtizg;
nghUs;fisg; gw;wp tpdTf.
• fPNo cs;s tplaq;fs; FwpjJ ; khztu;fF
; mwpt+l;lk; nra;f.
- gha;f; ifj;njhopy; ,yq;ifaupd; xU fpuhkpaf; fiy
ahFk;.
- Jk;giug; gpuNjrk; kUs; ehu; nfhz;L ,iof;fg;gl;l
epytpupg;G (gha;) f;fhf gpugy;ak; ngw;Ws;sJ.
- gd;Gw;gha; ifj;njhopy; gz;ilf;fhyk; njhlf;fk; ,yq;if
apd; vy;yhg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; gutyhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
- fSj;Jiw> fk;g`h> fhyp> ,uj;jpdGup Mfpa khtl;lq;
fspy; ,d;Wk; gd;Gy; ifj;njhopy; rpwpa mstpy; fhzg;gL
fpd;wJ.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
41
gbKiw 6.4.1.2 : • ,izg;G 6.4.1.1 ,y; cs;s thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij thrpf;f
my;yJ nrtpkLf;fr; nra;f.
• thrpgG; g; gbtj;jpd; KO cs;slf;fKk; mlq;fyhf jahupff
; g;
gl;l tpdhg;gj;jpuj;Jf;F tpilaspf;Fk;gb khztu;fis
mwpTWj;Jf.
(50 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 6.4.1.3 : • khztu;fsJ tpilfisj; jkf;fpilNa gupkhwp> kjpg;gplr;

nra;f.
• fye;Jiuahly; %yk; FiwghLfis eptu;jj
; p nra;Jnfhs;s
tha;g;gspf;Ff.
• RUf;fj;ij epidT $u;f.
(10 epkplq;fs;)

• gd;Gy;> kUs; ehu; ifj;njhopy; ,yq;ifau;fspd; fpuhkpaf;fiy vd;gijf; $Wjy;.
• gd;Gy;> kUs; ehu; ifj;njhopy; gpugy;akile;j gpuNjrq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLjy;.
• rpq;fs kf;fspd; gz;ghl;Lf;F rhu;ej ; fiyf; ifj;njhopy; vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;.
• gha;f; ifj;njhopy; Nfhyq;fisAk; fiyg; gz;GfisAk; kjpg;gpLjy;.
,izg;G 6.4.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l gd;Gy;> ehu; fiy epu;khzq;fis my;yJ mtw;wpd; glq;fis
ftdkhf mtjhdpf;Ff.
• cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij ed;F fw;f.
• fPNo cs;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.
1. gd;Gy;> kUs; ehu; fiy epu;khzq;fspd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia RUf;fkhfj; jUf.
2. gd;Gy;> kUs; ehu; fiy epu;khzq;fs; gpugy;ak; mile;Js;s gpuNjrq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
3. gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; me;epu;khzq;fspd; fiyg; gz;ig kjpg;gpLf.
- Clfk;
- El;gKiwfs; (njhopDl;gg; gz;Gfs;)
- fiyj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;
- xUq;fpize;j gz;Gfs;
- Mf;fg+u;tkhd fiyf;Nfhyq;fs;
- rha%l;ly;
• cq;fs; Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fj; jahuhFf.
42
,izg;G 6.4.1.2
thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
gd;Gy;> kUs;ehu;g; gha;f; ifj;njhopy;
• gd;Gy;> kUs; ehu;f; fiy Mf;fq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; gz;Lnjhl;L epytptUk; xU

fpuhkpaf; fiyahFk;.
• ,f;ifj;njhopy; gpujhdkhf gha;fs;> tpupgG

; f;fs; Mf;FtjpNyNa ftdq; nrYj;Jfpdw
; J.
mjw;fika mf;fiyahf;fq;fis
1. kUs; ehu;g;gha; (jiutpupg;G> fyhy)
2. gd;gha; vd tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
Jk;giwg; gha;f; ifj;njhopy;

• Mjpfhye;njhl;L fz;b Jk;giwg; gpuNjrj;jpy; epae;j ehu;g; gha;f; ifj;njhopYf;Fg;
gpurpj;jp ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ehiu %yg;nghUshff; nfhz;L jiutpupg;Gf;fs;
cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. jw;fhyj;jpy; kUs; jhtuk; fpilg;gJ mupjhf ,Ug;gjdhy;
fz jhtu ,iy ehu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
• kUs; ehu;g;gha; ehu;j;jiu tpupg;G gpujhdkhf %d;W tifg;gLk;.

1. gd;dk; gha; jiutpupg;G (nghJthd gha;> gd;dk; fyhs
2. fyg;G myq;fupg;G jiytpupg;G (tl gha;)
3. gwitAUj; jiutpupg;G (FWS Ntiyg;gha;)
• ~kUs;| vDk; (epae;j kuk;) kuj;jpd; ,iyfspypUe;J ngWk; ehiug; gad;gLj;jp

vspikahd xU nghwpapdhy; ,j;jiutpupg;G Mf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; fz ku ,iyehUk;
gha; gpd;dYf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
rzy; ,iyfshy; ehu; ngWjy; rzy; ehu;fshy; epy tpupg;Gfis

,ioj;jy;
43
kUs; ehu;g; gha; myq;fhuq;fs;
44
gz;gha;f; ifj;njhopy;
• gz;gha;f; ifj;njhopy; ,yq;ifapd; vy;yhg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; gutyhff; fhzg;gl;ljhff;
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
gha; gpd;dy; ifj;njhopypy; <LgLNthiu ~~fpd;du;|| vdg;gLk;.
• gy;NtW ehu; tiffisg; gad;gLj;jp ifahy; gpd;dp> gha;fs; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• jw;fhyj;jpy; fhyp> fSj;Jiw> fk;g`h> ,uj;jpdGup Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; rpW rpW

msTfspy; ,f;ifj;njhopy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
• gd;Gy;> epaj;j ehu; Mf;fq;fSf;fhd rha tiffs; ngw;w tpjk;:

• rptg;G - gj;jq;fp kuj;Jz;Lld; nfhwf;fhg;Gsp ,iyfis mtpj;Jg; ngwy;.
• fWg;G - fLf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;fis ,bj;J mtpj;Jg; ngwy;.
• kQ;rs; - kukQ;rs; my;yJ kQ;rs; fpoq;Ffis mtpj;Jg; ngwy;.
• Cjh - jk;ig kug;gl;ilia mtpj;Jg; ngwy;.
gpd;dy; Ntiyapd;NghJ gad;gLk; myq;fhu mikg;Gf;fs;
• xw;iw KWf;F E}y;> ,ul;il KWf;F E}y;

• fJW kug; g+> mTd; `Nu
• tq;ffpupa> gd;dpU khjk;
• uj;tj;ij> myq;fupg;G> el;rj;jpuk;
• tpyq;FU myq;fhuq;fs;
(ahid> gwit> khd;> rpye;jp> ehf rz;il)
njd; g Fjpg; gha; f s;
fJW ky kf;FY (rpye;jp) gd;dpU khjq;fs;

(khr njhy`)
45
Kt (Kay;) ea; nghNu (ghk;G) tq;ffpupa
kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gd; gha;f; ifj;njhopy;
• kl;lf;fsg;gpy; jkpo; fpuhkq;fshd thior;Nrid> ehtw;Flh> jhoq;Flh> FUf;fs;

klk;> nrl;bg;ghisak;> fSjhtis> xe;jhr;rp klk;> fy;yhW Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspYk;
K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fshd fhj;jhd;Fb> xy;ypf;Fsk;> fhq;NfaNdhil> ghyKid>
G+ndhr;rpKid> VwhT+u>; kPuhNthil> nrk;kz; Xil> fhtj;j Kid Nghd;w ,lq;fspYk;
gd; gha; Ntiyg;ghLfs; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
• gd;ifj;njhopy; GupNthu; ~~fpd;diu|| vd;W miof;fg;gfpd;wdu;.
• Kd;du; ,aw;if tu;zq;fshy; gd;Gw;fs; rha%l;lg;gl;ld. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ
Nfhopr;rhak; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
ghuk;gupa gha; Mf;fq;fSf;F rhak; ngwg;gLk; %yq;fs;

rptg;G - gj;jq;fp kuj;Jz;L
kQ;rs; - kukQ;rs; gl;il
Cjh - jk;ig kug;gl;il
gr;ir - myup ,iy> kiy Ntk;G ,iy
fWg;G - jhd;wpf;fhAk; fLf;fhAk;
46
rhaNkw;wg;gl;l gd;fs; ,iof;fg;gLk; gpujhdkhd ,uz;L Nfhyq;fs; cs;sd.
• xz;bg;gha;> Gdpg;gha; vd;wiof;fg;gLk;.
• xz;bg;gha;fs; rJuk;> ePs;rJuk;> Kf;Nfhzk; Nghd;w Nfj;jpufzpj myq;fhuq;fisf;
nfhz;lit.
• Gdpgg
; ha;fspy; myq;fhuq;fs; rkhe;juk;> rkr;ruP >; rPu; mLf;F> ,yak; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWk;.
• ,d;W ,t;tpU tiffSf;Fs;Sk; mlq;Fk; Kg;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l gha; tbtikg;G
tiffs; ,iof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
kl;lf;fsg;G gd; gha;f; Nfhyq;fs;
47
Nju; r ; r p 7.0 : tuyhw; W uP j pahd cz; z hl; L ntspehl; L rpj; j pu rpw; g
kl;lf;fsg;G gd;gha;f; nfhyq;fs;nrJf;fy; kw;Wk; fl;ll
epu;khzf; fiyfspd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpd;
fiyg; gz;Gfis gilg;ghf;fj; jpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 7.1 : ,yq;ifapy; tuyhw;W uPjpahd jhJNfhg (J}gp) epu;khzpg;G

fisf; fw;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 7.1.1 : ~~,yq;ifj; jhJNfhgq;fspd; (J}gpfspd;) tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp

iaAk; mbg;gil ,ay;GfisAk; mwpNthk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 07
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • ,yq;ifapd; fhyq;fSf;F Vw;g jhJNfhgq;fis

tifg;gLj;Jthu;.
• J}gpfspd; tpNrl gz;Gfis xg;gpl;L vOJthu;.
• J}gpfspd; tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fis tptupj;Jf; $Wthu;.
• fhyq;fSf;F Vw;g J}gpfspy; eilngw;w khw;wq;fis
Muha;thu;.
• J}gp xd;wpd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis Fwpg;gpLthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,yq;ifj; J}gpfspd; epoy;glq;fs;

• ,izg;G 7.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa nraw;ghl;Lg; gbtj;jpd; gpujpfs;
• ,izg;G 7.1.1.2 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg; gbtj;jpd; gpujpfs;

gbKiw 7.1.1.1 : • J}gpfspd; epoy;;glq;fs;> tPbNah ehlhf;fs;> ,Wtl;Lf;fs;>
fzpdpg; nghwpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; cjtpAld; jhJNfhgq;fisf;
fhz;gpf;Ff.
• fl;Gyr; rhjdq;fis cgNahfpf;Ff.
• Fwpj;j jhJNfhgq;fspd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpiaf; fye;Jiu
ahLf.
• jhJNfhgq;fspd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis tpsq;fp mijg;
gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.
• fhyg;Nghf;fpy; jhJNfhgq;fspy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fisf;
fye;JiuahLf.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 7.1.1.2 : • ,izg;G 7.1.1.1 ,w;Fupa nraw;ghl;Lg; gbtq;fis toq;Ff.

• njhdpg;nghUspd; fPo; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jf.
(25 epkplq;fs;)
48
gbKiw 7.1.1.3 : • khztu;fs; fz;lwpe;jtw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Ff.
• khztu;fSf;fpilapy; fUj;Jf;fis gupkhwpf;nfhs;sr;
nra;f.
• ghltpUj;jpf;Fj; Njitahd mwpTiufis toq;Ff.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis fUj;jpw;f; nfhz;L ,izg;G 7.1.1.1 > ,izg;G 7.1.1.2 Mfpatw;wpd;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL kjpg;gPl;by; <LgLf.
• jhJNfhgq;fspd; tuyhw;W uPjpahd jfty;fisj; Njbawpjy;.
• fhyj;Jf;F Vw;g jhJNfhgq;fspy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fis Muha;e;jwpjy;.
• jhJNfhgq;fspd; mbg;gil gz;Gfis tpgupj;Jf;$wy;.
,izg;G 7.1.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• ,izg;G 7.1.1.2 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg; gbtj;jpd; cUf;fisf; fw;wha;f.
• nraw;ghl;by; <LglKd; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; kPJ ftdQ; nrYj;Jf.
- ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpakhd jhJNfhgq;fspd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp.
- jhJNfhgq;fspd; mikg;Gk; mjd; tprhyKk;
- vd;d Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf jhJNfhgq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;ld vd tpgupf;Ff.
- jhJNfhgj;jpd; mbg;gilg; gz;GfSk; ,J njhlu;ghd rpwg;G mk;rq;fSk;
• bikj;jhs;fs;> khf;fu; Ngid ghtpj;Jj; jug;gl;l ml;ltiziag; gpujpnra;J epug;Gf.

jhJNfhgj;jpy;
E}w; mD tuyhw;W tbtk; fhzg;gLk;
jhJNfhgk; fhyk; ruiz Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cauk; tpNrl fiy
whz;L
mk;rq;fSk;
fiyg;
gz;GfSk;
J}ghuhk
jhJNfhgk;
&td;kyp
rha
mgafpup
jhJNfhgk;
ud;nfhj;
tpfhiu
fsdp
jhJNfhgk;
• cq;fs; fz;Lgpbg;Gfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Ff.
49
,izg;G 7.1.1.2
thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
J}ghuhk jhJNfhgk;
• mEuhjGu fhyj;ijr; Nru;ej

; ,yq;ifapy; Kjy; Kjypy; mikf;fg;gl;l jhJNfhgk;
J}ghuhk MFk;.
• ,J fp.K. 03 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Njtek;gpajp];] kd;ddhy; fl;Ltpf;fg;gl;lJ.
• Gj;jngUkhkdpd; tyJ jhilapd; jhJit itj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;ljhf tuyhw;W
E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
• ,J kzp tbtj;ijf; nfhz;lJ (fz;lhfhu).
• jhJNfhgk; fl;lg;gl;ljd; gpd;du; Ml;rp nra;j kd;du;fs; ,jidg; Gdu;epu;khzk;
nra;jJld; Nkyjpf fl;ll mikg;GfisAk; Nru;j;jdu;.
• ,J jw;NghJ 164 1$2 (mb) tpl;lKila tl;l tbtKila Nkil kPJ epy
kl;lj;jpypUe;J 11.4 mb cauj;jpy; epu;khzpf;fggl;Ls;sJ.
• ,J 63 mb cauk; cilaJ.
• yQ;Qjp];] kd;ddhy; irj;jpaj;ij ~Rw;wp tl;ljhNf| (ghJfhg;ghd $iu
mikg;G)fl;lk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
• ,f;fl;l mikg;gpy; (tl;ljhNf) jw;rkak; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; J}z;fs;> myq;fhu
nrJf;fy; Ntiyg;ghLfisf; nfhz;lit.
• ,f;fw;W}z;fspd; kPJ rpfuj;ijf; nfhz;l miuf;Nfhs tbt $iu mikg;G
xd;W ,Uj;jpUf;fyhk; vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ.
50
Utd; n typrha (kfhjhJNfhgk; )
• mEuhjGu fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j ,j;jhJNfhgk; Jl;lifKD kd;ddhy; fl;Ltpf;fg;

gl;lJ
• ,J ePu;f;Fkpo; (Gg;Gyhfhu) tbtk; nfhz;lJ.
• jhJNfhgj;jpd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; epiwT ngw Kd;dNu Jl;lifKD kd;dd;
fhykhfp tpl;ljhy; mtUf;Fg; gpd;du; mtuJ jk;gpahd rj;jhjp];]d; kpFjpf;
fl;blg; gzpiaak;> ahid mzp kjpiyAk;> nts;isg; g+r;Rg; gzpiaAk;
g+u;j;jp nra;jhd;.
• ,yq;ifia Ml;rp nra;j gy kd;du;fs; ,jid Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;jJld; Gjpa
mikg;Gf;fisAk; Nru;j;jdu;.
• ,J 350 mb cauKk;> 300 mb tpl;lKk; nfhz;lJ.
• ,j;jhJNfhgj;jpd; gspq;fpdhyhd rpfuk; (nfhj;j) 25 mb cauKilaJ.
• rJu tbthd Nkilapd; kP J mike; j jhJNfhgj; j pd; ehw; G wj; j pYk;
kfhjhJNfhgj;jpd; khjpup ehd;F rpwpa jhJNfhgq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
• ,j;jhJNfhgj;ijr; Rw;wpf; fhzg;gLk; ahid mzp kjpy; cd;djkhd fiy
epu;khzkhFk;.
• jhJNfhgj;jpd; ehw;GwKk; cs;s ~thfy;flk;| myq;fhug; g+> nfhb myq;fhu
Ntiyg;ghLfisf; nfhz;lit.
• Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd; rpiy> tpfhukfhNjtpapd; rpiy. ghjpa jp];] kd;ddpd;
rpiy> Utd;kyprhatpd; khjpupaikg;G Nghd;w epUkhzpgG
; f;fis Rw;Wg;gpufhuj;jpy;
fhzyhk;.
51
mgafpup jhJNfhgk;
• ,J mEuhjGu fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ.

• fp.K. 01 Mk; E}w;whz;by; mgafpup jhJNfhgk; tl;lfhkpdp mga (tyfk;gh)
kd;ddhy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
• fpup vdg;gLk; ~epfz;lhuhka| ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; ,j;J}gp mikf;fg;gl;ljhy; mgafpup
vdg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ.
• ,J ml;lk];jhdq;fspy; ,JTk; xd;whFk;.
• cj;ju irj;jpa> mga> mgafpup> gahfpup vDk; ngau;fshYk; ,J miof;fg;
gLfpd;wJ.
• 235| mb cauKk; 310| mb tpl;lKk; cilaJ.
• Muk;g fhyj;jpy; jhJNfhgj;jpd; rj;jpuhtyp (nfhj;fuy;y) vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf
Fil tbtKk; mjidj; jhq;fp epw;Fk; J}Zk; ,Ue;Js;sJ.
• Eiothapypd; ,U Gwj;jpYk; cs;s ~rq;f epjp|> ~gj;k epjp| vdg;gLk; igjput
cUtr; rpiyfs; ,uz;Lk; rpwg;ghd fiy epu;khzq;fshFk;.
52
Nrjtd tpfhiu
• mEuhjGu fhyj;Jf;Fupa Nrjtd jhJNfhgk; jhdpaf; Ftpay; tbtj;ijf;

nfhz;Ls;snjd jw;NghJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• ,J fp.gp. 276 - 303 fhyg;gFjpapy; kfhnrd; kd;ddhy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
• Gj;jngUkhdpd; ~~gl;bjhJ" (,Lg;Gg;gl;b) ,j;J}gpapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf
ek;gg;gLfpwJ.
• Muk;gfhyj;jpy; ,J 400 mb cauKilajhf ,Ue;jJ.
• jhJNfhgk; rJutbtKila Nkilnahd; w pd; kP J mikf; f g; g l; L s; s J.
ehw;wpirfspy; ,Ue;Jk; ~~rygt" Tf;Fs; (Rw;Wg;gpufhuk;) EIoa ehd;F thapy;fs;
cs;sd.
• jhJNfhgj;ij Rw;wp 04 thfy;flq;fs; cs;sd.
• mJ nrq;fy;yhy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. cyfpy; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; ,t;tifahd epidTj;
J}gpfSs; kpf caukhd Gdpjf; fl;llk; ,JthFk;.
53
wd; n fhj; tpfhiu
• nghyd;dWitf; fhyj;Jf;FupaJ.
• nghyd;dWitapy; myh`d gpupntdh g+kpf;F Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; ,j;jhJNfhgk;
mike;Js;sJ.
• ,e;j jhJNfhgk; ep];]q;fky;y murdhy; fl;Ltpf;fg;gl;lnjd $wg;gLfpwJ.
• jhJNfhgk; 200 mb cauk; nfhz;lJld; mbg;gFjpapd; Rw;wsT 186 mbiaf;
nfhz;lJ.
• jhJNfhgk; ePu;f;Fkpop (GGyhf;fhu) tbtpidf; nfhz;lJ.
• jhJNfhgj;jpd; vl;L %iyfspYk; vl;L rpiy kid fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
• jhJNfhgj;jpd; rJu Nfhl;lj;jpd; Kfg;Gf;fspy; #upaidf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPlhd
rf;fuj;ijf; fhzyhk;.
• wd;nfhj; tpfhiu> ehw;jpirfspYk; myq;fhu kyu;fn
; fhb myq;fhuk; nrJf;fg;gl;l
'thfy; flq;fs;" ehd;iff; nfhz;Ls;sd.
54
fsdp jhJNfhgk;
• Kjw; jhJNfhgk; mEuhjGu fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ. ,J gpw;fhyj;jpy; mope;J

Ngha; 20k; E}w;whz;by; kPz;Lk; Gzuikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• fsdp gpuNjrj;jpy; ,j; jhJNfhgk; cs;sJ.
• rpj;jhj;ju; Gj;juhfp 8 MtJ Mz;by; kzpf; mf;gpj eh murdpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;
fpzq;fp ,yq;iff;F vOe;jUsp ,uj;jpdf; fw;fshy; myq;fupj;j Mrdj;jpy;
mku;e;J ju;k cgNjrk; nra;jhu;. me;j ,uj;jpd Mrdj;ij cs;Ns itj;J
[lhy jp];] murdhy; fsdp jhJNfhgk; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• ,J gjpdhW ,lq;fSs; (nrhnsh];k];jhdj;jpy;) mlq;Fk; xU tpfhiuahFk;.
• jw;Nghija jhJNfhgj;jpd; KO cauk; 90 mbahFk;.
• jhJNfhgk; jhdpaf;Ftpay; (jhd;ahf;fhu) tbtj;ijf; nfhz;lJ.
• jhJNfhgj;jpd; ehd;F jpirfspYk; kyu; Mrdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; thfy;flq;fs;
ehd;F mike;Js;sJ.
55
Nju; r ; r p 7.0 : tuyhw; W uP j pahd cs; e hl; L > ntspehl; L rpj; j pu rpw; g r;
nrJf;fy; kw;Wk; fl;ll epu;khzf; fiyfspd; jdpj;Jtq;
fis ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpd; fiyg; gz;Gfisg; gilg;ghf;fj;
jpw; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 7.2 : ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyr; rpjj

; puq;fisf; fw;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 7.2.1 : ~~tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyj;J Fif Xtpaq;fis kjpg;Nghk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyj;J Xtpaq;fs;

fhzf;$ba ,lq;fis Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;lfhy Xtpaq;fspd; tplag; nghUisf;
fw;wha;thu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhy Xtpaq;fspd; cUtq;fs;> tu;zq;
fspd; gad;ghL gw;wp tptupg;ghu;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;lfhy kdpjdpd; fiyj;jpwidAk; ehshe;j
tho;f;ifj; jfty;fisAk; Njbawpthu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • ,yq;iff; Fif Xtpaq;fisf; fhl;Lk; epow;glq;fs;

- je;jpupkiy Fifr; rpj;jpuq;fs;
- njhutf;f Fifr; rpj;jpuq;fs;
- gpy;yht Fifr; rpj;jpuq;fs;

gbKiw 7.2.1.1 : • Fif Xtpaq;fisf; fhl;Lk; epow;g ; lq;fis khztu;fSf;Ff;
fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
• Fif Xtpaq;fs; rpytw;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; tiuar; re;ju;gg;
kspf;Ff.
• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;lfhy Xtpag; gilg;Gfs;
Fwpj;J khztupd; fUj;Jf;fis tpdTf.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 7.2.1.2 : • ,izg;G 7.2.1.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuj;jpd;

gpujpfis khztu;f;Fg; gfpu;e;jspf;Ff.
• ,izg;G 7.2.1.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s thrpg;Gg; gj;jpuj;jpd;
gpujpfis khztUf;Fg; gfpu;e;jspf;Ff.
(90 epkplq;fs;)
56
gbKiw 7.2.1.3 : • khztu; fz;lwpe;jtw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fr; re;ju;g;g
kspf;Ff.
• khztu;fs; jkf;fpilNa fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf;nfhs;sr;
re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.
• ghl tpUj;jpf;Fj;; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fis toq;Ff.
(20 epkplq;fs;)

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;jp ,izg;G 7.2.1.1> 7.2.1.2 Mfpatw;iw
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lr; nrad;Kiwia elj;Jf.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa Fifr; rpj;jpuq;fis tiutjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
tu;zq;fs;> tbtq;fisf; fw;wha;jy;.
• kdpj cUtq;fisg; NghyNt tpyq;FUtq;fspd; jd;ikia tpgupj;jy;.
• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa rpjj ; puq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;gpay;Gfis tptupjj
; y;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhy rpj;jpuq;fspd; tplag;nghUs; gw;wpj; Njbawpjy;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyg; gFjp kdpjdpd; fiyj;jpwd;fisAk; ehshe;j tho;fi; fj;
jfty;fisAk; Njbawpjy;.
,izg;G 7.2.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• ,izg;G 7.2.1.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s thrpg;Gg;gj;jpuj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;s gl;lq;fisf;
fw;whAq;fs;.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhy Xtpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;gpay;Gfis ,dq;fz;L
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
• gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspAq;fs;.
1. ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhy Xtpaq;fs; gw;wpr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
- fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs;
- njhdpg;nghUs;fs;
- Xtpaq;fs; tiuag;gl;likf;fhd Nehf;fq;fs;
2. mg;gilg;Gf;fs; njhlu;ghf fiyj;Jt kjpg;gPnlhd;iw elhj;Jq;fs;

- Clfq;fs;
- El;gKiwfs; (njhopEl;g ,ay;Gfs;)
- fiyg;ghzpf;Fupa ,ay;Gfs;(cUtq;fspd; ,ay;Gfs;)
- Nru;khd ,ay;Gfs;
- Mf;fG+u;tkhd> fiyj;Jtkhd ntspg;ghL
• Njbawpe;jtw;iw tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j Maj;jQ; nra;J nfhs;f.
57
,izg;G 7.2.1.2
thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
• tlkj;jpa kw;Wk; fpof;Fg; gpuNjrq;fspNyNa ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa

fhyj;J Xtpaq;fs; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyk;> ,uz;liu ,yl;rk; Mz;Lfs; gioik
ahdJ vd;gijf; fhl;Ltjw;F kdpju; gad;gLj;jpa fy;yhyhd fUtpfs; rhd;W
gfu;fpd;wdd.
• ,jw;Nfw;g> tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpafhy rpj;jpuq;fs; %thapuk; Mz;Lfs; khj;jpuNk
gioikahdJ vd;gJ Nguhrpupau; B.gp. ee;jNjt mtu;fspdJtk; Nguhrpupau;
E.P.njuzpafytpdJk; mDkhdkhFk;.
• rpj;jpuq;fs; Ntlu;fshy; tiuag;gl;lit vd nrypf;khd; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
• ,yq;ifapy; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyj;Jf; Fifr; rpj;jpug; gilg;Gf;fspy; kdpj
cUtq;fSk; gpuhzp cUtq;fSNk njhdpg;nghUshf mike;jd.
• tpyq;F cUtq;fspilNa ahid> rpWj;ij> Kjiy> khd;> kiu> Fuq;F> khd;
cLk;G> kapy;> g+uhd; Nghd;wit Kf;fpakhdit.
• vspikahd jstbtq;fshfTk; FwpaPLfshfTk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ,t;TUtq;fs;
%yk; Mjpkdpjdpd; gpujhd [PtNdhghakhd ~Ntl;ilahly;| fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;gJ Ma;thsupd; fUj;jhFk;.
tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhy rpj;jpuq;fspd; nghJ ,ay;Gfs;

• ,r;rpj;jpuq;fis tiutjw;fhff; ifahz;l El;gKiwfs; 03 MFk;.
1. NfhLfshy; glq;fs; tiuAk; Kiw
2. tpuypdhy; my;yJ jbj;Jz;bdhy; rhak; g+Rk; Kiw
3. Ruz;Ljy; Kiw (engraving)
• jdp cUtq;fshfTk;> Nrhb cUtq;fshfTk; ,it tiuag;gl;Ls;sd.
• vspikahd jstbtq;fs; FwpaPLfshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
• kdpj> tpyq;F cUtq;fNshL NtW Nfj;jpufzpj cUtq;fSk; FwpaPl;L
cUtq;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
• tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhy rpj;jpuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fspilNa> je;jpukiyf;
Fif njhwtf;iff;Fif> gpy;yht Fif Nghd;wit gpujhdkhditahFk;.
• #oypypUe;J fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l ,aw;ifg; nghUs;fshyhd fup> ntz;fsp
tpyq;Ffspd; ,uj;jk;> KUiff;fy; Nghd;wtw;iw tu;zq;fshf cgNahfpjJ
; s;sJld;
mit ePu;> gprpd; my;yJ tpyq;F ,uj;jj;Jld; fyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
58
je;jpupkiy Fif Xtpaq;fs;
• je;jpupkiy Firr; rpjj

; puq;fs; ,yq;if tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa fhyj;ijr; Nru;ej
; it
vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.
• ,g;gilg;Gf;fSs; tpy;tpj;ijf;fhud;> xU kpUfj;jpd; KJfpd; kPJ nry;Yk; kdpj
cUtKk;> fl;llnkhd;wpDs; (tPnlhd;wpDs;) kdpj cUtq;fisf;nfhz;l
rpj;jpuKk; tuyhw;Wf;F Ke;jpa Kf;fpakhd gilg;Gf;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
• tpyq;F cUtq;fSs; ~cLk;G| vDk; cUtKk; rpwg;ghdJ.
kpUfj;jpy; Vwpr;nry;Yk; kdpjd; cLk;G
tpy; tpj;ijf;fhud; kdpj cUtq;fs; tPl;Lf;Fs;

kdpj cUtk;
59
njhutf;iff; Fif
• njhutf;iff; Fif Nffhiy khtl;l ngypfy; Nfhuisapy; tuf;fhg;nghis
efiu mz;ba ks;njdpah vDk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
• ,J xd;iw kw;nwhd;W jq;fpAs;sJ Nghd;W Vwj;jho 1500 mb caukhd ghupa
kiyf;Fd;Wfspuz;bdhyhd ,aw;ifahd xU fw;FifahFk;.
• [P.vt;.Mu; GNuhtpadu; vd;gtu; 1919 ,y; fz;Lgpbf;ifapy; epyj;jpypUe;J 61$2
mb cauj;jpNyNa rpj;jpuq;fs; jPl;lg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ.
• ,r;rpj;jpuq;fs;> NfhLfshy; tiue;Jk;> Ruz;bAk;; Mfpa ,uz;L KiwfspYk;
tiuag;gl;litahfpd;wd.
• ,e;j Fifr; rpj;jpuq;fSs; rpwg;ghd gilg;ghf ahidAk; ahidf; Fl;bAk;
vDk; gilg;G Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• kPDk; kdpj tbTk; cLk;G vDk; rpj;jpuKk; Kf;fpakhd xU gilg;ghff;
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
• mj;NjhL #upa re;jpuidf; fhl;Lk; rpj;jpunkhd;Wk; cs;sJ.
60
gpy; y ht
• tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; mDuhjGu khtl;lj;jpy; gpy;yht fw;Fif mike;Js;sJ.
• v];.a+. juzpafiy vd;ghuhy; 1951 Mk; Mz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ,f;Fifapd;
rpjj
; puq;fs; tu;zq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tiuag;gl;l Nfhl;Lr; rpjj
; puq;fisf; fhzyhk;.
• fyg;G Clfq;fisf; nfhz;L tiuag;gl;l rpy rpj;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
• N[hd;];by; vd;gtupd; fUj;Jg;gb ,q;F fhzg;gLk; Kf;fpakhd gilg;G
fl;lnkhd;wpDs; (tPnlhd;wpDs;) cs;s ,uz;L kdpj cUtq;fisf; nfhz;l
rpj;jpukhFk;.
• ,f;Fifr; rpj;jpuq;fspy; ahid> kiu> kapy; cUtq;fSk; rpwg;ghdit
• Nfj;jpufzpj FwpaPLfisf;nfhz;l cUtq;fSk; ,tw;wpy; mlq;fpAs;sd.
61
Nju; r ; r p 7.0 : tuyhw; W uP j pahd cs; e hl; L ntspehl; L rpj; j pu rpw; g
nrJf;fy; kw;Wk; fl;ll epu;khzf; fiyfspd; jdpj;Jtq;
fis ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpd; fiyg; gz;Gfis gilg;ghf;fj;
jpw; f hfg; gad; g Lj; J thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 7.3 : RNjr kuGuPjpahd myq;fupg;G tbtikg;Gf;fisf; fw;ghu;.
nraw; g hL 7.3.1 : jhtu (cj;gpj) tifiar; Nru;e;j myq;fhu tbtq;fis

Muha;e;J fw;Nghk;||
ghlNtisfs; : 04
fw;ww; NgWfs; : • cs;ehl;L ghuk;gupa myq;fhu tbtq;fis tifg;gLj;J

thu;.
• jhtu tifiar; rhu;e;j myq;fhuq;fspy; rpyij njupT
nra;J epu;khzpg;G gw;wp jfty;fisr; Nrfupg;ghu;.
• gytpj re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd myq;fhuq;fis
njupTnra;J epu;khzpg;Gf;fisr; nra;thu;.
jutpUj; j p cs; s P L fs; : • cs;ehl;Lg; ghuk;gupa myq;fhu tbtq;fis cs;slf;fpa

cUtg;glq;fs;> epow;glq;fs;.

gbKiw 7.3.1.1 : • Nrhlid myq;fhu Kiw xd;iwf; fhl;b mjidg; gw;wp
tpdTtJld; ghlj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;Ff.
• Nrhlid myq;fhuq;fs; ,lg;gl;Ls;s tpNrl ,lq;fs; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLf. (15 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 7.3.1.2 : • ,izg; G 7.3.1.1 ,w; F upa nraw; g hl; L g; gbtj; j pid
khztu;fSf;F toq;Ff.
• ,izg;G 7.3.1.2 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg; gbtj;ij khztu;fSf;F
toq;Ff.
• khztu;fis nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jf. (120 epkplq;fs;)
gbKiw 7.3.1.3 : • khztu;fs; jhq;fs; fz;lwpe;j tplaq;fis Kd;itf;f

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.
• khztu; f s; jq; f s; fUj; J f; f isg; gupkhwpf; n fhs; s
Cf;FtpfF ; f.
(15 epkplq;fs;)
62
• ghuk;gupa myq;fhuf; fhl;LUf;fs; nja;tf P (jpta
; )> gpuhzpfs; tif (rj;t)> jhtutif
(cj;gpj)> capuw;w(epu;[Pt) tiffis ,dq;fhzy;
• jhtu tifiar; Nru;ej ; kyu;> ,iy tiffis fw;gidapy; Mf;fg+u;tkhf tiujy;.
• jhtu tif myq;fhuq;fspd; ,Nuiffs;> yak;> xOq;fpizg;G> Mf;fg+u;tkhd
jd;ikfisf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.
• jhtu tif myq;fhuq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis tpgupj;Jf;$wy;.
,izg;G 7.3.1.1
Ma;T /nraw;
• ,izg;G 7.3.1.2 ,w;Fupa thrpg;Gg;gbtj;ij ed;whf Muha;e;J fw;f.

• cq;fSf;Ff; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l khjpupfis ed;whf Nehf;Ff.
• jhtu tifiar; Nru;e;j ghuk;gupa myq;fhuq;fis cs;slf;fp rpw;NwL xd;iwj;
jahupf;Ff.
• epu;khzpj;j rpw;Nwl;il tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fj; jahuhFf.
• Mrpupaupd; cjtpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;f.
,izg;G 7.3.1.2
thrpg;Gg; gbtk;
• kuk;> kyu;fs;> nfhbfs;> ,iyfs; vd;gtw;iw cgNahfpj;J Mf;fg+u;tkhf

cUthf;fg;gl;l myq;fhuf; fhl;LUf;fs; jhtu tifia Nru;e;jit MFk;.
• jhtu tifiar; Nru;e;j myq;fhuf; fhl;LUf;fs; ,aw;if (];tghtpf)> gFjpf;
fw;gid (fy;gpj) tbtq;fs; vd ,Utifg;gLk;.
- ,aw;if tifiar; Nru;ej; J rg;Gkyu;> jhok;g+ Mfpa ctUq;fisf; Fwpgg ; plyk;.
- gFjpf; fw;gid tbtq;fs; miu ,aw;if tbtq;fSilait.
cjhuzkhf fLg;Gy;kyu;> rPd kyu;> gurj;J kyu;> fj;jpupkyu; Mfpatw;iwf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
• tpfhiu Xtpaq;fs;> fy; nrJf;fy;fs;> kur; nrJf;fy;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; cgNahfg;
gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
• jyjh khspif> fq;fhuk tpfhiu> njfy;njhU tpfhiu Nghd;w Gdpjj; jyq;fspYk;
fz;bf;fhy gy tpfhiur; Rtu; Xtpaq;fspYk; ,t; myq;fhu cUf;fisf; fhzyhk;.
• vk;gf;Nf Njthyaj;jpd; kur; rpw;gq;fspYk; ,tw;iwf; fhzyhk;.
• Rtu; Xtpaq;fspd; ,ilntspfis epug;Gk; myq;fupg;Gf;fhfTk; ,it gad;gLj;jg;
gLfpd;wd.
63
md; d hrp kyu;
• md; d hrp kyupd; tbtj; i jf; nfhz; l NghJk; ,iyfs; mt; t btj; i jf;
nfhs;stpy;iy. nfhb Nghd;w Rghtj;ijf; nfhz;lJ. cgNahfg;gLj;Jk;
,lg;ghLfSf;Nfw;g ,iyfspd; tbtk; khw;wq;fSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
jhkiug; g +
• jhkiu kyu; myq;fhuq;fs; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhdit cs;sd.

• ,it tl;lj;jpDs;NsNa tiuag;gl;Ls;sd.
• tl;ltbtkhd mikg;Gf;Fs; gy tbtikg;G ,jo;;fisf; nfhz;l jhkiu kyu;
myq;fhuq;fs; mjpfstpy; cs;sd.
• Nfj;jpufzpj cUtq;fis cs;slf;fp epuk
; hzpff
; g;gl;Ls;s jhkiu kyupd; ,jo;fs;
ngUk;ghYk; ,ul;il vz;zpf;if nfhs;Sk;. (4> 8> 16)
• tpfhiu RtNuhtpaq;fspy; ,ilntspfis epug;Gtjw;fhfTk; tpfhiug;ghT
(cl;$iu) myq;fupg;Gf;fhfTk; gutyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
64
rz;gfg; g+ /nrz;
nrz;gfg; g+ (rg;Gky;)
• ,aw;ifahd rz;gfg; g+Tf;F xj;jjhf epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• fz;bf;fhy tpfhiur; Rtu; Xtpaq;fspy; ,ilntspfis
epug;gg; ngUk;ghYk; cgNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• ,aw;ifahd jhtu tif (cj;gPj) myq;fhukhFk;.
jhsk; g+
• ,J vspikahd NfhLfshyhd xU tbtikg;ghFk;.

• ,aw;iff;F mz;kpj;j myq;fhu myfhFk;.
Mdhy; KOikahd ,aw;if mikg;G my;y.
fLGs; kyu;
• ghsp nkhopapy; ~FKJg;gyh| vdTk; rpq;fs nkhopapy;

~jptkfndy;| vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• ehfNyhfj;ijr; Nru;e;j xU kyuhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
• kyu; mUk;G> nfhbapiy> mUk;G> fPyk; (gJW) Nghd;w
tbtq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
ky; y pifg; g +
• ky;ypifg; g+tpd; ,aw;ifahd tbtj;ij

mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L miuf; fw; g id ,J
epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• ky;ypifg; g+ Nkd;ikahd xU kyuhff; fUjg;gLtjhy;
nja; t cUtq; f spd; gpd; d zpia myq; f upf; f
cgNahfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
• mjpfkhd tpfhiufspy; J}upifia kl;Lk; cgNahfpjJ ;
fWg;G epwg; gpd;dzpapy; nts;is epwj;jpy; ,k;kyiu
tiue;Js;sdu;.
65
gpdu kyu;
• ~gpdu| vd;gJ jho;epyg; gpuNjrq;fspy; "fpdpfpupah"

vdg; ngau; ngWk;.
• fhLfspy; fhzg; g Lk; ,J ehd; F ,jo; f isf;
nfhz;lJ.
fj;jpup kyu;
• kyUk; epiyapYs;s MW ,jo;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

• Gs;sb kyu; vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.
• eLNt cs; s ,jo; f s; fj; j pupNghd; W mjhtJ
Gs;sbNghd;W mike;Js;sJ. kyupd; kj;jpapy; fupzpfh
mikg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
• md;dhrp kyiu xj;jjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk;
,J md;dhrp kyu; Nghd;W KOikahf kyu;e;j kyu;
my;y.
rPd kyu;
• rpq;fs myq;fhuf; fhl;LUtpd; mbg;gil gapw;rp

tbtkhd mfj;jpf;fUf;F tf;fnjf spagj Mfpa
tw;Wf;F nry;thf;ifg; ngw;W tiuag;gl;Ls;sjhff;
fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• jk;Gs;is tpfhiuapy; rPd kyu; tbtikg;Gf;fs;
gytw;iwf; fhzyhk;.
66
gyhg;ngj;jpp/ gy;NtW jhkiu ,jo; myq;fhuk;
• ,e;j myq;fhu tbtikg;G> jhkiu ,jo;fisf; nfhz;L epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• Xuj;ij mjhtJ tpspk;ig myq;fupg;gjw;fhfNt ,J nghJthfg; gad;gLj;jg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
• mjpfstpyhd gyhg;ngj;jp tbtq;fs; ,Uf;fpw NghjpYk; gpuNahfpf;Fk; ,lk;>
ghtidg; nghUspd; tbtk; Mfpatw;Wf;F Vw;w tifapy; nghUj;jkhd tbtikg;G
jahupj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
g+q; n fhb myq; f huk;

• g+> ,iy> gpQ;R> nfhOnfhk;G Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• jdpf;nfhb> ,Unfhb> rpwpa nfhb> ngupanfhb> vspikahd nfhb> rpf;fyhd
nfhb vd ,t;tbtikg;Gg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• Rop tiyapd; nry;thf;ifg; ngw;W cUthf;fg;gl;l xU tbtikngdf; fhzyhk;.
,t;thwhd Mapuf;fzf;fhd tbtikg;Gf;fs; cs;sd.
• jstbtq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW RahjPdkhf nfhb myq;fhuk; Mf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
67
2015 ,y; ,Ue;J mKyhFk; rpj;jpuf;fiy Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G tropfhl;bapy;
cs;s jtWfspd; jpUj;jk;.
1 jtiz 2 jtiz 3 jtiz

nraw;ghl;L ,yf;fk; nraw;ghl;L ,yf;fk; nraw;ghl;L ,yf;fk;
1.1.1
1.1.3> 1.2.1> 1.2.2 1.2.3> 1.2.4
1.1.2
2.1.2 2.2.1> 2.2.2
2.1.1
3.2.1 3.3.1
3.1.1
4.1.2 4.2.1> 4.2.2
4.1.1
5.1.2 6.1.4
5.1.1
6.1.2> 6.1.3 7.1.4
6.1.1
7.1.2> 7.1.3
7.1.1
7.2.1
68

Gr7 Art Tamil Medium Teacher's Guide

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rpj;jpuk;

mofpaw; fy;t pj;J iw

Kjw; gjpg;G: 2016

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

mofpaw; fy;t pj;J iw

fw;wy; vd;gJ gue;J tpupe;J nry;tnjhd;whFk;. mJ tho;f;ifia Nkk;gLj;jTk;

fw;wYf;fhf ngWkjpkpf;fit vitNah mitAk;> fw;wy; Kiwapay;fSk; trjpfSk;

,yq;if etPd g+Nfhs newpfisAk; gz;ila mUQ;nry;tq;fisAk; fyf;fr;

ghlf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspd; xj;jjd;ikia Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJ mtrpakhFk;.

me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;ghf kjpg;gL

gpujpg; gzpg;g hsu; ehafk;

ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s ghlq;fSs; mofpaw; ghlq;fs; rpwg;ghd

ey;y r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ey;y gpuirfs; Njit. mjw;Fupa mj;jpahtrpaj;

khztuplj;Nj mj;jpahtrpa Nju;r;rpfis miltjw;fhfg; ghlj;Njhbize;j VO

cs;t hup tsg;gq;fspg;G

ntspthup tsg;g q;fspg;G

nkhopngau;g ;G nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;

,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;b 2016 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s 11 Me;

I. mofpay; rhu;e;j my;yJ ghlj;Jld; ,ize;j Rthurpakhd Kd;dpiy

gpd;tUk; ml;ltizf;Nfw;g nraw;ghLfis %d;W jtizfshfg; gpupf;fTk;.

gzp g; g hsu ; eha fj; j p d; nra ; j p iii

gpujpg; gzpg; g hsu; ehafj; j pd; nra; j p iv

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nr a d; K i w f ; f h d mw p TW j ; j y ; f s ; 1-68

Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

1'2 ,aw;if> nraw;if  rpj;jpu mbg;gilfs;  xOq;fikg;gpd; mbg;gil

Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

2.0 Rw;whlypw; 2.1 vspikahd Nfj;jpu  vspikahd jhtug;  vspikahd Nfj;jpu

2.2 vspikahd Nfj;jpu  ,aw;if tbtq;fSk;  vspikahd Nfj;jpu fzpj

Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

3.0 gad;ghl;Lj; 3.1 jhtuj;ij  myq;fupg;G myFfs; ; myq;fupg;G myFfis 16

3.2 may; tu;zk;> vjpu;  may; tu;zk;.  Mf;fq;fis

3.3 Fspu; tu;z> ntg;g  Kg;gupkhz Mf;fq;fs;  tu;z rhay;fisg;

Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

4.2 gy;NtW nkhopfS-  Mf;fr; rpwg;Gila  Mf;fg+u;tkhd

5.1 mg;Gjy;> gy;NtWgl;l El;g Kiwfs;  mg;Gjy;> nghspjy; 10

Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

6.1 Mw;Wiff;fiyfs;  njhiyf;fhl;rp rpWtu;  ,yj;jpudpay; 08

6.3 ghuk;gupa  tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp.  gd;Gy;> ehu;> epae;j>

6.4 ,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupa  tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp  gd;Gy; kw;Wk; epae;j ehu;>

Nju;r ; r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlNtis

ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; xl;Lnkhj;jf; fiyj;jpll; j;jpy; "rpjj

ghlj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspw; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

 ,j;Jiwapy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;s Gjpa fUj;Jf;fs;.

 ghlrhiyapy; tFg;giwf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghf elj;jg;gl;l mtjhdpg;Gf;fSk; Ma;TfSk;.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghyhd fy;tp mwpfi

I. njhlHghly; NjHr;r pfs;

vOj;jwpT : ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;> fUj;jwpa thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk;>

rpj;jpu mwpT : NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUkj;ij mwpjy;> tptuq;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs;>vz;zq;fs;

II. MSik tpUj;jp njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

III. #oy; njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

IV. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;F j; jahH nra;jy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

V. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

VI. Xa;T Neuj;i jg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa NjHr;r pfs;

VII. “fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;” njhlHghd NjHr;r pfs;

1. Rw;whly; rhu;e;j eag;ghw;wiy tsu;j;jy;.

2. Mf;fr; rpe;jidiaAk; Mf;fpay; jpwd;fisAk; tsu;j;jy;.

3. tpidj;jpwdhd tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd jpwd;fisAk; kdg;ghq;FfisAk; tsu;j;jy;.

4. vkJ ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gz;ghl;Lg; ngWkhdq;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ,dq;fhZjYk; kjpj;jYk;

5. jpwdha;T Mw;wiy tsu;j;jy;.

6. vjpu;fhy NtiyAyfpd; miw$ty;fis vjpu;nfhs;sj;jf;fthwhd Mw;wy;fisf; nfhz;l rkepiyahd MSikia

Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 1.1 : Rw;whly; rhu;e;j ,Nuifr; rpj;jpuq;fis tiuthu;.

nraw; g hL 1.1.1 : ~~ghlrhiy #oiy ,Nuiffshy; tiuNthk;.||

fw;ww; NgWfs; : • ghlrhiy ,aw;if> nraw;if #oypd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf;