இஸ்லாமிய நாகரிகம் ..ஆசிரியர் பயிற்சி

,];yhkpa ehfupfk;
f.ngh.j cau; juk;

juk; - 12
Mrpupau; topfhl;b
(2017 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)
rkaq;fs; kw;Wk; tpOkpaq;fs; fy;tpj; Jiw
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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www.nie.lk
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,];yhk;
juk; 12
Mrpupau; topfhl;b
Kjyhk; gjpg;G - 2017
© Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
ISBN :
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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,izaj; jsk; ( www.nie.lk

kpd;dQ;ry; info@nie.lk
gjpg;G :
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp
2007 Mk; Mz;L eilKiwapypUe;j cs;slf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

ghltpjhdj;ij etPdg;gLj;jp> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;> Muk;g> ,ilepiyf; fy;tpg;
gug;Gfspd; vl;L tUl Row;rp Kiwahd> Gjpa Njrpakl;lg; ghltpjhdj;jpd; Kjy;
ghfj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOtpdhy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;l
Njrpa fy;tp ,yf;Ffis mbg;gil Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L> ,J nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;
nghJj; Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;J te;jJ.
gy;NtWgl;l fy;tpahsu;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;TfspdJk;> fUj;Jf;

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ghltpjhdk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjd; njhlu;r;rpahfg; ghltpjhdr; Row;rpapd;
,uz;lhk;ghfk; 2015 Mk; Mz;by; ,Ue;J fy;tp Kiwapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L
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; pfis tsu;jn ; jLg;gjw;fhf>
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xNu ghlj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpid Vida ghlq;fspYk; kPz;Lk; ghtpg;gjidf;
Fiwg; g jw; f hfTk; > ghlj; j pd; Nehf; f q; f is kl; L g; g Lj; J tjw; f hfTk; >
nraw;gLj;jf;$bajhd khztu; ikag; ghltpjhdk; xd;iw cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk;
fpilahd xUq;fpizg;ghdJ nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
Mrpupau;fspw;F> mtu;fsJ tFg;giwf; fw;gpj;jy;fis topg;gLj;Jtjw;F

mtrpakhd topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Ftjw;fhfTk;> jq;fisf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;
nraw;ghLfspy; nghUj;jg;ghl;Lld; <LgLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> tFg;giw mstPL
fisAk; kjpg;gPLfisAk; nghUj;jkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjid Nehf;fkhff;
nfhz;L Gjpa Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j topfhl;b.
E}y;fs;> Mrpupaiu xU nghUj;jg;ghLila Mrpupauhf tFg;giwapy; nraw;gl
itf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j topfhl;b E}y;fspD}lhf> Mrpupau;fs; jq;fs; khztu;fspd;
Nju;r;rpfis tsu;j;njLf;fj; Njitahd ju cs;sPLfisAk;> nraw;ghLfisAk;
jhq;fshfNt njupe;njLf;Fk; Rje;jpuj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. tpje;Jiuf;
fg;gl;l ghlg;gug;Gf;fspd; ghupa Rikfs; ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mjyhy;> ,g;Gjpa
Mrpupa topfhl; b E}y; f s; KOg; g ad; g hL cilaitahtjw; F > fy; t p
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ghl;bid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
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-III-
Gjpa ghlE}y;fspdJk; mbg;gilf; Fwpf;Nfhs;> khztu;fis Mrpupa ikaf;
fy; t papypUe; J tpLtpj; J > nraw; g hLfSld; $ba khztu; ikaf; f y; t papid
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Njitahd Nju;r;rpfSk; jpwd;fSk; kpf;f kdpj tsj;jpid toq;ff;$ba khztu;
fspd; vz;zpf;ifapid tpUj;jp nra;af;$bajhapUj;jNyahFk;.
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gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j tsthsu;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ,t;Taupa Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mu;g;gzpg;Gld;
gzpahw;wpa midtUf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfisAk; tho;j;Jf;fisAk; njuptpj;Jf;
nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
fyhepjp. jpUkjp. n[ae;jp FzNrfu

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
kfufk.
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gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp
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vspikg;gLj;jTk; ty;yJ. kdpjd; fw;Fk; Mw;wypy; cr;r epiyapy; cs;shd;.
kdpj> r%f mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff; nfhz;l xU ehLk; mjd; r%fKk;
mwpthw;wypdhy; ,dq;fz;l> epakkw;wtw;iwf; fistjw;Fk;. ey;ytw;iwg; gz;gLj;jpg;
Gj;Jyifg; gilg;gjw;fhd fUtpaha; miktJ fy;tpahFk;.
fw;wYf;fhfg; ngWkjpkpff
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; iwapw; Nru;eJ
; nfhs;fpdw ; d.
,yq;if> etPd nry;newpfisAk; gz;ila mUQ;nry;tq;fisAk; fyf;fr; nra;J

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kWrP u ikg; G fspD}lhf vl; L Mz; L fSf; n fhUjlit ,w; i wg; g Lj; j g; g Lk;
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kl;lq;fis miltjw;fhfg; ghltplaq;fspd; %yk; fw;ww; NgWfis mz;kpgg ; jw;fhff;
fw;wy; Kiwapay;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhdjhf khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;
trjp nra;J nfhLg;NghUf;F cz;L vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. khztuJ milTr;
rjtPjj;ij caupa kl;lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;y cjTk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd trjpfisr;
nra;J nfhLf;Fk; MrpupauJ tfpghfj;jpw;F ce;Jjyspg;gjw;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Mrpupau; topfhl;bia Mrpupau;fs; kl;Lkd;wp khztUk; ngw;NwhUk; $lg;
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,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b> kw;WnkhU ghlE}y; md;W vd;gij mwpe;J ghlE}y;>
Mrpupau; topfhl;b Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Mrpupau;fs; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;gpy>; Njrpa epiyg; guPlr ; fu;fshy; vjpug ; hu;ff
; g;ngWk;
milTfis> khztu;fs; mile;Js;sduh vd;gJ gw;wpg; ghlepiwtpy; tFg;giwapy;
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; j;jf;f nrOikahd
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gPlhjpgjp> gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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tsg;gq;fspg;G / fiyj;jpl;lf; FO
topfhl; l Yk; mDkjpAk;
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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
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m\; n \a; f ; N[.vk; . n[]hu;
tpupTiuahsu;
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fyhepjp vk; . V.vk; . Rf; u p gzpg;ghsu;> esPkpa;ah ,];yhkpa fyhgPlk;>
NgUtis
m\; n \a; f ; vk; . v]; . V.ghup rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;>
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m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.k]h`pu; rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu; gPlhjpgjp
mwG kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa fw;iffs; gPlk;
njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> xYtpy;
m\; n \a; f ; vk; . up.up]; t p Jiwj; jiytu;> ,];yhkpa ehfupf fw;iffs; Jiw
,yq;if fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;
nksytp vk;.up. ,f;ghy; Mrpupa MNyhrfu; - ,];yhk;
nfhOk;G fy;tp tyak;
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ntspaf
m\; n \a; f ; vk; . vr; . vk; . G`hup
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>kpDthq;nfhil fy;tp tyak;
vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;
Xa;Tngw;w Mrpupau;.
vk;.v];.vk;. md];
Mrpupau;> mYj;fk;tPjpa Njrpa ghlrhiy> ju;fh efu;
m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.g];Yu; u`;khd;
Mrpupau;> ghG];]yhk; K. tp>ehk;GSt.
m\; n \a; f ; eth]; ]d_u; j P d ;
mjpgu;> my; kdhu; Njrpa ghlrhiy>
m\; n \a; f ; vk; . vg; . vk; . gh`pk;
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>kpDthq;nfhil fy;tp tyak;
nksytp vk;.vk;. Mg;jPd;
Mrpupau;> gd;dt K. tp> gd;dt.
vk; . v]; . vk; . g+]up
Mrpupau;> my; gj;upah k.tp> f`Nlhtpl
V.]P.vk; K]k;kpy;
njy;njhl K.k.tp> njy;njhl;il
-VI-
Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;
Mrpupau; topfhl;b> ghlj;jpl;lj;ij cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kW rPuikf;fg;gl;l
ghlj;jpl;lk; khztu;fsplk; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; milT kl;lq;fisAk; mjid mile;J
nfhs; S tjw; F g; gad; g Lj; j f; $ ba nrad; K iwiaAk; tpsf; F fpwJ. NkYk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l milTfs; Fwpj;J kjpg;gpLtjw;Fk; MrpupaUf;F ,J cjTfpwJ.
,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;b fw;wy; fw;gpjj

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Mrpupau; nghUj;jkhd fw;gpj;jy; Kiwnahd;iwg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Stjw;fhd
Rje;jpuj;ij ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ.
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rhu; $Wfspy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtij ,yf;fhff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; mNjNtis ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b mjw;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gil
mk;rq;fs; Fwpj;J topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.
mj;NjhL cupa Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij mile;J nfhs;Stjw;fhf tpla cs;slf;fj;ij

toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd fhyg;gFjpiar; RahjPdkhf jPuk
; hdpj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;
MrpupaUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; Nju;r;rp kl;lk; kw;Wk; fw;wy; NgWfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghlj;jpd; vy;iyia tiuaWj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ghlj;ijj; jpll; kpl
,yFthf mikAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jypd;NghJ khztu;fspd; Njliy Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhff; FO uPjpahd

nraw;ghLfs; cjTfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf cau; ju tFg;Gf;fSf;F FOr; nraw;ghLfs;
kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf mikfpd;wd. FOr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; Njitahd E}y;fs;
kw;Wk; Vida tsq;fisg; ghlrhiyr; #oypy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba epiyapid
Vw;gLj;JtjD}lhfj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l ,yf;if miltij cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk;.
,t; t opfhl; b MrpupaUf; f hd topfhl; l y; Fwpg; G f; f is nfhz; L s; s Nj jtpu

khztu;fSf;fhd Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;fhdjy;y vd;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,f; F wpg; G f; f is mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L Nkyjpf NjlypD}lhf tplaq; f s;
Kd;itf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;ff; g;gLfpwJ. khztu;fSf;F Rakhd NjlYf;F
topfhl;LtJ Mrpupaupd; nghWg;ghFk;.
fy;tp kWrPuikg;gpd; Clhf vjpu;ghu;ff

; g;gLk; kw;wq;fis mile;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy;
khztupd; rpe;jpf;Fk; Mw;wy;> r%fj; jpwd;fs;> jdpahs; jpwd;fs; vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jp
nra;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; gad;kpf;f fw;gpj;jypd; Clhf rpwe;jnjhU vjpu;fhyr;
re;jjpia cUthf;FtNj vkJ vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.
nraw;wpl;lj; jiytu;
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cs; s lf; f k;
gf;fk;
• gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iii

• gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp v
• fiyj;jpl;lf; FO vi
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• fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd topfhl;ly;fs; 1
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fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; njhlu;ghd topfhl;ly;
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Mrpupau; topfhl;b - juk; 12 ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;
Nju; r ; r p 1.0 : ,]; y hkpa ehfupfj; j pd; Njhw; w j; J f; F k;

tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzpfis Vida ehfupfq;fSld;
xg; G Nehf; F thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 1.1 : ehfupfk; > gz; g hL Mfpa nrhw; g puNahfq; f Sf; F
,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis ,dk; fz;L $Wthu;;.
ghlNtisfs; : 10
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
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NtWghLfis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.
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mjw;fhd gpd;dzpiaAk; tuyhw;whjhuq;fSld; Kd;itg;ghh;.
! gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd;> tho;T gw;wpa ,];yhkpa Nfhl;ghLfis

Vida Nfhl;ghLfSld; xg;gpl;L tpsf;Fthh;.
ghlj; i jj; jpl; l kpLtjw; f hd mwpTWj; j y; f s; :

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; nghUisf; nfhz;lJ. mjNdhL mNdf tplaq;fs;
njhlu;GWfpd;wd.
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nrhw;gpuNahfq;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
! cNuhk murpay; toq;fpa yj;jPd; nkhop %yk; tpUj;jpaile;j Mq;fpyk;>
gpuQ;R> ];ghdpa> Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa> ,j;jhypa nkhopfspy; Religion vd;w
nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
! cNuhkhdpa Ngr;rhsuhd rp];Nuh> ,e;jr; nrhy; re-legere Mfpa ,uz;L
nrhw;fshy; MdJ vdTk; mr;nrhw;fs; ,uz;Lk; ,ize;J kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
thrpj;jy; vd;w fUj;ijj; jUtjhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. rpe;jpj;jy; vd;gJ ,jd;
fUj;jhFk;. gf;jpNahL ,iwtid topgLjy; vd;gNj me;jr; nrhy;ypd;
nghUs; vd;gJ kw;nwhU fUj;jhFk;. NkYk; mJ yj;jPd; nrhy;ypypUe;J
gpwe;jnjd;Wk; mjd; nghUs; xd;whfg; gpizjy; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
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nfhk;Nl vd;ghu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
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rkak; vd fhe;jpkfhd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
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ek; g pf; i f itg; g J vd; g J rkakhFk; . ,e; j ek; g pf; i fapy; cyf
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nghWj;jtiu Xupiwf; nfhs;if (njs`Pj); tYthff; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpdw ; J.
www.nie.lk -1-
info@nie.lk
! kw;nwhW tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;> fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhj rf;jp kPJk;>

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Md;kPf cwTld; rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;wdu;. me;j ek; g pf; i fapd;
mbg;gilapy; topghLfisAk; nra;J tUfpd;wdu;. mNjNtis> ,iwtid
ek;ghj - kWf;fpd;w ehj;jpfu;fSk; cyfpy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. ,t;tpU
gFjpahupd; tho;f;if gw;wpa Nfhl;ghl;bYk; eilKiwapy; NtWghLfs;
cz;L.
! gz;ghL> ehfupfk; Mfpa ,uz;L nrhw;fSk; rpyNghJ xj;jfUj;jpYk;
rpyNghJ NtWgl;l fUj;jpYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j kaf;fkhd
nrhw;gpuNahfk;> gz;ghL> ehfupfk; gw;wpa tpjj
; pahrkhd tiutpyf;fzq;fSk;
tpsf;fq;fSk; Njhd;wf; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd.
! gz;G vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J gz;ghL vd;w nrhy; gpwe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gJ xU
fUj;jhFk;. gz;ghl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; Culture vd;w nrhy; Cultivation of mind
cs;sj;ijg; gz;gLj;jy; vd;w gz;gpypUe;J gpwe;jjhf vk;. gpf;Njhy;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
! K];ypk; gz;ghL vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpdhy; gz;gLj;jg;gl;l cskhw;wj;jpd;
tpisthFk;.
! gz;ghL vd;w gjk; cs;sk;> rpe;jid> czu;TfNshL njhlu;Gila
mk;rq;fisAk;> ehfupfk; vd;w gjk; csg;gz;G> rpe;jid> czu;Tfspd;
gpuj;jpal;r Gwj;Njhw;w ntspg;ghlhd eil> cil> ghtidfs;> mwptpay;
Kaw;rpfs;> mofpay; fiyfs;> rl;lk;> gof;f tof;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iwf;
Fwpg;gjhfTk; fUJfpd;wdu;.
! ehfupfk; vd;gJ gz;ghl;bd; ntspg;ghlhFk;. fhyKk;> #oYk; khw;wkilAk;
NghJ ehfupfj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; epfoyhk;. Mdhy; gz;ghl;by; vj;jifa
khw;wKk; epfohJ. Vnddpy;> kdpjdpd; ,ay;gpy; tuyhw;W khw;wq;fshYk;>
rKjha khw;wq;fshYk; vj;jifa khw;wKk; epfo KbahJ.
! efu tho;tpd; epfo;Tfs; my;yJ ngWNgWfNs ehfupfk; vd ,g;D fy;J}d;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. r%f tsu;rr
; papy; Kd;Ndw;wkile;j fl;lj;ij ehfupfk; vDk;
gjk; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. eil> cil> ghtid mwptpay; Kaw;rpfs;> mofpaw;
fiyfs;> rl;lk;> r%f gof;f tof;fq;fs; Kjypatw;iw cs;slf;fpa kdpj
,dj;ij ehfupfk; vDk; gjk; Fwpg;gjhf r%ftpayhsu;fs; Fwpg;gpLtu;.
! ehfupfk; vd;gJ Xu; ,dj;jpd; my;yJ tFg;gpdupd; gz;Gfisf; Fwpf;Fk;
xU nghJr; nrhy;yhFk;. mJ fz;fSf;Fg; Gyg;glf;$ba rlg;nghUs;fspd;
mgptpUj;jpiaAk; nghJ tho;tpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ
vd fyhepjp mkPu;`]d; rpj;jPf;fp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
! kdpjd;> ngsjpf tsq;fs; (Juhg;)> fhyk; (tf;j;)> Mfpa %d;wpdJk;
$l;bizg;Ng ehfupfk; Njhw;wk; ngwf; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. kdpjd;
jd; Mw;wy;fisAk; ngsjpf tsq;fisAk;> fhyj;ijAk; xd;wpizj;J
cupa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ehfupfk; cUthfpd;wJ. ehfupfk;
cUthtjw;F jdpkdpj Kaw;rp NghJkhdjy;y. kf;fspd; xl;Lnkhj;j
www.nie.lk -2-
info@nie.lk
Kaw;rpAk; gu];gu $l;LwTk;> ,d;]hd;> Juhg;> tf;j; Mfpa %d;Wk;

,izf;fg;gl;L ehfupfk; cUthtij rhj;jpakhf;FfpwJ vd;fpwhu; khypf;
gpd; egp mtu;fs;.
! tuyhw;wpd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpy; ehfupfq;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. fhyq;fle;J
nry;y> mtw;Ws; rpy mopeJ ; tpLfpdw; d. Mdhy; me;j ehfupfj;jpd; fyhrhuk;
NtnwhU ehfupfj;jpd; mikg;gpy; Njhw;wnkLf;fpd;wd. vdNt> ehfupfk;
mope;jhYk; fyhrhuk; mopahJ. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;> gy;NtW murpay;>
nghUshjhuf; fhuzq;fshy; mjd; ehfupfr; rpd;dq;fs; mopTw;wpUf;fyhk;.
Mdhy;> ,];yhkpa gz;ghl;bd; Md;kh> xt;nthU K];ypkpd; cs;sj;jpYk;
capu; tho;fpd;wJ. mJ xd;wy;y> Xuhapuk; ehfupfq;fis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;
Nguhw;wy; nfhz;lJ. vdNt> ,];yhkpa gz;ghL vd;gJ tuyhw;wpd; gf;fq;fspy;
J}rp gbe;J kwf;fg;gl;l mj;jpahakd;W. mJ K];ypk;fspd; rpe;jidia -
czu;Tfis fz;Nzhl;lj;ij - ,yl;rpaj;ij newpg;gLj;Jk; khngUk;
Mj;k rf;jpahFk;. kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gy ehfupfq;fs; Njhd;wpAk; mope;Jk;
,Uf;fpd;wd. mit gpuNjrk; rhu;e;jjhf> ,dk; rhu;e;jjhf> FWfpa
fz;Nzhl;lk; rhu;ej
; jhf ,Ue;jikahy; ePbf;ftpyi ; y. xd;W khwp kw;nwhd;W
Njhd;Wk; epiyapy; mike;jpUe;jd. mit gw;wpAk; RUf;fkhff; fhz;Nghk;.
nkrgNjhkpa ehfupfk;
! ,J fp.K. 3500 njhlf;fk; 1500 tiuapyhd fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ.
,jid a+g;gpupB];> ilfpuP]; ejpf;fiu ehfupfk; vdTk; toq;Ftu;.; ,uhf;fpy;
mike;j ,e;ehfupfk; ggpNyhdpahitj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,q;F
tho; e ; N jhu; RNkupau; vdg; g l; l du; . ,q; F kf; f s; tFg; G thupahf
gpupf;fg;gl;bUe;jdu;. ,tu;fspd; gpujhd njhopy; tptrhakhFk;. ePu;tsKs;s
gpuNjrkhf ,Ue;jikahy; ePu;g;ghrd trjpfs; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. ePu;
topg; g hijfSk; fhy; t ha; f Sk; fhzg; g l; l d. nrq; f y; > rtu; f ; f huk;
Nghd;witAk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. nrk;G> jfuk;> jhkpu cNyhfg;
gad;ghLk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mtu;fshy; mikf;fg;gl;l njhq;FNjhl;lk; cyf
mjpraq;fspy; xd;whff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
! ,tu;fs; vz;fisAk; vOj;Jf;fisAk; gpuNahfpjj
; du;. ,tu;fsJ vOj;Jf;fs;
Mg;ngOj;Jf;fs; vdg;gl;ld. ehzw;Gy;iy vOJ fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.
,tu;fsJ `Kugpapd; rl;lj;njhFg;G gpugykhdJ. #upad;> kio> kuzpjN
; jhu;
vdg; gyiuAk; tzq;Fk; gy;nja;t topghL cilatu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;.
vfpg; j pa ehfupk;
! ,J fp.K.3100 Kjy; 1070 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jid iey;ejp ehfupfk;
vdTk; Fwpg;gpLtu;. ,q;F rhjpg;ghFghL fhzg;gltpy;iy. kf;fs;> NfhJik>
ghu;sp> fha;fwp> goq;fs;> jhdpaq;fs; Kjypatw;iwg; gapupl;ldu;. tzpf
Vw;wpwf;FkjpfspYk; <Lgl;ldu;. cNyhfj; njhopy;> fg;gy; fl;Ljy;> fz;zhb
nra;jy;> gUj;jp cw;gj;jp> nerT> kl;ghz;lk; nra;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fspy;
<Lgl;ldu;;.
! #upa> tpyq;F topghl;by; <Lgl;ldu;. m]]py>; Xuq; nja;tq;fis topgl;ldu;.
Mtp gw;wpa ek;gpf;if fhzg;gl;lJ. ,we;Njhu; kPStu; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy;
gpuKfu;fs; kk;kpfspy; itf;fg;gl;ldu;. vz;zwpT fhzg;gl;lJ. Nfj;jpu
www.nie.lk -3-
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fzpjj;jpy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdu;. ehl;fhl;bfisAk; jahupj;jdu;. rpj;jpu

vOj;Jf;fisAk; 24 FwpaPLfisAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. vOJNfhy;fSk;>
fhfpjKk; fhzg;gl;ld. fl;ll rpw;gf; fiyfspy; Nju;e;jpUe;jdu;. fy;yiw
Xtpaq;fisAk; nrJf;fpdu;. ghNuh (gpu;mt;d;) fspd; Ml;rp ,lk; ngw;wJ.
muridj; nja;t topj;Njhd;wnyd ek;gpdu;> murNd rl;lkpaw;WgtuhfTk;
ePjpgjpahfTk; ,Ue;jhd;.
rpe; J ntsp ehfupfk;
! ,J fp.K. 2700-1750 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ. tlNky; ,e;jpahtpy; mike;jJ.
,q;F tho;e;Njhu; jpuhtplu; vdTk; ehfupfk;> jpuhtpl ehfupfnkdTk;
nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. tptrhak;> tzpfk;> Vw;wpwf;Fkjp Kjypa njhopy;fs;
,lk;ngw;wd. ehzaj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf vil fw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. gUj;jp
cw;gj;jpAk; fhzg;gl;lJ. fspkz;> nrk;G> nts;sp cgfuzq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld.
Mil mzpfyd;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. fdkhd RtUk; cau;ej ; $iufSk;
nfhz;l tPLfs; fhzg;gl;ld.
! thdtpaypy; Nju;rr
; p ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ehl;fhl;bfSk; jahupf;fg;gl;ld. mtu;fs;
,aw;ifia tzq;fpdu;. ngz;nja;t topghL fhzg;gl;lJ. gypaplYk;
gypgPlq;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. rtq;fs; mlf;fg;gl;ld. eiffSld; mlf;Fk;
tof;fk; ,Ue;jJ.
fpNuf; f ehfupfk;
! ,J fp.K. 3000 Kjy; 2000 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ; vnjd;];> ];ghl;lh> nlhupd;
jPg;]; Kjypa efuq;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. ,q;F tho;e;Njhu; fpNuf;fu;
vdg;gl;ldu;. ,J mwptpaiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. ,J xypk;gpf;
tpisahl;bd; jhafkhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. rpw;gpaUk;> XtpaUk; fhzg;gl;ldu;.
ehlf> ,yf;fpa muq;FfSk; E}yfq;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. fiy ,yf;fpa
gq;fspg;Gfs; mjpfkhf ,lk;ngw;wd. Nrhf;fpuB];> mup];Nlhly;> gpNsl;Nlh
Kjyhd jj;Jt Qhdpfs; fhzg;gl;ldu;. kdpj cupikfis cs;slf;fpa
rl;lj;njhFg;G E}nyhd;Wk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,ypal;> xbrp fhtpaq;fSk;
ghlg;gl;ld.
! [Pa]; vd;w flTs; tpoh ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,jd; epidthfNt xypk;gpf;
Nghl;bfSk; ,lk;ngw;wd. gynja;t topghLk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. kf;fshl;rp
mwpKfkhdJ.
cNuhk ehfupfk;
! fpNuf;f ehfupf tPor
; r
; pf;Fg; gpd; cNuhk ehfupfk; vOr;rp ngw;wJ. ,j;jhypia
ikakhff; nfhz;L ,J vOr;rp ngw;wJ. [_yparPru;> mf];l]{rPru; MfpNahupd;
fhyq;fspy; ,J nropg;Gw;wpUe;jJ. KjyhtJ kd;ddpd; ngauhy; [{iy
khjKk; ,uz;lhtJ kd;ddpd; ngaupy; Mf];l; khjKk; miof;fg;gLfpdw ; d.
VO Fd;Wfisf; nfhz;l Nuhk; jiyefuhf ,Ue;jJ. r%fj;jpy; Vw;wj;jho;T
fhzg; g l; l J. cau; Fyj; N jhu; Mlk; g ukhf tho; e ; j du; . mbikfs;
nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;.
! tptrhak;> tzpfk;> fhy;eil tsu;g;G Kjypa njhopy;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd.
fg;gy; fl;Lk; njhopy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. fl;llf;fiy rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ.
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Ftpkhlq;fs; fl;lg;gl;ld. rpw;g Xtpa JiwfspYk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdu;.

,yf;fpathjpfSk; ftpQu;fSk;> jj;JtQhdpfSk; fhzg;gl;ldu;. ehlf
Mrpupau;fSk;> tuyhw;whrpupau;fSk; fhzg;gl;ldu;. mwptpay; tsu;r;rp
Vw;gl;lJ.
,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisf; flTshff; nfhz;ldu;. [{gplu;> khu;;f;]; Kjypa
nja;tq;fisAk; topgl;ldu;.
! fp.K 500 ,y; kd;duhl;rp ePff; g;gl;L kf;fshl;rp Muk;gkhdJ. kd;du;fSf;Fg;
gjpyhf rhd;ryu; vdg;gl;Nlhu; gzpahw;wpdhu;fs;. Nkw;F cNuhk NguuR
tPoe
; j
; NghJ nfhd;]j ; he;J Nehgpis jiyefuhff; nfhz;l fpof;F cNuhkg;
NguuR Njhd;wpaJ. ,jid igrhe;jpa NguuR vd;gu;. cNuhk ehfupfj;jpy;
,tu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; cz;L. fiy ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs; tsu;r;rpAw;wd.
nrd;. Nghy;> Nrhgpah Myaq;fs; gpurpj;jkhdit. [];Bdpad; njhFg;G
,tu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. rpwg ; k;> Xtpak;> je;j ehw;fhyp> E}yl;ilfspy;
Xtpa myq;fhuk; kUj;Jtk;> ,urhadk;> gl;Lj; njhopy; vd;gd rpwe;J
tpsq;fpd.
! NkNy Fwpgg ; plL
; s;s ehfupfq;fNshL ,];yhkpa efhupfj;ij xg;gplL ; Nehf;Fk;
NghJ ehfupq;fs; re;ju;g;g #o;epiyfshy; Njhd;wpaitfshfTk; kdpj
Kaw; r papd; eP z ; l fhy ciog; g py; cUthfp tsu; e ; j itfshfTk;
fhzg;gLfpdw ; d. Mdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; nja;tf
P ntspgg ; hl;Lf;$lhfTk;
(t`p) topfhl;lYf;$lhfTk; Njhd;wp tsu;eJ ; s;sij mtjhdpff ; yhk;. Vida
ehfupfq;fs; ejpg;gLf;iffis ikakhff; nfhz;L cUthf ,];yhkpa
ehfupfk; giytdj;jpy; cUthfp FWfpa fhyj;jpy; tsu;ej ; pUf;fpdw; J. Vida
ehfupfq;fs; cNyhfhaj Nehf;fq;fis kl;Lk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Njhd;wp
tsu;e;jjhf mika> ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ,k;ik> kWik ,uz;ilAk;
,yf;fhff; nfhz;L Njhd;wp tsu;tij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. Vida ehfupfq;fs;
fhy nts; s j; j hy; ms; S z; L nry; y ,]; y hkpa ehfupfk; ,d; D k;
eilKiwapy; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,jw;F ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd;
mbg;gilfSk;> newpKiwfSk;> Nfhl;ghLfSk; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd.
! vy;yh ehfupfq;fSk; cyfpy;jhd; Njhd;wpapUf;fpd;wd. mit kdpj
Njitf;fhfTk;> kdpj tho;it nrk;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTNk
Njhd;wpapUf;fpd;wd. Mjyhy; cyfk; gw;wpAk; kdpjd; gw;wpAk;> tho;T
gw;wpAk; njspthd rpej; idAk;> Nghf;Fk; Njitg;gLfpdw ; d. vdNt> ,];yhkpa
ehfupfk; gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd;> tho;T gw;wpj; njspthd tpsf;fj;ijj; jUfpdw
; J.
! gpugQ;rk; vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfk; mz;lruhruk; midj;ijAk; Fwpj;J epw;Fk;.
kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpuTs;s Vida
gilg;Gf;fs; midj;ijAk; ,r;nrhw;gpuNahfk; cs;slf;Fk;.
! gpugQ;rj;ijg; gilj;j my;yh`;> mjd; Xu; mq;fkhd g+kpapy; kdpjid
mtdJ gpupjpepjpahfg; gilj; j hd; ; . me; j g; g pujpepjp jdJ gzpia
epiwNtw;wf;$ba midj;J tsq;fisAk; (ngsjpf tsk;> Md;kPf tsk;>
mwpT tsk;) mtDf;F toq;fpAs;shd;. mjd; %yk; kdpjd;tho Ntz;ba
KiwapidAk; fw;gpj;jhd;. mtw;Ws; gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd;> tho;T gw;wpa
,];yhj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfs; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wd.
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! gpugQ;rk; jhdhf cUthdJ vd;Nwh xd;wpypUe;J kw;nwhd;W cUthdJ

vd;Nwh ,];yhk; $wtpy;iy. my;yh`; jd;id my;ghupc
(,y;yhikapypUe;J cUthf;Fgtd;) my; fhypf; (gilg;gtd;) vd;W
mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. vdNt> gpugQ;rj;ij my;yh`;Nt ,y;yhikapypUe;J
cUthf;fpdhd;. ~MFf| vd;w mtdJ fl;lis> xd;iw cUthf;fptpLk; ~~
mtd; vijg; gilf; f KbT nra; j hYk; mjid ~MFf| vd; W
$wpakhj; j puj; j py; mJ clNd MfptpLk; (2:117) vd; W my; F u; M d;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
! my; y h`; gpugQ; r j; i j tP z hfg; g ilf; f tpy; i y. gyNehf; f q; f NshL
gilj; J s; s hd; . ~~thdq; f isAk; > g+kpiaAk; ,itfSf; F kj; j papy;
cs; s itfisAk; tP Z f; f hfg; gilf; f tpy; i y. ,J (tP n zd; g J)
epuhfupg;gtu;fspd; vz;zNkahFk;. (38:27)
! ,it> gpugQ;rj;jpd; gilg;ghsd; my;yh`;Nt vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpdw ; d.
NkYk; my;yh`;tpd; tpUg;gj;jpwN
; fw;gNt gpugQ;rk; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
! jd;Dila tl;ltiuf;Fs; (jtwhky;) nry;Yk; #upaDk; (Xu; mj;jhl;rpahFk;.
,J midtiuAk; ed; f wpe; j tDk; kpifj; j tDkhf my; y h`; t hy;
mikf;fg;gl;lJ. (36:38)
! gpugQ; r j; j pd; Njhw; w Kk; ,af; f Kk; jw; n ray; epfo; t y; y . khwhf
my;yh`;tpdhy; jpll ; kplg;gl;l rPupa xOq;fikg;igf; nfhz;lit. (kdpju;fNs)
ePq;fs; gykhd gilg;gh my;yJ thdkh? mtd;jhd; mt;thdj;ijg;
gilj;jhd;. mtNd mjd; Kfl;il cau;j;jp mjid xOq;FgLj;jpdhd;.
mtNd mjd; ,uit ,Ushf;fp #upaidf; nfhz;L gfiy ntspahf;fp
(ntspr;rkhf;fp)dhd;. (79: 27-30)
! gpugQ;rg; nghUs;fs; ahTk; kdpjDf;fhfNt gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cyfg;
nghUs;fs; ahTk; mtDf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. Vnddpy;
mtd; cyfpy; my;yh`;tpd; gpujpepjp me;jg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gzpia
epiwNtw;wf;$ba vy;yh Mw;wy;fSk; mtDf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
! mtd;jhd; g+kpia ePq;fs; trpf;FkplkhfTk;> thdj;ij xU KflhfTk;
mikj;J Nkfj;jpypUe;J kioiag; nghoptpj;J mjidf; nfhz;L (ePq;fs;)
Grpf;ff;$ba fdptu;f;fq;fisAk; cq;fSf;F ntspahf;Ffpwhd;... (2:22)
mtd;jhd; (g+kpiaAk;) g+kpapYs;s midj;ijAk; cq;fSf;fhfg; gilj;jhd;
(2:29)
! Vida ehfupfq;fs; epidg;gJ Nghd;W kdpjd; gupzhktsu;r;rp %yk;
Njhd;wpatdy;yd;. mkPgh Kjy; kdpjf;Fuq;Ffs; tiuapyhd gupzhkj;jpd;
mLj;j fl;lkhf kdpjd; mkutpyi ; y. mtd; my;yh`;tpdhy; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;.
epr;rakhf (Kjy;) kdpjiu> fspkz;zpd; %yr;rj;jpypUe;J gilj;Njhk;.
(23:12) (Mjikg;gilj;J) MjKf;F vy;yhg; (nghUs;fspd;) ngau;fisAk;
(mtw; w pd; jd; i kfisAk; ) fw; W f; nfhLj; j hd; (2:31) mtidf;
fz;zpag;gLj;jpdhd; (17:70) gpdd
; u; MjKf;Fj; Jizahf mtu; kidtpiag;
gilj;jhd; (2:35) (kdpju;fNs) cq;fs; midtiuAk; xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J
cw;gj;jp nra;J gpd;du; (cq;fs; je;ijaplk;) jupj;jpUf;fr; nra;J (cq;fs;
www.nie.lk -6-
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jhapd; fu;g;gj;jpy;) xg;gilj;jtDk; mtNd .. (6:98) vd;nwy;yhk; my;yh`;

kdpjid cUthf;fp> kdpj ,dj;ij tpUj;jpailar; nra;j Kiwapid
my;Fu;Md; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. kl;Lkd;wp mtidg; nghWg;GilatdhfTk;
Mf;fpAs;shd;. ~epr;rakhf ek;Kila nghWg;ig Rke;J nfhs;tPu;fsh|
vd;W ehk; thdq;fs;> g+kp> kiyfs; Mfpaitfsplj;jpy; tpdtpNdhk;.
mjw;F mit gae;J mjidr; Rke;J nfhs;shJ tpyfptpl;ld. mj;jifa
nghWg;igj;jhd; kdpjd; Rke;J nfhz;lhd;. (MfNt) epr;rakhf mtd;
mwpahikahy; jdf;Fj;jhNd jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. (33:72)
! ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Nka;g;ghsu;fs;. xt;nthUtUk; mtutu; Nka;g;G
(nghWg;G)g; gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLtu; (K];ypk;) vd;w egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
`jP]; kdpjdpd; nghWg;Gzu;it vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,khuj;
! kdpjDf;F fpyhgj;> ,ghjj;> ,khuj; vd;w %d;W gzpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Mjhukhf %d;W my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpNwhk;.
(kdpju;fNs) cq;fspy; vtNuDk; nka;ahfNt tpRthrq;nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fs;
nra;jhy; mtu;fSf;F Kd;du; nrd;wtu;fisg; g+kpf;F mjpgjpfshf;fpa
gpufhuNk ,tu;fisAk; epr;rakhfg; g+kpf;F mjpgjpfshf;fp itg;gjhfTk;
mtd; tpUk; g pa khu; f ; f j; j py; ,tu; f is ]; j pug; g Lj; j p itg; g jhfTk;
,tu;fSila gaj;ij mikjpAk;> ghJfhg;Gkhf khw;wptpLtjhfTk;
epr;rakhf my;yh`; thf;fspj;jpUf;fpwhd;. (24:55)
! kdpj tu;f;fj;ijAk;> [pd;tu;f;fj;ijAk; vd;id tzq;Ftjw;fhfNtad;wp
gilf;ftpy;iy. (57:56)
vd;Dila kf;fNs> ePqf
; s; my;yh`;it tzq;Fq;fs;. mtidj;jtpu NtW
flTs; ,y;iy. mtd; cq;fisg; g+kpapypUe;J gilj;jhd;. me;jg; g+kpia
epUtfpf;Fk;gb cq;fisg; gzpj;jhd; (11:61)
! ,t;thwhd nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;Wk; fskhfNt kdpj tho;T mikfpdw ; J.
~,t;Tyfk; kWikf;Fupa tpisepyk;| vd;gJ egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; `jP]hFk;.
,jd;gb> kdpj tho;T - gpwg;Gf;Fk; ,wg;Gf;Fkpilg;gl;l tho;T - my;yh`;tpd;
nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;wjhf mika Ntz;Lk;. Vw;fdNt Fwpgg ; pll
; thW my;yh`;
kdpjDf;F mtDila gpujpepjpahf tho;tjw;fhd vy;yh tsq;fisAk;
mUspAs;shd;. GydwpT> gFj;jwpT vd;gtw;Wf;fg;ghy; t`p %ykhd
mwpitAk; ,iwJ}ju;fs; %yk; toq;fpAs;shd;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; tho;it
tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kWikf;fhf ,k;ikiag; gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vdNtjhd; kWikapy; tprhupf;fg;gLk; ehd;F tplaq;fSk;
- thzhs;> thypgk;> fy;tp> nry;tk; vd;git tho;NthL Neubahfg; gq;F
nfhs;gtdhf mike;Js;sd. Mjyhy; jdpg;gl;l> FLk;g> r%f> Njrpa
tho;tpy; xt;nthUtupdJk; gq;fspg;G ey;yjhf> gaDs;sjhf> kw;wtu;fs;
jpUg; j pailtjhf kWikapy; ew; N gwspg; g jhf mika Ntz; L nkd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
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~~cq;fspy; kpfj;J}a;ikahfr; nray;gLgtu;fs; ahu; vd;W Nrhjpg;gjw;fhfNt

mtd; kuzj;ijAk; tho;itAk; gilj;jpUf;fpdw ; hd;|| (67:02) vd;W my;Fu;Md;
,jidj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.
! NkYk;> kdpjd; cyfpy; thog; gilj;jpUf;fpwhNd jtpu> tho;itj;
Jwg;gjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gltpyi
; y. vdNtjhd;> my;yh`; jd; mbahu;fSf;Fj;
Njhw;WtpjJ; s;s myq;fhuj;ijAk;> mtd; toq;fpAs;s J}a;ikahd czTg;
nghUs; f isAk; jil nra; j J ahu; ? eP u ; $Wk; : tpRthrpfSf; F
,itaidj;Jk; ,t;Tyf tho;fi ; fapy; cupadthFk;. kWik ehspy; ,it
mtu;fSf;F khj;jpuNk cupait. ,t;thW ehk; ek;Kila trdq;fis
mwpTila r%fj;jhUf;F njspthf tpgupf;fpd;Nwhk;. (7:32)
cyf tho;it kWikf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F
gpd;tUk; my;Fu;Md; trdk; rpwe;j Mjhukhf cs;sJ.
(cd;dplkpUf;Fk; nghUs;fis vy;yhk; my;yh`;Nt cdf;Ff; nfhLj;jhd;.
MfNt> my;yh`; cdf;fspj;jpUg;gjpy; (jhdk; nra;J) kWik tPl;ilj;
Njbf;nfhs;. ,k;ikapy; eP Njbf; nfhz;lJ jhd; cd;Dila ghfk; (vd;gij)
kwe;JtplhNj. my;yh`; cdf;Ff; nfhLj;J> cjtp nra;jthW mjid
(f;nfhz;L gpwUf;F) ePAk; (jhdk; nra;J) cjtp nra;. g+kpapy; eP tp\kk;
nra;a tpUk;ghNj. Vndd;why; tp\kpfis my;yh`; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. (28:
77)
Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;F
- `pe;J kjk;> ngsj;jk;> ,];yhk; Xu; xg;gPl;lha;T - C.M.A. mkPd; - Nu\;kh
gjpg;gfk; - jp`hup
- ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; - kWkyu;r;rpapy; K];ypk;fspd; tfpghfk; - m`;kl;
v];]h - c];khd; myp - Fuzin Texts - Dharga Town. (2013)
- ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; - fyhepjp K];jgh ]pgh< (jkpo; nkhopngau;g;G 1997-
,yf;fpar; Nrhiy - nrd;id
- ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; (1996) - vk;.I.vk;. mkPd; - ,];yhkpf; Gf; `T]; -
nfhOk;G 09
- ,];yhkpa ehfupfKk; gpw ehfupfq;fSk; - vk;.v];.,];kpah Ngfk; -
,];yh`pa;ah ntspaPl;L ikak; 2013
- ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk; (1982) - vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu; -
m\;\ghg; ntspaPL - nfhOk;G 10
- ,];yhkpa fiyg; gz;G - K`k;kj; khu;kba+f; gpf;jhy; - rd;khu;f;f
njhz;lu; rig - $j;jhey;Y}u; 1988
- ehisa ehfupfk; - I,II - vk;.vk;.vk;. mf;uk; - ,];yhkpf; Gf;`T]; 2013
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Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 1.2 : ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy;
njs`Pj;> up]hyj;> kMj; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlNtis : 15
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; mbg; g ilfshd jt`P j ; > hp]hyj; > kMj;
vd;gtw;iw tpsf;Fthh;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; ngWkhdq;fis tsh;g;gjpYk; fhg;gjpYk;

,t;tbg;gilfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthh;.
! kdpj ehfhpj;ij newpg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,t;tk;rq;fspd; mtrpaj;ij

mwpe;J kw;wth;fSf;Fj; njspthf tpsf;fkspg;ghh;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; jdpj;Jtg; gz;Gfis ,dq;fz;L tpsf;Fthh;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis Vida ehfhpfq;fspypUe;J

gphpj;jwpe;J kjpg;gpLthu;.
! gpw ehfhpfq;fs; ,];yhkpa ehfhpj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fis

,dq;fz;L tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
!!ehfhpfq;fspd; vOr;rpf;Fk; tPo;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzq;fis ,dq;fz;L

$Wthu;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy; jt;`Pj; kpfg;gpujhdkhd
mk;rkhFk;. mJ t`p%yk; mUsg;gl;l my;Fu;MidAk; ]{d;dhitAk;
topfhl;bahff; nfhz;lJ. ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; nray;
KiwiaAk; my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTNk topelj;Jfpd;wd.
! ,];yhk; jt;`Pij ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. ,jd; fUj;J> midj;Jg;
gilg;Gf;fsJk; %yfu;j;jh my;yh`; xUtd; kl;LNk vd;gij KOikahf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhFk;. my;yh`;it %yfu;jj ; hthf kl;Lkd;wp jdpjj
; tdhfTk;
,ul; r fdhfTk; tzf; f j; J f; F k; topghl; L f; F k; cupatdhfTk; rl; l
fu;j;jhthfTk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tij njs`Pj; vd;w gjk; Rl;b epw;fpd;wJ.
my;yh`;tpd; ,uf;fj; jd;ikia njs`Pj; Ug+gpa;aj; %ykhfTk; tzq;fp
topglf;$ba jifikia njs`Pj; cY}`pa;aj; %ykhfTk; tpsf;Ftu;.
njs`Pj>; m];kh t];]pghj; %yk; my;yh`;tpd; ngau;fisAk; gz;GfisAk;
ctikg;gLj;jhkYk; kWf;fhkYk; nraypof;fr; nra;ahkYk; cjhuzk;
$whkYk; type;J nghUs; nfhLf;fhkYk; cs;sij cs;sthW Vw;W
my;yh`;it Xu;ikg;gLj;Jtu;.
! midj;ijAk; gupzhk tsu;r;rpf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;Ffpd;w etPd
Ma;Tyfk; ,iwtd; gw;wpa nfhs;ifiaAk; kdpjdpd; gupzhkkile;j
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xUtsu;r;rpahf Kd;itf;f Kay;fpd;wJ. ,J jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lkhFk;.

,iwtd; gw;wpa nfhs;ifapy; Kjy; epiy njs`Pj; MFk;. fhy Xl;lj;jpy;
kf;fs; mf;nfhs;ifapypUe;J tpLgl;L elf;Fk; NghJ my;yh`; (,ilf;fpil)
,iwj;J}ju;fis mDg;gp Gj;Japu; Cl;bapUg;gij my;Fu;Md; (2: 213> 20:
123-124) egpkhu;fspd; tuyhW %yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kdpjDila
Kjw;ghij ~~xd;Nw nja;tk;|| (njs`Pj;) vDk; Neu;g;ghijNa. gpd;dNu
mtd; topjtwptpl;lhd;. vdNt ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Muha;rr; pfs; vy;yhk;>
kpfg; goq;fhy kf;fs; Kjd;Kjypy; xNu nja;tk; vd;gij ek;gpajhfTk;
\pu;f; nra;atpy;iy vd;gijAk; mwptpf;fpd;wd.
! kdpj Fyj;jpd; Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpNyNa kdpjd; jd; fz;fisj; jpwe;J
jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s nghUs;fisAk; cyfj;ijAk; ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ
,ay;ghfNt xNu guk nghUs; cz;L vDk; nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if
itf;fpwhd;. Mdhy; gpwf; hyj;jpyj
; hd; gy tifahd fw;gidfs; kdpjDila
cs;sj;jpy; Njhd;wp mw;gg; nghUs;fis topglNtz;Lk; vd;Dk; vz;zk;
cz;lhfpaJ. kdpj tuyhw;wpd; gpw;Nghf;fhd epiyapy;> gy flTsu;fis
tzq;Fk; gof;fk; Vw;gl;ljhfj; njupfpwJ. Mjk; (miy) jkf;Fs;Ns xspAld;
gilf;fg;gl;lhu;. Mdhy; mtuJ re;jjpfs; mt;nthspia mizj;J ,Uis
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,f;nfhs;if vfpg;J> fpNuf;fk;> rhy;bah> ,e;jpah>
rPdh> <uhf; ehLfspd; goq;Fb kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; gof;f tof;fq;fspypUe;J
mwpag;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,aw;ifahy; topfhl;lg;gl;l ,aw;if tho;tpidNa
kdpjd; elj;Jfpd;whd; vd;w cz;ikia mit czu;j;Jfpd;wd vd;W
nksyhdh mGy;fyhk; Mrhj; (jpUkiwapd; Njhw;Wtha; gf;fk; 182)
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhu;.
,jid #uh a+D]pd; 19 tJ trdKk;> #uh 2:13MtJ trdKk;
Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
up]hyj; :
! nghJthf kdpjDf;Fg; GydwpTk;> gFj;jwpTk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy;
mt;tpuz;lhYk; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj tplaq;fs; gyTk; cs;sd. kdpjdpd;
Ra mwpT gilg;Gfspd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp vj;jifa mwpitAk; mtDf;F
toq;Ftjpy;iy. cjhuzkhf kdpjd; ahu;? vq;fpUe;J te;jhd;? vq;F
Ngha; Nrug;Nghfpwhd;? mtdJ gzp vd;d? gpugQ;rg; gilg;Gf;fspd; ,ufrpak;
vd;d? vd;gd Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F kdpjd; jd; Ra mwptpd; %yk; tpil
fhz KbahJ. ,jid my;Fu;Md; njspthfNt Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ~~,itgw;wp
mtu;fSf;F ahnjhU QhdKk; fpilahJ|| (Mjhukw;w) tPz; re;Njfj;ijj;
jtpu (NtW vijAk; ) mtu; f s; gpd; g w; W tjpy; i y. (tP z ; ) re; N jfk;
ahnjhd;iwAk; cWjpg;gLj;jhJ||(53:28)
! vdNt up]hyj;jpd; %ykhfNt kdpjdpd; cs;sj;jpy; vOk; mbg;gilahd
tpdhf;fSf;F tpil gfu KbAk;;. up]hyj;jpd; %ykhf tho;tpd; ,yf;F
ed;ik jPik gw;wpa mwpT> kdpjdpd; Md;kPfj; Njit> kWik tho;T
gw;wpa tpsf;fk; Kjypatw;iw tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
epr; r akhf cq; f splk; vd; D ila Neu; t op tUk; . vtd; vd; D ila
Neu;topiag; gpd;gw;Wfpd;whNdh mtd; topjtwTk;khl;lhd; el;lkilaTk;
khl; l hd; . vtd; vd; D ila ey; Y gNjrq; f isg; Gwf; f zpf; f pd; w hNdh
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mtDila tho;f;if epr;rakhf neUf;fbahdjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. kWik

ehspNy ehk; mtidf; FUldhfNt vOg;GNthk; ( 20 : 123-124)
(Muk;gj;jpy); kdpju;fs; (midtUk;) xNu ,dj;jtuhfNt ,Ue;jdu;. ew;nra;jp
$Wk;gbAk;> mr;r%l;b vr;rupf;if nra;Ak;gbAk; my;yh`; egpkhu;fis
mDg;gp itj;jhd;. NkYk; mk;kdpju;fSf;Fs; Vw;gLk; fUj;JNtWghLfisj;
jPu;j;J itg;gjw;fhf (rj;jpa) Ntjj;ijAk; mUspdhd;.... (2: 213)
my;yh`; kf;fis Neu;topapy; elj;Jtjw;fhf ,iwJ}ju;fis mDg;gp
itj;jhd;. ,t;tpiwj;J}ju;fspd; tupirapy; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs; ,Wjpj;
J}juhff; fhzg; g Lfpwhu; . mtu; f s; %yk; up]hyj; J k; EGt; t j; J k;
g+uzg; g Lj; j g; g l; L tpl; l d. mtu; f Nsh my; y h`; T ila J}juhfTk; >
egpkhu;fSf;F Kj;jpiuahfTk; ,WjpegpahfTk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. (33:40)
! kdpj rKjhak; Gtpapay; uPjpahfg; gpupe;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; ntt;NtW
gpuNjrq;fSf;F ntt;NtW egpkhu;fs; mDg;gg;gl;bUe;jij my;Fu;Md;
Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mdhy; murpay; uPjpahfTk; Gtpapay; uPjpahfTk;
gpsTgl; b Ue; j kdpj rKjhak; NguuRfspd; Njhw; w j; j hYk; tu; j ; j f
Kaw;rpfshYk; xd;Wglf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfupj;jd. ,jdhy; kdpj
rKjhak; KOtjw;Fkhd up]hyj; nfhLg;gjw;fhd #o;epiy cUthfpaJ.
vdNt fp.gp. Vohk; E}w;whz;by; midtUf;Fkhd xNu up]hyj; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
egp (]y; ) mtu; f s; ,Wjp Ntjkhd my; F u; M idg; Nghjpj; j hu; f s;
mtu;fSf;Fg; gpd; NtW egp Njhd;wNtz;ba mtrpak; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
Vndpdpy; mtu; f spd; up]hyj; KOikahdjhf ,Ue; j J. Kd; i da
up]hyj;fSf;F Vw;gl;l nkhopawpahik> njhlu;gpd;ik> ,ilr;nrWfy;>
jpupGgLj;jy; Nghd;w ghjpg;Gfs; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; up]hyj;jpw;F
Vw;gltpy;iy. my;Fu;Md; kf;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; kddkhfg; gjpe;jpUe;jJ.
VLfspy; vOjpg; g hJfhf; f g; g l; b Ue; j J kl; L kd; w p mjd; Nghjidfs;
vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; vy;yh ,lq;fSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhf mike;jpUe;jd. Nkyjpf
Nghjidfs; Njitg;gltpy;iy. eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfSf;fhfj; jPuT ; fis
,[;jp`hj; %yk; ngwg;gLtjw;fhd topfhl;ly; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
kMj; :
! my;yh`; kdpjidg; gilf;FKd; g+kpapy; vdJ gpupjpepjpiag; gilf;fg;
NghfpNwd; (2: 30) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJk; m`;J kP]hf;fpy; kdpj capu;fsplk;
cWjpnkhop thq;fpaikAk; (7:172) my;yh`; vijAk; tPzhfg; gilf;ftpyi ; y
(45:22) vd;gJTk; tpidf;Fupa $yp gpd;du; toq;fg;gLk; vd;w thf;FWjpAk;
(45:22) tho;T xU Nrhjid (67:2) vd;gJTk; kdpj tho;T gw;wpa xU
tprhuiz cz;L vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,it kl;Lkd;wp kdpjd;
nghWg;Gld; nraw;glTk;> my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisg;gb nray;gLtij epiy
epWj;jTk;> kdpju;fsJk;> my;yh`;tpd; Vida gilg;Gf;fsJk; cupikfisg;
Ngzp tuTk; kWik tprhuizapd; Njit mtrpag;gLfpd;wJ. kuzj;NjhL
tho;T Kw;Wg; ngWtjpy;iy vd;gijAk; mJ nrhy;ypitf;fpwJ. vdNt>
gbKiwahd xU epiyapy; - kuzk;> MyKy; gu;]f;> kPs vOg;Gjy;>
tprhuiz> Rtu;f;f euf tho;T vd;wthW mJ Vw;glg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;w
ek;gpf;if ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fsq;fg;gLj;jhky; fhf;fpd;w Xu;
mk;rkhfTk; cs;sJ.
www.nie.lk -11-
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Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 1.3 : Vida ehfupfq;fNshL xg;G Nehf;fp ,];yhkpa
ehfupfj; j pd; rpwg; g k; r q; f is vLj; J f; fhl; L thu;
ghlNtisfs; : 20
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfk; nja;tPfj; jd;ikAk; (ug;ghdpa;ah) G+uzj;JKk;
(\{%ypa;ah) nfhz;lJ vd;gij mwpe;J tpgupg;ghu;.
!"",];yhkpa ehfhpfk; eLepiyj;jd;ik> rh;tNjrj; jd;ik Nghd;w

rpwg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;lJ vd;gij tpsf;Fthh;.
! kdpj eyd; fhj;jYk; Nkk;gLj;jYk; ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; cah;e;j

gz;Gfs; vd;gij czh;e;J nraw;gLthu;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; vd;gJ Vida ehfupfq;fs; midj;jpypUe;Jk; NtWgl;lJ.
Vida ehfupfq; f isg; nghWj; j tiu mit> fhyk; > ,lk; > ,dk;
Nghd;wtw;why; RUf;fg;gl;lit. kdpj rpej
; idapd; ntspgg
; hlhf mike;jit.
fhy> #o;epiyf;Nfw;g khwpait my;yJ nghUj;jkw;wnjdf; fz;l NghJ
kiwe;J Nghdit. rhjdq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;git.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ru;tNjrkakhdJ> tpupthdJ> t`papd; topelj;jyhy;
cUthf; f g; g l; L gf; F tg; g Lj; j g; g l; L tsu; t J> kw; n whU tifapy;
nrhy;tjhdhy;> kdpjid ikag;gLj;jp> mtdJ tho;it newpg;gLj;j
topfhl;LtJ. ,k;ik eyid kl;Lkd;wp kWik eyidAk; ,yf;fhff;
nfhz;lJ. fhy #o;epiyf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. cyf kf;fs; ahtUf;Fk;
mUshff; fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. ew;gz;GfisAk;> kdpj eyd;fisAk; ghJfhg;gJ.
Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Nghd;w cau; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ.
mjd; fiy> ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs; $l mwnewpapy; mike;jit. kdpjid
kdpjd; mbikahf;Fk; epiyapypUe;J> kdpjid mtidg; gilj;Jg;
gupghypf;Fk; ,iwtdpd; mbahdhf tho toptFg;gJ.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %y Cw;whf my;Fu;Md;> my;yh`;it ug;Gy;
MykPd; vdTk; egp (]y;) mtu;fis u`;kjd; ypy; MykPd; vdTk;
mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
! cyFf;F kl;Lky;y> gpugQ;rj;jpYs;s Vida midj;Jf;Fk; my;yh`;
ug;ghf cs;shd;. mNj Nghd;W egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; KOg; gpugQ;rj;Jf;Fk;
mUshf cs;shu;fs;. kdpj r%fj;Jf;F topfhl;bahf epd;W mtu;fs;
fhl;bf; nfhLj;j tho;T Kiw Xu; mUshf ,Ug;gNjhL> gpugQ;rg;
gilg;Gf;fSf;Fk; mJ mUshf cs;sJ. cjhuzkhf> kdpjd; kPJ
tpjpahf; f g; g l; L s; s `{$Fy; ,ghj; vd; g J vy; y hg; gilg; G f; f sJ
cupikfisAk; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ.~j[;yh ejpf;
fiuapy; Xu; Ml;Lf; Fl;b rWf;fp tpOe;jhYk; mjw;F ehd; gjpy; $w
www.nie.lk -12-
info@nie.lk
Ntz;Lnkd;w fyPgh cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; $w;iwAk;> iey; ejp tw;wpa

NghJ> kdpjg; gyp %yNk mjidg; ngUf;nfLf;fr; nra;a KbAnkd
vfpg;jpa kf;fs; ftu;du; mk;u; ,g;Dy; M]; (uop) mtu;fsplk; nrhd;d
NghJ> fyP g h iey; ejpf; F f; f bjk; vOjpg; ngUf; n fLf; f r; nra; j
nraw;ghl;ilAk; ,jw;F Mjhukhff; $wyhk;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; toq;fpAs;s flikfSk; cupikfSk; vy;NyhUf;Fk;
nghJthdit. #jhLtJk;> kJ mUe;JtJk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy;
thOfpd;wtu;fSf;F kl;Lk; jil nra;ag;gltpy;iy. mit vy;yh ehfupf
r%fq;fSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdit. rkaj;Jf;F ntspNa r%f Nehf;fpy;
mtjhdpg;gtu;fs; ,jid Vw;Wf;nfhs;shkypy;iy. ,t;thNw \uPmj;jpy;
mike;Js;s nefpOk;> nefpohg; gz;GfisAk; Nehf;fyhk;. kdpj tho;T
,lj;jhNyh> fhyj;jhNyh khw;wkila Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jj;jpw;F cl;gLk;
#o;epiyapy; nefpo;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Kiwfisf; ifahs;tjd;
%yk; NtWghl;ilj; jtpu;f;fyhk;. \uPmj;jpy; ,[;jp`hjpd; gzpahf ,J
eilKiwg; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. jiyikj; J tj; i j Vw; g Lj; j y; > mjw; F f;
fl;Lg;gLjy;> MNyhrid $Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd;
ru;tNjr epiyia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fr; rhd;whff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. vg;NghJ
mbg;gil topfhl;ly;fs; my;yJ nefpoh mk;rq;fs; nefpo
itf;fg;gLfpd;wdNth mg;NghJ ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; jsu;Tw;wij kWf;f
KbahJ. ,e;jpahtpy; ,lk; ngw;w K];ypk; Ml;rpia ,jw;F cjhuzkhf
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
! jt;`j P >; gpsTgl;l ,iwikj;Jtj;jpypUe;J kdpj r%fj;ijg; ghJfhf;fpdw
; J.
up]hyj; > gpsTz; l jiyikj; J tj; j pypUe; J ghJfhf; f pd; w J. kMj; >
vr;rupf;ifAldhd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l tho;f;if Kiwf;F topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; gw;wp tpku;rpf;fpd;w fPioj;Nja Ma;thsu;fs;> mJ
Kjypy; rkakhfTk; gpdd ; u; murhfTk; mLj;J ehfupfkhfTk; Fwpgg
; pLfpdw
; du;.
,J gpioahdnjhU tpsf;fkhFk;. kdpjd; Kjypy; Foe;ijahfTk; gpd;du;
thypgdhfTk; mLj;J KjpatdhfTk; tho;e;jhd; vd;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy;
me;jf; Foe;ij kdpjdhfNt gpwe;jJ. kdpjdhfNt tsu;ej ; J. kdpjdhfNt
Kjpu;r;rp ngw;wJ vd;gij vtUk; kWf;f khl;lhu;fs;. Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ
Nghd;W t`papd; topfhl;lypy; mJ Njhw;wk; ngw;wjhy; mtu;fs; nfhz;bUe;j
ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; mJ rkakhfj; njupe;jJ. `p[;uj;jpd; gpd;du;
murpay; vOr;rp ngw;wNghJ mJ mtu;fSf;F murpayhfj; njupfpd;wJ.
vdNt mtu;fs; mzpe;jpUe;j fz;zhbahy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij
Nehf;fpdhu;fs;. ,];yhk; rkakhfTk; ,Ue;jJ> murpayhfTk; ,Ue;jJ>
ehfupfkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ru;tNjrkakhdJ vd;gij cz;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
me;ehfupfj;jpd; jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f> Njrpa> ru;tNjr topfhl;ly;fs;
midj;Jk; Mjhukhf epw;fpd;wd. Vida ehfupfq;fis mtjhdpf;Fk;
NghJ mit Fwpg; g pl; l xU gFjpf; F mOj; j k; nfhLf; f g; g Ltij
mtjhdpf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf> ,e;J ehfupfj;jpy; Md;kPfKk;> cNuhk
ehfupfj;jpy; ,uhZtKk;> fpNuf;f ehfupfj;jpy; mwptpaYk; Kjd;ik
ngWfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; ,itaidj;Jk; ,ize;J
www.nie.lk -13-
info@nie.lk
nghJ tho;Tf;fhd topfhl;ly; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy; Md;kf P k; cz;L.

mwptpaYk; cz;L. fy;tpAk; cz;L. fyhrhuKk; cz;L. murpaYk; cz;L.
vdNt jhd; murpaiy ,oe;j NghJk;> ,uhZt gytPdg;gl;lNghJk;>
mwptpaypy; Njf;fkile;jNghJk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; epd;Wgpbj;jJ. `p[;up
40 ,y; fpyhgj; tPo;e;jhYk;> 655 ,y; mg;gh]pa Ml;rp xopf;fg;gl;lhYk; `p.
1343,y; c]; k hdpa Ml; r p tP o ; r ; r pAw; w hYk; ,]; y hkpa ehfupfk;
tPo;r;rpAwtpy;iy. mJ NehAwyhk;> jsu;Twyhk; Mdhy; kiwe;JtplhJ.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; kdpjdpd; Ra mwptpdhy; kl;Lk; cUthd ehfupfkd;W.
mJ t`papd; topfhl;lypy; cUthfp tsu;fpd;w xU ehfupfkhFk;. Mjyhy;>
,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy;> kdpjDf;Fk; ,iwtDf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;G
,Wf;fkhdJ.
! kdpjidg; gilj;jtd; vd;wtifapy; kl;Lkd;wp> g+kpapy; mtid my;yh`;tpd;
gpujpepjpahf mku;j;jg;gl;Ls;sikAk; mtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fkpilapyhd
njhlu;ig tYg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. my;yh`;it VfdhfTk;>
tzf;fj;jpwF ; upatdhfTk;> rl;lkpaw;WgtdhfTk;> topfhl;LgtdhfTk; Vw;fpdw ;
,];yhkpa ehfupfk; mtDld; vg;NghJk; njhlu;G nfhz;ljhfTk; ,Uf;fpdw ; J.
my;yh`;it ek;Gjy;> mtdJ topfhl;Ljiy Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> gpuhu;jj ; pjj; y;
Nghd;w gy;NtW topfspy; ,iwtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fkpilapyhd cwTk;>
njhlu;Gk; gykhdjhf cs;sd. ,jw;fhf gy;NtW ,ghjj;Jf;fisAk; ,];yhk;
tFj;jspj;Js;sJ. my;yh`; kdpjdpd; gplup euk;igtpl kpf neUf;fkhf
,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W my;Fu;Md; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;j neUf;fkhd gz;Ng
ug;ghdpah vd;gij ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
! ePqf
; s; my;Fu;Midf; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjd; %yKk; mjidf; fw;gjd; %yKk;
,ul;rfidr; rhu;;e;jpUq;fs; (3:79) vd;W my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,jd;
fUj;J> topfhl;lypYk;> mbg;gilapYk;> Nehf;fj;jpYk;> ,yl;rpaj;jpYk;
wg;ghfpa my;yh`;itr; rhu;e; j
; pUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. mtidNa wg;ghf
Vw;fpNwhk;.
! ahu; ,];yhk; my;yhjij gpd;gw;WfpwhNuh mJ kWikapy; Vw;fg;glkhl;lhJ.
eprr; akhf ,j;jifNahu; e\;lthspfshfNt ,Ug;gu;(3:85) vd;w my;Fu;Mdpd;
fUj; J > ug; g hdpahf ,Uf; f hjtd; > ,k; i kapy; ntspg; g hu; i tf; F
vg;gbj;njupe;jhYk; kWikapy; ntw;wpaila khl;lhd; vd;gjhFk;. vdNt
ug;ghdp vdg;gLk; K];ypk;> t`papd; mwpTWj;jYf;Nfw;g jdJ tho;itj;
jP u ; k hdpj; J f; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . . mt; t wpTWj; j y; Fu; M dhfNth>
]{d;dhthfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.
! me;j tifapyj ; hd;> my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; ,d;WtiuAk;> ,jw;F mg;ghYk;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ehNk ,t;Ntjj;ij ,wf;fpNdhk;. ehNk mjidg;
ghJfhg;Nghk; (15:09) vd;W my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. t`p ,wq;f
Muk;gpjj; jpypUe;J ]`hghf;fs; mjid kddkpll ; hu;fs;> vOjpAk; te;jhu;fs;.
mt;thNw ]{d;dhtpd; ntspg;ghlhhd `jP];fisAk; kddkpl;Lk; vOjpAk;
te;jhu;fs;. njhlu;eJ; te;j xt;nthU guk;giuAk; ,d;Wtiu my;Fu;MidAk;>
]{d; d hitAk; > ]`hghf; f spd; topKiwiaAk; fw; W k; > fw; g pj; J k; >
ghJfhj;Jk; te;Js;sik kWf;f Kbahj cz;ikahFk;. Mjyhy;> mjw;F
www.nie.lk -14-
info@nie.lk
Kd;du; ,wf;fg;gl;l NtjfUj;JfSf;F Vw;gl;lJ Nghd;w jpupGfs;> ,ilr;

nrUfy;fs; Nghd;wd Vw;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy; my;yh`;tpdJk;> u]{ypdJk;
topKiwia K];ypkpd; rpe;jid> nray; Mfpa ,uz;bYk; gpd;gw;wpdhyd;wp
ug;ghdpahf tho Kbahnjd;gJ mwpe;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
! ug;ghdpapd; rpe;jidAk; nraw;ghLk;> <khDk; mkYk; xd;wpj;jjhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;LNkad;wp gpupe;jpUf;f KbahJ. mtd; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l rpe;jid
,];yhkhfTk;> nraw;ghL Ntnwhd;whfTk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.
! kWjiyahf> rpe;jid Ntnwhd;whfTk;> nraw;ghL ,];yhkhfTk; ,Uf;f
KbahJ. xUtu; K];ypkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;L fk;a+dp];lhf ,aq;f KbahJ.
,e;j epiyg;ghLjhd;> ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhyj;jpy; epytp te;j> murpay;>
r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu Nehf;FfspypUe;Jk; Nghf;fpypUe;Jk;
NtWgl;l ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; tsu;r;rpAwf;fhuzkhf mike;jpUe;jJ.
! vdNtjhd; > eP q ; f s; Ntjj; j pd; xU gFjpia Vw; W > kWgFjpia
epuhfupff
; pdw
; uP f
; sh? cyfpy; ,opTk; kWikapy; Nehtpid jUk; jz;lidANk
,jw;fhd $yp (2:85) vd my;Fu;Md; vr;rupf;fpd;wJ. Mjyhy; ug;ghdp
vd;gtd;> vy;yh tplaq;fspYk; ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lKilatdhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;whd;. ,iwtDf;nfhd;W> kdpjDf;nfhd;W
vd;w ,ul;il epiyg;ghl;by; - Kf];Jjpaha; tho;tjw;F ,];yhkpa
ehfupfj; j py; ,lkpy; i y. midj; J r; nraw; g hLfSk; vz; z q; f is
(epa;aj;ij)f; nfhz;Nl jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd (Gfhup)
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ug;ghdpaj;ij typAWj;Jk; mNj Neuj;jpy; \{%ypa;a
vd;w KOikj;Jtj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd; fUj;J jdpegu; tho;T>
FLk; g tho; T > r%f tho; T > Njrpa tho; T Mfpa midj; j pYk;
KOikj; j d; i kia vjpu; g hu; f ; f pd; w J vd; g jhFk; . Xu; ,dj; J f; N fh>
nkhopapdUf;Nfh> gpuNjrj;jpdUf;Nfh> fhyj;jpdUf;Nfh md;wp midtuhYk;
gpd;gw;wj;jf;f ehfupfkhf cs;sJ.
! jdpkdpjidg; nghWj;jtiu> Foe;ijahf> gps;isahf> thypgdhf> FLk;g
cWg;gpduhf> FLk;gj;jiytdhf - MzhapDk;> ngz;zhapDk; jdJ
tho;f;ifg; ghj;jpuj;ij KOikahf nra;JKbf;f Ntz;ba KOikahd
topfhl;Ljiy ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tpRthrpfNs> ,];yhj;jpy;
ePq;fs; KOikaf Eioe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. (2:208) vd;Nw my;Fu;Md;
Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fpd;wJ.
! vdNt> kdpjdpd; Md;kPf Njitfs; Nghd;Nw cyfpay; NjitfisAk;
mDgtpf;ff;$ba (tiuaWf;fgl;l) Rje;jpuk; mq;Nf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mJ kdpj rKjhak; vd; w fz; N zhl; l j; j pNyNa mjd; KOr;
nraw;ghLfisAk; Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. Vty;fis Kd;itf;Fk; NghJk; rup>
tpyf;fy;fis jtpu;e;J nfhs;SkhW vr;rupf;Fk; NghJk;rup kdpju;fNs>
tpRthrpfNs vd;W jhd; tpspf;fpd;wJ.
! kdpju;fNs> cq;fs; midtiuAk; epr;rakhf ehk; xNu Mz; xNu
ngz;zpypUe;Jjhd; gilj;Njhk; (49:13) (kw;Wk;-4:170>7:158)
www.nie.lk -15-
info@nie.lk
tpRthrpfNs> mNdfkhd re;Njfq;fspypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; (49:12)

vd;w ,U trdq;fisAk; ,jw;F cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; g+uzj;JtKilaJ vd;gij> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
,Wjp `[;[pd; NghJ mUsg;gl;l my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs; njspthfNt
Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpdw
; d. ,d;iwa jpdk; ehk; cq;fSf;F khu;ff; j;ij KOikahf;fp
itj;J vd;Dila mUisAk; cq;fs; kPJ KOikahf;fp itj;Jtpl;Nld;.
(5:3) ,t;thNw egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; `jP]{k; me;jg; g+uzj;Jtj;ij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpdw; J. ~Kd;ida egpkhu;fSf;Fk; vdf;Fkpilapyhd cjhuzk;
xU fl;llj;jpd; xNu fy; g+uzg;gLj;jg;glhj epiyapy; ,Ue;jik Nghd;wjhFk;.
mf;fl;llj;ijg; g+uzg;gLj;j Ntz;ba fy;yhf ehd; cs;Nsd;. vy;yh
egpkhu;fsJk; njhluhf te;j ,Wjpj; J}juhf ehd; cs;Nsd; (Gfhup)
! kdpjd;> cly;> mwpT> Md;kh Mfpa %d;wpdhYkhdtd;. ,e;epiyapy;
clYf;F khj;jpuNkh my;yJ cs;sj;jpw;F khj;jpuNkh my;yJ Md;khTf;F
khj;jpuNkh Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J> Vida ,uz;ilANkh> xd;iwNah
Gwf;fzpg;Nghkhapd; mJ g+uzkhfhJ. %d;Wk; rkepiyapy; tsu;f;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ.
! nghJthf vy;yh ehfupfq;fspYk; ,iw ek;gpf;if my;yJ topghL
fhzg;gl;lhYk; mtw;wpy; ,iwtd; gw;wpa g+uzkhd Kbitf; fhzKbahJ.
rpyu; ,iwtd; cz;L vd;gu;. rpyu; mg;gb xd;W ,y;iy mJ fw;gid
vd;gu;. rpyu; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l flTs;fis tzq;Ftu;> topgLtu;. ntt;NtW
nraw;ghLfSf;fhf ntt;NtW flTsiu vjpug ; hu;gg
; u;. ,itaidj;Jk; flTs;
gw;wpa KOikahd fUj;ij Kd;itf;ftpy;iy. ,];yhk; kl;LNk njs`Pj;
vd;w KOikahd flTs; nfhs;ifia Kd;itj;Js;sJ.
! xOf;fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; nghJthdnjhU xOf;fepajpia Vida
ehfupfq;fs; Kd;itg;gjpy;iy. vJ xOf;fk; vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rpyu; xOf;fkhff; nfhs;tij kw;Wk; rpyu; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,jdhy; xOf;fj;ij ,dk;fhz;gNj rpukkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Mdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; xOf;fj;ij tiuaWj;Jk; vy;NyhUf;Fk;
nghJthdjhfTk; vLj;Jk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
! mwpitg; nghWj; j tiuapy; vJ mwpT vd; g jpy; fUj; J NtWghL
fhzg;gLfpdw ; J. nghJthf Vida ehfupfq;fs; GydwpitAk; gFj;jwpitAk;
Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpdw ; d. vdpDk; Gydwptpd; my;yJ gFj;jwptpd; ve;j mk;rq;fis
Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ? ve;j mk;rq;fis epuhfupg;gJ vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL
cz;L. ,];yhkpa ehfupfNk ,t;tpU mwpitAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w mNj
Neuj;jpy; ,tw;Wf;fpilapy; re;NjfNkh Kuz;ghNlh fhzg;gLk; NghJ mjid
curpgg; hu;gg
; jw;fhf t`p mwpT vd;w kw;Nwhu; mwpitAk; toq;fpapUf;fpdw ; J.
,jdhy; re;Njfkpd;wp mwpitg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;wJ.
mwptpy; KOikj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
! t`pia Vw;fpd;w mNj re;ju;g;gj;jpy; t`pawpit tpupTgLj;j gFj;jwpitg;
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topAk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; cz;L. ,jw;F ,[;jp`hj;
rpwe;j eilKiw cjhuzkhFk;.
www.nie.lk -16-
info@nie.lk
! kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; rpy ehfupfq;fs; nefpohj; jd;ikAldpUf;f>

kw;Wk; rpy nefpOk; jd;ikAld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nefpOk; jd;ikf;F
Kd;Dupik toq;Fk; ehfupfq;fspy; epue;juj;jd;ikiaf; fhzKbahJ.
nefpohj; jd;ikf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLf;Fk; ehfupfq;fs; #o;epiyf;Nfw;g
jd;id tsu;jJ; f; nfhs;s Kbahky; jpzl; hlyhk;. vdNt nefpOk;> nefpohj;
jd;ikfis xd;wpizj;J KOikahd ehfupfkhf ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;
mike;Js;sJ.
! kdpjd; vg;NghJk; eLepiyj; jd;ikiaNa tpUk;Gfpwhd;. ntg;gkhd
#oiyNah> Fspuhd #oiyNah tpUk;ghj kdpjd;> ,uz;bw;Fkpilg;gl;l
kpjkhd #oiyNa tpUk; G fpd; w hd; . vdNt> ,]; y hkpa ehfupfKk;
eLepiyahd Nghf;ifNa kdpjDf;F toq;fpapUf;fpdw ; J. Mjyhy;> ,];yhkpa
ehfupfj;Jf;F cl;gl;l r%fj;ij ck;kjd; t]jd; - eLepiyahd rKjhak;
(2:143) vd;W my;Fu;Md; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
! khu;ff
; j;jpy; kpjkpQ;rpa jd;ik Fwpj;J vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uq;fs;. cq;fSf;F
Kd;nrd;w kf;fs; kpjkpQ;rpa jd;ik fhuzkhf mopTf;Fs;shdhu;fs;.
(m`;kj;) vd;w `jP]; ck;kjd; t]jd; vd;gjw;F tpsf;fkhf mikfpd;wJ.
! my;Fu;Md; u`;khDila ey;ybahu;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> ~md;wp
mtu;fs; jhdk; nfhLj;jhy; msT fle;Jk; nfhLj;Jtpl khl;lhu;fs;.
fQ;rj;jdKk; nra;a khl;lhu;fs;. ,jw;F kj;jpa juj;jpy; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
(25:67) vd;W eLepiyj; jd;ikiag; NgZtJ ey;ybahu;fspd; gz;G vdf;
Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jd; tpsf;fj;ij kw;nwhU Nfhzj;jpy; vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lk; NghJ> (cq;fSila nghUs;fspy; vijANk nryT nra;ahJ)
md;wp (cq;fsplk; ,Ug;gij vy;yhk; nfhLj;J cq;fSila ifia
Kw;wpYk; tpupj;JtplhjPu;fs;. Mjyhy; ePq;fs; epe;jpf;fg;gl;ltu;fshfTk;>
Kilg;gl;ltu;fshfTk; jq;fp tpLtPu;fs;. (17: 29) vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
! ,q;Nf msT fle;J nrytpLtijAk; mstpy; Fiwj;J nrytpLtijAk;
jtnwdr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; my;Fu;Md;> ,uz;bw;Fkpilg;gl;l kj;jpk epiyapy;
nrytpLkhW mwpTWj;JfpwJ.
! ,t;thNw cz;gjpYk; gUFtjpYk; $l eLepiyiag; NgZtJ ,];yhkpa
ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. tapW epiwa cz;gjpYk;> Fbg;gjpYk;
vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uq;fs;. mJ MNuhf;fpaj;ijg; ghjpj;J Neha;fis
cUthf;Fk;> njhOifapy; Nrhk;giy Vw;gLj;Jk;. me;j ,uz;bYk; eLepiy
NgZq;fs;. mJ cliyr; rPu;gLj;jp tPz; tpuaj;ijj; jLf;Fk;. (my; fd;];)
cz;Zq;fs;> gUFq;fs;> tPz;tpuak; nra;ahjPu;fs; (7:31) vd;W kw;nwhU
Fu;Md; trdk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. cq;fs; kPJ ngUQ;Rikfis Vw;wpf;
nfhs;shjPu;fs;. ePq;fs; mope;J NghtPu;fs;. cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;w kf;fs;
jk;kPJ mjpf Rikfis Vw;wpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,jdhy; mope;J Nghdhu;fs;.
mtu;fsJ vr;rq;fs; klhyaq;fspYk;> Mr;rpukq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
(m`;kj;) vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.
! egpatu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;> ,yFgLj;Jq;fs;. f\;lg;gLj;jhjPuf
; s;. Mu;t%l;Lq;fs;>
ntWg;gilar; nra;ahjPu;fs;. (K];ypk;)
www.nie.lk -17-
info@nie.lk
! mwpQu; Yf;khd;> jdJ kfDf;F cgNjrpf;Fk; NghJ> ~~ckJ eilapy;

kj;jpa juj;ijf; filg;gpb. cdJ rj;jj;ijj; jho;j;jpf;nfhs;. rj;jq;fspy;
ntWf;fj;jf;fJ fOijapd; rj;jkhFk;. (31:19) vd;W $Wfpwhu;. ,q;F
my;Fu;Md; xyp vOg;GtjpYk; eLepiy NgzNtz;Lnkd mwpTWj;JfpwJ.
! ,Jkl;Lkd;wp> ,k;ikAk; kWikAk; rkepiyapy; Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w
fUj;ijAk; my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. `h[pfspd; gpuhu;j;jid vt;thW
mika Ntz;Lnkdf; fw;Wj;jUk; my;Fu;Md;> ~~vq;fs; ,iwtNd> vq;fSf;F
Ntz; b aitfisnay; y hk; ,k; i kapNyNa mspj; j ptpLthahf. vd; W
Nfl;gtu;fSk; cz;L. Mdhy;> ,j;jifNahUf;F kWikapy; ahnjhU
ghf;fpaKkpy;iy. (2:200) md;wp vq;fs; ,iwtNd> vq;fSf;F eP ,k;ikapYk;
ed;ikiaspg;ghahf. kWikapYk; ed;ikaspg;ghahf euf neUg;gpd;
NtjidapypUe;Jk; vq;fis eP ghJfhg;ghahf vdf; NfhUgtu;fSk; cz;L.
(2: 201)
,j;jifa cyf tptfhuq;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rup> Md;kpf tptfhuq;fshf
,Ue;jhYk; rup eLepiyahd Nghf;ifNa ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpwF
; l;gl;ltu;fs;
iff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gij my;Fu;MDk;> ]{d;dhTk; typAWj;Jtijf;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
! eLepiyj; jd;ikia kPwp msTf;fjpfk; jkf;Fj;jhNd Rikfis Vw;gLj;JtJ
ehfupfkhd gz;gy;y. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;. ngUQ;Rikfid
cq;fs; kPJ Rkj;jpf; nfhs;shjPu;fs;. ,jdhy; ePq;fs; mope;JtpLtPu;fs;.
cq;fSf;F Ke;jpa r%fj;jtu;fs; mjpf Rikia Vw;Wf; nfhz;likahy;
mope;J Nghdhu;fs;. (mg+ a/yh)
! vdNt> msTf;fjpfkhfNth> mstpy; kpf;f Fiwj;Njh ve;jr; nraypYk;
<Lglf;$lhJ. mJ ,ghjh Nghd;w Md;kf P r; nray;ghLfshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
njhopy; Kaw;rpNghd;w cyfpaw; nray;ghLfshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. xU Kiw
KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop) mtu;fs;> Mu;tkpFjpahy; njhOifia ePl;bj;
njhoitj;jhu;fs;. nghWikapoe;j ]`hghf;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;
te; J Kiwg; g hL nra; j hu; f s; . mg; N ghJ ~~KMNj> eP mtu; f isr;
rpukg;gLj;JfpwPuh vd;W %d;W Kiw tpdtpdhu;fs;. gpd;du;> ~rpyu; ey;y
tplaq;fspy; kf;fis ntWg;g+l;Lfpwhu;fs;.| vd fbe;J nfhz;lhu;fs;. (Gfhup)
kw;nwhU nghOJ> ~cq;fshy; ,yFthfr; nra;af;$atw;iwNa nra;Aq;fs;.
fisg;Gk; rypgG; k; Vw;gLk; tifapy; my;yh`; $yp nfhLg;gjpy; fisg;gila
khl;lhd; (Gfhup) vd;W mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;.
! mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D cku; (uop) mtu;fs; ,ghjj;Jfspy; %o;fp> kidtp
kP j hd flikfisf; $ l kwe; J tpLthu; f s; vd Kiwapl; l NghJ>
~mg;Jy;yh`;Nt> ,t;thW nra;ahjPu;> rpy ehl;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;gPuhf> rpy
ehl;fspy; tpl;LtpLtPu;. ,uT Ntisapy; ,ghjj; nra;Ak;. mNjNtis
cwf;fj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk;. ckJ clk;Gf;Fk;> ckJ kidtpf;Fk;> ckJ
tpUe;jpdUf;Fk; cupikfs; cz;L (Gfhup) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.
! xt;nthU rKjhaKk; mJ tho;e;j gpuNjrk;> mjd; tsk;> mJ vw;Wf;
nfhz;l nfhs;if> mjpy; cUthd Gj;jp[t P pfs;> nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs;> mtu;fs;
Nkw;nfhz;l njhluhd Kaw;rpfs;> jpahfq;fs;> mtu;fsJ murpay;> mwptpay;>
www.nie.lk -18-
info@nie.lk
nghUspay;> ,uhZt gyq;fs; Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; r%f

tho;f;ifapNyw;gLk; gupzhk tsu;;r;rp xU jdpahd ehfupfkhf nraw;gl
Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mtw;wpd; eyd;fs; kw;wtu;fisf; ftUk; NghJ mtu;fSk;
me;ehfupfj;jpd;ghy; <u;f;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. vdNt Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpy; neUq;fp
thOk; r%fq;fSk; mjpy; ,ize;J nfhs;fpd;wd. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa
vy;yh ehfupfq;fspYk; ,e;jg; gz;Gfisf; fhzyhk;.
! ,t;thNw fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mjw;fz;ikapy; kw;nwhU ehfupfk; Njhd;Wk;
NghJ> Kd;ida ehfupfj;ij ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf murpay;> mwptpay;>
,uhZt eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,jdhy; Kd;ida ehfupfk;
mopTwyhk;. ,d;Nwy; Kd;ida ehfupfj;jpd; rpwe;j mk;rq;fs; my;yJ
Kaw;rpfs; iftplg;gLk; NghJ> mJ jsu;tila> mLj;J te;j ehfupfk;
mjid kpiff;fyhk;. ,jdhy; KjypUe;j ehfupfk; gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rpia
Nehf;fpr; nry;y gpe;jpa ehfupfk; vOr;rp ngWk;. fpNuf;f ehfupf tPo;r;rpAk;
cNuhk ehfupf vOr;rpAk; ,jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. vdNt> ve;j ehfupfKk;
njhluhf epiyj;J epw;gijf; fhzKbahJ. gpwehfupf mk;rq;fs;
midj;ijAk; Jwe;J jdf;Nf cupa jdpgg ; z;Gld; khj;jpuk; thoTk; KbahJ.
kdpj mwptpd; topahf kl;Lk; mit Njhd;wpAk;> tsu;eJ ; k;> fye;JwthbAk;
epiyepw;fpd;wikNa ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; vOr;rp ngw;w fhyg;gFjpapy; tlNkw;Nf cNuhk ehfupfKk;>
tlfpof;Nf ghurPf ehfupfKk; fhzg;gl;ld. Ml;rpahsu;fSk;> mtu;fsJ
mbtUbfSk; me;ehfupfq;fspd; eyd;fis Ruz;bf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
nghJkf;fs; cupikapoe;J fhzg;gl;ldu;. cau; kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l
,t;Tupik kPwy;fNshL xOf;f tPor ; r
; pAk; nghJkf;fspy; ntWg;ig Vw;gLj;jpd.
,e;epiyapyj ; hd; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jhy; mtu;fs; ftug;gl;lhu;fs;. ,];yhkpa
tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gf;fl;lj;jpy; (fp.gp. 630 ,y;) xU Nghu; epfo;e;jJ.
K];ypk;fSf;nfjupuhfg; NghuhLtjw;F> tPuu;fs; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;L mioj;J
tug;gl;ldu;. mtu;fs; jg;gpNahbtplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhfr; rq;fpypfshy;
gpizf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;. mit Nrfupf;fg;gl;lNghJ mit Xu; xl;lifr;
RikasT fhzg;gl;ljhff;; fz;ldu;.
! ,e;epiyapy; jhd; fyPgh cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; mwG ehl;Lf;F
ntspNa ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; gut Muk;gpj;jJ. gpd;du; Njhd;wpa cikah>
mg;gh]pa Ml;rpf; fhyq;fspy; gpw fyhrhu jhf;fq;fs; ,iza Muk;gpj;jd.
mt;Ntis ,];yhj;Jf;F Kuzhd mk;rq;fs; epuhfupff ; g;gl;ld. Kuzpyy
; hj
mk;rq;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. kw;Wk; rpy ,];yhkpakag;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
,jdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; NkYk; rpwg;Gw;wJ. Fwpg;ghf fpNuf;f> ghurPf>
,e;jpa nkhop%y E}y;fs; ngau;f;fg;gl;ld. jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; mur
MjuTlDk; K];ypk;fs; mwptpay; Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl Muk;gpj;jdu;. mwG
nkhop E}y;fs;> ];ghdpahtpypUe;J gpuhd;]{f;Fr; nrd;w NghJ gpuhd;]py;
Y}ap kd;dDf;nfjpuhf kf;fs; Gul;rpAk;> N[u;kdpapy; rkag;Gul;rpAk;
,q;fpyhe;jpy; ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpAk; Njhd;wp etPd fhyj;ij cUthf;fpaJ.
! ,J njhlu;ghf fyhepjp K];jgh ]pghap (u`;) gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;.
tuyhw;wpd; xU fhyfl;lj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; fpNuf;f ehfupfj;NjhL njhlu;G
nfhz;lhu;fs;. mjpYs;s ,yf;fpaq;fis nkhop ngau;f;fTk; nra;jhu;fs;.
www.nie.lk -19-
info@nie.lk
Mdhy;> mtu;fs; ve;j epiyapYk; ,iwtDf;F ,izitj;J vOjg;gl;l

,yf;fpaq;fis nkhopahf;fk; nra;atpy;iy. K];ypk;fs; Xtpak; jPl;Ltjpy;
xg;gw;W tpsq;fpdhu;fs;. xU NghJk; ,iwtd; xUtNd vd;w nfhs;if
fw;Wj; je;j epajpfSf;F mg;ghy; Xtpak; jPl;ltpy;iy. tu;zk; G+Rtjpy;
K];ypk;fs; ifNju;e;j fiyQu;fshf tho;e;jhu;fs;. Mdhy;> mtu;fs;
Mghrq;fis tu;zq;fshf g+rpj;je;jjpy;iy. K];ypk;fs; rpw;gf;fiyapy;
rpwe; j pUf; f pwhu; f s; . mjw; f hf mtu; f s; rpiyfis rpw; g q; f s; vd
nrJf;fpajpy;iy. fiyaoFk; ftpd;kpF cilaoFk; nfhz;L tho;ej ; hu;fs;
Mdhy;> midj;jpYk; my;yh`;tpd; tud;Kiwfspd; topNa tho;e;jhu;fs;.
]; g hdpahtpy; jahupf; f g; g l; l mzpkzpfs; > kl; g hz; l q; f s; > cNyhf
Ntiyg;ghLfs;> vfpg;jpy; nea;ag;gl;l Milfs;> rpupahtpy; jahupf;fg;gl;l
ghj;jpuq;fs;> <uhdpy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l Mguzq;fs; vy;yhk; Ntiyg;ghLfshy;
NtWgl;lhYk; nfhs;ifahy; xd;Wgl;L epd;wij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
! vdNtjhd;> tuyhw;wpd; ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; kl;LNk ehfupfj;jpd;
ehafuhfj; jpfo; e ; j hu; f s; vd; W (Sideo) irbNah vd; w vOj; j hsu;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
www.nie.lk -20-
info@nie.lk
Nju; r ; r p 2.0 : ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %yhjhuk; t`p vd;gij

mwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l
tuyhw; i wAk; tpgupg; g hu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 2.1 : t`papd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk;
tpgupg; g hu; .
ghlNtis : 20
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! t`papd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.
! t`papd; mtrpaj;ijAk; mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; czu;e;J mjd;

mbg;gilapy; tho;it mikj;Jf; nfhs;tNj ntw;wpf;fhd top vd;gij
epahapg;ghu;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij cUthf;FtjpYk; tsu;g;gjpYk; t`papd;
gq;fspg;ig tpsf;Fthu;.

! kdpjd; jdJ mwpitg; gad; g Lj; j p tho; t pw; f hd mbg; g ilfisAk;
Nfhl;ghLfisAk; tFj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;: mjw;fhf GyDzu;T> gFj;jwpT>
jj;Jtk; Kjypatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhs;fpwhd;.
! Mdhy; t`papd; mbg;gilapy; egpkhu;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tho;T gw;wpa
Nfhl;ghL kdpjdJ GyDzu;T> gFj;jwpT> jj;JtQhdk; vd;gtw;why;
mwpaKbahj tplaq;fisAk; njspTgLj;JfpwJ.
! Gyd;fspd; Jiznfhz;L ngwg;gLk; mDgtNk mwpT vd;w jj;Jtf;
Nfhl;ghL Guhjd fpNuf;f ehfupf tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj ,Ue;J
te;Js;sJ. mt;thNw ,jd; gupzhkq;fs; gy;NtW fhyg;gFjpapYk; gy
tbtq;fspy; ntspte;Js;sjid tuyhW gjpe;Js;sJ. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;il
cilNahu; t`pia kWf;fpd;wdu;.
! GyDzu;Tjhd; mwptpd; mbg;gil vd;W $WNthupd; thjk; gw;wp my;Fu;Md;
gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “kWikapy; ek;ikr; re;jpg;gij vtu;fs;
ek;gtpy;iyNah mtu;fs;> ‘vq;fs; kPJ kyf;Ffs; ,wf;fg;gl Ntz;lhkh>
my;yJ vq;fSila fz;fshy; ehq;fs; vq;fs; ,iwtidg; ghu;f;f
Ntz;lhkh’ vd;W $Wfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; jq;fis kpfkpfg; ngupjhf
vz;zpf;nfhz;L msT fle;J nrd;Wtpl;ldu;” (my;Gu;fhd; : 21)
! t`papd; ,yf; F k; mjd; topfhl; l Yk; vd; W k; xNu mbg; g ilapNy
mike;jpUe;jd. midj;J ,iwJ}ju;fSk; Nghjpjj; jPd; xd;whfNt ,Ue;jJ.
mJ vd;Wk; khwhjJ. mtu;fs; Nghjpj;j \uPM - rl;lq;fs; fhyj;jpd;
Njitf;Nfw;g t`papd; topfhl;lypy; mike;jpUe;jd.
! GydwpT> Ik;Gyd;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;lit. mJ FiwghLilaJ vd;W
fhzg;gl;lNghJ mDgtq;fspD}lhfg; ngwg;gl;l gFj;jwpitg; gpuNahfpf;f
www.nie.lk -21-
info@nie.lk
Kw;gl;ldu;. gFj;jwpTk; FiwghLilaNj. Vnddpy; ,t;twpTfs; gilg;Gf;fis

Nehf;fpaNj jtpu gilg;gpdq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ij mwpahjit.
t`p vd;gJ gilg;gpdq;fspd; ,aw;ifj; jd;ikAld; mit gilf;fg;gl;ljd;
Nehf; f j; i jAk; mwpe; j gilg; g hsdplkpUe; J toq; f g; g Ltjhy; mJ
GydwpitAk;> gFj;jwpitAk; tpl NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ.
! ehk; vq;fpUe;J te;Njhk;> Vd; te;Njhk;> vq;F nry;yg; NghfpNwhk;> vkJ
KbT vd;d Nghd;w mbg;gil tpdhf;fSf;Fg; GydwpthNyh> gFj;jwpthNyh
tpil $w KbahJ. ,jid my;Fu;Md; gpd;tUkhW njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.
“,ijg;gw;wp mtu;fSf;F ahnjhU QhdKk; fpilahJ. tPz; fw;gidiaj;
jtpu (NtW vijAk;) mtu;fs; gpdg; w;Wtjpyi
; y. (tPz); fw;gid cz;ikf;F
Kuzhd vjidAk; cWjpg; gLj;jhJ” (me; e[;k; : 28)
kdpj tho;Tf;fhd ,yl;rpaj;ijAk; Fwpf;NfhisAk; tFj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk;
jifik kdpj mwpTf;F ,y;iy. mJ t`pf;F khj;jpuNk cz;L vd;gJ
my;Fu;Mdpd; fUj;jhFk;.
! t`p> mwptpd; %yhjhuq;fSs; kpf cau;e;j gbj;juj;jpy; cs;sjhFk;.
mjD}lhf kdpjd; jdJ GydwpT> gFj;jwpT vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp
gpugQ;rj;ijAk; mjd; gilg;gpdq;fisAk; Muha;eJ
; ,iwtdpd; Nguhw;wiy
czu;e;J mjw;fika jdJ tho;tpw;fhd ,yf;Ffis mikj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lnkd my;Fu;Md; $WfpwJ. “thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk;> ,itfSf;F
kj; j papYs; s itfisAk; tpisahl; l hf ehk; gilf; f tpy; i y. jf; f
fhuzj;jpw;fhfNt md;wp ,itfis ehk; gilf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk; mtu;fs;
ngUk; ghyhNdhu;(,jid) mwpe;J nfhs;tjpy;iy.” (Jfhd; : 38-39) NkYk;
- (,g;wh`Pk; : 32>33> My ,k;uhd; : 191)
! ,t;Tyfpy; kdpjd; gpwf;Fk; NghNj mtdJ cyfpay; Njitfs; midj;Jk;
rpwe; j Kiwapy; g+u; j ; j p nra; a g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w d vd; g ij my; F u; M d;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
“mtNd cq;fSf;Fg; g+kpia trpfF ; kplkhfTk;> thdj;ij xU tpjhdkhfTk;
mikj; J > Nkfj; j pypUe; J kioiag; nghoptpj; J mjidf; nfhz; L
cq;fSf;F czthff;$ba fdp tu;f;fq;fisAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.”
(my; gfuh : 22) NkYk; (my; md;Mk; : 95> my; thfpM : 63-72> me;e`;y;
: 66)
! kdpjDf;fhd Md;kpf> xOf;f mwnewpf; Nfhl;ghl;il kdpj mwpthy;
tFj;Jf;nfhs;s KbahJ. t`papd; %yNk mJ rhj;jpakhFk;. kdpj
tho;tpdJk;> gpugQ;rj;jpdJk; ,yl;rpaj;ijAk;> ,ufrpaq;fisAk; mwpahj
kdpjdhy; kdpj tho;Tf;fhd topfhl;liy vg;gb toq;f KbAk;.?
! t`papd; mtrpaj;ij czu;e;J mjid Vw;W ele;j r%fq;fs; cau;e;j
ehfupfj;ijg; ngw;W ntw;wpaile;jjw;Fk;> mjid epuhfupj;j r%fq;fs;
,optile;J> Njhy;tp mile;jjw;Fk; my;Fu;MDk;> tuyhWk; Mjhukhf
mikfpd;wd.
www.nie.lk -22-
info@nie.lk
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; KOikahf t`papd; mbg;gilapy; vOe;jjhFk;.

mjdhy;jhd; mJ ePz;lfhyk; epiyj;J epw;gJld; Vida ehfupq;fspdhy;
epiyehl;l Kbahky; Nghd ePjpiaAk;> rkj;Jtj;ijAk; cau;e;j xOf;fg;
gz;ghl;bidAk;> mwptpay; rhjidfisAk; kdpj r%fj;jpw;F toq;fpf;
nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
www.nie.lk -23-
info@nie.lk

Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 2.2 : my; F u; M d; mUsg; g l; l KiwiaAk; njhFf; f g; g l; l
tuyhw; i wAk; tpsf; F thu; .
ghlNtisfs; : 20
fw;wy; NgWfs;:
! my;Fu;Md; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil %yhjhuk; vd;gij
tpsq;fpf; $Wthu;.
! my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;L njhFf;fg;gl;l Kiwiaf; fl;lk; fl;lkhf
tpgupg;ghu;.
! u];Ky; c];khdpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwptNjhL ,d;W tiu
my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUk; xOq;if vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

my; F u; M d; mwpKfk; .
! kdpj tho;Tf;fhd gupG+uz topfhl;lyhd my;Fu;Md; my;yh`;tpd;
fyhkhFk
fyhkhFk;. ,J kdpj tho;it tsg;gLj;jp ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd;
Njhw;wj;jpwF
; k; tsu;rr
; pfF
; khd mbg;gilia toq;fpaJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
kf;fh kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; (23 tUlq;fs;) gbg;gbahf ehfupfj;ij
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. me;j
topfhl;lypd; mbg;gilapNyNa ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; KOik ngWtjw;fhd
rhjdq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;ld.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilfis toq;fpa my;Fu;Md; mJ
mUsg;gl;lJ Kjy; ,d;Wtiu J}a tbtpy; KOikahfg;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;LtUfpwJ.
“mtu;fs; ,e;jf; Fu;Mid rpe;jpj;Jg; ghu;f;f Ntz;lhkh? ,J my;yh`;
my;yhjtu;fsplkpUe;J te;jpUe;jhy; ,jpy; mjpfkhd Kuz;ghLfisf;
fz;bUg;ghu;fs;” (4: 82)
! my;Fu;Md; J}a muG nkhopapy; kpf cau;e;j ,yf;fpa juKila E}y;.
,e;j ,yf;fpa juj;jpw;F kpifahfNth> epfuhfNth ve;j E}Yk; ,y;iy.
! my;Fu;Md; cau; ,yf;fpa juk; tha;ej
; jhf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ gbj;jtu;fis
kl;Lk; ikakhff; nfhz;likatpy;iy. rhjhuz kf;fshYk; tpsq;ff;
$ba vspa eiliaAk;> ,dpa Xir eaj;ijAk; nfhz;like;Js;sJ.
! my;Fu;Md; gjpd;dhd;F E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lnjhU fhyj;jpy; ,wq;fpa
NghJk; mJ Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fs; fhyj;ij ntd;wjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
,J Kf;fhyKk; mwpe;j xUtdhy; khj;jpuNk rhj;jpag;gl KbAk;. mJ
cyfk; cs;ssTk; kdpjDf;F topfhl;Lk; E}yhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
www.nie.lk -24-
info@nie.lk
! ,J kdpj tho;it ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. kdpj tho;it

newpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nja;tPfg; ghu;it nfhz;lJ. mJ kdpj tho;tpy;
epk;kjpia> Kd;Ndw;wj;ij> rpwe;j ehfupfj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJld; kWikapy;
Rtd tho;Tf;F topfhl;LtijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;
,J kdpj tho;tpy; kfj;jhd Gul;rpfisAk; Vw;gLj;jf;$baJ.
! my;Fu;Mid XJtJk;> mjid tpsq;FtJk;> mjd;gb vkJ tho;it
mikj;Jf; nfhs;tJk;> mjd; topfhl;liy Nehf;fp kf;fis miog;gJk;
my;Fu;Md; kPjhd K];ypk;fspd; flikahFk;.
02. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; :

! my;Fu;Md; my;yh`;tpd; fyhkhFk;. mJ kdpj Mf;fkd;W. yt;`{y;
k`;g+spy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L te;j mJ> xU ukohd; khjj;jpy; igJy;
,];]hTf;F KOikahf ,wf;fg;gl;lJ. gpdd; u; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fSf;F
mtuJ ehw;gjhtJ tajpy; `puhf; Fifapy; itj;J #uh myf;fpd;
Kjy; Ie;J trdq;fSk; Kjd; Kjyhf mUsg;gl;ld. mjd;gpd;du; re;ju;gg
;
#o;epiyfSf;Nfw;g ,wf;fp mUsg;gl;ld. K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd;
tghj;Jf;F rpwpJ fhyj;jpw;F Kd;du; my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; Kw;Wg;
ngw;wJ.
mUsg;gl;l Kiw :
! my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; mUsg;gltpy;iy. mJ Njitf;Fk;> re;ju;g;g
#o; e piyfSf; F k; Vw; g jdp trdkhfTk; > nrhw; n whluhfTk; > gy
trdq; f shfTk; mUsg; g l; l J. rpy re; j ug; g q; f spy; rpy ]{whf; f s;
KOikahfTk; mUsg;gl;Ls;sd. kw;Wk; rpy re;ju;gg ; q;fspy; rpy ]{whf;fspd;
Muk;gg; gFjp xU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; Vida gFjpfs; gpwpnjhU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;
mUsg;gl;Ls;sd.
! jdp trdk; mUsg;gl;likf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf ]{wh me;ep]htpd; 95Mk;
trdj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. xU nrhw;nwhlu; khj;jpuk; jdpahf mUsg;gl;ljw;F
cjhuzKk; ,Nj trdj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. “,iw ek;gpf;ifahsu;fspy;
vtu;fs; [p`hjpy; fye;J nfhs;shky; jq;fptpLfpwhu;fNsh mtu;fSk;>
vtu;fs; jq;fs; capuhYk; nghUshYk; my;yh`;tpd; topapy; [p`hj;
nra;fpwhu;fNsh mtu;fSk; rk me;j];Jilatu;fshf khl;lhu;fs;” (me;ep]h
: 95) vd;w trdk; mUsg;gl;l NghJ> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ck;kp kf;J}k;
(uop) jdJ ,ayhikia egpatu;fsplk; vLj;Jr; nrhd;d NghJ> mjw;Fg;
gjpyhf Nkw;$wpa Maj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s “ifU cypy;owu;” (epahakhd
fhuzk; vJTkpd;wp) vd;w nrhw;nwhlu; mUsg;gl;likiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
! njhlu;r;rpahf gy trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fSk; cz;L. mjw;F
cjhuzkhf> md;id Map\h(uop) mtu;fs; kPJ Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
goprn
; rhy;iy kWj;Jiuf;Fk; ]{wh me;E}upd; gj;J trdq;fisf; Fwpgg
; plyhk;.
! rpy ]{whf;fspd; Muk;gg; gFjp xU re;jug;gj;jpYk; mjd; Vida gFjpfs;
NtnwhU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mUsg;gl;Ls;sd. ]{wh myfpd; Kjy; Ie;J
www.nie.lk -25-
info@nie.lk
trdq;fs; xU jilitAk; mjidj; njhlu;e;J tUk; gFjpfs; NtW xU

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mUsg;gl;ld.
! xNu re;jug;gj;jpy; KOikahf mUsg;gl;l ]{whf;fSf;F cjhuzkhf
#uJy; m];u>; #uJy; nfs]u;> #uJe; e];u>; ]{wh md;Mk; Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:
! my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhky; rpwpJ rpwpjhf
gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mUsg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ij md;iwa fhgpu;fshy;
Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. Kd;ida Ntjq;fs; Nghyd;wp my;Fu;Md;
gFjpgFjpahf mUsg;gl;L te;jjhy; mjid mtu;fs; ,iwthf;fhf Vw;f
Kbahnjd kWj;Jiuj;jdu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Gide;Jiuj;j fl;Lf;fij
vd thjpj;jdu;. “md;wp> ,J Kd;Ndhu;fspd; fl;Lf;fij> (,t;thW) ,J
fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; ,tUf;F Xjpf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jid ,tu;
(kw;nwhUtupd; cjtpiaf; nfhz;L) vOjpf; nfhs;fpwhu;.” (my;Gu;fhd;: 05)
! my;Fu;Md; gFjpgFjpahf mUsg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fis my;yh`;
gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy; njspTgLj;Jfpd;whd;. “egpNa> ck;ik epuhfupf;Fk;
,tu;fs;> ,e;jf; Fu;Md; KOtJk; mtu;kJ P xNu jlitapy; ,wf;fg;gl;bUf;f
Ntz;lhkh vd;W Nfl;fpd;wdu;. ,t;thW ehk; nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf
,wf;fpanjy;yhk; ck; ,jaj;ijj; jplg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt” (my;Gu;fhd;: 32)
! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; j/thg;gzp ,yFthdjhf mikatpy;iy. khwhf
ntF fbdkhdjhfTk; gy;NtW Jd;gq;fis vjpu; nfhs;tjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
,t;thW f\;lq;fis vjpu; Nehf;Fk; NghJ egpatu;fs; kdk; jsu;e;J
tplhJ> jdJ gzpapNy cWjpahf ,Ue;J nraw;glNtz;bapUe;jJ.
my;Fu;Md; KOikahf ,wf;fg;gl;L ,iwtDf;Fk; ,iwJ}jUf;Fk;
,ilapyhd njhlu;G Jz;bf;fg;glhky;> my;yh`;Tldhd t`p %ykhd
njhlu;G egpatu;fSf;F kd cWjpia toq;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. jdf;F
MWjy; Njitg;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; egpatu;fs; ,iwthf;fpd; tUifia
vjpu;ghu;g;gtuhf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
! my;Fu;Mdpd; GJg;GJf; fUj;Jf;fs;> cs;sj;ij Ml;nfhs;Sk; mjpra
nkhopeil> thdtj; jiytuhd [pg;uPy; (miy) mtu;fspd; Neubr; re;jpg;G
Kjypad> egpatu;fSf;F jhd; jdpj;J tplg;gl;ltu; my;yu;> jhd; ,iwtdpd;
fz;fhzpg;gpYk;> MjutpYk;> mutizg;gpYk;> ghJfhg;gpYk; ,Uf;fpd;wtu;
vd;w kd czu;it GJg;gpf;fTk; jdJ gzpapy; cWjpahd cs;sj;NjhL
<LglTk; fhuzkha; mike;jd.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> j/thg; gzpapd; NghJ vjpu; Nehf;fpa ,d;dy;fshy;
tpuf;jpailahjpUg;gjw;fhf> Kd;ida egpkhu;fspd; tuyhWfs; $wg;gl;L
j/thg; ghijapd; ,ay;ghd jd;ik tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; vj;jid
Nrhjid Neu;ej ; hYk;> ,Wjpapy; cz;ikNa ntw;wp ngWk; ngha; mopitNa
vjpu; Nehf;Fk; vd;gJ czu;j;jg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; egpfshupd; cs;sk; cWjp
ngw;wJ.
www.nie.lk -26-
info@nie.lk
! mt;tg;NghJ Fiw\pf; fhgpu;fis vr;rupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; tifapy;

my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs; ,wq;fpd. ,iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfisg; ngha;gg
; pj;Njhu;
mile;j gaq;fu tpisTfis vLj;Jf;fhl;b mit vr;rupf;if nra;jd.
! “egpNa> ,t;t+uhu; jq;fs; (tPLfspy;) ,utpy; epj;jpiu nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghNj ek;Kila Ntjidfs; mtu;fis te;jilahnjd;W
mr;rkw;wpUf;fpd;wduh? my;yh`;tpd; gpbapypUe;J mtu;fs; mr;rkw;W
tpl;lduh? Kw;wpYk; e\;lkilaf;$ba kf;fis jtpu vtUk; my;yh`;tpd;
gpbf;F mr;rkw;wpuhu;?” (my; m/uhg; : 97-99) NkYk; (my; fku; : 43- 47)
(my; md;Mk; : 33-34)
! my;Fu;Md; rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,wq;fpaikf;fhd ,d;ndhU fhuzk;> mtw;iw
kddkpl; L g; ghJfhg; g Jk; > mjd; mbg; g ilapy; nrayhw; w p mjd;
Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fr; nray; tbtk; nfhLg;gJkhFk;. gpur;rpidfs; Nrhjidfs;
kpFe;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; my;Fu;Md; KOikahf mUs;gl;bUe;jhy; mjid
kddkpl;Lr; nray;gLj;JtJk; $l gpur;rpidahf mike;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.
NkYk;> my;Fu;Mid kddkpLtJ vd;gJ ntWkNd mjid cjl;lstpy;
cr;rupg;gjy;y. mjid tpsq;fp> Muha;e;J mjd; topapy; nray;gLtjhFk;.
nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fpaikapdhNyNa ,J rhj;jpakhdJ.
my;Fu;Md; xU tho;f;if newp vd;gJk; ,jd; %yk; cWjpg;gl;lJ.
! “vq;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; my;Fu;Mdpd; gj;J trdq;fisg; gbj;J> mtw;wpd;
fUj;ij tpsq;fp> mjd; topapy; epd;W nrayhw;wpa gpd;dNu mLj;j
trdq;fisg; gbf;f Kw;gLtu;” vd;W mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uop)
mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;fs;.
! my;Fu;Mdpd; Njit xU Gjpa rKjhaj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;GtjhfNt ,Ue;jJ.
me;jr; rKjhaj;jpd; ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghLfs;> rKjha khz;Gfs;> r%f
cwTfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tplaq;fisf; fhy tsu;r;rp> re;ju;g;g #o;epiy>
r%fj;jpd; Njit vd;gtw;wpw;Nfw;g mUsg;gLtNj nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.
my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; mjd; nkhj;j cUtpy; mUsg;glhky; gbg;gbahf
mUsg;gl ,jidAk; xU fhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;.
! ,jdhy; egpatu;fs; my;Fu;Mdpd; Nghjidfis kf;fSf;F Xjpf; fhz;gpjJ; >
mtu;fsJ cs;sj;ijg; gupRj;jg;gLj;jp> tplaq;fisj njspTgLj;jpdhu;fs;.
“ehk; ,e;j my;Fu;Mid vjw;fhf nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf ,wf;fpNdhnkdpy;
ePu; ,ij kf;fSf;F epWj;jp epWj;jp Xjpf; fhl;l Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd;;||(gD} ,];uhaPy; : 107)
! ,jd; NghJ egpatu;fsplk; gy;NtW tpdhf;fisr; r`hghf;fSk;> fhgpu;fSk;
tpdtpdhu;fs;. mtw;Wf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW> cupa re;ju;gg ; j;jpy; tpilaspjJ
;
khu;ff
; j;jpd; capNuhl;lj;ijf; fhj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ my;Fu;Mdpd;
trdq;fs; mUsg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jd. cjhuzkhf> ku;jj; my; fdtp
(uop) ,izitf;Fk; ngz;iz kzg;gJ rk;ge;jkhf egpfshuplk; njspit
Ntz;ba NghJ> mJ jLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij tpsf;Fk; #uJy; gfuhtpd; 221
Mk; trdk; ,wf;fg;gl;lJ.
www.nie.lk -27-
info@nie.lk
! my;Fu;Mdpd; Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;F mJ gbg;gbahf

,wf;fg;gLtNj my;yh`;tpd; jpl;lkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
! my;Fu;Mid ahUk; kpiff;f KbahJ vd;gijAk; mJ my;yh`;tplkpUe;J
mUsg; g Lfpd; w mw; G j Ntjk; vd; g ijAk; mij epuhfupg; N ghUf; F
clDf;Fld; ep&gpg;gjw;fhfTk; my;Fu;Md; gFjpgFjpahf ,wq;fpaJ.
“ck;kplk; mtu;fs; ve;j cjhuzj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhYk; (mijtpl)
cz;ikahdijAk; kpf mofpa tpsf;fj;ijAilaij ehk; ck;kplk;
nfhz;L te;J tpLNthk;.” (25:33)
“,iz itg;gtu;fs; Gjpa ghzpapy; Vjhtnjhd;iwf; Nfl;Ltpl;lhy;
my;yh`;Tk; Gjpa ghzpapy; mjw;F gjpiy toq;fptpLthd;” (mwptpg;gtu; :
,g;D mg;gh];> E}y; : ,g;D mgP`hjpk;)
my; F u; M dpd; njhFg; G k; ghJfhg; G k;
! gFjp gFjpahf> fhy #oYf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; ,wf;fg;gl;l my;Fu;Mdpd;
njhFg;Gg; gzp gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,lk; ngw;wJ.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpy; my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs; ,wf;fg;gl;lhy; mjid
egpatu;fs; kddk; nrha;Jnfhs;thu;fs;. mt;tifapy; my;yh`;tplkpUe;J
Neubahf my;Fu;Midg; ngw;wtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; my;Fu;Mid
KOikahf kddkpl;ltu;fshf egpfshu; (]y;) mtu;fs; jpfo;e;jhu;fs;.
! mtu;fsJ kddk;> ,wq;fpa Kiwapyd;wp jpyhtJy; Fu;Md; vd;Dk; xjg;gLk;
Kiwapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,wf;fg;gLfpd;w ve;jnthU trdKk; #uhtpy;
ve;j trdj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; my;yJ gpd;dhy; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w
tifapy; egpfshu; mwpt+l;lg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;.
! me;j mikg;gpNyNa egpfshiug; gpd;gw;wp r`hghf;fSk; kddkpl;ldu;.
mtu;jk; gps;isfisAk; kddkplj; J}z;bdhu;fs;. mt;tifapy; egpfshu;
fhyj;jpNyNa mjpfkhd r`hghf;fs; `hgpof
; shfj; jpfo;ej
; hu;fs;. ,t;thwhd
vOtiu r`P`{y; Gfhup ngau; Fwpj;Js;sJ.
! mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj;> KMj; ,g;D [gy;> nra;j; gpd; rhgpj;> cig
,g;D f/g;> ]hypk; gpd; k/fy;> mG+irj;> mg+ju;jh (uop) MfpNahNu ngau;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;ltu;fs; Mtu;.
! Mdhy;> ,tu;fs; jtpu ,d;Dk; mjpfkhd r`hghf;fs; my;Fu;Mid
kddkpl;bUe;jhu;fs;. akhkh Aj;jj;jpy; vOgJ r`hghf;fs;
\`Pjhf;fg;gl;lhu;fs; vd;w mwptpg;G ,jid cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,t;thW
kddk; nra;tjd; %yk; my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Lte;jJ.
! my;Fu;Mid ju;jPGj; jpyhtj; Kiwapy; XJtjd; %yk; my;Fu;Md;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ. njhOk; NghJ egpfshUk; r`hghf;fSk; ,t;thW Xjf;
$batu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;. NkYk; ,uT Neuq;fspy; my;Fu;Mid ePz;l
Neuk; XJk; tof;fk; ]`hghf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
,jid mbf;fb $wpAs;shu;fs;. mg+ %]h my; m\;mup (uop) mtu;fs;
,t;thW Gfog;gl;ltupy; xUtu; Mthu;.
www.nie.lk -28-
info@nie.lk
! NkYk;> egpfshu; xt;nthU ukohdpYk; mJtiu mUsg;gl;bUe;j my;Fu;Md;

KOtijAk; Xjpf;fhl;Lthu;fs;. ,Wjp ukohdpy; ,uz;L Kiw ,lk;ngw;w
,j;jifa epfo;tpy; irj; gpd; ]hgpj; (uop) mtu;fSk; cld; ,Ue;jik
tpNrl mk;rkhFk;.
! ,t;thW Xjy;> kddkply; vd;gtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf> my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs;
vOjg;gl;Lk; te;jd. md;W vOj;J Kiw ngUtsu;r;rp milahjpUe;jhYk;
vOjf; $ba r`hghf;fs; Rkhu; ,Ugj;jhW Ngustpy; ,Ue;jjhff;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. mtu;fSs; xU FOtpdu; t`pia vOJk; FOtpduhf
epakpf;fg;gl;L gzpahw;wp te;jdu;. irj; gpd; ]hgpj;> myp> KMtpah> cig
,g;D f/g; Nghd;Nwhu; mjpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. mf;fhyj;jpy; Glit>
vYk;G> Njhy;> gyif><r;rk; gl;il> ntz;fw;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; mit
vOjg;gl;ld. “E}d;> vOJNfhypd; kPJk;> mjidf; nfhz;L vOjpaitfs;
kPJk; rj;jpakhf” (fyk; : 01) “mtd;jhd; vOJNfhiyf; nfhz;L fw;Wf;
nfhLj;jhd;” (myf; :04) Kjypa my;Fu;Md; Maj;Jf;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy;
vOj; J Kiw tof; f j; j pypUe; j ij cWjpg; g Lj; J k; Mjhukhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
! egp (]y;) mtuf;sJ ,Wjpf; fhyk; tiu ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jik> ,wq;Fk;
KiwAk; XJk; xOq;FKiwAk; NtWgl;bUe;jik> xU trdk; kw;nwhU
trdj;ij khw;Wk; epiy fhzg;gl;lik Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; my;Fu;Md;
KOikahd xNu njhFg;G E}yhf vOjg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. vd;whYk; KOf;
Fu;MDk; XJk; Kiwapy; Xu; xOq;fikg;G Kiwiag; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,jidNa
[pg;uPy; (miy) mtu;fs; Xjpf; fhz;gpj;jhu;fs;.
my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy;
my;Fu;Mid xU E}yhfj; njhFf;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpak; czug;gl;lJ.
,jid ca;j;Jzu;e;jtu; cku; (uop) mtu;fshtu;. akhkhg; Nghupy;
vOgJf;Fk; mjpfkhd `hgpo;fs; \`Pjhdhu;fs; vd;w tplaj;ij cku;
(uop) my;Fu;Mdpd; vjpu;fhy ghJfhg;G vd;w mk;rj;NjhL njhlu;GgLj;jp
rpe;jpj;jhu;fs;. mjdhy;> my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy; mJ
vOj;JUtpy; xU fpjhghf vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nahrpj;J mg+gf;u; (uop)
mtu;fsplk; jdJ fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhu;fs;.
fyPgh mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; egpfshu; nra;a Kidahj gzp vd;w
tifapy; Muk;gj;jpy; kWj;jhYk; gpd;du; r%f eyd; vd;w tifapy; mjd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L my;Fu;Mid xd;Wjpul;Lk; gzpapy;
,wq;fpdhu;fs;.
! my;Fu;Mid E}YUthf;Fk; ,g;gzpf;F ,isQUk;> Fj;jhGy; t`papd;
jiytUk;> [pg;uPy; (miy) egpfshUf;F my;Fu;Mid Xjpf;fhl;Lk; NghJ
mUfpy; ,Ue;J jdJ kddj;ijr; rupghu;j;Jf; nfhz;ltUkhd i]j; gpd;
]hgpj; (uop) epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu; xU `hgpohf ,Ue;jJld; fpuhmj;>
eh]pf; - kd;#f;> ]gGd; E]{y; Kjypa fiyfspy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtuhfTk;
www.nie.lk -29-
info@nie.lk
,Ue;jhu;fs;. vd;whYk; ,g;gzpapd; fbdk; Fwpj;J mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW

$wpdhu;fs;.
! “vd;dplk; xU kiyia Xuplj;jpypUe;J ,d;Ndhu; ,lj;jpw;F ngau;f;Fk;
gzp xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; ,g;nghWg;igtpl mjid ,yFthf Vw;Wf;
nfhz;bUg;Ngd;||
! i]j; gpd; ]hgpj; (uop) jkJ njhFg;Gg; gzpia kpf Mjhug+u;tkhdjhfr;
nra;tjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ve;jnthU Fu;Md; trdj;ijAk; mjw;fhd
,uz;L rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhky; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. kddkplg;gl;lit
vOjpitf;fg;gl;ltw;WlDk;> vOjp itf;fg;gl;lit kddj;NjhLk; xg;gpl;L
rupghu;f;fg;gl;l gpd;dNu Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;fhf vOj;Jg; gpujpfis
xd;W jpul;Lk; ngUk; gzpapy; ,uTgfyhf <Lgl;lhu;fs;. NkYk; kddj;ij
kl;Lk; mbg;gilahf itj;J my;Fu;Mid njhFf;ftpy;iy. kddj;ij
vOj;JUtpy; fz;l gpd;Ng Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> #uJj;
jt;ghtpd; filrp trdq;fs; mg+ Firkh (uop) ,lkpUe;J ngWk; tiu
mjid kddkpl;ltu;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jaq;fp epd;whu;fs;.
! ,t;thW mtjhdkhfTk;> Mjhug+u;tkhfTk; njhFf;fg;gl;l K];`g; mg+gf;u;
(uop) ,lk; ifaspff
; g;gl;lJ. gpdd
; u; mg;gpujp cku; (uop) ,lKk; mtu;fSf;Fg;
gpd; `g;]h(uop) ,lKk; ifaspf;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ.
my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lk;
! my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lkhf> c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSila
fhyj;jpy; XJk; Kiwapy; xUikg;ghl;ilg; NgZk; tifapy; my;Fu;Md;
gpujpfs; jahupf;fg;gl;lik nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,r; nraw;ghl;bw;Ff; fhuzkhf
mike;jtu; `{ijgJy; akhdp(uop) mtu;fshtu;.
! c];khd;(uop) fhyj;jpy; ,];yhk; vfpg;J> ghurPfk;> tl Mgpupf;fh> kj;jpa
Mrpah tiu gutpapUe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; Mq;fhq;Nf tho;e;j K];ypk;fs;
my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; xNu Kiwiag; gpdg ; w;wtpyi
; y. gy gFjpfspYk;
gy Kiwfs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld. cjhuzkhf : $ghthrpfs;> ,g;D k];Cj;
(uop) mtu;fspd; Kiwiag; gpdg ; w;wpAk;> g]uhthrpfs; mg+%]h m\;mup(uop)
mtu;fisg; gpd;gw;wpAk;> rpupahtpy; kpf;jhj; gpd; m];tj; (uop) mtu;fspd;
Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wpAk; Xjp te;jdu;.
! ,t;thW my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; rpupahthrpfSk;> <uhf; thrpfSk;
jhk; XJk; KiwNa rupahdJ vd;W thjpLk; msTf;F te;Jtpl;l epiyia
Mu;kdP pa Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ mtjhdpjj
; `{ijgJy; akhdp (uop) ,t;tplaj;ij
c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsplk; Kd;itj;jhu;fs;. ,e;epiy njhlu;ej
; hy; a+ju;fs;
Nghy K];ypk;fSk; fUj;JNtWghl;lhy; gpsTgl NeupLk; vd;W Rl;bf;fhl;ba
NghJ c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; mjw;fhd eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;fpdhu;fs;.
! cr;rupg;gpy; xUikg;ghl;il Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; nraw;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xU FOit
epakpj;jhu;fs;. i]j; gpd; ]hgpj;> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D Rigu;> ]<j; ,g;D
M];> mg;Ju; u`;khd; my; `hup]; (uop) Mfpa ehy;tu; mf;FOtpy; ,lk;
ngw;wdu;.
www.nie.lk -30-
info@nie.lk
! ,tu;fs; `g;]h (uop) mtu;fsplk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L te;j K];ìgj; jOtp

Fiw\pfspd; nkhopeilapy; VO gpujpfisj; jahupj;jhu;fs;. mit $gh>
g]uh> kf;fh> kjPdh> lk];f];> vkd;> g`;iud; Mfpa gFjpfSf;F mjid
Xjpf;fhl;Lk; fhupfSld; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ld.
! c];khd; (uop) Nkw;nfhz;l ,g; gzpia ]`hghf;fs; midtUk; Vw;Wf;
nfhz;lik rpwg;ghd mk;rkhFk;. ,t;thW jahupf;fg;gl;l gpujp mg+gf;u;
(uop) fhyj;jpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l gpujpapypUe;J NtWglhJ fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jd;
%yk; my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; r%fj;ij xd;wpizf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd
gzpia epiwNtw;wpaikahy; c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; ~~[hkpcy; Fu;Md;||
vd miof;fg;glyhdhu;. `p[u; p 25 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w ,g;gzpAld; my;Fu;Mdpd;
njhFg;Gg; gzp epiwtilfpwJ.
my;Fu;Mdpd; ghJfhg;G :
! my; Fu;Md; mJ mUsg;gl;l mNj mikg;gpy; mZtsNtDk; khw;wkpd;wp
gjpehd;F E}w;whz;Lfshf ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtJ mjd; mw;Gjj; jd;ikf;F
kfj;jhd vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. my;Fu;MDf;Fg; gpwF vOjg;gl;l vj;jidNah
ngWkjp tha; e ; j E}y; f s; Kw; w hf mope; J tpl; l d. Mdhy; > ve; j
mdh;j;jq;fshYk; #o;r;rpfshYk; my;Fu;Mid mopf;f Kbatpy;iy. Vd;
Xu; vOj;ijf; $l khw;w Kbatpy;iy. c];khd; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy;
vOjg;gl;l my;Fu;Mdpd; ,uz;L gpujpfs; ,d;Wk; $l ghJfhf;fg;gl;L
tUfpd;wik rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.
! my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fpa fhyj;jpy; mijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l r%fk; kpfTk;
gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. mtu;fSila vjpupfshy; gy tifahd
,d;dy;fSf;Fk; ,yf;fhf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;> vOj;jwpT
,y;yhj r%fkhfTk;> vOJtjw;fhd cgfuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd
tha;gG
; mupjhd fhykhfTk; fhzg;gl;l md;W> my; Fu;Midg; ghJfhf;Fk;
gzpapy; <Lgl;lik xU tuyhw;Wr; rhjidahFk;.
! Mdhy;> my; Fu;Mdhfpa ,Wjp Ntjj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig my;yh`;
kdpju;fSf;F tplhky; jhNd Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;. “epr;rakhf ehk; jhd;
,t; N tjj; i j ck; k P J ,wf; f p itj; N jhk; . epr; r akhf ehNk mjd;
ghJfhtyu;fshNthk;” (my; `p[;u; : 09)
! mt;tifapy; my;Fu;Midg; ghJfhg;gjpy; my;yh`;tpd; gy jpl;lq;fis
ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. my;Fu;Midg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mNugpa r%fk;
vOj;jwptpy;yhj r%fk;jhd;. Mdhy;> kpFe;j epidthw;wYila r%fkhf
,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> my;Fu;Mid mtu;fshy; kddk; nra;J ghJfhf;f
KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ. my;Fu;Md; rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,wf;fg;gl;likAk;> njhOifapy;
mjid Xj Ntz; L k; vd; w Vw; g hLk; my; F u; M d; ghJfhf; f g; g l
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l xU Kiwahf mike;jnjdyhk;.
! mt;tifapy>; my;Fu;Mid Neubahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l egpfshu; cs;sj;jpy;
mjidg; gjpj;Jg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig my;yh`; Vw;whd;. Muk;gj;jpy;
my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fpa NghJ mjid kwe;JtpLNtNdh vd;w mr;rj;jpy;
egpatu;fs; Ntfkhf ehit mirj;J Xjp kddkpLtjw;F Kw;gl;lhu;fs;.
egpfshu; mt;thW rpuknkLf;fj; Njit ,y;iy vd my;yh`; egpfshUf;F
www.nie.lk -31-
info@nie.lk
mwptpj;jhd;. “egpNa ,jw;fhf (Fu;Mid kddk; nratjw;fhf) mtrug;gl;L

ckJ ehit mirf;fhjPu;fs;. mijj; jpul;LtJk;> Xjr; nra;tJk; ek;ikr;
rhu;e;jJ.” (my; fpahkh : 16-19) (NkYk; jh`h : 114) mjd; gpwF [pg;uPy;
(miy) Xjpf;fhl;Lk; trdq;fs; vt;tsT mjpfkhf ,Ue;j NghJk; mit
mz;zyhupd; cs;sj;jpNy mg;gbNa gjpthfptpLk;.
! mLj;J> fy;tpQhdKilatu;fspd; cs;sq;fspYk; mjidg; gjpj;Jg;
ghJfhf;Fk; Vw;ghl;ilr; nra;jhd;. “khwhf ,it njspthd trdq;fs;.
fy;tp toq;fg;gl;Nlhupd; cs;sq;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mePjp ,ioj;Njhiuj;
jtpu NtW vtUk; ekJ trdq;fis kWf;fkhl;lhu;fs;.” (my; md;fg+j; :
49) ,d;W tiu ngUe;njhifahd kdpj cs;sq;fspy; ,e;j Fu;Md; kddk;
nra;ag;gl;Lg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
! NkYk;> my;yh`; my; Fu;Mid kddkpLtjw;F ,yFthd E}yhf Mf;fp
itj;jpUf;fpwhd;. ,jdhy; rpwpNahu;> ngupNahu;> Mz;fs;> ngz;fs; vd
midtuhYk; gFjp mstpNyh KOikahfNth kddkplg; g l; L g;
ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.
! my;Fu;Md; Xjg;gLtjd; %yKk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. XJk; NghJ mJ
kdJf;F ,dpikahdjhfTk;> MWjyhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. vj;jid jlit
XjpdhYk; njtpl;lhj jd;ikAk;> goikailahj GJikAk; my;Fu;MDf;F
cz;L.
! my;Fu;Md; ,d;Wtiu ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtjw;F ,d;ndhU fhuzk;> mJ
tho; f ; i fNahL neUq; f pa njhlu; i gf; nfhz; L s; s ikahFk; . kdpj
tho;f;ifapd; ve;jtpj gpur;rpidf;Fk; vf;fhyj;jpYk; jPu;T nrhy;Yk; mjd;
jdpj;Jtk; mJ kdpju;fsplkpUe;J J}ukhftpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehSf;F
ehs; mjd; Njit mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ vd;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.
! NkYk;> my;Fu;Mdpd; mwptpay; cz;ikfs; ,d;Wtiu khwhky; ,Ug;gJld;>
mwptpay; tsu;r;rpf;Nfw;g mjd; fUj;Jf;fSk; GJik ngWfpd;w jd;ik
my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjpy; ,d;ndhU mk;rkhFk;.
! mj;Jld; my;Fu;Md; $Wfpd;w vjpu;T $wy;fs; ,d;Wtiu epiwNtwp
tUfpd;wik mjd; [Ptj;Jbg;Gf;Ff; fhuzkhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
! my;Fu;Md; tpLf;fpd;w rthy;fs; ,d;Dk; Kwpabf;fg;glhik mJ fhyk;
fle;j xd;wy;y vd;gij ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,dpAk; mJ njhlUk;.
! ,t;thW my;Fu;Md; ,d;W tiu ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzkha;
miktJ mjd; J}a;ikj; jd;ikahFk;. mjpy; ve;jtpj ,ilr;nrUfy;fNsh>
kdpj fUj;Jf;fNsh ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. mjdhy; ,iwthf;fpw;Nf cupa
caupa me;j];Jld; cyfpy; jiy epkpu;e;J epw;fpwJ.
! NkYk;> my;Fu;Md; cyfpy; Fwpj;j xU ,dj;jpw;fhdjhf mikahky; KO
kdpj r%fj;jpw;Fkhd miog;ghf mike;Js;sJ. mjdhy;> kdpju; thOk;
fhynky;yhk; my;Fu;MDk; thOk;.
www.nie.lk -32-
info@nie.lk

Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 2.3 : ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; Fu;Md;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jthu;
ghlNtisfs; : 40
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; my;Fu;Mdpd; topfhl;liyf; fw;W tpsf;Fthu;.
! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; my;Fu;Mdpd; mZFKiwfis tpsq;fp vLj;Jiug;ghu;.
! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; my;Fu;Mdpd; gq;fpid cjhuzq;fs; %yk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
! my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; vy;yhf; fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhdit
vd;gij Mjhuq;fSld; ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

! my;Fu;Md; xU Gjpa \uPMit Kd;itj;jJ. mjd; %yk; mjw;F Kd;
fhzg;gl;l midj;J \uPMf;fSk; khw;wg; gl;Ltpll
; d. my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lq;fs;
,Wjpahd jd;ik ngw;wJ. cyfk; cs;ssTk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; \uPMit
mJ Kd;itj;jJ. mt;tifapy;> my;Fu;Md; ,];yhkpa \uPM rl;lj;jpd;
gpujhd %yhjhukhfTk;> gpujhd rl;l Cw;whfTk; jpfo;fpwJ. ,jd; %yk;
mjw;F khwhd rfy kdpj rl;lq;fSk; epuhfupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. cz;ikapy;
kdpju;fspd; rl;lq;fs; FiwawpTila %isapy; cjpj;jitahFk;. Mdhy;>
kdpjidg; gilj;jtDk;> mtDf;Fs;Ns gy ,ay;Gfis cUthf;fpatDk;>
mt;tpay;Gfis Gupe;J itj;jpUg;gtDkhfpa my;yh`; jhd; rl;lkpaw;w
jFjpgilj;jtdhfpd;whd;. NkYk;> cyfKk; cyfj;jpy; cs;sitAk;
mtDf;Nf nrhe;jkhdit. vdNt> mtw;iw vt;thW gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;W $Wk; tplaj;jpwF; j; jFjpgilj;jtDk; cupikahsDk; mtNdahthd;.
! my;yh`; my;Fu;Md; %yk; cyFf;F mspj;Js;s rl;lq;fs; cyfj;jpd;
tstho;it khj;jpuk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ljd;W. khwhf> kWikiaAk;
Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;lJ. kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Ds;s tho;T gw;wpAk; ,];yhkpa
\uPM ftdj;jpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Vida rl;lq;fspypUe;J ,r;rl;lk; rpwg;Gg;
ngWtJ ,jdhNyahFk;.
! my;Fu;Mdpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s trdq;fspy; Rkhu; Ie;E}W trdq;fs; rl;l
trdq;fs; vd;Wk; mit \uPM Jiwapd; gy;NtW tplaq;fs; gw;wpg; NgRfpdw
; d
vd;Wk; rl;lj;Jiw ty;Ydu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.
! my;Fu;Mdpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s rpy rl;lq;fis ~,ghuJe;e];| vd;Wk;
~,\huJe; e ]; | vd; W k; ~,f; j pyhTd; e ]; | vd; W k; gpupj; J tpsf; F tu; .
~~,ghuJe;e];|| vd;gJ njspthd rl;lk; vdg;gLk;. “jha; je;ijaiu Nehf;fp
‘rP| vd;Wk; $whNj vd;w trdk; njspthd rl;l trdkhFk;. ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F
www.nie.lk -33-
info@nie.lk
vt;tpj mepahaKk; nra;af; $lhJ vd;gJ mjpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; KbthFk;.

,J ,\huJe;e]; vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;. mjhtJ ,\huJe;e]; vd;gJ njspthd
rl;l trdj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Vida KbTfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.
! mt; t hNw ,ghuJe; e ]; ] pypUe; J ngwg; g Lk; kiwKf Nfhupf; i ffs;
,f;jpyhce;e]; vdg;gLk;. cjhuzkhf njhOifia epiyepWj;JkhW
my;Fu;Md; $WfpwJ. njhOiff;Fj; Njitahd Rj;jk; Kjypa mk;rq;fs;
mjd; kiwKf Nfhupf;iffshFk;. ,J ~~,f;jpyhce;e];|| vdg;gLk;.
! rl;lthf;fj;jpd; NghJ my;Fu;Md; rpy gbKiwfs; $ba mZFKiwfisAk;
ifahz;Ls;sJ. Nehnahd;wpid mfw;Wtjw;F gbg;gbahfNt rpfpr;ir
mspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mt;tikg;gpy; mwpahik vDk; Nehapy; cod;W
nfhz;bUe;j kf;fisg; gbg;gbahf jdJ mZFKiwapD}lhf xspf;Ff;
nfhz;L tUk; tpjkhf my;Fu;Md; jdJ rl;lq;fis Kd;itj;jJ.
! kf;fh fhyg;gFjpapy; Vfj;Jtk;> Rtu;ff
; k;> eufk;> kWik gw;wpa tplaq;fSf;F
Kd;Dupikaspjj ; J. mtw;Wld; RUf;fkhdJk;> vspikahdJkhd rl;lq;fis
mf;fhyg; gFjpAs; ,wf;fpaJ. #uh my;Gu;fhd;> my; md;Mk;> my; ,];uh>
my; K/kpD}d; Kjypa kf;fp #uhf;fspy; ,jid mtjhdpf;fyhk;. NkYk;
kf;fh fhyg;gFjpapy; tl;b jil nra;ag;gl;lik> msit epWitfspy;
Nkhrb nra;jy; $lhJ Nghd;w r%ftpay; rl;lq;fSld; njhOif> ]fhj;>
`[; njhlu;ghd rpy rl;lq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
! mLj;J my;Fu;Md; jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f cwTfs;> murpay;> nghUspay;>
thupRupik> Aj;jq;fs;> jz;lid vd jdJ rl;lq;fis kjdp trdq;fspy;
tpupthff; $wpAs;sij mtjhdpff ; yhk;. ,e;jg;gbKiw tsu;rr
; papd; rpwg;gk;rk;
Fwpj;J md;id Map\h (uop) $wpa tplak; Gfhupapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
“my;Fu;MdpNy KjyhtJ mUsg;gl;lJ Rtu;f;fk; - eufk; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;.
kf;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa NghJ `yhy;-ùhk; Nghjidfs;
,wq;fpd. khwhf> Kjy; trdk;> “ePq;fs; kJ mUe;j Ntz;lhk;|| vd;W
$wpapUe;jhy;> “ehq;fs; xU NghJk; kJit tplNt khl;Nlhk;|| vd;Nw
kf;fs; $wpapUg;gu;. mt;thNw Kjd; Kjyhf “ePq;fs; tpgrhuk; nra;a
Ntz;lhk;|| vdf; $wpapUg;gpd>; “ehq;fs; xUNghJk; tpgrhuj;ij tplkhl;Nlhk;||
vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghu;fs;.
! my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;fpd;w rl;l xOq;fpid cw;W Nehf;fpdhy; rpy
tplaq;fis RUf;fkhfTk; NtW tplaq;fs; tpupthfTk; $wg;gl;Ls;sijf;
fhzyhk;. ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghLfs;> jpUkzk;> thupRupik Nghd;wd gw;wpa
rl;lq;fs; tpupthfg; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; njhOif> ]fhj;> Nehd;G>
`[; Nghd;w tzf;f Kiwfs; gw;wp RUf;fkhfNt Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd.
! rl;lkpaw;wypy; khwh rl;lq;fisAk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g khWk; rl;lq;fisAk;
ftdj;jpw; nfhz;Ls;sik my;Fu;Mdpd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. ek;gpf;iff;
Nfhl;ghLfs;> tzf;f topghLfs;> rpy jz;lidfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Wjpahd
Kbtpidf; $WfpwJ. tpahghu tplaq;fs;> murpay; topKiwfs;> ePjp
toq; F k; Kiw> Nghd; w tw; w py; mbg; g il tpjpfis khj; j puNk
Kd;itj;Js;sJ. cjhuzkhf : “ePq;fs; ePjkhfNt jPu;g;gspAq;fs;|| ( )
www.nie.lk -34-
info@nie.lk
! my;Fu;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; ,[;jp`hjpwF ; ,lkspfF ; k; tifapy; rpy mbg;gil

tpjpfis Kd;itj;Js;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf : ve;jnthU Md;khTk; mjd;
rf;jpf;Fl;gl;Nl nghWg;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gLk; (my; gfuh : 286)> my;yh`;
khu;ff
; j;jpy; rpukj;ij Vw;gLj;jtpyi
; y (my; `[; : 78)> my;yh`; ,yFitNa
tpUk;Gfpwhd; f\;lj;ij tpUk;gtpy;iy (my; gfuh : 185)> epu;g;ge;jj;jpw;F
kd;dpg;Gz;L (my; gfuh : 173) Kjypad rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; NghJ
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba mbg;gil mk;rkhFk;.
! my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ,d;ndhU rpwg;gk;rk;; mJ ,aw;wpa rl;lj;jpwf
; hd
fhuzq;fisj; njspTgLj;Jk; KiwahFk;. ~~j/yPYy; m`;fhk;|| vd;w
,e;j Kiwia my;Fu;Mdpy; rpy ,lq;fspy; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. murpay;>
nghUshjhuk;> Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs; Nghd;wd ngUk;ghYk;
,g;gpuptpw;Fl;gl;ldthFk;. rpy tzf;f topghLfSf;Fk; my;Fu;Md; fhuzk;
Kd;itf;fpwJ. njhOif my;yh`;it epidT $u;tjw;fhFk;. Nehd;G
Nehw;wy; jf;thTilatu;fshf MFtjw;fhFk;.
! NkYk; fhy khw;wj;jhy; Njhd;wf; $ba Gjpa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T
fhZk; tifapy; rpy tplaq;fspy; rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ij mwpQu;fSf;F
tpl; L itj; J s; s J. ~~eP q ; f s; my; y h`; T f; F k; > J}jUf; F k; cq; f spy;
mjpfhuKilatu;fSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;|| ,t;thW mwpQu;fs; rl;lkpaw;Wk;
NghJ ,[;kh> fpah]; Kjypa Jiz %yhjhuq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
,it my;yh`; kdpju;fs; kPJ nfhz;l fUizapd; tpisNtahFk;.
! ,t;thW my;Fu;Md; njspthd Kiwapy; jdJ rl;lq;fis kdpju;fSf;F
toq;fpAs;sJ. mjdbg;gilapNy rl;lk; tFf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W
tpUk; G fpwJ. my; F u; M dpd; rl; l q; f isg; Gwf; f zpg; g J topNfLk; >
mf; f pukKkhFk; vd; W vr; r upf; f pd; w J. “jd; ,iwtdpd; trdq; f s;
epidt+l;lg;gl;l gpd;dUk; mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpg;gtidtpl topnfl;ltd; ahH?
epr;rakhf ehk; mf;fpukf;fhuu;fsplk; gopthq;FNthk;|| (m];][jh : 22)
www.nie.lk -35-
info@nie.lk

mwpe; J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 2.4 : ,]; y hkpa ehfupfj; i jf; fl; b naOg; g tjpy;
]_d; d htpd; nry; t hf; i f njspTgLj; J thu;
ghlNtisfs; : 25
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! ]{d;dh vd;w gjj;ij tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mjhuq;fSld; Kd;itg;ghu;.
! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; ]_d;dhtpd; topfhl;ly;fis
tpsq;fp vLj;Jiug;ghu;.
! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; mZFKiwfis tpsq;fp vLj;Jiug;ghu;.
! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd;; gq;fpid cjhuzq;fs; %yk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lthu;.

! my;yh`;tpd; J}ju; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs;> jd;idg; gpd;gw;wpa kf;fSf;F
rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfisf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. ,k;ik kWik Fwpj;j
tpsf;fq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. tho;tpd; vy;yh eltbf;if Fwpj;Jk;
fUj;Jg; gupkhwpdhu;fs;. jdpg;gl;l> FLk;g> r%f tho;tpy; Njhd;Wfpd;w
gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPuT
; fis Kd;itj;jhu;fs;. ntWikapypUe;J Xu; muir
cUthf;fp epUtfpj;jhu;fs;. Njitapd; NghJ gilfisj; jpul;b jhNk
jiyik jhq; f pdhu; f s; . ntspehl; L cwTfisAk; J}Jj; J tj;
njhlu;GfisAk; xOq;FgLj;jpdhu;fs;. tof;Ffis tprhupj;J mtw;Wf;fhd
jPuT
; fis toq;fpdhu;fs;. vdNt> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij mwpa Kw;gLgtu;fs;
egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tho;f;ifiaf; fw;fTk;> tpsq;fTk; Ntz;ba Njit
cz;L. mjidg; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L Ntnwq;Fk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijj;
Njl KbahJ.
! fyhepjp vk;. `kPJy;yh mtu;fspd; ,e;j mwpKfk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;
fl; b naOg; G tjpy; ]{d; d htpd; topfhl; l Yk; eilKiwfSk; gq; F
nfhs;fpd;wd vd;gijj; njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ehfupfk; vd;gJ #dpaj;jpypUe;J Njhd;Wtjpyi ; y. ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
Nehf;fpdhy;> [h`pypaj;ij xopg;gjpypUe;Jjhd; ehfupfk; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.
ehfupfk; vd; g jw; F g; gy; N tW tiutpyf; f zq; f s; $wg; g l; l hYk; >
mitaidj; J k; ehfupfk; efutho; N thL njlu; G ilaJ| vd; g jpy;
xd;WgLfpdw ; d. r%f mikg;gpy; kf;fs; ngUFk; NghJ ehfupfk; Njhd;Wfpdw ; J
vd ,g;D fy;J}d; Fwpgg ; pLfpwhu;. tpupthdJk;> cau;thdJkhd fyhrhuj;ijf;
nfhz;l xU r%fj;jpd; Nkdpiyiar; Rl;bf;fhl;LtNj ehfupfk; vd rhKNty;
`d;bq;ld; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
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! ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd kf;fh [h`pypa;aj;jpd; ikakhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. mq;F>

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,];yhj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpa NghJ-[h`pypa;aj;jpd;
gaq;fu vjpu;g;GlNdNa nray;gl Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. a];upg;> kjPdJe;egp
vd ngau; khw;wk; ngw;wJ. ehfupfj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; jkj;Jj; vd;w nrhy;NyhL
kjPdh vd;w ngau; njhlu;GWfpd;wJ. MfNt kjPdJe;egp vd;gJ egp (]y;)
mtu;fs; cUthf;fpa ehfupfj;jpd; ikak; vd;w fUj;jpy;
ifahsg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.
! kf;fhtpy;> jdp kdpjd; njhlu;ghd Nghjidfis toq;fpa my;Fu;MDk;>
]{d;dhTk; `p[;uj;jpd; gpd;duhd kjPdtho;f;ifg; gFjpapy;> ngUk;ghYk;
FLk;g> r%f> murpay;> nghUshjhu> fyhrhu> ru;tNjrpa tptfhuq;fs;
njhlu;ghd Nghjidfis Kd;itj;jd. kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;
xU ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld vdyhk;.
! ]{d;dh vd;gJ> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; nrhy;> nray;> mq;ff
P huk; vd;gtw;iwf;
Fwpf;Fk;. mit> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; kpFe;j
gq;fspg;igr; nra;Js;sd. ~~w]{y; vd;gJ capNuhbUf;Fk;tiu egp (]y;)
mtu;fisAk;> tghj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; mtu;fsJ ]{d;dhitAk; Fwpg;gjhf||
,g;D mg;Jy; gu; Fu;Jgp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; capu; thOk;
NghJ ,aq;fpa midj;JNk ]{d;dhthf mikfpd;wd. MfNt> mtu;fsJ
xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; nraw;ghLk; ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g md;W kl;Lky;y>
,d;Wk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wd.
! xU ehfupfk; epue; j ukhf miktjw; F mbg; g ilfSk; > mtw; i w
eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; xU r%fKk; mr;r%fk; tho;tjw;fhd gpuNjrKk;>
r%fj;ij topelhj;j xU jiyikAk; mtrpakhfpdw ; d. vdNtjhd;> `g\h>
jhapg; gpuNjrq;fs; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Wjpahf> a];upg; nghUj;jkhd
,lkhf Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lJ. kf;fhtpypUe;J ntspNawpa K`h[pu;fSk;>
a]; u pgpypUe; j md; ] hupfSk; mjd; jhgf r%fkhf khWfpd; w du; .
me;jf;fhyj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kf;fSf;F toq;fpa rka> r%f>
murpay;> nghUshjhu> fiy> fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; ,];yhkpa ehfupfkhf
ntspahfpd.
jdpkdpjd; :
! xU ehfupfj;jpd; nraw;ghl;lhsd; vd;wtifapy;> jdpkdpjd; Kf;fpakhd
xU Gs;spahthd;. vdNt> egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> jdpkdpj cUthf;fj;jpy;>
kf;fh tho;f;ifg; gFjpiag; Nghd;Nw kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapYk; mjpf
ftdk; nrYj; j pdhu; f s; . vy; N yhiuAk; Mjkpd; (miy) kf; f shfg;
gpufldg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. ,d> kj> nkhop> epw> gpuNjr NtWghLfis itj;J
kdpjidf; $WNghl mtu;fs; ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. kdpjd;> kw;nwhU kdpjdpd;
mbikahf ,aq;Ftij mtu;fs; tpUk;gtpy;iy. kdpjid my;yh`;Tila
mbahdhf ,Uf;fNt topfhl;bdhu;fs;. ,];yhk; Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;Ng>
jdJ gzpahsdhf mku;jj ; g;gl;l i]jpgD
; `hupjhit tpLjiy nra;jhu;fs;.
gpw;fhyj;jpy; jdJ mj;ij kfis kzKbf;fr; nra;jhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ
kztho;tpy; frg;G Vw;gl;l NghJ> i]j; (uop) tpLtpj;j kidtpiaj;
jhNd kWkzk; nra;J rkepiyia vLj;Jf;fhl;bdhu;fs;.
www.nie.lk -37-
info@nie.lk
! xUKiw> Mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fs; `g\pahd gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fis fWg;gpapd;

kfNd vd tpspjj ; NghJ> NfhgKw;w egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> ~ckJ [h`pypaa ; j;
,d;Dk; ePqf; tpyi ; y| vdf; $wpf; mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fisf; fbe;J nfhz;lhu;fs;.
ePq;fs; ehfupfkw;w epiyapy; Ngrp tpl;Bu;fs;| vd;W $WtjhfNt me;j
trdj; njhlu; mikfpd;wJ. me;j gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fis> egp (]y;)
mtu; f s; ,]; y hj; j pd; Kjy; ~Km]; ] pdhf| mku; j ; j pdhu; f s; . jdJ
,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; i]j; ,g;D `hupjh (uop) mtu;fspd; kfd; c]hkh
(uop) mtu;fis cau; Fy Fiw\pfs; mlq;fpa gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf
mku;jj; pdhu;fs;. ghurPf ehl;ilr; Nru;ej
; ]y;khd; (uop) mtu;fis mwgpauhd
mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fSld; rNfhjudhfg; gpizj;jhu;fs;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; xt;nthU jdpkdpjidAk; fz;zpag;gLj;jpdhu;fs;.
mtu;fspd; jifikf;Nfw;gg ; nghWg;Gf;fis toq;fpdhu;fs;. mj;jifikfisg;
ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. c];khd; (uop) mtu;fspd; ntl;f czu;itAk;> mg+ cigjh
(uop) mtu;fspd; ek;gfj; jd;ikiaAk; ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. mg+ cigjh (uop)
mtu;fis mkhDy; ck;kj; vdTk;> fhypj; ,g;D tyPj; (uop) mtu;fis
i]Gy;yh`; vdTk; `{ijgh (uop) mtu;fis ]h`pG]; ]pu; vdTk;
mioj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. me;jj; jdp egu;fspd; nraw;ghLfis ehfupfj;ijf;
fl;bnaOg;gg; gad;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. ,jid ~egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> kdpju;fis
mtu;fSf;Fupa me;j];jpy; itf;FkhW vq;fSf;F Vtpdhu;fs;| vd Map\h
(uop) mtu;fspd; $w;Wk; ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. (K];ypk;)
FLk;gk; :
! ey; y kdpju; f isAk; > rpwe; j r%fj; i jAk; cUthf; F tjpy; FLk; g
epWtdj; J f; F ghupa nghWg; G cz; L . mjidr; ruptu epiwNtw; w
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhfNt> ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Nka;g;ghsu;fs;. cq;fs;
Nka;g;igg; gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLtPu;fs;. (Gfhup) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;l egp (]y;)
mtu;fs; fztd; - kidtp (jha; - je;ijau;) ,UtuJk; nghWg;ig
typAWj;jpdhu;fs;. cq;fspy; rpwe;jtu; cq;fs; kidtpf;F ey;ytu;>
vdf;$wpdhu;fs;. ngz;fspy; rpwe;jtu; ahu; vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lNghJ fztd;
mtidg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ kfpo;tpg;ghs;. Vtpdhy; fl;Lg;gLths;. fztdpd;
nrhj; i jAk; jdJ fw; i gAk; fhj; J f; nfhs; t hs; . mtDf; F khW
nra;akhl;lhs;. (K];dj; m`;kj;) vdg; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. ngz;fSld; ey;y
Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs; (Gfhup) vd Mz;fSf;F mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;.
! rpWtu; kP J md; G nrYj; j hjtUk; ngupatu; f Sf; F upa flikfis
mwpahjtUk; vk;ikr; rhu;ej
; tu;fsy;yu; vd cgNjrpj;j egp (]y;) mtu;fs;>
jkJ nrhe;j tho;tpy; Kd;khjpupahf ele;J nfhz;lhu;fs;. egp (]y;)
mtu;fs;> jkJ kfs; ghj;jpkh (uop) mtu;fs; tPl;Lf;F te;jhy; vOe;J
epd;W Kj;jkpl;L jq;fsJ ,Uf;ifapy; mkur; nra;thu;fs;. egp (]y;)
mtu;fs; ghj;jpkh (uop) mtu;fspd; tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;why; mtu;fs; vOe;J
egp (]y;) mtu;fis tuNtw;W ifiag; gpbj;J Kj;jkpLthu;fs;. (Gfhup)
jkJ <uy; nfhOe;J vd kfs; kPjhd ghrj;ij ntspgg ; Lj;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fspd;
Nguu;fs; `]d; (uop) `{i]d; (uop) Mfpa ,UtiuAk; egp (]y;)
mtu;fs; elj;jpa Kiw gps;is tsu;gG ; f;F rpwe;j Kd;khjpupahf mike;jd.
www.nie.lk -38-
info@nie.lk
mtu; f isj; Njhspy; Rke; j hu; f s; . nry; y khd tpisahl; L fspYk;

ciuahly;fspYk; <Lgl;lhu;fs;.
cwtpdu;> maytu; :
! vtu; jkJ ,uzk; (up];f;) tprhypf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;> MAs; ePbf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; tpUk;GfpwhNuh> mtu; jdJ ,uj;j ge;jq;fSld; ,ize;J
thol;Lk;. (Gfhup) vd;W cwtpdu;fis Nerpj;J thoj; J}z;bdhu;fs;. xU
$l;lj;jpy; cwTfisj; Jz;bj;J tho;gtd; ,Ue;jhy; me;jr; rKjhaj;jpy;
my;yh`;tpd; mUs; ,wq;fhJ (ig`fp) vd vr;rupj;jhu;fs;. mz;il tPll ; hu;
grpj;jpUf;fj; jhd; khj;jpuk; tapW epiwa cz;gtd; K/kpdhf khl;lhd;.
(K];dj; mg+ y/yh) vd;Wk;> my;yh`;tpd; ghu;itapy; Njhoikahy;
rpwe;jtu;> jdJ Njhou;fsplk; rpwe;jtNu. my;yh`;tpd; ghu;itapy; rpwe;j
maytu;> jdJ mz;il mayhUld; rpwe;jtuhf ,Ug;gtNu (jpu;kpjp) K/
kpd; jdJ rNfhjuDf; F f; fz; z hbahthd; . kw; n whU K/kpDf; F
rNfhjuuhthu;. mtiur; Rw;wp epd;W ghJfhj;J mtuJ mopitj; jLg;ghu;.
(mjGy; Kg;uj;)
! xUtu; rpwe;jtuhf thOk; NghJ> mtuJ ehfupfk; kiwKfkhfg; gpurhuk;
nra; a g; g Lk; . ,jw; F tuyhw; w py; epiwa Mjhuq; f s; cs; s d.
cjhuzj;Jf;fhf xd;iwr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpNwhk;. nga;&j;jpYs;s gpupj;jhdpa
J}jufj;jpd; Nky;khbapy; xU fpwp];jt ,isQu; epw;fpwhu;. mtu; fPoN
; ehf;fpg;
ghijia Nehl;lkpLfpwhu;. mq;F> Xu; ,isQUf;Fk;> KjpatUf;Fkpilapy;
thf;Fthjk; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. thf;Fthjk; Kw;wp> Kjpatu;
,isQdpd; fd;dj;jpy; Xq;fpaiwfpwhu;. ,isQNdh gjpyb nfhLf;fhJ
efu;fpwhu;. ,ij mtjhdpj;j me;j fpwp];jt ,isQDf;F Mr;rupakhf
,Ue; j J. ~K]; y pk; f s; mjpfkhf thOk; me; e hl; b y; K]; y pk; f isf;
$tpaiof;fhky; mbthq;fpa ,isQd; mikjpahfr; nry;fpwhNd| vd
rpe;jpj;jthW fPNo ,wq;fp ,isQidr; re;jpf;fpwhu;.
! ~ehd; me;j a+jdplk; fld; thq;fpapUe;Njd;. cupa Neuj;jpy; mjidf;
nfhLf;f Kbatpyi ; y. Mj;jpukile;j mtu;> vd;id mbj;Jtpll; hu;. thq;fpa
flid cupa Neuj;jpy; nfhLj;JtpLkhW egp (]y;) mtu;fs; vkf;F
mwpTWj;jpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. mg;gbapUf;ff; flidj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fhjJ
vdJ Fw;wNk> vd;W tpsf;fkspj;jhu;.
! mjw;fhf mbf;f Ntz;Lkh? eP Vd; jpUg;gpabf;ftpy;iy. NtW xUtuhf
,Ue;jhy; jpUg;gpabj;jpUg;ghu; my;yth? vd;W tpdtpdhu;. jpUg;gpj; jhf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;w vz;zk; kdjpy; vOe;jJ. mjw;fhd rf;jpAk; vd;dplkpUe;jJ.
Mdhy; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; thu;j;ij vd;idj; jLj;Jtpl;lJ.
! M! mJ vd;d thu;j;ij vd me;jf; fpwp];jt rNfhjuu; Nfl;lhu;. ~rpwpNahu;
kPJ md;G fhl;lhjtDk;> ngupNahu;fSf;F kupahij nra;ahjtDk; vd;idr;
rhu;e;jtdy;yd; vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
! ,ijf; Nfl;l mtUf;F Mr;rupak; NknyOe;jJ. 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;
Neupy; mwpe;jpuhj xUtu; nrhd;dij ,d;Dk; eilKiwapy; fhl;LfpwhNu.
me;j kdpjdpd; rpwe;j tho;Tk; thf;Fk; vj;jifajhf ,Uf;Fnkd
www.nie.lk -39-
info@nie.lk
tpag;gilfpwhu;. ,Wjpapy; jdJ mYtyfg; gzpiaj; Jwe;J> mwG nkhopiaf;

fw;W> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;Js; Eioe;J my;Fu;Mid Mq;fpy nkhopapy;
nkhop ngau;j;J ntspapLfpwhu;. mtNu K`k;kj; ku;kba+f; gpf;jhy;
vd;gtuhthu;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; xU `jP]; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l NghJ Xu; mwpQiu
,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; jpir jpUg;gpaJ vd;gJ ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;F vj;jifaJ vd;gijj; njspthfNt
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
r%fk; :
! FLk;gq;fspd; njhFjpNa r%fkhFk;. FLk;gq;fs; ey;yjhdhy; r%fKk;
ey;yjhFk;. vdNt> jdp egu;fisAk; FLk;gq;fisAk; ,];yhkpag;gLj;jp
r%fj; i j ,]; y hkpakag; g Lj; j topfhl; b dhu; f s; . jdp egu; f isAk; >
r%fj; i jAk; clypd; cWg; G f; f Sf; F k; > fl; l lj; j py; fw; f Sf; F k;
ctikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhu;fs;.
! jdpegu;fisr; r%fj;Jld; gpizg;gjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Ie;J
tplaq;fisr; nraw;gLj;JkhW Vtpdhu;fs;. xU K];ypk; kw;nwhU K];ypikr;
re;jpj;jhy; ]yhk; $w Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F kw;wtu; gjpy; ]yhk; $w
Ntz;Lk;. mtu; Jk;kp my;`k;Jypy;yh`; vd;W nrhd;dhy; kw;wtu;
au;`KFKy;yh`; vd;W gpuhu;j;jid nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mtu; tpUe;Jf;F
mioj;jhy; r%fkspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ey;YgNjrj;ij - MNyhridia
vjpu;ghu;j;jhy; mwpTiu $w Ntz;Lk;. NehAw;why; eyk; tprhupf;fr; nry;y
Ntz;Lk;. kuzpj;jhy; mtuJ [dh]htpy; gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,it
kpf ,yFthdjhfTk; > r%f xw;Wikf;fhd rhjdkhfTk; mike;Js;sd.
$lNt> [khmj;> [{k;M njhOiffs;> ]fhj;> Nehd;G> `[; flikfs;
vd;gdTk; jdpegu;fisr; r%fj;Jld; gpizf;fpd;wd. gu;Sfpghahthd
tplaq;fSk; ,g;gzpia epiwNtw;Wfpd;wd. ew;Fzq;fisg; g+uzg;gLj;jNt
jhd; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sjhff; $wpa egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mg;gz;GfSf;$lhfTk;
,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;b vOg;gpdhu;fs;.
! Rje;jpuKk; rkj;JtKKila xU r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Ff; fy;tp
,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gjhy;> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fw;gij K];ypk;fs; kPJ
flikahf;fpdhu;fs;. (,g;D kh[h) ,];yhj;Jf;F Ke;jpa rKjhak; vOj
thrpf;fj; njupahj ck;kpr; rKjhakhf ,Ue;jJ. mjidf; fy;tp ngw;w
r%fkhf khw;Wtjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gy;NtW eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;. k];[pJe; egtpia xU fy;tpf; $lkhf ,aq;fr; nra;jhu;fs;.
m];`hG]; ]{g;gh vdg;gl;l jdpahd xU FOtpdu; k];[pjpy; jq;fp epd;W
r%fj;Jf;Ff; fy;tp toq;Ftjpy; jPtpukhf <Lgl;lhu;fs;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; k];[pj;
fy;tp epWtdkhfg; gzpahw;wTk;> k];[pj; E}yfq;fs; Njhd;wTk; ,J
Kd;Ndhb elbtbf;ifahf mike;jJ.
! vOj thrpf;fj; njupahj kf;fSf;F> vOjf; fw;gpg;gjw;fhf egp(]y;) mtu;fs;
Gjpa cj; j pnahd; i wf; ifahz; l hu; f s; . gj; W g; Nghupy; (`p :2)
ifJnra;ag;gl;l> vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;j ifjpfs; kjPdhtpy; thOk; gj;Jr;
rpWtu;fSf;F vOj thrpf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L tpLjiy ngwyhk;
www.nie.lk -40-
info@nie.lk
vdg; gpufldg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. ,jdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,sk; ]`hghf;fs;

midtUk; vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;jtu;fshf khwpdhu;fs;. ,t;thW fw;Wf;
nfhz;l rpWtdhd i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj; (uop) mtu;fs; Fj;jhGy; t`pahfTk;>
my;Fu;Mid E}YUtpy; njhFf;Fk; gzpfF ; Kjy;tuhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhu;fs;.
kl;Lkd;wp FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mguhdp nkhopiaf; fw;W egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
a+ju;fSld; fbjj; njhlu;G nfhs;tjw;Fk; cjtpahf epd;whu;fs;.
! K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; kj;jpa epiyakhf k];[pJe; egtpia epWtfpj;j egp
(]y;) mtu;fs;> murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu kj;jpa
epiyakhf mjid ,af;fpf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. ,jdhy;jhd; K];ypk;fspd;
fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;j vy;yhg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; k];[pj;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L
K];ypk;fspd; kj;jpa nrayfkhf nray;gl;ld. mit r%f rPuikg;Gf;Fk;>
rpwg;ghd r%f #oYf;Fk; topfhl;bd. ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
r%f #oy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. vdNtjhd;> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F
`p[;uj; nra;tjw;F Kd;Ng mjw;fhd mbj;jsj;ij ,l;lhu;fs;. kjPdh
thrpfNshL nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyhtJ igmJy; mfghtpy; (EGt;tj;
11)
1) xNu ,iwtidj; jtpu NtnwhUtiuAk; tzq;f khl;Nlhk;
mtidj; jtpu NtnwtUf;Fk; fPo;g;gba khl;Nlhk;.
2) jpUl khl;Nlhk;.
3) tpgrhuk; nra;a khl;Nlhk;.
4) vq;fs; Foe;ijfisf; nfhiy nra;a khl;Nlhk;.
5) vtu; kPJk; mtJ}W nrhy;y khl;Nlhk;.
6) egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ve;j ew;nray;fisg; GupAk;gb
fl;lis ,Lfpd;whu;fNsh mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;f khl;Nlhk;.
vd cWjp nkhop toq;f itj;jhu;fs;.
! ,t; t k; r j; i j tpsf; F tjw; F kw; n whU epfo; i t vLj; J f; f hl; l yhk; .
E}Wnfhiyfisr; nra;j xUtu;> jhd; ghtkd;dpg;Gg; ngw tha;g;Gz;lh
vdj; Njbaiye;jhu;. xU ngupahuplk; nrd;W jd;idg; gw;wpa tpguq;fisf;
$wpdhu;. mg;NghJ mtu;>
eP kpfg; ngupa jtiwr; nra;jpUf;fpwha;. vdpDk; xd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. ,uz;L
fpuhkq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xd;wd; ngau; e];uh`;. mq;F tho;gtu;fs; Rtu;ff;
thrpfs; nra;Ak; ew;fhupaq;fisr; nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;. NtW nray;fspy;
<LgLNthu; mq;F jq;f KbahJ. mLj;jjd; ngau; Fg;uh`;. mJ my;yh`;it
epuhfupj;jtu;fs; thOkplk;. MfNt> eP e];uh`; vd;w ,lj;Jf;Fr; nry;.
mq;NfNa jq;fpapUe;J me;j kf;fisg; Nghy; nray;gLthahf. mjd;
%yk; ckJ ghtkd;dpg;G Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;W cgNjrpj;jhu; (jpg;uhdp)
! ,q;F> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F rpwe;j r%f #oy;
cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;br; nrd;Ws;shu;fs;.
www.nie.lk -41-
info@nie.lk
murpay; :
! r%fj;ijAk;> ehfupfj;ijAk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; gyk; nghUe;jpa xU epWtdk;
murhq;fkhFk;. Mjyhy; tsu;rr; paile;j r%fj;jpd; murhq;fk; ];jpukhdjhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kpff; ftdkhf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
mjw;fhf murpay; eltbf;iffs; gytw;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj; nra;j gpd; Nkw;nfhz;l gzpfspy;
mq; F tho; e ; j a+ju; f Sld; nra; J nfhz; l cld; g bf; i f kpf
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fUjpNa gpw;fhyj;jpy; mJ kjPdh
rhrdk; vdg; ngauplg;gl;lJ. kfh rhrdj;ij xj;j jd;ik mjpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
mjd; %yk; egp(]y;) mtu;fSf;F jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy;
kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j xt;nthU gpuptpduJk; cupikfs; gjpag;gl;ld. mjd;
gpd;dzpapNyNa egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; murpay; eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;wd.
! jdf;Fg; gpd;du;> r%fj;Jf;Fj; jiyik jhq;Ftjw;Fj; jFjpahdtu;fis
mtu;fs; milahsg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. Fiw\paupypUe;Nj fyPgh tUthu; vd
xU nghJ epge; j idia itj; j pUe; j hu; f s; . jkJ nraw; g hLfisf;
fye;jhNyhrpj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jp murpay;> r%f tptfhuq;fspy; \{whtpd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;bdhu;fs;. ,jdhy; jhd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; fyPgh
cku; (uop) mtu;fs;> k[;yp]{\;\{whit mur epu;thfj;jpd; Xu; mq;fkhf
cWjpg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Muk;gpj;j ~igmj; Kiw| etPd
thf;fspgG
; KiwAld; njhlu;GilajhFk;. xt;nthUtUk; gjtpNaw;w fyPghit
igmj; nra;a Ntz;ba fl;lhak; ,Ue;jJ.
! cld;gbf;if nra;tijAk;> mjid kjpg;gijAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;iffs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf
`{ijgpah cld;gbf;if epfo;Tw;w rw;W Neuj;jpy;> kf;fhtpy; ,];yhj;ij
Vw;W> mjd; fhuzkhfj; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;L tpyq;fplg;gl;l epiyapy; mg+[e;jy;
(uop) mtu;fs; `{ijgpahit mile;jhu;fs;. jd;id tpLtpf;FkhW egp
(]y;) mtu;fsplk; tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. vdpDk; cld;gbf;if
vOjg;gl;Ltpl;ljhy; Fiw\pau; mjw;F Ml;Nrgid njuptpj;jdu;. vdNt>
cld; g bf; i fiaf; nfsutpj; J mtiuj; jpUg; g paDg; g paikiar;
Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.
! Ml;rpj; jiytUk; rup> mtuJ gpujpepjpahf kw;Nwhuplj;jpy; gzpahw;WgtUk;
rup> jdJ nray;ghLfis vt;thW newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij>
egp (]y;) mtu;fs; KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop) mtu;fis akDf;F
mDg;gpaNghJ tpdtpa tpdhf;fSk; mjw;F mtu;fs; nfhLj;j tpilfSk;
mjid egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mq;fPfupj;jJk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. xU
gpur;rpidf;Fupa jPu;T my;Fu;Mdpy; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gijg; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
,y;iyNay; ]{d;dhtpy; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W Njl Ntz;Lk;. mjpYk;
,y;iynadpy; ,[;jp`hj; fz;L topfhz Ntz;Lk; vd;gij me;j ciuahly;
vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ.
! xU jiytu; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
Muk;gfhy nraw;ghnlhd;W Jy;ypakhf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gpyhy; (uop)
mtu;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs; : xUehs; ehq;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fSld; mg+gf;u;
www.nie.lk -42-
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(uop) mtu;fspd; tPl;by; ,Ue;Njhk;. mg;NghJ fjT jl;Lk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ.

ntspNa nrd;W ghu;j;Njhk;. K`k;kjpg;D mg;Jy;yh (]y;) ,q;Nf
,Uf;fpwhu;fsh vd;W xU fpwp];jtu; Nfl;lhu;. Mk; vdf; $wp mtiu
cs;Ns mioj;J te;Njd;.
! K`k;kNj> ePq;fs; ,iwtdpd; J}ju; vdf; $Wfpwhu;fs; my;yth? mJ
cz;ikahapd;> rpy mepahaf;fhudpd; nfhLikapypUe;J ehd; tpLgl
ePq;fs; cjt Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;.
cq;fSf;F mepahak; nra;jtu; ahu;?
`p\hKila kfd; mk;U. (mg+[`;y;) vdJ nghUs;fis mgfupj;Jf;
nfhz;lhd;.
clNd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; vOe;J tpl;lhu;fs;.
~my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu> mg+[`;y; kj;jpahdj;jpy; J}q;FtJ tof;fk;> ,e;j
Neuj;jpy; mtid vOg;gpdhy; fLq;Nfhgkilthd;. jhq;fs; nrhy;tijr;
nrtpNaw;fhky; jq;fSf;F jPq;F nra;af; $Lk;| vd ehq;fs; $wpNdhk;.
! ,t;thW $wpaij Nfl;l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; Kfk; rpte;jJ. Nfhgj;Jld;
mg+[`;ypd; tPl;il mile;jhu;fs;. fjitj; jl;bdhu;fs;. thapypy; egp
(]y;) mtu;fs; epw;gijf; fz;L> cs;Ns thUq;fs;. vtiuNaDk;
mDg;gpapUe;jhy; ehd; Neupy; te;jpUg;NgNd| vd;whd;.
! ~,e;j fpwp];jtdpd; cilikia ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;fpwPu;fsh? mg;gbahapd;
mij mtuplk; xg;gilj;J tpLq;fs;| vd;whu;. mjw;F ~vtuplNkDk;
nrhy;ypaDg;gpdhy; mjidf; nfhLj;J mDg;gpapUg;Ngd;| vdf; $wptpl;L
mtw; i w xg; g ilf; F khW jdJ mbikf; F fl; l isapl; l hd; . mit
nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld. ~vy;yhg; nghUs;fSk; fpilj;J tpl;ldth| vd egp
(]y;) mtu;fs; mtdplk; Nfl;lhu;. ~xU $il fpilf;ftpy;iy| vd;whd;.
mijAk; nfhz;L tUkhW $w> mJ mq;F fhzg;gltpy;iy vdf; $wp
mijtpl ey;ynjhU $iliaf; nfhLj;Jtpl;lhd;. (]{g;jJy; thfpaPd;)
nghUspay; :
! midj;Jr; nry;tq;fSf;Fk; cupikahsd; my;yh`; xUtNd. mtd;
mUshff; nfhLf; F k; nry; t j; i j vt; t hW NjlTk; > nrytplTk;
Ntz;Lnkd;gij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. vy;yh kf;fSk;
rkkhd nghUs; trjpiaf; nfhz;buhikahy;> xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fpthOk;
epiy ,ay;gpNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j Vw;wj; jho;T cyf ,af;fj;jpw;F
mtrpakhdjhFk;.
! ,];yhNkh> ,];yhkpa ehfupfNkh nry;tk; xU rpyupd; ifapy; Njq;fp
epw;gij tpUk;gtpy;iy. vdNt mjidr; RoYk; tifapy; gad;gLj;jp
]fhj;> ]jfh> `pgj;> tuh]j;> tf;G> fghyj; Nghd;w gy mikg;Gf;fis
Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ.
! xU Njhou;> jhd; ~nry;te;jd; vd;gjdhy; jdJ nry;tq;fis Viofspd;
eyDf;fhf vOjptpl Kd;te;jhu;. mg;NghJ> egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> ,y;iy.
cd;Dila cwtpdu;fs; kw;wtu;fsplk; ifNae;Jtij tpl mtu;fs; Rakhf
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tho;tjw;fhf ckJ nry;tq;fis tpl;L itg;gNj Nky;| vd egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;. %d;wpy; ,U klq;F my;yJ ,uz;by; xU
klq;F ViofSf;nfd xJf;fyhkh vd mtu; Nfl;lNghJ> mJ kpff;
$LjyhdJ vd gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. %d;wpy; xU gFjpia jhdk; nra;ayhkh
vd Nfl;lNghJ> ey;yJ> mJTk; mjpfNk vdg; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. r%fj;jpy;
nry; t e; j u; f s; ,Uf; f Ntz; L nkd; g ij egp (]y; ) mtu; f s; ,q; F
typAWj;Jfpwhu;fs;.
! xU kdpjd; nry;tj;ijr; nrytopg;gjw;Fupa cupikiaAk;> r%f cWg;gpdu;
vd;w tifapy; r%fj;jpwF
; upa cupikiaAk; Vf fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;
tifapy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; nghUs;fis itj;jpUf;f mDkjpaspff ; pdw
; J.
! vdNt> kuzpj;jtupd; nrhj;ij thupRfSf;Fg; gfpu;e;jspf;Fk; KiwiaAk;
mNj Neuj;jpy; mjpf gl;rk; %d;wpnyhU gFjpia VidNahUf;F t]pa;aj;
nra;Ak; KiwiaAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. xUtiu
kw; n whUtu; nfhiy nra; j hy; nfhiy nra; a g; g l; l tupd; nrhj; j py;
nfhiyahspfF ; g; gq;fpyy
; hky; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,J nrhj;Jf;fhf nfhiy
nra;ag;gLtijj; jil nra;Ak; Xu; cj;jpahFk;. thupRfs; rpWtu;fshf
,Ug; g pd; mtu; f spd; gq; F k; gfpug; g l; L mtw; i wg; ghJfhg; g jw; f hd
topKiwfSk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
! kdpjd; nry;tk; Nru;gg
; ij ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; jil nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy;>
jtwhd topfSf;$lhf - ngha;> ngha;rr ; j;jpak;> Vkhw;W> gJf;fy;> ,yQ;rk;>
msit epWitfspy; FiwghL nra;jy;> tl;b vLj;jy;> #jhly;> kJ
Nghd;w Nghijg; nghUs;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> tpw;gid nra;jy; Nghd;w
topfspy; nry;tk; jpul;Ltij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fz;bj;jhu;fs;> jil
nra;jhu;fs;.
! ,tw;Wf;F cjhuzkhf rpy `jP];fis Nehf;FNthk;.
! `yhYk; njspthf cs;sJ> ùhKk; njspthf cs;sJ. Mdhy;>
,t; t puz; L f; F kpilNa re; N jfj; j pw; F upa rpy tplaq; f s; cs; s d.
re; N jfj; j pw; F upa ghtq; f spypUe; J tpyfpapUg; g td; fz; b g; g hfNt
tpyfpapUg; g hd; . re; N jfj; J f; F upa ghtq; f spy; JzpTld; <LgLgtd;
ntspg;gilahd ghtq;fspy; tPo;e;J tpl mjpf tha;g;Gz;L. ghtq;fs;
my;yh`;tpdhy; jilnra;ag;gl;l gFjpahFk;. jil nra;ag;gl;l gFjpfspy;
mUfpy; Nka;fpd;w gpuhzp mjDs; GFe;Jtpl mjpf tha;g;Gz;L (Gfhup)
! kf;fspilNa xU fhyk; tUk;. mg;NghJ kdpjd; jhd; <l;bait `yhyh
ùhkh vd;gijnay;yhk; nghUl;gLj;j khl;lhd; (Gfhup) ,J nghUshjhu
tplaq;fSf;F kl;Lkd;wp tho;tpd; vy;yhj; JiwfSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.
! xU K];ypk; tptrhak; nra;fpwhu;. my;yJ nrbfis eLfpwhu;. mjpypUe;J
gpuhzpfs; my;yJ gwitfs; VNjDk; rhg;gpl;lhy; $l mJ me;j egupd;
]jfhthf vOjg;gLk; (K];ypk;)
! Njitahd nghUs;fisg; gJf;fp itf;fhky; cupa Neuj;jpy; mtw;iw
mq;fhbf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;gtd; my;yh`;tpd; mUSf;F cupjj
; hdtdhthd;.
my;yh`; mtDf;F tho;thjhuj;ij toq;Fthd;. mtw;iwg; gJf;fp itg;gtd;
my;yh`;tpd; rhgj;Jf;F cupatdhthd; (,g;D kh[h)
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! gzpahsupd; tpau;it cyUKd; mtDila $ypiaf; nfhLj;JtpLq;fs;

(,g;D kh[h)
! tl;b thq;Fgtu;> tl;b nfhLg;gtu;> mt;tpUtUf;Fk; rhl;rpahf ,Ug;gtu;>
mjid vOJgtu; MfpNahu; kPJ egp (]y;) mtu;fs; rhgkpl;lhu;fs; (Gfhup)
! ,yQ;rk; thq;FgtUf;Fk;> ,yQ;rk; nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; my;yh`;tpd; rhgk;
cz;lhtjhf (Gfhup)
! ve;j kdpjDk; jdJ ifahy; cioj;J cz;Zk; czittpl cau;e;j
czit vd;WNk cz;ljpy;iy. my;yh`;tpd; J}ju; jhCj; (miy) jdJ
fuq;fshy; cioj;j czitNa cz;lhu;fs; (Gfhup)
! ,it midj;Jk; ehfupf tho;tpy; vq;Fk;> vg;NghJk; ,lk;ngWfpdw
; tptrhak;>
tpahghuk;> ifj;njhopy;> $yp Ntiy> mur gzp njhlu;ghd egp (]y;)
mtu;fspd; mwpTiufshFk;.
mofpay; :
! murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu tplaq;fs; Nghd;Nw ehfupfj;jpy;
mofpaYk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. mwG ehL ghiytdkhff; fhzg;gl;ljhYk;>
Vida ehfupfq;fspd; jhf;fj;Jf;F mit cl;glhikahYk; mq;F ftpij
,yf;fpak; kl;LNk mofpaYzu;tpd; ntspg;ghlhfj; njupe;jd. ,e;epiyapy;
egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; mofpaiyAk; Xu; mq;fkhf
mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. my;yh`; mofhdtd;> mtd; moif tpUk;Gfpwhd;
(K];ypk;) vd;w `jP]{f;$lhf ,jid tpsq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.
! xt;nthd;wpYk; moF tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ePq;fs; vijNaDk; nfhy;tjhf
,Ue;jhYk; $l mjid ,dpa Kiwapy; epiwNtw;Wq;fs; vd;Wk;> KOJk;
rupahf rkg;gLj;jg;glhj xU rkhjpapd; cl;gf;fk; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
ghu; i tf; F j; njd; g l; l NghJ mf; F iwia eptu; j ; j pf; F khW Nfl; L f;
nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,we;J NghdtUf;F mJ ed;ikNah> jPikNah tpisag;
Nghtjpy;iy. Mdhy; mjidg; ghu;;g;gtu;fSf;F mJ ,dpjhf ,Uf;Fk;
vd;w fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F Kjd; Kjyhf mikf;fg;gl;l kpk;gu;> khJsq;fdp
Nghd;w kuj;jhyhd ,U cUz;ilfshy; myq;fupf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ vd;Wk;>
mtw; i w vLj; J tpisahLtjpy; egp (]y; ) mtu; f spd; Nguu; f s;
,d;gq;fz;lhu;fs; vd;Wk; fyhepjp `kPJy;yh Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. moFf;fhfTk;
tpisahl;Lf;fhfTk; mikfpd;w Foe;ijfspd; nghk;ikfs;> nkj;ij
tpupg; G f; f is mzpnra; j y; Nghd; w tw; i w egp (]y; ) mtu; f s;
mDkjpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mwpT nrwpe;j ftpijfisAk;> nrhw;nghopthsupd;
trPfu ciufisAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpje;Jiuj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mg+
%]h my; m\;mup (uop) mtu;fs;> my;Fu;Mid mofhf XJk; NghJ
~ckf;F egp jhCj; (miy) mtu;fSila r%fj;jpd; Gy;yhq;Foy;fSs;
xd;W nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ| vdg; ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. my;Fu;Mid mofhf
Xjhjtu; vd;idr; rhu;e;jtuy;yu; (mg+ jht+j;) vdTk; $wpAs;shu;fs;.
! ,it midj;Jk; xU ehfupfj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
nrhy; y pa> nra; J fhl; b a rpy topKiwfshFk; . ~,q; f pUg; g tu; f s;
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,q;fpy;yhjtu;fSf;F ,jid mwpTAq;fs;| vd;w egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

$w;W (Fj;gJy; tpjh) tpupe;j fUj;JilaJ. ,jw;fg;ghYk; ehfupfk;
tsu;ff; g;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijg; nghjpe;Js;sJ. vdNtjhd; njhlu;eJ ;
Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; fhyj;jpYk;> cikah> mg;gh]pa fhyg;gFjpfspYk;
Nkw;$wpa mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; tsu;eN ; jhq;fpaJ.
mwpQu;fs;> rpe;jidahsu;fs;> ,yf;fpathjpfs;> Ma;thsu;fs;> nkhop
ngau;g;ghsu;fs;> fiyQu;fs;> Ml;rpahsu;fs; vd;w gyUk; mjpy; gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;jdu;. ,jdhy; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;rr; pfF
; tpjj
; pll
; J. kj;jpa fhyj;jpypUe;J
etPd fhyj;Jf;F topfhl;baJ vd;w tifapy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ]{d;dhtpd;
topapy; ,d;W tiu eilNghLfpd;wJ.
rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;F
xU ehfupfj;jpy; tho;eJ; nfhz;bUf;Fk; r%fk; jpir jpUk;ghky; ,Ug;gjw;F
rl;lk; kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; \uPMvd;w xU
rl;l kuig Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ. r%fj;jpd; vy;yh tptfhuq;fSk; mjd;
mbg;gilapNyNa efu;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,jw;F mbj;jskpl;ltu;fs;
vd;wtifapy; egp(]y;) mtu;fspd; ]{d;dh mjpf gq;fspg;igr; nra;Js;sJ.
ehfupfk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; Njitahd
topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpd. my;Fu;Md; toq;fpa rl;lq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf
egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; rl;lq;fis Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;whu;fs;. my;Fu;Md;
kidtpapd; jhia kzKbf;f jilnra;fpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
kidtpapd; rpw;wd;idiaAk; kzKbf;f jil nra;jhu;fs;. my;Fu;Md;
tiuaWj;Jf; $whjtw;iw tiuaWj;jhu;fs;. jpUl;Lf;fhd jz;lid fuj;ijj;
Jz;bg;gJ vd;w my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lj;jpw;F if vd;gJ kzpf;fl;Ltiuapyhd
gFjp vd tiuaiw nra;jhu;fs;.
NkYk;> ,];yhj;jpd; xU nraw;ghL mq;fPfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhapd; mjid
my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;Nwy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mq;fPfupf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,jidj;jhd; cq;fSf;F ~,uz;il tpl;Lr; nry;fpNwd;| vd
mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;;fs;. ,[;jp`hj; fhz;gjw;F my;Fu;Midg; Nghd;Nw
]{d;dhTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nrd;w NghJ Kd;itj;j ~kjPdh
rhrdk;| ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd njhU rl;l rhrdkhFk;. egp
(]y;) mtu;fs; KMj; (uop) mtu;fis akDf;F mDg;gpa NghJ mtuplk;
Nfl; f g; g l; l tpdhf; f Sk; > mjw; F mtu; f s; nfhLj; j tpilfSk;
rl;lthf;fj;Jf;fhd mbg;gil tpjpfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltdthf cs;sd.
,t;thW ntt;NtW tbtq;fspy; ]{d;dh rl;lthf;fj;Jf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;Js;sJ.
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Nju; r ; r p 3.0 : my;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

tsu; r ; r paile; j fiyfis mwpe; J mtw; w pd;
Njhw; w j; J f; F VJtha; mike; j fhuzpfis
tpgupg; g hu;
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 3.1> 3.2 : jg;]Pu; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;
ghlNtis : 30
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! jg;]Pu; vd;w gjj;ij tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mjhuq;fSld; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

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$Wthu;.
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fhyfl;lj;jpYk; Njhd;wpa jg;]Pu;fisAk;> Kg];]puPd;fisAk;
gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

! \uPMtpd; gpujhd %yhjhukhf my;Fu;Md; tpsq;FfpwJ.
! My;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;fhd tpsf;fTiuiaf; Fwpf;Fk; gjkhf ‘jg;]Pu;’
tpsq;FfpwJ.
! ‘yp]hDy; mwg;’, ‘my;-fh%];’ vDk; mfuhjpfs; jg;]Ph; vDk; gjk; nkhop
uPjpapy; njsptw;w xU tplaj;ij tpsf;fg;gad;gLk; thh;ji
; jg; gpuNahfkhff;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.
! \uPMtpd; ghu;itapy; jg;]Pu; vd;gJ my;FH;Mdpd; nrhw;fis nkhopAk;
tpjk;> mit Rl;Lk; tplaq;fs;> mit jdpahfTk; njhFg;ghfTk; Fwpj;J
epw;Fk; rl;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iw MuhAk; fiyiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wnjd ,khk;
mG+à;ahd; my;md;jY}]p (u`;) Fwpgg ; pLfpdw; hh;.; my;FH;Md; trdq;fSf;F
tsq;fg;gLk; tpsf;fk;> mjd; rl;lq;fisAk; EZf;fq;fisAk; njspTg;gLj;Jk;
El;gKiwiaf; FwpjJ ; epwf; pwJ vd ,khk; ]h;f\P (u`;) Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpdw; hu;.
my; F H; M d; ,wq; f pa Kiw> mjd; Nehf; f k; > tuyhw; W g; gpd; d zp>
,wq;fpaikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;> kf;fp kjdp xOq;fikg;G> K`;fk;> Kj\hgp`>;
eh]pf; kd;]{f;> `yhy; ùhk;> Kj;yf; Kfa;aj; Mfpa tplaq;fis
tpsf;FtijNa jg;]Ph; vd;w gjk; Fwpj;J epw;f ; pd;wJ vd ,khk; [yhYj;jd P ;
m];]{A+jp (u`;) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,khk; ]u;f]p> ,khk; `{i]d; j`gp
Nghd;wtu;fs;;@ ‘jg;]Ph;’ vd;gJ kdpj rf;jpf;F Vw;g my;Fh;Md; trdq;fspd;
fUj;Jf;fs; mtw;wpD}lhf my;yh`;tpd; Nehf;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iw tpsf;Fjy;>
mtw;Wld; njhlh;Ggl;l midj;ijAk; cs;slf;Fk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
,khk; ,g;D M\{u; mtu;fspd; fUj;jpd; gb> my;Fu;Mid Ma;T nra;Ak;
xUtu; my;Fu;Mdpd; nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kd;itf;Fk; tpsf;fk; kw;Wk;;
mjD}lhfj; jhd; tpsq;fpa tplaq;fisr; RUf;fkhfNth my;yJ tpupthfNth
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Kd;itf;Fk; Kiwik Mfpa tw;iw jg;]Ph; vd;w gjk; Fwpj;J epw;fpwJ

vd;fpwhu;.
! jg;]Pu; vDk; nrhy;iyg; Nghd;Nw j/tPy; vDk; nrhy;Yk; my;Fu;Md;
tpsf;fTiuAld; njhlu;GgLfpwJ.
! ,khk; jgup (u`;) mtu;fs; ‘jg;]uP ’; > ‘j/tPy’; Mfpa ,U nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSk;

xNu fUj;Jilait vdf; fUJfpd;whu;. ,jw;F ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop)
mtu;fSf;fhf egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gpuhh;jj ; pjj
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nfhLg;ghahf) vd;w `jPi] Mjhukhff; nfhs;fpwhu;
! ,];yhkpar; rpe;jidfs; jdpf;fiyfshf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L mfPjh kw;Wk;

c]{y;fs; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs; ju;f;fuPjpahf Kd;nkhopag;gl;lNghJ
j/tPy; vd;w gjKk; gpuNahfj;jpw;F te;jJ. gpw;fhy mwpQh;fs; my;Fu;Md;
tplaj;jpy; upthaj;jf;fs; ,d;wp Kd;itf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fis j/tPy; vd;w
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;fpdu;. me;jtifapy; etPdfhy mwpQu;fs;> xU
nrhy;ypd; nghUis mjd; Neub tpsf;fj;jpid tpLj;J mjd; vjph;kiw
nghUSf;F NtnwhU thrfj;jpd; JizAld; tpsf;Ftij j/tPy; vd;w
gjk; Fwpj;J epw;gjhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdu;.
jg;]Pu; fiy Njhw;wk;
! jg;]Ph;f; fiyapd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; mjd; tsu;r;rpiaAk; 5 fl;lq;fshf

tFj;J tpsq;f KbAk;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyk;
! my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;fhd tpsf;fk; (jg;]Ph;) $Wk; Kiw> Kjy;

Kiwahf t`p ,wq;fpaJld; Muk;gkhdJ. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtH;fs;
%ykhfNt my;FHMd; cyFf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;w tifapy;> mtH;fs;
mjid KOikahf kddkplTk;> XJk; Kiwapidj; njupe;J nfhs;sTk;>
mtw;wpd; njspTfisg; ngwTk; my;yh`;tpdhy; topfhl;lg;gl;lhh;fs; vd
my;Fu;Md; (my;fpahkh:17-19) Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
! mjd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; rl;l xOq;FfisAk; jkJ Njhou;fSf;F egp

(]y;) mth;fs; njspTgLj;Jk; Kjy; ‘Kg];]pu;’ Mff; fhzg;gl;lhu;fs;.
mt; t hW nra; A khW my; y h`; mth; f Sf; F f; fl; l isapl; b Ue; ; j hd; .
(me;e`;y;:44)
! K`k; k J (]y; ) mth; f s; my; F u; M dpd; midj; J trdq; f Sf; F k;

tpsf;fkspj;Js;shh;;fs; vd ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah (u`;) (fp.gp.1263-1328)
Fwpg; g pLfpd; w hh; > vdpDk; my; F h; M dpd; rpy gFjpfSf; F kl; L Nk
tpsf;fkspj;Js;shh;fs; vd ,khk; [yhYj;jPd; m];]{A+jp njuptpf;fpd;whh;.
! egpj; N jhou; f spd; fhyk;
www.nie.lk -48-
info@nie.lk
! K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dh; my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis

Gupe;J nfhs;tjpy; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ egpj;Njhou;fs;
mjw;fhd tpsf;fq;fis Kd;itj;jdh;. vdpDk;> egpj;Njhou;fs; midtUk;
my; F h; M id tpsq; F tjpy; xNu juj; j py; ,Uf; f tpy; i y. mjid
tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjpy; mth;fspd; mwpT kl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g tpj;jpahrq;fs;
fhzg;gl;ld. my;Fh;Md; KOtjw;Fkhd tpsf;fk; njupAk; vd vtUk;
jq;fis milahsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
! egpj; Njhoh;fs; my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Ftjw;F gpd;tUk; topKiwfis

ifahz;Ls;sdh;.
1. my;Fh;Mid my;Fh;Md; %yk; tpsq;Fjy; (K[;ky;-Kg];]y;> Kj;yf; -

Kfa;aj; njsptpy;yhj trdq;fis xd;W jpul;b tpsq;Fjy;> my;Fh;Md;
Xjg;gLfpd;w Kiwia mtjhdpj;J tpsq;Fjy;)
2. K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fsplk; Nfl;Lj; njhpe;Jf;nfhs;sy;> Rd;dhtpd;
Jiznfhz;L my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Fjy;
3. ,[;jp`hjpd; %yk; my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Fjy;
! egpj;Njhoh;fspy;; jg;]Ph;j;Jiw Mrpupah;fs;
! egpj;Njhou;fspy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wk; tifapy; my;Fu;MDf;F tpsf;fk;

mspf;Fk; gyu; ,Ue;jdu;. mth;fSs; mG+gf;u; (wop)> cku; (wop)> c];khd;
(wop)> myp (wop)> ,g;D k];Cj; (wop)> ,g;D mg;gh]; (wop)> cig gpd;
f/g; (wop)> i]j; gpd; ]hgpj; (wop)> mG+ %]h my; m\;mup (wop)
MfpNahu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fshtu;. ,tu;fs; jtpu NtW egpj;Njhou;fSk;
jg; ] P u ; j ; Jiwapy; <Lgl; L s; s du; . vdpDk; > mth; f sJ gq; f spg; G
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lth;fspd; gq;fspg;igtplf; FiwthdjhFk;.; mth;fSs; md];
gpd; khypf; (wop)> Map\h (wop)> mG+ `{iuuh(wop)> mg;Jy;yh`; gpd;
Righ; (wop)> [hgph; ,g;D mg;Jy;yh`; (wop)> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;h;
,g;D M]; (wop) MfpNahh; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fshth;;.
! egpj;Njhou;fspd;; jg;]Pu;j; Jiwg; gzpfs; - xU kjpg;gPL. egpj;Njhou;fspd;;

jg;]Pu;f; fUj;Jf;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsf;Ftjpy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid
tfpf; f pd; w d.mtu; f spd; jg; ] P h ; fUj; J f; f s; jg; ] P h ; gpy; k/#h; vd;
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,khk; `hfpk; (u`;)mth;fs; egpj; Njhou;fspd;
jg;]uP j
; ; Jiwf; fUj;Jf;fs; ku;G+/ juj;ij Nru;ej ; it vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
NkYk;> my;Fu;Mdpd; tpsf;fq;fis ,uz;L tifapy; Nehf;fKbAk;. Kjy;
tif> my;Fu;Md; trdq;fisf; nfhz;Nl tpsq;f KbAkhdit. ,uz;lhk;
tif> egp (]y;) mtu;fspdJk; Njhou;fspdJk; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L
tpsq;f KbAkhdit. ,e;jtifapy; Nehf;Fkplj;J egpj;Njhou;;fspd;
fUj;Jf;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsf;Ftjpy; ghupastpyhd gq;fspg;igr;
nra;Js;sd. ,f;fUj;jpid; ,khk; ru;f]p (u`;) “my; Gu;`hd; gP cY}kpy;
Fu;Md;” vDk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik ftdpf;fjf;fJ. mjd;gb>
www.nie.lk -49-
info@nie.lk
1. egpj; Njhou;fs; my;Fu;Md; KOtjw;Fk; tpsf;fk; $wtpy;iy. tpsq;f

Kbahj trdq;fSf;F kl;LNk tpsf;fk; mspj;Js;sdu;. mjhtJ> K`k;kj;
(]y;) mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd; vOe;j Gjpa rthy;fs;> gpur;rpidfs;
Mfpatw; i wj; jP u ; g ; g jw; F ,[; j p`hjpd; Clhff; fUj; J f; f is
Kd;itj;Js;sdu;.
2. my; F u; M dpy; tpsq; f Kbahjit vdr; Rl; b f; f hl; l g; g l; l it kpfTk;

mupjhditahFk;.
3. egpj; Njhou; f Sf; F my; F u; M id Mokhf tpsq; f Ntz; b a

NjitNaw;gltpy;iy. vdNt> nghJthfTk; RUf;fkhfTk; mjpfkhd
gFjpfis tpsq;fpapUe;jdu;.
4. \uPM rl;l tpjpfs; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs; Kuz;ghLfs; ,tu;fsplk;

kpfTk; mupjhfNt ,Ue;Js;sd. mtu;fs; ,];yhkpaf; nfhs;ifapy;
nfhz; b Ue; j gw; W ,jw; F f; fhuzkhFk; . fUj; J Kuz; g hLfs;
egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyj;jpd; gpd;dNu tsh;r;rp fz;ld.
5. egpj; Njhou; f spd; fhyg; g Fjpapy; jg; ] P u ; j ; njhlu; g hd fUj; J f; f s;

njhFf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;ftpy;iy. jg;]Pu;j; njhFg;G Kiw `p[;up ,uz;lhk;
E}w;whz;bNyNa Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. vdpDk;> ,g;D mg;gh]; (wop)> myp(wop)
MfpNahuplk; jg;]uP ; fUj;Jf;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. gpwg ; l;l fhyg;gFjpapy;
\PM gpuptpdu; mjid my;Fu;Mdpd; xU topKiwahff; fUjpdu;. (,g;D
mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fspd; jg;]Pu;f; fUj;Jf;fs;> gpw;fhyj;jpy; my;-ig&];
Mghjp (u`;) mtu;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.)
6. egpj; Njhou;fspd; fhyg;gFjpapy; jg;]Pu; vd;gJ `jP];fspd; xU

mq;fkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. jg;] ; U
P f;n
; fd jdpahd newpKiw fhzg;gltpyi; y.
jg;]Pu;f; fUj;Jf;fs; ahTk; xU xOq;fpy; ,Uf;fTkpy;iy. khwhf mit
rpy my; F u; M d; trdq; f Sf; f hd fUj; J f; f shfNt fhzg; g l; l d.
cjhuzkhf> njhOif gw;wpa `jP];fs; njhFf;fg;gLk; NghJ mtw;wpy;
jg;]Pu; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fSk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUg;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.
jhgp<d; f spd; fhyk;
! egpj;Njhou;fisj; njhlu;e;J jhgp<d;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsq;FtjpYk;>

tpsf;FtjpYk; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fsJ
kuzj;jpd; gpd; Rkhu; xU E}w;whz;Ltiu egpj;Njhou;fs; ,];yhkpa
nfhs;ifg; gpurhuj;jpd; %yk; mjpfkhd gpuNjrq;fis ,];yhkpa murpd;
fPo; nfhz;Lte;jdu;. ,g;gpuNjrq;fspy; kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;Fk; r%f> murpay;>
nghUshjhu rthy;fs;> gpur;rpidfs; Mfpatw;iwj; jPu;g;gjw;F my;Fu;Md;
kw;Wk; `jPi] topahff; nfhz;bUe;jdh;. mtw;wpy; njspT fpilf;fhj
NghJ egpj;Njhou;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis ehbdu;. mjpYk; Nghjpastpyhd
njsptpidg; ngWtjw;F KbahjNghJ> ,[;jp`hij cj;jpahff; ifahz;L
jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jdh;.
www.nie.lk -50-
info@nie.lk
! ,];yhkpa muR tpupthd epyg;gug;igj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L te;j NghJ

egpj; Njhou;fs; jhk; Rke;Js;s Gdpj jPDy; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;ifiag;
Nghjpg;gjw;Fr; nrhe;j ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpr;nrd;wdu;;. me;j
,lq;fspy; ,];yhj;ijAk; my;Fu;MidAk; Nghjpj;J te;jdh;. mj;jF
re;ju;gg
; q;fspy; jg;]uP ; tFg;Gf;fis gy efuq;fspy; Njhw;Wtpjj
; dh;. mtw;wpd;
Mrpupah;fshf egpj; Njhou;fNs fhzg;gl;ldu;. jhgp<d;fs; mtu;fspd;
khztu;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. mt;tFg;Gf;fs;; gpujhd efuq;fis ikag;gLj;jp
mike;jpUe;jd. mtw;Ws; gpugy;ak; ngw;w jg;]Pu; rpe;jidf; FOf;fshfg;
gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
1. kf;fhit ikakhff; nfhz;l jg;]Pu; tFg;G
2. kjPdhit ikakhff; nfhz;l jg;]Pu; tFg;G
3. <uhf;if ikakhff; nfhz;l jg;]Pu; tFg;G
! kf;fhtpy; ,lk;ngw;W te;j jg;]Pu; tFg;gpd; Kjy;tuhf mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D

mg;gh]; (wop) mth;fs; fhzg;gl;lhh;. mtuplk; ]<j; ,g;D [{igh; (wop)>
K[h`pj;> ,f;upkh - (,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fspd; Nrtfu;)> jhT+];
,g;D if]hdpy; akhdp> mjh/ ,g;D MG+ ugh`h (u`;) MfpNahu;
fw; W te; j dh; . ,th; f Sf; F my; F h; M dpd; nrhw; g puNahfk; > mit
,wq;fpaikf;fhd fhuzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
vOjg;glhj ghlj;jpl;lk; xd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;gh]; (wop) mtu;fsplk;;
fw;Fk; khztu;fs; jhk; mwpe;J nfhz;l fUj;Jf;fis mg;gh]; (wop)
,lk; fw;Wf;nfhz;ljhff; Fwpgg ; plL
; gpwUf;F mwptpgg
; hh;fs;. ,q;F jhgp<d;fs;
,];dhj; njhlUld; jhk; tpsq;fpa fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;Fk; gof;fj;ijf;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
! kjPdhtpy; epiwa egpj;Njhoh;fs; ,Ue;jikahy; Vida efuq;fistpl
,q;F jg;]Pu;j;Jiw tsu;tjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghL mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
jhgp<d;fs; gpw ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W jg;]uP ; tpsf;fq;fs; ngwNtz;ba mtrpak;
Muk;g fl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,];yhkpa r%f mikg;Gf;fhd mbj;jsk;
kjPdhtpy; ,lg;gl;lJ vd;wtifapy; kjPdhtpy; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fspd;
fUj;Jf;fis egpj;Njhoh;;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ ,yFthf
,Ue;jikAk; ,q;F ,j;Jiw tsu;r;rpailaf; fhuzkhapw;W. kjPdhtpy;
,aq;fpa jg;]Pu; tFg;G> cig gpd; f/g; (wop) mtu;fspd; jiyikapy;
eilngw;W te;jJ. ,jpy; %j;j ]`ghf;fSk; ,isa jhgp<d;fSk;
gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,tu;fspy; i]j; ,g;D m];yk;> mGy; Mypah> K`k;kj;
,g;D f/gp my; Fuop (u`;) Mfpa %tUk; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshff;
fhzg;gl;ldu;.
! <uhf; Muk;gfhy ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;; kpf Kf;fpa gpuNjrkhf tpsq;fpaJ.
,q;F $gh> g]uh Mfpa efuq;fs; fy;tp Nkk;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fshff;
fhzg;gl;ld. ,];yhk; mwpKfkhdNtisapy; kf;fspd; mwpT tpUj;jpapy;
,];yhkpar; rpe;jidfs; ghupa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.; ,g;D k];Cj;
(wop) mtu;fs; fypgh cku; (wop) mtu;fshy; murpd; gpujpepjpahfTk;>
MrpupauhfTk; $gh gpuNjrj;Jf;F epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. ,g;D k];Cjpd;
www.nie.lk -51-
info@nie.lk
mwpTk; jpwikAk;; kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ghupa khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.

me;jtifapy; ,g;D k];Cj; (wop) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; jg;]Pu; tFg;Gf;fis
Muk;gpj;j Kjy; kdpjuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. nghJthf $gh kf;fs; rpe;jdh
uPjpahf gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhz;gjpy; gpurpj;jp; ngw;wpUe;jdu; vd;w
tifapy; mtu;fspd; rpe;jidf; fpsuy;fis xUKfg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,g;D
k];Cj; (wop) mtu;fs;; ghupastpyhd gq;fspg;gpidr; nra;Js;shu;.; mtuJ
jg;]Puj
; ; Jiwg; ghriwapy;; tsu;ej
; tu;fshf my;fkh ,g;D if];> k];&f;>
my; m];tj;; ,g;D> Kuj;Jy; `kjhdp> Mkpu; ]_/gp> `]Dy; g]up>
fj;jhjh ,g;D jpMkh (u`;) MfpNahu;; fhzg;gl;ldu;;.
! jhgp<d;fspd; jg;]Pu;g; gz;Gfs;- jhgp<d;fspd; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; jg;]Pu;

gpyk
; /#u;> jg;]uP ; gpuu; /ap Mfpa ,U tifahd tbtq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd.
,f;fhyj; jg;]uP ; Mrpupau;fspd; tpsf;fq;fspypUe;J %d;W tifahd gz;Gfis
mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.
1. Gjpjhf ,];yhj;ij Vw;wtu;fspy; mNefu; A+j> fpwp]j

; t rkar; rpej
; idiaf;
nfhz;ltu;fshf ,Ue;jikahy; mtu;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsq;Fk; NghJk;
gpwUf;F Kd;itf;Fk; NghJk; mtu;fspd; ,ay;G epiyapypUf;Fk; rka>
tuyhw;W epfo;Tfisj; Jizahff;nfhz;L tpsf;f Kide;jdu;. ,jdhy;
,];uh<ypa;aj;Jf;fs; jg;]Phpy; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpd.
2. jg;]uP ; tFg;Gf;fspd; Njhw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf jg;]uP ; tpsf;fq;fs jhgp<d;fspd;

rPlu;fspdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L mLj;jtUf;F mwptpg;Gr; nra;ag;gLk; Kiw
tsu;e;jJ. ,q;F %d;W gpujhd ]`hghf;fspd; jiyikapy; %d;W
efuq;fspy; jg;]Pu; rpe;jidg;; gpupTfs; Njhw;wk; ngw;W tsu;e;jd. ,jdhy;
%d;W gpuNjrj; jg;]Pu;fspd; Nghf;FfspYk;; ghupasT tpj;jpahrq;fs;
fhzg;gLfpwd.
3. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; mfPjhtpy; Kuz;gl;l rpe;jidfspd; Njhw;wKk; jg;]Piu

ikagLj;jp; Njhd;wpapUe;jik kw;WnkhU Kf;fpa tpla khFk;. cjhuzkhf>
fjhjh (wop) mtu;fspd;; jg;]Pu; tpsf;fq;fs; “foh fj;u;” njhlu;ghf
mike;jjhy; mtu; fjhpa;ahg; gpupitr; Nru;e;jtu; vd Cfpf;Fk; epiy
cUthdJ.
jgcj; j hgp<d; f s; fhyk;

! jg;]Pu; E}yhf;fk;: `p[;hp Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjp fhyg;gpuptpy; jg;]Pu;
fUj;Jf;fs; E}y; tbtk; ngw Muk;gpj;jd. ,khk; ]<j; gpd; [_igh;
mth;fspd; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; Kjd; Kjypy; E}yhf;fk; ngw;wd. vdpDk;
`p[;hp 90 ,y; kuzpj;j mGy; Mypah vd;gtUf;Fupa jg;]Pu;jhd; Kjypy;
E}y; cUg;ngw;wJ vd;w fUj;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
! `p[;hp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; xd;W Nrh;f;Fk; gzp

ghupastpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mitfs; `jP]; njhFg;Gfspy; Nru;e;J
fhzg;gl;ld. ,g;D `h&d; m];]ykP> \p/gj; ,g;D `[;[h[;> tfP/
www.nie.lk -52-
info@nie.lk
,g;D [u;uh`;> ,g;D cghjh my;g]up> mg;Ju;u];]hf; ,g;D `k;khk;

MfpNahu; ,jpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;shu;fs;.
! `p[;hp %d;whk; E}w;whz;by; ju;jPg; jpyhtjpy; Fu;Md; xOq;fpy; jg;]Pu;

fUj;Jf;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld. ,jpy; ,khk; ,g;D kh[h(`p: 273)> ,khk;
jgup (`p:310)> ,khk; ,g;D mgP `hjpk; (`p:327); Nghd;Nwhh; <Lgl;bUe;jdh;.
! ,f;fhy jg;]Pu; Mrpupah;fs; gy tplaaq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdh;.

" ]yGfspd; tpsf;fq;fSf;F Kuz;glhj tifapy; tpsf;fpdu;.
" trdq;fSf;F K`k;kj; (]y;)> ]`hghf;fs;> jhgp<d;fs; Kd;itj;j
tpsf;fq;fis Muha;e;J cWjpg;gLj;jpdu;.
" jj;jkJ murpay;> rkaf; nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; gpupe;J mjw;FupathW
ek; g fj; j d; i kaw; w `jP ] ; f s; > fUj; J f; f s; %yk; tpsf; f q; f is
Kd;itg;gjpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;
" gy nkhop NgRNthh; ,];yhj;ij Vw;wpUe;j NghJ J}a muG nkhopapd;
nry;thf;F ,oe;J fhzg;gl;lJ. mtw;iw ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nray; jpwd;.
! 3- 14k; E}w;whz;L tiu ntspte;j jg;]Ph;fs;
,f;fhy gpuptpy; ntspte;j jg;]Pu;fs; ngUk;ghyhdit “ jg;]Ph; gpy;k/#h;”
jg;]Pu; gph;u/ap tiffisr; rhh;e;jitahfNt fhzg;gl;ld. gpd;tUk;
jg;]Pu;fs; jg;]Ph; gpy;k/#h; tifapy; gpugy;akhditfs;:
1. [hkpcy; gahd; gp jg;]Pupy; Fu;Md;- ,khk; jgup (u`;)

2. g`;Uy; cY}k; - ,khk; ]ku;fe;jp (u`;)
3. jg;]PUy; Fu;Mdpy; moPk; - ,khk; ,g;D f]Pu; (u`;)
4. mj;Ju;Uy; kd;]{u; gpj;jg;]Pupy; k/R+u; - ,khk; [yhYj;jPd;
m];]{A+jp (u`;)
5. my;[th`pUy; `p]hd; gp jg;]Pupy; Fu;Md; - ,khk; mg;Ju; u`;khd;
m];]/ygp (u`;)
6. my; Kù;uUy; t[P]; gp fpjhgpy; m]P]; - ,khk; ,g;D mjpa;ah (u`;)
! mj;jgup (u`;) mtu;fspd; jg;]Pu; E}Ny “[hkpcy; gahd; gP jg;]Pupy;
Fu;Md;”; MFk;. ,tu; tuyhw;Wj;Jiwapd; je;ijahf fUjg;gLtJ NghyNt
jg;]Pu; Jiwapd; je;ijahfTk; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. ,g;D `y;ypfhd; (u`;)
(fp.gp. 1211-1282) mtu;fs; ,tu; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ” ,khk; jgup
mtu; f s; K[; j `pJfspy; xUtu; kl; L kd; w p> ve; j nthU ,khikAk;
gpdg; w;whjtu;”; vd;fpwhu;. ,tUf;nfd;W jg;]uP ; Jiwapy; jdpahd Nghf;Fz;L.
mtiur; #o mwpQu; Fonthd;W fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.mf;FOtpdu; “[uPupa;A+d;”
vdr; rpwg;gpj;J miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.
! ,khk; jgup (u`; ) mtu; f spd; jg; ] P u ; midj; J jg; ] P u ; f Sf; F k;

Kjd;ikahdJ. jg;]uP ; jgupiag; Nghy NtW ve;jnthU E}Yk; ,j;Jiwapy;
njhFf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gjpy; ,];yhkpa r%fk; xd;Wgl;bUf;fpwJ vd
,khk; ettp (u`;) (fp;.gp; 1235) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
! ,khk; jgup (u`;) mtu;fs; ntWk; rpe;jdh uPjpahf kl;Lk; my;Fu;Mid

tpsf;f Kw;gLtij kWf;fpdw; hu;. Vnddpy>; my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;Fk; ajhu;jj
;
www.nie.lk -53-
info@nie.lk
G+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;f Kd;> mJ ,wq;fpa fhyg;gFjpfF ; upa kf;fspd;

gpd;dzp gw;wpa mwpT mtrpak; vd;Wk; mjw;F Kiwahd ]yGfspd;
fUj;Jf;fs; mtrpak; vd;Wk; typAWj;Jfpd;whu;.
! ,khk; jgup (u`;) mtu;fspd; jg;]uP ; Ehiy ,yf;fz tpjpfis Kd;itf;Fk;
E}yhfTk; ghu;ff
; KbAnkd ,yf;fz ty;Ydu;fs; Fwpgg ; pLfpdw
; du;. ,j;jg;]uP ;
,yf;fz tpjpfSld; kl;Lk; epWj;jpf;nfhs;shJ ,yf;fpa eaq;fisAk;
nkhopg; gpuNahfq;fisAk; Jy;ypakhf vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. NkYk>; ,khk;
jgup (u`;) mtu;fs;; gpf;`; fiy njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fisAk; Ma;T
nra;fpd;whu;.
jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tYtpoe;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;

jg;]uP ; gpy; k/#u; tifahd tpsf;fq;fSf;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l `jP]f; spy>;
rpyNghJ K`k;kj; (]y;)> Njhou;fs;>; jhgp<d;fs; MfpNahupd; fUj;Jf;fspy;
gytPdkhd epiy fhzg;gLtJ Ma;TG+u;tkhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,g;gytPdj;Jf;fhd fhuzpfis gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
m. mjpfkhd Gide;Jiufs; Nru;f;fg;gl;lik
M. murpay; uPjpapyhd gpsTfs;
,. ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; rjp Kaw;rp
<. ,];uh<ypa;aj;Jf;fs; Eioe;jik
c. ,];dhJfs; Jz;bf;fg;gl;L kjd; khj;jpuk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lik
jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap my; k`;%j;
my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;F”,[;jp`hj;” %yk; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; tpsf;fj;ij
Fwpg;gjw;F jg;]Pu; fiyapd; gz;ghl;bYs;s thu;j;ijg; gpuuNahfk; jg;]Pu;
gpu;u/ap vd;gjhFk;. ,t;tif tpsf;fq;fs; Kw;whf jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk; Vw;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,Utiff; fUj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
! jg;]Pu; njhlu;ghd mwptpg;Gf;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapypUe;Nj jg;]Pu;
gpu;u/ap tifahd jg;]Pu;fSk; vOjg;gl;ld. mit xt;nthd;wpdJk;
Nghf;FfSk; jg;]uP ; Mrpupau;fspd; rpej
; idfSf;F Vw;g tpjj; pahrg;gLfpdw ; d.
mt;tf;fhy r%fr; #oYf;fhd topfhl;ly;fshfTk;> r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj;
Jy;ypakhf jPu;j;J itg;gjw;F cjTk; tifapYk; mit fhzg;gl;ld.
vdpDk;> mitahTk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sdth vd Nehf;Fk; NghJ> ,];yhkpa
cyfk; mit midj;ijAk; ghJfhg;gjpy; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy vd;gJ
GydhfpwJ. mjdhy; gy mwpTg; nghf;fprkhd jg;]uP ; E}y;fs; mopeJ ; tpll
; d.
,t;tifj; jg;]Pu; Ehy;fspy; gpd;tUk; jg;]Pu;fs; kl;LNk thrpf;ff;
fpilf;fpd;wd. mitahtd>
1. kghjp`_y; ifg; - ,khk; gf;Uj;jPd; mu;uh]p (u`;)

2. md;thUj;jd;]Py; tm];uhUj; j/tPy; - ,khk; igohtp (u`;)
3. kjhupFj;jd;]Py; t`fh,fj; j/tPy; - ,khk; md;dp];gp (u`;)
4. YghGj; j/tPy; gp kMdpj; jd;]Py; - ,khk; my; fh]pd; (u`;)
5. my;g`;Uy; K`Pj;- ,khk; mG+ à;ahd; (u`;)
6. fuh,Gy; Fu;Md; tufh,Gy; Gu;fhd; - ,khk; ie]hG+up (u`;)
www.nie.lk -54-
info@nie.lk
7. jg;]Pu; [yhiyd;-,khk; [yhYj;jPd; k`y;yp> [yhYj;jPd;

m];]{A+jp(u`;)
8. m];]uh[_y; KdPu; - ,khk; m];]u;gPdp (u`;)

9. ,u;]hJy; mf;yp]; ]yPk; ,yh k]hah my;fpjhgpy; fuPk; -
,khk; mG+ ]/j; (u`;)
10. &`{y; kMdp - ,khk; MY}]p (u`;)

! mj;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/apy; kj;%k;;: jg;]Pu;f; fiy tsh;r;rpapy;; gFj;jwpit
kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jp tpsf;Fk; KiwAk;> gFj;jwpTld; Kd;idatu;fspd;
fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L tpsf;Fk; KiwAk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. gFj;jwpT
thjj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Kd;Dupik nfhLj;J khu;f;fj;ij tpsf;f Kw;gl;l NghJ
gy Nfhl;ghl;L uPjpapyhd Gjpa fUj;Jf;fs; cUntLj;jd. mtw;iw
epWTtjw;F Clfkhf my;Fu;Midg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. mtw;wpy; K/j]pyh
kw;Wk; \PM rpe;jid jg;]Ph;fs; Kf;fpakhditfshFk;.
jg;]Ph; #gp: j]t;Tg; vd;gJ cyfg; gw;ww;w tho;itAk; ghtq;fspypUe;J

jtpue; J
; (Md;kfP ) my;yh`;it Nerpgg; ijAk; FwpfF
; k;. ,r;rpej
; idg; Nghf;F
,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhyk; Kjy; tof;fpypUe;J te;Js;sJ. `p[;up 2k;
E}w;whz;by; mG+ `h\pk; (fp.gp. 771) vd;gtu; ,jid xU Nfhl;ghlhf
Kd;itj;jhu;. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;il gpd;gw;WNthu; #gp vDk; ngau;nfhz;L
miof;fg;gl;ldu;. ,jd; gpd;du; ,Jgw;wpa fUj;Jf;fSk; Ma;T Kaw;rpfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; jdpj;Jtkhd Jiwahf j]t;Tg; tsu Muk;gpj;jJ.
gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; j]t;Tg; vDk; ngaupy; jtwhd Jwtwg; Nghf;Fk;>
gpioahd gpd;gw;wy; KiwfSk; cUntLj;jNjhL J}a;ikahd #gp
rpe;jidapd; Nghf;fpy; gpw kjq;fspdJk; rpj;jhe;jq;fspdJk; Nfhl;ghLfs;
Eioa Muk;gpjj ; d. ,jdbg;gilapy; j]t;Tg; Nfhl;ghl;il ,U tifg;gLj;jp
Nehf;f KbAk;.
1. j]t;Tg; eo;hp;: mwpTG+u;tkhd j]t;Tg; rpe;jid
2. j]t;Tg; mkyp: nraw;wpwd; kpf;f j]t;Tg; rpe;jid
#gp rpe; j idapd; mbg; g ilapy; te; j jg; ] P u ; f spy; gpd; t Utd
Kf;fpakhditfshFk;
! fuh,Gy; Fu;Md; - ,khk; me;ie]hG+up (u`;)

! &`_y; kMdp - ,khk; MY}]p (u`;)
! jg;]PUy; Fu;Mdpy; moPk; - ,khk; J\;jup (u`;)
! my;-g]{]; - ,khk; ,g;D mugp (u`;)
! `fh,Fj; jg;]Pu;- mg+ mg;Ju; u`;khd; m];]kp (u`;)
! fuh,Ry; gahd; - mG+ K`k;kJ ]Puh]; (u`;)
! mj;j/tPyhj; e[;kpa;ah- e[;Kj;jPd; jhaj;
gpf;`; Jiwj; jg;]Pu;fs;
www.nie.lk -55-
info@nie.lk
gpf`
; ; njhlu;ghd trdq;fis my;Fu;Md; cs;slf;fpajd; Nehf;fk; mtw;iw
cupa Kiwapy; tpsq; f p tho; t py; filg; g pbf; f Ntz; L k; vd; w
,yl;rpaj;jpwf; hFk;. K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyg;gFjpapy; ]`hghhf;fs;
mtw;iw mwGnkhopapd; gpd;dzpAld; tpsq;fpdhu;fs;. tpsq;Ftjw;Fr;
rpukkhd trdq;fis K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fsplk; Neubahff; Nfl;Lj;
njupe; J nfhs; t u; . egpapd; kuzj; i jj; njhlu; e ; J Gjpa tifahd
gpur;rpidfisr; re;jpj;j NghJ mtw;iw “,];jpd;ghj;” %yk; KbTfisg;
ngw;Wj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. mjhtJ> Fwpg;gpl;l gpur;rpidia tpsq;fp>
mJNghd;w tplaq;fisf; Fwpgg ; pLk; trdq;fispd; fUj;Jf;fisj; njspthf
tpsq;fp gpd;du; jkJ mwptpd; mbg;gilapy; csr;rPUld; jPu;Tfis
fz;Lnfhz;ldu;. my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dh %yk; jPu;T fhzKbahj NghJ
“,[;jp`hj;” %yk; jPu;T ngWthu;fs;. rpyNghJ vLf;fg;gLk; KbTfSf;F
vy;yh egpj;Njhou;fSk; xd;wpiztJk; NtWgl;bUg;gJk; mtu;fspilNa
ghupastpyhd gpur;rpidia Vw;gLj;jtp;y;iy
! jhgp<d;fsJ fhyg;gpuptpy; gpf`; ; vd;gJ jdpjJ ; iwahf tsutpyi ; y. kthypfs;

jhk; vjpuN
; ehf;Fk; rl;l uPjpahd gpur;rpidfSf;F Ml;rpahsu;fisj; NjbtUk;
NghJ mtu;fs; gpd;thq;fpdu;. muR NtW> khu;f;fk; NtW vd;w rpe;jidj;
Njhw;wk; ngwyhapd. ,jdhy; ,f;fhyg;gpupT mwpQu;fs;> K`j;jp]Pd;fs;
nghJkf;fspd; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J itg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;.
kthypfs; gy;NtW ehfupfq;fspd; nry;thf;fpw;Fl;gl;l mwG nkhopapy;
Gyik Fd;wpatu;fshfTk; ,Ue;jjdhy; K[;j`pJfspd; ftdk; khu;f;fk;
njhlu;ghd tplaq;fspy; mjpfupf;fyhapw;W. ,khk;fspd; rp;e;jidfspd;
gpd;dzpapy; gy khztu;fs; tsu;jn ; jLf;fg;gl;ldu;. vdpDk;> mtu;fs; Gjpa
fUj;Jf;fisf; $wtpy;iy. FUitg; gpd;gw;Wk; jf;ypj; epiyapNyNa
,Ue;jdu;. Nkw;Fwpgg ; pll
; K[;j`pJfs; \uPM rl;lk; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fis
my;Fu;Mid Kjd;ik Mjhukhff; nfhz;L Kd;itj;jdu;. mjdbNa
gpf;`;j; Jiwrhu; jg;]Pu;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
www.nie.lk -56-
info@nie.lk
Nju; r ; r p 3.0 : my;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

tsu; r ; r paile; j fiyfis mwpe; J mtw; w pd;
Njhw; w j; J f; F VJtha; mike; j fhuzpfis
tpgupg; g hu;
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 3.3 : `jP]; xU jdpf; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngWtjw;Ff;
fhuzkha; mike; j gpd; d zpia tpsf; F thu; ;
ghlNtisfs; : 14
fw;wy; NgWfs
NgWfs;; :
! `jP];- ]{d;dh - fgu; Nghd;w gjq;fis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! `jP]pd;; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mjhuq;fSld; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
! `jP];fiy Njhd;wp tsu;e;j Kiwapid tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! `jP];fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L njhFf;fg;gl;l xOq;fpid tpgupg;ghu;.
! mjd; tsu;r;rpf; fl;lq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;b xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpYk;

Njhd;wpa tpUj;jpiaAk;> gpujhd K`j;jp]Pd;fisAk;> `jP];
E}y;fisAk; gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.
! fyhrhu xUikg;ghl;ilg; NgZtjpy; `jP];fspd; gq;fpid cjhuzk;

fhl;b tpsf;Fthu;.

! `jP]; vd;w muGg; gjk; nra;jp> Gjpait> ciuahly; vDk; nkhopf;fUj;
Jf;fspy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
! ,];yhj;jpy; ,g;gjk; ~~egp(]y;) mth;fSila nrhy;> nray;> mq;fPfhuk;>

tu;zidfs;> gz;Geyd;fs;|| vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpgg
; jw;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpdw
; J.
! ]{d;dh vd;w muGg; gjk; tho;f;if top> khh;f;fk;> epajp> Kiwik>

xOq;F> tof;fk;> eilKiw vDk; nkhopff ; Uj;Jf;fspy; gpuNahfpff
; g;gLfpdw
; J.
,];yhj;jpy; ,g;gjk; ~~egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;br; nrd;w tho;fi ; f
Kiwikiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ||
! `jP];> ]{d;dh Mfpa ,U gjq;fisAk; nghJthf K`j;jp]Pd;fs; xNu

fUj;jpNyNa gpuNahfpf;fpd;wdh;. NtWgLj;jpf;fhl;LNthu; ]{d;dh egp (]y;)
mtu;fsJ tho;f;if Kiwik vdTk; `jP]; mtw;wpd; gjpT vdTk;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;.
! `jP]; vd;w gjk; ~fgu;| ~m]u;| vDk; nrhw;fspYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdpDk; Fuh]hd; gpuNjrj;J mwpQh;fs; ~fgu;| vd;w nrhy;iy `jP]; vd;w
fUj;jpYk; ~m]u;| vd;w nrhy;iy egpjN ; jhoh;fspd; thf;FfSk; KbTfSk;
vd;w fUj;jpYk; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shu;;fs;.
www.nie.lk -57-
info@nie.lk
`jP]; fiyapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;
! `jP]; my;yJ ]{d;dh vdg;gLtJ egpatu;fspd; thf;ifAk; tho;itAk;

Fwpg;gjhFk;. egpatu;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw KOtJk; ]{d;dh; mtu;fs;
kw;wtu;fSf;Fr; nrhd;dit `jP]; vd;gjhFk;. egpatu;fs; nray; Kiwfis
]{d;dh Fwpf;f mtw;wpd; gjpT `jP]; vdg;gLk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
EGt;tj; Kjy; mtuJ tghj; tiu mtu; nkhope;jit> nra;J fhl;bait>
mq;fPfupj;jit midj;Jk; `jP];fSs; mlq;Ffpd;wd. mtupd; tghj;NjhL
`jP]; Kw;Wg;ngw;whYk; mtu;fsJ tho;fi ; f Kiw vy;yh K];ypk;fshYk;
vy;yhf; fhyj;jpw;Fk; ghJfhf;fg;glTk; gpd;gw;wg;glTk; Ntz;ba epiy
,Ue;jikahy; ,d;Wtiu mjidg; ghJfhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; xt;nthU
fhyg;gFjpapYk; tho;e;j K];ypk;fs; <Lgl;L te;Js;sdu;. ,g;ghJfhg;G
Kaw;rpNa `jP];fiy tuyhwhf tsu;r;rp mile;Js;sJ.
! `jP ] ; njhFf; f g; g l; l tuyhW egp K`k; k J (]y; ) mtu; f sJ

EGt;tj;jpypUe;J Muk;gkhfp ,d;Wtiu njhlu;fpd;wJ.
! ,t; t uyhw; w pd; Njhw; w k; > mijg; ngw; W f; nfhs; S jy; > ghJfhj; j y; >
VidNahUf;F mwptpj; j y; > `jP ] ; f isj; jpul; L jy; > E}YUg; g Lj; j y; >
NghypfspypUe;J mjidj; J}a;ikg;gLj;jy;> njhFj;J vOJjy;> tpsf;fp
tpupTiu vOJjy; Nghd;w mk;rq;fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.
egp(]y; ) mth; f sJ fhyk;

! egp(]y;) mth;fsJ egpj;Jtj;jpypUe;J mtuJ tghj; tiuAs;s fhyg;gFjp
`jP]pd; tuyhw;wpy; egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhykhf fzpff ; g;gLfpwJ. ,f;fhyg;
gFjpapy; jhd; `jP]f ; s; ntspahfpd. egp(]y;) mth;fsplkpUe;J ntspahfpa
`jP]f ; is egpj;Njhoh;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; kpfj; jPtpu Mh;tKk; <LghLk;
fhl;bdhh;fs;. cjhuzk; jpz;izj;Njhoh;fspd; eltbf;iffs;.
! egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; `jP];fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F kpf

Kf;fpakhd %d;W topKiwfs; egpj;Njhoh;fspdhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;likiaf;
fz;Lnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.
1. kddkpLjy;
2. vOjpg;ghJfhj;jy;
3. tho;f;ifapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jpg; ghJfhj;jy;.
! jpz;izj; Njhoh;fs;> ck;k`hJy; K/kpdPd;fs;> egpfshupd; gzpahl;fs;>

jdpg;gl;l mbg;gilapy; Njhoh;fs; kddj;jpd; %yk; `jP]f
; isg; ghJfhj;J
toq;fpdhh;fs;.
cjhuzk;: egp (]y;) mth;fsJ kidtpkhh;fshd ck;k`hJy; K/
kpdPd;fs;> ngz;fs; rk;ge;jkhd Nghjidfis kddj;jpy; ghJfhj;J
toq;fpaijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
www.nie.lk -58-
info@nie.lk
! kddj;jpd; %yk; `jP];fisg; ghJfhg;gjd; rpwg;igr; rpyhfpj;J egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shu;fs;.
“40 `jP];fis kddQ; nra;gtd; ehis kWikapy; QhdpfSld; vOg;gg;
gLthd;.”
! [h`pypa; a hf; fhy muG ehl; b y; vOJk; tof; f k; cilatu; f s;

vz;zpfi ; fapy; Fiwe;j mstpNyDk; ,Ue;Js;sdh; vd;gij f/gJy;yhtpy;
njhq;ftplg;gl;l ftpijj; njhFg;Gf;fs;> cld;gbf;iffs;> fbjq;fs;
ep&gpf;fpd;wd.
! egp(]y;) mth;fSila fhyj;jpy; `jP];fis vOjpg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd

Kaw;rpfis egpj;Njhou;fs; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;gjw;F tuyhw;whjhuq;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
i) mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D cku; (uop) mth;fs; xU Kiw egp(]y; mtu;fsplk;

nrd;W “ehd; `jP]f
; spy; rpytw;iw tpsq;fpitf;f tpUk;GfpdN
; wd;. mtw;iw
vdJ kddj;NjhL xg;gplL; vOjpitf;fTk; tpUk;GfpdN; wd;. mJgw;wp jq;fsJ
fUj;njd;d? vd tpdtpdhh;fs;. mjw;F egp(]y;) mth;fs;> vOJtjpy;
; y> Mdhy; “vd;idg;gw;wp kdKuz;lhfg; ngha;Aiuf;fpdw
jtwpyi ; td; ehis
kWikapy; euifj; jq;Fkplkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;thd;.” vdf; $wpdhh;fs;.
,jw;Fg; gpd;dh; mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ckh;(uop) mth;fs; `jP];fis vOjpf;

nfhz;ljhfTk; mt;thW vOjpf;nfhz;l `jP];fis cs;slf;fpa jpul;Lf;
fis jhgp<d;fs; fz;ljhfTk;> mtUila jpul;L> “]`Pgh ]hjpfh” vd
miof;fg;gl;ljhfTk; tuyhw;whjhuq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.
ii) mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;h; ,g;Dy; M]; (uop) mth;fs; egp(]y;) mtu;fsJ
`jP]f ; s; midj;ijAk; vOjpf; nfhs;Sk; tof;fk; cilatuhf ,Ue;jhu;.
“egp (]y;) mth;fs; RfJf;f Ntisfspy; $Wfpd;wtw;iwAkh vOjpf;
nfhs;fpd;wPH? vdj; Njhoh;fs; Nfl;lNghJ> egp(]y;) mtu;fsplk; nrd;W
,J gw;wp Kiwg;ghL nra;J> re;Njfj;ijj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhz;;lhu;.
“my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf ,e;j thapypUe;J cz;ikiaj; jtpu
NtW vJTk; ntsptuhJ.” vd egp(]y;) mtu;;fs; ,tUf;Ff; $wpdhu;;fs;.
,jd; %yk; Nkw;gb Njhou; vOjpf; nfhs;tij egp (]y;) mtu;;fs;
mDkjpj;Js;shu;;fs; vd;gJ ep&gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW egpj; Njhou;fSs;
ehw;gJf;F mjpfkhdth;fs; `jP];fis vOjpg;ghJfhj;jjhf tuyhw;wh
jhuq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
! `jP];fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy;

gpd;gw;wg;gl;l kpfTk; rpwe;j xU topKiw Njhoh;fs; jkJ tho;f;ifapy;
`jP];fis my;yJ egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; topKiwfisg;
gpd;gw;wpte;jikahFk;. Njhou;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fis mZ mZthfg;
gpd;gw;wpdhu;fs; vd;gjid m\;-\pgh vDk; E}ypy; gjpthfpAs;s gpd;tUk;
tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtk; ep&gpf;fpd;wJ.
www.nie.lk -59-
info@nie.lk
! xUKiw egp(]y;) mth;fs; njhOifia elhj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ

jkJ ghjzpfis xUGwkhff; fow;wp itj;jhh;fs;. ,ij mtjhdpj;j
Njhou; fSk; jkJ ghjzpfisAk; fow;wp itj;jhh;fs;. njhOif Kbe;jJk;
egp (]y;) mth;fs; Njhoh;fis Nehf;fp “ePq;fs; Vd; cq;fsJ ghjzpfis
fow; w p itj; j P u ; f s; ? vdf; N fl; l NghJ “ah u#yy; y h`; ! eP q ; f s;
nra;jjdhNyNa ehq;fSk; mt;thW nra;Njhk; vdf;$wpdhh;fs;.
mjw;F egp (]y;) mth;fs; vdJ ghjzpapy; e[P]; ,Ug;gjhf [pg;uPy;
(miy) mth;fs; mwptpj;jjdhNyNa ehd; mt;thW nra;Njd;.” v d f ;
$wpdhh;fs;. ,q;F Njhoh;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fis m Z t Z t h f g ;
gpd;gw;wp te;Js;shh;fs; vd;gij czh;e;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.
]`hghf; f s; fhyk;
! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;jpypUe;J mjhtJ `p[;up 11Mk; Mz;bypUe;J
]`hghf;fs; fhyk;; Muk;gpj;J `p[;up 100 Mk; Mz;Ltiu my;yJ filrp
]`hgp tghj;jhFk; tiu ,f;fhyk; njhlh;fpwJ. ,f;fhyk; Ml;rpg;gutypd;
mbg; g ilapYk; > #o; e piy khw; w q; f spd; mbg; g ilapYk; Kd; i da
fhyj;ijtpl tpj;jpahrkhd jd;ikfs; nfhz;ldthff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
! egpj;Njhoh;fs; `jP]pd; my;yJ egpfshupd; topKiwfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk;>

Vidath;fSf;F mjid nrd;wila itg;gjw;Fk; jk;khy; Mw;w
Ntz;ba gq;fspg;Gf;fis murpay; kl;lj;jpYk;> jdpg;gl;ltifapYk; rpwe;j
Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhz;L ,d;W tiu K];ypk; ck;;kj;jpdu;; `jP];fisg;
ngw;W ,];yhj;jpd; topapw; nry;y toptFj;jhu;fs;.
jhgp<d; f s; fhyk;
! ]`hghf; f is mLj; J `jP ] ; J iwf; F g; gq; f spg; G r; nra; j tu; f s;
jhgp<d;fshtu;. jhgp<d;fs; fhyk; `p[;up 100 ypUe;J Muk;gkhfp `p[;up
150 my;yJ `p[;up 200 tiu njhlh;fpwJ vdf;fUj;Jf;fs;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
! jhgp<d; f s; fhyj; j pd; Muk; g j; j py; `jP ] ; Jiw vjph; n fhz; l

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
1. Fyghch; uh\pJ}d;fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; Ml;rpgPlk; Vwpa cikah
Ml;rpahsu;fspy; xU rpyupd; Nkhrkhd epiy.
2. Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; `jP]pd; ghJfhg;G tplaj;jpy; iff;nfhz;l Kaw;rp
fs; iftplg;gl;lik.
3. xU E}w;whz;L fhyk; tiu `jP];fs; Nfhh;it nra;ag;glhik ,jdhy;
Nghypahdit Njhd;wpd. gFj;jwptpd; mbg;gilapy; jPh;g;G$Wk; mstpw;F
epiyik NkhrkhfpaJ.
! cikahf;fs; tupirapy; `p[;up 99Mk; Mz;L ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P];

(u`;) mth;fs; Ml;rpglP Nkwpajd; gpdd
; h; ,g;gpur;rpidiaj; jPuj
; J
; itj;jhu;fs;.
,jw; f bg; g ilf; fhuzk; ,tuJ ngw; N whuJ topelj; j Yk; > mtuJ
guk;giuAk;> mth; fy;tpfw;w #oYk;> fw;w JiwfSkhFk;. mtu; jdJ
www.nie.lk -60-
info@nie.lk
Ml;rpapy; murpay; nghUshjhu> r%f> mwptpay;> xOf;fg;gz;ghl;Lj;

Jiwfspy; vy;yhk; khngUk; rPh;jpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;Lte;jhu;. ,e;j
tupirapy; jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; `jP];Jiw vjph;Nehf;fpa
gpur;rpidfSf;F rpwe;j jPh;nthd;iwAk;> ghJfhg;nghd;iwAk;
toq;fpdhh;.
! ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) mth;fs; `jP];fis xd;Wjpul;b

vLg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpj;J itj;jhh;fs;.
! “u]_y; (]y;) mth;fspd; `jPi]Ak; ]{d;dhitAk; Njbf;fz;LgpbAq;fs;>

Vnddpy; ehd; mwptpd; kiwitAk; mwpQh;fspd; gpupitAk; mQ;RfpNwd;.”
vd kjPdhtpd; ftu;dUf;F mtu; vOjpapUe;j fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ
,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
! ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) mth;fs; `jP];Jiwapy; <LghL

nfhz;l mwpQu;fisAk; `jPi] xd;Wjpul;Lk; gzpapy; <LgLj;jpaikf;F
“,khk; \p`hGj;jPd; R`;up” vd;gth; J}z;lg;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
! fpyhgj;jpd; ehyh gFjpfspYk; `jP];fis xd;Wjpul;Lk; eltbf;iffspy;

<Lglf;$batu;fis mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; fhz Kbe;jJ.
! `jP]f ; is xd;Wjpul;Lk; gzpapy; ghupa gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;j jhgp<d;fs;

fhyj;J mwpQh;fs; `jP]pd; J}a;ikiag; NgZtjw;fhf rpy ghJfhg;G
Kiw fis my;yJ J}a;ik NgZk; Kiwfis mwpKfQ; nra;jhu;fs;.
mtw;Ws; kpfg;gpujhdkhd ,uz;L topKiwfs; gpd;tUkhW.
1. ,];dhijf; Fwpf;Fk; topKiwia Kjd; Kjypy; eilKiwf;F nfhz;L
te;jhu;fs;.
2. `jP];fis mwptpj;jth;fs; vtuhtJ capUld; ,Ue;jhy; mtu;fis
Neubahfr; nrd;W re;jpj;J mjid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;;fs;.
! jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpy; `jP]f

; s; xd;Wjpul;lg;gl;ljdhy; K];ypk; r%fj;jpdUf;F
gy;NtW rhjfkhd #o;epiyfs; cUthfpd.
1. K];ypk; ck;kj;jpdUf;F Kjd; Kjypy; `jP]; fpue;jq;fs; fpilj;jd.
KjyhtJ fpilj;j fpue;jkhf mjpfkhd ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fspdhy;
Fwpf;fg;gLtJ ,khk; khypf; (u`;) mth;fspd; ~Kmj;jh| vd;w fpue;jkhFk;.
2. jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; `jP];Jiw vjph;Nehf;fpa gpur;rpidfspy;
,Ue;J tpLjiy ngwf;$ba #o;epiy cUthfpaJ.
3. gFj;jwptpd; mbg;gilapy; khh;f;fg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;f;f KbahJ.
my;Fu;Md; my;yJ `jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; mit jPu;f;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w
fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j Kbe;;jJ.
4. mLj;Jtuf;$ba `jP];Jiw mwpQH;fSf;F `jP]; Jiwf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gf;
fisr; nra;a ,th;fsJ gzpfs; Kd;khjpupahf mike;jd.
! jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;J mwpQH;fs; jhk; jpul;bf;nfhz;l `jP];fis ~K];dj;|
www.nie.lk -61-
info@nie.lk
mbg;gilapNyNa E}YUg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. xU K`j;jp]; jhd; jpul;bf;nfhz;l

;
`jP];fis mwptpg;ghsupd; nganuhOq;fpd; mbg;gilapy; E}YUg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tij ~~ ~K];dj;| tbtj;jpy; E}YUg;gLj;Jjy;|| vd;gJ Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
jgcj; j hgp<d; f s; fhyk;
! `jP];fs; gy;NtW tiffshf tifg;gLj;jp toq;fg;gl;lik.

1. Kd;ida fhyq;fistpl `jP];fisg; ghJfhj;jy;> xd;Wjpul;ly;> E}YUg;
gLj;jy;> tpsf;fkspjj
; y; Nghd;w fhupaq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpdw
; NghJ ,f;fhyj;J
mwpQH;fs; gue;j xU Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,k;Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;.
mjhtJ egp (]y;) mth;fsJ tho;f;if topKiwfs; midj;Jk; K];ypk;
r%fj;jpdUf;Fj; Njit vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,g;gzpapy; <Lgl;lhu;fs;.
2. jgcj;jhgp<d;fsJ fhyj;jpwF
; Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; `jP]f ; NshL Nrh;jJ
;
mjw;Fupa tpsf;fq;fis vOjpf; nfhs;fpd;w xU eilKiw gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.
,J `jP]pd; J}a;ikf;Fg; gpur;rpidahf mike;jjhy; jgcj;jhgp<d;fs;
fhyj;J K`j;jp]Pd;fs; `jP];fis khj;jpuk; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Kiwia
mwpKfQ; nra;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy; `jP]pd; J}a;ik Ngzg;gl;lJ.
3. jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;J K`j;jp]Pd;fs; jhk; jpul;bf; nfhz;l `jP];fis

~K];dj;| mbg;gilapy; E}YUg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. Mdhy; jgcj;jhgp<d;fs;
fhyj;J mwpQH;fs; jhk; jpul;bf; nfhz;l `jP];fis ~[hkpc| my;yJ
K]d;dg; mbg;gilapNyNa E}YUg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. xU K`j;jp];; jhk;
jpul;b vLj;Jf; nfhz;l `jP]f
; isj; jiyg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; E}YUg;
gLj;jp toq;Ftjid ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
~fpjhg;| vd;w ngupa jiyg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; ~ghGd;| vd;w rpwpa

jiyg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; ,th;fs; njhFj;J vOjpdhh;fs;. ,jdhy;
K];ypk; r%fj;jpdh; jkf;Fj; Njitahd `jP];fis ,yFthfg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s Kbe;jJ.
4. Nghypahd `jP];fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;s `jPN]hL njhlu;ghd Vida

fiyfs; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;ld. cjhuzkhf; m];khch; up[hy;> ,y;Ky;
[u`; tj;j/jPy;> c]_Yy; `jP];
5. m];]p`h`{]; ]pj;jh vDk; gupRj;j `jP]; jpul;Lf;fs; toq;fg;gl;lik.
nks*Mj;fspd; Njhw;wKk; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk;
! ~~egp (]y;) mtu;fs; nrhy;yhj> nra;ahj> mq;fPfupf;fhjtw;iw> mtu;fsJ

gz;Gfspy;> th;zidfspy; mlq;fhjtw;iw nrhd;djhfTk;> nra;jjhfTk;
mq;ffP upjj
; jhfTk; gz;Gfs;> th;zidfspy; mlq;Ftjhf ngha;ahf FwpjJ; f;
fhl;LtjidNa Nghypahd `jP]; vd;gJ Fwpf;fpd;wJ.||
! Nghypahd `jP];fs; vg;NghJ Njhw;wk; ngw;wd vd;gjpy; gpd;tUk; %d;W
www.nie.lk -62-
info@nie.lk
fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
1. egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; ngha;ahd `jP];fs; Njhd;wpd.
2. mg+gf;h;> ckh;(uop) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; ngha;ahd `jP];fs; Njhd;wpd.
3. c];khd; (uop)mth;fsJ MW Mz;L Ml;rpapd; gpd;du; ngha;ahd `jP];
fs; Njhd;wpd. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wjw;fhd rhd;WfNs cs;sd.
! Nghypahd `jP];fs; Jupj Ntfj;jpy; tsh;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,uz;L

Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW.
1. Fyghch; uh\pJ}d; Ml;rpahsu;fs; `jP]pd; ghJfhg;G> `jP]pd; J}a;ik
tplaj;jpy; filg;gpbj;j eltbf;iffis> mjd;gpd;du; te;j Ml;rpahsu;fspy;
xUrpyu; iftpl;lik.
2. xU E}w;whz;L fhyk; `jP];fs; Nfhit nra;ag;glhikia tp\kpfs;
rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lik.
Nghyp `jP];fs; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

murpay; uP j pahd fhuzq; f s;
! c];khd; (uop) mth;fspd; MW Mz;L Ml;rpf;Fg; gpd;dh; ,];yhkpa
murpaypy; Fog; g q; f Sk; gpur; r pidfSk; ,]; y hj; j pd; vjpupfshy;
cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,jidr; rhjpg;gjw;Fg; ngha;ahd `jP];fis murpay;
uPjpahfj; Njhd;wpa xt;nthU cl;gpuptpdUk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. \Pahf;fs; vd;Wk;>
cikahf;fs; vd;Wk; fhup[;fs; vd;Wk; Kjy; %d;W fyPghf;fisAk;
Mjupj;Njhu; vd;Wk; ,th;fs; jk;ik ,dq;fhl;bf; nfhz;ldu;. ,tu;fs;
cUthf;fpa Nghyp `jP];fSf;F cjhuzk;:
1. ~~myp (uop) vdJ thupRf;fhud;> mth; vdJ rNfhjud;> vdf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
jiytuhf tUgtu;> ePqf ; s; mtuJ fl;lisfSf;Fr; nrtpkLj;J mtUf;Fg;
gzpe;J ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
2. ~~neUg;G tpwif vupg;gJ Nghy mypia Nerpg;gJ ghtr; nray;fis
mopj;JtpLk;|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
3. ~~KMtpah(uop)ia kpk;gupy; fz;lhy; thshy; ntl;btpLq;fs;||
(ngha;ahd `jP];)
4. ~~my;yh`;tplj;jpy; ek;gpf;iff;Fupath;fs; %th; ehd;> [pg;uPy;> KMtpah||
(ngha;ahd `jP];)
Nkw;Fwpj;j mbg;gilapy; xt;Nthu; cl;gpuptpdUk; ngha;ahd `jP];fis
mwptpj;jjdhy; `jP]pd; J}a;ik ghjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; egp(]y;)
mtu;fs; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; fl;btsh;j;j xw;WikAk;> If;fpaKk;>
xUikg;ghLk; rPh;Fiye;J Ngha;tpl;lJ. ,d;Wtiu rPh;nra;a Kbahj
mstpwF ; j; jhf;fq;fis mJ Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. tuyhw;wpy; fhup[f
; s; ngha;ahd
`jP];fis mwptpj;j ikf;Fr; rhd;Wfs; fpilahJ.
]pd;jPf;Ffs; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; eltbf;iffs;.

! ,];yhj;ij mwptpay; uPjpahfTk;> rpe;jid fyhrhu uPjpahfTk;> murpay;
uPjpahfTk; vjph;f;fpd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;j
,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfNs ]pd;jPf;fs; Mth;. `yhy;> ùhk;> mfPjh> ,ghjj;
Nghd;w gy;NtW Jiwfspy; ngha;ahd `jP]f ; is ,th;fs; mwptpj;jhh;fs;.
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info@nie.lk
,jw;F cjhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW@

1. ~~my;yh`; jdJ khh;gpYk; fuq;fspYKs;s kaph;fspdhy; kyf;Ffisr;
rpU\;bj;jhd;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
2. ~~mofhd Kfj;ijg; ghh;g;gJ ,ghjj; MFk;. (ngha;ahd `jP];)
3. ~~my;yh`; jd;idr; rpU\;bf;f ehba NghJ Fjpiuiar; rpU\;bj;J
mjid Xlr; nra; j hd; . gpd; d h; Fjpiuapd; tpah; i tapypUe; J
jd;idr;rpU\;bj;jhd;||
(ngha;ahd `jP];)
Nkw;gb eltbf;iffs; midj;Jk; ,];yhkpa mfPjhit> ,];yhkpa

,ghjj;Jf; fis> `yhy;> ùhk; gw;wpa tuk;Gfis ghjpg;gilar; nra;jd.
,d;Wk; $l K];ypk;fs; ,jd; jhf;fq;fSf;F cl;gl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;.
nkhop ,dk;> gpuNjrk;> kj;`g;>,khk; vDk; tplaq;fspy; ntwpnfhz;l

tu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.
! ghurPf nkhop jdJ nry;thf;if ,oe;J nry;fpwJ vdf; fUjp mk;nkhopiag;
NgRfpd;wth;fs; jkJ nkhopf;Fr; rhjfkhfTk; muGnkhopf;F vjpuhfTk;
ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. ,jw;fhjuhkhf gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd
`jPi] Fwpg;gplyhk;.
~~my;yh`;tpd; mu;i\j;jhq;fp ,Ug;gth;fs; ghurPf nkhopiag; NgRfpdwdu;.

my;yh`; t`p mUSk; NghJ nkd;ikahd tplaq;fis ghurPf nkhopapYk;
fbdkhd tplaq;fis muG nkhopapYk; mUSfpwhd;||(ngha;ahd `jP];)
mugpfs; ,jid vjph;j;J gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd `jPi] mwptpj;jdu;. ~~muG

Rtu;;f;fj;jpd; nkhop> my;yh`;tplk; kpfTk; ntWg;Gf;Fupa nkhop ghurPf
nkhop|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
! gpuNjr mbg;gilapy; ntwpgpbj;jth;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;batw;Wf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

ngha;ahd `jPi]f; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
~~kf;fh kjPdh> igJy; Kfj;j];> jpkp\f
; ; (lk];f];) Mfpa ehd;F efuq;fSk;
,t;Tyfj;jpd; Rth;f;f efuq;fshFk;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
! ,khk; mg+`dPgh (u`;) mth;fis Mjupj;j xUth; mtUf;Fr; rhjfkhfg;

gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd `jPi] mwptpj;jhu;.
~~vdJ ck;kj;jpy; mg+`dPgh ,g;D E/khd; vd xUtu;; Njhd;Wthu;. mtu;
r%fj;jpd; xsp tpsf;fhthu;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
! ,khk; \hgp<(u`;) mth;fs; gpugy;ak; miltijf; fz;L kdNtjidg;gl;l

khw;W ,khik Mjupj;j xUtu; $wpdhu;.
“K`k;kj; ,g;D ,j;uP]; vd;w xUtu;; gpw;fhyj;jpy; vdJ r%fj;jpy;
Njhd;Wthu;. mtu;; ,g;yPi]tplTk; NfLnfl;ltuhf ,Ug;ghu;.|| (ngha;ahd
`jP]);
www.nie.lk -64-
info@nie.lk
Nkw;gb eltbf;iffspdhy; K];ypk;fspd; kj;jpapy; gpsTfs; cUthfp mJ>

egp(]y;) mth;fs; kpfTk; fbdkhf cioj;Jf; fl;bnaOg;gpa K];ypk;fsJ
If;fpak;> xw;Wik rNfhjuj;Jtk; vd;gd gbg;gbahf kiwaf;fhuzkhf
mike;Jtpl;lJ.
cgNjrpfSk; fij $Wgth; f Sk; ,l; L f; f l; b ait.

! cgNjrpfs;> fij $Wgth;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; jhk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> jkJ nrhe;j eyd;fisg; NgZtjw;fhfTk; ngha;ahd
`jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. ,jw;fhjhukhf ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gy;>
,khk; a`;ah ,g;D K<d; Mfpa ,UtUk; jdf;fwptpj;jjhf xU cgNjrp
mt;tpUtuJk; Kd;dpiyapNyNa jdJ cgNjrj;jpy; mwptpj;j gpd;tUk;
ngha;ahd `jPi]f; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
~~ahu;; yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; vd;W nkhopfpd;whNuh mjd; xt;nthU

nrhy;Yf;Fk; my;yh`; xt;nthU gwitiar; rpU\;bf;fpd;whd;.
mg;gwitapd; nrhz;L jq;fj;jpdhYk; ,wf;if etuj;jpdq;fspdhYk;
Mf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
! fij $Wgth; f s; ,l; L f; f l; b ajw; F g; gpd; t Uk; ngha; a hd `jP i ]
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
~~Eh`; egpapd; fg;gy; J}ghd; nts;sj;jpy; kpje;J f/gJy;yh`;it VOKiw
tyk;te;J xUKiw ]{[_J nra;jJ.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)
Nkw;gb ngha;ahd `jP];fspdhy; ghku kf;fs; ,];yhj;ijj; jtwhfg;

Gupe;J nfhs;sf;$ba xU #o;epiy cUthfpaJ. ,];yhj;ij jtwhf
tpsf;F fpd;wtu;fSf;F ,lk; fpilf;ff;$ba xU #o;epiyAk; cUthfpaJ.
,it ,];yhj;jpd; tsu;;r;rpf;Fj; jilahf mike;jd.
gpf; ` pYk; ,y; K y; fyhkpYk; fUj; J NtWghL nfhz; l tu; f s;

,l; L f; f l; b ait.
! gpf;`;> ,y;Ky; fyhk; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;lth;fs;

jkf;Fr; rhh;ghfTk;> vjphj; ug;Gilath;fis Kwpabf;Fk; tifapYk; ngha;ahd
`jP]f ; is mwptpjj ; hh;fs;. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf gpdt
; Uk; ngha;ahd `jPi]f;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
~~vtu; njhOifapy; jkJ ,U fuq;fisAk; cah;j;Jfpd;whNuh mtuJ

njhOif Kwpe;Jtpl;lJ.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];) ,J `dgp kj;ìgr; rhu;e;j
xUtu; mLj;j kj;ìg rhu;e;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhf ,l;Lf;fl;ba ngha;ahd
`jP]; MFk;.
~~vtu; my;Fu;Md; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W $WfpwhNuh mtu;; fhgpuhfptpl;lhu;.||

(ngha;ahd `jP];)
www.nie.lk -65-
info@nie.lk
khu;f;fj;jpy; mwpahikAk; ey;yijr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w MirAk;

nfhz; l tu; ; f s; ,l; L f; f l; b ait.
! tuyhw; w py; murpay; uP j pahfTk; > ,af; f uP j pahfTk; > nfhs; i ffspd;
mbg;gilapYk; gpupe;jth;fis ey;ypzf;fg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpYk;> ehk;
rhh;ej
; pUf;fpdw; tplaq;fspy; <LgLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpYk; ngha;ahd `jP]f ; is
,l;Lf;fl;bdhh;fs;. ,t;thW ,l;Lf;fl;b fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lth;fsplk; ,J gw;wp
tpdtpaNghJ ~~ehq;fs; w]_Yf;F rhu;ghf ,l;;Lf;fl;bNdhk;|| vd rkhjhdk;
$wpdhu;fs;. mJkhj;jpukd;wp K];ypk;fs; my;Fh;Midg; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L
,khk;fsJ rl;ltpsf;fq;fspYk; tuyhw;Wj; JiwfspYk; jkJ ftdj;ijr;
nrYj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J mtu;fis tpLj;J my;Fh;Md; gf;fk; jpUk;gp tpLtjw;fhf
,t;thW Gide;Jiuj;jjhfTk; fUj;Jj; njuptpj;jhh;fs;. Fyhk; fyPy; vd;w
xUtd; jpf;upd; rpwg;igg; gw;wpg; ngha;ahd `jP]f ; is mwptpj;jhd;. kf;fspd;
cs;sq;fis nefpor; nra;J ed;ikapd; ghy; mth;fisj; J}z;Ltjw;fhf
,t;thW nra;jjhfj; njuptpj;jhd;.
Ml;rpahsh;fsJk; nry;te;jh;fsJk; eyd; NjLtjw;fhf

,l; L f; f l; l g; g l; l it.
! xUrpyh; jkJ tho;f;ifia flj;Jtjw;fhf ngha;ahd `jP];fis
mwptpj;Js;sijf; fz;L nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Mjhuhkhf gpd;tUk;
rk;gtj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
~~mg;gh]pa fyPgh k`;jpaplk; VjhtJ ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w
Nehf;fj;jpy; ,ah]; ,g;D ,g;uh`pk; vd;gtd; muz;kidf;F te;jhd;.
fyPgh Gwhf;fSld; tpisahbf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gijf; fz;l mtd; ,tuJ
,t;tpisahl;L ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd cWjpg;gLj;j
cz;ikahd `jP]hd “mk;igAk;> FjpiuiaAk;> xl;lfj;ijAk; jtpu
NtW vjidAk; Nghl;bf;F tpLtJ $lhJ” (my;`jP];) gwitfisAk;
vDk; nrhy;iyAk; ,jDld; Nrh;jJ ; f; $wpdhd;. ,tu; ciuj;jJ ngha;ahdJ
vd fyPgh mwpe;Jk; $l mtUf;Fr; rd;khdk; toq;fp mDg;gpitj;jhh;.
mtd; ngha;Aiuf;f Gwhf;fs; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jd vdf; fUjp Gwhf;fis
mWj;JtpLkhW fl;lisapl;lhu;.
tpsk; g uj; j pw; f hf mwptpf; f g; g l; l it.

! xUrpy tpahghupfs; jkJ tpahghug; nghUl;fis tpsk;gug;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tjw;fhfg; ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. kuf;fwp tpahghup
xUtu; mwptpj; j gpd; t Uk; ngha; a hd `jP i ] ,jw; F Mjhukhff;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
“vtd; fj;jupf;fha; rhg;gpLfpd;whNdh> mtd; Rth;f;fk; Eiothd;”;
(ngha;ahd `jP];)
]{d; d htpd; J}a; i kiag; g hJfhf; f Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; l eltbf; i ffs; .

! jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;J K`j;jp]Pd;fs; `jP]pd; J}a;ikiaAk;> mjd;
ek;gfj; jd;ikiaAk; Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> cz;ikf;F Kuzhd
`jP];fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; gpd;tUk; jpwdha;Tf;fiyfis
www.nie.lk -66-
info@nie.lk
Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;.
1. m];khch; up[hy;
2. ,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy;
3. c]_Yy; `jP];
1. m]; k hch; up[hy;

xU `jP]pd; ,];dhj; gw;wp Muha;fpd;w fiyNa m];khch;up[hy; vdf;Fwpg;
gplg;gLfpd;wJ. “ kdpjh;fsJ ngah;fs;”; vd;w nkhopf;fUj;jpid ,g;gjk;
nfhLj;jhYk; `jP];Jiwapy; mJ gpd;tUk; fUj;jpidNa nfhLf;fpwJ.
“egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fsplkpUe;J `jP];fs; midj;Jk; ntspahfpaJ
Kjy; mit ngwg;gl;L mwptpf;fg;gl;L> xd;Wjpul;lg;gl;L njhFg;ghrpupaupdhy;
njhFj;njOjg;gLk; tiu ahu; ahnuy;yhk; mjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;lhh;fNsh
mth;fs; midtuJ tuyhWfisAk; Fwpff ; pdw
; xU fiyahf ,J cs;sJ.
m];khch; up[hy; %yk; `jP];fis mwptpj;jth;fsJ KOikahd
jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjdhy; xU `jP]; njhlh;ghf
,WjpahdnjhU jPh;khdj; jpw;F tu mJ cjTfpwJ.||
cjhuzk; 1:
xU ]djpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;w Xu; mwptpg;ghsh; m];khch; up[hypy;
mlq;fhjtuhf ,Ue;jhy; ,];dhjpy; xU KwpT Vw;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;w
jPh;khdj;jpw;F te;J Fwpj;j `jPi] epuhfupf;fg;gl Ntz;ba `jP]pd;
gl;baypy; Nru;;j;Jtpl Kbfpd;wJ.
cjhuzk; 2:
]djpy; mlq;Ffpd;w ,U mwptpg;ghsh;fSf;fpilapy; Vw;gLfpd;w
tuyhw;W uPjpapyhd Kuz;ghl;il ,f;fiy ntspg;gLj;jf;$bajhf
,Ug;gjhy; `jP]pd; ,Wjpahd epiy gw;wpj; jPh;khdpf;f m];khch; up[hy;
cjTtijAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,t;thW mwptpg;ghsh; tupirapy;
Vw;gLfpd;w Fiwfis Kuz;ghLfis m];khcu; up[hy; ,dq;fhl;b xU
`jP]pd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk; J}a;ikiaAk; cWjpnra;J nfhs;s
cjTfpd;wJ.
2 . ,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy;

xU `jP]pd; kj;d; gw;wpAk;> ]dj; gw;wpAk; Muha;fpd;w fiyfSs; ,y;Ky;
[u`; tj;j/jPYk; xd;whFk; ,j;Jiwapy; Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;l
`jP]f ; iy ty;Ydh;fs; gpdt; Uk; mbg;gilfspy; mikAkhdhy; mt;thwhd
`jP]f; is epuhfupff
; f;$ba `jP]pd; tiffspy; Nrh;jJ; f;nfhs;s KbAnkdf;
fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;shh;fs;.
01. mugpfsJ> mjpYk; tpNrlkhf Fiw\pfsJ nkhop tof;fpw;F khw;wkhf
my;yJ jho;e;j muG nkhopeilapy; tUgit.
02. egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ nkhopg; gpuNahfj;jpw;F my;yJ nkhopg; Nghf;fpw;F
khw;wkhf tUgit.
03. mwptpay;> xOf;ftpay; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk; Gyd; czh;TfSf;Fk; KuzhfTk;>
,r;irapd;ghy; J}z;Lk; tpjj;jpYk; kUj;Jt tuyhw;W cz;ikfSf;F
KuzhfTk; tUgit.
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info@nie.lk
04. my;Fh;Mdpd; njspthd fUj;Jf;fSf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s

KbahjthW Kuzhf tUgit.
05. egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; ele;j tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fSf;F Kuzhf
tUgit.
cjhuzk;: fjPu;Fk; vd;w ,lj;jpy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; myp (uop) gw;wp
$wpa nks*thd `jP];
06. `jPi] mwptpf;Fk; mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; nfhs;iff;Fr; rhh;ghdjhf ,Uj;jy;.
cjhuzk; : \Pahf;fspy; uhgpopfs; $wpa m`;Yy; igj;Jf;fisg; gw;wpait.
07. xU rpwpa nraYf;Fg; ngupa ed;ikiaAk;> Xu; mw;g tplaj;jpwF
; f; fLikahd
jz;lidiaAk; toq;Ftjhf kpifg;gLj;jpf; $wg;gl;lit.
08. vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthd xU tplak; xUtupdhy; khj;jpuk; mwptpf;fg;gl;L
,Ug;git.
! ,t;thW K`j;jp]d P f
; s; kj;dpy; ,lk;ngwf;$ba cz;ikf;F Kuzhdtw;iw
,dq;fz;L nfhs;Sk; topKiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpr; nrd;whh;f ; s;. ,jdhy;
jukhd> J}a;ikahd `jP]f ; is K];ypk; r%fj;jpdu;; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba
tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ.
3. c]_Yy; `jP];
! jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpy; `jP]pd; J}a;ikiag; NgZtjw;fhf mf;fhyj;J
mwpQh;fshy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;nwhU ghJfhg;Gf; fiyahf miktJ
c]_Yy; `jP]hFk;. `jP]pd; mbg;gil gw;wp Muha;fpd;w fiyahf
,jidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,f;fiyapy; uhtp- mwptpg;ghsh;> K`j;jp];- `jP];
fiy mwpQH;> jhypGy; `jP]-; `jPi] fw;Nghh;fs; Nghd;NwhuJ jifikfs;
mbg;gilfs; gw;wp vLj;Jf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. c]_Yy; `jP]; $Wfpd;w
epge;jidfSf;F> tiuaiwfSf;F Kuzhfpd;w tifapy; cs;s ve;j
`jP]{k; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba tiffspDs; mlq;fkhl;lhJ. MfNt
,f;fiyAk; mwptpg;ghsu;fis Ak;> K`j;jp]Pdf ; isAk; `jPi]f; fw;fpd;w
khzth;fisAk; rupahd Kiwapy; ,dq;fhl;b J}a;ikahd `jP];fisg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba re;jh;gg
; q;fis K];ypk; ck;kj;jpdUf;F jUfpd;wJ.
! jpwdha;Tf; fiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljd; tpisthf `jP];fs; gpd;tUk;

mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
1. Kjthjpuhd `jP];
2. M`hjhd `jP];
Kj; j thjpu;
! Kj;jthjpuhd `jP]; vd;gJ “ xU tplaj;jpy; mth;fs; ngha;Aiuj;jy;
rhj;jpa khfhJ vd;W Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba xt;nthU tFg;gpYk; mjpfkhd
vz;zpfi ; fAila mwptpgg ; g;gLk; `jP]; MFk;”. ]djpd;
; hsh;fshy; mwptpff
Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,Wjptiu ,t;tpjp Ngzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd `jP];
K]; y pk; mwpQu; f shy; kpf cWjpahd Mjhug+h; t khd `jP ] hff;
Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
www.nie.lk -68-
info@nie.lk
my; - M`hj;
! my; - M`hj; vd;w muGg; gjk; m`j; my;yJ th`pj; vd;w muGg;
gjj;jpd; gd;ikr; nrhy;yhFk;. nkhopf; fUj;jpy; xUtu; vd;w fUj;ijf;
nfhs;syhk;. `jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; Kj;jthjpUila epge;jidfis my;yJ
Kjthjpuhd `jP]pd; ]djpy; mlq;Ffpdw ; mwptpgg
; hsh;fspd; vz;zpfi
; fia
vt;tifapYk; milahj `jP]f ; is ,J Fwpf;Fk;. xU `jP]; M`hjhdJ
vd ep&gpf;fg; gl;lhy; c]_Yy; `jP]pd; rl;l tpjpfspd; g b Ma; T
nra;ag;gl;l gpd;dNu mjid Vw;gjh kWg;gjh vd;w jPh;khdk; ngwg;gLk;.
M`hjhd `jP];fs; gy cg gpupTfshfg; gpupf; f g; g l; L s; s d. mit
gpd;tUkhW.
m) mwptpg;ghsh; tupirfspd; (]dj;fs;) vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;J gpd;tUk;
%d;W gpupTfshfg;gpupj;J Nehf;Ftu;.
1. my; k\;`_h;
2. my; m]P];
3. my; fuPg;
! M`hjhd `jP];fis Xh; ,];dhj; nrd;wilAk; Kbtplj;ij fUj;jpw;

nfhz;L %d;whf tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
1. ku;g+/ : ,];dhj; Kbtw;Wj; njhlh;r;rpahf egp(]y;) mtu;fs; t i u
nrd;W ,izAk; `jP];
2. kt;$g; : xU `jP]pd; ,];dhj; ]`hgp tiu kl;Lk; njhlh;e;J
nry;Yjy;
3. kf;J}/ : xU `jP]; jhgp< tiu nrd;W mtNuhL epd;WtpLjy;.
! M`hjhd `jP];fs; ,];dhjpy; Vw;gLk; KwpTfspd; mbg;gilapYk; gy

tiffSf;F cl;gLk;.
1. Kh;]y; : xU `jP]pd; njhlupy; ]`hgpia tpl;Ltpl;L xU jhgp<
Neubahf egp (]y;;) mth;fsplkpUe;J mwptpf;Fk; `jP];
2. Kmy;yf; : xU ,];dhjpd; Muk;gj;jpy; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l
mwptpg;ghsh;fs; tpLgLjy;
3. Kd;fjp/ : xU ,];dhjpd; kj;jpapy; Xu; mwptpg;ghsh; tpLgl;bUj;jy;.
4. K/jy; : xU ,];dhjpy;; njhlh;r;rpahf ,uz;L mwptpg;ghsh;fs; xU
,lj;jpNyh mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ,lq;fspNyh tpLgl;L ,Uj;jy;.
! M`hjhd `jP];fisj; jug;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tplaj;jpy; ,uz;L Kf;fpa

mk;rq;fs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
1. mwptpg;ghsu; xOf;f newpAs;stuhf ,Uj;jy;
2. mwptpg;G rupahdJk;> EZf;fkhdJkhf ,Uj;jy;.
,t;tpuz;L gz;GfSk; ,ize;J fhzg;gLk; xUth; `jP]; mwptpgg ; hsh;fspy;
ek;gpf;ifahdth; vd miof;fg;gLthh;. ,th;fsJ mwptpg;Gf;fs; nghJthf
K`j;jp]Pd;fshy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
! M`hjhd `jP]f
; s; ,t;thwhd jpwdha;Tf;Fk;> jug;gLj;jYf;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;
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info@nie.lk
gl;ljd; tpisthf mit ,uz;L juq;fshf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

1. my; kf;g+y; - Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glf;$ba `jP];
2. my; ku;J}j; - epuhfupf;fg;glf;$ba `jP];
! kf;g+yhd `jP]; vd;gJ nrhy;yg;gl;l xUtupd; ek;gfj;jd;ik tskhdjhf

mikfpdw ; `jP]; tifiaf; Fwpff; pdw ; J. vdNtjhd; ,it Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;
glf;$ba tifiar; rhh;e;jjhf mikfpwJ. ,it ek;gfukhditahfTk;>
Mjhug+h; t khf Vw; W f; nfhs; s g; g lf; $ badthfTk; > Vw; W mky;
nra; a f; $ batd thfTk; > khu; f ; f j; j pd; my; y J \uP m j; j pd; vy; y hj;
JiwfspYk; gpwUf;Fk; Vtf;$badthfTk; mikfpd;wd.
! ku; J }jhd `jP ] ; ku;J}jhd `jP]; vd;gJ nrhy;yg;gl;l nra;jpapd; ek;gfj;

jd;ik tYf;Fd;wpajhf mike;j `jP]; tifiaf; Fwpff ; pdw
; J. ,t;thwhd
`jPi]g; nghWj;jtiu mtw;iw Mjhukhf Vw;fNth> mjdbg;gilapy;
mky; nra;aNth my;yJ nrayhw;wNth> gpwUf;F mtw;iw VtNth KbahJ.
MapDk; ,t;thwhd `jP];fspy; rpy tiffis epge;jidfSld; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;s KbAnkd `jP];fiy ty;Ydh;fs; rpyu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;.
! kf;g+yhd `jP]py;> me;j `jP]pd; juhjuq;fisg; nghWj;J ,U gpupTfshf

tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
1. m]; - ]`P`;
2. my; - `]d;
m]; - ]`P`; (rupahdit> Mjhug+h;tkhdit)

! M`hjhd `jP]pd; tifapy; juj;jpYk;> gyj;jpYk;> ek;gfj;jd;ikapYk;
$ba `jP]; m];-]`P`hd `jP]hFk;.
“ePjpAk;> Neh;ikAk;> cz;ikAKs;s> kddrf;jp my;yJ vOj;jhw;wy; cs;s
mwptpg;ghsu;fspdhy;> Muk;gKjy; ,Wjptiu mwptpg;ghsu; njhlu;Gglhky;
mwptpf;fg;gl;l> Mjhug+h;tkhd `jP];fSf;F K u z p y ; y h j t i f a p y ;
mike;j> `jP]pd; fUj;J Fiwfhzg;gLk; t p j j ; j p y ; mikahj
`jPi]Na ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.”
my; - `]d;
! M`hjhd `jP]; tifapy; ]`P`{f;F mLj;jjhf miktJ `]dhd
`jP]f ; shFk;.
“xU `jP ] ; ]`P ` hdjhf ,Ug; g jw; F j; Njitahd epge; j idfs;
cs; s lf; f g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w ‘my; - og; j ; ’ vDk; Ngzpg; g hJfhf; F k; jpwd;
,yFthdjhf mikfpdw ; mwptpgg
; hsh;fspdhy; mwptpff; g;gLk; `jP]”; `]d;
vdg;gLfpwJ.
! epuhfupf; f g; g l; l `jP ] ;
kf;g+yhd my;yJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glf;$ba `jP];fspd; epajpfspy; Vjht
njhd;iwNaDk; ,of;Fk; `jP]f ; Sk;> epuhfupf;fg;glf;$ba `jP]f
; spNyNa
mlq;Fk;. ,t;thW epuhfupf;fg;gLtjw;F mbg;gilahd %d;W fhuzq;fisf;
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Fwpg;gplyhk;.
1. mwptpg;ghsupd; FiwghL
2. ,];dhjpy; Vw;gLk; KwpT
3. re;jh;g;gtrkhd fhuzq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; gytPdk;
! mwptpg; g hsh; f spd; FiwghL

mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghL uhtpfs; jug;gLj;jypd; mbg;gilapNyNa
jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.
epuhfupf;fg;glf;$ba `jP]; tifapy; s<ghd my;yJ gytPdkhd

`jP]pd; gpuNahfk; gw;wp `jP];fiy ty;Ydh;fs; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fis
Kd;itj;Js; shu;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; gz;Gfs;> rl;lk;> ek;gpf;if
njhlu;g; hd tplaq;fs; jtpu;ej; cgNjrq;fs;> fijfs;> ed;ik jPikNahL
njhlh;ghd tplaq;fspy; gad;gLj;JtJ MFk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;.
vdpDk; gpdt ; Uk; epge;jidf; fikaNt mt;thwhd `jP]f ; isg; gpuNahfpff
;
Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;.
1. Fwpg;gpl;;l `jP]; kpfg;gytPdkhdjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
2. Fwpg;gpl;l `jP]; $Wk; tplak; mbg;gilapy; Mjhug+h;tkhd xU tplakhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
3. Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi]f; nfhz;L nraw;gLk; NghJ Mjhug+h;tkhd `jPi]f;
nfhz;Ljhd; mky; nra;fpNwhk; vd;W ek;gf; $lhJ.
! ed;ik nra;aj; J}z;bAk; jPikia tpl;L vr;rupj;Jk; mwptpf;fg;gLk; `jP];

fspYk; $l xU Kf;fpakhd tplaj;ijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. my;yh`;
tplj;jpy; ,it ,uz;bw;Fk; ngWkhdk; cz;L. mtw;iwf; $l;bNah Fiwj;Njh
$w KbahJ.
! nray;fspd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jf;$wyhNk jtpu Gjpjhf xd;iw cUthf;f

KbahJ. ed;ik nra;aj; J}z;bAk;> jPikia vr;rupj;Jk; tUfpd;w
`jP];fshf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw mwptpg;gjhapd; Nkw;Fwpj;j %d;W
epge;jidfNshL gpd;tUk; ,uz;L epge;jidfisAk; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
1. Fwpg;gpl;l `jP]; gFj;jwpthNyh> ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilfSf;F cl;gl;l
tifapNyh> nkhopuPjpahfNth Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj tpjj;jpy; kpifg;gLj;
jiyf; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
2. Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi]tpl juj;jpy; $ba gykhd Mjhuk; xd;wpw;F Kuzhf
,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
gpujhd `jP]; njhFg;G E}y;fSk; Mrpupah;fSk;
i) ]`P`{y; Gfhup -
,jd; Mrpupau; ,khk; K`k;kj; ,g;D ,];kh<y; my; Gfhup (u`;) mtu;fs;
`p[u; p 194 ,y; Gfhuh vd;w gpuNjrj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;fs;. rpWtajpNyNa je;ijia
,oe;j mth;fs; jhAld; `[;[{f;F nrd;W fw;gjw;fhf mq;Nf jq;fpdhu;fs;.
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! mwpTj;jpwd;> epidthw;wy; cs;stuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

! Muk;gj;jpy; gpf;`; Jiwiaf; fw;w ,tu; gpd;du;; `jP];Jiwapy; <LghL
nfhz;lhu;.
! 1080 Mrpupah;fsplk; `jP];fisf; fw;w ,tuJ Kf;fpakhd Mrpupah;fshf
,];`hf; ,g;D uhìt`;> myp ,g;D kjPdp> Fijgh ,g;D ]<j;> m`;kj;
,g;D `d;gy; MfpNahu; tpsq;Ffpd;whu;fs;.
! `p[h];> $gh> g]uh> Fuh]hd; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W `jP];fisj;
jpul;bdhu;fs;.
! mjpf epidthw;wy; cs;s ,tu;; gy ,yl;rk; `jP]f ; isj; jpul;b mtw;iwj;
juk; gpupj;Jg; 16 tUlfhy Kaw;rpapd; gpd;dh; ]`P`; Gfhupiaj; njhFj;J
toq;fpdhh;fs;.
! mtuplk; Rkhh; 90 000 khzth;fs; fw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs; mth;fSs; ,khk;
jpu;kpjp> ,khk; e]h<> ,khk; K];ypk;> ,g;D Fi]kh> K`k;;kj; ,g;D
e];u; Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.
! cz;ik> nghWik> ,uf;fk;>jahsk;> jh;kk;> tzf;fk; Kjypa ew;Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhh;. `p[;up 256 ,y; Fh;jq; (khartamk) vDk; ,lj;jpy;
tghj;jhdhh;fs;.
! ]`P`{y; Gfhupia vOJtjw;F ,khkth;fs; Rkhh; 6 ,yl;rk; `jP];fis
Nrfupjj ; hu;fs;. mtw;Ws; gj;jhapuk; `jP]f
; isj; Njh;en; jLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
mtw;wpy; 7275 `jP]f ; is tbj;njLj;J ]`P`{y; Gfhupiaj; njhFj;jhu;fs;.
! ,t;thwhd ]`P`hd `jP]; fpue;jk; xd;iwj; njhFg;gjw;F mtuJ
Mrpupauhd ,khk; ,];`hf; ,g;D uhìt`; vd;gtNu fhuzkhfpd;whu;.
! kpfj;J}a;ikahd Kiwapy; Fspj;J> TO nra;J ,uz;L uf;mj;
njhOjjd; gpd;dNu xt;nthU `jPi]Ak; mtu; gjpT nra;Js;shu;.
! ]`P`{y; Gfhup my;Fh;M ; Df;F mLj;j juj;jpy; itj;Jf; fzpff ; g;gLfpdw
; J.
! mjpy; 97 ngupa jiyg;Gfs; cs;sd. (fpjhg;) mit xt;nthd;Wk; gy
rpwpa jiyg;Gfshfg; (ghGd;) gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
! njhFf;fg;gl;l E}iy jdJ Mrpupah;fshd m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gy;> a`;ah
,g;D K<d; Nghd;Nwhuplk;; fhl;b mDkjpiaAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
! ]`P ` {y; Gfhupf; F gy; N tW tpsf; f E}y; f Sk; vOjg; g l; L s; s d.
,u;\hJ\;\hup> gj;`{y; ghup vd;gd mtw;Ws; Kf;fpakhdit.
! ,khk; mtu;fsJ ,ju E}y;fspy; mj;jhupFy; fgPh; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
ii) ]`P`; K];ypk;

! ,jd; Mrpupau; ,khk; K];ypk; ,g;D `[;[h[;. mtu; `p[;up 204,y;
ie]hg+upy; gpwe;jhu;.
! Muk;gf;fy;tpia ie]hg+upy; ngw;w mtu; cau;fy;tpff ; hfTk;> `jP]f
; isj;
jpul;bf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; gy ehLfSf;Fk; gpuahzk; nra;jhu;fs;.
! ,];`hf; ,g;D uhìt`;> K`k;kj; ,g;D a`;ah> m`;kj; ,g;D
`d;gy;> ,khk; Gfhup Nghd;w jiyrpwe;j Mrpupah;fsplk; fw;;whu;.
! jhk; jpul;ba `jP];fs; midj;ijAk; kddkpl;bUe;j ,khk; K];ypk;
mjpf epidthw;wy; kpf;f ehy;tupy; xUtu; vdg; ghuhl;lg;gLfpd;whu;.
! gf; j hjpYk; > ie]hg+upYk; ; `jP ] ; f isf; fw; W f; n fhLj; j ,tUf; F
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Mapuf;fzf;fhd khztu;fs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. mth;fSs; ,khk; jphk ; pjp> mg+gf;u;

,g;D Fi]gh Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.
! jhk; jpul;ba Rkhu; 3 yl;rk; `jP]f
; isg; gFg;gha;eJ
; > mtw;Ws; ehd;fhapuk;
`jP];fisj; njupe;njLj;J ]`P`; K];ypikj; njhFj;jhu;fs;.
! jdJ E}iyj; njhFj;J> gpurpj;jp ngw;w K`j;jp]hd mg+ ]h;M (u`;)
mtu;fsplk; fhl;br; rupnad mDkjp ngw;wjd; gpd;dNu ntspapl;lhu;.
! ,tu; tuyhW> Fh;Md; tpupTiu rhu;e;j Rkhu; 18 E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;.
! ]`P`_y; K];ypKf;F vOjg;gl;l tpsf;f E}y;fSs; ,khk; ettp (u`;)
mtu;fspd; E}Ny gpurpj;jp ngw;wjhFk;.
! rhe;jk;> jahsk;> nghWik> gzpT Kjyhd ew;Fzq;fisg; ngw;wpUe;j
,khkth;fs; `p[;up 261 ,y; ie]hg+upy; tghj;jhdhu;fs;.
iii) Rdd; mg+jht+j;

! ,jd; Mrpupau; ,khk; mg+jht+j; ]{iykhd; ,g;D m\;m];; ]p[p];jhdpy;
`p[;up 201 ,y; gpwe;jhu;.
! ie]hg;g+upy; Muk;gf; fy;tpiaf; fw;w ,th; Fuh]hd;> vfpg;J> ]pupah>
`p[h]; gpuNjrq;fspy; fy;tp fw;wNjhL `jP];fisAk; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;.
! ,tu; ,khk; m`;kj;> a`;ah ,g;D K<d;> ]_iykhd; ,g;D `h;g;
Nghd;w jiyrpwe;j Mrpupau;fsplk; fw;whu;.
! (gpf;`;) rl;lf;fy;tpapYk;> `jP]; JiwapYk; rkkhd Njh;;r;rp ngw;wpUe;j
,tu; g]uhtpy; fw;gpj;J te;jhu;.
! kpFe;j epidthw;wy; cs;stuhf ,Ue;j mtu; jhd; jpul;ba 5 ,yl;rk;
`jP];fis epidtpy; itj;jpUe;jhu;.
! jhd; jpul;ba 5 ,yl;rk; `jP];fspypUe;J 4800 `jP];fisj; Njh;e;njLj;J
`jP]; E}iyj; njhFj;jhu;.
! 20 tUlfhyk; ,e;jKaw;rpapy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;.
! ,khk; mg+jht+j; mth;fspd; fpue;jq;fspy; ]{dd; mg+jht+j; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
! mjid mtu; jdJ Mrpupah; ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gyplk; fhl;b
rupghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
! gpf;`; mbg;gilapy; itj;J Nehf;fpdhy; ,tuJ fpue;jNk MW jpul;Lf;fspy;
Kjyplj;ijg; ngWk; vd;gJ mwpQh;fsJ fUj;jhFk;.
! ,tuJ khztu;fspy; mg+gf;fu;> Y/Y/ ,g;D m/uhgp> ,khk; jpu;kpjp>
,khk; e]h< Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.
! ,iwar;rk;> jpahdk;> ed;wpAzh;T> <if> ew;gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l ,khk;
mtu;fs; `p[;up 275 ,y; g]uhtpy; tghj;jhdhh;fs;.
iv) [hkpcj; jph;kpjp

! ,jd; Mrpupauhd mg+ <]h K`k;kj; ,g;D <]h mj;jph;kpjp (u`;) mth;fs;
`p[;up 209 ,y; Fuh]hdpy; cs;s jph;kpj; vDk; ,lj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;.
! Muk;gf; fy;tpia Fuh]hdpy; Nkw;nfhz;l ,tu; $gh> g]uh> th]pj;>
`p[h]; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; fy;tp fw;wNjhL `jP];fisAk; Nrfupj;J
te;jhu;.
! ,khk; Gfhup> ,khk; K];ypk;> Fijgh ,g;D ]/j;> m`;kj; ,g;D K];dp
MfpNahh; ,khkth;fsJ Mrpupah;fshth;.
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! epidthw;wy; kpf;f ,th; `jP]; fiyNahL jg;]Ph;> gpf;`; JiwfspYk;

rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhu;.
! gy ,yl;rk; `jP];fisj; jpul;bnaLj;j ,khkth;fs; 3956 `jP];fisj;
Njh;e;njLj;J [hkpcj;jph;kpjp E}iy vOjpdhh;fs;.
! ,tuJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd khzth;fSs; K`k;kj; ,g;D m`;kj; k&]p
vd;gth; Kf;fpakhdtuhth;.
! ,e;E}y; gy;NtW rpwg;gk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. `jP];fs;
jpUk;gj;jpUk;g tUtjpy;iy> Gf`hf;fs; ve;j Mjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L
rl;lq;fis tFj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ njspthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> `jP]f
; spd; gpupTfs;
njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd> mwptpg;ghsh;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fKk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> ,khk;fsJ fUj;J NtWghLfSk; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
! E}iyj; njhFj;j ,khkth;fs; `p[h];> <uhd;> Fuh]hd; Mfpa khfhz
mwpQH;fSf;F mjid mDg;gpr; rupghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
! ,iwar;rKk;> ey;nyhOf;fKk;> gz;G eyd;fSk; epiwe;jtuhf ,Ue;j
,khkth;fs; `p[;up 279 ,y; jph;kpjpy; tghj;jhdhh;fs;.
v) ]_dDd; e]h<
! ,jd; Mrpupauhd mG+ mg;Ju; u`;khd; m`;kj; ,g;D RIg; me;e]h<
`p[;up 215 ,y; Fuh]hd; khepy e]h< vDk; Cupy; gpwe;jhu;.
! Muk;gj;jpy; ,khk; Fijgh ,g;D ]<j; mth;fsplk; fy;tpfw;w ,khkth;fs;
gpd;dh; <uhd;> <uhf;> `p[h];> ]pupah> vfpg;J Kjyhd ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W
fw;wNjhL `jP];fisAk; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;. mt;Ntis ,];`hf;
,g;D uhìt`;> ,khk; mg+jht+j>; <]h ,g;D e];h; Kjyhd mwpQh;fsplKk;
fy;tp fw;whu;.
! epidthw;wy; kpf;ftuhd ,th; `jP]; JiwNahL gpf;`; JiwapYk; <LghL
nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhu;.
! jhk; jpul;ba 5 ,yl;rk; `jP];fspypUe;J ,khk;; e]h< m];]{dDy; fgPh;
me;eh]h< vDk; E}iy Kjypy; njhFj;J vOjpa NghJ xU kd;dupd;
Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ]`P`hd `jP];fis khj;jpuk; cs;slf;fpa
]{dDd; e]h<ia vOjpdhu;.
! jkJ `jP]; fpue;jj;ijj; njhFj;j mNj fhyg;gFjpapy; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpYk;
<Lgl;lhu;.
! ,tuJ khzth;fSs; ,khk; jguhzp> ,khk; j`htp MfpNahu;; Kf;fpakhdtu;
fshtu;.
! ,tu; gy];jPdpy; uk;]h vDk; ,lj;jpy; `p[;up 303 ,y; tghj;jhdhu;.
vi) ]{dDd; ,g;D kh[h`;

! ,jd; Mrpupauhd ,khk; mg+ mg;Jy;yh`; K`k;kj; ,g;D a]Pj; my;f];tpd;
`p[;up 209 ,y; <uhdpYs;s f];tpd; vDk; ,lj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;.
! `jP]; jpul;Ljypy; cr;rfl;l
; j;ij mile;j fhyg;gFjpapy; gpwe;J tsh;ej
; jhy;
,tu; ,j;Jiwapy; mjpf <LghL nfhz;lhu;.
! <uhdpYk; gpd;dh; Fuh]hd;> <uhf;> `p[h];> ]pupah> vfpg;J> g]uh> $gh>
th]pj; Kjyhd gpuNjr efuq;fSf;Fk;; nrd;W `jP]; Jiwapy; <Lgl;L
`jP];fisj; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;.
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! ,th;fsJ Mrpupah;fSs; mg+gf;u; ,g;D i\gh> ,khk; ,g;wh`Pk; ,g;D

Kd;]pu; Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;Nfhuhthu;fs;.
! ]{dd; ,g;D kh[h ehw;gjhapuk; `jP]f ; spypUe;J ehd;fhapuk; `jP]f
; is
Nju;e;njLj;J 35 fpjhGfSk; 1500 ghGfSk; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.
! tuyhW> jg;]Pu; JiwapYk; ,tu; E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;.
! ,khkth;fs; `p[;up 273 ,y; tghj;jhdhu;fs;.
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Nju; r ; r p 4.0 : ,]; y hkpa ehfupfj; i j tsu; g ; g jpy; gq; f hw; w pa

fiyfisAk;> INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpa
ehfupfk; Vw; g Lj; j pa jhf; f j; i jAk; tpsf; F thu; .
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 4.1 : gpf;`_f;fiy tsu;r;rpapy; ,[;jp`hj; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj; j pa ghq; f pid tpsf; F thu; .
ghlNtisfs; : 14
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
"""""! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fisg;
gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.
! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf;
$Wthu;.

! my; ,[;jp`hj; vDk; gjk; ~~my; [{`;j;|| (Kaw;rp> rpukk;> mu;g;gzk;
vDk; gjj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jJ. nkhopuPjpahf ,g;gjk; VNjDk; xU fUkj;jpy;
KOg;gyj;ijAk; gpuNahfpj;J ciog;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. my; [p`hj;>
mgy; ,[;jp`hj; vDk; gjq;fs; xNu vOj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J gpwg;git. my;
[p`hj; vd;gJ MAjj;jhy; ,];yhkpa tho;tpaiyg; ghJfhg;gJ Nghy;
my; ,[; j p`hj; Ma; T > mwpTg; gyj; j hy; ,]; y hkpa tho; t paiyg;
ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.
! tiutpyf;fzk;
mfPjh jtpu;e;j ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; Vida vy;yhj; JiwfspYk;

my;Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh Neubj; jPu;g;G $wg;glhj xU gpur;rpidapy;
jFjptha;e;j xU rl;l mwpQu; jkJ Ma;itAk;> mwpitAk; gad;gLj;jp
jPu;T ngWtijf; Fwpf;Fk; topKiwNa ~~my; ,[;jp`hj;|| vdg;gLfpwJ.
,[; j p`hjpw; f hd Mjhuq; f s;
my; F u; M d;
~~my; y h`; ckf; F fhl; b j; j e; j jd; gpufhuk; kf; f Sf; F kj; j papy;
jPu;g;gspg;gjw;fhf rj;jpaj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s ,t;Ntjj;ij ehNk ck;kPJ
epr;rakhf ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;. (4:105)
~~NkYk; mikjpNah my;yJ gPjpNah gw;wpa VNjDk; xU nra;jp mtu;fSf;F

te;Jtpl;lhy; clNd mtu;fs; mjid ntspNa gug;gp tpLfpd;wdu;. mt;thW
nra;ahJ mtu;fs; mjid my;yh`;tpd; J}juplNkh mtu;fspy; khu;f;f
mwpTs;s mjpfhuKilatu;fsplNkh njuptpj;jpUe;jhy; mtu;fspy; Ma;e;J
vLg;gtu;fs; mjid ed;F mwpe;J nfhs;thu;fs;. (4:83)
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! Nkw;Fwpj;j trdj;jpy; tUk; ~~a];jd;gpJ}d|| vd;w gjk; rl;l %yhjhuq;fspy;

,Ue;J jPu;g;Gfis Muha;e;J Njbg; ngWgtu;fisNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ
ngUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.
! my;Fu;Mdpy; rpe;jidiaAk;> gFj;jwpitAk; gad;gLj;JkhW Ntz;Lfpd;w

mNef trdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rpe;jidf;Fk;> Ma;Tf;Fk; ,lkspf;Fk;
gpujhd mk;rkhf ,[;jp`hj; miktjdhy; mtw;iwAk; ,[;jp`hjpw;fhd
Mjhuq;fshff; nfhs;syhk;.
m]; ] {d; d h
! ~~xU ePjpgjp jdJ ,[;jp`hijg; gad;gLj;jp vLf;Fk; jPuT

; rupahf mike;jhy;
,U ed;ikfSk; jtwhf mikAkhapd; xU ed;ikAk; fpilf;Fk; (Gfhup>
K];ypk;)
! KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop) mtu;fis nakDf;F ftu;duhf mDg;Gk; NghJ

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ~~mq;F ck;kplk; xU gpur;rpid te;jhy; vjid
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jPu;g;gspg;gPu;|| vd;whu;fs;. mjw;ftu; ~~my;yh`;tpd;
Ntjj;ijf; nfhz;L jPu;g;gspg;Ngd;|| vd;whu;. ~~mjpy; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;d
nra;tPu;|| vd;wjw;F ~~my;yh`;tpd; J}jupd; ]{d;dh %yk; jPu;g;gspg;Ngd;||
vd;whu;. ~~mjpYk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;d nra;tPu;|| vd;whu;fs;. mjw;F mtu;
~~vdJ mwpitg; gad;gLj;jp ,[;jp`hj; nra;J jPu;g;gspg;Ngd;|| vd;whu;.
mjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ~~my;yh`;tpd; J}jupd; J}jUf;F mUs; Gupe;j
my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk;|| vd;whu;fs;. (fpjhGy; ck;K)
! xU gazj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;j ,U egpj; Njhou;fs; jz;zPu; ,d;ikapd;

fhuzkhf kz;zpdhy; jak;Kk; nra;J njhOifia epiwNtw;wpdu;. gpd;du;
Fwpj;j njhOiff;Fupa Neuk; KbaKd;du; ePu; fpilj;jJ. mtu;fspy; xUtu;
ePiug; gad;gLj;jp TO nra;J Fwpj;j njhOifia kPl;bj; njhOjhu;.
mLj;jtu; njhotpyi; y. ,t;tplak; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; njuptpff
; g;gl;lNghJ
jpUg;gpj; njhohjtiug; ghu;j;J ~~]{d;dhit rupahf epiwNtw;wpdPu;|| ckJ
njhOif ckf;F NghJkhdJ.|| vd;whu;fs;. jpUg;gpj; njhOjtiug; ghu;j;J
~~ckf;F ,uz;L jlit $yp fpilf;Fk;|| vd;whu;fs;. (e]<> mg+jhTj;)
,[; k h
• ,[;jp`hj; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhyk; Kjy; ,d;Wtiu tho;e;j rfy rl;l
mwpQu;fshYk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;L gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,[; j p`hjpd; Njit
• kWik tiuf;Fkhd tho;f;if newpahf ,];yhk; ;mike;Js;sJ. vdpDk;

kdpj mwpTk;> Mw;wy;fSk; tsu;r;rpailfpd;wd. fhykhw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g r%f>
nghUshjhu fhuzpfSk; tsu;r;rpailfpd;wd. ,it Gjpa gpur;rpidfis
cUthf; F fpd; w d. ,j; j ifa gpur; r pidfSf; f hd Neubj; jP u ; g ; G fs;
my;Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh ,y;yhj NghJ ,[;jp`hj; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
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! my;Fu;MdpYk;> ]{d;dhtpYk; gy fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk;ghlhd rl;ltrdq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw rupahfg; Gupe;J nfhz;L nraw;gLj;j ,[;jp`hj;
Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
,[; j p`hjpd; tiffs;
! ,[;jp`hj; nra;ag;gl;l Kiwia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,uz;lhf

tFf;fyhk;.
1. my; ,[;jp`hj; mj; jhk; :
xU K[;j`pj; ,jidtplr; rpwe;j> rupahd xU jPu;Tf;F tuKbahJ vd
khdrPfkhf czUk; msTf;F MokhfTk;> mfykhfTk; mwpitAk;>
Ma;itAk; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhz;l ,[;jp`hj;
2. my; ,[;jp`hj; me;ehfp];
Fwpj;j gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;tpy; mwpT g+u;tkhd Ma;tpd; KOikj;Jtj;ijf;
fhzKbahj ,[;jp`hj;.
! Fwpj;j ,[;jp`hij Nkw;nfhz;l K[;j`pij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.
1. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; Kj;yf;
,d;Ndhu; ,khkpd; mbg;gilfisNah my;yJ mtuJ cg gpupTfisNah
Jizahff; nfhs;shJ jdf;nfd;W jdpahd mbg;gilfis tFj;Jf; nfhz;l
Xu; ,khkpd; ,[;jp`hj;.
2. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; Kfa;aj;
Fwpj;j xU ,khkpd; mbg;gilfis my;yJ cg gpupTfis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L ,d;ndhUtu; nra;j ,[;jp`hj;.
! ,[;jp`hjpd; cs;slf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.
1. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; Fy;yp
jdf;nfd;W jdpj;Jtkhd mbg;gilfis tFj;Jf;nfhz;l Xu; ,khk;
,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; rfy JiwfisAk; cs;slf;fp Nkw;nfhz;l ,[;jp`hj;
2. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; [{];,
Fwpg;gpl;l xU Jiwapy; khj;jpuk; Mw;wy; ngw;Ws;s xU K[;j`pj;
mj;Jiwapy; Nkw;nfhz;l ,[jp`hj;.
! rkfhy r%fj;Njitfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
tifapy; ,[;jp`hij ,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.
1. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; ,d;jpfh,
jFjptha;e;j xU rl;l mwpQuhy; toq;fg;gl;l rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfspy; ,Ue;J

my;yJ mtu;fshy; jPu;g;gspf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fspy; ,Ue;J Mokhd Ma;tpd;
mbahf ey;yijj; njupT nra;jy; ,t;tifapy; mlq;Fk;.
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2. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; ,d;\h,
jFjptha;e;j xU K[;j`pj; GjpanjhU gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd rl;lj;jPu;g;gpy;

,jw;F Kd; vtUk; tuhj xU jPu;g;Gf;F tUtij my;yJ ,Ue;j jPu;g;Gf;F
khw;wkhf Gjpa jPu;nthd;Wf;F tUtij ,J Fwpf;Fk;.
,[;jp`hj; nra;aj; jFjp ngw;Nwhu;
gpdt
; Uk; gz;Gfisg; g+uj
; j
; p nra;jtu;fs; kl;LNk ,[;jp`hj; nra;a KbAnkd
,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;. ,jid %d;W gpupTfspy; mlf;fyhk;.
01. ,[;jp`hj; nra;Ak; juj;ij miltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.
1. my;Fu;Md; gw;wpa epiwthd mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;. rl;ltrdq;fs;>

my; Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fs;> khw;wpa> khw;wg;gl;l trdq;fs;>
xU fUj;ijj; Fwpahf jUk; trdq;fs;> gy nghUs;jUk; El;gkhd
mwpTilatu;fs; kl;LNk nghUs; Gupaj;jf;f trdq;fs;> jg;]Pu; Jiwgw;wpa
mwpT vd;gd ,g;gFjpapy; mlq;Fk;.
2. ]{d;dh gw;wpa Mokhd mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;. `jP];fspd; jd;ik>

juhjuk;> mwptpg;ghsu; gw;wpa kjpg;gPLfs;> jpwdha;Tg; ngWNgWfs;>`jP];
gjg;gpuNahfq;fs;> Fwpj;j `jP];fSld; njhlu;ghd #o; e piyfs; gw; w pa
mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;.
3. mwG nkhopg; GyikAk;> Nju;r;rpAk; cs;stuhf ,Uj;jy;. nkhopg;

Nghf;F> ,yf;fz> mwptpay; kuGfs;> gpuNjr> Nfhj;jpu nkhop tof;fq;fs;
vd;gd gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;.
4. ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,[;khthd KbTfs;

gw;wp mwpjy;.
5. ,];yhkpa rl;l%yhjhuq;fshd fpah];> ,];jp];`hg; Nghd;w

rl;l%yhjhuq;fs; gw;wpa mwpTk;> njspTk; ,Uj;jy;.
02. Xu; ,[;jp`hj; jtWfs; VJkpd;wp g+uzj;Jtkiltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;
1. ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; Nehf;Ffs;> ,yf;Ffs; gw;wpa mwptpUj;jy;. ,];yhkpa

mwpQu;fs; ,jid ~~kfh]pJ\; \uPM|| gw;wpa mwpT vd;fpd;wdu;. rkfhy
,];yhkpa mwpQu;fSs; xUtuhd fyhepjp m`kj; ua;#dp rkfhyg;
gpur;rpidfSf;fhd rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfis toq;Fk; K[;j`pj;fs; ,j;Jiwapy;
Mokhd mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;gJ mtrpakhdJ vd;fpwhu;.
2. r%fj;ijAk;> r%f tho;tpaiyAk; mwpe;jpUj;jy;.
03. Fwpj;j Xu; ,[;jp`hj; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.
1. jf;thTk; ,/yh]{k; cs;stuhf ,Uj;jy;.
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2. ePjpAk;> Neu;ikAk;> ek;gpf;if ehzaKk; cs;stuhf

,Uj;jy;.
K[; j `pj; f spd; gbj; j uq; f s; .
1. my; K[;j`pj; Kj;yf; my; K];jfpy;
jdf;nfd;W jdpahd rl;l mbg;gilfis tFj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;iw

mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L rl; l g; g pur; r pidfSf; F j; jP u ; g ; G toq; F thu; .
my;Fu;MdpYk;> ]{d;dhtpYk; ,lk;ngWk; rl;ltrdq;fis El;gkhf Ma;eJ ;
mwpej
; tuhfTk; mtw;wpypUe;J fhuzfhupa mbg;gilapy; rl;lq;fisj; njupeJ ;
nfhs;sf;$batuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;. ]`hghf;fs;> jhgp<d;fs; fhy Gf`hf;fs;>
ehd;F kj;`GifsAk; cila ,khk;fs;> ,khk; i]j; ,g;D myp> ,khk;
]t;up> [/gU]; ]hjpf;> mt;]h<> yht]; ,g;D ]mj;> jgup> jht+j;
my;yh`pup mo;khspup KjypNahu; ,g;gpuptpy; mlq;Ftu;.
2. my; K[;j`pj; Kj;yf; my; Kd;j]pg;
Fwpj;j Xu; ,khkpd; rl;l %yhjhuq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpr; rl;lj; jPu;g;Gf;fisAk;>

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;g;GfisAk; toq;Fthu;. rpyNghJ jdf;nfd rpy
tpjpfisAk; tFj;Jr; nraw;gLthu;. jhd; rupnadf; fz;l ,khk; jPug ; g
; spff
; hj
gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;g;Gr; nrhy;thu;. ,tuJ rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfs; mtu; Vw;Wf;
nfhz;l ,khkpd; fUj;Jf;F khw;wkhfTk; mikAk;.
,g;gpuptpy; kj;ìg cila ,khk;fspd; khztu;fs; mlq;Ftu;.
- ,khk; mg+`dPghtpd; khztu;fs; (mg+ a+Rg;> `]d;> ]{gu;)
- ,khk; khypfpd; khztu;fs; ( ,g;Dy; fh]pk;> m\;mg;> m];k/)
- ,khk; \hgp,d; khztu;fs; ( K];dp> Gitj.. > ]/guhdp)
- ,khk; m`;kj; ,d; khztu;fs; ( ]hyp`; ,g;D m`;kj;> mg+gf;u; my;

`y;yhy;)
3. my; K[;j`pj; my; Kfa;aj; my;yJ K[;j`pj; my; j`;uP[;
Fwpj; j ,khkpd; rl; l gpupTfisAk; > mtu; ; jdJ rpe; j idfSf; F

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l %yhjhuq;fisAk; ed;F mwpe;J itj;jpUg;ghu;.
Gjpa gpur;rpidfs; tUk;NghJ jdJ ,khkpd; mbg;gilfisg; gpd;gw;wp
jPu;g;gspg;ghu;. rpy rl;l mwpQu;fs; ,tu;fis ~~my; K[;j`pj; gpy; kj;`g;||
vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,t;tifapy; `dgp kj;`gpd; ,khk; fufp> j`htp>
`]d; ,g;D ]pahu;> khypf; kj;`gpd; my; mg;ùp> ,g;D mgP]k;dPd;>
\hgp< kj;`gpd; my; k&]p Nghd;Nwhiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
4. Fwpj;j Xu; ,khkpd; kj;`gpy; Mo;e;j mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;ghu;. jdJ ,khkpd;

fUj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; mtuJ khztu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; kpfg;
nghUj;jkhd fUj;Jf;fis fhy#o;epiyfSf;F Vw;g njupT nra;J
Kd;itf;Fk; jFjp ,tUf;F ,Uf;Fk;. `p 6 Mk; 7 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy;
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tho;e;j Vuhskhd ,khk;fs; ,g;gpuptpy; mlq;Ftu;. `dgp kj;`gpd; gpujhd

,khk;fshd my; fJ}up> fh]hdp> khypfp kj;`gpd; ,khk;fhshd ,g;D
U\;j;> my; kh]pup> \hgp, kj;`gpd; ,khk;fshd ,khk; ettp> ,g;D mgP
mk;&d; `k;gyp kj;`gpd; ,khkhd ,g;D Fjhkh Nghd;Nwhu; ,t;tifapy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.
! ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpy; ,[;jp`hj; fhZk; gzpia ehd;F fyPghf;fSk;>

,g;D k];Cj; (uop)> i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj; (uop) Kjyhd ]`hghf;fSk;
Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. njhlu;e;J te;j jhgp<d;fs; my;yJ cikahf;fs;
fhyj;jpYk; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;l Jiwapy; mwpTs;Nshu; ,jidr; nra;J
te;jdu;. Mdhy; ,f;fhyj;jpy; Kd;dupYk; mjpfkhd gpuNjrq;fs; K];ypkf
; spd;
fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;jikahy; gpur;rpidfs; Kd;dupYk; mjpfkhfj; Njhd;wpd.
vdNt ,f;fhy mwpQu;fspd; gzp ,d;Dk; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngw;wd.
! ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpy;> mtu;fs; `jP];fis ed;fwpe;jpUe;jikahy;

gpur;rpidf;Fupa jPu;g;G my;Fu;Mdpy; Neubahff; fhzg;gltpy;iyahapd;
`jP];fs; %ykhffj; NjlKbe;j epiyapypUe;jhu;fs;. Mdhy; gpw;gl;l
fhyj; j py; vy; N yhUk; `jP ] ; f is mwpe; j pUf; f hikahYk; > mit
njhFf;fg;gl;bUf;fhikahYk; gpur;rpidfis ,yFthfj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s
Kbatpy;iy. mt;Ntis fhupfSk;> K`j;jp];fSk; ,[;jp`hj; fhZk;
Kaw;rpapyPLgl;ldu;. ,tu;fsplk;> K];ypk; Nguurpd; gyghfq;fspYk; tho;e;j
nghJkf;fs; jkJ gpur;rpidfis vLj;Jte;jdu;. kf;fh> kjPdh> $gh>
g]uh> jpkp\;f;(lk];f];) Kjypa efu;fspy; tho;e;j ,t;twpQu;fs; jk;kplk;
tUk; k];myhf;fSf;Fg; gjpyspj;jJf; nfhz;NlapUe;jhu;fs;.
! ,f;fhyj;jpy; gpwnkhopfspypUe;j E}y;fs; mwgpapy; ngau;f;fg;gl;likahy;

K];ypkf ; spilNa mwpTj;Jiwapy; Fwpgg ; plj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. fpNuf;f
jj;Jtr; nry;thf;Fk;> gpwfyhrhuj;jhf;fq;fSk; K];ypk;fisg; ghjpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jd. mwG nkhop mwpahjtu;fs; jkJ gpur;rpidfSf;F my;Fu;Md;-
]{d;dhtpypUe;J Neubahd tpsf;fq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj
epiyapUe;jJ. ,j;jifa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Mj;kf P > murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu
JiwfSf;fhd ,];yhj;jpd; rl;ljpl;lq;fis K];ypk; nghJkf;fSf;Fj;
njhFj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba nghWg;G mwpQu;fshd K[;j`pj;fisr;
rhu;ej
; pUe;jJ. vdNt> ,tu;fs; Kjypy; `jP]f ; isj; jpul;Lk; Kaw;rpaL
P gl;ldu;.
gpd;du;> my;Fu;Md;- `jP]f ; spypUe;J rl;lq;fisg; gpupj;njLf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy;
,wq;fpdu;. ,J gpf;`{f;fiy Xu; mikg;igg; ngw topahf mike;jJ.
! ,t;thW K[;j`pjf ; s; rl;lq;fis cUthf;Fk; NghJ> my;Fu;Md;-]{d;dhtpy;

Nghjpa tpsf;fkpy;yhjtu;fSk; rl;lq;fis ntspg;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jdu;. ,J>
K];ypk; rl;lj;jpd; J}a;ikiaf; nfLf;Fkhjyhy; rl;lf;fiyapyPLglj;
jFjpAilNahu; gw;wpa ,yf;fzk; tFf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J c]{Yy; gpf;`;
vdg;gLk;. ,t;thW `p[;up Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; filrpg;gFjpapy; cUthd
Kaw;rpfs; `p[;up ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; gpf;`{ xU jdpf;fiyahf tsuTk;>
kj;`Gfs; Njhd;wTk; fhyhf mike;jd.
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info@nie.lk

Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 4.2 : mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSld; Jiz %yhjhuq;fspd;
Kf; f paj; J tj; i j mwpe; J mtw; i wg; gpuNahfpg; g hu;
ghlNtisfs; : 20
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fisg;
gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.
! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

nfsY]; ] `hgp
,J Jiz %yhjhuq;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,J kj;`G]; ]`hgp vd;Wk;

miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
nfsY]; ] `hgp rl; l %yhjhuk; vd; g jw; f hd Mjhuk;
• ]`hghf;fs; egp(]y;) mtu;fSf;F kpf neUf;fkhdtu;fs;@; t`p ,wq;Ftij

mtjhdpj;jtu;fs;@ egpatu;fs; rl;l xOq;Ffis Kd;itj;j NghJ Mo;e;J
mtjhdpj; j tu; f s; @ gpd; g w; w patu; f s; vd; w tifapy; egpj; N jhou; f sJ
fUj;Jf;fSk; tho;Tk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;sj; jf;fitahFk;.
• ]`hghf;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs; ,iwj;J}juJ ]{d;dhthfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk;.

Vnddpy; rpyNghJ ]`hghf;fs; ,iwj;J}juJ fUj;Jf;fis mtuJ
fUj;Jf;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gplhky; Kd;itj;j re;ju;g;gq;fSk; cz;L. ,e;j
tifapy; ]`hghf;fsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;F cau;e;j me;j];J nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
• Fwpg;gpl;l xU gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf ]`hghf;fs; jkJ nrhe;j Ma;tpd;

mbg; g ilapy; Fwpg; g pl; b Ue; j hYk; $ l mit rpwe; j fUj; J f; f shfNt
nfhs;sg;gLk;. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; guk;giuapdUs; rpwe;j guk;giuapdu; vd
egpatu;fshy; Nghw;wg;gl;ltu;fshtu;.
• xU ]`hgp Kd;itj;j fUj;jhdJ kf;fspilNa gpugy;ak; mile;J mjid

ahUk; kWf;fhtpl;lhy; mJ ,[;kh ]{$jpapd; me;j];ij milfpwJ.
• rpy Fu;Md; trdq;fSk; `jP]f

; Sk; ]`hghf;fsJ cau;epiyia vLj;Jf;
fhl;LtJ mtu;fsJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij
czu;j;Jk;.
cjhuzkhf : ~~ehd; vdJ ]`hghf;fSf;F ek;gpf;iff;Fupatu;. mt;thNw

vdJ ]`hghf;fs; vdJ ck;kj;jpdUf;F ek;gpf;iff;Fupatu;fs;.||
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info@nie.lk
• rpy rl;l mwpQu;fs; nfsY]; ]`hgpia Mjhukhff; nfhs;tjpy;iy.

mjw;F mtu;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fshtd.
m). ]`hghf;fs; gpiotpLtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;l k/]_k;fs; my;yu;.

mtu;fSk; Vida K[;j`pjf; isg; Nghd;wtu;fNs K[;j`pjf; s; rpyNghJ
gpioahd KbTfSf;F tuf;$Lk;.
M). rpy NghJ jq;fsJ gj;thf;fspy; jhk; gpiotpl;lij ]`hghf;fs;

Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
,). ]`hghf;fs; gpiotpl;l NghJ gpwu; mjidj; jpUj;jptpl;l re;ju;gg

; q;fSk;
cz;L
<). rpy ]`hghf;fs; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; jhgp<d;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis Vw;Wf;

nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
c). ]`hghf;fs; gw;wp rpyhfpj;Jf; $wg;gl;l `jP];fs; mtu;fsJ cau;e;j

me;j];ij czu;j;JtNjnahopa jtWfspypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;
vd;w fUj;ijj; ju khl;lh.
• nfsY]; ]`hgp Fu;Md; ]{d;dh Nghd;w xU %yhjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLt

jpy;iy. khwhf Fu;Md; ]{d;dhtpd; mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fis
gyg;gLj;JtjhfTk; rpyNghJ r%f eput
; hf mk;rq;fs; Fwpjj
; tplaq;fSf;Fj;
jPu;T ngWtjw;fhfTk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
my; - ,[; k hc
• ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fspy; Fu;MDk;> `jP]{k; kpfg;
gpujhd ,lj; i j tfpf; f pd; w d. ,t; t puz; L k; t`papd; mbg; g ilapy;
mike;jpUg;gNj mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ,t;tpuz;L %yhjhuq;fSld;
,[;jp`hjpd; mbg;gilapy; cUthfpa Jiz %yhjhuq;fSk; ,];yhkpa
tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wp tsu;rr
; p ngw;wd. ,t;tupirapy; Njhd;wpa kpf Kf;fpakhd
xU Jiz %yhjhuNk ,[;khcthFk;.
• ,[;khc vDk; mwGg; gjk; ~m[;km| vDk; mwGr; nrhy;ypypUe;J Njhw;wk;

ngw;wjhFk;. xd;W Nru;j;jy;> cWjp nfhs;Sjy;> xj;j fUj;Jf; nfhs;sy;>
VNfhgpj;j fUj;Jf; nfhs;sy; vDk; nkhopf; fUj;Jf;fspy; ,g;gjk;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; gpd;tUk; fUj;jpNyNa mJ
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;jpd; gpd; VjhtnjhU
fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;T Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh
njspthff; fhzg;glhjNghJ mg;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;itg; ngWtjw;F
mf;fhyj;jpy; thOk; K[;j`pJfs; midtUk; ,[;jp`hj; nra;tjd; %yk;
VNfhgpj;j fUj;Jf; nfhs;tNj ,[;khc MFk;.
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info@nie.lk
,[;khc rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;
my;Fu;Md; Mjhuq;;fs;
• ~~,d;Dk; Neuhd top ,d;dnjd;W jdf;Fj; njspthdjd; gpd;du; vtu;

(ek;Kila) ,j;J}jUf;F khWnra;J> tpRthrpfspd; topay;yhj (NtW
topahd) ijg; gpd;gw;WfpwhNuh mtiu ehk; mtu; jpUk;gpa (jtwhd)
topapNyNa jpUg;gp tpLNthk;. (gpd;du;) mtiu eufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;.
mJ nrd;wilA kplj;jpy; kpff; nfl;lJ.|| (14:115)
• ~~ePq;fs; my;yh`;tpw;F topg;gLq;fs;> mt;thNw mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; topg;

gLq;fs;. ,d;Dk; cq;fspy; (my;yh`;tpw;Fk;. u]_Yf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLfpd;w)
jiytu;fSf;Fk; topg;gLq;fs;.|| (4:59)
• NkYk; (Aj;j) mikjpNah my;yJ gPjpNah gw;wpa ahnjhU nra;jp

mtu;fSf;F te;Jtpll ; hy; (clNd) mtu;fs; mjid (ntspapy; kf;fspilNa)
gug;gp tpLfpdw
; du;. (mt;thW nra;ahJ) mjid (my;yh`;Tila J}juplKk;>
mtu;fspy; (khu;ff; QhdKs;s) mjpfhuKilatu;fsplKk; njuptpj;jpUe;jhy;>
mtu;fspypUe;J mjid Ma;e;J vLg;gtu;fs; mjid (ed;F) mwpe;J
nfhs;thu;fs;. NkYk; (tpRthrpfNs) my;yh`;Tila NguUSk; mtDila
fpUigAk; cq;fs; kPJ ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; (cq;fspy;) Fiwthdtu;fisj;
jtpu ePq;fs; ahtUk; i\j;jhidNa gpd;gw;wpapUg;gPu;fs;. (4:83)
• Kjypy; Fwpgg ; plg;gl;l ,iwtrdj;jpy; ,iwek;gpfi

; fahsu;fspd; fUj;JfSf;F
topg;gLtJ khu;ff ; f; flik vd;gJk;> mjw;F Kuz;gLtJ jz;lidf;FupaJ
vd;gJk; czu;j;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,uz;lhtJ trdj;jpy; ~cYy; mk;u;| vDk;
K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; mwpQu;fSf;F my;yJ K[;j`pJfSf;F my;yJ
jiytu;fSf;F topg;gLk;gb fl;lisaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;whtJ trdj;jpy;
gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ mwpQu;fs;> nghWg;ghsu;fis ehb mjid Ma;e;J
jPuj
; J
; f; nfhs;SkhW Ntz;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. MfNt ,g;Nghjidfs; ,[;khctpd;
mbg;gil apy; mwpQu;fs; toq;Fk; VNfhgpj;j KbTfs; gpioahf ,Uf;f
KbahJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
]{d; d htpd; Mjhuq; f s;
• ~~vdJ r%fj;jpdu; jtwhd tplaq;fspy; xd;Wgl khl;lhu;fs;.|| (,g;D

kh[h)
• ~~rj;jpaj;jpy; epiyj;jpUf;ff; $ba xU $l;lk; vdJ r%fj;jpy; vd;nwd;Wk;

,Ue;J tUthu;fs;.|| (mg+ jhT+j;)
• ~~ahu; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLtjpypUe;J tpyfpr; nrd;W [khmj;ij

tplL
; k; gpupeJ
; kuzpff
; pdw
; hNuh mtuJ kuzk; ([h`pypaa
; j;ij) klikiar;
Nru;e;jjhFk;.|| (K];ypk;)
• ~~K];ypk;fs; ey;yjhff; fUJgit my;yh`;tplk; ey;yjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

mt;thNw mtu;fs; jPajhf fUJgit my;yh`;tplk; jPajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.||
(m`;kj;)
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• ~~ahu; Rtu;ff
; j;jpd; ,d;gq;fisr; Ritf;f tpUk;GfpwhNuh mtu; r%fj;NjhL
,ize;jpUf;fl;Lk;.||
• Nkw;gb `jP];fspy; K];ypk; r%fk; rj;jpaj;jpy; xd;WgLgthu;fs; vd;w

fUj;J vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; cz;ikf;F Kuzhdtw;wpy;
K];ypk; r%fk; xd;Wgl khl;lhJ vd;w fUj;Jk; typAWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
khu;f;fj;jpy; njspTs;s ,iwNeru;fspd; KbTk; my;yh`;tpd; KbthfNt
fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,[;khctpd; KbTfSf;F K];ypk;fs; fl;Lg;glf;
flikg;gLfpd;whu;fs;.
• kdpjdpd; rPupa gFj;jwpT ,[;khctpd; mtrpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ.

rpy gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;T fhz;gjw;F Fu;Md; ]{d;dhtpy; njspthd
Mjhuq;fs; fhzg;glhjNghJ ]`hghf;fSk; ,[;khc %yNk jPuT ; ngw;wdu;.
vdNt ,];yhj;jpd; capNuhl;lj; jd;ik> eilKiwr; rhj;jpak; vd;gtw;iw
tpsf;Ftjw;F ,[;khc ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Vnddpy;> Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU
gpur;rpidapy; K[;j`pj;fs; ahtUk; VNfhgpj;J> vt;tpj vjpu;gG
; kpd;wp> fUj;J
Kuz;ghbd;wp xU Kbtpw;F tUthu;fshapd; mJ ,];yhkpa vy;iyf;F
ntspNa nry;yhJ. MfNt gFj;jwpT uPjpahf Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJk; ,[;khc
mtrpakhd jhFk;. mjdbg;gilapy; ngwg;gLfpd;w jPuk ; hdq;fSf;F K];ypk;
r%fj;jpdu; fl;Lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; njspthfpd;wJ.
,[; k hctpw; f hd epajpfs;
• ,[;khtpd; mbg;gilapy; xU Kbitg; ngWtjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; epajpfs;

Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
1. ,[;khc Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l K[;j`pJfs; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;.
2. K[;j`pJfspd; VNfhgpj;j Kbitg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;.
3. K[;j`pJfs; jkJ Kbit thu;ji

; jfshy; my;yJ nraypdhy; ntspgg
; Lj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
• Nkw;Fwpj;j epajpfSf;Fl;gl;l tifapy; ngwg;gl;l ,[;khcthd KbTfisg;

gpd;gw;WtJ K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; nghWg;ghFk;.
,[; k hctpd; tiffs;
m ) ,[; k hc ]uP ` ;
• rkfhyj;jpy; tho;fpd;w K[;j`pJfs; xt;nthUtUk; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l

rl;lg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghfj; jkJ fUj;ijAk; epiyg;ghl;ilAk; njspthf
Kd;itg;gjd; %yk; xUikg;gl;l Kbnthd;Wf;F tUtijNa ~,[;khc
]uP`;| vd;W mwpQu;fs; milahsg;gLj;Jtu;. ~,[;khc ]uP`;| vd;gJ
~njspthd ,[;khc| vd;w fUj;ijj; jUk;. ,j;jifa ,[;khcNt
Mjhug+u;tkhdjhf midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F
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cjhuzkhf egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;jpd; gpd;du; ,];yhkpa murpd;

jiytuhf mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; njupTnra;ag;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
M ) ,[; k hc ]{$jp
• VNjDnkhU rl;lg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf K[;j`pJfspy; xUtu; xU

fUj; i jj; njuptpj; J mf; f Uj; J gpugy; a kile; j epiyapy; Vida
K[;j`pJfs; mJ njhlu;ghf rhu;ghfNth> vjpuhfNth vf;fUj;ijAk;
njuptpf;fhJ nksdkhf ,Ue;jhy; mjid ~,[;kh ]{$jp| nksd epiyapy;
ngwg; g l; l ,[; k hc vd mwpQu; f s; milahsg; g Lj; J tu; . ~,[; k hc
]{$jpia| ,[;khcthff; nfhs;syhkh vd;gJ Fwpj;J mwpQh;fspilNa
fUj;J NtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd.
,) ,[;khc Kuf;fg;:
• Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU tplaj;jpy; xU fhyg; gpuptpd; rl;l mwpQu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l

rpy fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,t;tidj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; khw;wkhf
xUtu; Gjpjhf xU fUj;ij ntspaplf; $lhJ vd;gu;. ,jw;F cjhuzkhfg;
gpd;tUk; ,[;khc Kbitf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
• K];ypk;fspy; Mz;fs; jhbia tsu tpLtNjhL njhlu;Gila rl;lj;jpy;

rl;l mwpQu;fs; gpd;tUk; fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
1. jhb tsu;g;gJ ]{d;dj;jhdjhFk;.
2. jhb tsu;g;gJ th[pghdjhFk;.
• jhb itg;gij ]{d;dj; vdTk;> th[pG vdTk;> mjd; juj;jpy; fUj;J NtW
ghL nfhz;lhYk; jhb itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; xd;Wgl;ldu;. MfNt
jhbia ePf;FtJ vd;w xU Gjpa fUj;ij nfhz;L tu KbahJ vd
xd;Wgl;Ls;sdu;.
<) ,[; k hc mf; ] upa; a h:
• VNjDnkhU rl;lg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf K[;j`pJfspy;

ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhu; xU fUj;jpy; cld;gl;L kw;Wk; rpy K[;j`pJfs;
Kuz;gl;lhYk; mJ ,[;kh Kbthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;gNj ,[;kh
mf;]upaa; hthFk;. K[;j`pJfspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ KbT ,[;khthFkh
vd;gjpy; gy;NtW tpjkhd fUj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1. ~,[;kh mf;]upaa ; h| ,[;kh Kbthf nfhs;sg;gl khl;lhJ vd;gNj ,];yhkpa

mwpQu;fsJ nghJthd fUj;jhFk;. ,[;kh xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Mjhuq;fs; KO r%fj;ijAk; jOtpajhf mike;Js;sNj
ad;wp r%fj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhu; jtwpiof;f khl;lhu;fs; vd;gijf;
fhl;lkhl;lhJ vd;gJ mtu;fsJ thjkhFk;. ]`hghf;fsJ eilKiwAk;
,jidNa czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fs;
ngUk; g hd; i kapdupd; fUj; J f; f Sf; F khw; w khd fUj; j pidNa rpy
gpur;rpidfspy; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; vd ,tu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.
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2. ,[;khc mf;]upa;ahit ,[;khthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gJ rpy

mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;. ,tu;fSs; ,khk; K`k;kj; ,g;D [uPu; mj;jgup>
mg+gf;u; mu;uh]p> m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gy; Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.
3. ,d;Dk; rpyu; Kj;jthjpUila vz;zpf;ifia tplf; Fiwe;j mstpy;

Kuz; gl; N lhu; ,Ug; g pd; ngUk; g hd; i kNahuJ fUj; J ,[; k hthf
nfhs;sg;glyhk; vdf; fUJfpd;wdu;.
4. kw;Wk; rpyu; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ KbT xU MjhuNkad;wp ,[;khty;y

vd;fpd;wdu;.
5. NtW rpyu; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ Kbitg; gpd;gw;WtJ nghUj;jkhdJ

vd;fpd;wdu;.
,[; k hctpd; gpupTfs;
• ,[;khc MdJ mjid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mbg;gilahf mike;j

Mjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,U tifg;gLk;.
1. ,[;kh ef;yp:
my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dh vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cUthFk; ,[;kh.

c-k;: ngz;fSf;Fj; jq;fk; `yhyhdJ vd;w VNfhgpj;j Kbitf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
2. ,[;khc ,[;jp`hjp:
Vida rl;l %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; ,[;khc.
cjhuzk;: mg+gf;u;(uop) mtu;fs; fyPghthfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;lijf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.
• ,];yhk; vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; typAWj;Jfpd;w my;yJ fl;bnaOg;g

Kaw; r pf; f pd; w Xu; mbg; g il mk; r k; K]; y pk; f sJ If; f paKk; >
xUikg; g hLkhFk; . kpfg; gpujhd ,iwtzf; f q; f spYk; md; w hl
tptfhuq;fspYk; ,jid Vw;gLj;j ,];yhk; Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy;
,[; k hc vDk; Jiz %yhjhuj; j pd; mbg; g ilapYk; K]; y pk; f sJ
fUj;njhw;Wikiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;J eilKiw tho;f;ifapy; mtw;iwg;
gpujpgypf;f itf;f Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ. vdNt K];ypk;fsJ
fUj;njhUikg;ghl;bw;F cau;e;j rhd;whf ,[;khc fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fpah]; (xg; G Nehf; f y; )
• fpah]; vDk; muGr; nrhy; msj;jy;> xg;GNehf;fy;> rkg;gLj;jy; vd;w

fUj;Jf;fisj; jUk;.
• ,];yhkpa gupghi\apy; rl;lk; njspthf tuhj xU Gjpa gpur;rpidf;Fupa

jPu;g;ig> rl;lk; njspthff; $wg;gl;l mNjNghd;w xU gpur;rpidAld;
xg;GNehf;fp> mj;jPu;g;ig Gjpa gpur;rpidf;F toq;Fjy;.
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• ,];yhkpa rl;l %yhjhuq;fSs; ehd;fhk; ,lj;ijg; ngWk; fpah];> Kjy;

%d;W rl;l%yhjhuq;fshd my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dh> ,[;khc Mfpatw;Ws;
xd;wpNyDk; jPu;T fpilf;fhj NghNj nraw;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
• nghJg; gz;Gfspy; xj;j jd;ik fhzg;gLk;NghJ> ,U tplaq;fSf;Fk;

xNu rl;lk; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vspikahd xU tplakhFk;.
,e; j rkj; J tf; Nfhl; g hl; i l my; F u; M Dk; gy; N tW ,lq; f spy;
typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
g+kpapy; mtu;fs; gazk; nra;J mtu;fSf;F Kd;du; ,Ue;jtu;fspd; KbT

vg;gb Mapw;W vd;gij mtu;fs; ghu;f;ftpy;iyah? (47:10)
• nghJg;gz;Gfs; fhzg;glhjNghJ mtw;iwg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;lTk; my;Fu;Md;

jaq;ftpy;iy. ~~jPikfisr; rk;ghjpj;jhu;fNs mtu;fs;> <khd; nfhz;L
ew;nray;fs; Gupe;jhu;fNs mtu;fisg; Nghd;W (kWikapy;) mtu;fisAk;
ehk; Mf;fptpLNthk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;lhu;fsh? mtu;fs; capu; tho;tJk;
mtu;fs; kuzkiltJk; rkkhdjhFk;. mtu;fs; jPu;g;Gr; nra;tJ kpff;
nfl;l jhfptpl;lJ.|| (45:21)
~~mwpe; j tu; f shf ,Ug; g tu; f Sk; mwpahkypUg; g tu; f Sk; (jk; k py; )
rkkhthu;fsh?|| (39:9)
• f];mkpa;ah vd;w ngz;kzp egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;> vdJ je;ij `[;i[

epiwNtw;whJ kuzpj;Jtpl;lhu;. mjid ehd; epiwNtw;wyhkh? vdf; Nfl;f>
cdJ je;ij tpl;Lr; nrd;w flid ePu; epiwNtw;wpdhy; mJ epiwNtWkh?
vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpdtpdhu;fs;. mjw;F mg;ngz; ~Mk;| vdf; $w>
~my;yh`;Tf;Fupa fld; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F kpfTk; cupj;JilaJ| vd egp
(]y;) mtu;fs; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. (Gfhup)
fpah]; ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjh?
• ,t;tplak; njhlu;ghf %d;W fUj;Jf;fSk; mjid xl;ba nraw;ghLfSk;

,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1. fpahi] xU rl;l%yhjhukhf Vw;wy; Ntz;Lk;. my;Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtp

Nyh> ]`hghf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspNyh> ,[;khctpNyh jPu;g;G vJTk;
fhzg; g lhjNghJ Njitf; N fw; g ,jidg; gpuNahfpj; j y; Ntz; L k; .
,f;fUj;ijNa ngUk;ghyhd rl;l mwpQu;fs; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
2. ,];yhkpa rl;lf; fiyapy; fpah];> mwNt mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj xd;whFk;.

,f;fUj;ij sh`puP kj;`gpdUk; \PM ,khkpahf;fSk; $Wfpd;wdu;. sh`puP
kj;`gpdu;> rl;l trdq;fSf;Ff; fhuzk; fw;gpg;gij KOikahf vjpu;jj
; du;.
xt;nthU trdj;ijAk; ntspg;gilahfNt Nehf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtu;fs;
fUjpdu;.
3. kj;`Gfis gpd;gw;Wk; rpyu;> fpahi] msTkPwpg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. nghJj;

jd;ikapy; xd;Wglhj ,U tplaq;fspy; type;J mjid xd;WgLj;j
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Kide;jdu;. rpyNghJ> Fwpg;ghf khypf; kj;`gpdu; my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dhtpy;

nghJthf te;jtw;iw fpah]; Fwpg;ghf;Fk; vd;wstpw;Ff; $l nrd;wdu;.
fpah]; \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;
• ~~K/kpd;fNs! my;yh`;Tf;F topg;gLq;fs;. ,d;Dk; (mtd;) w]_Yf;Fk;

cq;fspy; mjpfhuk; cilatUf;Fk; topg;gLq;fs;. VNjDk; xU tp\aj;jpy;
gpzq;fpf; nfhz;lhy; my;yh`;itAk; ,WjpehisAk; ePq;fs; <khd;
nfhs;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jhy;. mjid my;yh`;tpd; gf;fKk; (mtd;) u]_ypd;
gf;fKk; jpUg;gp tpLq;fs;. ,J cq;fSf;F kpfr; rpwe;jjhfTk;> kpf mofpa
KbthfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.|| (4:59). ,e;j ,iwtrdj;jpy;> my;yh`;tplKk; mtdJ
J}juplKk; jpUk;gpr; nry;tJ vd;gJ Gjpa gpur;rpidf;Fr; rl;lk; NjLk;NghJ
rl;l trdq;fSf;fhd fhuzq;fisj; Njb mjd; %yk; jPu;g;Gg; ngWtijf;
Fwpf;Fk;. ,jidNa fpah]; vd;fpd;Nwhk;.
• my; F u; M Nd gy; N tW rl; l q; f Sf; F upa fhuzq; f isAk; nghJj;

jd;ikfisAk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf:
fdPkj; nghUl;fs; gyuplKk; gpupe;J nry;y Ntz;bajw;fhd fhuzk;:

~~(Vnddpy; nghUs;) cq;fspy; nry;te;ju;fSf;F kj;jpapy; (kl;Lk;) Rw;wp
tUtjha; MfhkypUg;gjw;fhf...|| (59:7)
• kJTk; #jhl;lKk; jilnra;ag;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk;: ~~i\j;jhd; tpUk;Gt

njy;yhk;> kJtpdhYk; #jhl;lj;jpdhYk; cq;fSf;fpilNa gifikiaAk;
ntWg;igAk; cz;lhf;Ftjw;Fk; my;yh`;Tila jpfi ; u tplL
; k; njhOifia
tpl;Lk; cq;fis mtd; jLg;gjw;FNkahFk;.|| (5:91)
• ]{d;dhTk; rl;lq;fSf;Fupa fhuzq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf:
xUtu; gpwuJ tPlb

; y; Eiotjw;F Kd; mDkjp Nfl;ly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhd
fhuzk;: ~~ghu;it fhuzkhfNt mDkjp NfhuNtz;Lk; vd
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.||
• ]`hghf;fs; fpahi] Vw;Wr; nraw;gLtjhf ,[;khthd KbntLj;jpUe;jdu;.

me;j mbg;gilapyj; hd; mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; njhOiff;F ,khkj; nra;tij
fpyhgj;Jf;Fj; jFjp ngWtjw;fhd fhuzkhf ]`hghf;fs; fUjpdu;.
• rpy K/j]pyhf;fs;> sh`pupa;ahf;fs;> ,khkpahf;fs; Nghd;Nwhu; fpah];

\uPmj;jpd; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjy;y vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;.
mu; f hDy; fpah];
• fpah]; ehd;F mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;lJ.
1 . m];y:; ,];yhkpa rl;l %yhjhuq;fspdhy; njspthf rl;lk; Fwpgg

; plg;gl;Ls;s
tplak;. ,e;j mbg;gil my;Fu;Md; my;yJ ]{d;dh my;yJ ,[;khctpy;
te;jjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ngUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.
,[;khctpw;F cjhuzk;:
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• gUt taijaile; j > rP u ; i kahd> Gj; j pAs; s ngz; Z f; F mtsJ

nrhj;Jf;fis itj;jpUf;Fk; g+uz cupikAz;L. mt;tplaj;jpy; ahUk;
jiyapl KbahJ vd;w ,[;khthd Kbit itj;J> mt;thwhd ngz;
tpUk;ghj xUtiu mtSf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J itf;f KbahJ. mtSf;F
jdJ fztidj; njupT nra;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; g+uz cupik cz;L
vd;w jPu;khdk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
2 . gu;c: jPu;T fhz Ntz;ba Gjpa gpur;rpid ,jw;F ,uz;L epge;jidfs;

cz;L.
,g;Gjpa gpur;rpidf;F Neubahfr; rl;l trdq;fs; %yk; jPu;g;G tuhjjhf

,Uj; j y; Ntz; L k; . njspthfj; jP u ; g ; G ,Uf; F k; gl; r j; j py; fpah];
nry;YgbahfhJ.
gu;ctpy; fhuzk; xd;W ,lk;ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;;. me;jf; fhuzk; m];ypYk;

gu;ctpYk; tpj;jpahrg;glhJ ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
3 . ,y;yj;: fhuzk;> nghJj; jd;ik
• fpah]pd; Kf;fpa xU $whf ,y;yj; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mjw;Ff; fPo;tUk;

epge;jidfs; cz;L.
m) ,y;yj; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
M) ,y;yj; rl;ltpjpapd; epue;jug; gz;ghfTk; vr;re;ju;gg

; j;jpYk; khwhjjhfTk;
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fhyk;> ,lk;> Neuk;> jdpkdpju;fspd; khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g
,y;yj; khwhjjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,) rl;lj;jpwF
; k; ,y;yj;jpwF
; k; ,ilapy; kpfr; rupahd nghUj;jg;ghL ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ mJ cz;ikf; fhuzpahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
cjhuzkhf kJ jLf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk;> mJ Nghij juf; $bajhf

,Ug;gjhFk;. mJ jputnkd;gjdhNyh Fwpjj
; epwk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ug;gjdhNyh
md;W.
<) ,y;yj; Fwpj;jnjhd;Wf;fhf vd;wpuhJ kw;nwhd;Wf;Fk; mKyhf;ff;

$bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
c) me;j ,y;yj;ij Vw;f KbahJ vdr; rl;l trdk; vJTk;

te;jpUf;ff;$lhJ. mjhtJ rl;l trdj;jpw;F Kuzhd Xu; ,y;yj;ijf;
nfhz;L tu KbahJ.
4 . `{Fk;: rl;lk;
• my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dh> ,[;kh vd;Dk; rl;l %yhjhuq;fspd; Clhfg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; `{Fk; vdg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd rl;lq;fisg;
Gjpa gpur;rpidf;Fg; nghUj;JtNj fpah]pd; gzpahFk;. mjw;Ff; fPo;tUk;
epge;jidfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
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m) mJ eilKiw tho;T njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
M) khw;wg;gl;l (kd;#f; nra;ag;gl;l) rl;ltpjpahf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
,) rl;ltpjpfSf;Fupa fhuzj;ijg; gFj;jwpitf; nfhz;L mwpaf; $bajhf

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
<) Fwpj;j rpy egu;fSf;nfd mike;j rl;ltpjpfshf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
fpah]pd; tiffs;
• ,y;yj;jpd; ngWkhdj;ij ikakhf itj;J fpah]; %d;W tifahfg;

gpupAk;.
1 . fpah]{y; mt; y h:
gu;ctpy; fhzg;gLk; ,y;yj; m];ypd; ,y;yj;ij tpl ngWkhdj;jpy; $Ljyhf

,Uj;jy;.
cjhuzk; : ngw; N whUf; F j; Jd; G Wj; j y; nra; t ijj; jLj; J s; s >

~~mtu;fspUtUf;F eP ~rP| vd;Wk; $wptplhNj|| (17:23) vd;w trdj;jpy;
thu;ji
; j uPjpahfj; Jd;GWj;jy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjid tpl mtu;fSf;F
rhl;ilahy; mbg;gJ fLikahdJ. xU K/kpidg; gw;wp ey;yjhfNt
vz;Zjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w `jP]pypUe;J mtidg; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJk;
ey;yijNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ NkyhdJ vd;w fUj;ijg; ngwyhk;.
2 . fpah]{y; K]htP :
m];ypYk; gu;ctpYk; ,Uf;Fk; ,y;yj; rkkhd ngWkhdk; nfhz;ljhf

,Uj;jy;. cjhuzk;: eha; ef;fpa ghj;jpuj;ij VOKiw fOTkhW `jP];
$WfpwJ. gd;wp ef;fpdhYk; mt;thW VOKiw fOTjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ
rkkhd fpah]pd; %yk; ngwg;gl;ljhFk;.
3 . fpah]{y; mj; d h:
m];iy tplTk; gu;ctpy; cs;s ,y;yj;jpd; ngWkhdk; Fiwthdjhf

,Uj;jy;.
cjhuzk;: Nghij Vw;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ kJrhuk; jLf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;.
rpy kJrhuq;fspy; Nghijapd; tPjk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gpDk; mjw;F ùhk;

vd;w rl;lNk toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
fpah]pd; gad; f s;
• ,];yhkpa rl;lf; fiy tsu;r;rpf;Fj; Jiz nra;fpwJ.
• Gjpjhfj; Njhd;Wk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T ngw cjTfpwJ.
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• vy;yhf; fhyj;jpYk; Njhd;Wk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T ngw KbAk; vd;w

fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.
• ,];yhj;jpd; ,af;f rf;jpiag; Ngz topnra;fpwJ.
my; ,];jp`;]hd
hd;
• my; ,];jp`;]hd; nkhopf;fUj;jpy; ey;ynjd> rpwe;jnjd> mofhdnjd

fhzy;/ fUJjy; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.
• ,jw;Fg; gy tiutpyf;fzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws;
m) ~xU fpahi] tpl;Lk; ePq;fp mjidtplg; gykhd xU fpahi]

Nehf;fpr; nry;tjhFk;.|
mjhtJ fpah]; rpy ,lq;fspy; nghUj;jkpy;yhJ mikAk;. rpy NghJ

mjd; gpuNahfj;ij tpl;Ltpl Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. mg;NghJ fpahi] tpl;Lg;
gpwpnjhU jPu;Tf;F tUk; Kaw;rpNa ,];jp`;]hd; MFk;.
M) ~Fwpg;gpl;l Mjhuk; Kd;itf;fpd;w rl;lj;jPu;g;Gf;Fg; gfukhf kdpju;fsJ

eyd;fUjp mtu;fsJ tho;tpy; fhzg;gLk; kuG> tof;F vd;gtw;iw
Nehf;fpr; nry;tNj ,];jp`;]hd; MFk;.|
• ,];jp`;]hd; kdpj Mir> tpUg;G> ntWg;G> kNdh ,r;ir Mfpatw;iwf;

nfhz;like;jjd;W vd;gij tiutpyf;fzq;fs; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd.
• khypfp> `dgp kj;`gpdu; ,ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. vdpDk; \hgp<>

`k;gyp kj;`gpdu; ,ij xU rl;l %yhjhukhff; nfhs;tjpy;iy.
,];jp`;]hd; tiffs;
m). ntspg;gilahf ,Uf;Fk; fpahi] tpl;Ltpl;L kiwe;jpUf;Fk; fpah]pw;Fr;

nrd;W KbT $wy;.
cjhuzk:; fOF> fhfk;> gUe;J Nghd;w Ntl;ilg;gwitfs; mUe;jpajd;

gpd;G vQ;Rfpd;w ePu; Rj;jkhdJ vd ,];jp`;]hd; mbg;gilapy; jPu;T
ngwg;gLfpwJ.
• ,q;F Ntl;ilg;gwitfs; mUe;jpa gpd;du; vQ;rpa ePiu> kdpjd; mUe;jpa

gpd; vQ;rpa ePUlNd xg;gpl;L KbT ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ. Vnddpy; kdpjd;
mUe;jpa gpd; vQ;rpa ePu; Rj;jkhdjhFk;. kdpjd; thahy; mUe;Jfpd;whd;
mtdJ tha; Rj; j khdjhFk; . NkNy nrhd; d gwitfs; jdJ
myFfspdhNyNa mUe;J fpd;wd. mtw;wpd; myFfs; Rj;jkhdNjahFk;.
mt;tyFfspy; gbAk; ,uj;jNkh vr;rpNyh mt;tyFfis mRj;jkhf;fhJ.
• Mdhy; ehk; ntspg;gilahfg; ghu;j;jhy; Ntl;ilg;gwitfs; mUe;jpajd;

gpd; vQ;Rfpd;w ePiu> Ntl;il kpUfq;fs; mUe;jpajd; gpd; vQ;Rfpd;w
ePUlNd xg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. mk;kpUfq;fspd; thapy; cs;s vr;rpy; ePUld;
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fyf;Fk;. mtw;wpd; vr;rpy; e[P]; vd;gjhy; ePu; e[P]; vd;w Kbtpw;Nf

tuNtz;baJ Nghd;W Njhd;Wk;.
,q;F ntspgg ; ilahd fpahi] tplL ; tplL

; kiwthd fpah]pd; (kdpjDld;
xg;gply;) %yNk jPu;T ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ.
M) nghJ tpjpahf te;Js;s Kbtpw;Fg; gfukhf rpwpanjhU eyDf;F

Kd;Dupik toq;Ftjd; %yk; xU Kbitg; ngwy;.
~e[Pi] KOikahf mfw;wpdhNy Rj;jkhFk; vd;gJ nghJ tpjpahFk;.

vdpDk; fpzw;wpy; VNjDk; e[P]; tpOe;Jtpl;lhy; xU rpy thsp ePiu
khj;jpuNk ms;sp tpLfpd;Nwhk;; ,J ,];jp`;]hd; o&up MFk;.
~kilad; nra;fpdw; tf;g; Vw;Wf; nfs;sg;glkhl;lhJ vd;gJ nghJ tpjpahFk;.

vdpDk; k];y`hitf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L mtdJ tho;tpy; mtd; nra;Ak;
tf;g; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,];jp`;]hd;; k];y`p MFk;.
,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs

s;.
m). ,];jp`;]hd; jdpahd rl;l %yhjhukd;W. mJ fpahi] my;yJ

cUig rhu;e;J mike;jnthd;whFk;.
M) `dgp> khypfp kj;ìgr; rhu;eN

; jhu; ,jid mjpfk; gad;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
,) ~mwpitg; gj;Jg;ghfq;fshfg; gpupj;J Nehf;fpdhy; ,];jp`;]hd; xd;gJ

ghfq;fshf mikAk;.| vd ,khk; khypf;(u`;) $wpAs;shu;.
<) ~KOikahf fpah]py; %o;fptpLgtu; egp mtu;fspd; ]{d;dhtpw;F

ntspNa nrd;Wtpl KbAk;. ,];jp`]
; hd; mwptpd; J}zhFk;.|vd;gJ
,khk; khypfpd; khztdhd ,];gh vd;gtupd; fUj;jhFk;.
c) ~,khk; mg+`dPghtpd; khzth;fs; fpah]py; VNjDk; ru;r;irfisf;

fpsg;gpdhy; ehd; ,];jp`;]hDf;Fr; nry;fpNwd;. mg;NghJ vtUk;
vjidAk; $w khl;lhu;fs;.| vd K`k;kj; ,g;D `]d; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.
C) ,];jp`;]hd; %yk; jPu;T ngWfpd;w NghJ fpah];> cu;G> k];y`h

vd;gd fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLfpdw
; d. mit rl;l %yhjhuq;fs; vd;w
tifapy; ,];jp`;]hDk; $l %yhjhuNkahFk;.
,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhukhf Vw;f kWg;Nghu; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fs;.
m). vtu; xd;iwr; rpwe;jnjdf;fUjp KbntLf;fpd;whNuh mtu;

rl;lkpaw;wpatuhf khWfpdw
; hu;. rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuk; mbahDf;fpyi
; y.
mJ my;yh`;Tf;F khj;jpuk; cupajhFk;.
M) rpwe;jnjd xUtu; fUJtjhdJ mtuJ tpUg;G ntWg;igr; rhu;ej ; jhFk;.

tpUg;G ntWg;ghdJ rl;lj;jpYk; NtWghl;ilj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. vtUk;
xU Fwpj;j jpiria Nehf;fp mjd; gf;fNk f/gh ,Uf;fpd;wJ
vdf;fUjpj; njho KbahJ.
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,) ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; ~cYy;mk;u;| fSf;Fk;

topg;gl;L elTq;fs;. (tpRthrpfNs) cq;fSf;Fs; ahnjhU tplaj;jpy;
gpzf;F Vw;gl;lhy; mjid my;yh`;tplKk; mtdJ J}juplKk; xg;gilj;J
tpLq;fs;.(4:59) vdNt ,t;trdkhdJ ,];jp`;]hd; gf;fk; jpUk;Gk; gb
gzpf;ftpy;iy.
<) egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fs; cau;e;j mwpTj; juj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; $l

,];jp`;]hidg; gad;gLj;jtpy;iy.
c) ntWkNd mwpTf;Fk; ,];jp`]; hDf;Fk; ,lk; nfhLj;jhy; jFjpaw;NwhUk;

,[;jp`hj; nra;a Kw;glyhk;.
KbT
• ,khk; \hgp< (w`;) $WtJ Nghd;W ,];jp`;]hd; vd;gJ ntWkNd

yid khj;jpuk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L KbntLg;gjy;y. khwhf ,];jp`;]hd;
%yk; jPu;T ngWtJ vd;gJ xd;wpy; cUig my;yJ k];y`hit my;yJ
fpahi] rhu;e;jpUe;J jPu;T ngWtjhFk;. vdNt ntWkNd kNdh,r;irapy;
jq; f hky; Mjhuk; xd; i wj; Jizahff; nfhz; N l ,]; j p`; ] hd;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
k];y`h Ku;]yh / my; ,];jp];;yh`;
• \uPmj; kdpj eyd;fhg;gij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,];jp]y

; h`; vd;gjd;
fUj;J r%f eyid Mjhukhff; nfhs;tjhFk;.
• Fu;Md; Rd;dhtpd; Nghjidfs; Fwpjj

; xU tplak; njhlu;ghf jPuT
; nrhy;yhj
NghJ kdpj eyidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L jPu;T ngWtjidNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;.
• kf;fsJ mj;jpatrpaj; Njitfs;> rhjhuzj;; Njitfs;> Nkyjpfj; Njitfs;

vd;gtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; kf;fs; eyd; fhj;jiyNa ,J
Fwpf;Fk;.
• k];y`h mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l jPu;TfSf;F cjhuzq;fshf
- my;Fu;Md; xd;W jpul;lg;gl;lik
- rpiwr;rhiyfs; cUthf;fg;gl;lik
- ehzaq;fs; ntspaplg;gl;lik
Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
k];y`h xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;
1. \uPmj; kf;fsJ rpukq;fis ePf;fp mtu;fSf;F ed;ik gag;gjidNa

Nehf; f hff; nfhz; b Uf; f pd; w J vd; w tifapy; Gjpjhfj; Njhd; W k;
gpur;rpidfSf;F kdpj eyd;fis cj;Njrpj;J jPu;T toq;FtJ \uPMtpd;
Nehf;fj;Jf;F ,ize;jjhf mike;Js;sJ.
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2. ]`hghf;fs; k];y`h Ku;]yhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nraw;gl;L

te;Js;shu;fs;. mG+gf;u; (uop) jdf;Fg; gpd; cku; (uop) mtu;fis mLj;j
fyPghthf epakpj;jik> Fu;Md; jpul;lg;gl;lik Nghd;wtw;iw ,jw;F
cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
k];y`h Ku;]yh mbg;gilapy; jPu;T ngWtjw;F mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;

Js; s epge; j idfshtd
1. k];y`h / eyd; ajhu;j;jkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; mJ gpuikapd;

mbg;gilapy; mike;jjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ
2. k];y`h / eyd; vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
3. k];y`h / eyd; \uPMtpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;F ,iae;jjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
4. xU f\;lj;ij ePf;Ftjhf my;yJ xU eyidf; fhg;gjhf k];y`h

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;
,]; j p]; ` hg;
• ,];jp];`hg; vd;w gjk; nkhopuPjpahf ,ize;J nry;yy;> Njhoik g+zy;

vd;w nkhopf;fUj;ijj; jUfpd;wJ.
,];yhkpa gupghirapy; Vw;fdNt cWjpahf epWtg;gl;l xU tplaj;ij

my;yJ kWf;fg;gl;l xU tplaj;ijj; njhlu;e;Jk; mNj epiyapy; itj;Jf;
nfhs;tijNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;.
• ~,Uf;fpd;w xd;iwj; njhlu;eJ

; itj;jpUj;jy;> cWjpahd xd;iwj; njhlu;eJ
;
itj;jpUj;jy;> jLf;fg;gl;l xd;iwj; njhlu;e;J jLj;J itj;jy; vd;gNj
,];jp];`hg; MFk;| vd ,khk; ,g;Dy; ifa+k; tpsf;fpAs;shu;.
,];jp];`hg; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;
• fle;j fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l Xu; mk;rk; njhlu;e;Jk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ Xu;

vspa cz;ikahFk;. mjdbg;gilapNyNa kdpj eltbf;iffSk; mike;J
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. FLk;gj;ij tpl;L J}u ,lnkhd;wpw;F xUtu; nrd;Wtpl;lhy;
mtu; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhu;@ jpUk;gp tUthu; vd;w mbg;gilapNyNa
FLk;gj;jtu;fs; ele;J nfhs;fpd;whu;fs;. mtu; kuzpj;Jtpl;lhu; vd;gjw;F
Mjhuk; fpilf;Fk; tiu mtu; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;w fUJNfhspd;
mbg;gilapNy FLk;gj;jtu;fs; njhopw;gLtu;.
• \uPM rl;lnkhd;W mJ khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk; Njhd;Wk;

tiuapy; mJ khw; w g; g ltpy; i y vd; N w fzpf; f g; g LfpwJ. kJghdk;
tpdhf;fpupahf khWk; tiu mJ ùhkhdJ vd;Wk;> jpUkz xg;ge;jk;
xd;W Kwpf;fg;gLk; tiuapy; fztd; kidtp cwT `yhnydTk;
fzpf;fg;gLtij Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
• NkYk; ukohd; gpiw njd;glhtpl;lhy; \/ghd; khjk; 30 ehl;fs; vdf;

fzpf;fg;gLtJ ,];jp];`hg; mbg;gilapyhFk;.
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,]; j p]; ` hg; tpjpKiwfs;
1. xU tplak; mJ khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk; fpilf;Fk;

tiuapy; njhlu;e;Jk; mNj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;
2. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jg; nghUl;fSk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.
3. mbg;gilapy; kdpjd; Fw;wkw;wtdhf fUjg;gLthd;.
4. cWjpahd xU epiyg;ghl;il ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; re;Njfk; khw;wptpl khl;lhJ.
cjhuzk; :
TO nra;jik gw;wp cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifAld; cs;s xUtUf;F jdJ

TO Kwpe;J tpl;lNjh vd re;Njfk; Vw;gbd; mtu; TOTld; cs;stuhfNt
fUjg;gLthu;. ,J ,];jp];`hg; mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l KbthFk;.
,];jp];`hg; vd;gJ xU Gjpa Mjhuk; my;y. Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j xU rl;lk;

njhlu;e;Jk; epiyj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l xd;whFk;.
my; cu;G
,jd; nkhopf; fUj;J kuG vd;gjhFk;.
• xU r%fj;jpy; fzprkhNdhu; jkJ tho;tpy; nrhy; uPjpahf my;yJ nray;

uPjpahfg; gpd;gw;wptUk; kuGfisNa cu;G - tof;fhW vd;fpd;Nwhk;.
• jdp kdpjdJ gof; f tof; f q; f s; kuGfs; vd; g d cu; g ; vd

miof;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mit Mjj; vd;Nw miof;fg;gLfpd;wd
my; cu;G ,w;fhd Mjhuq;fs;
1. kf;fsplkpUe;J mtu;fshy; nra;a KbAkhd ,yFthd mk;rq;fis Vw;Wf;

nfhs;Sq;fs; NkYk; kf;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; guPl;rakhd (tof;fpYs;s)
tplaq;fisNa VTq;fs; (7:199)
2. K];ypk;fs; ey;yit vdf; fUjpaitfs; my;yh`;tplj;jpYk; ey;yitNa

vd mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uop) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
3. mg+ ]{g;ahdpd; kidtp `pd;jh egpatu;fsplk; te;J jdJ fztd;

jdf;F nryT nra;Ak; tplaj;jpy; fQ;rj;jdk; fhl;Ltjhf Kiwapll
; Ntis>
egp (]y;) mtu;fs; `pd;jhit tpopj;J@ ckf;Fk; ckJ Foe;ijfSf;Fk;
tof;fkhf vt;tsT gzk; NjitNah me;j msit mg+ ]{g;ahdpd;
nrhj;jpypUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;tPuhf@ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.
4. Fwpg;gpl;lNjhu; cu;g; - tOf;fhW kdpj eyidg; NgZtjhf my;yJ

mtdJ rpuknkhd;iw ePf;Ftjhf mikAk; NghJ kdpjd; njhlu;e;Jk;
mjid eilKiwg;gLj;Jthd;. eyd;fisg; Ngzp rpukq;fis ePf;FtNj
\uPMtpd; ,yf;fhFk;. cu;Gk; ,j;jifanjhd;whFk;. ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd
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NghJ mugpfsplk; fhzg;gl;l rpy cu;g; tof;fhWfis KOikahfTk;

rpyij khw;wq;fSlDk; mq;fPfupj;jJ.
cjhuzk;
- jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghu;j;jy;
- nfhiyf;F jpaj; toq;Fjy;
- f/ghitj; jthg; nra;jy;
- ,j;jh mD\;bj;jy;
cu;gpd; tiffs
tiffs;
01. nrhy; rhu;e;jit.
02. nray; rhu;e;jit.
vd tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
nrhy; rhu; e ; j it
• rpy nrhw;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU fUj;jpy; kuG topahfg; gad;gLj;JtijNa

,J Fwpf;Fk;. cjhuzk; ~my;yh`; kPJ rj;jpakhf ckJ thry;gb
kpjpf;fkhl;Nld;| vd xUtu; rj;jpak; nra;fpwhu;. gpd;du; gpd;gf;ff; fjtpdhy;
mt;tPl;by; Eioe;jhy; mtu; rj;jpaj;ij Kwpj;jtuhfNt fUjg;gLthu;.
mtu; mjw;fhd Fw;wg;gupfhuj;ij epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; thry;gb
kpjpf;f khl;Nld; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupd; fUj;J tukhl;Nld; vd;gijf;
Fwpg;gjhFk;.
nray; rhu; e ; j it
• rpy nraw;ghLfis kuGuPjpahf filg;gpbj;J te;jhy; mjidNa ,J FwpfF

; k;.
cu;g; Mk;
• cu;g; Mk; vd;gjd; fUj;Jg; nghJthd tof;fhW vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ

vy;yh ehLfspYk; vy;yh kf;fsplKk; cs;s cUig - tof;fhw;iwf;
Fwpf;Fk;.
• kPd; ,iwr;rp tifiar; rhu;e;jhapDk; cyfpy; vg;gpuNjrj;jpYk; vk;

nkhopapYk; kPd; ,iwr;rp vd;W miog;gjpy;iy. khwhf kPd; vd;Nw
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
cu;g; fh]
fh];
• cu;g; fh]; vd;gjd; fUj;J gpuj;jpNafkhd cu;g; vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ

Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU ,df; FOkj;jpw;F my;yJ r%fj;jpw;F my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpw;F
my;yJ ehl;bw;F cupa gpuj;jpNafkhd tof;fhiwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
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cjhuzk;:
• jdJ thbf;ifahsUf;Fg; nghUl;fisf; flDf;F toq;Fk; tpahghup

mf;flidj; jdJ Gj;jfnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;thu;. Mdhy; mt;thW
vOJk; NghJ ve;jr; rhl;rpaq;fisAk; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjpyi
; y. ,J tpahghu
r%fj;jpw;Fupa Xu; cu;g; MFk;.
cu; i g eilKiwg; g Lj; J tjw; f hd epge; j idfs;
m). tof;fhwhdJ \uPmj;jpd; njspthd rl;l trdnkhd;Wf;F (e]; fj;,)

Kuzhf mikaf; $lhJ. mt;thW mikAkhapd; mjid cu;g;
gh]pj; vd;Nghk;. cjhuzkhf> my;yh`; tl;bia ùhkhf;fpdhd;
vd;gJ njspthd MjhukhFk;. vdNt tl;bia cu;ghf - tof;fhwhff;
nfhs;s KbahJ.
M). ve;j cu;ig gad;gLj;jp Fwpj;j tplak; mZfg;gLfpd;wNjh mt;tplak;

Njhd;wpa Ntisapy; mt;Tu;Gk; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;Nwy; cu;gpy;
Vw;gLk; khw;wk; rl;lj;jpYk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
Nkyjpf thrpg; G f; F upait:
1. mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (2006) ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy %yhjhuq;fs;> n`k;khjfk.
2. mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (1996) ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy (xU tuyhw;W Nehf;F)>

my; fyk; gjpg;gfk;> NgUtiy.
3. mf;uk; K`k;kj;> eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk; III > (2003)> K]y;khd;

gg;ypNf\d;> g];ahy.
4. kd;]{u; vk;.V.vk;. ,[;kh (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 19:4 njhlf;fk; 20:04

tiu> esPkpah ,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.
5. kd;]{u; vk;.V.vk;> fpah];;> (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 22:03 njhlf;fk; 23:03

tiu > esPkpah ,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.
www.nie.lk -98-
info@nie.lk
Nju; r ; r p 04 : ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;wpa

fiyfisAk; INuhg; g pa kWkyu; r ; r papy; ,]; y hkpa
Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 4.3 : fUj; J NtWghLfspd; NghJ filg; g pbf; f Ntz; b a

xOf; f tpjpfis jk; tho;tpy; vLj;J elg;ghu;.
ghlNtis : 10
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fis ,dq;fz;L epahapgg

; hu;.
! fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ K[;j`pj;fs; gpd;gw;wpa xOf;fq;fis

tpgupg;ghu;.
! fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ xOf Ntz;ba topKiwfis mwpe;J

gpd;gw;Wthu;.
tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;ly; :
! ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; rl;lj;Jiwapy; fUj;JNtWghLfs; vd;gJ ,ay;ghdJ.

,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiyapy; ,[;jp`hij mbg;gilahf itj;Nj fUj;J
NtWghLfs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; kpfj; njspthff;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;w rl;lq;fspy; ,Wf;fkhd Nghf;fpidf; nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;
m/jy;yhj re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fis jhuhs jd;ikNahL
nefpo;e;J nfhLf;Fk; Nghf;fpidNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. rl;lf;fiyapd;
Njhw;wk; Kjy; fUj;JNtWghLfSk; tsu;eJ ; te;jpUg;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpy; t`p mUsg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jikahy;

,[;jp`hj; ngUk;ghYk; mtrpag;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ
fhyj;jpy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; kpff; FiwthfNt ,lk;ngw;wd. Mdhy; egp
(]y;) mtu;fsJ kuzj;ijj; njhlu;e;J t`papd; tUif epd;Wtpl;lJ.
t`papd; fUj;Jf;fis ed;fwpej
; egpjN
; jhou;fs; kuzpjj
; ik> J}u ehLfSf;F
nrd;W tho Kw;gl;lik Nghd;w fhuzq;fspdhy; rl;lq;fspy; Njhd;wpa
fUj;J NtWghLfs; NkYk; tpuptile;jd.
! fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,uz;L Kf;fpa mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;ldthFk;.
! my;Fu;Md; - `jP];fspy; tUk; rl;l trdq;fs; gy fUj;Jf;fisf;

nfhLf;ff;$badthf ,Ue;jik.
! kdpj mwpTj;juKk;> tpsq;Fk; Mw;wYk; tpj;jpahrkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wik.
! fUj;J NtWghLfs; kdpj ,dj;jpd; Njhw;wj;NjhL Jtq;fptpl;lJ. kdpjdpd;

mwpTj;juNtWghL gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;jpd.
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info@nie.lk
! my;Fu;MdpYk;> `jP]pYk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s gy trdq;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l

fUj;Jf;fisj; juf;$bait. mt;thNw mwG nkhopapy; xU nrhy; gy
fUj;Jf;fisj; juf; $badthfTk; cs;sd.
! kdpjdJ rpe;jid Mw;wy;> mwpTj; juk;> tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ik>

gpur;rpidfis mZFk; Kiw> rl;l trdq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;
Kiw Nghd;wd MSf;fhs; NtWgl;Nl mike;Js;sd. ,J ,iwtdpd;
Vw;ghlhFk;. vdNt Nkw;nrhd;d ,uz;L mk;rq;fSk; fz;bg;ghf rl;lq;fspy;
fUj;J NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
! ,jidg; gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;bd; %yk; njspthf tpsq;fyhk;.
! gy nghUs; nfhLf;Fk; my;Fu;Md;> `jP]; trdq;fs; + mwpTj;ju Vw;wj;jho;T

= fUj;J NtWghL.
! xNu nghUisNa nfhLf;Fk; jpl;ltl;lkhd my;Fu;

Md;> `jP]; trdq;fs; + Vw;wj;jho;tw;w mwpTj;juq;fs; = xw;Wikahd
fUj;Jf;fs; (fUj;J NtWghbd;ik)
! fUj;J NtWghLfis xopg;gJ vd;gJ rhj;jpakw;wJ. rl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;

fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,ay;ghdit. jtpu;f;f Kbahjit.
! khu;ff
; rl;lq;fspy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; vJTk; ,Uf;f $lhJ. Kuz;ghLfs;
Vjkpdw ; p vy;NyhUk; xNu rl;lj;ijNa gpdg
; w;w Ntz;Lnkd;wpUe;jhy; my;yh`;
Fu;MdpYk;> `jP]pYk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; kpfj; njspthf> Jy;ypakhf
tiuaWj;J> jpl;ltl;lkhd xNu fUj;ij khj;jpuk; Kd;itj;jpUg;ghd;.
mt;thNw kdpju;fsJ mwpTj;ju NtWghl;il ePff ; p vy;NyhiuAk; rk mwpTj;
juj;jpy; gilj;jpUg;ghd;. Mdhy; mt;thW ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.
! cjhuzkhf : jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l ngz;fs; %d;W FU/ || fhyk; tiu

vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;fTk;. (2:228) rpy r`hghf;fs; ~~FUc|| vd;w gjj;jpd; fUj;J
~~khjtplha; | | vd; W fUjpdu; . ,d; D k; rpyu; khjhe; j UJtpypUe; J
J}a;ikahtijAk; Fu;c vd;W fUjpdu;. cku; (uop) > myp (uop)> ,g;D
k];Cj; (uop) mg+ %]h (uop) K[h`pj;> fjhjh> ,f;upkh Nghd;Nwhu;
~Fu;c| vd;gij khjhe;j UJ vd;W fUjpdu;. Map\h (uop) ,khk; \hgp<
(u`;) Nghd;Nwhu; ~Fu;c| vd;gJ khjhe;j UJtpypUe;J ePq;Fjy; vd;W
fUjpdu;. vdNt cku; (uop) mzpiar; rhu;e;Njhu; fUj;Jg;gb %d;whtJ
khjhe;j UJ ntspg;gl;lJk; ,j;jh KbtilAk;. khwhf Map\h (uop)
mzpiar; rhu;e;NjhuJ fUj;Jg;gb %d;whtJ khjhe;j UJtpypUe;J
J}a; i kaile; j Jk; ,j; j h KbtilAk; . ,J ]`hghf; f s; > kw; W k;
]yGfspilNa fUj;J NtWghLfs; fhzg;gl;likia cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
MapDk; mtu;fs; jkf;nfjpuhd fUj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhiu vjpu;f;ftpy;iy>
mtu;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs; mbg;gilapNyNa gpioahdit vd;W
kWj;Jiuf;fTkpy;iy. ,t;thW ,[;jp`hj; nra;tJ MFnkd;Nw ,tu;fs;
fUjpdhu;fs;.
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info@nie.lk
! NkNy cjhuzj;jpw;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l 2:228 trdj;jpw;F ,uz;L

trdq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ~~jq;fsJ kidtpkhu;fSld; NrUtjpy;iy vd;W
rj;jpak; nra;J nfhz;ltu;fSf;F ehd;F khjq;fs; jhkjpf;f mDkjpAz;L..
(2:226) ,e;j trdj;jpy; my;yh`; ~ehd;F khjq;fs;| vd;W kpfj; njspthf
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. ,q;F xNu fUj;ijj; juf;$batpjkhf jpl;ltl;lkhf
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. my;yh`; jyhf;fpw;fhd ,j;jh tplaj;jpy; fUj;J xw;Wik
fhzg;glNtz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; 2: 226 ,y; njspthf ehd;F
khjq;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy (2:228) ,d;W %d;W ~FUc| vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;likia %d;W khjq;fs; vd njspthf nrhy;ypapUg;ghd;.
! ,t;thNw my;Fu;Mdpd; NtWgy ,lq;fspYk;> `jP];fspYk; ,j;jifa gy

fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk;ghlhd trdq;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sij mtjhdpfyhk;.
! rl;lk; gw;wpa trdq;fspy; mjpfkhdit fUj;J NtWghLfSf;F ,lkspgg ; jhf

,Ug;gJ ,jid NkYk; cWjpgg ; Lj;JfpwJ. gy fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk; nfhLj;J
kf;fSf;Fr; rl;lq;fspy; tpupe;j trjpfis vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vdTk;> NkYk;
kdpjDf;F Muha;tjw;F - ,[;jp`hj; nra;tjw;F- ,lk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;
vdTk; my;yh`; tpUk;gpAs;shd; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhyj;jpYk; mtuJ tghj;jpwF

; g; gpdd
; u; ]`hghf;fspNlAk;
rl; l q; f spy; fUj; J NtWghLfs; fhzg; g l; l d. mtw; W f; f hd rpy
cjhuzq;fis Nehf;FNthk;.
1. ,khk; Gfhup> ,g;D cku; mwptpg;gjhf gpd;tUkhW upthaj; nra;fpwhu;.

~~egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mfop Aj;j ehsd;W gpd;tUkhW $wpdhu;fs;. gD}
Fiwohf;fspd; g+kpapNyNa midtUk; m]u; njho Ntz;Lk;. gazj;jpd;
NghJ ghijapy; rpyu; ehk; mq;F Ngha;j;jhd; njho Ntz;Lk; vd;wdu;.
NtW rpyu; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; me;jf; fUj;jpy; $wtpy;iy> vd;W $wp
ghijapNyNa m]iuj; njhOJ nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,t;tplak; egp (]y;)
mtu;fsplk; njuptpf;fg;gl;lNghJ mtu;fs; ahiuAk; fz;bf;ftpy;iy||
,q;F egpatu;fs; m]Uf;F Kd;Ng vjpupfspd; ,lj;ijr; nrd;wila

Ntz;Lnkd;Nw ,t;thW $wpapUf;fpwhu;> khwhf m]u; njhOifia
jhkjg;gLj;JtJ egpapd; Nehf;fkhf ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;W fUjpNahu;
,ilapy; njhOjdu;. VidNahu; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; $w;wpd; ntspgg
; ilahd
fUj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L Fwpj;j vy;iy mile;j gpd;dNu njhOjdu;.
,U rhuhiuAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; rupfz;L> mq;fPfupj;jhu;fs;.
! c-k; : ,khk; mg+jht+j; (u`;)> mg+ ]<j; my;Fj;up (uop) mwptpj;jjhf

upthaj; nra;fpwhu;. ~~ ,U ]`hghf;fs; gpuahzk; nra;jdu;. gpuahzj;jpd;
NghJ njhOifapd; NeukhfpaJ. Mdhy; TO nra;tjw;fhd ePu; mtu;fSf;F
fpilf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ,UtUk; Rj;jkhd kz;zhy; jak;Kk; nra;J
njhOjjd; gpd;du; mj;njhOiff;Fupa Neuj;jpy; ,UtUf;Fk; ePu; fpilj;jJ.
mtu;fspd; xUtu; kPz;Lk; TO nra;J njhOifiaAk; kPl;bj; njhOjhu;.
Mdhy; kw;wtu; kPlb ; j; njhotpy;iy. ,jid mtu;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;
te; J $wpdhu; > mg; N ghJ egp (]y; ) mtu; f s; njhOifia kP l ; b j;
www.nie.lk -101-
info@nie.lk
njhohjtiug; ghu;j;J ~ePu;| ]{d;dhtpd;gbNa ele;J nfhz;Bu;> ckJ

njhOif epiwNtwptpll; J vd;whu;fs;. njhOifia kPlb
; j; njhOj kw;wtiug;
ghu;j;J ~ckf;F ,uz;L Kiw $yp cz;L| vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.
! c-k; ,khk; ig`fp (u`;) ($wpajhf) upthaj; nra;fpwhu; ~~,iwj;J}ju;

(]y;) mtu;fspd; Njhou;fshfpa ehq;fs; (ukohd; fhyj;jpy;) gpuahzj;jpy;
<Lgl;bUe;Njhk; mg;NghJ vq;fspy; Nehd;G Nehw;NwhUk; ,Ue;jdu;.
Nehw;fhNjhUk; ,Ue;jdu;. ,d;Dk; vq;fspy; njhOifiar; RUf;fpj;
njhONthUk; ,Ue;jdu;. RUf;fhJ KOikahfj; njhONthUk; ,Ue;jdu;.
Mdhy; Nehd;ghsp Nehd;G Nehw;fhjtiuNah> Nehd;G Nehw;wtu; Nehd;G
Nehw;fhjtiuNah> RUf;fpj; njhOjtu; RUf;fpj; njhohjtiuNah> RUf;fpj;
njhohjtu; RUf;fpj; njhOjtiuNah Fiw$wtpy;iy.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;jpd; gpd;du; ]`hghf;fspilNa fUj;J

NtWghLfs; mjpfk; Njhd;wpd. K[;j`pj;fspd; fUj;J NtWghLfSf;F
]`hghf;fspd; fUj;J NtWghLfs; topNfhypd.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;ij njhlu;e;J> ]`hghf;fspilNa Njhd;wpa

fUj;J NtWghLfSf;Fg; gpd;tUtd rpy cjhuzq;fshFk;.
1. egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;jpd; ajhu;j;jk; Fwpj;J cku; (uop) mg+gf;u;

(uop) ,ilNa epytpa fUj;J NtWghL.
2. egp (]y;) mtu;fis vq;Nf ey;ylf;fk; nra;tJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J Njhd;wpa

fUj;JNtWghL.
3. egpf;F gpd; ahiu fyPghthf njupT nra;tJ vd;gjpy; Njhd;wpa fUj;J

NtWghL.
4. ]fhj; toq;f kWj;Njhu; Fwpj;J mg+gf;u; (uop) cku; (uop) ,ilNa epytpa
fUj;J NtWghL.
5. ifg;gw;wg;gl;l epyq;fis ahJ nra;tJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J cku; (uop) mg+gf;u;

(uop) ,ilNa Vw;gl;l fUj;J NtWghL.
! ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpYk;> ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpYk;>

jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpYk; mjidj; njhlu;e;J te;j gy;NtWgl;l fhyq;fspYk;
fUj;JNtWghLfs; vd;gJ jtpu;ff ; Kbahj Xu; mk;rk; vd;gjid ,];yhkpa
rl;lf;fiy tsu;rr; piaf; FwpjJ
; Nehf;Fk; xUtu; njspthfg; GupeJ
; nfhs;thu;.
mit ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwapy; tprhypj;j jd;ikf;Fk;> jhuhs Nghf;fpw;Fk;>
kdpj tho;tpd; nrsfupaj;jpw;Fk; toptFj;jd vd;gij epahakhf Nehf;Fk;
vtUk; kWf;f khl;lhu;. cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) mtu;fsJ $w;W
,jw;F NkYk; tYt+l;LfpwJ. ~~egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; Njhou;fs; jq;fspilNa
fUj;JNtWghL nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mJ vdf;Fr; re;Njhrj;ijj;
je;jpUf;fhJ. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;
ekf;Fg; gy mDkjpfs; (rYiffs;) fpilj;jpUf;fhJ||
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info@nie.lk
! fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;. mwpQu;fs; rl;lq;fspy;

fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fisg; gy;NtW tifapy;
tpsf; f pAs; s du; . mtw; i wj; njhFj; J Nehf; F k; NghJ ehd; F
mbg; g ilfspNyNa mit vOe; J s; s d. Vida Jizf; fhuzpfs;
mtw;wpypUe;Nj gpupe;J nry;tjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
1. xU Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi] cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; cz;lhFk; fUj;J NtWghL.
! Fwpg;gpl;l `jP]; Xu; ,khKf;F fpilj;jpUf;Fk;. kw;Nwhu; ,khKf;F

fpilj;jpUf;fhJ. rpyNghJ fpilj;jpUe;jhYk; mtiug; nghWj;jtiu mJ
Mjuhug+u;tkhf ,Uf;fhJ. kw;wtu; mjid Mjhug+u;tkhff; fUjpapUg;ghu;.
,jw;Ff; fhuzk; `jP]; mwptpg;ghsu;fspd; epiy> jifik gw;wpa Ma;tpy;
Vw;gLk; fUj;J NtWghlhFk;. Fwpjj
; `jPi] Mjhug+u;tkhdnjd;W epWtTk;
mtu;fsplk; tpjpfSk; mbg;gilfSk; ,Uf;Fk;. Fwpj;j `jP]pd; fUj;ij
tpsf;Ftjw;Fk; ,Nj tifahd tpjpfSk; mbg;gilfSk; mtu;fsplKz;L.
,e;j mbg;gil tpjpfSk; ,khk;fsplk; NtWgl;litahf ,Uf;fpdw
; d. ,jdhy;
xUtu; ,d;ndhUtupd; fUj;ij Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epu;g;ge;jk; ,y;iy.
2. rl;l trdj;ij (e];]pd;) tpsf;Ftjpy; Vw;gLk; fUj;J NtWghL.
! rl;l trdq;fis tpsf;Ftjpy; mwpQu;fspilNa fUj; NtWghL ,Uf;fyhk;.

,J rl;ljpl;lq;fspy; tpj;jpahrkhd KbTfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;. Vnddpy;
nkhopapy; xU jpl;ltl;lkhd fUj;ijj; jUk; tpsf;fq;fSKz;L. mt;thNw
gy fUj;Jf;fisj; juf;$ba nrhw;fSk; cz;L. cjhuzkhf mwG nkhopapy;
~my; ma;d|; vd;w nrhy; fz;> eP&w;W> csthsp Nghd;w gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fspy;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gbahd trdq;fs; rl;l trdq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk;
NghJ mJNt fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;J tpLfpd;wJ.
my;Fu;Mdpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s FUc> yhk] Nghd;w nrhw;fs; ,tw;Wf;Fr;
rpwe;j cjhuzq;fshFk;.
! NkYk;> Fwpg;gpl;l rpy trdq;fs; RUf;fkhf $wg;gl;bUg;gjhy; mjid

tpsf;f Ntz;bNaw;glyhk;. my;yJ nkhopapy; MFngauhf te;jtw;iw
nkhopNahL njhlu;GgLj;jp tpsf;fNtz;bNaw;glyhk;. ,t;thwhd epiyikfs;
rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfspy; fUj;J NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;.
! NkYk; rpy trd mikg;Gf;fSk; gy fUj;Jf;fisj; je;J fUj;J

NtWghl;Lf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. cjhuzkhf> mg+ ]<j; my;Fj;up (uop)
mtu;fs; mwptpf;Fk; `jP]; gpd;tUkhW mike;Js;sJ. ~~ jfhJy; [dPdp
jfhJ ck;kp`p|| ,jd; fUj;J ~~xU jhapd; tapw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; fd;iw
mWg;gJ jhia mWg;gNjahFk;||. ,e;j tifapy; tapw;wpy; fd;Ws;s xU
kpUfj;ij mWf;Fk; NghJ mjd; fd;W tapww
; py; ,we;JtpbDk; mWj;jjhfNt
fUjg;gLk;. Vnddpy; jhia mWg;gNj mjid mWg;gjhFk; vd;w fUj;ij
,e;j `jP]; nfhLf;fpwJ. vdNt> kPz;Lk; fd;iw mWf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy.
! ,e;j `jP]; ~~jfhjy; [dPdp jfhj ck;kp`p| vd;Dk; upthaj; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;NghJ ,jd; nghUs; xU kpUfj;jpd; tapw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; fd;iw me;j
www.nie.lk -103-
info@nie.lk
jha; kpUfj;ij mWg;gJ Nghd;W mWq;fs;| vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ jhia

mWg;gJ NghyNt mjd; tapw;wpypUf;Fk; fd;iwAk; mWj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
vd;w fUj;ij ,J jUfpwJ.
3. Kuz;gl;l rl;l trdq;fspilNa ,zf;fk; fhz;gjpYk; mtw;wpy; xd;iw

cWjpg;gLj;JtjpYk; Vw;gLk; NtWghLfs;.
! NkNy $wg;gl;l Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; mk;rq;fspYk; mwpQu;fs; midtUk;

xw;Wikg;gl;lhu;fs; vd itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; ,d;DNkhu; mk;rKk; vkJ
ftdj;jpw;F tUfpwJ. rpyNghJ ntspg;gilahf xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l
fUj;ijf; nfhz;l gy `jP]f ; s; tuyhk;. mg;NghJ mtw;wpilNa ,zf;fk;
fhzNtz;Lk;. my;yJ xd;iw VNjh xU tifapy; cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
,jd;NghJ xU mwpQu; Kuz;ghby;iy vdf; fUjp ntspg;gilahfNt
Kuz;gl;ljhfj; Njhd;Wk; trdq;fspilNa ,zf;fk; fhz;gu;. NtnwhUtNuh
xd;iw VNjh xU tifapy; Mjhuk; fz;L cWjpg;gLj;Jthu;.
! rl;l trdq;fspilNa fhzg;gLk; Kuz;ghLfSf;Fk;> mtw;wpilNa ,zf;fk;

fhz Kw;gLk; NghJ Vw;gl;l fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;F cjhuzkhf ,khKf;F
gpwF k/%k; ]{uh ghj;jp`h XJjy; gw;wpa fUj;J NtWghl;by; %d;W
epiyg;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1. vy;yhj; njhOiffspYk; k/%k; ghj;jp`h ]{uh Xj Ntz;Lk;. ,J ,khk;

\hgp<> m`;kj; MfpNahuJ fUj;jhFk;.
2. vy;yhj; njhOiffspYk; k/%k; ghj;jp`h ]{uhit Xjf; $lhJ. ,J

,khk; mg+ `dPghtpd; fUj;jhFk;.
3. ,khk; nkJthf XJk; njhOiffspy; k/%k; ghjp`h ]{uhit Xj

Ntz;Lk;.
! ,f;fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzk; rl;ltrdq;fs; NtWgl;l Kiwapy;

te;jpUg;gNjahFk;. rpyu; `jP]f; spy; rpytw;iw cWjpgg; Lj;jp NtWrpytw;iw
tpl;Ltpl;ldu;. NtW rpyu; ,e;j `jP];fspilNa ,zf;fk; fz;ldu;. ,e;j
tifapy; ,khkpd; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; k/%k; Xj Ntz;Lk; vd;W te;j
`jP];fs; nkJthf XJk; njhOiffisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd vd;Wk; k/%k;
Xjf;$lhJ vd;W te;j `jP]f ; s; rg;jkplL
; XJk; njhOiffisf; Fwpff ; pdw
; d
vdTk; ,tu;fs; $wpdu;. ,JNt ,khk; khypf; Nghd;Nwhupd; fUj;jhFk;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ Njhou;fs;> jhgp<d;fs;> gpd;dhy; te;j ,khk;fs;

,tu;fspy; ngUk; ghyhNdhu; ,khkpd; gpdd
; hy; epwF
; k; k/%k;fs; ghjp`hit
Xj Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,khk; \hgp<> m`;kj;>
,g;D Kghuf;> ,];`hf; Nghd;NwhuJ fUj;Jk; ,JthFk;.
! ,khk; ,g;D Kghuf; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ~~ehd; ,khKf;Fg; gpwF

XJfpNwd;. $ghthrpfspy; rpyu; jtpu VidNahu; ,t;thW nra;fpd;wdu;.
,khKf;Fg; gpwF k/%k; Xjhtpl;lhYk; mtuJ njOif epiwNtWk;
vd;gJNt vdJ fUj;jhFk;.
www.nie.lk -104-
info@nie.lk
! ,khk; ,g;D Kghuf;fpd; Mjhuq;fs; ,U gf;fKk; rkkhff; fhzg;gLtjhy;

,e;j `jP];fisNa ,zf;fk; fhz Kidfpwhu; Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ.
! Nkw; $ wpa cjhuzq; f spypUe; J > Kuz; g hlhfj; Njhd; W k; rl; l

trdq;fspilNa ,zf;fk; fhzKidAk; NghJ cUthfpd;w fUj;J
NtWghLfs; gw;wp tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
4. rl;lthf;f %yhjhu tpjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l fUj;J NtWghL.
! `jP ] ; f is Vw; g jpYk; kWg; g jpYk; xt; N thu; ,khKf; F k; NtWgl; l

epge;jidfSk; mbg;gil tpjpfSk; cs;sd. mt;thNw Fwpg;gpl;l rl;l
trdj;jpypUe;J rl;lq;fis tFj;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk; NtWgl;l Nghf;FfSk;
tpjpKiwfSk; gpd; g w; w g; g Lfpd; w d. mNj Nghd; W rpy rl; l thf; f
%yhjhuq;fSk; fUj;JNtWghl;Lf;Fupadthf fhzg;Lfpdw ; d. xU ]fhgpapd;
nrhy;iy my;yJ khu;ff ; j; jPug
; i
; g gyk; tha;ej
; xU rl;lthf;f %yhjhukhf
mjhtJ Fu;Md;> `jP]; vd;gtw;wpd; juj;jpy; itj;J Nehf;FNthUk;
mtw;iwtplf; Fiwe;j juj;jpy; itj;J Nehf;FNthUk; ,khk;fspilNa
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.
! xU Fwpg;gpl;l tplaj;jpy; kjPdhthrpfspd; nray; (mkY m`;ypy; kjPdh)

rl;l %yhjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. rpy NghJ rpy tifahd `jP];fis
tpl mjid Nkyhf kjpg;gtu;fSk; ,khk;fspilNa fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.
! xU `jP ] ; mwptpg; g hsu; jhd; mwptpf; F k; tp\aj; J f; F Kuzhf

nraw;gl;bUg;ghu;. ,e;j mwptpgg
; hsupd; nraiyf; fzpgg
; jpNy ,khk;fspilNa
fUj;J NtWghL Njhd;WfpwJ. xU Fwpg;gpl;l nray; $lhJ vd;W
jLf;fg;gl;lhy; mr; nray; Kw;whf nry;YgbahfhJ vdr; rpyu; fzpg;gu;;.
NtW rpyNuh ,jw;F khw;wkhd fUj;ijf; nfhs;tu;.
! ,t;thW rl;lthf;f mbg;giltpjpfspYk; rl;lthf;f %yhjhuq;fspYk; kw;Wk;

tiuaiwfNshL $ba rl; l trdq; f s; > tiuaiwfNshL $ba
rl;ltrdq;fs;> tiuaiwfsw;w rl;l trdq;fs;> vjpuk
; iwg; nghUs; nfhs;sy;
(kg;`{k; my; Kfhygh) Nghd;w re;ju;g;gq;fs; fUj;J NtWghLfs;
Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fspy; xd;whf mikfpwJ.
fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba xOf;fq;fs;.
! ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwapy; fUj;J NtWghnld;gJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj Xu;

mk;rkhFk;. ]yG]; ]hyp`Pd;fs; fUj;J NtWghLfis ck;kj;Jf;fhd
mUs; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ldu;. etPd fhy rl;l mwpQu;fSs; xUtuhd
K];jgh m`;kj; ]u;fh (u`;) mtu;fs; ~~kdpjDf;Fr; nrhFrhf mku;tjw;F
,iae;J nfhLf;ff;$ba xU fjpiu fUj;J NtWghLfis Fwpg;gpl;Lr;
nrhd; d hu; f s; . mUshff; fzpf; f g; g Lk; fUj; J NtWghLfs; kUshf
mike;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfg; Ngz Ntz;ba rpy xOq;Ffis
Kd;itf;fpd;Nwhk;.
www.nie.lk -105-
info@nie.lk
1. fUj;njhw;Wikahd tptfhuq;fspy; gu];guk; xj;Jioj;jy;. K];ypk;fs;

midtUk; cld;gLfpd;w tplaq;fspy; gu];guk; cjtpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
my;Fu;Md; ,iwtdplkpUe;J te;jJ vd;Wk;> Iq;fhy njhOif> ukohdpy;
Nehd;G Nehw;gJ vd;gd fliknad;Wk; K`k;kj; (]y;) ,Wjpj; J}jnud;Wk;
ehk; midtUk; cld;gLfpd;w tplaq;fspy; xj;Jioj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
njhOifapYk;> Nehd;G Nehw;gjpYk; vd rpy tptfhuq;fspy; rl;lk; rhu;
fpisg;gpur;rpidfspy; vOk; fUj;J NtWghLfs; gpsTfshf mika
xUNghJk; topnra;af; $lhJ. ,khk; u\Pj; upoh mtu;fs; mofhd xU
fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhu;fs;. ~~fUj;njhw;Wikahd tplaq;fspy; ehk; gu];guk;
xj;Jioj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;l mk;rq;fspy; gu];guk;
epahak; fhz;Nghk;.
2. fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;l tplaq;fspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;
! tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy; vd;gJ vkJ jPid> mfPjhit tpl;Lf; nfhLg;gNjh>

mbg;gilapy; xU NghJk; khwhj tplaq;fspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLg;gNjh my;y.
khwhf ,[;jp`hjpw;Fupa mk;rq;fshf mikfpd;w gy fUj;Jf;fSf;F
,lk;ghlhd rl;lk;rhu; fpisg;gpur;rpidfspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J elj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; xNu tplaj;jpy; gy KbTfs; rupahf mikayhk;.
my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; gyjug;gl;l fpuhmj;Jf;fis egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
mDkjpj;Js;shu;fs;. NkYk; K[;j`pj; xUtuJ Kaw;rpf;F mJ rupahdhy;
,uz;L $yp; jtwpdhy; xU $yp vd mq;fPfupj;jpUg;gJk; gy KbTfs;
tuyhk;. mit Kw;whf epuhfupf;fg;gl Ntz;bajy;y vd;gij Rl;bepw;fpd;wJ.
,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; xU gpugykhd $w;iw Kd;itj;Js;shu;fs;.
~~ vd;Dila fUj;Jr; rupahdJ; rpy rkak; mJ jtwhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
gpwu; fUj;Jj; jtwhdJ; rpy rkak; rupahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;||
3. xUtiunaUtu; rhlhjpUj;jy;> kjpj;J elj;jy;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ]`hghf;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd fUj;Jf;fis

njuptpj;j re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; tpj;jpahrkhfj; njhopw;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;
mtu;fs; midtiuAk; kjpj;J mtu;fSf;Ff; fzpg;Gf; nfhLj;J ele;J
nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. xUtu; kw;wtiu rhLgtuhf ]`hghf;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
,jw;Fr; rhd;whf gD}Fiwoh rk;gtj;ijAk;> gazj;jpd; NghJ ,uz;L
]`hghf;fs; ePu; fpilf;fhj NghJ jak;Kk; nra;J njhOtpl;L> gpd;du; ePu;
fpilj;j NghJ mtu;fs; ,UtUk; ele;J nfhz;l tpjj;ijAk; egp (]y;)
mtu;fs; vt;thW mZfpdhu;fs; vd;gjpypUe;J Gupe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
! NkYk; kjpj;J ele;Jnfhs;tjw;F ,khk; Gfhup (u`;) jd;Dila `jP];

E}ypy; gpjm
; j;thjpfspd; mwptpgi
; gg; gjpT nra;Js;shu;fs;. Vnddpy; mtu;fs;
cz; i kahsu; f shf ,Ue; j hu; f s; . ,khk; Gfhup (u`; ) mtu; f spd;
mwptpg;ghsu;fspy; ,k;uhd; ,g;D `j;jhd; vd;w xUtu; cz;L. ,tu;
fthup[;fis rhu;e;j xU gpj;mj;thjp kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ M];jhd; ftpQu;;
myp (uop) mtu;fisf; nfhiy nra;j ,g;D Ky;[pik Gfo;e;J ghbatUk;
$l.
www.nie.lk -106-
info@nie.lk
! gpj;mj; nra;fpd;w kf;fSld;> mtu;fis kjpj;J ey;y Kiwapy; elg;gjd;

%yk; mtu;fs; jk; jtWfis czu;e;J Neu;topapy; tuf;$Lk;. xNuabahf
ntWj;J xJf;fpdhy; mtu;fs; me;j gpj;mj;jpNyNa njhlu;e;jpUf;f tha;g;G
cs; s J. c]; k hd; (uop) mtu; f Sila filrpf; fhyj; j py; kjP d h
Kw;Wifaplg;gLfpwJ. kjPdhitNa jk; iftrk; nfhz;LtUfpwhu;fs;>
c];khd; (uop) mtu;fisf; fyff;fhuu;fs; tPlL ; f;F ntspNa tplTk; ,y;iy.
gs;spapy; ,khkhf epd;W njhOif elhj;j mDkjpf;fTkpy;iy. njhOif
elhj;Jk nghWg;igf; $lf; fyff;fhuu;fNs vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. me;j
Neuj;jpy; myp (uop) cl;gl ngUk; egpj; Njhou;fs; c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsplk;
jdpNa njhOtjw;F mDkjp Nfl;lNghJ mDkjpf;f kWj;jhu;fs;. c];khd;
(uop) mtu;fisj; jtpu midj;J egpj; Njhou;fSk; fyff;fhuu;fspd; gpdd ; hy;
k/Kk;fshf epdW ; njhOjhu;fs;. ,q;F egpjN; jhou;fs; jdpgg
; s;sp mikf;fNth
fyff;fhuu;fis fhgpu;fs; vd;W miof;fNth ,y;iy.
4. xU kj;`gpd; my;yJ jdpkdpjdpd; fUj;Jf;fspy; gpbthjg; Nghf;if jtpuj

; j
; y;.
! Mjhukw;w ahUf;Fg; gpd;dhYk; nry;yhj kdg;ghq;if tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. i]j; (uop) mtu;fspd; $w;W ,jw;F ey;yNjhu; rhud;whFk;.
~~,d;dhu; nrhd;dhu; vd;gjw;fhf my;yJ ,khkpd; fUj;J vd;gjw;fhf ehk;
my;yh`;it topg;gltpy;iy. my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;jpy; te;jpUf;fpwJ; mtuJ
J}ju; $wpapUf;fpwhu; vd;gjw;fhfNt topg;gLfpNwhk;|| mNj Neuk; ,khk;fspd;
jFjpia kwe;J mtu;fisf; fPo;j;jukhf tpku;rpf;fpd;w jPtputhj epiyf;Fr;
nrd;Wtplf; $lhJ. xt;nthUtUk; jtiw xj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; kNdhepiyia
tsu;jJ; f; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpku;rdq;fis tuNtw;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ jk;ik
newpg;gLj;jf;$baJ vd;gijg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
! ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; ~~ cz;ik vd; ehtpypUe;J

tUfpwjh my;yJ vd;Dld; tpthjk; Gupgtu; ehtpypUe;J tUfpwjh vd;gijf;
FwpjJ
; vdf;Ff; ftiy ,y;iy. cz;ik ntsptu Ntz;Lk;. mt;tsTjhd;||
5. mLj;jtu; gw;wpa ey;nyz;zj;ij tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.
! mLj;jtu; gw;wpa ey;nyz;zk; nfhs;Sk; gz;ig tsu;jJ; f; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

fWg;Gf; fz;zhb mzpeJ ; mLj;jtiu mtjhdpfF ; k; Kiwia iftplL ; tpl
Ntz;Lk;. ehd; J}a;ikahdtd; gupRj;jkhdtd; vd;w kNdhghtk; xU K/
kpdplk; te;Jtplf; $lhJ. ~~ePq;fs; cq;fisj; J}a;ikahdtu; vd;W
nrhy;yhjPu;fs;. ahu; jf;th cilatu; vd;gij my;yh`;Nt kpfTk;
ed;fwpthd;. (53:52)
! <khdpd; rpwe;j milahsNk ~~my;yh`;itf; Fwpj;Jk;> kf;fisf; Fwpj;Jk;

ey;nyz;zk; nfhs;sy;. <khdpd; Nkhrkhd milahsk; my;yh`;itf;
Fwpj;Jk; kf;fisf; Fwpj;Jk; nfl;l vz;zk; nfhs;sy;|| vd;gJ ]yGfspd;
$w;whFk;.
vg;NghJk; xU K];ypk; vg;gb ,Uf;f ntz;Lnkdpy; gpwiuf; Fwpj;J VjhtJ

xU nra;jp jd; fhjpy; tpOe;jhy; clNd fw;gid nra;tij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;.
my;yJ mg;gb ,Uf;fhJ vd;W ey;nyz;zk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
www.nie.lk -107-
info@nie.lk
! re;Njfk; nfhs;tjpypUe;J ahUk; jg;gpf;fNt KbahJ. Vnddpy; irj;jhd;

mjidj; J}z;Lfpwhd;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jd; kidtp ]gpa;ah (uop)
mtu;fSld; fijj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ mt;tplj;jhy; nrd;w ,uz;L
]`hghf;fSf;Fk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,J vd; kidtp ]gpa;ah vd;W
nrhy;ypf; fhl;ba epfo;T mtu;fisr; re;Njff; fz;nfhz;L Nehf;fhjpUf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhFk;. vdNt khu;f;f tptfhuq;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L
K];ypk;fs; xUtu; mLj;jtiu re;Njff; fz;nfhz;L Nehf;FtJ kpfg;
ngupa jtwhFk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F mjpf Nfhgk; jUtJk; kWik
ehspy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jk; mUfpNyNa tu mDkjpf;fhjtu;fSk; ahu;
vdpy; .... kf;fspd; Fiwfisj; Njb ntspg;gLj;Jgtu;fNs (m`;kj;)
6. tpthjq;fis Kbe;jsT jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.
! fUj;J NtWghl;bd; NghJ tpthj Nkilfs; mikj;J xUtiunahUtu;

jk; jpwikahy; tPo;j;jpl Ntz;Lk;> jk; Ngr;Rj; jpwikahy; kl;lk; jl;l
Ntz;Lk; vd Kide;jplf; $lhJ.
! ,];yhk; tpthjj;ij Kw;whfj; jLf;ftpy;iy. MapDk; mofpa Kiwapy;

tpthjpf;Fk; gb Ntz;LfpwJ. tpthjk; vd;whNy mq;F nkd;ikiaf;
filg;gpbg;gJ rpukk;. vdNtjhd; my;yh`; 16:125 ,y; tpthjj;jpd; NghJ
nkd;ikiaf; filg;gpbf;f cj;jutpLfpwhd;.
! ,Nj Neuk; tpthjq;fisj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;Stij tuNtw;Wg; gy

egpnkhopfs; te;jpUf;fpd;wd. ~~rj;jpaj;jpy; jhd; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;W njupe;j
gpd; G k; tpthjj; i j tpl; l tUf; F r; Rtdj; j pd; e LNt xU tP l ; b w; f hd
cj;juthjj;ij ehd; jUfpNwd;. gpwiur; rpupf;f itg;gjw;Nf vd;whYk;
ngha; nrhy;tij ahu; tpl;LtpLfpwhNuh mtUf;Fr; Rtdj;jpd; eLNt xU
tPl;bw;fhd cj;juthjj;ij ehd; jUfpNwd;. ahuplj;jpy; ew;gz;Gfs; epuk;g
,Uf;fpwNjh mtUf;F cau;e;j Rtdj;jpy; xU tPl;bw;fhd cj;juthjj;ij
ehd; jUfpNwd;. (mg+jht+j;)
! NkYk; egp (]y;) $wpdhu;fs; : ~~Neu;topia mile;jjd; gpd;dhy; xU

$l;lk; vg;NghJ topnfLk; vd;why; tpthjq;fspy; <LgLk; NghJjhd;
mg;Jy;yh`; mk;U ,g;D `{[g; (uop) mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. ehDk; vdJ
rNfhjuUk; xU jlit k[;yp]py; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhf gs;sp thrYf;Fr;
nrd;Nwhk;. mg;NghJ %j;j egpj; Njhou;fs; thrypy; mku;e;J ,Ue;jdu;.
mtu;fisf; fle;J cs;Ns nry;tJ kupahijahf ,Uf;fhJ vd;W Xu;
Xuj;jpy; mku;eN ; jhk;. mg;NghJ mtu;fs; my;Fu;Mdpd; xU trdj;ij vLj;J
tpthjpff ; j; njhlq;fpdu;. tpthjk; #Lgpbj;J mtu;fSila rg;jk; gs;spthrypy;
cauj; njhlq;fpaJ. filrpapy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Nfhgkhf Kfk; rptf;f
mtu;fis Nehf;fp te;jhu;fs;. rpwpJ kz;iz vLj;J mtu;fis Nehf;fp
tPrptpl;Lr; nrhd;dhu;fs;. epWj;Jq;fs;! cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;w $l;lk;
,g;gbj;jhd; mope;jJ. egpkhu;fSf;fpilNa rpyiur; rpyiutpl cau;j;jp>
Ntj tupfspy; rpytw;iw rpytw;Wf;F Kuzhf tpthjpj;Jj;jhd; mope;J
Nghapdu;. my;Fu;Mdpd; trdq;fs; rpytw;iwf; nfhz;L rpytw;iwg;
ngha;ahf;Ftjw;fhfth ,wf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd... ? vijf; fw;wuP f; Nsh mijr;
www.nie.lk -108-
info@nie.lk
nraw;gLj;Jq;fs;. vJ njupatpy;iyNah mij mwpe;jtuplk; NfSq;fs; ..

(K];dj; m`;kj;)
! rpyu; rl;lq;fspd; fpisg; gpur;rpidfis ikag;gLj;jp midj;ijANk tpthj

Nkilf;F ,Of;fpd;wdu;. jq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis ve;j tpjj;jpYk; jpUj;jpf;
nfhs;sj; jahu; ,y;yhj rpyu;> jhq;fs; nrhy;tij gpwu; Nfl;fNtz;Lk;.
Mdhy; ehq;fs; ahu; nrhy;tijAk; Nfl;f khl;Nlhk; vd;w epiyapy; rpyu;>
ehq;fNs vg;NghJk; rj;jpaj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;fs;. kw;wtu;fs; vy;yhk; vg;NghJk;
mrj;jpaj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;fs; vd;W vz;Zk; rpyu;> vd tpthjpgN; ghupy; fhzyhk;.
! ,j;jF tpthjq;fs; rj;jpaj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jtijtpl FNuhjq;fisAk;>

gifikfisAk; tsu;j;JtpLtjhfNt mikfpd;wJ.
! jtpu;;f;fKbahj Neuq;fspy; khw;Wf; fUj;Jf; nfhz;NlhUld; vt;thW

tpthjpf; f Ntz; L k; vd; g jw; f hd topfhl; l iy Fu; M d; njspthf
Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.
7. khu;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; eLepiyg; Nghf;ifg; gpd;gw;wy;.
! ve; j tplaj; j pYk; msTf; F kP w pa fLikahd Nghf; i f tpl; L tpl; L

eLepiyahf ,Uj;jNy rpwg;G. Vnddpy; vk;ik eLepiyr; r%fk; vd
Fh;Md; Gfo;e;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
! vdNt khu;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; tuk;G fle;j Nghf;iff; filg;gpbf;ff;

$lhJ. mjpy; rkepiy NgZk; gz;G cUthf Ntz;Lk; mg;NghJ jhd;
fUj;J NtWghL> ,y;yhky; Nghf tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ.
! ,g;D k];Cj; (uop) mwptpf;fpwhu;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;;

~~jPtpu Nghf;if ifahs;gtu;fSf;F ehrk; cz;lhfl;Lk;|| vd;W %d;W
Kiw $wpdhu;fs;. (K];ypk;)
! ,q;F jPtpu Nghf;nfd;gJ ~~jq;fSila nray;fspYk; nrhw;fspYk; vy;iy

fle;J nraw;gLgtu;fs;|| vd ,khk; ettp (u`;) tpsf;fkspj;jhu;fs;.
~~khu;f;fj;jpy; msT fle;j Nghf;if ehd; cq;fSf;F vr;rupf;fpNwd;.

cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;w r%fk; mope;J Nghdnjy;yhk; khu;f;fj;jpy; msT
fle;j Nghf;iff; filg;gpbj;jjhy; jhd;|| (m`;kj;)
! jPtpu Nghf;Fg; gpuptpidiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. ,yFitf; ifahs;tJ

neUf;fj;ijAk; ,zf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;LtUk;. ]yGfisg; nghWj;jkl;by;
mtu;fs; vg;NghJk; vspjhd tplaq;fisf; ifahs;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
jkf;fpilNa vj;jidNah tplaq;fspy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;
ahUk; jq;fSf;fpilNa Kuz;gl;Lf; nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf xUtu; jPtpu
Nghf;iff; ifahz;lhy; mijf; fz;bj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
! Fwpj;j xU tplak; Fwpj;J mjpfk; Nfs;tp Nfl;gJ fLikapd; gf;fNk

,l; L r; nry; Y k; vd; g ij egp (]y; ) mtu; f s; czu; j ; j pdhu; f s; .
~~K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; mePjp vd;dntd;why; ùhk; my;yhj xU
www.nie.lk -109-
info@nie.lk
tplaj; j py; kP z ; L k; kP z ; L k; xUtu; Nfs; t pfs; Nfl; L ,tu; Nfl; l

fhuzj;jpdhNyNa mJ ùhkhfptpl;lhy; mJjhd; K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak;
mePjp MFk;. (Gfhup)
8. fiyr; nrhw;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jjy;.
! Fu;Md; ]{d;dhtpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s fiyr; nrhw;fisf; fUj;jwpe;J

gad; g Lj; j htpl; l hy; mJ r%fj; jfuhWf; F k; gpur; r pidfSf; F k;
toptFf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf Fg;u;> \pu;f;> epghf;> [h`pypa;aj; Nghd;w
nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ mtw;wpy; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd mu;j;jq;fis
mwpe;J gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; \upmj; rl;lj;jpy; xU thu;j;ij
ve;j tof;Fr; nrhy;ypy; tUfpwJ. me;j thu;j;ij jUk; cz;ikahd
nghUs; vd;d vd;gijg; Gupahky; NgrKw;gLk; NghJ tPz; tpthjq;fSk;
Nkhjy;fSk; Vw;gLtJ kl;Lkd;wp jhKk; topnfl;Lg; gpwiuAk; topnfLj;jpLk;
epiyjhd; Njhd;Wk;.
! \pu;f; vd;w thu;j;ijia vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy; mJ ,izitj;jy; vd;w

fUj;ijj; jUfpwJ. \pu;f;fpy; ngupaJ> rpwpaJ vd;W juhjuk; cs;sJ
midj;ijAk; xNu juj;jpy; itj;J clNd jPu;g;G toq;ff; $lhJ.
my;yh`;Tf;F ,izitj;jy; ngupa \pu;ff ; hFk;. mNjNeuk; rpy ghtq;fis
\pu;f; vd;w ngaupy; egp nkhop Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ~~ Fwpghu;j;jYk;>
jhaj;Jf; fl;LjYk; ke;jpupj;jYk; ,izitg;ghFk;|| (m`;kj;)
! vdNt my;yh`;Tf;F ,izitj;jy; vd;w ngupa \pu;f;fpd; juj;jpy;

egpnkhopapy; Fwpg;gpl;l nraw;ghLfisr; rkg;gLj;jp Nehf;f KbahJ.
9. ,[;jp`hJf;Fupa tplaq;fis mbj;Jr; nrhy;tijj; jtpu;j;jy;.
xU K[;j`pjpd; fUj;ij mLj;j K[;j`pj; kjpj;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;. jdJ

fUj;jpy; jdJ kj;`gpy; cs;sij tYf;fl;lhakhf gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L
mbj;Jr; nry;tijj; jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
! md;iwa mwpQu;fs; gpwupd; fUj;ij kjpjJ

; ele;jhu;fs;. jq;fspd; fUj;Jf;F
khw;wkhd fUj;ijr; rpyrkak; nray;tbtpy; nfhz;LtUk; epiy te;jNghJ
ve;jtpj kdf;f\;lKk; ,d;wp mijr; nra;jhu;fs;. ~~,e;jf; fUj;Jg;
ghJfhg;ghdJ> ,J rpwe;j fUj;J|| vdf; $wpdhu;fNsad;wp ~~,JNt rpwe;jJ>
,ijj;jtpu kw;w vy;yhf; fUj;Jf;fSk; KuzhdJ vd;W vtUk; $wtpyi ; y.
egpj;Njhou;fSs; me;epag; ngz;fisj; njhl;lhy; TO nra;jtu;fSk;
,Ue;jdu;.
! ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; xUKiw gf;jhjpy; ]{g`; njhOifia

epiwNtw;wpdhu;fs;. mtu; njhOj me;jg; gs;spthry; ,khk; mg+`dpgh
(u`;) mtu;fspd; mlf;f];jyj;jpw;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ ,khk;
\hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; FD}j;Jk; Xjtpy;iy. UFtpypUe;J epkpUk; NghJ
iffis cau;j;jTk; ,y;iy. Vd; vd;W Nfl;ljw;F ,khk; mg+`dPghtpd;
fUj;Jf;F ehk; fz;zpak; nfhLf;fpNwhk; vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.
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Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 4.4 : K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfisAk; mtw;wpy;
gpugyk; ngw;w jdpegu;fspd; gq;fspg;igAk; ,dk;
fz; L tpgupg; g hu; .
ghlNtisfs; : 14
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! K];ypk;fs; mwptpaw; fiyfspy; <LgLtjw;F VJthf mike;j
fhuzpfis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
!"""K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
!" mwptpaw; fiyfSf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fisg;
gl;baw;gLj;jthu;.
! K];ypk;fshy; tsh;f;fg;gl;l mwptpaw; fiyfs;> fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;>
njhopEl;gk; Nghd;wd INuhg;gpa mwptpay; fiyfspy; Vw;gLj;jpa
jhf;fj;jpid milahsg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Lthh;.

! cyf tuyhw;wpy; kdpj ehfupfj;jpdJk; gz;ghl;bdJk; tsu;rr ; pfF
; K];ypkf ; s;
Mw;wpAs;s gq;F kfj;jhdJ. mtu;fsJ ,e;jg; gq;fspg;Ng INuhg;gpa
mwptpay; kWkyu;rr; pfF
; k; tpjj
; pll
; J. mjD}lhf etPd mwptpay; tsu;rr; pfF
; k;
topfhl;baJ. ,j;jF kfj;jhd fy;tp fyhrhu tsu;r;rpf;Fk; mwptpay;
fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSf;Fk; gq;fhw;wpa ek; Kd;Ndhu; gw;wpa mwpKfKk; guPlr; aKk;
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
! xU r%fk; fle;j tuyhw;wpd; rhjidfs; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;gjd;

%yNk mjd; vjpu;fhyj;ij ek;gpf;ifNahL efu;j;j KbAk;. tuyhw;wpy;
ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; mwptpay; Jiwfspy; Kd;Ndhbfshfj; jpfo;e;Js;sdu;.
mtu;fs; if itf;fhj Jiwfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y Kbahjstpw;F
rfy JiwfspYk; <LghL fhl;bf; fhj;jpukhd mwpTf; fUT+yq;fis
cyfpw;F ms;spj; je;Js;sdu;.
! Fthup];kpapd; fzpjj; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G> ,g;D ]Pdhtpd; kUj;Jtj; Jiwg;

gq;fsp;g;G> my; gj;jhdpapd; thdpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G> ,g;D fy;J}dpd;
r%ftpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G> mG+ cigjhtpd; tpyq;fpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G>
mG+`dPgh my; jPdhthupapd; jhtutpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G vdg; gl;bay;
ePz;L nry;fpwJ.
! cyf ehupfj;jpd; mwptpay; Cw;Wf; fz;zhf my;Fu;Md; jpfo;e;Js;sJ.

mJNt ek; Kd; N dhuJ gq; f spg; G gy; J iwfspYk; gue; J tpupe; J
fhzg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ . my;Fu;Md; mtu;fisr; rpe;jpf;fj;
J}z; b aJ. Muha; r ; r pfspy; <Lgl topfhl; b aJ. fz; L gpbg; G f; f is
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Nkw;nfhs;s ce;J rf;jpaspjj

; J. mtu;fis tpopjJ
; g; gy;NtW tbtq;fspYk;
Ngrp mtu;fsJ rpe;jidfisf; fpswpaJ.
# ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;lhkh?
# ePq;fs; rpe;jpf;ftpy;iyah?
# mtu;fs; cw;W Nehf;f Ntz;lhkh?
# mtu;fs; rpe;jpf;ff; $lhjh?
vd my;Fu;Md; Nfl;ljd; %yk; mwpT> Muha;r;rp> rpe;jid> fz;Lgpbg;G

vd;gtw;wpy; mtu;fs; <Lgl topfhl;baJ.
my;thNw my;Fu;Md; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy;
# mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; r%fj;jpdUf;F
# mwpe;Jzu;e;J nfhs;sf; $ba r%fj;jpdUf;F
# rpe;jpj;J czuf; $ba kf;fSf;F vd;nwy;yhk; Nfl;gjd; %yk; mwpT

Muha;r;rp;f; fz;fisj; jpwe;Jtpl;lJ.
! 6666 trdq;fisf; nfhz;l my;Fu;Mdpy; Rkhu; 73 trdq;fs; MuhAkhW

Neubahfj; J}z;Lfpd;wd.
! ~~mit (g+j;Jf;) fha;g;gijAk;> gpd;du; fdpe;J gokhFk; tpjj;ijAk;

(kf;fNs!) cw;W Nehf;Fq;fs;. ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk; kf;fSf;F epr;rakhf
,jpy; gy mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd||(6:99)
! ,t;trdj;jpd; %yk; tptrhaj; Jiw rhu;ej

; kw;Wk; jhtutpay; Ma;TfSf;F
my;Fu;Md; J}z;LNfhy; toq;fpAs;sJ.
! G+kpapy; ePq;fs; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J (Muk;gj;jpy;) rpU\;bfs; vt;thW Njhd;wpd

vd;gijg; (Muha;e;J) ghUq;fs; vdf; Nfl;ljd; %yk; njhy;nghUspay;
kw;Wk; capupay; rhu;e;j Ma;Tfspy; <Lgl my;Fu;Md; J}z;bAs;sJ.
! ,it jtpu ,aw;if tpQ;Qhdj;ijf; fw;FkhWk; mjid MuhAkhWk;

gzpf;fpd;w trdq;fisAk; my;Fu;Mdpy; Vuhskhff; fhzyhk;.
! thdq;fspYk; G+kpapYk; vj;jidNah mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpd;

Kd; mtu;fs; mDjpdKk; nry;fpdw ; du;. vdpDk; mtu;fs; mtw;iw rpej
; pff
; hJ
Gwf;fzpj;Nj tUfpd;wdu;. (12:105)
! mtd; thdq;fisAk; G+kpiaAk; gilj;jpUg;gjpYk; ,uTk; gfYk; khwp

khwp tUtjpYk; kdpju;fSf;Fg; gad;jUtij (Vw;wp)f; nfhz;L rKj;jpuj;jpy;
nry;Yk; fg;gypYk; (tuz;L) ,we;j G+kpia capu;g;gpj;Jr; nropg;ghf;fp
itf; F k; thdj; j pypUe; J my; y h`; nghopar; nra; A k; kioapYk;
vy;yhtpjkhd fhy; eilfisAk; G+kpapy; gut tpl;bUg;gjpYk; fhw;Wfis
(g; gy Nfhzq;fspy; jpUg;gp)j; jpUg;gp tpLtjpYk; thdj;jpw;Fk; G+kpf;Fk;
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info@nie.lk
,ilapy; fl; L g; g Lj; j g; g l; b Uf; F k; fU Nkfj; j pYk; (kdpju; f Sf; F

gpuNah[dq;fis Muha;e;J) rpe;jpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F (mtDila mUisAk;
md;igAk; mwptpf;ff;$ba mNdf) rhd;Wfs; epr;rakhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. (2.164)
! ,t;thwhd my;Fu;Md; trdq;fshy; J}z;lg; ngw;w mwG K];ypk;fs;

gy;NtW Ma;Tj; JiwfspYk; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspYk; <LghL fhl;bdu;.
! ,d;iwa etPd cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; xt;Nthu; mwptpay; Jiwf;Fkhd

mbg;gilfis md;iwa K];ypk; mwpQu;fs;> tpQ;Qhdpfs; toq;fpdu;.
Fwpg;ghf fp.gp 8 Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; 14 Mk; E}w;wz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy;
Njhd;wpa K];ypk; mwpQu;fspd; rhjidfSf;Fg;; gpd;dhy; my;Fu;Mdpd;
J}z;LjNy fhzg;gl;ld.
! fpNuf;f ehl;by; Nrhf;uB]; vd;w mwpQd; vjd;]; efu ,isQu;fSf;F

Ma;Tupikapy; Mu;tj;ij Cl;bajw;fhf eQ;#l;lg;gl;Lj; jz;bf;fg;gl;lhu;.
! fp. K. 212 Mk; Mz;lstpy; Mf;fpukpb]; Geometrical Problems tbtpay;

rhu;e;j Gjpu;fis kz; jiuapy; vOjp Ma;T nra;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJ
Nuhkg; gil tPunuhUthy; jhf;fg;gl;lhu;.
! fpNuf;f ehl;by; [dehafk; epytpa Vjd;]; efupy; fiyfSk; gy;NtW

rpj;jhe;jq;fSk; Kd;NdwpapUe;jd vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. MapDk; m/
];fpy]; aeschyles Aupgg; pb]; (Euripidies) gpba]; (Phidies) ]hf;uB]; (socretes)
mup];lhl;by; (Aristatle) Nghd;w jj;Jt QhdpfSk; fiyQu;fSk; mq;Fjhd;
,k;rpf;fg;gl;ldu;. mtu;fs; rpiwapy; milf;flg;gl;ldu;. rpyNghJ J}f;fpy;
Vw;wgl;ldu;. ,t;tpj nfhLikfSf;Fg; gae;J mtu;fs; Xb xope;jdu;.
! ghg;ghz;ltu; ,uz;lhk; rpy;nt];lu; ];igdpy; rpy fhyk; jq;fpapUe;jhu;.

mg;NghJ mwG K];ypk;fshy; vOjg;gl;l E}y;fis thrpj;J mjdhy;
<u;f;fg;l;lhu;. mtw;iw Mu;tj;Jld; fw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. mtu; ];igdpypUe;J
jpUk;gp; nry;Yk;NghJ jhk; fw;w E}y;fspd; nkhop ngau;g;igAk; m];Nuhyg;
vDk; (Artrolable) tpz;izAk; Nfhs;fisAk; Muha;e;J mit gw;wpa
Nghjpa juTfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s cjTk; fUtp xd;iwAk; jk;NkhL
vLj;Jr; nrd;whu;. ehL jpUk;gpa mtu; muhgpa mwptpaiyAk; ju;f;ftpay;>
fzpjk;> thdpay; Mfpatw;iwAk; fw;gpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. mjd;NghJ ngUk;
vjpu;g;Gf;fs; fpsk;gpd. ];igdpypUe;J khaf; fiyfisAk;; gprhRfspd;
NghjidfisAk; vLj;J te;Js;shu; vd ,uz;lhk; rpy;nt];liu kf;fs;
rhbdu;. mtiu vjpu;j;Jr; r%fj;jpypUe;J xJf;fp tpl;ldu;.
! ,t;thW cyfk; mwpT Muha;rp fz;Lgpbg;Gf;Sf;F vjpuhfr; nraw;gl;Lf;

nfhz;bUe;j Ntis> my;Fu;Md; mwpT Muha;r;rp fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSf;F
kfj;jhd ,lj;ij toq;fp mg;gzpia ,ghjj;jhff; fUjpj; J}z;bf;
nfhz;bUe;jjJ.
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kUj; J tj; Jiw
! Vida Jiwfis tplTk; kpfTk; fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;G kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;F

K];ypk;fshy; fpl;bAs;sJ vd;gNj NgUz;ikahFk;.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Ke;ija fhy - [h`pypa;ahf; fhyg;gpuptpy;

kUj;Jtk; - mwptpaNyhL njhlu;ghd xU jdpf; fiyahf tsutpy;iy.
mJ ngUk;ghYk; khe;jpupfk; (witchcreft) #dpak; Kjypatw;NwhL ,ize;j
Xuk;rkhfNt tpsq;fpaJ. Rfhjhuk;> cly; eyk; Mfpatw;iwg; NgZtjpy;
$l mr;r%fk; mf;fiw nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy;> ,];yhk; mtu;fsJ
Rfhjhu> cly; eytpay; JiwapYk; ghupa khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; mtu;fs; jq;fsJ cly; eytpay; Jiwapy;
ftdk; nrYj;jj; J}z;bd. cly;> cs;sk; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G
gw;wp my; Fu;Md; trdq;fSk; `jP];fSk; Rl;bf;fhl;bd.
! cly; NehAw;wpUg;gJ tWikia tpl NkhrkdhJ. cly; Nehia tpl
cs;sk; NehAWtJ NkhrkhdjhFk; Kjyhd Nkw;Nfhs;fs; cly; eytpay;
Jiwapy; ftdk; nrYj;jj; J}z;bd.
! xUtuJ tho;fi ; fr; nraw;ghl;by; clYf;Fk; cs;sj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd rhu;G

epiyiaf; fhz;fpNwhk;. xUtd; mjpu;r;rpf;Fs;shdhy; mtdJ EiuaPuy;
njhFjpapYk; mb tapw; w pYk; khWjy; f s; Vw; g Lfpd; w d. mtd;
gaj;Jf;Fs;shdhy; Kfk; ntSj;J tpLfpdw ; J. %r;nrLf;ff; f\;lg;gLfpdw ; hd;.
grp Fiwe;J tpLfpd;wJ. ,jaj; Jbg;G mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. if> fhy;
Nrhu;TWfpd;wd. gaj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; ePq;fpaJk; mt;twpFwpfs; kiwe;J
cly; toikahd epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gptpLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd mjpu;r;rpfs;
,aw;ifahf> cly; ,af;fj;jpy; ghuJ}ukhd rPuN
; fl;ilf; nfhz;L tUtjpyi ; y.
fytug;gLjy; njhlUkhdhy; clypy; ghupa ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,t;Tly;
epiyf; NfhshW rpej; idAk; clYk; rhu;ej
; Neha; vd mu;uh]p Fwpgg ; pLfpwhu;.
! xU K];ypk; epiwNtw;Wk; mbg;giahd tzf;fq;fs; ahTk; cs;sj;NjhL
njhlu;GiladthFk;. mtw;wpd; epiwTj; jd;ik Rj;jj;jpNy jq;fpAs;sJ.
tzf;f topghLfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit my;yh`;tplk; mq;fPfhuk; ngw
Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mjw;F Kd; epge;jidahf Rj;jk; my;yJ J}a;ik
fhzg;gLfpwJ. "Rj;jk; <khdpd; gFjpnad" egpfshu; Nghjpj;jhu;fs;. rl;l
mwpQu;fs; ,t; tplaj;jpy; mjpf mf;fiw nrYj;jpaikahy; vy;yhr; rl;l
E}y;fspYk; ngUk;ghYk; Muk;gj; jiyg;G mj;j`hwh vDk; Rj;jk; gw;wpa
ghlkhf mike;Js;sikiaf; fhzyhk;.
! fpNuf;f ehfupfj;jpd; nropg;gpd; NghJ kUj;JtKk; fzprkhd mstpw;F

Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;bUe;jJ. ntWk; mDgtj; jpl;lkhf ,Ue;j kUj;Jf; fiy
fpNuf;fu;fspd; vOr;rpf; fhyj;jpy; rpj;jhe;j uPjpapNyNa tsu;rr
; pailayhapw;W.
`pg;Nghfpnub]; (Hippocrtess) fy;yd; (Galan) Nghd;w kUj;Jt Nkijfs;
mjd; tsu;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkha; mike;jdu;.
! Mdhy; fpNuf;f ehfupfj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tPo;r;rp kUj;Jtf; fiyiaAk; ghjpf;fj;

jtwtpy;iy. vdNt K];ypk;fs; fpNuf;f> ghurPf kUj;Jtf; fiyfis
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moptpy; epd;Wk; fhg;ghw;wpaNjhL fpNuf;f kUj;Jtu;fspd; jtWfis

tpku;rpj;Jk;> kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; gupNrhjid Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpAk;
gy Gjpa kUj;Jtr; rpjj; he;jq;fisAk; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; epWtpAk; kUj;Jtj;
Jiw tsu;r;rpf;Fr; rpwe;j gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jhu;fs;.
! epr;rakhf (Muk;gj;jpy;> Kjy;) kdpjidf; fspkz;zpd; rj;jpypUe;J

rpU\;bj;Njhk;. gpd;du; mjid ,e;jpupakhf;fp xU gj;jpukhd ,lj;jpy;
itj;Njhk;. gpd;du; me;j ,e;jpupaj;ij ,uj;jf; fl;bahf;fpNdhk;. gpd;du;
me;j ,uj;jf; fl;bia khkprg; gpz;lkhf;fr; nra;Njhk;. gpd;du; me;j khkprg;
gpz;lj;jpypUe;J vYk;ig cw;gj;jp nra;J me;j vYk;Gf;F khkprj;ij
mzptpj;Njhk;. gpd;du; mjid kdpj rpU\;bahf mikj;Njhk;. (23:12-14)
! ,Jgw; w p `hu; t pf; Nù; f ; n gy; l ; vd; g tu; "kUj; J t Muha; r ; r pfSf; F
my;Fu;MNd J}z;L tpir mspj;jNjhL nghJthf ,aw;ifiag; gw;wp
rpe;jpj;J MuhAkhWk; mJ vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ" vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
! egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; NghjidfSk; K];ypk;fis kUj;Jtj;

Jiwapy; <LgLtjw;F Mu;tj;ij J}z;baJ. 've;jnthU NehiaAk;
mjw;Fupa kUe;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jhky; my;yh`; ,wf;ftpy;iy" xt;nthU
Neha;f;Fk; xU kUe;Jz;L> me;j Neha;f;F kUe;J gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; NghJ
my;yh`;tpd; mDkjpNahL mJ FzkhfptpLfpwJ|| vd;Wk; $wpdhu;fs;.
! egp (]y;) mtu;fNs xU ngUk; kUj;Jtuhf tpsq;fpdhu;fs;. gy E}w;Wf;

fzf;fhd Neha;fSf;F mtu;fs; rpfpr;ir mspj;jhu;fs;. ,d;Dk; gyUf;F
Neha;fF
; upa gupfhuq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. "ePqf
; s; kUj;Jtk; nra;J
nfhs;tjpy; kpf Nkyhdit %f;fpDs; kUe;jpLjYk; ,uj;jk; Fj;jp
ntspNaw;WjYk; njhz;ilapDs; kUe;J Cw;WjYk;> Ngjpf;F kUe;J
Fbj;jYk; MFk;. (jpu;kpjp) vd;whu;fs;. "fUQ;rPufk; kuzj;ijj; jtpu
kw;nwy;yh Neha;fSf;Fk; mupa kUe;jhFk;" (Gfhup> K];ypk; )
'ePq;fs; nra;Ak; kUj;Jt rpfpr;irfSs; kpfr; rpwe;jit ,uj;jk; Fj;jp

ntspNaw;WjYk; flypYs;s "Fj;];" vDk; jhtuKkhFk;. (Gfhup)
! ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpsf;fpa Neha; epthuzk;> gupfhuk; gw;wpa

gy;NtW `jP]f ; Sk; "mj;jpgg
; e; egtpaa
; h" vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; mwpQu;fshy;
njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
! ,J> K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs; kUj;Jtj;jpy; rpwg;Gj; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUg;gij

mq;fpfupj;J mjw;F Kjd;ikaplk; toq;fpapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gijAk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;LfpwJ. gpwpnjhU rkak; "itj;jpak; gw;wpj; njupahj xUtu; kUj;Jtk;
ghu;j;jhy; mjw;F mtNu tif $w Ntz;Lk;" vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.
vdNt kUj;Jtk; gw;wpj; njupahNjhu; rpfpr;iraspf;f Kw;glf; $lhJ. mJ
jtwhd xU fhupak; vd egpfshu; vr;rupj;Js;shu;fs;.
! ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kUj;Jtk; gw;wpf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;j NghjidfSk;

topfhl;ly; KiwfSk; K];ypk;fis kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; <Lglj; J}z;bd.
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my;Fu;Mdpd; fUj;Jf;fshYk; ]{d;dhtpd; NghjidfshYk; J}z;lg;gl;l

mNugpa K];ypkf
; s; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; Kidg;NghL <Lglj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;.
! K];ypk;fspd; tpupthd kUj;Jt Muha;;r;rpfs; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis

mwG nkhopapy; ngau;fF ; k; Kaw;rpapypUe;Nj njhlq;fpad. fpNuf;fupd; kUj;Jt
E}y;fis nkhopngau;jj ; NjhL kl;Lk; K];ypk;fs; jkJ kUj;Jtg; gzpiar;
RUf;fpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. jkJ Muha;rr ; pfs; %yk; me;E}y;fspy; fhzg;gl;l
jtwhd fUj;Jf;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;br; rupahd tpsf;fq;fisAk; toq;fpdhu;fs;.
vy; y htw; W f; F k; Nkyhf jhk; ngw; w mwpitAk; mDgtq; f isAk;
mbg; g ilahf itj; J g; Gjpa cz; i kfisAk; fUj; J f; f isAk;
ntspapl;lhu;fs;. ,J gw;wp C.G. COSMSTON (fk;];ld;) An Introduction of
History of Medicne vd;w E}ypy; "mNugpau;fs; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapd; tsu;r;rpg;
ghijapy; Rkhuhf epd;W nfhz;L fpNuf;fupd; E}y;fisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk;
fz; % bj; j dkhfg; gpd; g w; w pdhu; f s; vd; W kpf eP z ; l fhykhfNt
fUjg;gl;LtUfpwJ. Mdhy; ,J xU jtwhd fUj;jhFk;. Vnddpy; mNugpau;
fsj;jpw;F te;jNghJ> fpNuf;f kUj;Jtk; Kw;whf mope;J NghapUe;jJ.
vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; khe;jpuf P Kk; trpaKNk tof;fpypUe;jd. me;jr; rkaj;jpNy
mNugpau;fs; fpNuf;f mwpTr; nry;tj;ij moptpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpaNjhL
kl;Lk; epy;yhky;> fpNuf;f kUj;Jtj;jpw;F tpupTiufs; vOjpajd; %yKk;>
mjpy; jpUj;jq;fs; nra;jjd; %yNk INuhg;ghtpNy tpQ;Qhdj;jpd;ghy; xU
Ritiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jjd; %yKk; mjid [duQ;rfg;gLj;jp itj;jhu;fs;.
mNugpau; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fisr; Nrfupj;J> mtw;iw mwG nkhopapy;
nkhop ngau;jj ; NjhL kl;Lk; jq;fs; eltbf;iffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L>
,e;j mwpit mtu;fs; kPz;Lk; INuhg;ghTf;Ff; flj;jpapUe;jhy; $l mJ
xU jho;ej ; rhjidahfptplhJ. Mdhy; mjw;F NkYk; nrd;W> %y E}y;fis
vOjpdhu;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
! Fwpg;ghf mg;gh]pau; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpNyNa> K];ypk;fspd; mutizg;gpy;
tsu Muk;gpj;j kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhdk; gioa rpwg;igAk; Gjpa nkUifAk;
ngw;wJ. ,f;fhyj;jpNyNa Gfo;ngw;w kUj;Jt Nkijfs; gyu; Njhd;wp
kUj;Jt Muha;r;rpfspy; <Lgl;Lg; Gjpa cz;ikfisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk;
fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. kUj;Jtj;jpd; rpwg;Gj; Jiwfs; jdpj;jdp tpQ;Qhdkhf
tsu Muk;gpj;jd. kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfSk; gy;NtW trjpfisf; nfhz;l
kUj;JtkidfSk; K];ypk; NguuR vq;Fk; epWtg;gl;ld. mg;gh]pa Ml;rpapd;
gpw;$wpy; K];ypk;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l fpNuf;f kUj;Jt mwpitAk; mNugpa
kUj;Jt KiwiaAk; INuhg;ghtpDs; flj;Jk; gzp Muk;gkhdJ. fpNuf;f
kUj;JtKk; mNwgpa kUj;JtKk; ,ize;jjd; %yk; Njhd;wpa a+dhdp
kUj;Jt Kiwia cyFf;F mspj;j ngUik K];ypk;fisNa rhUk;.
mtu;fNs ,f;fhy kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; je;ijau;fshfTk; ,Ue;jdu;.
! H.G.Wells, The outline & History vDk; E}ypy; "K];ypk;fs; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy;
ngUk; mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ rpfpr;ir KiwfSs;
gy ,d;Dk; Gof;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpdw ; d. rj;jpurpfpri
; rapd; NghJ kaf;f kUe;ij
,tu;fNs ghtpjj ; du;. INuhg;gpa cyfpy>; rka rlq;FfshNyNa Neha;fisf;
Fzg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;W ek;gpr; nrayhw;wpa kjgPlj;jhy; kUj;Jtj; njhopy;
jilnra;ag;gl;bUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa mNugpau; cz;ikahd kUj;Jt
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Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wpdu; vd;fpwhu;.
! kj;jpafhy K];ypk; kUj;JtNkijfs; INuhg;gpaUf;F Kd;dNu gy

Neha;jj; Lg;G Kiwfisf; fz;lwpe;J cyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;J itj;jdu;.
Inoculation vd;W miof;fg;gLk; fpUkp GFj;jy;> mk;ik Fj;Jk; Vaccication
Kiwia fp.gp. 1679 ,y; JUf;fpa K];ypk;fNs Kjypy; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;.
! Mdhy; ,d;iwa kUe;J cyfk; vl;tu;l; n[d;dNu vd;w Mq;fpy ehl;L

kUj; J tNu 1796 ,y; mk; i k Fj; J k; Kiwia fz; L gpbj; j jhf
nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. cz;ik ahnjdpy; vl;tu;l; n[d;dUf;F Rkhu; 115
tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dNk K];ypkf; s; mijf; fz;Lgpbj;Jg; gad;gLj;jp te;jdu;.
! rj;jpu rpfpr;irj; Jiwiag; nghWj;jkl;by; mwG K];ypk; kUj;Jtu;fs;

rP]u; ntl;L (Caesarean) Kjy; fz; mWitr; rpfpr;ir tiu kpfr; rpf;fyhd
rj; j pu rpfpr; i r Kiwfs; midj; i jAk; mwpe; J itj; j pUe; j du; .
ngUe;njhifahd rj;jpu rpfpr;irf; fUtpfs;> Fwpg;ghf gy;NtW tifahd
Ma; fj;jpfs;> Scalpels mtu;fshy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. mtw;Ws; rpy
kpfr; rpwpa khw;wq;fSld; ,d;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
! ,t;thW gy;NtW topfspYk; kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;Fg; ngUk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j

mwG K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G gw;wp -jhuPf; jkj;Jd; my;,];yhkp- vd;w
E}ypy; [{u;[p i]jhd; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
! 'rj;jpu rpfpr;ir itj;jpaj;jpy; RL fUtpfis (Cauterizing Agents) Kjd;

Kjyhfg; gad;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jtu;fs; K];ypk;fNs> raNuhfj;jpdhy;
gPbf;fg;gl;l Nehahsupy; fhzg;gLk; efq;fspd; epiy gw;wp mtu;fNs
tptupj;jdu;. guTk; Nehahd nrq;fz;khup Neha;fF
; upa rpfpr;iria mtu;fNs
fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. %f;fpypUe;J FUjp tbjYf;F jiyapy; Fspu;e;j ePiu
Cw;w mtu;fNs MNyhrid $wpdu;. fl;fhrk; Catrac ,w;fhf mWitr;
rpfpr;ir Kiw mNugpa K];ypk;fshNyNa tptupf;fg;gl;lJ. fy;yfw;Wk;
(Lithoromc) rpfpr;ir Kiw $l mtu;fsJ fz;Lgpbg;ghFk;.
! ,it kl;Lkd;wp fz;fspy; cz;lhFk; cataract fl;rhfk;> fz; tpy;iyfspd;

xsp Gfh ,ay;G (Opacity) fhuzkhfNt Vw;gLfpwJ vd;gij mwG
kUj;Jtu;fs; mwpe;jpUe;jdu;. ghu;itf; FiwTf;F gy;NtW tYf;fisf;
nfhz;l Power lenses nghUj;jg;gl;l %f;Ff; fz;zhb gad;gLj;jTk; mwG
K];ypk;fNs mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdu;. rj;jpu rpfpr;irapd; NghJ Nehahspf;F
czu;r;rpaw;w epiyia cz;lhf;Ftjw;fhf kaf;f kUe;Jfisg; ghtpf;Fk;
Kiwiaf; fz;lwpe;jik> ngupa rj;jpu rpfpr;irfspd; NghJ xU thuj;jpw;Ff;
$l Nehahspfis mtu;fs; kaf;f epiyapy; itj;jpUe;jdu;.
! ,t;thW gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j K];ypk;fSs; mg+gf;fu; ]fupa;ah mu;uh]p

Fwpgg
; plj;jf;f xUtuhthu;. kUj;Jtf; fiy gw;wp 117 ,w;F Nky;gl;l E}y;fis
vOjpatuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. ,tuJ 12 ghfq;fs; nfhz;l "my;`htp"
vDk; E}y; Gfo;ngw;w xU kUj;Jt E}yhFk;. ,tuJ 'fpjhGy; [{jup
ty;`];gh`;" vDk; E}y; ngupak;ik rpd;dk;ik gw;wp tpsf;FfpwJ.
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ngupak;ik flTspd; jz;lid vdf; fUjg;gl;L te;j kf;fspilNa mjid

xU Neha; vd;w tifapy; tpsf;Fk; Kjy; E}yhfTk; ngupak;ikf;Fk;
rpd;dikf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrj;ij tpsf;Fk; Kjy; E}yhfTk;
,J fhzg;gLfpwJ.
! William Harvey ,w;Fg; gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dNk Capillary Circulation

vDk; ,uj;Njhl;l Kiw gw;wp "fpjhGy; khypfp" vDk; E}ypy; myp ,g;D
mg;gh]; my; k[P]p vDk; mwG kUj;Jtu; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. K];ypk; kUj;Jt
NkijfSs; mGy; fh]pk; mg;gh]; m];]`;uhtp vd;gtu; surgery vDk;
mWitr; rpfpr;irj; Jiwapy; rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;fpdhu;. ,tu; "mj;jg;]Pu;"
vDk; 30 ghfq;fs; nfhz;l ngUk; kUj;Jtf; fiyf; fsQ;rpankhd;iwNa
vOjpdhu;. fz;> fhJ> gw;fNshL njhlu;Gila mWitr; rpfpr;ir Kiwfis
,e;E}ypy; tpsf;Fk; mtu; gy rpfpri
; r cgfuzq;fs; gw;wpAk; gy tpsf;fq;fis
mspj;Js;shu;. fp.gp. 15 Kjy; 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu ,tuJ ,e;E}y;
INuhg;gpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jJ.
! ek; Kd;Ndhu;fSs; myp ,g;D ]Pdh kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhd tsu;r;rpapd; cr;r
epiyf;Ff; fhuzkhapUe;jtuhthu;. 'mtpnrd;dh' my;yJ mntd;]Pdh
Nghd;w ngau;fshy; INuhg;gpau; kj;jpapy; gpugy;ak; mile;jpUe;jhu;. ,tuJ
"fhD}d;" vDk; E}y; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapd; iggpshf kjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd
Osler vDk; Nkw;fj;Nja mwpQu; Fwpgg; pLfpwhu;. 17Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjptiu
Nkiyj;Nja kUj;Jtu;fshYk; kUj;Jt khztu;fshYk; tpUk;gp thrpff ; g;gl;l
,e;E}iy a+dhdp kUj;Jtk; gapy;Nthu; ,d;W gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdu;.
! K];ypk; kUj;Jt mwpQu;fs; Jtq;fpitj;j Muha;r;rpfs; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;

%yk; kUj;Jtj; Jiw tsu;eJ ; Xq;fyhapwW
; . cikahf;fsJ Ml;rpff
; hyj;jpy;
FUlu;fSf;fhfTk; F\;lNuhfpfSf;fhfTk; Mq;fhq;F kUj;Jt kidfs;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; mg;gh]paf; fhyj;jpNyNa xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l
kUj;Jtkidfs; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. gf;jhj;> lk];f];> nfa;Nuh Mfpa
gFjpfspy; vz;zw;w kUj;Jt kidfs; Njhd;wpaNjhL rpiwr;rhiyfspy;
$l ifjpfSf;fhd kUj;Jt trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. mj;NjhL
gs;spthry;fSf;F mz;ikapy; KjYjtp epiyaq;fSk; epWtg;gl;ld.
,k;kUj;Jt kidfNshL ,ize;J kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfs; nray;gl;ld.
gf;jhj;> lk];f];> nfa;Nuh> kf;fh> n[&]yk;> ù;uhd; Mfpa gFjpfspy;
vz;zw;w kUj;Jtf; fyh epiyaq;fs; ,e;j mbg;gilapy; epWtg;gl;ld.
,f;fyh epiyaq;fspy; tpupTiuahsu;fs; Galen, mu;uh]p> my; k[P]p
MfpNahuJ E}y;fspd; mbg;gilapy; tpupTiufis epfo;j;jpdu;.
! K];ypk; kUj;Jt mwpQu;fs; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis ntWkNd
nkhopngau;j;J> mtw;iwf; FUl;Lj; jdkhff; fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L
gpd;gw;wtpy;iy. jiyrpwe;j fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis mwG nkhopf;F
nkhop ngau;j;jNjhL mtw;iw moptpd; epd;Wk; fhg;ghw;wpdu;. ,J kl;Lkd;wp
mtw;iw tpku;rd uPjpahf Muha;e;J Galen, Hippocrotas Nghd;w fpNuf;f
kUj;Jtu;fspd; jtWfisj; jpUj;jp ,j;Jiwapy; gy Gjpa rpjj ; hj;jq;fisAk;
toq;fpdu;. ,r;rpe;jidfs; ];igDf;Fk; ]p]pypf;F%lhf INuhg;ghTf;Fs;
Eioe;J INuhg;gpa kUj;Jtf; fiy tuyhw;wpd; Mo;ej; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.
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Gtpapay; Jiwg; gq; f spg; G
! cyfpy; kpfTk; njhd;iktha;e;j xU tpQ;Qhdq;fspy; xd;whf Gtpapay;

Jiw fUjg;gLfpwJ. kdpjd; ,g;Gtpapy; Njhd;wpaJ KjNy ,f;fiyapd;
njhlf;fKk; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ggpNyhdpau;> fpNuf;fu;> Nuhku; vdg; gyUk;
,j;Jiwapy; gq;fspgG ; r; nra;Js;sdu;. kj;jpa fhyg;gpuptpy; Gtpapay; Jiwf;F
mwgpfspd; gq;fspgG; kfj;jhdJ. ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpwF ; Kd;dNu mwgpfs;
fly; fle;j tu;j;jfj;jpy; <Lgl;ldu;. ehLfs;> ngsjpf #o;epiyfs;> khdpl
r%fq;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; ghijfs; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ,J
mtu;fsJ tu;j;jf eltbf;if fhuzkhf GtpapaNyhL guPl;rak; ngw
tha;g;Ngw;gLj;jpaJ.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ij mLj;J mwG K];ypk;fs; Gtpapay; Jiwapy;

<LghL fhl;Ltjw;Fg; ngUk; ce;J rf;jpahf my;Fu;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs;
fhzg;gl;ld.
! my;Fu;Md; Gtpapy; tho;e;J nrd;w gy r%fq;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Gtp

gw;wpAk; mjd; Njhw;wk;> mjd; tbtikg;G> Gtpapy; cs;s gilg;Gf;fs;>
gw;wpnay;yhk; Ngrp> mit Fwpj;Jr; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;LfpwJ.
! tuyhw; w py; Kf; f pa epfo; T fs; ,lk; ngw; w jyq; f is my; F u; M d;

Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. #wh f`;gpy; Fifthrpfs;” jq;fpapUe;j Fif gw;wpf;
$wpAs;sJ. E}`; (miy) mtu;fspd; fg;gy; J}ghd; nts;sj;jpy; xJq;fpa
[{jp kiy gw; w p> %]h miy) mtu; f spd; ,iwabahu; xUtiur;
re;jpg;gjw;fhfr; nrd;w ,U fly;fs; rq;fkpf;Fk; ,lk; Nghd;wd gw;wp
my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
! mt;thNw Jy;fu;idd; nrd;wile;j #upa m];jkd jpir gw;wpAk; Mj;>

r%j; r%fq;fs; tho;e;j ,lq;fs; gw;wpAk; my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
! cyfpd; ehyh jpf;Ffspy; ,Ue;Jk; f/ghit Nehf;fptUk; K];ypk;fs; jhk;

gad;gLj;Jk; ghijfs;> ClWj;Jr; nry;Yk; ghiy epyq;fs;> fly;fs;>
ejpfs;> rkntspfs; ,it gw;wpj; njupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; jhk; nry;Yk;
,lq;fspd; jl;g ntg;g epiyfis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; NkYk; jkJ
flikahd njhOifia epiwNtw;Wtjw;F jpiria mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;
Gtpapay; gw;wpa mwpT K];ypk;fSf;F mtrpakhfpaJ. ,jdhy; mtu;fs;
,j;Jiwapy; mjpf <LghL fhl;bdu;.
! ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; mg;ghrpau; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tpQ;Qhd mwptpay;

Mu;tk; gy;NtW E}y;fisAk; fpNuf;f nkhopapypUe;J mwGf;F nkhopngau;ff;
toptif nra;jJ. ,J Kd;ida ehfupfq;fs; ngw;wpUe;j Gtpapay; mwpT
gw;wpj; njupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mf;fiyia NkYk; tsu;g;gjw;Fk; Gjpa
fz;L gpbg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; fpNuf;fu; tpl;Lr; nrd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J
mjid NkYk; tsu;j;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;F ce;J rf;jpaha;
mike;jJ. ,J jtpu fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd;
vy;iy tl Mgpupf;f> nr];dpah> ];igd;> rpe;J vd kpfTk; tprhykile;jJ.
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,e;ehLfis Ml;rp nra;j K];ypk;fs; mq;Fs;s kf;fs; njhif> mtu;fsJ

njhopy>; mg;gpuNjrq;spy; mlq;fpAs;s ,aw;if tsq;fs;> gpuNjrj;jpd; epUthf
vy;iyfs;> may; ehLfs;> jiu kw;Wk; ePu; khu;f;fkhf gazk; nra;af;
$ba topfs;> gUtg; ngau;r;rpf; fhw;Wfs;> Jiw Kfq;fs; gw;wpnay;yhk;
njupa Ntz;bNaw;gl;likahy; mtu;fs; Gtpapay; JiwNahL jk;ik
,uz;lwg; gpizj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lJ vdyhk;.
! mg;ghrpau; nkhop ngau;g;Gf;fspy; ,jd; tpisthf> Vida r%fq;fSk;>

ehfupfq;fSk; ngw;wpUe;j mwpit K];ypk;fs; ngwTk; mtw;iwg; guPlr
; pj;Jg;
ghu;f;fTk; mtw;wpy; fhzg;gl;l gpiofisj; jpUj;jp mikf;fTk; mtu;fs;
tpl;Lr; nrd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J ,f;fiyia NkYk; tsu;j;Jr; nry;yTk;
tha;Ngw;wl;lJ.
! tpQ;Qhdf; fiyfs; gadw;wit vd;W kl;Lkd;wp mit NfL tpistpf;ff;

$bad vd fpwp]j; t kjf; Futu;fs; NghjpjJ
; te;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; thdtpay;>
Gtpapay; fiyfs; Vsdj;Jf;Fl;gl;ld. tpQ;Qhdpfs; Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;F
cs;shdhu;fs;. cyfk; ,j;jF gpd;dilTf;Fl;gl;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; fp. gp. 7
Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; Gtpapay; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhdf; fiyfis K];ypk;fNs
moptpypUe;J ghJfhj;J tsu;j;Jr; nrd;wdu;.
! cyf tuyhw;wpy; fpwp];jt gilnaLg;ghsu;fs; myf;rhe;jpupahtpypUe;j

E}y; epiyaj; i j mopj; j du; . rpYit tP u u; f Sk; kq; N fhypag;
gilnaLg;ghsu;fSk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; toq;fpa tpQ;Qhd mwptpay;
nghf;fp\q;fis mopj;jdu;.
! Mdhy;> K];ypk;fNsh jhk; ifg;gw;wpa ehLfspy; fpilj;j mwpTf;

fUT+yq;fisAk; fiyg; nghf;fp\q;fisAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J> tpUj;jp
nra;J tsu;j;jdu;.
! K];ypk; tuyhw;wpy; mg;ghrpa fyPgh kh%d; 70 tpQ;Qhdpfs; nfhz;l xU

FOit epakpj;J Gtpapd; Rw;wsitf; fzpf;fTk; rpd;[hu; rkntspapy; xU
ghifapd; J}u msT vt;tsT vd mstplTk; Kaw;rpj;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy;
cyfk; cUz;ilahdJ vd;gij K];ypk; tpQ;Qhdpfs;
fz;lwpe;jpUe;jjdhNyNa cyfpd; Rw;wsitf; fzf;fpl fyPgh k/%d;
Jzpe;jhu;. fypypNahTf;F Kd;djhfNt cyfk; cUz;il vd;gijf;
fz;lwpe;j K];ypk; mwpQu; my;gp&dp cyfpd; Rw;wsit msg;gjw;F
tpaf;fj;jf;f vspaNjhu; tha;g;ghl;ilAk; Kjd; Kjypy; tFj;jspj;jhu;.
,jid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Gtpapd; Rw;wsit Vwj;jhs 25009 iky;
vd mtu;fs; fz;lwpe;jdu;.
! G+kp NfhstbthdJ vd;w fUj;ij K];ypk; Gtpapayhsu;fs; cWjpahf

vLj;jpak;gpdu;. kj;jpa fhyg; gFjpapy; G+kp Xu; ,lj;jpy; epiyahf ,Uf;fpwJ
vd INuhg;gpau; ek;gpdu;. ,jw;F khw;wkhf G+kp jd; mr;rpy; Rod;W tUfpd;wJ
vd;w fUj;ij K];ypk; Gtpapayhsu;fs; epWtp te;jdu;.
! #upad; G+kpiar; Rw;wptUfpw njd Muk;g fhy tpQ;Qhdpfs; ek;gpdu;. mG+

]<j; ]d;[up vd;gtu; G+kp #upaidr; Rw;wptUfpwJ vd;w fUj;ij Kjypy;
www.nie.lk -120-
info@nie.lk
Kd;itj;jhu;. K];ypk; Gtpapayhsu;fs; Kd;itj;j ,f;fUj;Jf;fis mbahff;

nfhz;Nl INuhg;gpa tpQ;Qhdp nfhg;gdpf]; jd; fUj;Jf;fis epWtp te;jhu;.
! cyfpy; Guhjd Njrg; glj;ijf; fpNuf;fu;fNs tiue;jdu;. mjidj; jpUj;jpr;

rpwe;j Njrg;glq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Gtpapay;> thdtpay;> fzpjtpay;
mwpit K];ypk;fs; ngw;wpUe;jjd; tpisthf gy Gjpa Njrg;glq;fs;
mtu;fshy; tiuag;gl;ld. gy;NtW > K];ypk; Njr tiugl fiyQu;fshy;
Gtpapay; glq;fs; tiuag;gl;lhYk; my;Kfj;j]p vDk; mwpQu; fhyj;jhy;
gpw;gl;l Njrg;gl tiufiyQuhthu;. ,tu; K];ypk; cyfpid 14 gFjpfshfg;
gpupj;J xt;nthd;iwAk; jdpj;jdpahf tiue;jhu;. mtu; cUthf;fpa Njrg;
glj;jpd; tpNrl mk;rk; ahnjdpy; mjpy; gy;NtW epwq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
gupr;rakhd ghijfs; rptg;ghYk;> kzw; gpuNjrq;fs; kQ;rs; epwj;jhYk;
ctu; epwf; fly;fs; gr;ir epwj;jhYk; Kf;fpakhd MWfs; ePy epwj;jhYk;
gpujhd kiyfs; ntspu; rhk;gy; epwj;jhYk; milahskplg;gl;bUe;jd.
my; kf;jp]pw;Fg; gpd;du; my; ,j;uP]pd; glq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit. mtu;>
jhd; tFj;j 7 fhyepiyg; gpupTfisAk; fhl;Lk; tpjkhf G+Nfhsj;jpy;
milahsg;gLj;jpdhu;. mtuhy; tiuag;gl;l glq;fs; fpof;fj;Nja K];ypk;
cyif tpl Nkw;fj;Nja ,];yhkpa cyfpidr; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpdw ; d.
! fly; topg; gazj;jpd; Kd;NdhbfshfTk; K];ypk;fs; jpfo;e;Js;sdu;.

t];nfhlfhkhTf;F kype;jp vDk; Mgpupf;fhtpy; cs;s Xu; ,lj;jpypUe;J
fypfl;l vDk; Nfushtpy; cs;s Xu; ,lk; tiu ,g;D kh[pj; vd;gtNu
flw;gazj;jpd; topfhl;bahfj; jpfo;e;Js;shu;. ,J kl;Lkd;wp nfhyk;g];
mnkupf;fhitr; nrd;wila Kaw;rpg;gjw;F 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng
K];ypk;fs; mnkupf;fhitr; nrd;wile;jpUe;jdu; vd jw;fhy Ma;thsu;fs;
fUJfpd;wdu;.
thdtpay; fiy
! ,];yhj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhl;Nl mNugpau; tho;T thdtpaYld;

neUq;fpa njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jJ. ghiy tdq;fspD}lhfr; nrd;w tu;jj
; fg;
ghijfis milahsq;fhz el;rj;jpuq;fNs mtu;fSf;Fg; ngupJk; cjtpd.
el;rj;jpuq;fSld; fhzg;gl;l neUf;fkhd cwtpd; fhuzkhf rpyu;
el;rj;jpuq;fis tzq;fpdu;.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;NjhL njhOiff;fhf Neuj;ij mwpjy;> ukohd;> `[;

Kjyhdtw;Wf;fhf khjq;fis fzf;fply; Kjyhdtw;wpw;fhf thdtpay;
gw;wpa mwpT fl;lhakhf;fpaJ. gpuNjrj;jpw;Fg; gpuNjrk; Neuk;> kw;Wk;
gpiwapd; Njhw;wk; vd;gd NtWgLtij Jy;ypakhf fzpg;gpLtjw;fhfTk;
NtW gy;NtW Njitfspd; nghUl;Lk; Gtpapd; efu;T> kw;Wk; G+ kj;jpa
Nuif> G+kj; j pa Nuiff; F k; gpuNjrq; f Sf; f pilNaAk; cs; s J}uk;
Kjyhdtw;iw mwpa Ntz;bapUe;jJ. mt;thNw K];ypk;fs; fly; fle;j
tu;jj
; f eltbf;iff;fhfTk; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; miktplk; gw;wpa tiuglq;fis
tiue;J mtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fgw;wpAk; MuhAkhW J}z;LfpwJ.
! jq;fSf;F NkypUf;Fk; thdj;ij mtu;fs; ftdpj;Jg; ghu;f;ftpy;iyah?
www.nie.lk -121-
info@nie.lk
ehk; mjid vt;thW (xU fl;Lf; Nfhg;ghf) mikj;J mjid vt;thW

(el;rj;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;L) myq;fhukhf;fp itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mjpy;
vj;jifa ntbg;Gf;fSk; ,y;iy. (50:6)
mtNd (nghOij) tpbar; nra;gtd;. mtNd (epj;jpiu nra;J ePq;fs;)

Rfkiltjw;fhf ,uit Mf;fpdhd;. (ePqf
; s; fhyj;jpd; fzf;if mwptjw;fhf
#upaidAk; re;jpuidAk; (Mf;fpdhd;) (6:97)
! Fyghf;fs; fhyj;jpYk; cikahf;fs; fhyj;jpYk; ehl;bd; epu;thfk; r%f

tho;T Nghd;w Jiwfspy; mjpf <LghL fhl;l Ntz;bNaw;gl;ljhy; tpuy;
tpl;L vz;zf; $ba kpfr; rpy K];ypk;fNs tpQ;Qhdf; fiyfspy;
<LghLfhl;bdu;.
! cikah Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpg; gFjpfspy; mwpT> Muha;r;rpj; Jiwfspy; mjpf

ftdk; nrYj;jpa K];ypk;fs; mg;ghrpaf; fhyj;jpy; epWtg;gl;l igJy;
`pf;khtpd; JizAld; Jupj Ntfj;jpy; Kd;Ndwpdu;. gpw nkhop E}y;fs;
nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;ljhy; ghurPf> fpNuf;f> ,e;jpa thdtpaw; fUj;Jf;fs;
mtu;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jd. mj;Jld; mg;ghrpa fyPghf;fSk; thdtpay; Jiwf;F
mtrpakhd trjpfisr; nr;aJ nfhLj;jdu;.
! fp.gp. vl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; Fwpg;ghf mg;ghrpaf; fyPgh `h&d;>

kh%d; MfpNahuJ fhyg;gpuptpy; thdtpaw; fiy tsu;r;rpf;F ngUkstpy;
cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. mg;ghrpa fyPgh mG+ [/gu; my; kd;]{u; jdJ
muritf;F gf;jhj; tpQ;Qhdpahd ah$g; ,g;D jhupf; cld; r%fkspj;j
,e; j pa Njr tpQ; Q hdp kd; f hit tuNtw; W cgrupj; j hu; . kd; f h
nfhz;Lte;jpUe;j rk];fpuj nkhopapyhd "rpe;jhe;j" vDk; thdtpay; E}ypy;
gpujpia mwG nkhopf;Fg; ngau;f;Fk; gzpia K`k;kj; ,g;D ,g;uh`pk;
my; g]hupaplk; xg;gilj;jhu;. ah$g; gpd; ,g;uh`Pk; vd;gtuJ cjtpAld;
g]hup ,e;E}iy nkhop ngau;j;jhu;. ,k; nkhopngau;g;G thdpay; Jiwapd;
tsu;r;rpf;F cjtpaJ.
! fyPgh k/%d; fhyj;jpy; igJy; `pf;khtpy; nkhopngau;gG ; f;fhfTk; thdpiy
mtjhdj;jpw;fhfTk; jdpahd Vw;ghLfs; fhzg;gl;ld. jdpegu;fs; rpyUk;
nkhopngau;g;gpy; Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;. mt;thNw gf;jhj; lk];f]; ,];gfhd;
Kjyhd efuq;fspy; fyPghTk; NtW nry;tk; gilj;j jdpegu;fSk; thdpiy
mtjhd epiyaq;fis epWtpdu;. ,jd; tpisthf gpurpj;jp ngw;w thdtpaw;
fiy mwpQu;fs; E}w;Wf;fzf;fpy; fp.gp. 10-14 Mk; E}w;whz;LfSf;fpilapy;
Njhd;wpdu;.
! Rkhu; 12 Ma; T epiyaq; f s; thdpay; Ma; T f; n fd K]; y pk; f shy;

epWtg;gl;bUe;jd. thdpay; njhlu;ghd kpfr; rupahd KbTfis vLg;gjw;fhf
K];ypk;fs; ePz;lfhy mtjhdq;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. rpy mtjhdq;fs;
40 tUlq;fs; tiu njhlu;r;rpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jdhy; fpNuf;f
mwpQu;fspd; gy;NtW mtjhdq;fs; kPs; gupry P idf;F cl;gl;ld. njhykpapd;
thdtpay; ml;ltizia jpUj;jp mikj;jdu;.
www.nie.lk -122-
info@nie.lk
! igJy; `pf;khtpd; thdpiy mtjhd epiyaj;jpd; #upa fpufzj;jpd; rupT>

#upa tl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j ehl;fs;> #upad; g+kj;jpa Nuifiaj; jhz;Lk;
ehs; Nghd;wd mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
! fyPgh k/%d; jdJ mur rigapd; gpujhd tpQ;Qhdpfshd m`;kj;>

K`k;kj; `]d; Mfpa ,UtiuAk; g+kpapd; Rw;wsitf; fzpf;FkhW
gzpj;jhu;. xU ghifapd; J}uj;ij 56 2/3 mwG iky; vdf; fzpj;J
g+kpapd; Rw;wsT 204000 iky; vd;Wk; g+kpapd; tpl;lk; 6500 iky; vdTk;
fzpj;jdu;.
! ,g;uh`pk; my; g]hup nkhopngau;j;j E}iyj; jOtp rpe;J`pe;J my; fgpu;

vd;w xU E}iy vOjpdhu;. fpjhg; my; kpf;ah];> fpjhg; my; ]p[;> fpjhg;
my; mky; gpy; c];Ju;yhg;> fpjhg; my; fh]pjh gp cY}y; my; E[_k;
Mfpa E}y;fis mtu; vOjpdhu;.
! K];ypkf ; spd; Kjd;Kjyhd c];ju;Nyhg; (Astrolabe) xd;iw nra;j ngUik

,g;uh`pk; my; g]hupiaNa rhUk;. ,jidg; gad;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghf
fpjhg; gpd; mky; my; c];Juyhg; vd;w E}y; tpsf;FfpwJ. ]p[; vdg;gLfpd;w
thdtpay; ml;ltiznahd;iwAk; mtu; vOjpdhu;.
! fyPgh mg+ [/gu; my; kd;]{u; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j m`;kj; gpd; K`k;kj;
my; ehfhte;jp ,f;fiyapd; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpatuhthu;. my; K];j/ky;
vd;W ngauplg;gl;l xU thdtpay; ml;ltiziaj; jdJ nrhe;j mtjhd
epiyaj;jpy; mtjhdpj;j tplaq;fis ikakhf itj;Jj; jahu; nra;jhu;.
! k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j m`;kj; my; gu;fhd; vd;w Gfo; ngw;w

thdtpayhsu; ùfhj; m];]khtpa;ah t[thkp ,y;k; me;E[_k; vDk;
E}iy vOjpdhu;. ,J el;rj;jpuq;fspd; efu;Tfs; gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. g+kpapd;
tpl;lk; 6500 iky; vd;W fzpj;j mtu; Nfhs;fspd; tpl;lq;fisAk;
fzpj;Js;shu;. fpupNkhdhtpy; tho;e;j [u;ù;l; vd;gtu; ,jid ,yj;jpd;
nkhopf;Fg; ngau;j;jhu;. ,jd; mwG nkhopg; gpujp xf;Nghu;l;> ghup];> vfpg;J
Kjyhd E}y;epiyaq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
! gD} ]fpu; vd;wiof;fg;gl;l %]h gpd; ]$u; vd;gtupd; gps;isfshd

K`k;kj;> m`;kj;> `]d; MfpNahu; Gfo;ngw;w thdtpay; fiyQu;fshtu;.
jkJ nrhe;j thdpiy mtjhd epiyaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J
re;jpud; cs;s J}uk; fpufzj;jpd; rha;T g+kj;jpa Nuifia #upad; flf;Fk;
jpdk; vd;gtw;iwr; rupahff; fzpj;jhu;.
! fpd;jpapd; rkfhyj;jtuhd mg+ k`;\u; (Al bumasar) vOjpa ]p[; mgP

k`;\u; vDk; thdtpay; ml;ltiz gpurpj;jkhdJ. fpjhg; kj;fy; my;
fgPu;> fpjhg; my; cY}k; kthypJ up[hy;> fpjhGy; fpuhdhj; vd;gd mtu;
vOjpa E}y;fshFk;. re;jpud; gw;wp Ma;T nra;j ,tu; flyiyfspy; Vw;gLk;
cau;T jho;TfSf;F Vw;g re;jpudpd; <u;g;G rf;jp NtWgLfpd;wJ vd;w
fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhu;.
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info@nie.lk
! mGy; `]d; mg;Ju; u`;khd m];]{gp (fp.gp 903-986) vd;w Gfo; ngw;w
thdtpayhsu; fpjhg; my; fthfpg; my; ]hgpj; my; K]t;tu; vd;w E}iy
vOjpdhu;. ,jd; mwG nkhop E}Yk; gpuhd;rpa nkhop ngau;g;Gk; ,d;Wk;
fpilf;fpd;wd. mtuJ thdtpay; ml;ltizapy; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; ngau;>
mtw;wpd; gUkd;> mtw;wpd; efu;T> epwkhw;wk; Kjyhdtw;NwhL el;rj;jpuq;fspd;
miktplq;fisg; glq;fspd; cjtpAld; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. Fwpg;ghf 48
el;rj;jpuq;fspd; miktplq;fis mtu; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shu;. ,yj;jd P >; gpud;r>;
ghurPfk; Kjyhd nkhopfSf;F ,J nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;ls;sJ. ,];ghdpa
nkhopapy; ,e; E }Yf; F xU tpsf; f Tiu vOjg; g l; l s; s J. INuhg; g pa
thdtpayhsu;fspd; Ma;TSf;F ,e;E}y; mbj;jskhf mike;jJ.
! fp.gp. 858 ,y; gpwe;j mg;Jy;yh`; K`k;kj; ,g;D [hgpu; my; gjhdp (fp.gp
858-929) njhiyNehf;fpf; fUtp %yk; tpz;iz Muha;e;J el;rj;jpuq;fspd;
tpguj; njhFg;nghd;iw ntspapl;lhu;. fpjhg; k/upghj; kjhyp my; G&[; gp
kh igd mwg; my; gyf;> up]hyh gp j`;fPf; kpf;jhupy; ,f;jp]hyh vDk;
E}y;fs; gpurpj;jkhdit. jdJ thdtpay; ml;ltizapy; epiyahd
el;rj;jpuq;fs;> fpufzq;fspd; rupT > gUt khw;wq;fs;> #upadpd; Rw;Wg;ghij>
Nfhs;fspd; Rw;Wg;ghij> GJg;gpiw fz;fSf;Fj; njupaf;$ba Neuj;ij
mwptjw;fhf mwpTiu> #upa> re;jpuf; fpufzq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fpAs;shu;.
! thdtpaypd; c];jhj; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; mg+ ua;`hd; K`k;kj; my;

ng&dp fp.gp 973-1048 fhD}d; my; k]{Cjp gpy; àh td; E[_k; vd;w
E}iy vOjpdhu;. mf;fhyj;jpy; fUj;J Kuz;ghl;ilj; Njhw;Wtpj;jpUe;j
Gtp jdJ mr;rpy; RoYfpdw; J vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;fpdhu;. gy;NtW Jiwrhu;ej
;
Rkhu; 180 Gj;jfq;fis vOjpAs;shu;.
! ,e;jpahtpy; nkfyhau; Ml;rpapy; K];ypk;fs; thdtpay; Jiwia tsu;f;f

ghLgl;ldu;. nkfyha kd;dd; `_khA+d; xU thdtpayhsuhthu;. fp.gp.
1724 ,y; nly;ypapy; xU thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.
i`juhghj; nlf;fhdpYk; mtjhd epiyankhd;W mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
thdpiy mtjhd epiyaq; f s; .
! fp.gp 3Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;F gpwg

; l;l fhyj;jpy; fpNuf;fu;fNs thdpay; Muha;rr
; papy;
Kf;fpak; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ];fe;jupaa; htpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j thdpay; mtjhd
epiyaNk cyfk; KOtjw;Fkhd xNu epiyakhf fzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
! igJy; `pf;khtpy; fhzg;gl;l thdtpay; Muha;r;rp epiyak; mf;fhyj;jpy;

,Ue;j midj;J epiyaq;fisAk; tpl rpwe;j juj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
njhykpapd; my; k[];jpkh vd;w E}ypy; tpsf;fg;gl;bUe;j thdtpay;
fUtpfis cw;gj;jp nra;AkhW k/%d; mwpQu;fisg; gzpj;jpUe;jhu;.
mjw;Nfw;g gy Gjpa fUtpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.
! `p[;up 214 ,y; lk];f]py; cs;s if]_d; kiyapy; Xu; Ma;T epiyak;
epWtg;gl;lJ. ,J mu;u]k; k/%dp vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
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info@nie.lk
! my; ng&dp fl;ba Fthu];kp mtjhd epiyak;> ,g;D ]Pdhtpd; mtjhd

epiyak;> jfpa;Aj; jPd; mtjhd epiyak;> f\;kPu; mtjhd epiyak;>
`{];[hd; mtjhd epiyak; vd;gdTk; Rl;bf;fhl;lj; jf;fd.
! fp.gp 829 ,y; gf;jhjpy; cs;s jj;kuP ; ntspapy; m\;\k;\pa;ah vd;w thdpay;
Ma;T epiyak; fyPgh k/%dpdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. mf;fhyj;jpypUe;j kpf
Kf;fpakhdtu;fshff; fUjg;gLk; a`;ah gpd; kd;]{u;> mg;gh]; gpd; ]<j;>
fhypj; gpd; my; k&]p KjyhNdhu; mjpy; gzpGupe;jdu;.
! thdtpaNyhL njhlu;ghd mwG nkhopg; gjq;fs; ,d;Wk; jpupgile;j epiyapy;

INuhg;gpa thdtpay; fiyapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. m];]kpj;> my; go;y>;
MfpUe; efhu; Kjyhd gjq;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.
! el;rj;jpuq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; mwGg; gjq;fs; ,d;Wk; tof;fpy; cs;sd. Akrab,

Altair, Nadir Kjyhdtw;iw cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;
nkhopngau; g ; G f; fiy
! ,];yhk; mwpTf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;w khu;f;fk; vd;w tifapy;

Muh;a;rpiaj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ. ~~(gpd;Dk; kdpju;fis Nehf;fpf; $Wk;gb
,g;uh`PKf;F fl;lisapl;Nlhk;.) g+kpapy; ePq;fs; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J ghUq;fs;.
Muk;gj;jpy; gilg;Gf;fis vt;thW cw;gj;jp nra;fpwhd;. (mt;thNw kuzpjj ; )
gpd;dUk; my;yh`; (kWikapy;) kWKiwAk; cw;gj;jp nra;thd;. epr;rakhf
my;yh`; midj;jpd; kPJk; kpf;f Mw;wYs;std;." (29:20)
"thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk; gilj;jpUg;gjpYk; ,uT gfy; khwp khwp tUtjpYk;

mwpTilatu;fSf;F epr;rahkhf gy mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (3:190)
! ,it Nghd;w my;Fu;Mdpa trdq;fs; kw;Wk; mwpitj; J}z;Lk; ]{d;dhtpd;

NghjidfshYk; ftug;gl;l md;iwa K];ypk;fs; mwpT ngWtjpy; mjPj
mf; f iw nrYj; j pdu; . ,]; y hkpa ehfupfj; j py; rpe; j dh ,af; f q; f s;
tpUj;jpailtjw;F mg;Nghjidfs; J}z;LNfhyha; mike;jd. mjdbahfNt
gpw nkhopfspy; fhzg;gl;l mwpTf; fUT+yq;fNs K];ypk;fs; tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf jkJ nkhopf;Fg; ngau;jj ; du;. jkJ nkhopapy; ,Ue;jtw;iwg;
gpw nkhopf;F khw;wk; nra;jdu;. ,jdhy; tpUj;jpaile;j nkhopngau;g;G
gzp kw;Wk; mwpit ,lk;ngau;f;Fk; gzpapD}lhf mtu;fs; Gj;jhf;fq;fis
Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. gpw nkhop E}y;fspy; fhzg;gl;l gpiofis mtu;fs;
jpUj;jpdu;. Mjhug+u;tkhf mtw;iw tpku;rpj;jdu;. epiwe;j ,e;jpa> fpNuf;f>
ghurPf jj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fis ju;f;f uPjpahfTk; Mjhug+u;tkhfTk; vjpu;j;Jj;
jkJ fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jdu;. kj;jpa fhyj;jpy; ,khk; f];]hyp> ,g;D
U\;j>; ,g;D fy;J}d;> ,g;D Jigy; Nghd;Nwhu; ,q;F Fwpgg ; plj;jf;f
; tu;fshtu;.
nkhop ngau;gG ; g; gzpapd; Muk;gk; mg;Jy; kypf; gpd; ku;thdpd; fhyj;jpNyNa
Muk;gpjj; J. fyhepjp cku; gu;&`; nkhopngau;gG ; f;F VJthfpa fhuzq;fisr;
RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
1. mwgpfs; gpw r%fq;fNshL xd;W fye;j Ntisfis mtu;fsJ Gjpa
www.nie.lk -125-
info@nie.lk
mwpTg; ghuk;gupaq;fisf; fz;L mtw;wpD}lhfj; jq;fsJ mwpitAk;

fyhrhuj;ijAk; rpe;jdh Mw;wiyAk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F ehbdu;.
,JNt nkhopngau;g;Gf;fhd Kjd;ikf; fhuzkhf mikayhk;.
2. mwgpfs; jq;fsplk; mupjhff; fhzg;gl;l gpwuplk; gutyhff; fhzg;gl;l

kUj;Jtk; fzpjk; fhyf;fzpg;G Nghd;wd gw;wpa mwpTfisg; gpwuplkpUe;J
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ehbdu;.
3. mwpitj; NjLtjw;Fk; rpe;jpg;gjw;Fkhd my;Fu;Mdpd; J}z;Ljy;
4. ehfupfj;jpd; milahskhf mwpitf; fUjpaik
5. xU ehL mtrpak; nghUshjhu uPjpahf tpUj;jp milfpd;w NghJ mq;Nf

Mlk;guk;> ngupa FbapUg;Gf;fs;> fl;llq;fs; Nghd;wd Njhd;Wk; mt;Ntisapy;
kdpj cs;sq;fs; mwpit tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; rpe;jdh uPjpahd
tho;itf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; tpUk;Gk;.
6. fyPghf;fs; nkhopngau;g;gpy; fhl;ba mf;fiw. mtu;fs; xU Gj;jfj;ij

nkhopngau;j;jhy; mjd; ghuj;jpd; msTf;F jq;fj;ij ntFkjpahf
nkhopngau;g;ghsDf;F toq;fpdu;. NkYk; `p[;up 218,y; kuzpj;j fyPgh
k/%d; igJy; `pf;khit ];jhgpj;J nkhopngau;ghsu;fis mq;F xd;W
Nru;j;jhu;. ehl;L murpaypd; xU gFjpahf E}y;fis nkhopngau;f;fpd;w
gzp fhzg;gl;lJ. E}y;fisg; ngWtjw;Fk; nkhopngau;g;gjw;Fk; mjpfkhf
nrytpl; l du; . MY Kd[; [ k; vd; w FLk; g j; j pdu; Gj; j fq; f is
nkhopngau;g;gjw;fhf khjhe;jk; 500 jPdhu;fis nrytpl;ldu;.
! nkhop ngau;g;G gzp ,uz;L topfspy; ,lk;ngw;wJ.
1. E}y;fisg; gpwnkhopapypUe;J mwgpf;F nkhopngau;jjy;
2. gpw nkhopfspypUe;J NtW gpw nkhopfSf;F E}y;fis nkhopngau;j;jy;
! cikahf; fhyj;jpy; `hypj; ,g;D a]Pj; mtu;fis KjyhtJ nkhopngau;gG ; g;

gzpia Muk;gpj;jtuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. mjhtJ nkhopngau;g;Gg; gzp
`p[;up Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa gFjpapy; Muk;gkhdJ. `p[;up 85 ,y;
fhyk;nrd;w `hypj; fyPghg; gjtpapd; ek;gpf;if ,oe;j mtu; mwpTj;
Jiwapy; jd; i d <LgLj; j pf; nfhz; l hu; . kupahD}]; vd; g tuplk;
,urhadtpaiyf; fw;whu;. gpd;du; ,urhad tpay; E}y;fis mwGf;F
nkhopngau;f;Fk;gb gzpj;jhu;. fyPgh mg;Jy; kypf;Fila fhyj;jpNy
kUj;Jtj;jpd; fiyf;fyQ;rpak; vdf; fUjg;gl;l m`Nuhd; ,g;D mg;gh
vOjpa kUj;Jt E}y; Kjypy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;lJ.
! mg;gh]paf; fhyg;gFjpapy; fyPgh k/%Df;F Kd;du; mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D

Kfg;g/ (kuzk; `p-142) gy E}y;fis mwGf;F nkhopngau;j;jhu;. ghurPf>
,e;jpa fijfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fyPyh tjpk;dh vd;w E}iy
mtu; vOjpdhu;. fyPgh mg+ [/gu; my; kd;]_upd; fhyj;jpy; nkhopngau;g;G
www.nie.lk -126-
info@nie.lk
mur fz;fhzpg;gpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. `h&d; u\Pjpd; fhyj;jpy; nkhopngau;g;Gg;

gzp xU xOq;fikg;gpw;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. Nahfdh ,g;D kh]itfp>
`[;[h[; ,g;D kju; Nghd;Nwhu; ,g;gzpapy; <Lgl;ldu;.
! fyPgh k/%dpd; fhyk; mwpntOr;rpapd; nghw;fhyk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

kj;jpa fhyg;gFjpapy; mwptpdJk; Qhdj;jpdJk; fyq;fiu tpsf;fhf gf;jhj;
fhzg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU nkhopapypUe;Jk; E}y;fis mwGf;Fg; ngau;f;Fk;
gzp mq;F ,lk;ngw;wJ. nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fSf;F ntFkjpahf E}ypd;
ghuj;jpw;Fj; jq;fk; rd;khdkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ. fyPgh k/%d; `p[;up 215
,y; cNuhk kd;dd; NjhgPy; ntw;wp nfhz;lNghJ mq;F fpU];jtk;
gutpaNghJ kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j fpNuf;f jj;Jt E}y;fisj; jdf;Fj;
jz;lg;gzkhfj; jUk;gb fyPgh k/%d; Njhgyplk; Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhu;.
mjw;F cld;gl;l mtu; E}y;fis k/%Df;F toq;fpdhu;. fyPgh k/%Ndh
mtw;iwj; jdf;Ff; fpilj;j ngUk; mUl;nghf;fp\khff; fUjp Vw;Wf;
nfhz;lhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nkhopngau;gg
; hsu;fshf gyu; ,Ue;jdu;. mtu;fspd;
gpujhdkhdtu;fshf `{idd; ,];`hf;> ]hgpj; ,d;D Fu;uh> `{[;[h[;
,g;D kju; Nghd;Nwhu; fhzg;gl;ldu;.
,uhZt jsghlq; f s;
! ,];yhk; xU K];ypkpd; cly; MNuhf;fpaj;jpYk; ghJfhg;gpYk; $ba fuprid

nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. gykhd xU K/kpd; gytPdkhd xU K/kpidtpl
my;yh`;Tf;F kpfTk; tpUg;gkhdtd; vd;W $wpa egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
ePeJ; jy;> mk;ngwpjy;> Fjpiuapy; rthup nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; J}z;bdhu;fs;.
mk;ngwptjw;Fg; gapd;w xUtu; mjid tpl;LtpLtjhdJ ,iwtd; toq;fpa
mUl;nfhil xd;iw epuhfupg;gjw;Fr; rkd; vd;W $WfpwJ. vdNt mtd;
vg;NghJk; ,iwghijapy; NghuhLfpd;w xU Nghuhspapd; ,af;fg;ghL nfhz;l
RWRWg;ghdtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtd; xOq;ifAk; fPog ; bjiyAk; vd;Wk;
tpUk;Gfpd;wtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. \hk; gilj;jsgjpahf ,Ue;j `hypj;
,g;D tyPj; gjtpapypUe;J ePff ; g;gl;lJk; fPot
; UkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;. mkPUy;
K/kpdPdpd; fl;lisia nrtpNaw;W ehd; fPo;gbe;J tpl;Nld;. my;yh`;
kP J Mizahf cku; (uop) mtu; f s; vd; k P J xU ngz; i zj; j hd;
nghWg;ghsuhf epakpj;jhYk; ehd; nrtpkLj;J fPo;gbe;jpUg;Ngd;. ,g;ngU
Nghuhl;l czu;Tk; fPog ; bAk; gz;GfSk; md;iw K];ypk;fs; MAjq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jTk; gpd;epw;ftpy;iy. gpw;fhyj;jpy; mtu;fshfNt ,uhZtj;
jsghlq;fis epu;khzpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;w msTf;F Kd;Ndwpdu;.
! mwgpa K];ypkf ; s; Muk;gj;jpy; mj;jpuc
; vd;w ,Uk;ghyhd jl;il tbtpdhy;
mike;j ftrj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ ft;]h vd;w
Kl;il tbtpy; mike;j ,Uk;gpdhyhd jiyf;ftrj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;.
ths; n tl; b ypUe; J jk; i kf; fhg; g jw; F mj; J u; ] ; vd; w tifapyhd
Nflaj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. ths;> mk;G> <l;b> Nfhlhup tbtpy; mike;j
MAjk;> Nfhlhup> tpy;Y> fj;;jp Nghd;wtw;iw jdpegu; MAjq;fshf
Nghuhl;lq;fspy; mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpdu;. $l;lhf mtu;fs; kd;Qdpf;> ftr
thfdk;> Nfhl;il kjpy;fisf; flg;gjw;fhd Vzpfs; Nghd;w r%f
MAjq; f isAk; mtu; f s; gad; g Lj; j pdu; . Aj; j jhf; F jy; f Sf; F g;
www.nie.lk -127-
info@nie.lk
gad;gLj;Jfpd;w ngupa MAjkhf kQ;rdpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. etPd fhyj;jpy;

VTfizfis xj;jjhf mit fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;wpD}lhf fw;fis itj;J
J}u ,lj;jpw;F vwpe;jdu;. ]y;khd; my; ghup]; (uop) mtu;fs; jhapig
Kw;Wifapl;l NghJ kQ;rdpf; fUtp xd;iw nra;J gad;gLj;jpdhu;. cku;
(uop) mtu;fs; ,f;fUtpfisr; nra;tjpy; kpfTk; fuprid nfhz;bUe;jhu;
ghurPfj;ij ,];yhkpag; gilapdu; ntw;wp nfhs;fpd;w NghJ mtu;fsplk;
Rkhu; 20 kQ;rdpf; fUtpfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mt;thNw \hk; Njrj;ij ntw;wp
nfhs; t jw; F g; gilnaLj; j mg+ cigjh> `hypj; Nghd; N whu; f sJ
gilazpapdu; Vuhskhd kQ;rdpf; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. mk;upg;D
M]; (uop) mtu;fs; vfpg;jpy; G];jhf; efupy; jq;fpapUe;j NghJ kQ;rdpf;
fUtpfis cw;gj;jp nra;jhu;fs;.
! cikahf;fs; kQ;rdpf; fUtpfis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;.
`[;[h[; ,g;D a+Rg; mtu;fs; kQ;rdpf; fUtp xd;iw cw;gj;jp nra;J
mjw;F my; m&]; vdg; ngaupl;lhu;. mf;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F 500
gzpahsu;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;w msT mJ gpukhz;lkhdjhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
K`k;kj; gpd; fh]pk; fuhr;rpapy; `p[;up 89 ,y; Nlgs; efupd; rpe;jpd; gy
efuq; f isAk; ifg; g w; W tjw; F Vuhskhd kQ; r dpf; fUtpfisg;
gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. `p[;up ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; K];ypk;fspilNa
Nghuhl;lq;fspNy efuq;fis Kw;WifapLtjw;Fk; ru;trhjhuzkhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU MAjkhf kQ;rdpf; fUtpfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjidj;
njhlu;e;J mg;gh]pau;fNs mf;fUtpfs; kpfr; rhjuzkhf Gof;fj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;ld. mNef Nghuhl;lq;fspy; mjid mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpdu;. `p
223,y; mk;%upaa ; h Nghupy; ,jd; gad;ghL tpNrlkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. K];ypk;
Nghuhspfs; ,f;fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ,iwtidg; ngUikg;gLj;jp
jf; g P u ; Koq; f patu; f shfTk; gpd; t Utd Nghd; w ,iwtrdq; f is
Xjpatu;fshfTk; mjidg; gad;gLj;Jk; kuigf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
(vwpag;gl;l nrq;fy; xt;nthd;wpYk;) cq;fs; ,iwtdhy;
milahskplg;gl;bUe;jJ. (Gul;lg;gl;l) mt;t+u; ,t;tf;fpukf;fhuu;fSf;F
ntF J}uKky;y. (tpUk;gpdhy; mjid ,tu;fs; Neupy; nrd;W ghu;j;Jf;
nfhs;syhk;) (86:83)
! K];ypk;fs; fz;Lgpbj;J tpUj;jp nra;j MAjk; kQ;rdpf; kl;Lky;y. jg;ghgh

vDk; ftr thfdq;fisAk; mtu;fs; fz;Lgpbj;Jg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. me;j
thfdk; ituKs;s gyifapyhyhd NfhGu tbtk; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLk;.
mjw;F Nkyhy; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf tpdhf;fpup gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Njhy;fshy;
xl;b itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Vnddpy; mit jPapdhy; vuptijj; jLg;gjw;fhfNt
mt;thW nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.NkYk; mt;thfdj;ij efu;jJ ; tjw;F trjpahfr;
rf;fuq;fSk; nghUj;jg;gl;bUe;jd. Aj;jq;fspd; NghJ vjpupfspd; mk;G
fw;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J jk;ikj; jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,jidg;
gad;gLj;jpdu;. rpyNghJ mf;ftr thfdj;jpw;F cs;Ns kiwe;jpUe;J
Nfhl;ilfis Nehf;fpa vjpupfisf; Fwpitj;Jj; jhf;Fjy;fis elhj;jpdu;.
! ,JthdJ gj;J kdpju;fs; ,Ue;J vjpu;j; jhf;Fjy; elhj;jf;$ba msT
www.nie.lk -128-
info@nie.lk
tprhykhf ,Ue;jJ. mjd; $iug;gFjpiaAk; Vida ehd;F gFjpfisAk;

jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J vjpu;nfhs;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. vjpupfspd; mk;G>
fw;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf fdkhd gyiffisAk;> ,Uk;GfisAk;
gad;gLj;pdu;. NkYk; Nfhl;ilfis ntw;wp nfhz;l NghJ mjid ClWj;Jr;
nry;tjw;Fg; ghykhfTk; ,jidg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.
! NkYk; my; mg;uh[; t ]yhypKy; `p]hd; NkYk; kfh`pd; Nghd;w

,uhZt jsghlq;fisAk; cUthf;fpg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. ntbnghUl;fis
Foha; xd;wpy; epug;gp J}u vwptjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w fUtpNa kfh`py;
vd;gjhFk;.
fg;gy; fl;Ljy;
! akd; Njrj;J mwgpfs; flw;gazj;jpy; fuprid nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mtu;fsJ

fg;gy;fs; fpof;fhrpa kw;Wk; fpof;fhgpupf;f jiufs; tiu nrd;W te;jd.
,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpd; gpdd
; u; mwG K];ypkf
; s; flw; gazj;jpy; <LgLtjw;F
ce;J rf;jpahf my; Fu;Md; mike;jJ.
! my;Fu;Mdpd; " (egpNa) ePq;fs; ghu;f;f tpy;iyah? epr;rakhf my;yh`;

g+kpapYs;s midj;ijAk; cq;fSf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fpwhd;. fg;gy;
mtDila fl;lisg;gb flypy; nry;fpwJ. jd;Dila mDkjpapd;wp g+kpapd;
kPJ thdk; tpohJ mtd; jLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. epr;rakhf my;yh`;
kdpju;fs; kPJ kpf;f md;Gk; fpUigAk; cilathd ,Uf;fpwhd;." (22:65)
"my;yh`; fliy cq;fSf;F trjpahf mikj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mtd;

fl;lisiaf; nfhz;L (gy jPTfSf;Fj;) fg;gypy; nrd;W (mjd; %yk;)
mtDila mUis ePq;fs; Njbf;nfhs;fpd;wPu;fs;. (mjw;fhf mtDf;F)
ePq;fs; ed;wp nrYj;JtPu;fhshf. (45:12)
! Nghd;w trdq;fs; flw;gazj;jpy; <LgLtjw;Fj; J}z;LNfhyha; mike;jd.

KMtpah (uop) mtu;fs; \hk; Njrj;J ftu;duhf ,Ue;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
Nuhk; Njrj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLg;gjw;F cku; (uop) mtu;fis typAWj;jpdhu;.
cku; (uop) mtu;fs; vfpg;jpd; ftu;duhf ,Ue;j mk;u; ,g;D M]; mtu;fsplk;
fly; epytuk; gw;wpj; jdf;F tpsf;fp vOJk;gb fbjk; vOjpdhu;. c];khd;
(uop)mtu;fsJ Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; KMtpah (uop) flw;gilnaLg;G elhj;j
mDkjp Nfl;l NghJ c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; mjw;F cld;gl;lhu;fs;.
KMtpah (uop) mtu;fs; `p 27 ,y; flw;gilnaLg;G elj;jp irg;gu];
jP i t ifg; g w; w pf; nfhz; l hu; . mjidj; njhlu; ; e ; J gy; N tW flw;
gilnaLg;Gf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wd. ,f;fly; gilnaLg;Gf;fNshL ,ize;jjhff;
fg;gy; fl;lw;njhopDl;gKk; K];ypk;fspilNa tsu;r;rpAw;wd. fyPgh mg;Jy;
kypf; gpd; ku;thd; Mgpupf;fhtpy; jdJ ftu;duhf ,Ue;j `];]hd; ,g;D
]hgpj;jplk; ba+dPrpahtpy; fg;gw;fl;ly; njhopw;rhiynahd;iw epWTk;gb
Ntz;bdhu;. ,JNt ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; tpNrlkhd fg;gy; fl;Lk; KjyhtJ
njhopw;rhiyahf fUjg;gLfpwJ.
! cikahf;fs; mwGyfpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; fg;gy; fl;Lk; njhopwr
; hiyfis
www.nie.lk -129-
info@nie.lk
epWtpdu;. mtw;Ws; `p 54 ,y; vfpg;jpy; [jPuJy; nusyh vDkplj;jpy;

fl;lg;gl;l fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsk; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
! mg;gh]paUk; ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpYk; kj;jpa jiuf;fly; gpuNjrj;jpYk; fg;gw;

fl;Lk; epu;khzj; njhopypy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;. ghj;jpkpau; Ml;rpfhyj;jpy;
Guhjd fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsq;fs; mjpfkhf epWtg;gl;ld. vfpg;jpd; gy;NtW
gFjpfspYk; mit cUthf;fg;gl;ld. nfa;Nuh> jpk;kpahj;> ,];fe;jpupa;ahj;>
juhgy;]; Nghd;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ,lq;fshFk;. ];nga;dpy; cikahf;fs;
fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsq;fs; gytw;iw cUthf;fpdu;. ,jD}lhf ,];igdpa
flw;gil Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT gyk; ngw;wjha; tpsq;fpaJ. fyPgh mg;Ju;
u`;khd; eh]pu; (`p 300-350) fhyj;jpy; ,UE}w;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd fg;gy;fs;
fhzg;gl;ld. ,];nga;dpa flw; gilapd; jiytuhf m`;kj; ]pj;jpy;yp
gpurpj;jp ngw;wpUe;jhu;.
! ]yh`{jPd; ma;A+gp mtu;fs; rpYitg; Nghuhspfis vjpu;j;J epw;f ngUk;
flw;gilnahd;iw cUthf;fpdhd;. mwG K];ypk;fs; kj;jpa jiuf;flypy;
epu;khzpj;j fg;gy;fs; kpfg; gpukhz;lkhditfshf fhzg;gl;ld. nygdhd;
kiyfspypUe;J Rke;J tuf;$ba kug;gyiffspdhYk; MzpfspdhYk;
nra;ag;gl;litfshf mit fhzg;gl;ld. nrq;flypy;> ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpy;
gazpg; g jw; F tpNrlkhd fg; g y; f is epUkhzpj; j du; . mit kj; j pa
jiuf;flypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fg;gy;fistplg; gUkdpy; rpwpajhf ,Ue;jNjhL
mtw;iw epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd gyiffs; vfpg;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;ld. mtu;fs;
epuk
; hzpjj
; fg;gy;fs; 30 tiffistpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;jd. jq;fsJ Njitfs;
kw;Wk; gad;ghl;bw;F Vw;g mit tpj;jpahrkhd gUkd;fspy; mike;jNjhL
tpj;jpahrkhd ngau; nfhz;Lk; miof;fg;gl;ld. my; kp];j`; vd;W
miof; f g; g l; l fg; g Ny ,]; y hkpa flw; g il tuyhw; w py; kpfg;
gpukhz;lkhdjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
! xt;nthU Aj;jf; fg;gYf;Fk; xU jiytu; fhzg;gl;lhu;. flw;gil KOtjw;Fk;
topelhj;Jfpdw; jiytuhf fhzg;gl;ltu; mkPUy; g`;u; vd miof;fg;gl;lhu;.
me;jr; nrhy;ypypUe;J gpupe;J te;jjhf vl;kpuy; vd;w nrhy; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
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Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 5.1: K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyapd;
jdpj; J tj; i jAk; rpwg; g k; r q; f isAk; tpsf; F thu; .
ghlNtisfs; : 20
fw;wy; NgWfs;:
! K];ypk;fs; mofpaw; fiyfspy; <LgLtjw;F VJthf mike;j
fhuzpfis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyfs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! mofpaw; fiyfSf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fis
gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.
! K];ypk;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l mofpaw; fiyfspy; Vida
fyhrhuq;fspd; jhf;fq;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz;ghu;;.
! kdpj tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila midj;Jk; fiyfshFk;. ,f;fiyfis mofpaw;
fiy> mwptpaw; fiy vd ,uz; l hf Nehf; f yhk; . fiyQu; f spd;
moFzu;rr ; papD}lhf ntspgg ; Lfpdw
; fiyNa mofpaw; fiyahFk;.; kdpjdJ
cs; s j; j pw; F ,d; g j; i jAk; mikjpiaAk; toq; F k; gz; G mofpaw;
fiyf;Fz;L. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt fiyak;rk; nfhz;l gilg;Gf;fis
K];ypk;fs; cl;gl midj;J r%fq;fSk; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J te;Js;sdu;.
! ,];yhk; moifAk;> J}a;ikiaAk; tpUk;Gk; khu;f;fkhFk;. ,];yhk;
moFf;Fk; J}a;ikf;Fk; toq;fpa Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij NtW ve;j khu;f;fKk;
toq;ftpy;iy. ,];yhk; mofpaiy Md;kPf Nehf;fpy; Nehf;Ffpd;wJ. xU
egpj;Njhou; mofhd Mil ghjzpfs; mzptJ gw;wp egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;
Nfl; l NghJ “epr; r akhf my; y h`; mofhdtd; . moifNa mtd;
tpUk;Gfpwhd;.” (K];ypk;) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.
! my;Fu;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; mofpaiyg; ghuhl;bAs;sJ. moiff; Fwpf;f

‘`{];d>; [khy;> ]Pdj;’ Nghd;w nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJ. m`;]Dy;
mky; (mofpa nray;) ]g;Wd; [kPy; (mofpa nghWik)> FJ}]PdjFk;
(cq;fis myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;) Nghd;w gy trdq;fis my;Fu;Md;
ifahz;Ls;sJ.
! ,];yhk; $Wk; moFzu;r;rp njhl;Lzuf; $ba rlg;nghUl;fspy; kl;Lkd;wp

kdpj czu;Tfs;> gz;Gfs;> ciuahly;fs; ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;fs; Nghd;w
midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. kdpjdpd; moFzu;T ed;ik>
cz;ik> gad;ghL cilajhf ,Ug;gJld; kdpjid
ey;topg;gLj;jf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
! moFzu;T ,izitg;Gf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhjjhfTk; ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilf;
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Nfhl;ghLfSf;F Kuz;glhjjhfTk; ghtq;fis tpl;Lj; jLg;gjhfTk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt rpiy tbtj;jpy; rpw;gq;fis nrJf;Fjy;>
fhk czu;itj; J}z;lf;$ba cUtq;fis tiujy; Nghd;wtw;iw ,];yhk;
jil nra;Js;sJ.
fl;llf; fiy
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng cyfpy; fl;blf;

fiy Njhd;wp tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mNugpahtpy; mjd;
tsu;rr; p kpff; FiwthfNt ,Ue;jJ. mNugpaf; Fbkf;fspy; mjpfkhdtu;fs;
ehNlhbfshf tho;e;jjdhy; mtu;fSf;F epue;ju tPLfs; fhzg;gltpy;iy.
kpfr; rpyu; khj;jpuNk tPLfspy; epiyahf tho;e;jdu;. md;iwa Kf;fpa
fl;blq;fshf f/gh> jhUe; ej;th vDk; MNyhrid kz;lgk;> kjh,d;
]hyp`; Nghd;wd fhzg;gl;ld.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijj; njhlu;ej

; egp(]y;) mtu;fsJ `p[;uj;jpd; gpd;du;
kjPdhtpy; fl;ba k];[pJe; egtpNa Kjy; fl;blkhff; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,J $l fl;blf; fiy El;gq;fs; ,d;wp kpf vspikahfNt ,Ue;jJ.
kz;Rtiuf; nfhz;l jpwe;j ntspahfNt ,Ue;jJ> gpd;du; <r;Nrhiyfshy;
$iuaplg;gl;lJ.
! Fyghcu; uh\pjd P f; s; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhk; muG ehl;Lf;F ntspNa nrd;wjhy;

mq;Fs;s kf;fs; jkJ NjitfSf;Nfw;g k];[pj;fis epu;khzpj;Jf;
nfhz;ldu;. Fwpg;ghf cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; $gh> g]uh> G];jhj;
Nghd;w efu;fs; epuk
; hzpff ; g;gl;ljdhy; mq;F k];[pjf
; Sk; epuk
; hzpff
; g;gl;ld.
jsgjp cf;gh g]uhtpYk; jsgjp ]/j; ,g;D mgP tf;fh]; $ghtpYk;
jsgjp mk;u; ,g;D M]; G];jhj;jpYk; k];[pjf ; is mikj;jdu;. fl;blj;jpwF ; j;
Njitahd cWg;Gf;fs; NtW fl;blq;fspypUe;J ngwg; gl;ljdhy; gpuNjr
rpw;g Kiwfs; K];ypk;fspd; fl;blq;fspYk; gpujpgypf;f Muk;gpj;jd. ,Nj
Nghy; K];ypky;yhjtu;fspd; fl;blq;fs; tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fg;gl;L mit
k];[pj;fshf khw;wg;gl;ljdhy; gpwrkaj;jhupd; fiy mk;rq;fSk; mjpy;
Eioe;jd.
! ,];yhkpa fl;blf; fiy gy;NtW nry;thf;fpd; fPo; Njhw;wk; ngw;w NghjpYk;
Vida ehfupfq;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; jdf;NfAupa
rpwg;gk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,r;rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iff;
Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gpujpgypj;J tsu;r;rpAw;wJ. fl;blq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fspd; Njrpa kuig mbnahl;b ,];yhkpa fUj;Jf;fshy; mit
Gdu; e pu; k hzk; nra; a g; g l; b Ue; j d. ,j; j ifa khw; w q; f is k]; [ pj;
fl;llf;fiyapy; rpwg;ghff; fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;. k];[pj; fl;blf;fiyf;
$Wfshfg; gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
kpk;gu; kp`;uhg; kpdhuh
Fg;gh khltpy; `t;o;
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info@nie.lk
gpuNjrq; f isj; jOtpa fl; b lf; f iy tsu; r ; r p
vfpg; j pa> rpupa> Mgpupf; f fl; b lf; f iy
! K];ypk;fs; Mgpupf;f gpuNjrq;fis ntw;wp nfhz;l gpd; jkJ rka> epu;thf

NjitfSf;fhf mq;F fl;blq;fis epu;khzpj;jdu;. egpj;Njhou; mk;u; ,g;D
M]; (uop) mtu;fs; fp.gp.640 ,y; vfpg;ij ifg;gw;wpa NghJ mq;F ,];yhkpa
fl;blf;fiy tsu;rr ; paila Muk;gpj;jJ. jw;NghJ ifNuh efu; mike;Js;s
,lj;jpy; xU k];[pij epWtpdhu;. fp.gp. 634 ,y; ,k;k];[pj; epuk
; hzpff
; g;gl;lJ.
miu tl;l> Fjpiuyhl> $uhd khltpy;fis ,k;k];[pj; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
,g;gpuNjr fl;blf; fiy gpujpgypg;ghf gpd;tUk; fl;blq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
! fp. gp 685 -691 – Fg;gjJ]; ]/uh
fp.gp. 879 - m`kj; J}Y}d; k];[pj;
fp.gp. 670 - cf;gh gpd; ehgp/ epWtpa iùthd; k];[pj;
- ,khk; \hgpapd; fy;yiw kz;lgk;
];nga;d; fl;blf; fiy
! K];ypk;fs; fp.gp. 711 ,y; ];nga;idf; ifg;gw;wpaijj; njhlu;eJ

; rpupahitr;
Nru;e;j mNugpau; mq;F FbNawpdu;. mtu;fs; jkf;Fupa tPLfisAk;
k];[pj;fisAk; mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. Kjyhk; mg;Ju; u`;khd; fp.gp.
756,y; jdJ Ml;rpia Muk;gpj;jJ Kjy; fp.gp. 1492y; fpudlhtpy; e];iul;
Ml;rp tPo;r;rp milAk; tiuapyhd ];ngapd; fhyk; fl;blf; fiyapd;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f fhykhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNugpa> ];ghdpa fl;blf;fiyiaj;
jOtpa %up\;” fl;blf; fiy mq;F tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ];ngapd; fl;blf;
fiyapy; gpd;tUk; fl;blq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd.
! k];[pJd; Fu;Jgh :- 2k; mg;Ju; u`;khdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L 2k; `p\hkpdhy;

g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
! Kd;dpaj; my; U]hgh : 1k; mg;Ju; u`;khd;.
! my;`k;uh khspif : 1248,y; m`;ku; vd;gtu; ,k;khspifia epu;khzpj;jhu;.

,k;khspif 1314,y; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
! my;`k;uh khspif Nkw;fpd; jh[;k`hy; vd tu;zpff ; g;gLfpwJ. fpuhdhlhtpy;

ftu;rr
; pkpF kiyr;rhunyhd;wpy; gha;eN
; jhLk; mUtpnahd;wpw;fUfpy; ,aw;if
tdg;Gld; ,iae;jjhf ,J epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy;NtW $Wfisf;
nfhz;ljhfTk; ,J fhzg;gLfpwJ.
kj;jpa Mrpa> ghurPf> JUf;fpa> ,e;jpaf; fl;blf;fiy :
! ghurPfj;jpy; Njhd;wpa rpww

; uRfs; jkf;Fkj;jpapy; NghuplL
; f; nfhz;bUe;jjdhy;
mq;F tho;e;j gy;NtW Jiwf; fiyQu;fs; rpd;dhrpah> JUf;fp> ,e;jpah
Nghd;w gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; FbNawp tho;ej ; du;. ,jdhy; ,g;gpuNjrq;fisj;
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jOtp fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ghurPf fl;blq;fSs; gpd;tUk;

fl;blq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit.
! ,];g`hd; k];[pj; - fp.gp. 760 ,y; nry;[{f;fpa Ml;rpapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
! rPuh]; k];[pj; - fp.gp 875 ,y; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
! ghurpf k];[pjf
; spy; <thd;fs; tpuhe;ijfs; Fkpot
; bt Fk;kl;lq;fs; Rtu;fspy;
fz;zhb gjpj;jy; mug];fpa+ myq;fhuq;fs; rpwg;gplk; tfpj;jd.
fp.gp. 762 ,y; gf;jhjpy; fyPgh kd;]{u; tl;ltbtpyhd efu; xd;iw epuk
; hzpjj
; hu;.
,ijj; njhlu;e;J k];[pj;fSk;> khspiffSk; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,khk; mg+
`dPgh> mg;Ju; fhju; [Pyhdp> ,khk; mg+ a+]{g;> ,khk; `{i]d; MfpNahupd;
fy;yiwfSk; fiyj;jpwd; kpf;fjhff; fhzg;gl;ld. ]gtpau; fhyj;jpy;>
<uhdpy; fl;llf;fiy kpif tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.
! kj;jpa Mrpahtpy; rkidl; Ml;rpiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;j Ry;jhd; ,];khapy;

(fp.gp. 892-907) Fg;ghTld; $ba xU rkhjpia epWtpAs;shu;. nrq;fw;fshy;
,jd; myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. gu;`hdh efUf;F
fpof;Nf c];fz;l; vDkplj;jpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;s %d;W rkhjpfSk;
fiy tbtk; nfhz;lit. ,tw;wpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpdhuhf;fs; cauk;
nry;yr; nry;y rpwpjhfpr; nry;Yk; cUis tbtkhdJ.
! JUf;fpapy; fp.gp. 11k; E}w;whz;by; nry;[{f;fpau; fhyg; gFjpapy; ,];yhkpa

fl;blf; fiy kuGfs; mwpKfkhfpd. gs;sp thry;fs;> rkhjpfs;> khspiffs;>
Nfhl;ilfs;>kUe;Jtkidfs;> epidT kz;lgq;fs;> Fspayiwfs; vd;gd
fiyj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf epu;khzpf;fg;gl;ld. k];[pj;fspd; “cY}fkp k];[pj;”>
“myhTjPd; k];[pj;” vd;gdTk; kj;u]hf;fspy; “kj;u]h m\;\p`hk;”
fy;Y}upfspy; “]u; nry;yp” fy;Y}upAk; Kf;fpakhdit. JUf;fpau; jkJ
fl;blq;fis Vida ,];yhkpa ehLfspd; fl;blf;fiyg; gz;GfisAk;
Nru;j;J epu;khzpj;jdu;.
! ,];yhkpa fl;blf;fiy mk;rq;fspy; ,e;jpa fl;blf; fiy mk;rq;fs;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpy; K];ypk;fspd; Muk;g fl;blq;fs;
mopTfSf;Fl;gl;ld. ,d;W ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; kpfg; gioa fl;blk;
FJ}Gj;jPd; Igf; vd;gtu; epu;khzpj;j “Ft;tJy; ,];yhk;” gs;spthryhFk;.
mjd; Nkw;F Gwj;jpy; “<thd;” kz;lgk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gs;spthrYf;F
mUfhikapy; “FJg; kpdhu;” vDk; NfhGuk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J 288
mb caukhdJ. NkNy nry;yr; nry;y mstpYk; mikg;gpYk; rpwpjhfpr;
nry;fpwJ. cyfpy; cs;s mofpa fl;blq;fspy; xd;whf ,d;Dk; ,J fhl;rp
jUfpd;wJ.
! kq;Nfhypau; gf;jhijf; ifg;gw;wpa NghJ ghurpf mwpQu;fs; fiyQu;fs;>

mwpQu;fs;> njhopEl;gtpayhsu;fs; ,e;jpahtpYk; FbNawpajd; %yk;
,e;jpahtpy; fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. Jf;yf; Ml;rpapy; Nfhl;ilfs;>
khspiffs; rkhjpfs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ig&]; \h`; 10>000 Ngu; njhof;$ba
tprhykhd k];[pij mikj;jhu;.
www.nie.lk -134-
info@nie.lk
! ,e;jpaf; fl;blf; fiyapy; nkhfyhau; fhyk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ.

xt;nthU Ml;rpahsUk; k];[pj;fisAk;> khspiffisAk;> fy;Y}upfisAk;>
epidTr; rpd;dq;fisAk; mikj;jdu;. kd;dd; mf;gu; fl;blf;fiyia
fiyEl;gq;fNshL tsu;j;Js;shu;. Mf;uhtpypUe;J 26 iky; njhiytpy;
“gj;Gu; rpf;up” efuj;ij mikj;jhu;. jdJ je;ij `{kha+d; vd;gtUf;F
mikj;j rkhjp ryitf;fy; myq;fhuj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jJ.
! nkhfyhaupd; fl;blf;fiy tuyhw;wpy; \h[`hdpd; fhyk; kpfTk;

tsu;r;rpAw;wJ. ,tu; fl;ba k];[pj;fspy; “Nkhl;b k];[pj;|| “efPdh k];[pj;”
Gfo; kpff
; it. by;yp “[hkpah k];[pj”; kpfTk; fiy El;gj;Jld; fl;lg;gl;lJ.
khspiffspy; “jh[; k`hy;” ‘fy]; k`hy;’ vd;gdTk; Kf;fpakhdit.
\h[`hdpd; fl;blq;fSs; mtUf;F khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;jpahtpw;Nf Gfioj;
Njbf; nfhLj;jjhf jh[;k`hy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. jdJ kidtp Kk;jh[;
Qhgfhu;j;jkhf mikf;fg;gl;lJ. 22 tUlq;fs; 20000 gzpahl;fs; %yk;
,jd; gzpfs; g+u;j;jpahf;fg;gl;ld. ,d;Wk; cyf mjprpaq;fspy; xd;whf
,J fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nrq;Nfhl;il ,tuJ fl;blf; fiyapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWfpwJ.
,irf; fiy
! ,ir vd;gJ kdpjDf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhd xd;whFk;. ,];yhkpa ehfupf

tuyhw;wpy; Vida fiyfisg; Nghd;W ,irf; fiyAk; tsu;r;rp ngw;wJ.
egpfshupdJk; ]`hgf; f spdJk; fhyj; j py; ,irf; fiy ngupJk;
tsu;r;rpailahtpl;lhYk; cikah mg;gh]pa fhyq;fspYk; rpw;wuRfspd;
fhyq;fspYk; ,f;fiy tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.
! ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; ,ir gw;wp tpj;jpahrkhd fUj;Jf;fs;

epyTfpd;wd. rpyu; Kw;whf kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Dk; fUj;jpidAk; kw;Wk;
rpyu; rpy tiuaiwfSld; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w epiyg;ghl;ilAk;
nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
! ~~ftpQu;fis topNflu;fs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdu;|| (2:224) vDk; my;Fu;Md;

trdj;ijAk;> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; `jP]f
; shd ~~,irf; fUtpfs; i\j;jhdpd;
fUtpfs;|| ~~,irf; fUtpfs; cilj;njwptjw;Nf ehd; mDg;gg;gl;Nld;||
Nghd;w `jP];fisAk; ,ir $lhJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhff; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
! tiuaiwfSld; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf ~egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj; nrd;w NghJ kjPdj;J ngz;fs; rpyu; ~~jymy;
gj;U miydh|| ghb tuNtw;wijAk;>
! Fuy; eaj;jpw;fhf gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fis mjhd; $w epakpj;jijAk;
! xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; Xu; Mguzk; cz;L. my;Fu;Mdpd; Mguzk; mofpa

FuyhFk;.
! ~gdhj; ]{Mj;| vDk; ghliyg; ghba ftpQu; Riìy> egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; jdJ Nkdpg; Nghu;itiag; Nghu;jj
; p tuNtw;wy; Nghd;w tplaq;fisj;
jkJ fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf Kd;itf;fpd;wdu;.
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,khk;fshd \hgp< (u`;)> mg+`dPgh (u`;) Nghd;Nwhu; ,ir MFkhdjy;y

vdf; $ w ,khk; f]; ] hyp (u`; ) mtu; f s; rpy tiuaiwfSld;
mq;fPfupf;fpd;whu;. ,ir gw;wp ,khk; f];]hyp(u`;) mtu;fs; ~~m];]pkh||
vDk; ngaupy; xU jdp E}iy vOjpAs;shu;.
! ngUehs; jpdq;fs;> kq;fs itgtq;fs; Nghd;w Kf;fpa epfo;Tfspy; Fwpj;j

rpy ,irf;fUtpfNshL ,Ug;gJ mq;fPfupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
! tpurkw;w Mghrkpy;yhj ,];yhkpa czu;TfSf;F khWglhj> vspikahd>

,];yhkpa tzf;f topghLfSf;F ,ilQ;ryhf mikahj ,ir rpy
tiuaiwfNshL mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ mjpfkhd mwpQu;fspd;
fUj;jhFk;.
! ,ir mbg;gilapy; ùhkhFk;. tpjp tpyf;fhd rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;fpd;wdh; rpy etPd fhy mwpQu;fs;.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpwF; Kd;dNu mNugpahtpy; ,ir mwpKfkhfp ,Ue;jJ.

ke;ij Nka;f;fr; nry;Yk; ehNlhb mugpfs; ke;ijfis Nka;f;Fk; NghNj
ghly;fisg; ghb kfpor ; r
; paile;jdu;. efu;gG
; w mugpfSk; kf;fhtpy; xd;W$Lk;
,lq;fspy; ,irAld; ghl;Lg;ghb kfpo;e;jdu;. ,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G kf;fh
efupy; kJTk; khJTk;> ,irAk;> eldKk; xUq;Nf fpilj;jd. Mz;fSf;fhfg;
ghl;Lg;ghb ,ir toq;fp eldkhLk; ngz;fs; fhk czu;r;rpiaAk; Nru;j;J
toq;fpdu;. ,t;thW ,ir ,opthd epiyapy; ,Ue;jjhy; ed;kf;fs; mjid
ntWj;j NghjpYk;> mjid MjupfF ; k; $l;lKk; fzprkhf ,Uf;fNt nra;jdu;.
! mgP]Pdpah> vfpg;J> cNuhk> ghurpf gFjpapypUe;J ghlfu;fSk; ehl;ba

eq;iffSk; kf;fhTf;F tUif je;jdu;. ngUehs; jpdq;fspYk; jpUkz
itgtq;fspYk; ,irg; ghly;fs; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wd. ,irf;
fr;NrupfSk; elj;jg;gl;ld. [h`pypaa; h fhy ,irmikg;G xOf;f tPor
; r
; pfF
; k;>
ghtj;jpw;Fk; ,l;Lr; nry;yf; $bajhf ,Ue;jjdhy; ,];yhk; mjid
ntWj;jJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ~~ftpQu;fisg; gpd;gw;Wgtu;fs; top Nflu;fs;||
(26:224) vd my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpl;lJ. egp (]y;;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpYk;>
]`hghf;fspd; fhyj;jpYk; my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dhtpd; tho;Tf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;ljdhy; ,irapy; K];ypk;fs; Mu;tk; fhl;ltpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk;
gpd;te;j cikah> mg;gh]pa fhyq;fspy; Vw;gl;l Vida ehfupfq;fSldhd
njhlu; g pdhYk; > Ml; r pahsu; f spdJk; nghJ kf; f spdJk; Mlk; g u
Nkhfj;jpdhYk; ,irf;fiy K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fg; ngwj;
njhlq;fpaJ.
! cikahf;fs; Ml;rpapd; NghJ ,];yhkpa fpyhgj;jpd; vspikahd gz;Gfs;

gbg; g bahf eyptila Muk; g pj; j J. rpy cikah Ml; r pahsu; f Sk;
mjpfhupfSk; cau;ju tFg;gpdUk; Mlk;gu RfNghf tho;tpy; ehl;lk;
nfhs;s Muk;gpjj; du;. cNuhku;fspdJk; ghurPfu;fspdJk; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;J
gy gpuNjrq;fs; ,tu;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;jjdhy; mtu;fisj; jOtp
Ml;rpahsu;fs;> nghJkf;fs; gyUk; ,irg; gpupau;fshf khwptpl;ldu;. trjp
gilj;jtu;fs; ghlfpfis tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fp jj;jkJ tPLfspy; itj;Jf;
www.nie.lk -136-
info@nie.lk
nfhz;ldu;. ,jd; tpisthf cikahf;fsplk; ,irf;fiy nry;thf;Fg;

ngwyhapw;W. cikah fyPgh ,uz;lhk; a]Pj; ,U ,sk; ghlfpfis
itj;jpUe;jhu;. ]yhkh> `ghyh (]{y;yhkh> `{g;gh) vDk; ,t;tpU
ghlfpfSk; fyPghtplk; kpFe;j nry;thf;ifg; ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;.
! cikah muritapy; cNuhk> ghurPf ,irf; fiyQu;fs; tho;e;Js;sdu;.

,tu;fSs; ,g;D K`;up];> ,g;D [{iu[;> my; fuPo>; k/gj; Mfpa ehy;tUk;
Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;. cikah fhy ghlfpfSs; kjPdhitr; Nru;ej ; [kPyhTk;>
kf;fhtpy; tho;e;j m]hj; my; kh,yhTk; gpugy;ak; ngw;wtu;fs;.
! mg;gh]pa fhyj;jpy; ,irf;fiy kpf Ntfkhf tsu;rr ; paile;jJ. Ml;rpahsu;

toq; f pa MjuTk; > E}y; nkhop ngau; g ; G k; gy; e hl; L fiyQu; f s;
tuNtw;fg;gl;likAk; ,f;fiy tsu;r;rpaila fhuzkhfpad. mur rigapy;
,ir fiyQuhf ,Ue;j a`;ah my; kf;fp ,irf; fiy tsu;r;rpf;F
gq;fhw;wpdhu;. ~~fpjhGy; m/fhdp|| vDk; E}iy ,tu; vOjpdhu;. Rkhu; 3000
ghly;fis ,e;E}y; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
! ,g;wh`pk; my; nksrpyp Gfo;kpf;ftu;. ,tu; 900 ghly;fis ahj;Js;shu;.

,tu; ghlfpfisg; gapwW
; tpgg
; jw;fhd Xu; ,irf; fy;Y}upiaAk; epWtpapUe;jhu;.
! fyPgh `h&dpd; fhyj;jpy; Giy`; ,g;D mgpy; mt;uh> ,g;wh`pk; nksRyp>

,g;D [hkpy; Mfpa %tUk; ,ize;J fyPghit fz;zpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
100 ghly;fisj; njhFj;J ~~my;kpM m];]t;Jy; K/ouh|| vdg; ngaupll
; du;.
mg;gh]pa fyPghf;fshd k/%d;> th]pf;> Kjtf;fpy; Nghd;wtu;fSk; ,ir
fiy tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;G nra;jdu;.
! mg;gh]pau; fhyj;jpy; fpNuf;f ,ir E}y;fs; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;lJld;>

K];ypk; mwpQu;fs; ,irf; fiyf; Nfhl;ghLfis tpsf;Fk; tifapy; Rakhf
E}y;fisAk; vOjpdu;. mj;Jld; ,irf; fy;Y}upfis epWtpaJld; gy
,irf; fUtpfisAk; mwpKfk; nra;jdu;.
! K];ypk; ];nga;dpYk; ,irf; fiy tsu;rr ; p fz;lJ. ,];`hf; nks#tpapd;

khztu; ]pu;gh vd;gtu; nfhu;Nlhth nrd;W mq;F ,irf; fy;Y}up xd;iwAk;
mikj;J khztu;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp toq;fpdhu;. ];ngapd; Ml;rpahsu; K/
jkpj; ,irahu;tk; kpf;f xU fiyQuhf ,Ue;jjdhy; mtuJ Mjutpdhy;
,irf; fiy mq;F tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.
! ,irf; fiy tsu;r;rpf;F ,irf; fiyapy; <Lgl;Nlhu; khj;jpukd;wp Vida

mwptpaw; JiwfSf;Fg; gq;fspgG
; r; nrYj;jpatu;fSk; gq;fspgG
; r; nra;Js;sdu;.
,irf; fiyf; F g; gq; f spg; G r; nra; j mwpQu; f Ss; gpd; t UNthu;
Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;.
! a+D]; my; fhjpg; - ghurPfj;ij Nru;e;j ,tu; mwGg; ghly;fisj;; njhFj;j

Kjyhktu;.
! my; fyPy; - muG ahg;G ,yf;fzj;ij Kjd; Kjypy; xOq;FgLj;jpatu;.

,tu; Xir (]t;j;) yak; (rfhT) gw;wpAk; vOjpAs;shu;.
www.nie.lk -137-
info@nie.lk
! my; fpe;jp - jj;Jt mwpQuhd ,tu; ,irf; fiy gw;wp 12 fl;Liufis

vOjpAs;shu;. rq;fPjj;jpd; mbg;gil gw;wpAk; ,tu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
! ,g;D mg;J wg;gp`p - ,f;Jy; guPj; vDk; E}iy vOjpdhu;. ,jpy; ,irf;
fiy ty;Ydu;fspd; tuyhw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
! my; apuhgp - ,tuJ E}y; fpjhg; my; %spff

; h my; fgPu.; fpNuf;f vOj;jhsu;fs;
tpl;Ls;s Fiwfis ,jpy; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sdu;.
! my; ,];g`hd; - fpjhg; ~my; mfhdp| ,e;E}ypd; gpwg;G Kjy; ,wg;G tiu
kdpj tho;tpy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,d;gJd;gq;fSf;fhd ftpij Kiwfisf;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
! ,khk; f];]hyp - gpugy nka;Q;QhdpAk;> jj;Jt QhdpAkhd ,tu;> ,irf;

fiy ,];yhj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vd;W xJf;fptpl ,Ue;j Ntis> Md;kPf
eyDf;fhf ,iriag; gad;gLj;j KbtJ gw;wpAk; ,ir jUk; eyd;fis
gw;wpAk; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. ,ir gw;wp ,tu; vOjpa E}y;fSs; ~~fpjhG];
]kh|| vDk; E}y; Kf;fpakhdJ.
,irf; fUtpfs;
! cj; (UD) ahio xj;;j ,irf; fUtp. ,J jhd; mugpfsplk; Muk;gj;jpy;

mwpKfkhfpapUe;jJ. gpd;du; ,J tsu;r;rpaile;J> gioa fUtp ~cj;
fjPk;| vd;Wk; gpd;du; tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ~cj; fhgpy;| vd;Wkiof;fg;gl;lJ.
! kp]k; hu; (mizmar) %q;fpypdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Gy;yhq;Foiy xj;jJ. ~]{dkp|

vd;gtu; fz;Lgpj;j fUtp ]pdkp vdg;gl;lJ. ,JTk; Gy;yhq;Foiy xj;jJ.
! jg; (Duff) - egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpYk; ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J

ughid xj;jjhFk;.
! jg;y; (tabl) - ,J jg;iy xj;jjhFk;.
mwG vOj;jzpf; fiy
! ,];yhkpa \uPMit mbnahl;b tsu;e;j fiyfspy; gpujhd ,lj;ij

mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy tfpf;fpd;wJ. mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy tbtkhfTk;
ftu;rr
; pahfTk;> Xtpa mk;rq;fNshL tbj;Jf; fhl;LtjhfTk; mike;Js;sJ.
! mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy tsu;rr ; p fhz;gjw;F gy fhuzq;fs; toptFj;Js;sd.

,];yhk; gy nja;tf; Nfhl;ghl;il jil nra;Js;sjdhy; njs`PJf;F
Kuzhd Xtpak;> rpw;gk; vd;gtw;iw jil nra;jjhy; ,t;thwhd Mu;tKs;s
fiyAzu;r;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jk; xU fiyahf mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy
tsu;r;rpAw;wJ.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;Nd mwG vOj;Jf;fs; ~~yfikl;]|; | Ml;rpapy;

`puhtpy; md;ghu; vDk; ,lj;jpy; mwpKfkhfp ,Ue;jJ. ,jid ~Kuhkpu;|
vd;gtu; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu; vdf;$Wtu;. ,t;ntOj;Jf;fis
www.nie.lk -138-
info@nie.lk
Fiw\pj;jiytu;fspy; xUtuhd ù;g; ,g;D cikah vd;gtu; kf;fhtpy;

mwpKfk; nra;jjhf ,g;D fy;J}d; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;G mNugpahtpy; ,f;fiy ngupa mstpy;

tsu;r;rp mile;J ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt md;iwa r%fj;ij
~~ck;kpa;A+d;|| vOj thrpf;fj; njupahjtu;fs; vd mioj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;
,];yhj;jpd; tsu;rr; papd; gpd; mwG vOj;jzpff
; iy gbg;gbahf tsu;rr
; paila
Muk;gpj;jJ. ,t;thwhd tsu;r;rp miltjw;F gy fhuzq;fs; toptFj;jd.
! my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dhtpy; J}z;Ljy;. ~~E}d; - vOJ Nfhypd; kPJk;

mjidf; nfhz;L mtu;fs; vOjpatw;wpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf|| (68:1)
~~thrpg; g P u hf! vOJNfhiyf; nfhz; L fw; g pj; j ckJ ,iwtd;

fz;zpakhdtd;|| (96:3>4)
~~ mofpa vOj;Jf;fspy; vOJq;fs;. mJ cq;fSf;Fg; gufj;ijj; jUk;||

(my; `jP];)
~~ ey;y vOj;ij Kad;W mile;J nfhs;tJ cq;fs; flikahFk;. Vnddpy;

,JNt cq;fsJ rPtNdhghaj;jpd; jpwTNfhyhFk;|| (my; `jP];)
! my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis mofhf vOJtij xU gufj;Jf;Fupa njhopyhff;

fUjp rpyu; my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis mofhf vOj Kaw;rpj;jik
! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Fj;jhGy; t`pfis epakpf;Fk; NghJ mofhd vOj;jpy;

vOjf; $batu;fSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gl;lik.
! ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;du; rpwg

; k;> rpiy tbj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj;
njhopyhff; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy; jkJ
nghUshjhu eltbf;ifia ,oe;jjdhy; mtu;fSf;F khw;wPlhf muG
vOj;jzpf;fiy mike;jik.
! Ml;rpahsu;fSk; mjpfhupfSk; toq;fpa MjuTk;> ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;a

tpupthf;fKk;.
! mwG vOj;Jf;fspd; ,ay;ghd Nghf;F. mwG vOj;Jf;fs; tisj;J> neope;J

nfhLf;Fk; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLtjhy; mwG vOj;Jf;fiy
tsu;r;rpailtjw;F VJthf mike;jik.
vOj; j zp tsu; r ; r p
! egp (]y;) mtu;fspdJk;> Fyghcu; uh\pjPd;fspdJk; fhyj;jpy; mwG

vOj;Jf;fs; mwpKfkhfp ,Ue;jhYk; ngupastpy; vOj;J tbtq;fs;
tsu;rr
; paile;jpUf;ftpy;iy. md;iwa my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis vOJtjw;F
Kjypy; mjpfkhf $gp vOj;J tbtk;jhd; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; e];fp
KiwAk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
www.nie.lk -139-
info@nie.lk
! cikahf;fs; fhyj;jpy; mwG nkhop mur nkhopahf

gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;ljdhy; mwG my;yjtu;fSk; mwG vOj;jzpf; fiyapy;
Mu;tk; nrYj;jpdu;. Fwpg;ghf ghurPfu;fs; ,jpy; Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;.
! cikahf;fhy fiyQuhd cj;Jah ,g;D cigJy;yh`; $gp vOj;jikg;gpy;

ehd;F ghzpfis mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. fhypj; ,g;D `[;[h[; vDk; fiyQUk;
,jd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F cioj;jhu;. k];[pJd; egtpapd; jq;f vOj;jpy;
my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis ,tu; nghwpj;Js;shu;.
! mg;gh]pa fhyj;jpy; mwngOj;jzpf;fiy kpf Ntfkhf tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.

,f;fiyapd; tsu;rr ; pfF
; ~,];`hf; gpd; `k;khj;|> mtu; rNfhjud; ~t`;`hg;|
kw;Wk; ~,g;wh`pk;| Nghd;wtu;fs; gq;fspg;G nrYj;jpdu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; Gjpa
vOj;J tbtq;fs; Njhd;wpd. ~myp ,g;D cigjh mu;iw`hdp| vd;gtu;
~iw`hdp| vOj;J tbtj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. ~mg;Jy;yh`; my; `]d;>
,g;D gt;thg;| Nghd;Nwhu; ,f;fhyj;jpy; mwngOj;jzp tsu;rr ; pfF
; gq;fhw;wpdu;.
! mg;gh]pa Ml;rpiaj; njhlu;e;J Njhd;wpa rpw;wuRfSk; vOj;jzpf;fiy

tsu;rr
; pfF
; g; gq;fhw;wpdu;. JUf;fpa kd;du;fshy; Ry;jhd; ]hyp`>; Riykhd;>
Kuhj; MfpNahu; ,jd; tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fhw;wpdu;. rpupah> <uhf; fiyQu;fs;
tutiof;fg;gl;L mtu;fspd; xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;.
! ,e;jpahtpy; Kfyha Ml;rpfhyj;jpy; vOj;jzpff ; iy tsu;rr

; p fz;lJ. kd;du;
ghgu;> ~~`j;J ghg+up|| vDk; vOj;J tbtj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. kd;du;
mf;gupd; fhyj;jpy; vl;L tifahd vOj;J tbtq;fs; mwpKfkhfpapUe;jd.
kd;du; mt;ud;f]Pg; rpj;jpu> rpw;gf;fiyia ntWj;j NghjpYk; mwngOj;Jf;
fiyapid Mjupjj ; hu;. mjd; tsu;rr; pfF
; jd;dhyhd gq;fspgi ; g toq;fpdhu;.
,tu; jdJ nrhe;jf; fuj;jpdhy; my;Fu;Mid gpujpgz;zp tpw;wjhf tuyhW
$WfpwJ.
! ,t;thwhd mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; gy fl;lq;fisj;

jhz;b tsu;r;rp fz;L ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfTk; nry;thf;Fg;
ngw;w xU Jiwahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Kf;fpa fiyfyhrhu Nghl;b
epfo;r;rpfspy; Xu; mq;fkhfTk; mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mwG vOj;jzp tiffs; :
1. $gp
! mwG vOj;J tbtq;fspy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpa vOj;J tbtkhf ,J

fhzg;gLfpwJ. capu;f;FwpfNsh> xw;iw ,ul;ilg; Gs;spfNsh ,y;yhj
,t;ntOj;J tbtk; thrpg;gjw;F rw;Wr; rpukkhdjhFk;. ,J vl;L tifahd
gpupTfisAilaJ. Neu;f;NfhLfs;> Nfhzq;fs; vd;gtw;iw nfhz;lJ.
cikah> mg;gh]pa fhy K];`g;fs;> khu;ff ; E}y;fs; ,t;ntOj;J tbtpNyNa
vOjg;gl;ld.
www.nie.lk -140-
info@nie.lk
2. e];F :
! ,it tl;l vOj;Jf;fs;. Gs;spfisAk; capu;f;FwpfisAk; nfhz;lit.

,yFthf thrpff ; KbAkhdit. fp.gp 7k; E}w;whz;by; mg;Jy;yh`; vd;gtuhy;
,J mwpKfg; g Lj; j g; g l; l J. ,t; n tOj; J eil %d; w pnyhU gq; F
Neu;NfhLfisf; nfhz;lJ. ,it jbg;gw;w vOj;Jf;fs;. ,t;ntOj;J eil
gutyhf mjpfkhdtu;fshy; cgNahfpff ; g;gLfpwJ. gpwg
; l;l fhy K];`g;fs;>
khu;f;f E}y;fs;> ehzaq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
3. m];]{Y];
! ,t;ntOj;jikg;G cikahf;fs; fhyj;jpNyNa mwpKfkhfpaJ. ,J jbj;j

mikg;igf; nfhz;lJ. Kf;Nfhz tbTilaJ. ,t;ntOj;J eilapy; %d;wpy;
xU gFjp Neu; NfhLfisf; nfhz;lJ. myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghLfSf;F
gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l J. fl; L iufSf; F j; jiyg; G > cg jiyg; G fSf; F
,t;ntOj;jikg;Ng gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
4. mg;gh]pa fhyj;jpy; JUf;fpa <uhdpa nry;thf;fpd; fhuzkhf gy vOj;J

tbtq;fs; mwpKfkhapd. ,t;thW mwpKfkhd vOj;J tbtq;fspy; xd;whf
~mu;iu`hdp| Kiw fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jid fyPgh k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy;
myp gpd; cigjh mu;iu`hdp vd;gtu; mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. ,J jbg;gw;w
nky;ypa vOj;Jf;fs;. fl;Liuapd; cs;slf;fj;ij vOj ,t;ntOj;J
eiliaf; ifahz;ldu;.
5. my; K`f;fpf; :
! ,t;ntOj;J Kiwia <uhidr; Nru;e;j mGy; `]d; vd;gtu; mwpKfk;

nra;jhu;. ,t;ntOj;J eilapy; ehd;fpy; xU gFjp tisNfhLfisAk;
vQ;rpa gFjp Neu; NfhLfisAk; nfhz;lJ. ,it jbj;j mofhd vOj;Jf;fs;.
mur Mtzq;fs; ,t;ntOj;J tbtpNy vOjg;gl;ld.
6. jt;fp :
! tis NfhLfisf; nfhz;l jbj;j vOj;J tbtNk ,JthFk;. ,t;ntOj;J

eilapy; ehd;fpy; %d;W gq;F tisNfhLfisf; nfhz;lit. mur
epUgq;fspd; jiyg;Gf;fis vOj ,k;Kiwia gad;gLj;jpdu;.
7. mu;upfh :
! ,t;ntOj;J eilapy; ehd;fpd; %d;W gFjp gq;F tisNfhLfisf; nfhz;lJ.

jt;fp vOj;Jf;fis tpl rpwpaJ. jbg;gw;w mofhd vOj;Jf;fshFk;.
8. e];jypf; :
! myp gpd; jg;uP]; vd;gtu; ,jid mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. ,k;Kiw e];fp

vOj;J Kiwapd; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;like;jJ. mj;Jld; nlypf; vOj;J
KiwiaAk; jOtpajhf fhzg;gl;lJ.
www.nie.lk -141-
info@nie.lk
9. jPthdp :
! c];khdpa fhyg;gpuptpy; ,k;Kiw mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mur fUk

cgNahfj;jpw;F ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cau;e;j gy topKiwfis ,J
nfhz;bUe;jjhy; ,yFthf thrpg;gjw;Fr; rw;Wf; fbdkhdJ.
10. k/upg; :
! ];ngapdpy; mwpKfkhd vOj;J tbtkhFk;. $gp vOj;ij jOtpajhf ,J

fhzg;gl;lJ.
120 cg gpupTfis nfhz;L vOj;J tbtq;fs; tsu;rr ; paile;jhYk; ,d;Wtiu

rpy vOj;J tbtq;fs; khj;jpuNk vQ;rpapUf;fpd;wd. mtw;Ws; ~my;$gp>
me;e];fp> m];]{Y];> mu;upfh> mj;jPthdp> my; ghup]p| Mfpa 6 gupTfs;
khj;jpuNk ,d;Wtiu ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
! Kuggh - ,J INuhg;gpauplk; fpjhg; vDk; ngaupy; mwpKfkhfpaJ.
www.nie.lk -142-
info@nie.lk

Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 5.2 : ,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs;
vt;thW ,Ue;jd vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;
ghlNtisfs; : 14
fw;wy; NgWfs; : ! K];ypk;fs; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;F
VJthf mike;j fhuzpfis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
""! K];ypk;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp

eltbf;iffs;; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
""! K];ypk;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp

eltbf;iffisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jthu

efu; epu; k hdk;
! mwG K];ypk;fs; gy efu;fis epu;khzpj;Js;sdu;. mtu;fs; xU ehl;il

ntw;wp nfhz;lJk; Muk;gkhf jiyefUf;fhd xU ,lj;ijj; njupT
nra;thu;fs;. mq;F gs;spthry;> epu;thfg; gzpkidfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd
tiuglj; i jj; jahupj; J f; nfhs; t hu; f s; . mtw; i wr; #o xt; n thU
Nfhj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; xU gFjpia xJf;fp tpLthu;fs;. mJ my; fjPM vdg;gLk;.
xt;nthU fjPMtpwF ; k; k];[pj>; re;ij> tho;tjw;fhd ,Ug;gplq;fs; vd;gtw;iw
epu;khzpg;gu;. mwG K];ypk;fs; epu;khzpj;j efu;fs; gy cz;L. mtw;Ws;
1. g]uh
]/j; ,g;D mgP tf;fh]; (uop) mtu;fs; iùh gpuNjrj;ij ntw;wp

nfhz;lJk; epu;khzpj;j efuhf g]uh fhzg;gLfpwJ.
2. $gh
g]uhtpw;Fg; gpd;du; $gh `p[;up 17 ,y; efuhf epu;khzk; ngw;wJ.

g]uhtpw;Fk; $ghtpw;Fk; ,ilapy; `p[;up 83 ,y; `[;[h[; ,g;D a+]{g;
,d;ndhU efiu epu;khzpj;jhu;.
3. G];jhj;
mk;upg;D M]; (uop) mtu;fs; `p[;up 20 ,y; vfpg;ij ntw;wp nfhz;lJk;

epu;khzpj;j efuhFk;.
4. ifuthd;
www.nie.lk -143-
info@nie.lk
mfgj; ,g;D ehgp/ `p[;up 50 ,y; ,jid epu;khzpj;jhu;. efupd; kj;jpapy;

[{k;M k];[pJk;> epu;thfg; gzpkidAk; njhlu;e;J gilazpapdu;fSf;fhd
tPLfSk; mq;F epu;khzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
4. Fu;Jgh
! cikahf;fspd; ,];nga;d; jiyefukhf Fu;Jgh fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;Ju;

u`;khd; jhfpy; gpugy;akhd xU k];[pij mq;F epu;khzpj;jhu;. NkYk; 28
,w; F k; mjpfkhd khspiffs; mq; F epu; k hzpf; f g; g l; b Ue; j d.
mg; g puNjrj; j pw; F j; Njitahd eP u ; #o ,Ue; j kiyfspy; ,Ue; J
vLj; J tug; g l; l J. 300 ,w; F k; mjpfkhd Fspasiwfs; mq; F
epu;khzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. me;efupy; mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gl;l ghlrhiyfs;>
gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> E}yfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzj;jpdhy; mJ [t;ùJy;
Myk; (cyfpd; ,uj;jpdk;) vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ. me;efuk; mjd;
gpukhz;lj;jhy; gq;jhj; efiu xj;jpUe;jJ. mjw;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy mg;Ju;
u`;khd; eh]pu; ]`;uh vd;w ,uhrjhzp efiu `p[u; p 325 ,y; epuk
; hzpjj
; hu;.
5. gf;jhj;
kjPdJ]; ]yhk; vd ,J miof;fg;gl;lJ. `p[;up 145 ,y; mg+ [/gu; my;

kd;]_u; ijfpuP]; ejpf; fiuapy; ,jid epu;khzpj;jhu;. fpyhgj; epu;thf
efuhf mJ mike;jpUe;jJ.
6. nfa;Nuh
G];jhJf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy [t;ù; m];]pfpy;yp `p[;up 358 ,y; ,jid

epu;khzpf;f Muk;gpj;jhu;. `p[;up 362 ,y; ghjpkpfs; mq;F nrd;w NghJ
fyPgh K,];]pw;F gpukhz;lkhd xU khspif mq;F epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
[hkpcy; m];Ùk; mq;F epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
! Nfhl; i lfs;
! mwG K];ypk;fs; ehLfis ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gpd;du; mq;F Nfhl;ilfis

epu;khzpj;jdu;. Fwpg;ghf \hk;> <uhf;> njd;dhgpupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfisf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. mq;F nrd;w mtu;fs; Mlk;gukhf gfl;L tho;f;if tho
Muk;gpj;jdu;. Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; fhyj;jpy; `p[h]py; ,uz;L my;yJ
%d;W khbfs; nfhz;l khspiffs; fhzg;gl;ld. \hk; ehl;by; KjyhtJ
Nfhl;il epu;khzpj;jtuhf KMtpah (uop) mtu;fs; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. mtu;
fl;ba Nfhl;il gRikf; Nfhl;il vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; mJ jhUy;
,khuh vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. cikaf; fhy fyPghf;fs; njhlu;e;J mjidg;
gad;gLj;jp te;jdu;. ghjpkpa;a Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; mf;Nfhl;il
jP %l; b vupf; f g; g l; l J. fp.gp. 1749 ,y; mf; N fhl; i lapd; xU gFjp
Gdu;epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L ,d;W tiu jpkp\;fpd; ghuk;gupa E}jdrhiyahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
! \hk; Njrj;jpy; gy;fh gpuNjrj;jpd; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l Guhjd ,];yhka

,];yhkpa rpd;dq;fspy; Kf;fpakhdJ f];Uy; K\;jhf; Nfhl;ilahFk;.
www.nie.lk -144-
info@nie.lk
gy;NtWgl;l gspqF
; f; fw;fshYk; Ntiyg;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;l ,f;Nfhl;ilapy;
kpUfq;fspd;> gwitfspd; kw;Wk; kdpj cUtq;fs; mg;gspq;Ffspy;
fhzg;gLtJ rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.
! fyPgh tyPj; ,g;D mg;Jy; kypf;fpdhy; N[hu;jhdpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l Fi]u;

`k;uh vd;w Nfhl;ilapd; Rtu;fs; njhy;nghUs; Ma;tpd; NghJ fp.gp 1898
,y; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw cikahf; fhyj;jpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l
Nfhl;ilfs; Fj;]pYk; - gy];jdP py; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. nghJthf cikahf;
fhyf; Nfhl;ilfs; Vwj;jhs xd;iw xd;W xj;j Njhw;wj;jpNyNa fhzg;gl;ld.
mtw;iwr; #o Ntypfs;> cs;Ns ngupa tpuhe;ijfisAk;
nfhz;like;jpUe;jd. ngUk;ghYk; mit xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L khbfisf;
nfhz;like;jd. mf;Nfhl;ilfisr; #o ntspNa fhzg;gl;l NtypfNs
mtw;Wf;Fg; ghJfhg;G muz;fshf ,Ue;jd. mit mike;jpUe;j gpuNjrk;
ghJfhg;ghdjhfTk; #o tho;e;Njhu; cikahf;fspd; Mjuthsu;fshf
,Ue; j ikapdhy; ghupa msT ghJfhg; G muz; f s; mikg; g jw; F
mtrpag;gltpy;iy.
! mg; g h]pa fhyf; Nfhl; i lfisg; nghWj; j kl; b y; mit kpfTk;

ngupaitfshfTk; gy khbfisf; nfhz;like;jdthfTk; mike;jd.
ngupa Njhl;lj;jpd; eLNt ku epoy;fs; #o mit mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
Fg;gh mf;Nfhl;ilfspd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;;. gf;jhjpd; kj;jpapNy mg+ [/gu;
my; kd;]{u; fl;ba f];Uj; jfg; (jq;f khspif) kw;Wk; Nkw;F a+g;uB];
ejpf;fiuapy; fl;lg;gl;l f];Uy; `{y;j; kw;Wk; thrpf;> ]hkpu;uh efupy;
fl;ba f];Uy; `h&dp Nfhl;ilfs; gpugy;akhditfshFk;. ];ngapdpy;
cikahf;fs; epu;khzpj;j Nfhl;ilfs; fpof;fpy; mg;gh]pa Nfhl;ilfistpl
ve;j tifapYk; mofpYk; ftu;r;rpapYk; Fiwe;jitfs; my;y. ];ngapdpy;
Fu;Jgh efuk; gpukhz;lf; Nfhl;ilfSf;Fg; gpurpj;jp ngw;wdthapUe;jJ.
eh]pu; ];ngapdpy; jhUy; uToh vd;w gpukhz;lkhd Nfhl;ilnahd;iw
epu;khzpj;jhu;. my; `k;uh Nfhl;il moFf;Fk; ftu;r;rpf;Fk; cyfg; Gfo;
ngw;wjhFk;. mjd; gpukhz;lkhd thry;fs;> fWg;G thry;> ePjpfhz; thry;
Nghd;witfs; mf;Nfhl;ilapd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.
! ghjpkpf;fs; nfa;NuhtpNy my; f];U]; \u;fpia epu;khzpj;jdu;. jdJ

jiytu; my; K,]; ypjPdpy;yhit tuNtw;gjw;fhf [/gUr; rpjpy;yp mjid
epu;khzpj;jhu;. <uhdpy; rgtpa;aPd;fs; epu;khzpj;j Nfhl;ilfs; kpfTk;
tprhykhditfshf ,Ue;jd. mtw;Ws; f];u; ]`;y; ]pjJ ; }d;> f];u; Mdpah
`hdh Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitfshFk;. ngUk;ghyhd Nfhl;ilfs; k];[pj;fs;
fhzg;gl;ld. gy epwq;fs; nfhz;l gspqF ; f; fw;fs; gjpff
; g;gl;l Fspayiwfs;
fhzg;gl;ld.
www.nie.lk -145-
info@nie.lk

Nju; r ; r p kl; l k; 5.3 : ,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; gy;NtW rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;
Njhd; W tjw; f hd fhuzj; i jAk; mtw; w pd; rhjf
ghjfq; f isAk; xg; G Nehf; F thu;
ghlNtisfs; : 14
fw;wy; NgWfs; :
! K];ypk;fspilNa rpe;jidg; gpupTfs; Njhw;wk; ngWtjw;F topNfhypa
fhuzpfis ,dq;fz;L tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
! K];ypkf ; spilNa Njhw;wk;ngw;w rpej ; idg;gpupTfspd; jhf;fk; gw;wp tpsf;fpf;
$Wthu;.
! K]; y pk; f spy; Njhd; w pa rpe; j idg; gpupTfspilNa fhzg; g l; l
NtWghLfis ,dq;fz;L gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.
! K]; y pk; f spilNa Njhw; w k; n gw; w rpe; j idg; g pupTfspy; Vw; g l; l gpw
fyhrhuq;fspd; jhf;fq;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz;ghu;.
! m`;Y]; ]{d;dh ty; [khM topKiwia mwpe;J mjid tho;tpy;
vLj;J elg;ghu;.

K/j]pyhf; f s;
! K/j]pyh vd;gjd; nkhopff ; Uj;J gpupeJ

; nrd;wtu;fs; vd;gjhFk;. ,];yhkpa
kugpy; “mfPjh rhu;ej
; tplaq;fisg; gFj;jwpT uPjpahf rpe;jpj;jjdhy; vOe;j
fUj;J NtWghL fhuzkhfg; ngUk;ghd;ik K];;ypk; r%fj;ij tpl;Lk;
gpupe;J nrd;w xU jj;Jt ,af;fk”; K/j]pyh vd mwpag;gLfpwJ.
Njhw; w k;
! ,khk; `]Dy; g]up(u`;) g]uhg; gs;sp thrypy; ,];yhkpa tFg;Gf;fis

elhj;jpf; nfhzpbUe;j NghJ mtu;fsJ khztu;fspy; xUtdhapUe;j th]py;
gpd; mjhtpdhNyNa ,t;tpaf;fk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,khk; mtu;fSld;
ngUk; ghtk; nra;jtdpd; epiyg;ghL gw;wpj; ju;f;fpj;J Kuz;ghL nfhz;l
th]py;> mtd; Fg;Uf;Fk; <khDf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Uf;fpwhd; vdf;$wp ,khk;
mtu;fsJ rigapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr; nrd;whd;. mg;NghJ ,khktu;fs; mtu;
vq;fisg; gpupe;J nrd;whu; vd;W $wpdhu;. ,e;epfo;itj; njhlu;e;J ,tu;fs;
K/j]pyhf;fs;(gpupe;J nrd;wtu;fs;) vd tuyhw;wpy; milahsg;gLj;jg;
gLfpd;wdu;.
! ,khik tpl;Lg; gpupe;j th]py; gFj;jwpT uPjpahfr; rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fp

jdJ fUj;Jf;Fr; rhu;ghf khztu;fisj; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;. mtu;fsJ
nraw;ghl;lhy; ,t;tpaf;fk; NkYk; tsu;r;rp ngw;wJ.
www.nie.lk -146-
info@nie.lk
! my;Fu;Md; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ ,tu;fsJ gpujhd nfhs;iffspy;

xd;whFk;. my;yh`;tpd; jhj; ]pghj; gw;wpa tplaj;jpYk; ,tu;fs; Kuz;gl;l
rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. kdpjd; G+uz nraw; Rje;jpuk; kpf;ftd;
vdg; gFjjwpT uPjpahf tpsf;fpdu;. kWikapy; my;yh`;itf; fhz KbahJ
vdTk; ngUk; ghtk; nra;jtu;fs; epuhfupg;Gf;Fk;; tpRthrj;Jf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wdu; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.
K/j]pyhf; f spd; mfP j h
! njhlf;fj;jpy; ngUk; ghtk; nra;jtdpd; tplaj;jpy; Kuz;gl;l K/

j]pyhf;fs;> gpd;du; NtW gy tplaq;fspYk; Kuz;gl;ldu;. mjdhy;
mtu;fsplk; gy ek;gpf;iffs; cUthfpd. mtw;Ws; Ie;J mbg;gilfs;
kpf Kf;fpakhdit. mtw;;iwg; nghJthf midj;;J K/j]pyhf;fSk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mit tUkhW.
1. jt;`Pj;: ,tu;fsplj;jpy; jt;`Pj; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; jhj;Jk; ]pgj;Jk;

xd;Nw vd;gjhFk;. ,it ,uz;ilAk; gpupjJ ; jdpahf Nehf;fpdhy; ,iwtdpd;
xUikj; jd; i k eP q ; f p tpLk; vd; f pd; w du; . ,tu; f s; my; y h`; i t
vjpu;kiwapNyNa tu;zpg;ghu;fs;. cjhuzkhf. mtd; ePskhdtDky;y.
mfykhdtDky;y. epwKilatDky;y. RitAilatDky;y.
kzKilatDky;y. ntg;gkhdtDky;y. FspuhdtDky;y….
2. ePjp: ,jd; %yk; ,tu;;fs; ehLtJ. kdpju;fsJ nraw;ghLfs; midj;Jk;

mtu;fshfNt nra;J nfhs;tJjhd;. mtu;fsJ ve;j nraw;ghl;bYk;
my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lj;jpw;F ve;jg;gq;Fk; fpilahJ. mJ ed;ikahapDk;
rup jPikahapDk; rupNa. xUtdJ jPanraw;ghl;Lf;F my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lk;
fhuzkhf ,Ug;gpd; mJ ePjpf;F KuzhdJ vd;gJ ,tu;fsJ thjkhFk;;
3. ,U epiyfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l epiy: cyfpy; ngUk; ghtk; nra;gtd;

vt;tpjj;jpYk; K/kpd; vd;W miof;fg;gl KbahJ. mtd; K/kpDf;Fk;
fhgpUf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Ug;ghd;. mtd; jt;gh nra;jhy; <khdpd;
gf;fk; kPs;thd;. jt;ghr; nra;ahj epiyapy; kuzpj;jhy; eufpy; epue;jukhfj;
jq;Fthd;.
4. thf;FWjpAk; jz;;lidAk;: ,jd; %yk; ,tu;fs; ek;GtJ. K/kpd;

jt;gh nra;jtdhfTk; fl;Lg;gl;ltdhfTk; cyif tpl;Lr; nrd;why;
gpujpgyd;fSf;Fk; ed;ikfSf;Fk; cupj;Jilatdhthd;. jhd; nra;j ngUk;
ghtj; J f; f hf jt; g h nra; a hj epiyapy; kuzpj; j hy; mtd; eufpy;
epue;jukhfhfj; jq;Fthd;. vdpDk; mtDf;Fupa jz;lid fhgpUf;Fupa
jz;lidia tplf; Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. kWikapy; ghtpfSf;Fj;
jz; l id toq; f g; g lhky; kd; d pg; G toq; f g; g Lk; vd; w $w; w hdJ
my;yh`;Tila jz;lidia mu;jkw;wjhf;fp tpLfpwJ. ,e;jf; nfhs;ifapd;
fhuzkhfNt K/j]pyhf;fs; kWikapy; \ghmj; %ykhfg; ghtpfs; gad;
ngWtij epuhfupf;fpd;wdu;.
www.nie.lk -147-
info@nie.lk
5. ed; i kia Vtpj; jP i kiaj; jLj; j y; : ehtpdhNyh ifapdhNyh

MAjj;jpdhNyh rf;jp ngWk; NghJ mjw;Nfw;g ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj;
jLg;gJ midtu; kPjpdJk; flikahdjhFk;
,it my; y hj ,d; ; D k; gy ek; g pf; i ffSk; K/j]pyhf; f splk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; rpy mtu;;fsplk; fUj;JNtWghlhdit. ,d;Dk;
rpy fUj;njhw;Wikahdit. mit tUkhW
1. kWikapy; vtUf;Fk; my;yh`;;itf; fhz KbahJ
2. my;Fu;;Md; gilf;fg;gl;lJ
3. my;yh`; mu;\py; mku;e;Js;shd; vd;gij kWj;jy;
4. ngUk; ghtk; nra;j vtUf;Fk; egpatu;fspd; \ghmj;ij ngwKbahJ.
5. mt;ypahf;fspd; fuhkj;ij kWj;jy;
K/j]pyhf; f spd; cl; g pupTfs;
gFj;jwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l K/j]pyhf;fs; jkf;Fs;Sk; fUj;J

NtWghLgl;L <khd; rhu;e;j tplaq;fspy; gy cl;gpupTfshfg; gpupe;jdu;.
mtw;Ws; rpy
1. th]pypa;ah 2. `_ijypa;ah
3. epyhkpa;ah 4. `hjpgpa;ah
5. g\upa;ah 6. Ku;jhupa;ah
7. ]khkpa;ah 8. `p\hkpa;ah
! ,J kl;Lky;yhJ K];ypk; ck;kj;jpy; [`kpa;ah> fjuupa;ah. [gupa;ah.

Kmj;jpyh Nghd;w gpupTfs; Njhd;Wtjw;Fk; K/j]pyhf;fs; cUthf;fpa
gFj;jwpTthj rpe;jidg; Nghf;Nf fhuzkhf mike;jJ. <khd; rhu;e;j
tplaq;fspy; gFj;jwpTf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; cz;ikiaf;
fz;lwpa KbahJ vd;gjw;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gpupTfs;; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.
! mg;gh]pa Ml;rpahsuhd k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy; K/j]pyhf; nfhs;if mur

nfhs; i fahfg; gpufldg; g Lj; j g; g l; l J. ,f; n fhs; i fia Vw; f hNjhu;
rpj;jputijf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;. ,jdhy; ,f;nfhs;if mur MjuNthL tsuj;
njhlq; f paJ. gpd; t e; j Ml; r pahsu; f s; ,f; n fhs; i ff; F MjuT
toq;fhikapdhYk; mwpQu;f ; spd; njspthd ,];yhkpa mfPjhg; gpurhuj;jhYk;
mJ ,y;yhnjhope;jJ. vdpDk; mjd; rpe;jidj; jhf;fk; ,d;Wk; rpy K];ypk;
gFj;jwpthsu;spilNa nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jtij mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.
www.nie.lk -148-
info@nie.lk
m\; m upa; a h
! ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; Njhd;wpa m`;Y];]{d;dh my;[khmj; rpe;jidf;F

cl;gl;l mfPjh uPjpahd ,af;fkhf m\;mupa;ah ,af;fk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
! ,J K/j]pyhf;fspd; jPtpu gFj;jwpthj rpe;jidapdhy; kf;fs; kj;jpapy;

Vw;gl;bUe;j gpioahd rpe;jidfis fise;J kf;fisr; rupahd mfPjhtpd;
gf;fk; top elhj;Jtjw;fhf ,khk; mGy; `]d; m\;mup (u`;) mtu;fshy;
Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l ,af;fk;.
! K/j]pyhf;fs; gFj;jwpitAk;> jj;Jt Qhdj;ijAk mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

,];yhkpa mfPjhitg; gpioahf tpsf;fpa NghJ my;Fu;Md;> my; `jP];
Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; gFj;jwpT uPjpahfTk;> thjq;fspD}lhfTk;
jfu; j ; n jwpe; j tuhf ,khk; mGy; `]d; m\; m up (u`; ) mtu; f s;
fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;.
Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp :
! `p[;up 260 g]uhtpy; gpwe;j mGy; `]d; ,g;D ,];khaPy; my; m\;mup
vd;gtuhy; ,t;tpaf;fk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
! ,tuJ je;ij ,];khapy; ,we;jjd; gpd;du; jha; mg+ myp [{g< vd;gtiu
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhu;. ,jdhy; my; [{g<apd; mutizg;gpy; tsu;ej
; hu;.
,jdhy; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj K/j]pyh nfhs;iff;Fr; rhu;g;ghdtuhf
tsu;e;J te;jhu;.
! mtu; mg+ %]h m\;mup (uop) mtu;fspd; guk;giuiar; Nru;e;jtu;.
! mg+ ,];`hf; my; Ku;]p vd;gtuplKk; ,tu; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;.
! Muk;gj;jpy; K/j]pyhf;fSf;F rhu;ghf gy tpthjq;fspy; <Lgl;lhu;. ,jd;

gpd;du; K/j]pyhf; nfhs;ifiaj; jdpikapy; ,Ue;J Mokhf Muha;ej ; jhu;
mjpy; gy Fiwfisf; fz;L K/j]pyhf;fSf;F vjpuhd jdJ rpej ; idfis
Kd;itj;jhu;.
! mGy; `]d; jj;JtuPjpahfTk;> gFj;jwpT uPjpahfTk; my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dhtpd;

Mjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L jdJ fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jjdhy; ,tuJ
fUj;Jf;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; kpf Ntfkhf nry;thf;Fg; ngw;W tsu;rr
; pAw;wd.
! ,khk; mGy; `]d; eLepiyr; rpe;jidNahL mfPjh uPjpahf ~~my; ,ghdh

md; c]{ypj; jpahdh|| vDk; E}iy ,khk; mg+`dPghtpd; topKiwiag;
gpd;gw;wp vOjp ntspapl;lhu;.
! ,khk; mGy; `]d; `p 324y; kuzpj;j NghJ ~~eh]pU]; ]{d;dh|| vd

kf;fs; ,tiug; Gfo;e;jdu;.
! m\;mupa;ah rpe;jidia Kf;fpakhd mwpQu;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljdhYk;

mjw;F murpay; MjuT fpilf;fg; ngw;wjdhYk; mJ kpf Ntfkhf
tsu;r;rpAw;wJ.
www.nie.lk -149-
info@nie.lk
! ,khk; f];]hyp> my; ghfpyhdp> `dgp> khypf;> \hgp< kJìg Nru;e;j

mwpQu;fs; ,f;nfhs;ifia Mjupj;jdu;.
! nry;[{f;fpa Ml;rpahsu; epohKy; Ky;f>; gj;jhj; epohkpaa

; h gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
,f;nfhs;ifia Nghjpf;f Vw;ghL nra;jhu;.
! gpd; t e; j Ml; r pahsu; f shd E}Uj; j P d ; ]d; f P > ]yh`{j; j P d ; ma; a +gp
Nghd;wtu;fSk; ,f;nfhs;iff;Fr; rhu;ghf nraw;gl;ljdhy; ,f; nfhs;if
tsu; r ; r pAw; w J. ,d; W tiu gy ehLfspd; gpd; g w; w g; g LtNjhL gy
gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; Nghjpf;fg;gl;Lk; tUfpd;wJ.
m\; m upa; a hf; f spd; gpujhd Nfhl; g hLfs

hLfs;
1. my;yh`; gpugQ;rj;ij ~~Fd;|| (MFf) vd;w thu;j;ij %yk; gilj;jhd;.
2. ey;ybahu;fs; kWikapy; my;yh`;it ntw;Wf; fz;fshy; ghu;g;ghu;fs;.
3. my;yh`;tpd; ]hj;Jk;> ]pghj;Jk; ntt;NtwhditahFk;.
4. my;yh`;Tf;F mwpT> Qhdk;> rf;jp Nghd;w gz;Gfs; cz;L.
5. my;yh`;tpd; Ngr;R gilf;fg;gl;ljd;W. MfNt my;Fu;Md;

gilf;fg;gl;ljd;W.
6. njs`Pij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltu; K];ypkhthu;. mtu; ngUk;ghtk; nra;jhy;

ghtpahff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. mtu; gw;wpa KbT my;yh`;tplNk cs;sJ.
7. my;yh`;tpd; cjtpapd;wp kdpjdhy; Rakhfr; nraw;gl KbahJ.
8. Rtu;f;fKk;> eufKk; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
9. kWikapy; my;yh`;tpd; \ghmj; cz;L.
10. fg;upy; Kd;fu;> efPu; vd;w ,U kyf;Ffspd; tprhuiz cz;L.
11. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; clYld; kp/uh[; nrd;whu;fs;.
12. gFj;jwpit tpl t`pf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mfPjh uPjpahd gpupTfs; Njhd;wpajhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;.
1. K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; If;fpak; rPu;Fiye;jik.
2. mu;j;jkw;w thjg;gpujpthjq;fs; mjpfupj;jik.
3. mfPjh Nfhl;ghLfs; ru;r;irfs; epiwe;j xU Jiwahf Nehf;fg;gl;lik.
4. gFj;jwpT thj rpe;jid nry;thf;fpw;F K];ypk; r%fk; cl;gl;lik.
5. ,];yhkpa fpyhgj; tYtpoe;J nrd;wik.
www.nie.lk -150-
info@nie.lk
6. mu;j;jkw;w thjg;gpujpthjq;fspy; Neuk;> gzk;> mwpT> mjpfhuk; Nghd;wd

J\;gpuNahfk; nra;ag;gl;lik.
7. Vfj;Jtj;jpw;F Kuzhd nfhs;iffs; Njhd;wpaik.
8. ,];yhkpa mfPjh vd;w Njhuizapy; gpw r%f> fyhrhu fUj;Jf;fs;

K];ypk;fspilNa nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wik.
9. ,];yhk; gw;wpa jg;ggpg;gpuhaq;fs; gpwuplk; cUthfpaik.
10. fyPghf;fSk;> Kf;fpa jiytu;fSk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lik.
\P M
! \PM vd;w nrhy; nkhop uPjpahf “gpupT” “$l;lk;” vd;Wk; “MjuT mzp”
vd;Wk; nghUs; jUfpwJ. ,t;tu;j;jj;jpy; my;Fu;MDk; rpy ,lq;fspy; ,r;
nrhy;iy cgNahfpj;Js;sJ. (c-k;) (28:15> 37:83)
! ,];yhkpa kugpy; “myp(uop) mtu;fs; kPJk; mtu;fsJ FLk;gj;jtu; kPJk;

msT fle;j md;ig ntspg;gLj;JtJld; mtu;fSf;Nf egpatu;fspd; gpd;
murpay;> Md;kpf jiyikj;Jtk; thupR mbg;gilapy; nrd;wpUf;fNtz;Lk;
vdf;$wp Ke;jpa %d;W fyPghf;fs; kPJk; mtu;fSf;F Mjuthd ]`hghf;fs;
kP J k; jg; g gpg; g puhaj; i jg; gug; G k; xU rpe; j idg; gpupT \P M vd; W
miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
! K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; Njhd;wpa Kuz;gl;l rpe;jidg; gpupTfSs; “\PM”vd;w

gpupT ePz;l tuyhw;iwAk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuzhd gy cl;gpupTfisAk;
cila rpWghd;ik K];ypk; mzpapduhtu;. fyPgh myp (uop) mtu;fsJ
fhyj;jpy; vOe;j murpay; uPjpahd fUj;J Kuz;ghLfspd; gpd;dzpapy;
Njhd; w pa ,g; g puptpd; Njhw; w k; Fwpj; J ngUk; g hd; i k K]; y pk;
mwpQu;fspilNaAk; \PM mwpQu;fspilNaAk; khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Njhw; w k;
! \PMf;fspd; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fs;
! “vdJ Md;kh vtd; iftrk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf ,tUk;

,tiug; gpd;gw;Wk; gpuptpdUNk (\PM) kWikapy; ntw;wp ngw;Nwhuhtu;”
vd egpatu;fs; myp (uop) iag; ghu;jJ; $wpdhu; vd;W [hgpupgD ; mg;Jy;yh`;
(uop) mtu;fspd; ngaupy; \Pah rhu;G fpue;jq;fspy; upthaj;J nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
`jPi] Mjhukhf itj;J egpatu;fsJ tghj;ijj; njhlu;e;J mG+gf;u;
(uop) mtu;fs; fyPghthf njupT nra;ag;gl;l rkaj;jpy;> myp (uop) jhNd
mjw;Fj; jFjpngw;wtu; vdf; fUjpaNghJ rpy ]`hghf;fs; mtUf;F
Mjutspj;jjd; %yk; ,g;gpupT Njhw;wk; ngw;W tpl;lJ vd rPahf;fspy;
ngUk;ghyhNdhu; fUJfpd;wdu;.
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info@nie.lk
! fyPgh c];khd;(uop) mtu;fsJ Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpf; fhyg;gFjpapy; mikjpaw;w

#o;epiy cUthfp ngUk; Fog;gq;fSk; ru;r;irfSk; mjpfupj;jd. fyPgh
c];khd; (wop) mtu;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gLksTf;F Nkrkile;jJ.
fyPgh c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lijj; njhlu;eJ

; Ml;rpf;F
te;j fyPgh myp (uop) mtu;fsplk; mePjpahd Kiwapy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l
fyPgh c];khd; (wop) mtu;fSf;fhf gop jPu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd xU FO
Nfhupf;ifia Kd;itj;jJ.
Gjpa fyPghtpdhy; cldbahf ,e;jf; Nfhupf;ifia epiwNtw;w Kbahky;

Nghdjhy; Vw;gl;l Kuz;ghLfs; fyPghTf;Fk; \hk; Njr ftu;du; KMtpah
(uop) mtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,U mzpiaAk; me;j mzpiaAk; rhuhj
FOthf K];ypk;fs; %d;W mzpfshfg; gpupe;jdu;. fyPghtpd; %d;whtJ
mzp \PmJ myp vd;Wk; KMtpahtpd; mzp \PmJ KMtpah vd;Wk;
miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; njhluhf myp (uop) mtu;fsJ Mjuthsu; mzp
njhlu;e;Jk; \PM vd;w ngaupy; miof;fg;glyhapw;W.
! \Pah rpe;jidg; gpuptpd; tsu;rr ; pf;F %d;whk; fyPgh c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsJ
fhyj;jpy; epytpa mikjpaw;w #o;epiyia> rpy jPa rf;jpfs; jkf;Fr;
rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;ldu;. mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ]gh vd;w A+jd;
K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ]`hghf;fSf;F
kj; j papy; Fog; g j; i j cz; L gz; Z k; ifq; f upaj; j py; <Lgl; l hd; .
]`hghf;fSf;fpilNa c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSf;F vjpuhfTk; myp (uop)
mtu;fSf;F MjuthfTk; kf;fisj; J}z;btpl;lhd;. rkhjhd Kaw;rpfisr;
rP u ; F iyg; g jw; F k; K]; y pk; rKjhaj; j py; njhlu; e ; J k; gpsTfis
VwgLj;Jtjw;Fk; kpfj; jPtpukhf Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhd;. ,td;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpa Nfhl;ghLfshYk; ,tdJ gpur;rhu Kaw;rpahYk; \Pahg;
gpupT tsu;rr ; pAw;W jPtpu rf;jpahf khwpajhf m`;Y];]_d;dh ty; [khj;ijr;
Nru;e;j ngUk;ghyhNdhu; fUJfpd;wdu;.
! c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; \PM vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfk;

Kjw;jlitahd Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU mzpiaf; Fwpf;f gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
c]; k hd; (uop) mtu; f is tpl myp (uop) mtu; f s; fpyhgJf; F
Kw;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;F Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fNs
\PMf;fs; vd Kjw;jlitahf milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;.
! a]PJila fhyj;jpy; myp (uop) mtu;fsJ kfd; `_i]d; (uop) mtu;fs;

<uhf; kf;fspd; miog;ig Vw;W mq;Nf nry;Yk;NghJ fu;gyh vd;w ,lj;jpy;
mur gilapduhy; kpfj; Jf;ffukhd Kiwapy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;.
,jdhy; Mj;jpukile;j mtuJ Mjuthsu;fs; `_i]d; (uop) mtu;fSf;fhf
jk;capiuAk; mu;gg; zpj;J cikahf; fpyhgj;Jf; nfjpuhfg; Nghuhl rj;jpag;
gpukhzk; nra;J nfhz;ldu;. md;wpypUe;J \PM vd;w xU gpupT K];ypk;f ; s;
kj;jpapy; tYg;ngw;wJ vdyhk;.
! Nkw;$wg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; \Pahf;fspd; czu;T G+u;tkhd

nraw;ghLfSld; xg;GNehf;fpg; ghu;f;fpd;wNghJ fu;gyhTld; njhlu;GgLj;jpf;
www.nie.lk -152-
info@nie.lk
$wg;gLk; fUj;Nj rupahdjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Vnddpy; \PMf;fspd;

czu;TG+u;tkhd ntspg;ghLfs; midj;Jf;Fk; fu;gyh epfo;Nt fhuzkhf
mike;Js;sJ.
\Pah xU nfhs;ifahf tsu;r;rpngwy;
! \PM ,af;fj;jpd; ,khk;fspy; xUtuhd [/gu; ]hjpf; (u`;) (`p.80-148)

kw;WK; \PM rpe;jidahsuhd `p\hk; gpd; `fk; (`p.190kuzk;) Nghd;Nwhu;
\PMf; nfhs;iffis tFj;jjpy; Kd;dzp tfpj;jhu;fs;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
jkf;Fg; gpd;du; K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd; jiytuhf myp (uop) mtu;fis
epakpj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whu; vd;w fUj;ij Kjd; Kjyhf `p. 2 Mk;
E}w;whz;by; tho;ej
; `p\hk; gpd; `fk; Mthu;. \PM rpej
; idapd; tuyhw;wpy;
my;Fu;md;> `jP]pd; %yk; myp (uop) mtu;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F
Mjhuq;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; kuG `p\hk; gpd; `fKf;Fg; gpd;Ng Njhw;wk;
ngw;wJ. ,t;thW my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;$lhfTk; egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ
egp nkhopf;$lhfTk; myp (uop) mtu;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F Mjhuk;
Kd; itf;Fk; \PMf; nfhs;if tuyhw;wpy; mfPjJe; e]; ty; t]pa;ah
vdg;gLfpwJ.
! ,f;nfhs;ifia Kjd; Kjyhf `p\hk; gpd; `fk; Kd;itf;f mtu;fNshL

rkfhyj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;fSk;> gpd;dhy; tho;e;jtu;fSk; mjidg; gpurhuk;
nra;jhu;fs;. ,e;j tifapy; `j;jhj;> mG+ ]<j; tuhf;> ,g;D uhtd;jp
Nghd;Nwhu; ,f;nfhs;ifiag; gpur;rhuk; nra;jtu;fspy; Fwpgg
; plj;jf;ftu;fshtu;.
! ,f;nfhs;if Kd;itf;fg;gl;lijj; njhlu;eJ

; \Pah(f; fl;rp) jdpahd rpej
; idg;
gpupthf khwpaJ. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa Vida rpe;jidg;
gpupTfspypUe;J \Pah ,af;fj;ij NtWgLj;Jk; mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahfTk;
,J fUjg;gLfpwJ. \PaJ myp - mypapd; fl;rpapdu; vd;w murpay;
epiiyg;ghlhf khj;jpuk; ,Ue;j epiy khwp \Pah vd;gJ xU nfhs;ifahf
tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.
! vdpDk;> m`;Yy; igj; vdg;gLk; egpatu;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdiu Nerpg;gjd;

%yk; xUtu; \Pahf; nfhs;ifiar; rhu;ej; tuhf Mfptpl KbahJ. myp(uop)
mtu;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpwF ; Mjhukhf Kd;itf;fg;gLk; ,f;nfhs;ifia
ek;GgtNu \PMf; nfhs;ifapd; mq;fj;jtdhf \PM r%fj;jpdhy; fUjg;gLtu;.
,e;j tifapy;jhd; myp (uop) mtu;fspd; Mjuthsu;fshfNth my;yJ
mtuJ mzpiar; rhu; e ; j tu; f shfNth ,Ug; g tu; f s; \P M f; f shf
fUjg;gLtjpy;iy.
! myp (uop) mtu;fs; \PMf; nfhs;ifapd; ];jhgfNuh \PMNth my;yu;.

khwhf \P M f; f spd; topjtwpa nfhs; i ffspypUe; J Kw; w pYk;
epuguhjpahdtu; f s; . ,e; e piyapy; myp(uop) mtu; f isAk; mtu; f sJ
FLk;gj;jtu;fisAk; \PMf;fs; vd ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ topjtwpa
epiyg;ghlhFk;.
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info@nie.lk
\P a hf; f spd; cl; g pupTfs; ;
! egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;Fg;gpd; myp(uop) mtu;fSf;Nf murpay; Md;kpfj;

jiyikj;Jtk; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPtpu ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghL fhuzkhf
ngUk;ghd;ik K];ypk; r%fj;ij tpl;Lk; gpupe;J nrd;w \Pahf;fs;
`_i]d;(uop) mtu;fSf;Fg;gpd; mLj;j ,khk; ahu; vd;w tplaj;jpy; xt;nthU
,khkpd; kuzj;ijj; njhlu;eJ ; k; jkf;F kj;jpapy; vOe;j fUj;J NtWghLfs;
fhuzkhf jkf;Fs; ,d;Dk; gy gpupTfshfg; gpupe;J nrd;wdu;. \Pahf;fs;
vt;thW gpupeJ
; nrd;whu;fs; vd;gJ gw;wp \Pahf;fspd; NguwpQu;fspy; xUtuhd
my;yhkh jgjghap gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpwhu;.
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Gjy;thud i]j; my; \`Pijg; gpd;gw;wpa rpWghd;ikapdu; i]jpfs; vd
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ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; mtuJ Gjy;tu; %]h my; fhopikg; gpd;gw;wpdu;. vdpDk;
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mtuJ Gjy;tu; myp mu;upohit vl;lhtJ ,khkhfg; gpd;gw;wpdu;. vdpDk;
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vdg;gl;ldu;.
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kiwtpw;Fg;gpd; jhNk ,khnkd cupik nfhz;lhbdhu;. xU Nfh\;bapdu;
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1. ,];dhm\;mupa;ah
2. if]hdpa;ah
3. gj;`pa;ah
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7. ,];kh<ypa;ah
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vz;zpfi ; f gd;dpuz;L vd;W ek;GtjdhyhFk;. mj;J
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k`;jp ,];kh<y; vd;Wk; mtu; kuzpf;ftpy;iy kPz;Lk; tUthu; vd;Wk;
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tpll
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fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,d;Dk; gy gpupTfshfg;; gpupe;jdu;.
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; f;nfhz;l> ,uT KOJk;
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mikg;Ng ghjpdpfshtu;. ,tu;fs; tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa kpfNkhrkhd
gpuptpduhtu;. ,tu;fs; kJit `yhyhf;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. njhOifia
,UNeukhf;fpdu;. jkJ nfhs;if rhuhj Vida K];ypk;fisf; nfhiy
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topelhj;jg;gl;ljdhy; ,tu;fs; fuhkpjhf;fs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLd;wdu;.
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ep]hupfs;
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Ei]upfs
Ei]upfs;
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m]hj; FLk;gj;jpdUk; Ei]upg;gpupitr; Nru;e;j \Pahf;fNs Mtu;.
\P a hf; f s; gw; w pa m/Y]; ] _d; d hf; f spd; Nehf; F
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mtu;fs; gw;wpa %d;W tifahd epiyg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.
1. Neu;topapy; nry;Nthu;: mfPjh uPjpapy; my;yhky; NkNyhl;lkhd rpy

tplaq;fspy; khj;jpuk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;;fs;;.
2. topNflu;fs;: mfPjhtpy; rpy Gjpa tplaq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;

<khdpd; mbg;gilahd tplaq;fspy; my;Fu;MDf;Fk; ]_d;dhTf;Fk; mika
tpRthrk; nfhs;gtu;fs;.
3. fhgpu;fs;: <khdpd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fspy; my;Fu;MDf;Fk; ]_d;dhTf;Fk;

Kuzhf tpRthrk; nfhs;gtu;fs;.,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; murpay; uPjpahf
Njhw;wk; ngw;w kpfTk; goik tha;e;j gpupTfspy; \Pahf;fs; kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;. ~~\PaJ myp|| mypapd; fl;rp vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;Nj
\Pahf;fs; vd;w nrhy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
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