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ஆங்கில இலக்கணம் PDF
ஆங்கில இலக்கணம் PDF
,
(Spoken English) ,
.
"Grammar Patterns" .
,
, .
"I do a job"
" ."
. "
." .
; ,
"do a job"
. " "
. " ,
, " 73
.
do a job
1. I do a Job.
.
2. I am doing a job.
.
Page 1 of 361
3. I did a job.
.
4. I didn't do a job.
.
5. I will do a job.
.
( ) .
6. I won't do a job.
.
Page 2 of 361
19. I could do a job.
20. I was able to do a job.
.
Page 3 of 361
35. I shouldn't do a job.
.
.
Page 4 of 361
50. Doing a job is useful.
( ) .
Page 5 of 361
65. I had been doing a job.
/
.
.( )
"do a job"
"doing a job"
. 'ing'
.
.
"ing"
.
Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,
68, 69.
Page 6 of 361
:
speak in English
speaking in English. .
Homework:
10 .
73
. .
.
1. I speak in English.
.
2. I write a letter.
.
3. I play cricket.
.
4. I fill up the form.
.
5. I go to school.
.
6. I do my homework.
.
7. I read a book.
.
8. I travel by bus.
.
9. I look for a job.
.
10. I ride a bike.
.
"speak in English"
:
I speak in English.
.
I am speaking in English.
.
Page 7 of 361
I spoke in English.
.
,
73 .
.
Do + not = Don‟t
Does + not = Doesn‟t
Did + not = Didn‟t
Will + not = Won‟t
Was + not = Wasn‟t
Were + not = Weren‟t
Can + not = Can‟t
Could + not = Couldn‟t
Have + not = Haven‟t
Has + not = Hasn‟t
Had + not = Hadn‟t
Need + not = Needn‟t
Must + not = Mustn‟t
Should + not = Shouldn‟t
Would + not Wouldn't
.
.
Grammar Patterns 2 Grammar Patterns 3
73 (
) .
.
.
.
Page 8 of 361
- 2 (Grammar Patterns 2)
" -1" -
,
.
I am .
1, 7, 8, 13, 16, 18, 27, 37, 38, 39, 56, 60, 61, 64, 71
.
.
"speak in English"
. " " (I) ,
" " (He) .
"He speaks in English - , He spoke
in English - , He wiil speak in English -
" 73
.
speak in English
1. He speaks in English.
.
2. He is speaking in English.
.
3. He spoke in English.
.
Page 9 of 361
6. He won’t speak in English.
.
Page 10 of 361
24. He will be unable to speak in English.
.
Page 11 of 361
39. He doesn’t have to speak in English.
/ .
Page 12 of 361
54. He made her speak in English.
.
Page 13 of 361
68. I saw him speak in English.
.
1.
. "He speaks in English" " .
"speak" "s"
. "Third Person Singular"
He, She, It s, es
.
2. "speak in English"
"speaking in English" .
Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,
68, 69.
"ing"
.
Page 14 of 361
:
speak in English
speaking in English. "ing" .
Homework:
He drives a car.
.
73
.
Page 15 of 361
3 (Grammar Patterns 3)
.
.
"go to school"
.
Page 16 of 361
1. We go to school.
.
3. We went to school.
.
4. We didn’t go to school.
.
5. We will go to school.
.
6. We won’t go to school.
.
Page 17 of 361
17. We can’t go to school
18. We are unable to go to school.
.
Page 18 of 361
34. We should go to school.
.( )
Page 19 of 361
49. He didn’t seem to be going to school.
.
Page 20 of 361
64. We have been going to school.
/
.
.( )
Home work:
1. We pray.
.
2. We learn English.
.
3. We watch movie.
.
Page 21 of 361
4. We listen to songs.
.
5. We have lunch.
.
73
.
.
73
. ,
.
aangilam.blogspot.com
"ing"
.
Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,
68, 69.
Example:
We pray
We are praying.
Page 22 of 361
4 (Simple Present Tense)
1. I do a job
.
"I do a job" .
Simple Present Tense Present Simple Tense
.
Page 23 of 361
.
.
Do you do a job?
?
Yes, I do a job
, .
No, I don’t do a job. (do + not)
, .
Do you go to school?
?
Yes, I go to school.
, .
No, I don’t go to school. (do + not)
, .
I( ) "You, We,
They - / / / / "
.
50 .
.
.
Page 24 of 361
1. I get up early at 6:30.
6:30 .
2. I brush my teeth.
.
3. I have a bath.
.
4. I have breakfast.
.
5. I travel by bus.
.
6. I go to school.
.
9. I write an article.
.
24. I do my homework.
.
Page 26 of 361
32. I prepare tea.
.
38. I go to market.
.
" 1" 50
. 50
He / She / It
.
Grammar Patterns 2
.
He does a job. - .
She does a job. - .
It does a job. - .
He speaks in English - .
She speaks in English. - .
It speaks in English. - .
Page 28 of 361
"Third Person Singular"
.
Does he do a job?
?
Yes, he does a job
, .
No, he doesn’t do a job. (does + not)
, .
He -
' '
.
She -
' '
.
Page 29 of 361
It -
' '
.
:
He/ She/ It - makes a coffee - (make)
He/ She/ It - thinks about that (think)
He/ She/ It - loves ice-cream. (love)
Suvethine makes a coffee. - .
Sarmilan loves his Motherland. - .
Cat thinks about rat. - .
:
“y”
“ies” .(
)
:
Try - tries
Worry - worries
“s”, x”, z”, ch”, sh”, 0"
“es”
.
:
do - does
go - goes
have - has ('have' 'has'
.)
:
[Simple
Present - Signal words]
always
Often
Usually
Sometimes
Seldom
Never
Every day
Every week
Every year
On Monday
After school
Page 30 of 361
"
?" .
.
Where do you live?
?
" "
. " "
.
, . ,
. , .
" "
.
" "
,
. "Simple Present tense" .
" 1" .
-2
,
.
! .
Page 31 of 361
5 (Present Continuous Tense)
73
Grammar Patterns 1, Grammar Patterns 2, Grammar Patterns 3
.
.
.
. "
1"
.
I am doing a job.
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
Page 32 of 361
.
. "Practical Training"
.
, .
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
1. I + am + doing a job
2. He/ She/ It + is + doing a job.
3. You/ We/ They + are + doing a job. (Subject)
. Form
"ing"
.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing
1. I + am + not + doing a job
2. He/ She/ It + is + not + doing a job.
3. You/ We/ They + are + not + doing a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing
1. Am + I + doing a job?
2. Is + he/ she/ It + doing a job?
3. Are + you/ we/ they + doing a job? "Subject"
"Auxiliary verb "
.
50 .
.
, "What are you doing now?"
,
.
.
, .
...
1. I am getting up now.
.
2. I am going to toilet.
.
3. I am brushing my teeth.
.
4. I am having a bath.
.
6. I am dressing.
.
7. I am practicing my religion.
.
Page 34 of 361
8. I am having breakfast.
.
9. I am worshiping my parents.
.
14. I am working.
.
Page 35 of 361
23. I am waiting for you.
.
29. I am walking.
.
Page 36 of 361
38. I am watching movie.
.
49. I am praying.
.
50. I am sleeping.
.
50
.
Page 37 of 361
2
Positive
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
2. He/ She/ It + is + doing a job.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing
2. He + She/ It/ is + not + doing a job?
Question
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing
2. Is + he/ she/ It + doing a job?
1 50
. 50
He / She / It
.
Is he doing a job?
?
Yes, he is doing a job. (he‟s)
, .
No, he is not doing a job. (isn‟t)
, .
Is it working?
?
Yes, it is working. (it‟s)
, .
No, it is not working. (isn‟t)
, .
Page 38 of 361
It’s
It + is sort form It's .
It’s
It + was sort form It's .
It’s been
It + has been sort form It's been .
( " It's" "been"
.)
Its
Its " " .
Positive
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
3. You/ We/ They + are + doing a job.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
3. You/ We/ They + are + not + doing a job
Question.
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing
3. Are + you/ we/ they + doing a job?
:
Are they doing a job?
?
Yes, they are doing a job. (they‟re)
, .
No, they are not doing a job. (aren‟t)
, .
Page 39 of 361
No, they are not speaking in English. (aren‟t)
, .
2. Temporary Situations :
Page 40 of 361
:
"Future Reference"
.
tomorrow
next week
now
at the moment
today
this week
Page 41 of 361
6 (Grammar Patterns 4)
Grammar Patterns 1, 2, 3 ; 73
. "
" (Noun) " " (Pronoun) ,
32 ,
. "to be" form
.
" " , , ,
.
.
.
(Types of Nouns)
(Pronouns)
Sarmilan is a Manager.
.
( )
. " "
. . " "
" ,
, ... , ... , ...
, ... , ... ".
.
" "
. " "
" " (He is a Manager. -
) .
.
Page 42 of 361
.
1. He is a Manager.
.
( )
2. He can be a Manager
.
.
3. He was a Manager.
.
5. He may be a Manager
.
7. He will be a Manager.
.
8. He must be a Manager.
.
Page 43 of 361
14. He has to be a Manager.
( ) .
Page 44 of 361
27. He could have been a Manager.
.
Homework:
32 ,
.
She is a nurse.
.
He is a teacher.
.
Page 45 of 361
:
"is"
,
.
She is a nurse.
She _____ a nurse.
She _______ a nurse
Sarmilan is a Manager.
.
.
" ."
.
, "
." .
" ,
, "
Sarmilan is a Manager.
.( )
.(
)
Page 46 of 361
7 (have/ have got)
" " .
“ ” (have)
“ ” .
Have “ ” .
"I have work."
“ ” .
“ , , ,
, , " 23
.
Grammar Patterns
. “ ”
, Grammar Patterns 1
.
.
1. I have work.
2. I have got work.
.
5. I had work.
.
Page 47 of 361
7. I may have work.
8. I might have work.
9. I may be having work.
.
Page 48 of 361
Homework:
" "
23 ,
.
1. I have an interview
.
2. I have money
.
3. I have a Tamil dictionary
.
4. I have a kind heart.
.
5. I have two brothers and three sisters
.
6. I have fever.
.
7. I have cough and cold.
.
8. I have a beautiful house
.
9. I have a car
.
10. I have pass port.
.
/ "a" "an"
. Use a/an - Vowels
and Consonant .
“ ” "have" . “have”
“ ” ,
,
.
Page 49 of 361
.
1. "Possession" :
2. "Relationships" :
3. "Illnesses" :
4. "Characteristics" ,
:
, , ,
,
"Have" "have got"
.
.
Page 50 of 361
I have work.
I have got work. " "
. have/ have got
"have got" ,
"got" "get" Past Tense/Past Participle "got"
.
! .
.
. "
" .
.
Page 51 of 361
8 (there is)
7 “ ”
"have/have got"
.
"there is"
. "there is" ,
"have" " "
.
.
.
" "
, Grammar
Patterns 1 .
.
1. There is a book.
.
Page 52 of 361
5. There can be a book.
.
Page 53 of 361
20. There has been a book.
/ .
Home work:
• There are hundred of vegetable items in the market (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular)
•
3, 4, 11, 17, 22
(Plural) .
1, 2, 9, 16, 20
(Singular) .
Page 54 of 361
1:
Have - There is
1. have - ,
"have" .
: I have a book “ .”
.
" "
.
? ?
. "
." " ."
.(
)
" " "there is"
.
2:
Here –
There –
Here and there –
"There" “ ” .
“there +”
;“ ”
. .
Page 55 of 361
9 - (Irregular verbs)
"Irregular verbs"
. "
10"
.
"Irregular verbs"
. http://aangilam.page.tl/Irregular-verbs.htm
.
.
irregular vers.mp3
Page 56 of 361
Page 57 of 361
Page 58 of 361
Page 59 of 361
"Irregular verbs"
.
,
.
(Past Tense)
.
, , English listening
ractice, through Tami
Page 60 of 361
10 (Simple Past Tense)
Grammar Patters 1
. 73
. 3, 4
.
3. I did a job
4. I didn’t do a job.
.
. "Simple Past Tense"
"Past Simple Tense" .
.
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + __ + did a job. "Subject"
. (Auxiliary verb) "
" .
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + did + not + do a job
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
Did + I/he/she/it/you/we/they + do a job? "Subject"
, (Auxiliary verb
.
,
.
:
Did you do a job?
?
Page 61 of 361
Yes, I did a job
, .
No, I didn’t do a job. (did + not)
, .
4. I forgave him.
.
5. I travelled by MTR.
MTR .( )
Page 62 of 361
8. I bought a car.
.
9. I wrote an article.
.
Page 63 of 361
23. I ironed my clothes.
.
Page 64 of 361
38. I paid in Installments.
( ) .
Page 65 of 361
Homework:
1: I( ) .
You,
He, She, It, We, They .
2: 4
50 .
.
"verb" ,
Irregular verbs
.
3: ' '
' '
.
.
Page 66 of 361
:
,
.
.
1. Regular verbs - with regular verbs + ed
2. Irregular verbs - The past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart.
1. Regular verbs -
– ed .
:
I played cricket
I visited Japan last year
I watched TV last night
:
I studied English.
:
I lived in Australia for two years.
(Pronunciation)
"regular verbs" – ed .
.
.
Agreed - g d
Loved - d
Judged - d
Begged - d
Cleaned - d
( D) .
Stopped - /t/
Laughed - /t/
Washed - /t/
Watched - /t/
Talked - /t/
( t) .
Needed - d d
Collected - d
( d) .
Page 68 of 361
11 (Simple Future Tense)
Grammar Patterns -1
.
.
1
. " "
.
.
5. I will do a job
.
.( )
5, 6 .
. "Simple Future Tense"
. Form , , ,
"will" .
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb
I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will + do a job. "Subject"
.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb
I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + won’t + do a job
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + do a job? "Subject"
"Auxiliary verb"
.
Page 69 of 361
. .
.
, ,
.
.
Page 70 of 361
3. I will speak in English fluently.
.( )
Page 71 of 361
18. I will do my duty.
.
Page 72 of 361
33. I will untie this knot.
.
Page 73 of 361
48. I will get married after few months.
.
Homework:
B.
50
.
,
.
. .
,
.
.
Page 74 of 361
, "Spoken English"
.
.
"I am speaking in English" "
"
,
“ ” .
.
( , )
. BBC
(Pronounciation) ,
.
.
"short form"
.
"short form"
.
Page 75 of 361
Negative short forms
"Sort Forms"
.
1. Future “will”
2. Future “going to”
3. Present continuous used as future.
4. Future Continuous
5. Future perfect simple
6. Future perfect continuous
Future “will”
.
.
Future "will"
1. , , .
100%
.
. ( )
. "Future
prediction" .
.
3. "will"
.
(promise) .(
)
Page 77 of 361
12 (Past Continuous Tense)
Grammar Patterns 1 9 10
.
Grammar Patterns 2, Grammar Patterns 3
.
“ ” .
"Past Continuous Tense" "Past Progressive Tense"
.
"
" .
, 1
. "Grammar Patterns"
.
.
.
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + ing
I /He /She /It + was + doing a job.
You / We /They + were + doing a job.
'Subject' .
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb + ing
I /He /She /It + wasn’t + doing a job
You /We /They + weren’t + doing a job
Page 78 of 361
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + ing
Was + I /he /she /it + doing a job?
Were + you /we /they + doing a job? Auxiliary verb " "
, Subject " "
.
“ ”
.
.
(Affirmative Sentences) 25 .
.
.
Page 79 of 361
3. I was studying.
.
9. I was snowboarding.
.
Homework:
1. 25 ,
3. , , ,
?
Page 81 of 361
.
,
,
.
.
1.
.
?- .
–
– ,
. (Action or situation that had already started and was still continuing
at a particular time.)
25 .
.
Page 82 of 361
-1
2. ,
.
-2
3. always, constantly
.
, ,
,
.
-3
1, 2, 3
.
.
4.
. (two actions were happening at the same time.)
Malathi was writing a letter while Pandian was reading the News paper.
Sothiya was cooking dinner while her friend was setting the table.
( ) .
.
Page 84 of 361
-4
5. ,
.
. (use the Past Continuous tense with the Past Simple tense)
.
I was brushing my teeth when my mother called me.
( ) .
Ravi was sleeping last night when someone stole his car.
Page 85 of 361
-5
While, When
1:
Malathi was writing a letter while Pandian was reading the News paper.
while – ( ) ( )
?
.
"
"
.
2:
Page 86 of 361
.
I was walking in the park – .
when – ( )
it started to rain -
?
.
"
."
.
"background situation" .
:
.
I was studying while she was making dinner.
Adverb -
always,
only, never, ever, still, just
,
.
Signal words
while
when
Page 87 of 361
13 (Future Continuous Tense)
! Grammar Patterns -1
.
Grammar Patterns-1
.
.
1. I do a Job.
2. I am doing a job.
3. I did a job.
4. I didn't do a job.
5. I will do a job.
6. I won't do a job.
.
"Future Continuous Tense" "Future Progress Tense"
.
Page 88 of 361
.
(The future continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the future.)
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will + be + doing a job. "Subject"
.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing
I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + won’t + be + doing a job
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be + doing a job?
:
"Auxiliary verb" " "
.
"Auxiliary verb"
.
"Subject" " .
. (invariable) .
.
Will you be doing a job?
?
Yes, I will be doing a job.
, .
No, I won’t be doing a job.
, .
Page 89 of 361
Will you be going to school?
?
Yes, I will be going to school.
, .
No, I won’t be going to school. (will + not)
, .
(Affirmative Sentence)
.
1. I will be speaking in English.
.
( )
Page 90 of 361
13. I will be coming to work next week.
.
Page 91 of 361
Homework:
A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They
.
B. 25
.
:
.
Sarmilan will be playing on the computer when his mother comes home.
Page 92 of 361
14 (Future "going to")
Grammar Patterns -1
.
" "
1
. "
" .
:
1. Future “will”
2. Future “going to” ( )
3. Present continuous used as future
4. Future continuous
5. Future perfect simple
6. Future perfect continuous
“going to”
. "going to" ( )
,
. (Going to is not a tense. It is a
special expression to talk about the future.)
“going to” .
1.
. (planned actions in the future)
:
I am going to buy a new car tomorrow.
.
2.
,
.( , ) (something is going to happen in the future)
Page 93 of 361
:
Look at that cloud. I think it is going to rain.
. .
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + going to + Main verb
1. I + am + going to + do a job
2. He/ She/ It + is + going to + do a job.
3. You/ We/ They + are + going to + do a job.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + going to + Main verb
1. I + am + not + going to + do a job
2. He/ She/ It + is + not + going to + do a job.
3. You/ We/ They + are + not + going to + do a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + going to + Main verb
1. Am + I + going to + do a job?
2. Is + he/ she/ It + going to + do a job?
3. Are + you/ we/ they + going to + do a job? "Auxiliary verb "
“Subject” "going to"
.
First Person Singular, Third person Singular, Second Person
Singular and Plural .
.
Page 94 of 361
Yes, I am going to learn English grammar through Tamil. (I‟m)
, .
No, I am not going to learn English grammar through Tamil. (I‟m not)
, .
Is he going to do a job?
?
Yes, he is going to do a job. (he‟s)
, .
No, he is not going to do a job. (isn‟t)
, .
Is it going to rain?
?
Yes, it is going to rain. (it‟s)
, .
No, it is not going to rain. (isn‟t)
, .
Page 95 of 361
Are we going to win?
?
Yes, we are going to win. (we‟re)
, .
No, we are not going to win. (aren‟t)
, .
“Affirmative Sentences”
. .
5. I am going to go on vacation.
( )
Page 96 of 361
13. I am going to paint the house
.
Page 97 of 361
Homework:
1. 25
.
2. He, She, It, You, They, We
.
3.
.
.
4. .
Good idea, I am going to bring some vine.
,
( ) .
-1:
1. , , ,
.
“ ”
. ,
,
.
Page 98 of 361
:
I read a book.
.
I am reading a book.
.
-2:
:
, "gonna"
. “gonna”
"going to" .
. ('going to' is often
shortened to 'gonna', especially in American English.)
:
Are you going to go soon?
Are you gonna go soon?
Page 99 of 361
15 (was/were going to)
Grammar Patterns -1
.
" "
, 1
. "
" .
( )
.
“The Future in the Past” .
( ) . “ ”
,
.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + going to + Main verb
1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + not + going to + do a job.
2. You/ We/ They + were + not + going to + do a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + going to + Main verb
1. Was + I/ he/ she/ it + going to + do a job?
2. Were + you/ we/ they + going to + do a job? "Auxiliary verb "
“Subject” "going to"
.
“Affirmative Sentences”
. .
Homework:
1. 25
.
3. ( ,
)
, , ,
.
4. .
I was going to visit my uncle in Point Pedro last year, but I couldn't get the pass.
,
.(
)
I was going to wash the dishes, but there wasn't enough time.
, ( )
.
( ) .
(Forms) ,
, , ,
,
.
went -
“ ”
.
Grammar Patterns -1
. 15, 16, 17, 18
.
" "
,
1-
.
15, 16
. "can" "+
able to" .
( / )
. “can”
,
“+ able to”
.
,
, “can” . “be able to”
.
1. , /
( )
2.
3.
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb
1. I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + can + do a job.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb
1. I/ He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + can + not + do a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
1. Can + I/ he/ she/ it/ you/ we/ they + do a job?
"bare infinitive" .
"to" . (The main verb is always the bare infinitive.
'infinitive without "to").
"can" .
“tomorrow”
.
. + able to
.
“+ able to”
.
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + be + able + infinitive
1. I + am + able + to + do a job
2. He/ She/ It + is + able + to + do a job.
3. You/ We/ They + are + able + to + do a job.
Negative
Subject + be + able + infinitive
1. I + am not + able + to + do a job
2. He/ She/ It + is not + able + to + do a job.
3. You/ We/ They + are not + able + to + do a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Be + Subject + able + infinitive
1. Am + I + able + to + do a job?
2. Is + he/ she/ It + able + to + do a job?
3. Are + you/ we/ they + able + to + do a job?
. .
“+ able to”
,
. ,
, ,
. .
“+ able to”
.
Be able to “to”
. (be able to has an infinitive form)
I + can I + am able to
He/ She/ It + can He/ She/ It + is able to
You/ We/ They + can You/ We/ They + are able to
.
(Listening Practice)
----------------------------------------------------------------
.
Aangilam.blog.mp3
1. 25
.
2. .
4. " "
. " "
.
.
;
.
Engliah Grammar Explanation through Tamil. Free Tamil - English
- Spoken English in Tamil, Free Spoken English Through Tamil, Spoken English with
Tamil Explanation ?
, , ,
.
.
19. I could do a job.
20. I was able to do a job.
.
-1
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb
1. I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + could + do a job.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb
1. I/ He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + could + not + do a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
1. Could + I/ he/ she/ it/ you/ we/ they + do a job?
–2
“could”
“was/were able to” - . + able to
.
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + be + able + infinitive
1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + able + to + do a job.
2. You/ We/ They + were + able + to + do a job.
Negative
Subject + be + able + infinitive
1. I/ He/ She/ It + was not + able + to + do a job.
2. You/ We/ They + were not + able + to + do a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Be + subject + able + infinitive
1. Was + I/ he/ she/ It + able + to + do a job?
2. Were + you/ we/ they + able + to + do a job?
. .
Were you able to do a job?
?
Yes, I was able to do a job.
, .
No, I was unable to do a job. (was not able to )
, .
“could”
“was/were able to” .
. (You can use
either "could or was/were able to" describe a general ability (but not a specific achievement) in
the past.)
( )
Homework:
1. 10
.
2. .
4.
. " "
,
.
.
.
5.
.
When we were staying at the hotel, we could see the sun rise every morning.
When we were staying at the hotel, we were able to see the sun rise every morning.
( ) ,
( )
.
( ).
“could or was/were
able to” .
,
“was/were able to”
. (You must use “was/were able to” to
describe a special achievement or a single event in the past.) ( “could"
.)
A man fell into the river yesterday. The police were able to save him. v ( )
A man fell into the river yesterday. The police could save him. X - ( )
,
.
couldn‟t was/were
able to . . (In
the negative,' wasn't able to' OR 'couldn't' are both correct.)
1. “can, - am/is/are
able to” “could, - was/were able to”
.
6. (
)
"managed to" . (If it was something difficult we
use "managed to".)
"Could"
. “Polite and More Polite”
.
17 “can” “could”
“was/were able to” .
“can”
“could” ,
.
can / could ,
(Can and could are modal auxiliary verbs) “+ able to”
.
.
“+ able to” .
.
,
. “Polite Form”
.
! “could” ?
.
Can, Could
,
. !
.
.
Page 121 of 361
“can” “could”
“can” ,
, “Could” ,
"More Polite" .
" " .
.
,
.
, ,
" "
.
.
( )
“ ”
.
.
.
.
.
,
"Polite and More Polite"
.
.
Good Morning!
Thanks
Thank you
Can I help you?
Excellent! Thank you
How are you?
I am fine, Thank you
Excuse me
Please sit down.
Pleased to meet you.
Welcome
Let me show you the department
Let me take your coat?
Would you like cup of coffee?
No, Thanks.
.
, ,
,
,
, , “Polite language”
.
.
.
.
Polite Language
.
May I have . . .
May I know . . .
Might . . .
Would you like . . .
If you don‟t mind . . .
Do you mind if . . .
Excuse me, Please . . .
"Polite Forms"
Grammar Patterns 1
.
Grammar Patterns -1 23 24
.
.
1
.
" " .
.
.
(Simple
Future Tense) . ,
, (First, Second, Third person) ,
"will be able to" .
.
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + be + able + infinitive
I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will be + able + to do a job.
Negative
Subject + be + not + able + infinitive
I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + won’t be + able + to do a job
Question (Interrogative)
Be + subject + be able + infinitive
Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job?
+ be able to
.
?
Yes, I will be able to speak perfect English very soon.
,
.
No, I won’t be able to speak perfect English very soon.
,
.
?
Yes, I will be able to go to university next year.
,
.
No, I won’t be able to go to university next year. (will + not)
,
.
25 .
.
.
aangilam.com 19.mp...
Homework:
B.
25
.
,
.
.
,
D.
,
.
. .
"short form"
. "short form"
.
. (Words)
. .
,
,
,
,
,
;
. “
” . “ ”
.
. “ ” (Parts
of Speech in English) .
Nouns –
Verbs –
Adjectives – /
Adverbs – /
Pronouns –
Prepositions –
Conjunctions – /
Interjections -
Verbs –
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
:
Do -
Come -
Speak -
Ask -
Go -
I do a job.
.
Adjectives – /
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, , ( )
. .
:
Red -
Yellow -
Big -
Small -
Beautiful -
Usually -
Really - /
Immediately -
Quickly -
Softly -
Usually I do a job.
. >>>
Pronouns –
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
He -
She -
It -
him -
her -
.
:
in - ,
at - ,
on - ,
for -
since -
Conjunctions – /
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
:
and -
but -
or -
than -
because -
Interjections -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
:
Wow!
Ha!
Hi!
hello!
Oh!
Wow! I won the match!
! !
Wow! Sarmilan and his little sister go to school happily. (All Eight Parts of Speech)
Interjection Noun Conjunction Pronoun Adjective Noun Verb Preposition Noun Adverb
!
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, , ,
,
.
;
.
. ,
(Nouns)
, , ,
, ,
" " .
. :
Common Nouns -
Proper Nouns -
Countable Nouns -
Uncountable Nouns -
Collective Nouns -
Concrete Nouns -
.
.
Abstract Nouns -
Compound Nouns -
.
.
. “may be”
” ”, ” ”, ” ”
.
“+ able to”
. 16
“ ” ,
17 “ ”
. “may” “be
able to” “ ”
.
, , (First,
Second, Third person) , "may be able
to" . .
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + be + able + infinitive
I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + may be + able + to do a job.
Negative
Subject + be + not + able + infinitive
I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + may + not + be + able + to do a job
Question (Interrogative)
Be + subject + be + able + infinitive
May + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job?
+ be able to
.
“to”
. (be able to has an infinitive form)
10 .
.
.
1. I may be able to go to Australia.
.
Homework:
A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They
.
B.
10
.
C. ,
“ ,
”
.
D. .
,
.
. .
,
,
.
.
.
“able” (Adjective) . ,
. “ /
”
.
“able” .
/ / .
.
Eat –
Able – /
Eatable – /
Love –
Able – /
Loveable – /
Use -
Able – /
Usable – /
Sale –
Able – /
Salable – /
.( .)
Grammar Patterns -1 26
.
1
.
. “ should”
”, ”, ”
(should) .
“+ able to”
.
“ ” (should be able to)
, ( )
.
.
am/is/are able to
was/were able to
may be able to
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + be + able + infinitive
I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + sould + be able + to do a job.
Negative
Subject + be + not + able + infinitive
I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + should + not + be able + to do a job
Question (Interrogative)
Be + subject + be able + infinitive
Should + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job?
2. + be able to
.
3.
“to” . (be able to has an infinitive form)
?
Yes, I should be able to speak perfect English very soon.
,
.
No, I shouldn’t be able to speak perfect English very soon.
,
.
10 .
.
Homework:
B.
10
.
. ,
?
? ( )
.
"
"
.
(Positive) ,
.
(Negative) ,
( )
:
5 things you shouldn't be able to buy on eBay.
5 .
( / )
/ .
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Grammar Patterns -1
.
26 .
27 .
.
27 Perfect Tense .
;
(Grammar Patterns of Perfect Tense)
.
( )
.
.
10 .
, 19
.
.
.
"Perfect Tense"
"Past Participle"
. "Irregular
verbs" .
: ?
“ ” “ ”
. “ ,
.”
“Present Perfect Tense”
.
:
I have visited.
.
( : , ,
)
.
.
Grammar Patterns 1 26
.
“Perfect Tense” Grammar Patterns 7 .
Grammar Patters 7
.
.
“Present Perfect Tense” "Present Perfect Simple Tense" .
.
"Past
Participle" .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
. (It is important
if we have done it in our lives or not. It is not important when we did it.)
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb (Past participle)
I/ You/ We/ They + have + done a job.
He/ She/ It + has + done a job.
(Auxiliary verb)
"Past participle" .
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb (Past participle)
I/ You/ We/ They + have + not + done a job.
He/ She/ It + has + not + done a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb (Past participle)
Have + I/ you/ we/ they + done a job?
Has + he/ she/ it + done a job?
25 .
.
. .
11. I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
.
Page 153 of 361
12. I have been to Mexico in the last year.
.
,
( ) .
( ) (He started living in America five years ago, and he's still living there
now.) .
.)
“ ”
.
.
.
.
?“
.”
(
.)
; .
.
. .
“ ! .” (
)
(
( ),
.( ))
Grammar Patterns 7 .
. ,
( ) .
( )
.)
:
Have you cooked lunch?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven‟t.
Ever
Never
Just
For
Since
Yet
(Short Forms)
I + have = I‟ve - ( )
You + have = you‟ve - ( )
We + have = we‟ve - ( )
They + have = They‟ve - ( )
He + has = He‟s - ( )
She + has = She‟s - ( )
It + has = It‟s - ( )
He + is = He‟s
She + is = She‟s
It + is = It‟s
?
.
"+ ing"
. "Present Perfect"
“Past Participle” .
Present Continuous
He is doing a job. - He‟s doing a job.
She is doing a job. - She‟s doing a job.
It is doing a job. - It‟s doing a job.
Present Perfect
He has done a job. - He‟s done a job. (Past participle)
She has done a job. - She‟s done a job. (Past participle)
It has done a job. - It‟s done a job. (Past participle)
.
.
,
" " .
“ ”
, “ ”
. “ ”
“ ” . “ ”
.
. :
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
.
.
I-
You – ( )
He -
She -
It -
We – ,
You - ( )
They - ,
:
Kennedy spoke about genocide war in Sri Lanka.
.
(“Kennedy” “He”
.)
Object Pronouns –
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
me –
you - ( )
him -
her –
it -
us – ,
you - ( )
them - ,
:
I love her
myself -
yourself -
himself -
herself -
itself -
ourselves – ,
yourselves -
themselves – ,
( / .)
Possessive Pronouns – ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
mine -
yours -
his -
hers -
its -
ours -
yours -
theirs – ,
my –
your –
his –
her -
its -
our –
your –
their - ,
:
This is our house.
.
(Possessive - Adjective)
Demonstrative Pronouns –
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
This – , ( )
That – , ( )
These – , ( )
Those – , ( )
:
This book is new but those books are old.
.
( book books
.)
who
whom
that
which
whoever
whomever
whichever
Interrogative Pronouns –
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Who -
What -
Where -
When -
Whom -
Which -
Whoever –
Whomever -
Whichever -
all – ,
another - ,
every -
any –
some – ,
nothing – ( )
several –
each –
many – ,
few -
Homework:
,
.
.
26 "Present Perfect"
. Present perfect Continuous
. Present Perfect Progressive
. “
” . “ ”
Grammar Patterns 01 64 .
.
, ,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
1. I /You/ We/ They + have + been + doing a job
2. He/ She/ It + has + been + doing a job.
"ing" .
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + verb with ing
1. I /You/ We/ They + have + not + been + doing a job
2. He/ She/ It + has + not + been + doing a job.
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
1. Have + I /you/ we/ they + been + doing a job?
2. Has + he/ she/ It + been + doing a job? (Auxiliary verbs)
.
.
.
. ?
" / ”
.
" / "
? .
"
“
” .
,
“ ” .
,
.
.
Page 167 of 361
" / "
.(
" / "
.)
“How long”
.
“for, since”
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( )
,
(for, since)
.
.
( ) .
.
(
.)
19. I have been looking for a summer holiday job for two weeks.
( )
.
21. I have been getting good results over the last few years.
6 .
Homework:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 He, She, It, You, We, They
.
. ;
(Short Forms)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Positive Short forms
. .
:
How long have you been studying English?
?
I've been studying English for four years.
.
For four years. - " ." .
(Signal words)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
since
for
all week
for days
lately
recently
over the last few months
How long
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
- 01
Grammar Patterns 01
28 . 29
. 29
"Past perfect Continuous" "Past Perfect
Progressive" . “
” “ ”
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + had + been + doing a job
“ ”
"ing"
.
Negative
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + verb with ing
I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + had + not + been + doing a job
Question (Interrogative)
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing
Had + I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + been + doing a job?
(Auxiliary verbs)
.
.
; , ,
, .
. .
Page 174 of 361
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Had you been doing a job?
/
?
Yes, I had been doing a job. (I‟d been)
, /
.
No, I had not been doing a job. (I‟d not been, I hadn‟t been)
, /
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. ?
" ”
? ?
“ ”
. (Past Perfect
Continuous to show that action started in the past and continued up until another time in the
past.)
; ? :
.
?
. ?
.
“ ”
( )
.
" "
.
?
.
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. I had been waiting there for more than 45 minutes.
45 .
2. I had been working for over an hour.
8. I had been talking with Mr. Obama for over half an hour
10. I had been waiting in the Hong Kong airport for two hours
I had been waiting in the airport for more than two hours when you arrived.
I had been talking with Mr. Obama for over half an hour before you arrived.
.(
.)
I had been learning English for two years before I left for America.
.(
.)
Page 177 of 361
Grandma wanted to sit down because she had been standing all day in the hospital.
.(
.)
Homework:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
He, She, It,
You, We, They .
.
,
.
(Signal words)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
since
for
all day
the whole day
How long
?
I had been doing a job for 12 months.
12 .(
)
(Short Forms)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Positive Short forms
(Diagram)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010 .
(Passive Voice)
.
, (Subject)
.
(Object)
.
Past Participle .
:
Sarmilan is doing a job.
.
! ;
(Grammar Patterns)
.
.
Passive Voice.mp3
1. It is done.
.
2. It is being done.
.
3. It was done.
.
5. It will be done.
.
7. It would be done.
.
9. It is not done.
.
18. It is to be done.
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. .
2. ,
.
3. , .
4. ( )
( , , ...)
5.
,
.
Page 183 of 361
(Passive Voice)
.
(
.)
.
(
.)
Navanethem Pillay was appointed as new United Nations High Commissioner for Human
Rights.
.
(
.)
5 2008 .
(2008 5
.)
.
(
.)
" "
.
,
.
Homework:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
. 47
;
47
. .
. ,
.
5. My wallet is stolen.
.
.
. Direct Object .
. Indirect Object .
Direct Object:
(Indirect
Object) .
,
.
.
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.( .)
1. (Passive Voice)
,
.
Grammar Patterns 01
.
2. (Main Verb)
"Past Participle"
. Irregular verbs .
3. -
.(
.)
2010 .
.
,
.
. ,
,
(URL)
.
" "
.
.
.
the, a, an
Definite Article –
Indefinite Articles –
(Define Article)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The
“ ”
. “ , ”
. (The)
.
The car.
( / )
The book.
( / )
; ( / ), ( / )
.
; ,
,
.
an
a car -
( ,
)
a book -
( . )
a beautiful girl -
( )
He is an Indian - .
( )
1. ,
" , " "a" .
, " , " "an"
. .
. (Use a/an - Vowels and Consonant)
"Article"
. " "
.
Article: ( )
Article: .( )
article: ( )
Article: , .
( + + )
.
.(
.)
" " ,
.
(one word)
I am staying at home.
I spoke to her on wednesday morning.
I bought this computer in the summer.
(a group of word)
. ,
(at home, on water),
(in it, next to me),
(noun phrase) (across from the tall building)
.
1. (Time Prepositions)
2. (Place Prepositions)
3. (Direction Prepositions)
.
" " .
(Prepositions of Time)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" "
, , ,
, . "
" .
"at" .
(a specific time)
"at" .
at 3 o'clock
at 9:00am
at noon
at dinnertime
at bedtime
at sunrise
at sunset
at the moment
at night
at midnight
at daybreak
at the weekend
at the same time
at present
at Chritmas/Easter
"in"
"in" (Months) .
in January
in February
in March
in April
in May
in June
in July
in Augest
Page 193 of 361
"in" (Season)
.
in Spring
in Summer
in Winter
in Autumn
(Articles) "the" .
"autumn" "the"
.
: "autumn" ,
"fall" .
"in" (Years) .
in 2008
in 1990
in 2009
.
last year
next year
every year
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
"on"
(Dates) "on" .
( , ,
"in"
.)
on January 3
on January 3, 2001
on 25 Dec. 2010
on 15th Augest 2009
on Sunday
on Monday
on Tuesday
on Wednesday
on Thursday
on Friday
on Saturday
on Saturday morning
on Sunday afternoon
on Monday evening
on Mother's day
on Velentine's day
on Christmas Eve/Day
on Independence Day
on New Year's Eve
on my birthday
on the first day of the school year
: "at Christmas"
. .
Page 195 of 361
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
" "
.
" "
.
"Prepositions of Place"
"Prepositions of Location" .
' '
. ("Place Prepositions" means where
someone or something is)
"in" ,
. (a place that
within boundaries)
:
in London -
" "
. .
.
on the wall -
on the table -
on the ceiling -
on the cover -
on the floor -
on the carpet -
on the menu -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" "
.
:
(at - in - on)
.
at home -
at work -
at school -
at university -
at college -
at the top - /
at the bottom -
at the side -
at reception -
in a car - ( )
in a taxi -
in a helicopter -
in a boat -
in a lift (elevator) -
in the newspaper -
in the sky -
in a row -
on a bus - ( )
on a train -
on a plane -
on a ship -
on a bicycle -
on a horse -
on the radio -
on television -
on the left -
on the right -
on the way -
" " .
.
.
next to
at the back of
at the top of
at the bottom of
in fornt of
in the corner of
in the middle of
on the left of
on the right of
on the corner of
on top of
on the side of
on the other side of
to the left of
to the right of
" "
01
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,
. (Different words same meaning)
,
near / by =
" "
.
next to / beside =
" "
.
"
"
.
below -
" " , .
under -
" " ,
.
above -
" " .
The baloon was high above our heads.
over -
" " ,
. " "
.
The girl is wearing scaf over her head.
.
.
.
.
.
, 19
,
. ,
20
.
! !
.
, , ,
,
.
.
?
!
?
"Excuse me"
( )
.
"please" ( )
. ,
, .
(Polite Language) :
It's midnight.
.( 12.00 )
, ,
.
, ,
, .
.
.(
.)
To be on time
.( / )
.
:
!
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ,
.
.
" ?"
. " ?"
.
.
.
,
,
.
, , ,
.
,
. ,
,
?
,
.
"Polite Form"
.
,
" , ,
, / / ,
, "
.
:
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to HSBC bank please?
Certainly, go straight along this road, take the first/second/third turning on the right,
HSBC bank is on your left/right/front.
, ,
.
,
.
.
Page 210 of 361
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to...please?
Go straight along this road/take the first turning on the right/...is on your left.
Thanks, you've been very helpful.
Don't mention it. Good luck.
/ "Excuse
me", "Sorry to interrupt"
.
"Giving Direction"
.
:
.
.
“ ”
. “
” .
,
.
" "
,
1 .
"Grammar Patterns"
.
, ,
(CAPITAL LETTERS)
. .
(Simple Letters) ,
1.
. (Capital letters are always used at the
beginning of a sentence.)
:
The car is running
I am looking for a job.
He doesn‟t understand.
Do you speak in English?
Where are you going?
2. , , , , , , ,
.
.
. "Abbreviation"
.
: : MBBS, LLB
: MGR, MRR
. .(
.)
" Abbreviation"
.
26 - 5,
- 21 .
Vowels Sound
aeiou=5
Consonant Sound
b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z = 21
/
a, an . "a"
? "an" ?
.
"a" .
I am a Sri Lankan
.
I am a student.
.
This is a car
.
This is a book.
.
He is a teacher.
.
a, e, i, o, u
/ "an"
.
I am an Indian
.
I am an English teacher
.
He is an old man
( ) .
.
.
a, e, i, o, u
‘a’ .
a user - „ ” “ ”
„a‟ . (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a
consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used)
a university - “ ” “ ”
.
a European country – „ ‟ „ ‟
. (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y'
sound)
‘an’ .
an honour - “ ‟ .
,
, ,
, 1
. "Grammar Patterns"
.
.
.
" "
; .
.
.
" "
.
Money
100
$150
£200
,
.
. , , ,
, , ,
,
,
" " (Abbreviations) .
1. .
2. .
3. .
" " .
.
.
. - AI - Amnesty International
GB – Great Britain
MP – Member of Parliament
CB - Criminal Bureau
CMW - Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of
Their Families
CRC - Committee on the Rights of the Child (Convention of the Rights of the Child)
CE – Civil Engineer
UN - United Nations
UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also known as LOS
UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
BA – Bachelor of Arts
BD – Bachelor of Divinity
BL – Bachelor of Law
BM – Bachelor of Medicine
DM – Doctor of Medicine
MA – Master of Arts
CD - Compact Disc
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD Re-Writable
'' "
" " .
.
,
.
kg - kilogram(s)
km - kilometer(s)
AC - Alternating Current
DC - Direct Current
Ltd - Limited
Acronyms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Acronyms" ?
"Acronyms"
.
;
. (In this case the first letters from each word actually form
another word)
,
" " .
. .
.
" ,
?"
."
. .
, ."
.
" ! .
.
,
. ,
."
- .
- .
, , - .
? .
SINGULAR -
.
.
, (Abbreviations)
.
, ,
AE - American English.
BC - British Council.
CEELT - Cambridge Examination in English for Language Teachers. (That tests the English
skills of non-native teachers of English.)
CEIBT - Certificate in English for International Business and Trade for advanced levels.
CPE - Certificate of Proficiency in English (The fifth and the most advanced of Cambridge's
series of exams. (Roughly comparable to a score of 600-650 on the TOEFL))
Page 230 of 361
CELTA - Certificate in English language teaching to adults.
ECCE - Exam for the Certificate of Competency in English. (Michigan University) - lower level
ECPE - Exam for the Certificate of Proficiency in English. (Michigan University) - higher level
ESP - English for Special Purposes (Business English, English for tourism, etc.)
KET - Key English Test. (The most elementary of Cambridge's series of exams.)
NATECLA - National Association for Teaching English and other Community Languages to
Adults. (UK)
OE - Old English.
SAT - Scholastic Assessment (Aptitude) Test. (Pre-university entrance exam in the USA.)
TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language. (The most common English language exam for
North American universities and colleges, also accepted by some British universities and
employers as proof of English proficiency.)
TOEIC - Test of English for International Communication. (The TOEIC (pronounced "toe-ick")
VE - Vocational English.
YLE - Young Learners English Tests. (Cambridge Examinations for young learners.)
" "
.
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
;
(Spoken English)
.
,
. ,
,
30 , 60 ,
.
.
. 464
.
. ; 30, 60
?
TOEFL, IELTS
,
,
.
; ,
,
.
'Abbreviations' 'Acronyms' .
----------------------------------------
2008 .
“Leap Year” .
366 .
365 .
28 .
29 .
."
?"
.
, 30 ?
31 ?
.
.
.
.
, , , 30 .
31 .( )
28 . 29 .
. :
1. Base Form
2. Gerund Form
3. Third Person Form
4. Past Form
5. Participle Form
"do" , do,
doing, does, did, done
.
.
.
Forms Verbs
Base Form do go speak play
Gerund Form doing going speaking playing
Third Person Form does goes speaks plays
Past Form did went spoke played
Participle Form done gone spoken played
1. "Base Form" .
;
" " (Word Stress) .
,
,
,
.
.
syllable
.
.
.
.
, syllable
.
. .
.
PHOtograph - f f .
.
phoTOgrapher - f f .
“ ” “TO” “ ”
.( “TO”
.
photoGRAPHic - f f
“ ” “ ” ,“ ”
.
,
, syllable .
.
.
TEACHer
JaPAN
CHIna
aBOVE
converSAtion
INteresting
imPOrtant
deMAND
etCETera
. . ;
,
,
,
.
(Pronunciations)
(Sentence Stress)
,
.
, .
.
“TEEN” ?
,
“ ” .
.
13 - thirTEEN
14 - fourTEEN
15 - fifTEEN
16 - sixTEEN
17 - sevenTEEN
18 - eighTEEN
19 - nineTEEN
"TEEN"
;
(Teenager)
.(
)
Early teens 13 – 15 .
Middle teens 15 – 17 .
Late teens 17 – 19 .
,
.
thirTEEN
“thir” “TEEN”
.
10 (Word Stress)
. (Sentence Stress)
.
? .
.
.
“ ?” .
.
.
;
,
.
( )
.
.
Content Words - ( )
Structure Words - (
.)
(Content Words)
.
.
I + GO + SCHOOL + BUS
,
, ( )
.
( ) :
Pronouns
It, his, her, we
Prepositions
At, in, on
Articles
A, an, the
Conjunctions
But, because, and
Auxiliary verbs
Is, are, be, can
Page 244 of 361
:
Main Verbs
GO, COME, GIVE
Nouns
SARMILAN, BUS, SCHOOL, ENGLISH
Adjectives
BLUE, SMALL, CLAVER
Adverbs
USUALLY, ACTUALLY, QUICKLY,
.
.
.
,
.
" "
?
>>>
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
"Cc"
.
"Bcc" .
"Cc, Bcc"
,
.
.
Cc - Carbon Copy
Bcc - Blind Carbon Copy
"RAM, PDF"
. ?
Computer Terms.mp3
.
,
. , , ,
; (Formal)
, (Informal)
, ,
.
" "
? !
.
01. Thanks
02. Thanks for . . .
03. Thanks for your . . .
04. Thanks to . . .
05. Thanks a lot
06. Thanks a lot for . . .
07. Thanks so much
08. Thanks very much
09. Thank you
10. Thank you for . . .
11. Thank you kindly
12. Thank you for your . . .
13. Thank you so much
14. Thank you very much
15. Thank you very much for . . .
16. Thank you very much for your . . .
17. I can't thank you enough
18. I don't know how to thank you
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, " ?" ;
" " . (A
polite way of accepting sth that sb has offered you.)
Thanks a lot.
Thanks a bunch.
Thanks a million.
Thanks a billion.
Thanks a bundle.
English polite forms
Thanks a lot for your help.
Thanks a lot for all you‟ve done.
Thank you.
Thank you, Mr. Obama.
Thank you, Sir John.
Thank you, Good question.
Shall I do that?
Can I help you?
(Polite way) :
"
!"
(Informal)
.
I don't know how to thank you.
I don't know how to thank you for your help.
I don't know how to thank you for your great service.
" "
. (Informal)
I can't thank you enough.
I can't thank you enough for your kindness.
I can't thank you enough for your kind consideration.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for . . .
Thanks for your . . .
Thanks very much for . . .
.
"so much / very much"
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,
.
.
Thank you for your kind help.
You're welcome.
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, ,
. .
Thanks - ( Thank)
Thank you. - ( Thanks you)
Thanks a lot. - ( Thank you a lot)
Thank God it‟s Friday. - ( Thanks God …)
Thank you very much indeed. - ( Thank you indeed.)
Page 255 of 361
100 .
.
Thank you for . . .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01. Thank you for accepting our invitation
02. Thank you for accommodating
03. Thank you for acknowledgement
04. Thank you for agreeing
05. Thank you for agreeing to participate
06. Thank you for answering
07. Thank you for applying
08. Thank you for appreciation
09. Thank you for appreciating my work
10. Thank you for appointment letter
11. Thank you for appreciation letter
12. Thank you for arguing
13. Thank you for arguing summary
14. Thank you for arranging the interview
15. Thank you for asking
16. Thank you for assisting
17. Thank you for attending our wedding
18. Thank you for attending seminar
19. Thank you for attending interview
20. Thank you for auditioning
21. Thank you for award speech
22. Thank you for baptism
23. Thank you for barring with me
24. Thank you for being a friend
25. Thank you for birthday wishes
26. Thank you for birthday wishes comments
27. Thank you for blessing me
28. Thank you for booking with us
29. Thank you for bringing to our attention
30. Thank you for business meeting
31. Thank you for buying our product.
32. Thank you for calling me
33. Thank you for celebrating my birthday
34. Thank you for celebrating our wedding
35. Thank you for choosing our hotel
36. Thank you for clicking
37. Thank you for clapping
38. Thank you for clarifying
39. Thank you for clients
40. Thank you for coming to my party
41. Thank you for considering my application
42. Thank you for condolences
43. Thank you for contacting
44. Thank you for coming into my life
45. Thank you for dedication
46. Thank you for dedication and hard work
47. Thank you for defending our country
48. Thank you for dinner party
Page 256 of 361
49. Thank you for dinner invitation
50. Thank you for donation
51. Thank you for downloading our lessons
52. Thank you for donation to charity
53. Thank you for doing business with us
54. Thank you for driving carefully
55. Thank you for everything
56. Thank you for electing me
57. Thank you for employing me
58. Thank you for emailing me
59. Thank you for encouraging me
60. Thank you for enquiry letter
61. Thank you for eulogy
62. Thank you for explaining
63. Thank you for expressing interest
64. Thank you for excellent work
65. Thank you for facilitating
66. Thank you for feedback
67. Thank you for firing me
68. Thank you for flying with us
69. Thank you for forgiving me
70. Thank you for following up
71. Thank you for forwarding my resume
72. Thank you for funeral support
73. Thank you for good service
74. Thank you for greeting me
75. Thank you for great service
76. Thank you for guiding
77. Thank you for helping me
78. Thank you for inviting me
79. Thank you for joining
80. Thank you for job opportunity
81. Thank you for job application
82. Thank you for my birthday present
83. Thank you for not smoking
84. Thank you for new year wishes
85. Thank you for our wedding gift
86. Thank you for offering me the position
87. Thank you for participating in our event
88. Thank you for quotation
89. Thank you for quick response
90. Thank you for registering
91. Thank you for recommendation
92. Thank you for replying
93. Thank you for remembering
94. Thank you for remembering my birthday
95. Thank you for sending your photo
96. Thank you for sending your resume
97. Thank you for teaching English
98. Thank you for understanding
99. Thank you for using our service
100. Thank you for visiting our aangilam.blogspot.com
"English Alphabet" 26 .
" " " "
.
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
26 (vowels) ,
(consonants) .
:aeiou
:bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz
26 " "( )
" "( )
.
Aa
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
Vv
Xx
Yy
Zz
. ,
?
?
, ,
?
.
, 26
. .
! 26
? 26
?
?
"Pangram"
. (A pangram is a sentence that contains every letter of the
alphabet.) "Pangram"
. :
: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/138
44
; "The"
. "The"
,
.
“ ” ,
”
.
.
The apple
The ball
The computer
The dog
The elephant
The fish
The great Tamil scholar
The higher education
The hill
The honest woman
The honorable man
The hours
The house
The independent newspaper
The jam bottle
The kinder garden
The laptop
The map
The national park
The one
The orange
The picture
The Quran
The restaurant
The student
The tournament
The ugly fruit
The umbrella
The United States
The university
The vote
The world map
The x files
The young ones
The zone
(Consonants)
b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z = 21
(Vowels)
aeiou=5
, "The - "
, "The - "
.
.
,
,
.
"The - "
.
The ball
The computer
The dog
The fish
The great Tamil scholar
The higher education
The hill
The house
The jam bottle
The kinder garden
The laptop
The map
Page 261 of 361
The national park
The one
The picture
The Quran
The restaurant
The student
The tournament
The united states
The university
The vote
The world map
The young ones
The zone
"The - "
.
The apple.
The elephant.
The honest woman.
The honorable man.
The hours.
The independent news paper.
The orange.
The ugly fruit.
The umbrella.
The x files.
The Article
. , ,
, ,
.
,
?
SET
, "Set" 464
. ("SET" has 464 definitions in the
Oxford English Dictionary.)
.
RUN - 396
GO - 368
TAKE - 343
STAND - 334
GET - 289
TURN - 288
PUT - 268
FALL - 264
STRIKE - 250
“have, has”
.
.
,
" "
.
I have a computer.
.( )
He has a computer.
.
It has a computer.
.
We have a computer.
.( )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do we have a computer?
Yes, we have a computer.
No, we don’t have a computer.
"have vs has" .
//I have a doubt in using Have / Has in some places, could you please clarify me.
I have done / he has done / kumar has done - i am OK with this
now my doubt is how to use have /has in the following situations & why?
...
School have changed a lot - should i use have/ has?
. "school" , "It"
" "
. "has" .
his poem has selected for the first prize - should i use have/ has?
"poem" "it"
.
.
his poems has selected for the first prize - should i use have/ has?
"poems" .
"have" .
. "Students"
"have" .
.
. ? :
Who asked?
? .
,
.
(Passive Voice)
(Grammar Patterns of Perfect Tense)
(have/ have got)
(Grammatical Person in English)
,
"homophone words" .
" " .
To
Two
Too
. ,
.
"To" .
(homophone words)
,
,
.
.
.
(List of homophones)
.
Tweedledum: ,
" "
. (two people or things that are not different from each other.)
“like”
. ,
.
Like
Like /
, "Yes, I do." ;
"Yes, I like." .
:
What + (be) + noun + like? .
"be" ,
"like" ,
" " " " .
:
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
,
, (noise)
.
"Listen" .
,
"hear"
.
Hear = (
.)
Listen = ( ) ( ,
.)
" " .
I listen to news.
.
I listen to it.
.
:
Listen + to .
;
(hear) .
.
, (hear)
;
(listen) .
" ,
." .
" " hearing ; listening
.
...
“Date” “ ” .
“ ” ,
“ ”
.
. “date”
“Day” ,
“Day” “ ” . Date, Day
" "
. “Date” “ ”
.
“Day” .
Day ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Day" 24
" " . .
" " .
Today - /
Tomorrow - /
Day after tomorrow - /
Yesterday - /
Day before Yesterday -
Another day -
Midday - / ( )
Midnight - ( )
Next day -
Sunny day -
Rainy day -
Lovely day - /
Winter day -
Summer day -
Day to day -
Day to day work - /
Day to day activities -
Day by day - /
"Days" :
Coming days -
Working days -
Office days -
School days -
Three days before -
Nowadays -
One of these days -
One of those days -
“week”
.
“ ” .
,
,
.
"day" ( )
.
Page 276 of 361
Sunday - /
Monday - /
Tuesday - /
Wednesday - /
Thursday - /
Friday - /
Saturday - /
Weekdays - ( )
Weekend days - / ( , )
(Special days)
, . :
Date ( )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Date" " " .
, .
" "
.
Date -
Dateless -
Date seal -
Page 277 of 361
Date of birth -
Fix a date -
Set a date -
Date of arrival -
Closing date -
Date of renewal -
After date - ( )
Base date -
Date of departure -
Out of date -
Expiry date -
At a future date -
Day Date
, "What day is it today?"
.
. .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ /
/ / . " " .
/ /
.
,
. .
8/12/2010 - ( )
2010 .
8/12/2010 - ( )
12 2010 .
, , "
" . ,
,
.
a, an, the
.
Common Nouns
No: Common Nouns
1 actor
2 actresssuhashuhasi
3 student
4 river
5 holiday
6 religion
7 month
8 day
9 boy
10 girl
11 school
12 car
13 store
14 shop
15 language
16 dog
18 man
19 coffeeshop
20 waiter
21 jeans
22 mobile
23 book
24 building
25 country
Proper Nouns
, ,
"
" .
1 Kamalahasan
2 Suhashini
3 Sarmilan
4 Mississippi river
5 4th of July
6 Hindu
7 November
8 Monday
9 Sarmilan
10 Tamilovia
13 Pandian store
14 Wal-Mart -
15 Tamil
16 Puppy
17 Chennai
18 Uruththiran
19 Starbuks
20 Peter
21 Levi's
22 Nokia
23 Thirukkural
24 IFC Tower
25 Hong Kong
.
,
.
, ,
, , , ,
' '
.
" " ,
" " .
.
(Nouns)
.
I/We/They He/She/It
apply applies
come comes
bring brings
begin begins
drive drives
do does
draw draws ( ) ,
drink drinks
eat eats
forget forgets
feel feels
fight fights
fly flies
give gives
get gets /
go goes
have has
keep keeps
know knows
lie lies
look looks
meet meets
ride rides
play plays
put puts
say says
sell sells
send sends
shake shakes
sing sings
speak speaks
spit spits
steal steals
take takes
tell tells
think thinks
understand understands
wear wears /
write writes
watch watches
He speaks in English.
.
She speaks in English.
.
It speaks in English.
.
Grammar Patterns 2 .
Try - tries
Worry - worries
do - does
go - goes
'have' 'has' .
have - has
He , She
, It
( )
s, es
.
,
. .
Countable Nouns -
1 bookbookbookbookbook
2 applesshuhashishi
3 dog
4 cat
5 animal
6 man
7 person
8 bottle
9 box
10 coin
11 computer
12 shirt
13 trouser
14 cup
15 plate
16 spoon
17 fork
18 table
19 chair
21 carton
22 bowl
23 calendar
24 house
25 people
: .
,
? , , ,
? !
“ ” .
book – books
apple – apples
My dog is playing.
My dogs are playing.
, (a/
an) . (We can use the
indefinite article a/an with countable nouns)
My wife is a Doctor.
Sarmilan is an English Teacher.
, ,
“ , , , ” (Some,
any, a few, may)
. (We can use some, any, a few, many with countable nouns.)
Uncountable Nouns -
“
” . (Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.)
“Mass Nouns” .
:
No: Uncountable Nouns
1 adviceadviceadviceadvice
2 bread sshuhashishi
3 rice /
4 sugar
5 sand
6 flour ( )
7 powder
8 dust
9 jelly /
10 oil
11 water
12 juice
13 milk
14 gas
15 butter
16 music
17 furniture
18 coffee
19 wet
20 messy
22 knowledge
23 electricity
24 power
25 news
Milk –
. ,
,
. , ,
.
.
a liter of milk
a bottle of milk
.
?
: .
. .
a glass of water – ( )
two glass of water – ( )
three glass of water – ( )
? “
” , ,
.
.
.
a glass of water
a bottle of wine
a spoon of sugar
a jug of water
a slice of cheese
a chunk of cheese
a piece of cheese
a piece of meat
a slice of meat
a pound of meat
a bar of butter
a bottle of ketchup
a tube of mustard
a kilo of rice
a plate of rice
. ?
. , ,
, .
.
( ,
.)
.
.
1. , (a/ an)
. (They do not take a/an before them.)
2.
. .
. “ ”
(two coffees) , “ ”
. “
”
. (Here coffees refers to the number of cups of coffee.)
.
, .
.
4.
. (Some
uncountable nouns in English are countable in other languages including Tamil. )
.
.
Accommodation -
advice -
baggage –
bread -
equipment -
furniture -
garbage -
information -
knowledge -
luggage -
money -
news -
progress -
research -
travel -
work -
– ,
- , – , – ,
– , – , – ,
– , – , – , –
, – , – ,
– , –
.
.
(Types of Nouns)
.
?
" " .(
.)
!
.
,
.
, , ,
, .
.
,
.
.
(.,;;'?""!''-_/\&#*()[]{}<>) ;
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
!
.
.
. ,
,
.
Colon :
Semicolon ;
Comma ,
Apostropheaangilam.blog '
Hyphen -
Underscore _
Underline
Question Mark ?
Exclamation Mark !
Forward slash /
Backslash \
Pound sign #
Page 296 of 361
Ampersand/and / &
Asterisk *
Ellipsis ...
Brackets (){}[]<>
" "
;
.
, .
.
.
.
“ ” . "
" .
"Apostrophe" . .
01.
.
My sister's pen.
.
"student's" "s"
.
"Student's"
" " ( )
.
" "( )
.
02. .
I am = I’m
He is = He’s
She is = She’s
It is = Its
We are = We’re
They are = They’re
You are = You’re
It‟s It is
It‟s It was
It‟s been It has been .
“ ” "Its"
( )
.
I would I had
“I’d” .
03.
1942 ‘42
The summer of ’87 (1987)
" / "
.
04. ,
,
,
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
"Aristophanes of Byzantium"
,
,
( )
.
(·) .
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
.
“ ”
.
,
. 19
.
1.
,
.
2. ,
, .
(Separate the elements in a list of three or more items.)
“and” .
,
"and"
.
We need to buy books, magazines, video cassettes, and other learning materials for our library.
4.
. (Between three or more adverbs.)
5.
, "and" . "and"
. (For two adjectives.)
6.
.(To separate the three digits of numbers over 999.)
5,527
3,983,849
89,883,000
,
.
$4.49
HK$8,550.00
; .
8. .(
.)
, ,
. (Don't use a comma if only two elements of the date.)
9. ,
.
.
(Indirect speech) ,
.
11.
"please" .
"Please"
.
12. , ,
,
" " (Tag Questions) .
.
14. "Sincerely"
.
. .
Sincerely,
Sincerely
Page 306 of 361
15.
(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
. (before a coordinating conjunction to join two independent
clauses.)
,
.
16. ,
Sarmilan, the most intelligent student in the class, is always late for school.
The Peruvudaiyar Temple, one of the wonders of the ancient world, is in Tamil Nadu.
Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft, was the developer of the operating system known as Windows.
17. ,
. (To separate introductory elements.)
As the year came to end, I realised the days were getting shorter.
Rushing to catch the bus, she forgot to take her money purse.
Having mastered the use of the comma, it is important to make it work for you in your writing.
18.
.(
. (obviously, however, unfortunately, in face,
surprisingly))
19. ,
.
.
.
,
.
.
!
.
"colon" .
.
.
01.
,
:
Sarmilan is a good English teacher; he teaches very easily.
Some people write with a word processor; others write with a pen or pencil.
02. " ,
, , " (therefore, however, otherwise, therefore, in addition,
on the other hand) ,
.
:
Sarmilan is a good English teacher; therefore, he teaches very easily.
Kavitha drives a car all week; in addition, she drives a bus at the weekends.
You should always eat healthily; otherwise, you might get ill.
03.
(comma) .
,
The honorary key note speakers were Dr. Swaminathan, India; Dr. Rand, United Kingdom;
Dr. Brandt, Germany and Dr. Roger, Australia.
Some of the most well-known cities in the United States include Chicago, Illinois; New York
City, New York; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Los Angeles, California.
04. ,
.
:
int main(void)
{
int x, y;
x = 1;
y = 2;
std::cout <<>
"Aldus Manutius"
.
1560 . 1591
.
"Ben Johnson"
.
,
.
.
.
; ,
.
: ,
; ,
; ,
.
!
.
(Punctuation Marks)
(colon)
(semi-colon)
" " .
(:) .
"colon" .
.
,
, ,
,
.
01. ,
,
,
.
The compass had four directions: north, south, east and west.
The plans include the following: writing, implementing and evaluating information.
Remember what the declaration of independence says: "All men are created equal".
The car was beautifully painted: it had a union jack on its roof and stripes down each side.
"A boy can learn a lot from a dog: obedience, loyalty, and the importance of turning around
three times before lying down."
02.
.
03. ;
Genesis 17: 26 ( )
Sura 65:04 ( )
04. , ,
.
05. ,
" " ,
, .
" "
.
http://aangilam.blogspot.com
, , ,
:)
:\
:3
D:
:D
:O
:x
:P
:B
!
.
.
"Full stop" ,
"Full point" .
"Period" .
01. .
02. (Abbreviations)
.
Jan.
e.g.
a.m.
p.m.
etc.
03. ,
" "
. " " .
"dot" .
aangilam.blogspot.com
arunhk.infoATgmail.com
08.07.2010
;
"。" . (Chinese and Japanese, a small circle is used instead of a solid dot:
"。")
. (Urdu uses ")"۔
. ,
.
,
. .
,
. ,
, , ,
,
.
.
635
.(
)
1. Access
2. Accuracy
3. Action
4. Activate
5. Active cell
6. Active file
7. Activity
9. Adaptor
10. Address
13. Addressing
14. Administrator
15. Album
17. Algorithm
18. Alignment
19. Allocation
21. Alphabet /
22. Alphabetical
23. Alphanumeric
24. Ambiguation
25. Amplified
27. Analog
29. Animation
30. Anonymous
31. Anti-virus /
32. Appearance
33. Append
34. Applet
41. Application
42. Architecture
45. Archive
46. Archiving
48. Arithmetic
50. Array
53. Assembler
56. Audio
60. Automatic
67. Axes
68. Back up /
69. Background
70. Backspace
75. Basic
77. Beta
88. Bit
89. Bitmap
93. Blanking
94. Block
98. Blogger
100. Blogging
101. Bookmark
102. Boot
103. Border
104. Branching
105. Bridge
106. Broadband
107. Browser
108. Browsing
109. Buddy
110. Bug
112. Bus
113. Cache
114. Calculating
115. Calculation
117. Calculator
118. Cancel
119. Capacity
121. Catalog
122. Category
123. CD burning
125. Center /
129. Change /
130. Channel
131. Character
137. Chart
138. chat
139. Checkbox
140. Chips
141. Clear
142. Click
143. Clipboard
144. Close
147. Collection
150. Color /
152. Column
154. Command /
155. Comment / /
158. Common
167. Compare
168. Comparison
169. Compilation
170. Compiler
172. Component
173. Compress /
185. Computer
186. Computerization
189. Computing
190. Condition /
191. Configuration
192. Connectors
193. Console
194. Constants
196. Contributions
197. Contributor /
205. Conversion
206. Convert
207. Cookie
209. Copy /
216. Create
217. Crop
219. Cursor
222. Customize /
223. Cut
224. Cyber
225. Dashboard
226. Data
230. Database
234. Decimal
235. Decode /
236. Decompress
237. Default /
238. Definite /
239. Delete
241. Description /
242. Design
244. Desktop
245. Destination
246. Developer
247. Device
248. Diagram
249. Digital
250. Disambiguated /
251. Disambiguation /
252. Discovery /
253. Discuss
256. Distribute /
257. DNS
[( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
258. Document
259. Documentation
260. Domain /
263. Download
264. Drag
265. Driver
269. E-book
270. Edit /
272. Editor
274. Effective
275. Effects
276. E-governance -
278. Electronic
279. E-mail
280. Embedded
281. Emulation
282. Encoding
283. Encyclopedia
284. End
285. Equation
286. Erase
287. Eraser
289. Expiry /
293. FAQ
294. Features
295. Field
296. File
300. Find /
301. Firewall
302. Firmware
306. Folder
307. Font
310. Footer
312. Format /
313. Formatting
314. Formula
316. Function /
317. Gallery
318. Gateway
322. Graphic /
323. Group
324. Guest
329. Hardware
330. Header
335. Home
336. Homepage
339. Hyphenation
340. Icon /
341. Identity
342. iDNS
343. iDomain
344. Ignore
345. Image
346. Import
347. Incompatible
348. Indefinite
349. Index
351. Information
356. Insert /
357. Install
358. Installation
363. Interests
364. Interface /
365. Internal
367. International
369. Internet
373. Interpreter /
374. Invalid /
375. Invention
377. Iteration
379. Key
380. Keyboard /
381. Keypad
382. Keyword
383. Landscape
385. Layout
LCD Monitor (Liquid Crystal
386.
Display)
387. Left click
389. License
391. Line /
392. Link /
393. List
394. Live
395. Log in /
403. Management /
405. Media
408. Memory
409. Menu
410. Metadata
412. Microphone
Page 331 of 361
413. Modem
414. Moderation
415. Moderator
416. Monetize
417. Monitor /
419. Motherboard
420. Mouse
421. Multimedia
422. Multitasking
423. My account
425. Navigation
426. Negative
427. Network /
428. Networking
431. Non-terminals
432. Notation
433. Note
434. Number
435. Numeral
436. Object
437. Offline /
438. Online
440. Option
443. Outsourcing
444. Package
445. Packets /
448. Page
449. Panel
451. Paragraph
454. Password
455. Paste
456. Patch
457. Peripherals
458. Permission
460. Photograph
461. Picture
462. Piracy
463. Plug in /
464. Pointer
466. Portal
467. Post
468. Posting
469. Posts
470. Preferences
472. Press
473. Preview
474. Principals
475. Print
476. Printer
477. Privacy /
478. Problem /
479. Processor
480. Program
481. Programmers
483. Prompt
484. Protect
486. Protocols
489. Publications
490. Publish /
491. Publisher
492. Publishing
493. Query /
498. Redirects
499. Redo /
501. Reference
502. Refresh
503. Reinstall
504. Release
505. Remember me
506. Removal
507. Remove
508. Replace
509. Reprogramming
510. Required /
511. Reset
512. Restore /
513. Result
514. Review
515. Revision /
517. Root
519. Router
520. Row /
521. Rule /
522. Save
523. Save as
524. Scanner
525. Screensaver
526. Search /
530. Section
532. Select
533. Sensor
534. Server
535. Sessions
536. Setting
539. Shareware
540. Shortcut /
542. Shutdown /
543. Sign in /
549. Socket
550. Software
556. Source
557. Space /
559. Spam
560. Speaker
562. Specification
564. Split
565. Spooler
566. Spreadsheet
567. Standard /
568. Standardisation
569. Stats
572. Stub
573. Subtitle
574. Suffix
576. Support
578. Sysop
581. System
582. Tab
583. Technology
584. Template
585. Terminal
590. Theme
591. Theory
592. Thesis
594. Title
595. Toolbar
597. Transistor
598. Trash
599. Uncategorized
600. Undo /
601. Unit
602. Update
603. Upgrade /
604. Upload
605. URL ( )
606. User
609. Utility
610. Vandalism
611. Variable /
612. Version
614. Video /
617. Viewer
619. Virus
620. Visitor
623. Volume
625. Watch
626. Website
627. Window
628. Wireless
630. Wizard
633. Worksheet
634. Workstation
.
.
Application =
Application =
Architecture =
Home =
.
.
.
.
"Blog = , , , "
" " .
"Comment = , , , "
,
" , " .
.
.
,
.
" "
Page 340 of 361
" " . "The great King"
"Emperor"
.
;
"Maharaja"
.
,
.
Google =
Yahoo =
= Maharaja (Organization Limited)
. "Branching =
, Customize = (
)" .
, .
Moderation =
Post =
Comment = /
System =
Domain =
. .
, .
.
.
. : http://valavu.blogspot.com/
:
: ,
. ,
.
,
.
No: English
1 Head
2 Eyes
3 Ears
4 Cheek
5 Nose
6 Mouth
7 Neck
8 Nipple
8A Shoulder /
9 Chest /
9A Rib ( )
10 Breast ( )
11 Arm
12 Elbow
13 Abdomen
15 Groins
16 Wrist
17 Palm
18 Fingers
19 Vegina/Vulva /
20 Penis
20A Testicle/scrotum
21 Thigh
22 Knee
23 Calf
24 Leg
25 Ankle
26 Foot
27 Toes
No: English
28 Wrist
29 Palm
30 Thumb
31 Little Finger
32 Ring Finger
33 Middle Finger
34 Index Finger
35 Knee
36 Calf
37 Leg
38 Lowerleg
39 Ankle
Page 344 of 361
40 Toes
41 Toenails ( )
42 Foot
43 heel
44 Fist ( )
45 Nail
46 Knuckle
47 Muscle
48 Skin
49 Hair
50 Forehead
51 Eyebrow
52 Eyelash /
52A Eyelid / /
53 Eyeball
54 Nose /
55 Nostril /
56 Face
57 Chin
58 Adam's apple ( )
59 Mustache
60 Beard
61 Lip
62 Uvula
63 Throat
64 Molars
65 Premolars
66 Canine /
67 incisors
69 Tongue
No: English
70 Belly ( )
71 Back
72 Backbone
73 Rib bone
74 Buttock /
75 Anus/asshole
76 Skull /
77 Muscular
78 Nerve
79 Endocrine
80 Hip
81 Lung
82 Heart
83 Kidney
84 Brain
,
.
, .
" "
" " .
,
.
,
( ) .
,
.
List of Provisions...
1 Acorus calamus
2 Almondsuhashuhasi
3 Anise seed /
4 Asafetida
5 Basil leaves
6 Bay leaves
7 Bishop‟s weed
8 Black cumin
9 Black pepper
10 Butter
12 Capsicum
13 Cardamom
14 Cashew nut
15 Cheese
16 Chili powder
17 Chilies ( )
18 Cinnamon Sticks
19 Cloves
20 Coconut milk
21 Coriander leaves
22 Coriander powder
23 Crumb powder
24 Cubes
25 Cumin
26 Curds
27 Curry leaves
30 Dried chilies /
31 Dried ginger
33 Dried shrimp
34 Fennel
35 Fenugreek
36 Gallnut
37 Garlic ,
38 Ghee
39 Gingelly oil
42 Green cardamom
43 Green chilli
45 Honey
46 Jaggery
47 Lemon
48 Lemongrass /
49 Lemongrass powder
50 Licorice
51 Long pepper /
52 Mace
53 Milk
54 Mint leaves
55 Musk
56 Mustard
57 Nigella-seeds
58 Nutmeg
59 Oil
60 Onion
61 Palm jiggery
62 Pepper
63 Phaenilum
Pithecellobium dulce
64
(Madras thorn)
65 Poppy
66 Raisin
67 Red chilli
68 Rolong
Page 349 of 361
69 Rose water
70 Saffron
71 Sago
72 Salad onion
73 Salt
74 Sarsaparilla
75 Small chilli
76 Small onion
77 Star anise
78 Sugar
79 Tail pepper
80 Tamarind
81 Tomato
82 Turmeric
83 Turmeric powder
84 Vermicelli
85 Vinegar ( )
86 White onion
1.
Cumin seeds -
Black pepper seeds -
2.
Cinnamon sticks - /
3.
Coriander leaves
Curry leaves
Leaf –
Leaves –
“Leaves” " "
. "
, "
.
4.
" "
,
, " + = "
.
" "
. .
. .
.
,
.
List of Fruits.mp3
1 Apple ,
2 Ambarella
3 Annona
4 Annona muricata
5 Apricot
6 Avocado /
7 Banana
8 Batoko Plum
9 Bell fruit ,
10 Bilberry
11 Blackberry
12 Black currant
13 Blueberry
14 Bread fruit ,
15 Butter fruit
16 Cantaloupe
17 Cashew fruit ,
18 Cherimoya
20 Chickoo
21 Citron
22 Citrus aurantium
23 Citrus reticulata
24 Citrus sinensis
25 Clementine
26 Cocoa fruit
27 Cranberry
28 Cucumber
29 Custard apple
30 Damson
31 Date fruit
32 Devilfig
33 Dragon fruit
34 Duku
35 Durian ,
36 Emblica
Eugenia
37
rubicunda
Feijoi/Pinealle
38
guava
39 Fig
40 Persimmon fruit
41 Gooseberry
42 Grapefruit
43 Grapes ,
44 Guava
45 Honeydew melon
46 Huckle berry ( )
48 Jumbu fruit /
49 Jamun fruit
50 Kiwi fruit
51 Kumquat ( )
52 Kundang
53 Lansium
54 Lemon
55 Lime
56 Loganberry
57 Longan
58 Louvi fruit
59 Lychee
60 Mandarin
61 Mango
62 Mangosteen
63 Melon ,
64 Morus macroura
65 Mulberry
66 Muscat grape
67 Orange
68 Palm fruit
69 Papaya
70 Passion fruit
71 Peach
72 Pear ,
73 Pine apple
74 Plum
75 Pomegranate ,
Page 354 of 361
76 Pomelo
77 Pulasan ( )
78 Quince
79 Rambutan
80 Rasberry
81 Red banana
82 Red Currant
83 Sapodilla
84 Satsuma
Sour sop/
85
Guanabana
86 Strawberry
87 Syzygium
88 Tamarillo
89 Tamarind
90 Tangerine
91 Tomato
92 Ugli fruit
93 Water melon , ,
94 Wax jumbu
95 Resberry
96 Woodapple
.
.
/ .
Lychee - ( .
" Lychee"
. "Mandarin"
.
(
) ,
. "Mandarin"
.
? . "Apple"
, ,
.
" " .
.
?
- , , ,
, , , Fruits Tamil Glossary, 96 Fruit Names, Names of Fruits
in Tamil and English, Glossary of Modern Tamil Names of Fruits
!
.
.
1 Alfalfa Sprouts
2 Artichoke
3 Arugula
4 Asparagus
5 Aubergines/Eggplant
6 avocado
7 Bamboo Shoots
8 Bean Sprouts
9 Beet Greens
/
10 Beetroot
12 Bitter Gourd /
13 Bitter Cucumber
Bok Choi/ Chinese
14
Cabbage
15 Borlotti Beans
16 Bottle Gourd
17 bread fruit /
18 Brinjal /
19 Brocoli ( )
23 Cabbage
24 Caigua
25 Carrot
26 Cassava/ Tapioca
27 Cauliflower /
28 Celery
29 Celtuce
30 Ceylon Spinach
31 Chayote
32 Cherry Tomatoes
33 Cilantro/ Coriander
34 Cluster Beans
35 Collards
36 Cress
37 Cucumber
38 Daikon radish
39 Endive ( )
41 Fiddlehead
42 Florence Fennel
43 Flowering Cabbage ( )
44 French bean ( )
48 Haricot Beans
49 Drum stick /
Page 358 of 361
50 Ironbark Pumpkin
Kai-Lan
52 Kale
53 Kohlrabi
54 Kohlrabi Purple ( )
55 Kohila
57 Leeks
58 Lettuce
59 Lettuce Red ( )
60 Lotus root
61 Marrow ( )
62 Minikin Pumpkin
63 Mint
64 Mizuna
65 Pak Choi
66 Parsley
67 Pasnips
68 Parwal
69 Plantain
70 Potato
/
71 Pumpkin
/
73 Red Carrot
74 Radish
75 Rainbow Chard
76 Ridge Gourd/Luffa /
77 Ribbed Courd /
79 Romanesco Broccoli
80 Samphire
81 Savoy Cabbage
82 Shallot
84 Snake Gourd
85 Snow Pea
86 Solanum/ Tinda
Solanum torvom/ Pea
87
aubergines
88 Squash
89 Spaghetti Squash ( )
90 Spinach
91 Sweet Potato /
92 Banana Flower /
93 Tatsoi
94 Tomato
95 Tomato Cherry
96 Tomato Hybrid
97 Turnip
98 Water Chestnut
Water Spinach/ Kang
99
Kung
100 Wax bean / )
105 Zucchini
, ,
.
.
,
.
. ,