TOPIC- LIME

PRESENTED TO:-
PRO.SUBHRAJEET SIR
PRO.JITENDRA SIR
PRO.PRABHAT SIR
`` B.ARCH 1ST SEMESTER 1ST YEAR
2018-19
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE LUCKNOW
PRESENTED BY:-
1. ARPIT AGARWAL
2. AYUSH AGARWAL
3. KULDEEP YADAV
4. MANISH RAWAT
What Is LIME?
Lime Is A Very Important Building Material. It Has Been In Use Since Ancient
Times. I
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Egyptions Used To Use Lime For Plastering Work And Romans For
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Plastering,mortar, And Concrete Works, In India,there Are Numerous R
Historical Constructions. O
It Can Be Combined With Aggregate Sand Water To Produce A Mortar Or
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Plaster On Filuted With Water And Used For Limewashing.As Ex-the Egyption
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Pyramids,the Collosseum In Rome And Great Wall China Etc. T
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HISTORY-
Since The Invention And Widesperead Use Of Portland Cement From Mid
1800s. I
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Nobody Knows Exactly When Humans First Discovered Lime. Perhaps Ancient T
Occupants Of Earth Used Limestone Rock To Protect Their Fireplaces. Fire R
Heated The Rocks And The First Burnt Lime Was Created. O
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The Ancient People Who U
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Lived In The Area That Is
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Now Jordan, Made A Plaster I
From Lime And Unheated O
Crushed Limestone To N
Cover Walls, Floors And 02
Hearths In Their Homes.
Lime Is A Calcium-containing Inorganic Mineral In Which Oxides,
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And Hydroxides Predominate. In The Strict Sense Of The Term, Lime Is Calcium
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Oxide Or Calcium Hydroxide. M
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The Rocks And Minerals From Which These Materials Are Derived, Typically
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Limestone Or Chalk, Are Composed Primarily Of Calcium Carbonate. S
They May Be Cut, Crushed, Or Pulverized And Chemically Altered. I
Burning (Calcination) Converts Them Into The Highly Caustic T
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Material Quicklime (Calcium Oxide, Cao) And, Through Subsequent Addition
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Of Water, Into The Less Caustic (But Still Strongly Alkaline) Slaked N
Lime Or Hydrated Lime (Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(oh)2), The Process Of Which Is
Called Slaking Of Lime.

Lime Kilns Are The Kilns Used For Lime Burning And Slaking.
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LIME CYCLE
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In The Lime Industry,lime Stone Is A General Term For Rocks That Contain 80%
Or More Of Calcium Or Magenesium Carbonates,including Marble,chalk,oulite M
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& More.
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It Is The Raw Material For The Manufacture Of Quicklime(calcium Oxide),slaked U
Lime (Calcium Hydroxide),cement And ,Mortar. R
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Dry Slaking Is When Quicklime Is
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Slaked With Just Enough Water To G
Hydrate The Quicklime, But Remain As
A Powder And Is Reffered To As 05
Hydrated Lime.
In Wet Slaking, A Slight Excess Of Water Is Added To Hydrate The Quicklime To
A Form Referred To As Lime Putty. M
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The Lime Cycle Shows The Stages From Quarrying The Limestone Through
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To, It Needs To Be Burnt At 900°c To Ensure A Good Material Is Produced.
Lime Does Not Occur In Nature In Free State.It Is Obtained From Substance
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Having Lot Of Calcarious Content In It. O
All The Materials Containing Calcarious Substance Have Calcium Carbonate U
As The Chief Constituent. R
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When Calcarious Materials Are Heated,carbon Dioxide And Moisture Are
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Driven Out,leaving Behind Calcium Oxide Which Is Called Lime.
Besides This,methods Of Burning,slaking,storing And Others. O
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Top 5 State That Produce Limestone In India:-
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Though Not Be Metamorphased And I
(Chattisgarh) Andhra Pradesh
Hence It Still A Limestone,it Is Known M
27%
As Yellow Marble.It Is Mined In
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Jaisalmer District

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Gujrat Jaisalmer Karnataka
The Building Limes According To Bis:712-1984 Under Six Categories,namely,
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Class A,class B,class C,class D,class E,Class F.
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Class A- Can Be Used For Structural Works Such As
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Eminently Hydraulic Lime
Arches ,Domes Etc. S
Class B- I
` Can Be Used For Constructing Masonry.
Semi-hydraulic Lime F
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Class C- Can Be Used For Finishing Coat In
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Fat Lime
Plastering,white Washing Etc. A
Class D- Can Be Used For Finsihing Coat In T
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Magnesium/Dolomite Lime I
Plastering,white Washing Etc.
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Class E-
` Produce By Burning Lime Nodules. N
Kankar Lime

Class F- For Undercost And Finishing Coat Of Plaster. 08

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Siliceous Dolomite Lime
1. Agricultureal Lime (Calcium Carbonate)
2. Burnt Lime (Calcium Oxide )
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3. Hydrated Lime (Calcium Hydranted)
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4. Dolpmite E
5. Magensite(magnesium Carbonate) S
6. Burnt Magnesite (Magnesium Oxide)
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7. Wet Lime
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8. Lime And Cement Klin Dusts
9. Crushed Shells L
10. Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate)
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• 4 Different Types Of Limes Used In Construction
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1. Quick Lime
2. Slaked Lime
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3. Fat Lime Hydraulic Lime
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Varieties Of Lime:-
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TYPES OF LIME Depending Upon The Sources,the Limes May
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Be Of Following Three Varieties.
1. Stone Lime- It Is Almost Pure Lime.
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2. Kankar Lime- It Is Impure Or
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Adulterated Lime. I
FAT LIME 3. Shell Lime- It Is Purest Form Of Lime. F
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Fat Lime
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Hydraulic Lime A
HYDRAULIC T
LIME I
Poor Lime
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POOR LIME 10
This Lime Is Known As Fat Lime, Because It Increases 2 To 2.5 Times In
Volumn, When Slaked. This Lime Is Obtaind By Burning Comparatively Pure
Lime Stone. F
This Lime Should Contain About 95% Calcium Oxide And About 5% Other A
Matrials Inform Of Impurities After Burning. T
Leaving Back Clacium Oxide (Cao) Known
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As Quick Lime. I
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Setting Of Lime Is Entirely Dependent

Upon The Atomosphere Oxygen.
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Setting & Hardening Actions Of This Lime,is Very Slow.
The Properties Of Fat Lime May Be Enumerated As Follows.
i. Its Hardening Action Is Slow.
ii. Its Setting Action,being Dependent Upon Atomosphere Air Also Slow.
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iii. It Slakes Vigorously With Hissing Sound And Lot Of Heat Is Genersted A
During Slaking. T
iv. It Swells 2 To 2.5 Times Of Quick Lime After Slaking.
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v. It Is Soluble In Water.
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vi. It Is Milky White It Purest From. M
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Used Of Fat Lime-

 Setting Of This Lime Being Dependent Upon Atomosphere Air,it Should

Not Be Used At Interiors Or Interiors Situations.
i. For White Washing.
ii. For Plastering
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iii. Its Mortar With Sand May Be Used For Thin Masonry Works.
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This Lime Has The Property Of Setting Under Wate. It Is Obtained By Burning
Lime Stone. H
Containing Lot Of Clay And Other Substances Which Develop Hydraulicity. Y
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This Lime Depends Uponthe Amount Of Clay And Type Of Clay Present In It.
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Slica,alumina And Or Iron Oxide Are Present In Chemical Combination With
(Cao). A
Depending Upon The Amount, Of Clay (Silica And Alumina)etc.
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 Freebly Hydraulic Lime- It C
Contains Silica,alumina And
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Or Iron Oxide Less Than 15%.
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 Eminently Hydraulic Lime- It M
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Contains 25 To 30% Clayey
 Moderately Hydraulic Lime- The
(Silica,alumina)ingredient. 14
Lime Contains 15 To 25% Sillica
And Lime Alumina.
Properties Of Hydraulic Lime Can Be Summarized As Follows.
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1. It Can Set Under Water. Y
2. With 30% Clay Content.Its Chemical Composition Resembles More Or Less D
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That Of Cement.
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3. This Lime Is Not Perfactly White And Appears Less Sanitary Than Fat Lime. U
4. Increased % Of Clay Renders Lime More Hydrulic And Makes Slaking More L
Difficult. I
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This Lime Contains More Than 30% Of Clay.It Slakes Very Slowly.It Does Not
Dissolve In Water.It Form A Thin Plastic Paste With Water.
This Lime Is Also Known As Icon Lime Impure Lime.This Lime Hardnes And
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Sets Very Week Slowly. O
This Lime Forms Very Week Mortar And Hence Used For Interiors. O
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 On The Basis Of 2 Types Properties-

Properties Of Lime Use In Construction (Chemical Properties)- P

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1. Cementing Capablity- This Is Obtained By O
Their Carbonation With Carbon Oxide.Lime Is P
Used As Lime Mortar For Brick Masonry
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Construction.
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2. Have A Higher Acid Resistance- Due To Its I
Alkalin Nature. E
3. Gain Pozzalanic Activity- This Gives
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Cementitious Products.
4. Sealing Of Micro Works- This Is Done By The
Precipitation Made By The Calcium Carbonate
When Carbon Oxide Passes Through The Lime 17
Mortar Mix.
• Properties Of Lime Use In Construction (Physical Properties)-

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1. Bulk Density- The Bulk Density Increased With
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The Increase Of Calcining Time In All Sample O
And Reached A Constant After About 5hrs.And P
Above 1100c The Density Increased Rapidly. E
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2. Grain Size- Thin Sections Of Quick Lime Were I
Prepared Are Examnied Under Miocroscope E
Grain Size Became Bigger With The Measured S
About 4-6p For Samples Calcined At 1300c.

3. Hydration Reactivity- The Hydration Reactivity

Decreased Gradually In Accordance With The 18
Rise Of Tempreture.
 Caring For Buildings-
 Importance Of Lime Mortars, Plasters And Paints In Caring For Old P
Buildings Has Now Been Well Documented.
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 CARING FOR BUILDINGS-
 LIME MORTARS ARE RELATIVELY FLEXIBLE AND WILL ACCOMMODATE P
SOME MOVEMENT IN A WALL, EACH JOINT OF LIME MORTAR IS LIKE A
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MINI EXPANSION JOINT. IF LIME CRACKS, IT CAN ‘SELF-HEAL’ WHEN
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EXPOSED TO AIR UNLIKE ITS MODERN COUNTERPARTS WHICH ARE E
HARDER AND HENCE MORE BRITTLE,WELL DOCUMENTED. R
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Caring For Health-
1. We Spend Up To 90% Of Our Time Indoors – So The Quality Of The Internal P
Environment Is Important To Our Health And Well-being. R
2. Lime Plaster Is Hygroscopic (Literally Means ‘Water Seeking’) Which O
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Draws The Moisture From The Internal To The External Environment, This
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Helps To Control Condensation And Mould Growth In The Building. R
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3. Lime Plasters And Paints Are Non-toxic, Therefore They Do Not Contribute
To Indoor Air Pollution Unlike Many Modern Paints.
The Lime Can Be Used For Following Purposes.
1. As A Binding Material In Mortar. U
2. As A Binding Material In Concrete. S
3. As An Aggregate In Form Of Crused Lime Stone.
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4. For Plastering.
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5. For White Washing And Also As A Base Coat For Distempers. F
6. It Is Used For Preparing Lime-sand Bricks.
7. It Is Used As A Fluxing Material In So Many Manufactring Process.
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8. It May Be Used For Measonry Work In Form Of Lime Stone.
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9. It Is Also Component Of Refractory Clay. E
10. It Used For Soil Stablization.
11. It Is Used For Improving Soils For Agriculture Purposes.
12. It Is Used Even In Paints.
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13. It Is Used For The Manufacture Of Glasss.
Advantages Of Lime In Construction-
1. Provides Building Breathing Property– The Lime Was Regarded As A A
Material By The Society For Protection Against The Depletion Of Ancient D
Buildings. V
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2. Environment– Absorbing Moisture By The Lime, Stabilize Internal
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Humidity. T
3. Ecological Benefits– Energy Conservation Than Cement, Small Scale A
Production Of Lime Is Possible. G
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4. Protection Of Adjacent Materials– Porous Texture Of Lime Handle The
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Moisture Movement, Without Affecting The Adjacent Materials.
5. Provides Good Workability.
6. High Durability.
7. Beautiful Finish For The Building.
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8. Self-healing Properties– Movement Creates Micro-cracks.
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As With Many Of The Construction Materials Described On This Context, O
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Lime Is An Ancient Resource That Has Been Re-discovered For Modern E
Ecological Building. It Is A Relatively Renewable Resource, From Calcium
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Deposits, Available In Many Areas Worldwide, And Is More Workable Than N

Cement. A
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Its Increased Popularity As A Building Material Has Shown An Increase In Its
Availability Recently. However, It Has A Much Warmer Look And Feel To It Than 24
Cement, And This Gives It The Advantage.
Applications Of Buildings Lime In Construction-
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 Masonry Construction- For The Construction Of The Market Retaining
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Walls Also,used In Load Bearing Walls. L
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 Structural Applications- Like,canopies, Arches, Domes Of Different Size &
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Forms.
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 Used For Construction Of Walls Structures Like Wells,fountains & Water I
Channels.
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 Used For Plastering Purposes- For Different Types,like Decorative,plain
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Plastering.
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 Used To Make Intricate Patterns As Well As Geometical Prifils Used To I
Finishing Works.
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S.N. Types(Lime) Rate Uses M
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Use As A Point Like Coating.
01 Calcium Carbonate 12 Rs.Per Kg. K
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02 Quick Lime 80 Rs.Per Kg. Eating,and Wet &Delay Form. S

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In Mortar And Concrete.
03 Hydrated Lime 20 Rs.Per Kg. Y

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