Cuboid

In geometry, a cuboid is a convex

polyhedron bounded by six quadrilateral
faces, whose polyhedral graph is the same
as that of a cube. While mathematical
literature refers to any such polyhedron as
a cuboid,[1] other sources use "cuboid" to
refer to a shape of this type in which each
of the faces is a rectangle (and so each
pair of adjacent faces meets in a right
angle); this more restrictive type of cuboid
is also known as a rectangular cuboid,
right cuboid, rectangular box, rectangular
hexahedron, right rectangular prism, or
rectangular parallelepiped.[2]

General cuboids
By Euler's formula the numbers of faces F,
of vertices V, and of edges E of any convex
polyhedron are related by the formula
F + V = E + 2. In the case of a cuboid this
gives 6 + 8  = 12 + 2; that is, like a cube, a
cuboid has 6 faces, 8 vertices, and 12
edges. Along with the rectangular cuboids,
any parallelepiped is a cuboid of this type,
as is a square frustum (the shape formed
by truncation of the apex of a square
pyramid).

Rectangular cuboid
Rectangular cuboid

Prism
Type
Plesiohedron

Faces 6 rectangles

Edges 12

Vertices 8

Symmetry group D2h, [2,2], (*222), order 8

Schläfli symbol { } × { } × { }

Coxeter diagram

Dual polyhedron Rectangular fusil

Properties convex, zonohedron, isogonal

In a rectangular cuboid, all angles are right

angles, and opposite faces of a cuboid are
equal. By definition this makes it a right
rectangular prism, and the terms
rectangular parallelepiped or orthogonal
parallelepiped are also used to designate
this polyhedron. The terms "rectangular
prism" and "oblong prism", however, are
ambiguous, since they do not specify all
angles.

The square cuboid, square box, or right

square prism (also ambiguously called
square prism) is a special case of the
cuboid in which at least two faces are
squares. It has Schläfli symbol {4} × { },
and its symmetry is doubled from [2,2] to
[4,2], order 16.
The cube is a special case of the square
cuboid in which all six faces are squares.
It has Schläfli symbol {4,3}, and its
symmetry is raised from [2,2], to [4,3],
order 48.

If the dimensions of a rectangular cuboid

are a, b and c, then its volume is abc and
its surface area is 2(ab + ac + bc).

The length of the space diagonal is

Cuboid shapes are often used for boxes,

cupboards, rooms, buildings, containers,
cabinets, books, a sturdy computer
chassis, printing devices, electronic calling
touchscreen devices, washing and drying
machines, etc. Cuboids are among those
solids that can tessellate 3-dimensional
space. The shape is fairly versatile in
being able to contain multiple smaller
cuboids, e.g. sugar cubes in a box, boxes
in a cupboard, cupboards in a room, and
rooms in a building.

A cuboid with integer edges as well as

integer face diagonals is called an Euler
brick, for example with sides 44, 117 and
240. A perfect cuboid is an Euler brick
whose space diagonal is also an integer. It
is currently unknown whether a perfect
cuboid actually exists.

Nets

The number of different nets for a simple

cube is 11, however this number increases
significantly to 54 for a rectangular cuboid
of 3 different lengths.[3]

See also
Hyperrectangle
Trapezohedron

References
1. Robertson, Stewart Alexander (1984),
Polytopes and Symmetry, Cambridge
University Press, p. 75, ISBN 978-0-521-
27739-6
2. Dupuis, Nathan Fellowes (1893),
Elements of Synthetic Solid Geometry,
Macmillan, p. 53
3.
http://donsteward.blogspot.co.uk/2013/0
5/nets-of-cuboid.html

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related
to Cuboids.

Weisstein, Eric W. "Cuboid" . MathWorld.

 Rectangular prism and cuboid Paper
models and pictures

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