Rectangle, Rhombus, Square, Trapezoid.

By: Lisette Lao Hanna Villareal Katherine Thomas

Quadrilaterals

Rectangle

A rectangle is
A plane figure with four straight sides and four right angles, esp. one with unequal adjacent sides, in contrast to a square. *The word rectangle comes from the Latin "rectangulus", which is a combination of "rectus" (right) and "angulus" (angle)

Formulas
If a rectangle has length (l) and width (w) It has area A = lw, It has perimeter P = 2l + 2w = 2(l + w),

Examples(Area)
Example 1:Find the area of a square with each side measuring 2 inches. Solution: = (2 in) (2 in) = 4 in2 Example 2:A rectangle has a length of 8 centimeters and a width of 3 centimeters. Find the area. Solution: = (8 cm) (3 cm) = 24 cm2

Examples(Area)
A rectangle is 4 times as long as it is wide. If the length is increased by 4 inches and the width is decreased by 1 inch, the area will be 60 square inches. What were the dimensions of the original rectangle? - The dimensions of the original rectangle are 4 and 16.

Examples(Perimeter)
Find the perimeter of a rectangular field of length 45 m and width 35 m. Solution:

So, the perimeter is 160 m.

Examples(Perimeter)
Find the perimeter and area of a rectangle with width 6 feet and length 14 feet.
Solution: Length = 14 ft Width = 6 ft Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(14+6) = 2(20) = 40 ft. Area of a rectangle = 14 * 6 = 84 square feet.

Theorem 6.12 All angles of a rectangle are right angles.

Theorem 6.13 The diagonals of a rectangle are equal.

Theorem 6.14 If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then the parallelogram is a rectangle.

Theorem 6.20 In a rectangle, the two diagonals are congruent.

Theorem 6.21 If an angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, then the parallelogram is a rectangle.

Theorem 6.22 In a quadrilateral, if the diagonals are congruent and bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is a triangle.

Rhombus

Rhombus

Euclidian Geometry (def. of Rhombus):

a rhombus or rhomb is a convex quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length. A quadrilateral with all four sides equal in length. A parallelogram with a pair of adjacent sides equal.

Characteristics of a Rhombus
A convex quadrilateral is a rhombus if and only if it is any one of the following parallelogram with four equal sides. a parallelogram in which at least two consecutive sides are congruent a quadrilateral with four congruent sides a parallelogram in which a diagonal bisects an interior angle a parallelogram in which each diagonal bisects two interior angles a parallelogram in which the diagonals are perpendicular

Perimeter and Area of a Rhombus

s = side length of rhombus h = height of rhombus d1 = long diagonal of rhombus d2 = short diagonal of rhombus

Area = hs = s2 sin A = s2 sin B = () d1d2

Perimeter = 4S

Theorem 6.15 All sides of a rhombus are equal.

Theorem 6.16 The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.

Theorem 6.17 The diagonals of a rhombus bisect the angles at the vertices.

Theorem 6.18 If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then it is a rhombus.

Theorem 6.23 In a rhombus, the diagonals are perpendicular.

Trapezoid

Trapezoid
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with two sides parallel. The trapezoid is equivalent to the British definition of trapezium; An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid in which the base angles are equal so. A right trapezoid is a trapezoid having two right angles. Isosceles trapezoid nonparallel sides are equal.

Area of a Trapezoid

or

Perimeter of a Trapezoid
Perimeter = a + b + c + d Where, a, b, c and d are the lengths of each side

Theorem 6.21 Base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are equal.

Theorem 6.22 Diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are equal.

Theorem 6.25 Suppose the parallel lines L1 and L2 lie on the opposite sides of line L such that L1 and L2 are equidistant from L. Let R be a point on L1 and S a point on L2. then L bisects line RS. Moreover, L is parallel to L1 and L2.

Theorem 6.26 The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the two bases.

Theorem 6.27 In an isosceles trapezoid, no interior angle is a right angle.

Theorem 6.28 In an isosceles trapezoid ABCD with AB = CD, the acute angles formed by line AB and line CD with line BC are congruent.

Square

What is a square?

A square is a regular quadrilateral. This means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, or right angles). A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ABCD. The square belong to the families of 2hypercube and 2-orthoplex.

Perimeter and Area of a Square

Perimeter = 4L (length of sides)

Area = S2

Properties

A square is a special case of a rhombus (equal sides), a kite (two pairs of adjacent equal sides), a parallelogram (opposite sides parallel), a quadrilateral or tetragon (four-sided polygon), and a rectangle (opposite sides equal, right-angles) and therefore has all the properties of all these shapes, namely: The diagonals of a square bisect each other and meet at 90 degrees. The diagonals of a square bisect its angles. The diagonals of a square are perpendicular.

 Opposite

sides of a square are both parallel and equal length. All four angles of a square are equal. (Each is 360/4 = 90 degrees, so every angle of a square is a right angle.) The diagonals of a square are equal.

Additional Info

If the diagonals of a rhombus are equal, then that rhombus must be a square. The diagonals of a square are (about 1.414) times the length of a side of the square. This value, known as Pythagoras constant, was the first number proven to be irrational. A square can also be defined as a rectangle with all sides equal, or a rhombus with all angles equal, or a parallelogram with equal diagonals that bisect the angles. If a figure is both a rectangle (right angles) and a rhombus (equal edge lengths), then it is a square. If a circle is circumscribed around a square, the area of the circle is / 2 (about 1.57) times the area of the square.

If a circle is inscribed in the square, the area of the circle is / 4 (about 0.79) times the area of the square. A square has a larger area than any other quadrilateral with the same perimeter. A square tiling is one of three regular tilings of the plane (the others are the equilateral triangle and the regular hexagon). The square is in two families of polytopes in two dimensions: hypercube and the cross polytope. The Schlfli symbol for the square is {4}. The square is a highly symmetric object. There are four lines of reflectional symmetry and it has rotational symmetry of order 4 (through 90, 180 and 270). Its symmetry group is the dihedral group D4.

Thats all. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

Passed by: Lisette Lao, Katherine Thomas & Hanna Villareal