Math’s Project:

RECOGNITION OF SOLIDS

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Abhinav Chattoraj Ms. Sana Shahab

7 “D”
 Acknowledgement
I am thankful to submit the assignment report entitled “RECOGNITION OF
SOLIDS”. I also express my gratefulness to our Principal for his kind approval of
the assignment.

I would like to express my gratitude to my teacher Ms. Sana Shahab for

introducing me to the topic as well for the useful comments, remarks and
engagement through the learning process of this project.

I would like to thank my elder sister and my family members for their sincere co-
operation. This assignment report would not have been possible without the
support of them.

Submitted By:

Abhinav Chattoraj

Roll No.
 INDEX
Sn.no Topic Page no.
1. Introduction 1

2. Types of shapes, cube 2

3. Cuboid,cylinder 3

4. Diagram of cylinder, cone 4

5. Euler’s formula with examples 5

6. Conclusion 6

7. bibliography 7
 INTRODUCTION
Geometry is a branch of mathematics that studies the sizes, shapes, position angles and
dimensions of things. Generally, Geometry deals with two-dimensional shapes (2D)and three-
dimensional shapes(3D). The 3D shapes are made by bringing a shape’s Top view, Side view
and Front view together. We have observed that the plane picture that is drawn on paper does not
occupy any space whereas if we draw a real picture on a paper it occupies some space. Hence,
such real shapes that occupy some space are known as solid shapes or three-dimensional shapes.
Whenever we do not find a word’s meaning then we search in dictionaries. So, do we ever
wonder that “what shape the dictionary has?”. All the objects around us are made up of different
types of shapes. Like our computer’s keyboard have the shape of cuboid. Container of jam has
the shape of circle. The birthday caps that we wear is cone shape. Hence to know more in detail
we have to study more. So let’s study.
 RECOGNITION OF SOLIDS
Q. What are Solids?

A. In Geometry, the shape or the figure that has three (even higher) dimensions, are known as
solids

Or

The three-dimensional objects having depth, width and height are known as Solid Shapes.

For example, a circle drawn on a piece of paper is a two-dimensional figure whereas a ball in the
shape of a sphere is a three-dimensional figure.

 PROPERTIES OF SOLID SHAPES

Some of the properties of three-dimensional or solid shapes are given below:

 Faces – A face is a flat surface on the three-dimensional shapes.

 Edge – An edge is a line segment formed between the faces.
 Vertex – A vertex is a point where the two edges meet each other.

 The main four solids are:

 Cube
 Cuboid
 Cylinder
i. Cone
Cube- a symmetrical three-dimensional shape, either solid or hollow, contained by six equal
squares.It is bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex.

All edges of cube are equal

1. 8 vertices
2. 12 edges
3. 6 faces

Diagram of cube:

A cube has:

6 faces = ABCD, ABFE, AEHD, CGHD, CGFB and EFGH.

12 edges =AB,BC,CD,DA,AE,EH,HD,EF,FG,GH,BF and CG.

8 vertices =A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H.
Cuboid- It is a solid or hollow body which has six rectangular faces at right angles to each other.

Or

A cuboid is a convex polyhedron bounded by six quadrilateral faces, whose polyhedral graph is the
same as that of a cube.

1. 8 vertices
2. 12 edges
3. 6 faces

Diagram of cuboid:

A cuboid has:

6 faces = ABCD, BCFG, FEHG, AEDH, BAFE, DCGH.

12 edges = AB,BC,CD,DA,CG,GF,FB,EF,EH,GH,AE,DH.

8 vertices = A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H.
Cylinder- It is a solid or hollow geometrical figure with a curved side and two identical circular flat ends.
It has no vertices. It is one of the most basic curvilinear shapes geometric shapes.

Diagram of cylinder:

A cylinder has:

3 faces=S1, S2, S3.

2 edges=AB, CD
Cone- It is a solid or hollow object which tapers from a circular base to a point.

Diagram of cone:

A cone has:

1 vertex=A

1 edge

2 faces=S1, S2.

Figure V E F

1. Cube 8 12 6

2. Cuboid 8 12 6

3. Cylinder 0 2 3

4.Cone 1 1 2

Euler’s formula:

For a 3D solid, if

V stands for number of vertices.

E stands for number of edges.

F stands for number of faces, and then the relation between V, E and F is

V+F-E=2

Examples:

For a cube, V=8, E=12 and F=6

V+F-E=8+6-12

=2

Note: The Euler’s formula only deals with POLYHEDRA.

What is polyhedral?

A polyhedron (plural polyhedral or polyhedrons) is a three-dimensional shape with flat polygonal faces,

Straight edges and sharp corners or vertices. 

CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 CONCISE MATHEMATICS- MIDDLE SCHOOL (CLASS 7)

 https://byjus.com/maths/solids/

 https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+a+cube

 https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/

 https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+a+cuboid

 https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+a+cylinder