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Intze Tank
Intze Tank
ON
By
M.LOKESH 09241A0175
R.RAJASHEKAR 09241A0188
J.RAJEEV 09241A0190
(Affiliated to JNTU)
Intze tank
ABSTRACT
Due to enormous need by the public, water has to be stored and supplied according
to their needs. Water demand is not constant throughout the day. It fluctuates hour
to hour. In order to supply constant amount of water, we need to store water. So to
meet the public water demand, water tank need to be constructed.
Storage reservo irs and overhead tanks are used to store water, liquid petroleum,
petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis o f the reservoirs or tanks
is about the same irrespect ive o f the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are
designed as crack free structures to eliminate any leakage.
This pro ject gives in brief, the theory behind the design of liquid retaining structure
(Elevated circular water tank wit h domed roof and conical base) using working
stress method. Elements are design in working stress method.
Intze tank
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude to all the people behind the screen who
helped us to transform an idea into a real applicat ion. We would like to express our
heart-felt grat itude to our parents wit hout whom we would not have been privileged
to achieve and fulfill our dreams. We are grateful to our principal
Dr.JandyalaN.Murthi who most ably run the inst itutio n and has had the major
hand in enabling us to do our project.
We pro foundly t hank Dr. G.Venkataramana, Head of the Depart ment of CIVIL
ENGINEERING who has been an excellent guide and also a great source o f
inspirat ion to our work.
The sat isfact ion and euphoria that accompany the successful co mplet ion of t he task
would be great but incomplete wit hout the ment ion of the people who made it
possible wit h their constant guidance and encouragement crowns all t he efforts wit h
success. In this context, We would like thank all the other staff members, both
teaching and non-teaching, who have extended their t imely help and eased our task.
M.LOKESH 09241A0175
R.RAJASHEKAR 09241A0188
J.RAJEEV 09241A0190
Intze tank
INDEX
CONTENTS: PAGE NO.
1 SYMBOLS 1
2 INTRODUCTION 5
3 WATER DEMAND 7
4 POPULATION FORECASTING 10
5 WATER TANKS 11
TEMPERATURE CHANGE 17
7.5 FLOORS 17
7.6 WALLS 19
7.7 ROOFS 20
8 DOMES 22
13 DESIGN 32
14 ESTIMATION 53
15 CONCLUSION 66
16 REFERENCES 67
17 REFERENCE BOOKS 69
Intze tank
1. SYMBOLS
A = Total area o f sect ion
A sv = Total cross-sect ional are of st irrup legs or bent up bars wit hin distance Sv
a = lever arm.
a c = Area of concrete.
b = width.
b r =widt h of rib.
D = depth
d s = depth of slab
e = eccentricit y.
F d = design load
H = height.
I = mo ment of inertia.
L=length.
L d =devolopment length.
M t =torsional moment.
P = percentage steel.
Q= shear resistance.
= shear stress.
R= radius.
s= spacing of bars.
T=tensile force.
W= po int load.
X= coordinate.
Z= distance.
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α = inclinat ion.
β = surcharge angle.
γ = unit weight of so il
2. INTRODUCTION
A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirement. In the
construction of concrete structure for the storage of water and other liquids the
impervio usness of concrete is most essent ial .The permeabilit y o f any uniform and
thoroughly compacted concrete of given mix proportions is mainly dependent on
water cement rat io .The increase in water cement rat io result s in increase in t he
permeabilit y .The decrease in water cement rat io will t herefore be desirable to
decrease t he permeabilit y, but very much reduced water cement rat io may cause
compact ion difficult ies and prove to be harmful also. Design o f liquid retaining
structure has to be based on t he avo idance of cracking in the co ncrete having regard
to its tensile strength.Cracks can be prevented by avo iding t he use of thick t imber
shuttering which prevent the easy escape of heat of hydrat ion fro m the co ncrete
mass the risk of cracking can also be minimized by reducing the restraints onfree
expansio n or contraction of the structure.
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1. Objective:
1. To make a study about the analysis and design o f water tanks.
2. To make a study about the guidelines for the design o f liquid retaining Structure
according to is code.
3. To know about the design philosophy for the safe and eco no mical design o f water
tank.
4. To develop programs for the design o f water tank of flexible base and rigid base
and the under ground tank to avo id the tedious calculat io ns.
5. In the end, the programs are validated with the results o f manual calculat io n
given in concrete Structure.
1. Springs,
3. WATER DEMAND
3.1 Water Quantity Estimation: The quantit y o f water required for municipal uses
for which the water supply scheme hasto be designed requires fo llowing data:Water
consumpt ion rate (Per Capita Demand in litres per day per head)Populat io n to be
served.
3.2 Water Consumption Rate: It is very difficult to precisely assess the quant it y
of water demanded by t he public, sincethere are many variable factors affect ing
water consumpt ion. The various t ypes o f waterdemands, which a cit y may have,
may be broken into fo llowing class
3.3 Fire Fighting Demand :The per capita fire demand is very less on an
average basis but the rate at which the wateris required is very large. The rate of
fire demand is somet imes treated as a function o fpopulat ion and is worked out fro m
following empirical formulae:
• Presence of industries.
• Climatic conditions.
. Medically safe, the co nsumpt io n will increase as people will not resort to
privatewells, etc.
• Cost of water.
If this average demand is supplied at all the times, it will not be sufficient to meet
thefluctuations.
.• Daily variation depends on the act ivit y. People draw out more water on
Sundaysand Fest ival days, thus increasing demand on these days.
• Hourly variations are very important as they have a wide range. During
act ivehouseho ld working hours i.e. from six to ten in the morning and four to eight
int he evening, the bulk o f the daily requirement is taken. During other hours
therequirement is negligible. Moreover, if a fire breaks out, a huge quant it y o f
Intze tank
wateris required to be supplied during short duration, necessitat ing the need for
amaximum rate of hourly supply.So, an adequate quant it y of water must be
available to meet the peak demand. To meet allt he fluctuatio ns, the supply pipes,
service reservoirs and distribut ion pipes must beproperly proportioned. The water is
supplied by pumping direct ly and the pumps anddistribut ion system must be
designed to meet the peak demand. The effect of mo nt hlyvariat io n influences t he
design o f storage reservo irs and the hourly variat io ns influencesthe design of pumps
and service reservoirs. As the populat ion decreases, the fluctuationrate increases.
4. POPULATION FORECAST
• Expandabilit y aspect.
• Available resources.
5. Ratio Method
5. WATER TANKS
5.1 CLASSIFICATIONS:
Classificat ion based on under three heads:
3. Underground tanks.
1. Circular tanks
2. Rectangular tanks
3. Spherical tanks
4. Intze tanks
(i) The interact ion between reinforcement and concrete during shrinkage due to
drying.
(iii) The different ial condit ions prevailing through the large thickness of massive
concrete Use of small size bars placed properly, leads to closer cracks but o f
smaller width. The risk of cracking due to temperature and shrinkage effects may
be minimized by limit ing the changes in moisture content and temperature to which
the structure as a whole is subjected. The risk of cracking can also be minimized b y
reducing the restraint on the free expansio n of the structure with long walls or slab
founded at or below ground level, restraint can be minimized by t he provisio n o f a
sliding layer. This can be provided by founding the structure on a flat layer
ofconcrete with interposit ion o f so me material to break the bond and facilit ate
mo vement.Incaselength o f structure is large it should be subdivided into suitable
lengths separated by movement jo ints, especially where sect ions are changed the
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(i)Contraction Joint. It is a movement jo int wit h deliberate discont inuit y wit hout
init ial gap between the concrete on eit her side o f the jo int. The purpose o f this jo int
is to accommodate contraction of the concrete. The joint is shown in Fig. (a)
Fig (a)
A contraction jo int may be eit her complete contraction joint or partial contractio n
joint. A complete contraction jo int is one in which both steel and concrete
areinterrupted and a part ial contract ion jo int is one in which only the concrete is
interrupted, the reinforcing steel running through as shown in Fig.(b)
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Fig (b)
Fig(c)
This t ype of joint is provided between wall and floor in some cylindrical tank
designs.
Fig (d)
(iii) Sliding Joint. It is a jo int wit h complete discont inuit y in both reinforcement
and concrete and wit h special provisio n to facilitate movement in plane o f the jo int.
A t ypical joint is shown in Fig. This t ype of jo int is provided between wall and
floor in some cylindrical tank designs.
Fig (e)
Fig (g)
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c) On face away from liquid for members 225mm or more in thickness 1250 kg/cm 2 .
d) Tensile stress in shear reinforcement For members less than 225mm thickness
1000 kg/cm2 for members 225mm or more in thickness 1250 kg/cm 2 .
(a) The permissible stresses specified above in (ii) and (iii) are not otherwise
exceeded.
(b) Adequate precaut io ns are taken to avo id cracking o f concrete during the
construction period and unt il t he reservoir is put into use.
(c) Reco mmendat ion regarding jo int s given in art icle 8.3 and for suitable sliding
layer beneath the reservo ir are complied wit h, or the reservoir is to be used only fo r
the storageof water or aqueous liquids at or near ambient temperature and the
circumstances aresuch that the concrete will never dry out.
(iii) When the shrinkage stresses are allowed, the permissible stresses,tensile
stresses to concrete (direct and bending) as given in Table 1 may be increased by
33.33 per cent.
7.5 Floors:
(i) Provision of movement joints.
If the tank is rest ing direct ly o ver ground, floor may be constructed of concrete
with nominal percentage of reinforcement provided that it is certain t hat the ground
will carry the load wit hout appreciable subsidence in any part and that the concrete
floor is cast inpanels wit h sides not more than 4.5m.wit h contract ion or expansio n
joint s between. Insuch cases a screed or concrete layer less than 75mm thick shall
Intze tank
first be placed on theground and covered with a sliding layer of bitumen paper or
other suit able material todestroy the bond between the screed and floor concrete. In
normal circumstances the screed layer shall be of grade not weaker than M 1 0 ,where
injurious soils or aggressivewater are expected, the screed layer shall be of grade
not weaker than M 1 5 and if necessary a sulphate resist ing or other special cement
should be used.
(a) If the tank is supported on walls or other similar supports the floor slab shall
bedesigned as floor in buildings for bending mo ments due to water load and self
weight.
(b)When the floor is rigidly connected to the walls (as is generally t he case) the
bending mo ments at the junct io n between the walls and floors shall be taken into
account in the design o f floor to gether wit h any direct forces transferred to the
floor from the walls orfrom the floor to the wall due to suspensio n of the floor fro m
the wall.If t he walls are non-mono lit hic wit h the floor slab, such as in cases, where
mo vement joints have been provided between the floor slabs and walls, the floor
shall be designed only for the vert ical loads on the floor.
(c) In cont inuous T-beams and L-beams with ribs on the side remote fro m the
liquid, t he tension in concrete on the liquid side at the face o f the supports shall not
exceed the permissible stresses for controlling cracks in co ncrete. The widt h o f the
slab shall be determined in usual manner for calculat io n of the resistance to
cracking of T-beam, L beam sect ions at supports.
(d)The floor slab may be suit ably t ied to the walls by rods properly embedded in
both the slab and the walls. In such cases no separate beam (curved or straight) is
necessary under the wall, provided the wall of the tank it self is designed to act as a
beam over the supports under it.
(e)Somet imes it may be econo mical to provide the floors of circular tanks,in the
shape of dome. In such cases the dome shall be designed for the vert ical loads o fthe
liquid over it and the rat io of it s rise to its diameter shall be so adjusted that the
stresses in the do me are, as far as possible, who lly compressive. The do me shall be
supported at its bottom o n the ring beam which shall be designed for resultan
tcircumferent ial tension in addit ion to vertical lo ads.
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7.6 Walls:
(i)Provision of joints
(a)Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or contract separately fro m the
floor, or to prevent moments at the base of t he wall owing to fixit y to the floor,
sliding joints may be employed.
(b)The spacing of vert ical movement jo ints should be as discussed in article 3.3
while the majorit y of these joint s may be of the part ial or complete contractio n
type, sufficient jo ints of the expansio n type should be provided to sat isfy the
requirements given in art icle
(a) In liquid retaining structures with fixed or float ing covers the gas pressure
developed above liquid surface shall be added to the liquid pressure.
(b)When the wall of liquid retaining structure is built in ground, or has earth
embanked against it, the effect of earth pressure shall be taken into account.
While designing the walls of rectangular or po lygonal concrete tanks, the follo wing
points should be borne in mind.
(a) In plane walls, the liquid pressure is resisted by both vert ical and horizontal
bendingmoments. An est imate should be made o f t he proportio n o f the pressure
resisted by bending moments in the vertical and horizontal planes. The direct
horizontal tension caused by the direct pull due to water pressure on the end walls,
should be added to that result ing from horizontal bending mo ments. On liquid
retaining faces, t he tensile stressesdue to the combinat ion o f direct horizo ntal
tensio n and bending act ion shall sat isfy the following condit io n:
(t./t )+ ( óc t . /óct ) ≤ 1
(d)At the vert ical edges where the walls of a reservo ir are rigidly joined, horizontal
reinforcement and haunch bars should be provided to resist the horizontal bending
Intze tank
mo ments even if the walls are designed to wit hstand the who le load as vert ical
beams or cant ilever wit hout lateral supports.
(c) In the case of rectangular or polygonal tanks, the side walls act as two way
slabs,where by the wall is cont inued or restrained in the horizontal direct ion, fixed
or hinged atthe bottom and hinged or free at the top. The walls thus act as t hin
plates subjected triangular loading and wit h boundary condit io ns varying between
full restraint and freeedge. The analysis of mo ment and forces may be made on the
basis o f any recognizedmet hod.
While designing walls of cylindrical tanks the following po ints should be borne in
mind:
(a)Walls of cylindrical tanks are eit her cast mo no lit hically wit h the base or are set
in grooves and key ways (mo vement jo ints). In either case deformat io n of wall
under influence o f liquid pressure is restricted at and above the base. Consequent ly,
only part ofthe triangular hydrostatic load will be carried by ring tension and part of
the load at bottom will be supported by cantilever act ion.
(b)It is difficult to restrict rotation or settlement of the base slab and it is advisable
toprovide vertical reinforcement as if the walls were fully fixed at the base, in
addit io n to the reinforcement required to resist horizontal ring tensio n for hinged at
base, condit ions of walls, unless the appropriate amount of fixit y at the base is
established by analysis wit h due consideration to the dimensions of the base slab
the t ype of joint between the wall and slab, and , where applicable, the t ype o f soil
supporting the base slab.
7.7 Roofs;
(i) Provision of Movement joints:
(ii) Loading:
Field covers of liquid retaining structures should be designed for gravit y loads,
such ast he weight of roof slab, earth cover if any, live lo ads and mechanical
equipment. They should also be designed for upward load if the liquid retaining
structure is subjected to internal gas pressure. A superficial lo ad sufficient to
Intze tank
ensure safet y wit h the unequalint ensit y o f loading which occurs during the placing
of the earth cover should be allowedfor in designing roo fs. The engineer should
specify a lo ading under these temporaryco ndit ions which should not be exceeded. In
designing the roof, allowance should bemade for the temporary condit io n of so me
spans loaded and other spans unlo aded, event hough in t he final state the load may
be small and evenly distributed.
(iii) Water tightness: In case o f tanks intended for the storage of water for
domest ic purpose, the roof must be made water-tight. This may be achieved by
limit ing the stresses as for the rest of the tank, or by the use o f the covering o f the
water proof membrane or by providing slopes to ensure adequate drainage.
(b)For faces away fro m liquid and for parts of the structure neit her in contact wit h
theliquid on any face, nor enclosing the space above the liquid, the cover shall be as
forordinary concrete member.
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8. DOMES
Domes are used in variet y of structures, as in the roof of circular areas, in circular
tanks, in hangers, exhibit ion halls, auditoriums, planetorium and bottom o f tanks,
bins andbunkers. Domes may be constructed of masonry, steel, t imber and
reinforced concrete.However, reinforced domes are more co mmo n nowadays since
they can be constructed over large spans membrane theory for analysis o f shells o f
revo lut ion can be developed neglect ing effectof bending moment, twist ing mo ment
and shear and assuming that the loads are carriedwho lly by axial stresses. This
however applies at points of shell which are remo ved so medistance away fro m the
discont inuous edge. At the edges, the result s thus obtained maybe indicated but are
not accurate.
The edge member and the adjacent hoop of the shells must have very nearly the
same strain when they are cast integrally. The significance of this fact is usually
ignored and the forces thus computed are, therefore, subject to certain
modificat ions.Stresses in shells are usually kept fairly low, as effect of the edge
disturbance, as ment iioned above is usually neglected. The shell must be thick
enough to allow space and protection for two layers o f reinforcement. Fro m t his
point of view 80 mm is considered as the minimum thickness o f shell.
Intze tank
two forces N (rd ) have the result ant N (rd )d as shown in Fig.(c) and the
resultant acts normal to the surface po inted towards the inner side. Forces N(r1d )
again have horizontal resultant of magnit ude N (r1 d ) d as shown in Fig (d). It
has a compo nent N (r1d )dsin directed normally to the shell and point ing
towards the inner side. These two forces and the external force normal to the
surface and a magnitude Pr(rd) must bein equilibrium.
N f /r1+N/r 2 = -Pr = pressure normal to the surface In this equat ion pr is considered
posit ive when act ing towards the inner side and negat ive when act ing towards the
outerside of the shell.Value
s and N f and N will be posit ive when tensile andnegat ive co mpressive.
The equat ion is valid not only for shells in thform o f a surface of revo lut ion, but
may be apped to allshells, when the coordinate lines for = constant and =
constant, are the linesof curvature of the surface.
Forces in shell Force N f act tangent ially to the surface aall around the
circumference. Co nsidering thequilibrium of a segment of shell cut alo ng the
parallel to lat itude defined by the angle as shown in Fig
2prN f sin f + W= 0,
Where W= total load in the vert ical dirct ion on the surface o f the shell abo ve t he
cut.
This gives,
N f = -W/2prsinf
Eq. is readily so lved for N f and N may then be detrminedby Eq. This theory is
applicable to a shell of any material as only t he condit iio ns o f equilibrium have
been applied and no compat ibilit y relat io nsships in terms o f deformat ion have been
introduced. It is, therefore, immaterial whetherr Hooke's law is applicable or not.
Intze tank
Alt errnat ively, the downward load may be calculated from the weight o f water and
tank bottom of t he part i.e W 2 less upward react ion o f the support as shown in Fig.
For sect ion which cuts the tank bottom inside the support, the react ion has to be
considered wit h the weight of water and tank of t he annular part. Simillar is t he
case wit h Intze reservo ir as in Fig. (a), which combines a truncated dome wit h a
spherical segment. Pattern of the two forces Nf1 and Nf 2 at point A are shown in Fig
(b). To eliminate horizo ntal forces on the supporting ring girder, it is necessary that
The requirements of thickness of dome and reinforcement from the po int of view o f
induced stresses are usually very small. However, a minimum o f 80 mm is provided
so as to accommodate two layers of steel with adequate cover. Similarly a minimu
m of steel provided is 0.15% of the sectio nal area in each direct io n alo ng the
meridians as well as along the lat itudes. This reinforcement will be in addit ion to
the requirements for hoop tensile stresses.
Reinforcement for the hoop stress is also provided wit h the allowable stress in steel
as 115 N/mm2 (or 150N/mm 2 ) in case of liquid retaining structures and 140 N/mm 2
(or190 N/ mm 2 ) in other cases. The ring should be provided so that the central line
of the shell passes through the centroid of the ring beam. Reinforcement has to be
provided in both the direct ions. If the reinforcement alo ng the meridians is
cont inued upto the crown, there will be congest ion of steel there. Hence, fro m
pract ical considerat ions, the reinforcement along the meridian is stopped below the
crown and a separate mesh, as shown in Fig (a), is provided. Alternat ively, the
arrangement of the bars may be made as shown in plan in Fig (b)
In case of domes wit h lantern opening with concentrated load act ing there, ring
beam has to be provided at the periphery of the opening. The edge beam there will,
however, be subjected to hoop compressio n in place of hoop tension.
The allowable stresss specified in IS 3370 for such tanks are as fo llows:
Type o f stresses: Permissible stress in N/mm 2 High yield strengt h Plain bars
confirming to deformed bars as per Grade-I of IS 432-1966. IS 1786-1966 or is
1139-1966. Tensile stress in members under no table o f contents entries found
direct load.
Direct tensile stress in concrete a may be taken as 1.1 N/mm 2 , 1.2. N/mm 2 ,1.32
N/mm 2 , 1.5 N/mm 2 , 1.6N/mm 2 and 1.7 N/mm 2 for M 1 5 , M 2 0 , MM 2 5 , M 3 0 , M 3 5 and
M4 0 respect ively, the value in tension due to bending
i.e.,being1.5N/mm ,1.7N/mm ,1.82N/mm ,2.0 N/mm ,2.2 N/mm and 2.4 N/mm 2 .
2 2 2 2 2
When steel and concrete are assumed to act together for checking thetensile stress
in concrete for avoidance of cracks, the tensile streess in the steel will be limited b y
the requirements that the stress as ment ioned above should not be exceeded. The
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tensill stress in steel will be modular ratio mult iplied by the corresponding
allo wable tensile stress in concrete.
When shrinkage stresses are considered it is necessary to check the thickness for no
crack.
Minimum reinforcement of each of two directions at right angles shall have an areo f
0.3% for 100 mm thick concrete to 0.2% for 450 mm thick concrete wall. In floor
slabs, minimum reinforcement to be provided is 0.15%. The minimu m
reinforcement as specified above may be decreased by 20%), if high strength
deformed bars are used.
(3) Floor or bottom slab (4) floor beams, including circular girder
(7)Foundat ions
(a) Square open or wit h cover at top (b) Rectangular open or with cover at top
(c) Circular open or with cover at which may be flat or domed.
Amo ng these the circular t ypes are proposed for large capacit ies. Such circular
tanks may have flat floors or domical floors and these are supported on circular
girder.
The most common type of circular tank is the one which is called an Intze Tank. In
such cases, a domed cover is provided at top wit h a cylindrical and conical wall at
bottom. A ring beam will be required to support the domed roof.A ring beam is also
provided at the junct io n of the cylindrical and conical walls.The conical wall and
the tank floor are supported on a ring girder which is supported on a number o f
columns.
Usually a do med floor is shown in fig a result of which the ring girder supported on
the co lumns will be relieved from the horizontal thrusts as the horizonal t hrusts of
the conical wall and the domed floor act in opposite direct ion.
Intze tank
Somet imes, a vert ical hollow shaft may be provided which may be supported on the
domed floor.
The design of the tank will invo lve the follo wing.
(1) The dome: at top usually 100 mm to 150 mm thick wit h reinforcement along
themeridians and lat itudes. The rise is usually l/5th o f the span.
(2) Ring beam supporting the dome: The ring beam is necessary to resist
thehorizontal co mponent of the thrust of the dome. The ring beam will bedesigned
for the hoop tension induced.
(3) Cylindrical walls: This has to be designed for hoop tension caused due
tohorizontal water pressure.
(4) Ring beam at the junction of the cylindrical walls and the conical wall:This
ring beam is provided to resist the horizontal co mponent of the react ion of the
conical wall on the cylindrical wall.The ring beam will be designed for
theinducedhoop tensio n.
(5) Conical slab: This will be designed for hoop tensio n due to water pressure.The
slab will also be designed as a slab spanning between the ring beam at top and the
ring girder at bottom.
(6)Floor of the tank.The floor may be circular or domed. This slab is supportedon
the ring girder.
(7) The ring girder: This will be designed to support the tank and it s
contents.Thegirder will be supported on co lumns and should be designed for
result ing bending mo ment and Torsion.
(8) Columns: These are to be designed for the total load transferred to them. The
columns will bebraced at intervels and have to be designed for wind pressure or
seismic loads whichever govern.
for case (2), the proportion was suggested by Grey and Total Vo lume is g iven by
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V 1 = p × = 0.39
. for H = D/2.
.
V2 =
×( + + ) = 0.102D 3 .
V3 =
(3 + ℎ ) = 0.017D 3 .
Volume V = 0.4693D 3 .
Volume V = 0.493D 3 .
Intze tank
13. DESIGN
13. DETAILS OF DESIGN:
Design of tank:
Design o f an intze tank for a capacit y of 300000 lts .
Assuming M 2 0 concrete
Modular rat io m = 13
Tensile stress in bending on liquid face =115 N/mm2 for t < 225 mm
Solut ion: Taking the volume as 0.585 D3 for proportio n given in Fig.
1.80(2R-1.80) = (4.75) 2
R = 6.525m.
Hence no tension
Assuming t = 100mm.
&&'×∙&&
= [0.72− .)]
'∙&
f =0.0298 N/mm 2
=0°
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+,&'×.&&
f= '.&
[1− ]
f =0.107 N/mm2
+,&'×.&&
=
-'.)
=18778.34 N/m
Compressive stress
.))..
+
= &'×'''
=13520.40 N/m
=60841.82
=311.73 mm 2
=/0 +(13.33-1)452.38
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= /0 +5577.8454
Cylindrical wall:
=39240 N/mm2
= 176580 N
)&'
A st =
'×'.,
= 853.04 mm 2
'∙+
Distribut ion steel =
''
[200×1000]
= 480 mm 2
= 24917 × 0.68
= 17184.137 N/m.
= 20000 N/m.
Intze tank
= 1000 N/m.
= 0.19 N/mm 2
= 480 mm 2
Ring beam at B :
Let T 2 be the thrust /m run exerted by the conical wall at the junct ion B.
T 2 sin 6= V 2
.&
tan 6= .&
=1
6 = 45°.
9
T2 =
$:; <
..+.
)
=
$:; +&°
= 54000.52 N/m.
Resolving horizontally at B
= 38184.137 N/m
Intze tank
,
=38184.137× N
=171828.6165N
=19620 N/m
,
Hoop tensio n due to water = 19620×
=88290 N
= 260118.61 N
'..
Steel for hoop tensio n =
'×'.,
= 1256.611mm 2
Provide 6 bars 18 mm ∅
A st = 1526.81 mm 2 .
= A+(13.33-1)× 1526.81
= A+18825.61
Limit ing the tensile stress on the equivalent concrete area to 2 N/mm2
'..
=2
B-&...'+
A c =11233.688 mm 2
Intze tank
a) Hoop tension
b) Bending as it spans on a sloping slab from the ring beam @ B at the ring
girder @ ‘c’
Where
= 1545882.24 N
&+&...+-+,.)+.+-&+&..
Hoop tensio n =
F
=531838.349 N.
&
.
..+,
Hoop steel on the ent ire sect ion =
'×'.,
Intze tank
= 2569.267 mm 2 .
Provide 14 bars of 6 mm ∅
&+&...+-+,.)+.+
= = 76214.279 N.
F ×
.)&
= 14290.177 Nm.
..+.
)
Axial co mpression V 2 = T 2 sin 6 = $:; +&°
= 54000.52 N.
= 67 mm
= 17908212.15 Nmm.
),'..&
A st = = 518.04 mm2
)×
'×'.,
= 4.35 m.
cos = 0.68
Loads:
=9810[155.508−17.869] = 1350234.872
= 32.79 m2 .
&'
+..)
Load intensit y due to weight of water =
.),
= 41178.25 N/m2 .
= 116788.016 N/m.
)...
Meridional compressive stress = = 0.583 N/mm 2 .
''×'''
Hoop stress = [cos − ]
-"#$ %
+)..&×+.
&
= '.''
[0.72− .)]
= 0.139 N/mm 2 .
= 0.502 N/mm 2 .
These stresses are low and hence provide nominal 0.3% steel.
Circular girder:
= 1545882.24+1350234.872 = 2896117.112.
= 1079631.039 N.
= 88357.29 N.
= 0.0075×4560396.668×3 = 102608.925 N.
= 114316.577 Nm.
=57296.01 Nm.
= 573878.39 N.
Shear force at the support =
, V = 286939.199.
0.913bd 2 = 114316.577×1000,
0.913×400×d 2 = 114316.577×1000,
X X
Equivalent shear force = V+1.6 = 286939.199+1.6 .
Y Y
.×.)'.×'''
= 287160.093+( ).
+''
V c = 319994.559.
9Z
&&..
Equivalent nominal shear stress v e = = = 1.42 N/mm 2 .
Y? +''×&'
c < v.
Longitudinal reinforcement:
^ `aa
X(- ) .
..+[- ]×'''
_ aa
M e = M+M t , M t = .)
= .)
= 12152705.88 Nmm.
= 1080.187 mm 2 .
Transverse reinforcement:
X∙1d 9∙1d
A sv = Y ? eEd
+ .&? , b 1 = 400−80 = 320 mm , d 1 = 600−80 = 520 mm.
eEd
= 494.27 mm 2 .
A st = 565.48 mm 2 .
Hoop stress:
Coloumns:
Coloumns should be designed for direct loads co ming upon them and for t he
bending moments caused by wind load.
+&,').,)
Vertical load on one column at top =
.
= 573878.399 N.
Let 6 be the inclinat ion of the column wit h the vert ical.
'
tan 6= '
, 6 = 5°42′ , sin 6 = 0.0995, cos 6 = = 0.995.
√'
= 22500 N
= 596378.399 N
&,
)..
,,
Corresponding axil load =
'.,,&
= 59375.2754 N
= 596378.399−362014.239
= 237361.036 N
+),..
Corresponding axial load=
'.,,&
= 238553.805 N
Then cA c + tA sc =599375.275 N
A sc =807.433 mm 2 .
'..
Min. Requirement of steel = 0.8% = ''[300×300]
=720 mm 2
More steel has been subjected since co lumn is subjected to B.M caused by wind
load.
Intze tank
@Ht=13.95 =55272 N
,.+-.+
Wind force on the circular wall = ×1.5×01200
=14220 N
=4608 N
-.
Wind force on column & braces =5×0.3×10×1200+3×
×0.3×1200
=25560 N
=55272×13.95+14220×0.8+4608×10+25560×5
=10982500Nm.
bj
Vetrical load on any column due to wind load = ∑ j^
+
∑ m2 =2×4 2 +4( ) 2 =64m2
√
Max. Wind load force in the most leeward side &the most windward side.
',.&''.+×+
= +
=68656.275 N
=596378.399 +68656.275 N
Intze tank
=665034.674 N.
&'
+.)+
Corresponding axial load = '.,,&'
=668376.556 N
=27285.39 N.
= 55272+14220+4608+25560−27285.39 = 72374.61
)
)+.
Horizontal shear column = .
= 9046.826 N.
.&
Maximum bending moment for the column = 9046.826×
= 11308.532 N.
A st = 1884 mm 2 ,
= 113229.72 N
''
= +1884×12.33[150-50] 2 = 1.582×10 9 mm 4 .
.&.×'n
Equivalent moment of inertia about full sectio n =
= 791.14×10 6 mm4.
Intze tank
?POL0 RoM?
Direct stress in concrete = = 5.9 mm 2 .
LpQPqMRLN 0oN0OLL MOLM
Design of braces:
Provide 300×300 mm bar sect ion and a doubly reinforced beam wit h equal steel at
top and bottom.
,.&.
&.×'''
A st = A sc =
'×'×'.,
= 702.357 mm2 .
)
Span of brace =2 × × sin 22°30 ′ = 2.678 m.
,.&.
&.
Shesr force for brace =
×.).
= 23887.49 N.
9
..).+,
Nominal shear stress v = =
Y?
''×'
= 0.30 N/mm 2 .
Design of foundation:
= 479500.22 N.
&)+&'.+
Net intensit y =
).,
Intze tank
= 139.9 KN/m 2 .
= 159194.073 Nm.
= 299687.63 N.
= 336550.0176 N.
9d
Equivalent nominal shear v = Y?
= 1.14 N/mm 2 , but c = 1.8N/mm 2 ,
Hence c < v .
Longitudinal reinforcement:
^ `Ga
X(- ) &'..''&[- ]×'''
_ Gaa
M e l = M+M t , M t = =
.) .)
= 15569653.82 N ,
M e l = 1000[159194.073+15569.653] = 174763.726×1000 N.
)+)
.)×'''
A st =
'×'.,×&,'
= 1430.964 mm 2 ,
Intze tank
Transverse reinforcement:
X∙1d 9∙1d
A sv = Y ? eEd
+ .&? , providing 4 legged 10 mm diamater of st irrups.
eEd
= 653.31 mm 2 ,
Provide a cant ilever project ion beyo nd the face of the beam = 0.6 m.
'.
Maximum bending moment for 1 m wide st irup = 139944.346×
Nm ,
= 2518.98 Nm.
Distribution steel:
Intze tank
= 252 mm 2 .
'''
Provide 6 bars of 8 mm diameter bars and spacing = = 160 mm clear cover.
= 2378385.311 N
14. ESTIMATION
The details of measurements of each item o f work are taken out correctly from plan
and drawing and quant it ies under each item are calculated in a tabular form named
as details of measurement form.
The cost of each item o f work is calculated in a tabular form the quant it ies alread y
computed and total cost is worked out in abstract est imate form. The rates of
different items of work are taken as per schedule o f rates or current workable rates
for finished item o f work.
Detailed estimation:
23 Plastering in CM 1 0.27
(1:6) for bracings
at 2.5m ht.(12mm)
24 Plastering in CM 1 0.24
(1:6) for bracings
at 5m ht.(12mm)
25 Plastering in CM 1 0.19
(1:6) for bracings
at 7.5m ht.(12mm)
26 Plastering in 1 4.239 J[1 + 2]
CM(1:2) for inner 2
surface o f conical = J(9+6)/2
slab(12mm)
27 Plastering in 1 4.46
CM(1:6) for outer
surface o f conical
slab(12mm)
28 Total plastering 105.53
3
29 Thick water proof 85.278
cement paint ing
for tank portion
30 white washing for 8 0.312 0.31 10.04 7.826
columns 2
31 Total white 93.104
washing
Intze tank
ABSTRACT
COLUMNS
Plastering with
CM(1:6)&(1:2),12 mm thick
Cement Mortor 105.533
1:6 cum 65.44 552 36165
1:2 cum 40.09 780 31673
Mason 1st class day 39 285 11115
Bhisthi day 14 285 3990
Mazdoor (unskilled) day 39 250 9750
Add MA 20% 18539
Add TOT 4% 3719
Grand Total 114951
Paint ing to new walls of tank portion wit h 2 coats of water proof cement paint of
approved brand and shade over a base coat of approved cement primer grade I
making making 3 coats in all to give an even shade after thourughly brushing the
surface to remove all dirt and remains o f lo ose powdered materials, including cost
and conveyance of all materials to work site and all operational, incidental, labour
charges etc. complete for finished item o f work as per SS 912 for walls
Paint ing to new co lumns of tank portion wit h 2 coats of water proof cement paint o f
approved brand and shade over a base coat of approved cement primer grade I making
making 3 coats in all to give an even shade after thourughly brushing the surface to
remove all dirt and remains of loose powdered materials, including cost and
conveyance of all materials to work site and all operational, incidental, labour charges
etc. complete for finished item of work as per SS 912 for walls
8,96,710
Intze tank
15. CONCLUSION
Storage of water in the form of tanks for drinking and washing purposes, swimming
pools for exercise and enjo yment, and sewage sedimentat ion tanks are gaining
increasing importance in the present day life. For small capacit ies we go for
rectangular water tanks while for bigger capacit ies we provide circular water tanks.
Design o f water tank is a very tedious method. Wit h out power also we can
consume water by gravitat ional force.
Intze tank is constructed to minimize the project cost why because lower do me in
this construct ion resists the horizontal thrust.
Intze tank
16. REFERENCES
Table 16.2. Coefficients for moment in cylindrical wall fixed at base (As Per IS3370)
H2 Co efficient at points
Table 1:
Intze tank
zc bc zc c {bd
M 10 3.0 2.5 _
Table 1.1:
Grade of M10 M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50
Concrete
Tensile 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2
2
Stress(N/mm )
Table 2:
Moments for circular girders
For 8 columns B.M@ B.M@ Torsion
Support centre