1 an allergy: a medical condition that causes you to react badly

or feel sick when you eat or touch a particular substance.

2 asthma: a respiratory condition where spasms in the lungs
cause difficulty in breathing. An asthmatic uses an inhaler to
calm the spasms.
3 a backache: a prolonged pain in the back.
4 a broken leg: when a bone in the leg is broken. A broken leg
is put in a cast to help immobilize the leg so that it heals quicker.
Other parts of the body with bones can also be broken, for
example a broken arm, a broken wrist etc.
5 cancer: a serious disease caused by an uncontrolled division
of abnormal cells that kill normal body cells in a part of the
body.
6 a cold: a common viral infection which causes mucus to run
from the nose, gives a sore throat and often includes sneezing.
7 a cough: the act of expelling air from the lungs with a sudden
sharp sound.
8 diarrhoea: (America English: diarrhea) an illness in which
faces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid
form.
9 an earache: pain inside the ear.
10 a fever: an abnormally high body temperature, usually
accompanied by shivering and a headache.
11 the flu: flu is the common name given for influenza. It is
a contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages that
causes fever and sever aching.
12 a headache: a continuous pain in the head.
13 heartburn: a form of indigestion felt as a burning
sensation in the chest. It is caused by acid regurgitation into the
esophagus.
14 (the) measles: an infectious viral disease causing fever
and a red rash on the skin. It typically occurs in childhood.
15 a rash: a lot of small red spots on the skin that are usually
itchy.
16 a sore throat: a condition of pain in the throat, typically
caused by inflammation of it.
17 a sprain: an injury to a joint in your body, especially your
wrist or ankle, caused by suddenly twisting it.
18 a stomachache (US) - stomach ache (Brit): The pain in a
person's belly. Notice how the word can be spelled together or as
two words, depending on the country.
19 sunburn: when the skin becomes red with inflammation
as a result of overexposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
20 a toothache: the pain in a tooth or teeth.
Illnesses
1. Ache - The ache is getting worse. What should I do?
2. Earache - I've got a horrible ear ache today.
3. Headache - I woke up with a pounding headache this morning.
4. Stomach ache - Don't eat too much chocolate or you'll get a
stomach ache.
5. Toothache - Go to the dentist for your toothache.
6. Cancer - Cancer seems to be the plague of modern life.
7. Cold - People sometimes work if they've only got a cold.
8. Cough - He has a strong cough. He should take some cough
syrup.
9. Flu - It's common to feel aches and pains, as well as have a
slight fever when you've got the flu.
10. Heart attack - A heart attack doesn't need to be fatal in modern
times.
11. Heart disease - Heart disease affects a lot of families.
12. Infection - Make sure to clean the wound so you don't get an
infection
13. Infectious disease - She caught an infectious disease at school.
14. Pain - Where do you feel the pain?
15. Virus - There is a virus going around at work. Take lots of
vitamins.
Minor Injuries
1. Bruise - I have this bruise from hitting myself with a door!
2. Cut - Put a bandage on your cut.
3. Graze - That's just a graze. It's nothing serious.
4. Wound - That wound needs to be treated by a doctor. Go to
the emergency room.
Medical Treatment
1. Bandage - Use this bandage to stop the bleeding.
2. Check-up - I have a check-up next month.
3. Dose (of medicine) - Make sure to take your dose of medicine
at ten o'clock.
4. Drugs - The doctor can prescribe drugs if necessary.
5. Injection - Some medicine is given by injection.
6. Medicine - Regularly take the medicine and you should have
no problems.
7. Operation - Ron has a serious operation on Friday.
8. Pain-killer - Opiates are a type of pain-killer that can be very
addictive.
9. Pill - Take one pill before you go to bed.
10. Tablet - Take one tablet with each meal.
11. Tranquilizer - This tranquilizer will calm your nerves so you
can rest.
People in Healthcare
1. Dentist - The dentist gave me a check-up and cleaned my
teeth.
2. Doctor - The doctor can see you now.
3. General Practitioner - Most families have a general
practitioner to help them with most needs.
4. Midwife - Many women choose to have a midwife help with
the birth of their baby.
5. Nurse - The nurse will come in to check on you every hour.
6. Patient - The patient has a broken rib and nose.
7. Specialist - The specialist was excellent but extremely
expensive.
8. Surgeon - Surgeons need to have nerves of steel as they cut
into the flesh during an operation.
Places in Healthcare
1. Hospital - I'll meet you at the hospital and we can stop in to
see Peter who's recovering from surgery.
2. Operating Room - The surgeon entered the operating room
and began the operation
3. Waiting Room - You can sit in the waiting room until he's
finished.
4. Ward - Mr. Smith is in the ward at the end of the hall.
Health-Related Verbs
1. Catch - Most people catch a cold from time to time.
2. Cure - It took the doctor six months to cure the illness.
3. Heal - A wound can take a long time to heal.
4. Hurt - The boy hurt his ankle playing basketball.
5. Injure - I injured myself climbing a tree!
6. Operate on - The surgeon will operate on the patient at three
o'clock.
7. Prescribe - The doctor prescribed an antibiotic to help the
wound heal.
8. Treat - We'll treat anyone who has a health issue.
Health-Related Adjectives
1. Fit - He's a fit young man. He shouldn't be worried.
2. Ill - Unfortunately, she looks ill today.
3. Sick - Do you feel sick?
4. Healthy - Eat healthy food and get regular exercise.
5. Unhealthy - Eating fatty foods and lots of sweets is very
unhealthy.
6. Painful - The painful arm was held in a cast.
7. Unwell - Many students are feeling unwell.
8. Well - I hope you get well soon.
Healthy living
1. healthy living;
2. healthy lifestyle;

3. to be in good health;

4. to feel well;

5. balanced diet;

6. nutritious food;

7. to have regular meals;

8. to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables;

9. proteins,

10. fats,

11. carbohydrates,

12. vitamins,

13. minerals

14. to be overweight;

15. to go on a diet;

16. to stay slim;

17. physical fitness;

18. regular exercise;

19. sports;
20. to do morning exercises;

21. to exercise regularly;

22. to play sports;

23. to go in for sports;

24. to feel well;

25. to be in good health;

26. to be physically fit;

27. to be in good shape;

28. healthy environment;

29. clean water;

30. fresh air;

31. to quit smoking = to give up smoking;

32. to sleep well = to have a good sleep = to have / to get a good

night's sleep
33. to have eight hours of sleep;

34. coping with stress = to cope with stress;

35. regular medical checkups;

36. preventing injuries and diseases.

Human body
1. body and soul;
2. flesh and blood;
3. skin and bones.
Head
head, skull, brain, face, ears, hair;

face, forehead, temples, eyebrows, eyes, cheeks, nose, mouth,

lips, chin;

eye, eyelid, eyelashes, eye socket (eye orbit), eyeball, pupil, iris,
retina, lens, optic nerve;

nose, bridge of the nose, nostrils, sinuses;

mouth, jaws, teeth, gums, tongue, tip of the tongue, hard palate,
soft palate, uvula;

tooth, teeth; front teeth, back teeth, upper teeth, lower teeth;
molar, premolar, incisor, canine tooth, wisdom tooth, milk tooth;

ear, earlobe, middle ear, eardrum.

Body
body, neck, chest, stomach, back, buttocks, arms, hands, legs,
feet;

skeleton, bone, bone marrow, spine, collarbone, breastbone, rib,

pelvis;

spine / backbone / spinal column / vertebral column; vertebra,

vertebrae; coccyx;

joint, tendon, ligament, muscle;

neck, Adam's apple, nape of the neck, throat, pharynx, larynx,

vocal cords;

torso, trunk, chest, breast, nipple, diaphragm, abdomen, navel.

Limbs
upper limbs, arm, shoulder, armpit, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand;

hand, palm, fingers, thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring

finger, little finger, fingernail;
lower limbs, leg, hip, thigh, knee, kneecap, calf, shin, ankle,
foot;

foot, feet, sole, heel, toes, big toe, little toe, toenail.

Internal organs
circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous
system, urinary tract;

heart, lung, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, stomach, gall bladder

(gallbladder), liver, small intestine, large intestine, kidney,
bladder, spleen;

aorta, artery, vein, capillary, blood, lymph, blood vessel, blood

circulation;

endocrine glands, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands,

pancreas, lymph glands;
reproductive organs, conception, pregnancy, embryo, fetus,
childbirth;

to be pregnant; to have a baby; to give birth to a male child (to a

female child);

body fluids / bodily fluids; blood (red blood cells, white blood
cells, plasma), lymph; gastric juice, bile, mucus, tears, saliva,
sweat, urine.

Blood groups / blood types

blood group A; blood group B; blood group AB; blood group O;

OR: blood type A; blood type B; blood type AB; blood type O;

Rh factor (Rhesus factor); Rh-positive blood, Rh-negative blood;

Examples: Peter has type A blood with a positive Rh factor. His

blood type is A positive. Mike is Type O negative. He is Rh
negative. Anna is type B positive. She is type B+. I am AB
negative.
Diseases and disorders
disease, malady, ailment, illness, sickness, disorder, health
problem;

chronic disease, acute disease, serious disease, heart disease,

common diseases;

infectious disease, contagious disease; communicable diseases,

noncommunicable diseases;

to have a heart disease; to suffer from asthma; to catch an

infectious disease;

minor disorder, major disorder, nutrition disorder, blood

disorders, mental disorders, congenital disorders, hereditary
disorders, hormonal disorders;

to have a minor kidney disorder; to have a serious genetic

disorder;
to fall ill; to be ill; to be sick; to be in poor health; to be in bad
shape;

to have a cold; to catch cold; to come down with a cold; to come

down with pneumonia; to go down with a cold (with
pneumonia);

to have a headache; to have a toothache; to have earache; to have

a pain in the stomach; to have chest pains; my left foot hurts; my
wrist hurts;

to have an allergy to medication (to medicines); to be allergic to

pollen (to animal hair; to smoke); to have food allergies;

to faint, to lose consciousness; to be unconscious; to regain

consciousness;

to treat, to cure, to heal; to be on the mend; to recover (from an

illness); to get well.

Specific diseases, disorders, injuries

Skin: skin irritation, skin inflammation; redness, tenderness,
swelling; rash, dermatitis, itchy skin, itching; acne, pimple, boil;
blister, burn, scar, scratch; corn, callus, wart, eczema, psoriasis.

Hair: dandruff, split ends, thinning hair, hair loss, baldness.

Eye: nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, crossed eyes,

conjunctivitis, sty, retinal detachment, cataract, glaucoma,
blindness, color-blindness.

Ear: wax blockage, hearing loss, earache, ruptured eardrum;

otitis, inflammation of the ear.

Nose, throat, lungs: nosebleed, runny nose, stuffy nose, rhinitis,

allergic rhinitis, hay fever, sinusitis, a cold, tonsillitis,
pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma.

Heart and circulation: atherosclerosis, hypertension, high blood

pressure, heart disease, coronary heart disease, coronary
thrombosis, heart failure, heart attack, cardiac arrest, congenital
heart disease, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis.
Blood: anemia, bleeding, internal bleeding, hemorrhage,
hemophilia, leukemia.

Brain and nervous system: headache, migraine, dizziness,

giddiness, vertigo, fainting spell, neuralgia, meningitis, epilepsy,
convulsions, seizure, stroke, paralysis, cerebral palsy, dementia.

Nutrition: vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency; obesity; to be

overweight; weight loss, anorexia, bulimia.

Stomach, intestines: heartburn, indigestion, dyspepsia, upset

stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gastritis, ulcer,
gastroenteritis, colitis, constipation, appendicitis, hemorrhoids,
dysentery, cholera.

Liver: hepatitis, jaundice, cirrhosis. Gall bladder: gallstones,

cholecystitis.

Kidneys, urinary bladder: pyelonephritis, kidney stones, cystitis.

Bones, joints: backache / back pain, scoliosis, osteoporosis,

arthritis.
Muscles: muscle spasm, muscle cramp, muscular dystrophy,
hernia.

Injuries: injury, wound, trauma; hand injury, knee injury, foot

injury, head injury; concussion, contusion; fracture, fractured
bone; slipped disc, prolapsed disc; dislocation, sprain, sprained
ankle, pulled muscle, bruise; to break one's arm; to have a
broken arm.

General infections, systemic infections: the flu (influenza),

tuberculosis, tetanus, rabies, yellow fever, typhoid, smallpox,
anthrax, leprosy.

Infectious diseases (especially in childhood): measles, rubella /

German measles, mumps, whooping cough / pertussis,
diphtheria, polio, chicken pox, scarlet fever.

Infestations, parasites: tapeworm, pinworm, hookworm,

roundworm; scabies, lice, fleas, ticks; malaria.
Hormonal disorders: diabetes; disorders of the pituitary gland;
disorders of the thyroid gland.

Oncology: benign tumor, malignant tumor; cancer, lung cancer,

breast cancer, stomach cancer, skin cancer.

Mental disorders: depression, phobia, schizophrenia.

Addictions: alcohol abuse, alcohol addiction; drug abuse, drug

addiction.

Medical care
Doctors, medical specialists
physician, general practitioner, family doctor; pediatrician;

surgeon, neurosurgeon, plastic surgeon, orthopedic surgeon,

orthopedist;

neurologist, dermatologist, gastroenterologist, urologist,

rheumatologist, psychiatrist, oncologist, dentist, dietician;
cardiologist (heart specialist); ophthalmologist (eye specialist);
otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat specialist);

women's doctor, gynecologist, obstetrician;

anesthesiologist, radiologist, pharmacist, veterinarian;

nurse, paramedic.

Medical examinations, tests, operations

to examine, to diagnose, to treat; examination, diagnosis,
treatment;

physical examination; to be examined by a doctor; to have a

checkup; to have a medical;

blood test, urine test, X-ray, electrocardiogram;

to take a temperature; to take a blood test; to take an X-ray;

to measure weight and height; to measure blood pressure;

to check the pulse; check your pulse rate; to take the patient's
pulse; to count the pulse; to count the heartbeats;

vaccination, immunization; medical history;

to dress the wound; to put a broken arm in a cast; to give an

injection (to give a shot);

to check into a hospital; to have an operation; to undergo an

operation;

to give a blood transfusion; to donate blood; blood donor;

tonsils removal, appendix removal, heart surgery, organ

transplantation, kidney transplant;

plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, skin graft.

Dental care
dental care, toothpaste, toothbrush, mouthwash, dental floss;

to wear braces; to have dentures;

to have a toothache; to go to the dentist;

to have a cavity; to drill the tooth; to fill the cavity; to fill the
tooth; to have a tooth filled;

to have root canal treatment; to have a tooth capped;

to have a tooth pulled; to have a wisdom tooth extracted.

Medical instruments
thermometer, eye dropper, nose dropper, hot-water bag, hot-
water bottle, heating pad, enema;

tongue depressor, stethoscope, syringe, scalpel;

bandage, sterile gauze, cotton wool, adhesive plaster, Band-Aid,
elastic bandage, tourniquet;

ice pack, sling, cast, crutches, stretcher.

Medicines
medicine, drug, medication, preparation, medicament, remedy;

a cold medicine, a medicine for a cold, cold remedies;

to prescribe medication; to give a prescription (for allergy, rash,

cough, etc.);

to take medicines; to take a pill; to take aspirin;

pill, tablet, capsule, powder, drops, syrup, tincture, lotion, spray,

ointment, cream;

analgesic (analgetic), antacid, antibiotic, tranquillizer,

contraceptive, laxative, decongestant;
antiseptic, antibacterial spray, rubbing alcohol, iodine; to paint
with iodine;

medicine chest, medicine cabinet; first-aid kit.