Science IV_Q2_L2

Causes and Treatment of

Diseases
of the Major Organs
Bones and Muscles
Injuries/Diseases
 Bones and Muscles Injuries/Diseases:
It’s Causes and Treatment

Injury - it is any harm or damage; an act or event that causes

someone or something to no longer is fully healthy or in
good condition.

Disease - an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant; a

condition that prevents the body or mind form working
normally. Common Bone and Muscle
 Common Bone and Muscle Injuries
1. Fracture - a break in the bone.
 First Aid

Fracture:
1. Let the injured person sit or lie down
2. Apply a cold compress to the injured part
3. Wrap bandage around the affected area.
 Common Bone and Muscle Injuries
2. Dislocation - it occurs when a bone in the joint is
displaced or has moved out of its proper location.
 First Aid

Dislocation:
1.Let the person sit or lie down to avoid further
injury.
2.Do not try to pull or massage the affected area.
3.Apply a cold compress.
4.Seek medical attention immediately.
 Common Bone and Muscle Injuries
3. Sprain - an injury to a ligament caused by excessive
stretching.
 First Aid

Sprain:
1. Let the person sit or lie down
2. Apply a cold compress to the sprain.
3. It the wrist or elbow is injured, place it in a sling.
4. Apply an elastic bandage that is not so tight on the
sprained joint.
5. Let the injured ankle/footrest for 2 to 3 days.
 Common Bone and Muscle Injuries
4. Cramp - a strong muscular contraction that can be
very painful.
 Bone Disease
1. Osteoporosis - a common
disorder caused by the
thinning and weakening of
bones usually experience by
elderly people. The bones
become brittle and weak.
 Bone Disease
2. Arthritis - a common joint
disorder characterized by
inflammation of the fingers
and joints in the body.
 Bone Disease
3. Rickets - a bone condition
caused by a deficiency of
vitamin D usually observed in
children. Persons with rickets
have very weak bones causing
bone deformation.
 Bone Disease
4. Polio - it is an acute
infection caused by a virus
that attacks the nerve cells of
the brain and spinal cord
resulting in paralysis.
 STOMACH
Injuries/Diseases
 Common Ailments
Related to Digestion
Ulcer / Hyperacidity - gastric pain
or heartburn

Causes:
1. not eating on time
2. too much intake of acidic drinks and food.

Treatment:
1. eat regularly and on time
2. avoid eating acidic food/liquor
3. eat a balanced diet
 Common Ailments
Related to Digestion
Diarrhea– frequent moving of the bowel with
watery stool.
Causes:
1. infection in the intestines by microorganism
2. Irregular contraction of the intestines
Treatment:
1. drink plenty of water and juices to prevent from loss of
water in the body
2. eat soft food during the onset of ailment
3. proper hygiene prevents the disease
4. proper handling of food
 Common Ailments
Related to Digestion
Constipation– difficult elimination of dry
and hard stool or feces and heaviness of
stomach.
Causes:
1. lack of water and fiber in food taken
2. improper bowel movements
3. poor hygiene
Treatment:
1. drink plenty of water and juice
2. eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
 Common Ailments
Related to Digestion
Appendicitis– inflammation of the
appendix
Cause:
1. irritation from undigested food that
may block it
Treatment:
1. get immediate medical attention
 Common Ailments
Related to Digestion
Indigestion– caused by too much or
rapid eating or drinking.

Causes:
1. overeating and drinking
2. stress and anxiety
3. contaminated food/water with bacteria
Treatment:
1. change of eating habit or diet
2. observe proper eating habits
 Common Ailments
Related to Digestion
Gastroenteritis– caused by bacterial
infection from taking
contaminated food and water.
Cause:
- taking contaminated food and water
Treatment:
- get medical attention and take
prescribed medicine
Kidney Diseases/Disorders
 Kidney Diseases/Disorders and it’s Treatment

Nephritis - an inflammation of some parts of the kidneys

reducing its ability to filter blood.

Kidney stones- also known as “renal calculi” is composed of calcium

and waste products containing nitrogen.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)- an inflammation of any part of the

urinary tract due to bacterial infection. Hematuria- the presence of
blood in the urine caused by
infection.
Kidney Diseases/Disorders and it’s Treatment
Nephritis
Kidney Diseases/Disorders and it’s Treatment
Kidney stones
Kidney Diseases/Disorders and it’s Treatment
UTI
 Kidney Diseases/Disorders and it’s Treatment

How to Care for the Kidney:

1. Drink 8-10 glasses of water or more everyday.
2. Keep your genital area clean.
3. Eat a balanced diet.
4. Urinate frequently
5. Avoid too much sweets and salty
 Heart And Lung
Diseases/Disorders
 Common Heart Ailments

High-blood pressure/ hypertension

--it is characterized by a sudden rise of
blood pressure
 Common Heart Ailments

Anemia
- it is characterized by the blood’s inability
to produce enough hemoglobin, the oxygen-
carrying pigment of the red blood cells or
RBC
 Common Heart Ailments

Leukemia
-it occurs when there is an increase in WBC
count
 Common Heart Ailments

Heart attack
-it occurs when blood clot or fat gets lodged
in blood vessels which blocks the passage of
blood to the heart
 Common Heart Ailments

Rheumatic fever
-it is a complication of a throat infection
 Common Heart Ailments
Treatment of Heart Ailments:
1. Minimize your intake of salt/sodium and
fatty food. Too much salt
may cause complications in other organs
like the kidney.
2. Get enough rest and sleep.
3. Exercise regularly.
 Common Lung Ailments

Asthma
a condition where a
person experiences
difficulty in breathing
 Common Lung Ailments

Rhinitis it is
characterized by
sneezing, nasal
discharge
and itchiness in the
nasal passage
 Common Lung Ailments

Bronchitis
It is characterized
by persistent
coughing and
sometimes fever
 Common Lung Ailments

Pneumonia it is an inflammation of the

lungs. A person with
pneumonia has a cough that produces
yellow-green phlegm
 Common Lung Ailments

Cold it is marked by sneezing, runny

nose, coughing, sore throat, and
sometimes fever and headache.
 Common Lung Ailments

Tuberculosis it is an acute or chronic

infectious disease of the
lungs. It is highly communicable
 Common Lung Ailments

Lung Cancer

it develops in response to prolonged

exposure to
irritants like tobacco smoke
 Common Lung Ailments
Treatment of Lung Ailments:
1. Patients should stay home and rest. Separate him/her
from other members of the family.
2. Give the patient the prescribed medicine.
3. Keep the surroundings clean. Open the windows to allow
fresh air.
4. Feed the patient with nutritious food.
5. If the patient has fever, give him/her a sponge bath.
Change his/her clothes regularly.
Brain Diseases
 Brain Diseases: It’s Causes and Treatments
Migraine - It is an intense pain in the head caused
by stress, fatigue and
sometimes hunger.
 Brain Diseases: It’s Causes and Treatments
Stroke – It occurs when there is blood clot or
broken blood vessels going to the brain. This can
lead to temporary or permanent disability
of the muscles to move some parts of the body.
 Brain Diseases: It’s Causes and Treatments
Epilepsy - This is a disorder due to irregular
electrical signals in the brain. This results to
unsteady or trembling of the body (seizures) and
loss of consciousness. This disorder is due to
chemical poisoning and head disturbance
 Brain Diseases: It’s Causes and Treatments
Parkinson’s Diseases- It is characterized by
shaking, trembles and rigidity of the muscles in
the face.
 Care for the Brain
1. Eat a balanced diet.
2. Exercise daily.
3. Avoid harmful substances like alcohol, cigarettes and drugs.
4. Get enough rest.
5. Have a positive outlook in life
6. Talk with others.
7. Get vitamin D daily.
8. Play small brain games often.
9. Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily