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CLIMACT
CLIMATE BEACONS NETWORK

THE
MAGAZINE
VISION OF SUSTANIABILITY
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, APRIL 2019
CALL FOR CLIMATE

WARRIORS!
YOUR PLANET NEEDS YOU!
UNITE TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE.
EVEN THE CLIMATE HAS CHANGED, CAN WE?
1 QUARTERLY MAGAZINE
MESSAGE FROM OUR

FOUNDER AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
On behalf of Climate Beacons Network (CBN),

welcome to our magazine – this platform is to
move way forward for creative ideas, new
approaches and innovative solution for the
country.
We’ve launched our magazine because it’s the next

step in transforming the Climate Beacons
Network’s image in Pakistan. I’m proud that
although we have modified a lot of our practices,
still we keep the others in harmony, with hard
work, flexibility and creativeness. CBN is still
committed to execute its financial and human
resources to build the capacity among individuals,
institutions and organizations in order to enhance
the quality of environmental health and human life
in Pakistan.
Through our magazine, you will discover our commitment to our country and local people.
Our focus then and now is to tackle the climate challenges to work proactively with our
community members to find the best solutions and applications to assure ‘sustainable’ long
term relationships. Our magazine allows us to connect with the Pakistan’s community,
citizens and nonprofit organisations in a timely and dynamic manner.
If you have ideas for what to include on the magazine, or subjects to explore in the
magazine, please let me know!
TAYYAB SHAFIQUE
MEET OUR TEAM
Editor In Chief Executive Editor

Mr. Tayyab Shafique Dr. Hashim Zuberi
Scientific Editor Associate Editor

Dr. Aamir Alamgir Dr. Amin Qureshi
Senior Editor Section Editor

Ms. Syeda Urooj Fatima Ms. Rabia Majeed
Editor Quality Assurance Editor

Ms. Sara Altaf Mr. Ali Aslam
Issue Reviewer Coordination Manager

Mr. Jibran Khalid Mr. Abubakar
OUR THINK TANK

Dr. Abdullah Rajper Dr. Amin Qureshi
Dr. Hina Shehnaz Dr. Kishan Chand
Dr. Zafar Iqbal Shams Dr. Rukhsana Tariq
Engr. Saadat Ali Engr. Zohair Ahmed
Engr. Majid Chang Engr. Kashif Noor
Engr. Muneer Ahmed Advocate Javed Haleem
Ms. Kanwal Nazim Ms. Kayla Soren
Ms. Shabina Faraz Ms. Ibtasama Khatoon
Ms. Shiza Khan Durani Ms. Sumaira Zafar
Mr. Rafi ul Haq Mr. Tahir Mehmood
Mr. Abdul Basit Mr. Aijaz Abro
Mr. Muhammad Ali Bhatti Mr. Faizan Mirani
Mr. Hafiz Baseer Khan Mr. Sikander Sherwani
Mr. Nadeem Mirbahar Mr. Syed Nasar Alam
Welcome!
JOIN HANDS WITH SUSTAINABILITY
THE CLIMACT
MAGAZINE
AN INITIATIVE OF

ESTABLISHED SINCE 2014
WHO
WE
ARE?
Since 2014, Climate Beacons Network has worked to

protect the environment and the global community against
climate change impacts while providing awareness and
building the capacity among them. CBN is engaged to make
the young and enthusiastic students and professionals to
get familiar with the fact that
“What our environment is demanding from us and what
can we do to combat with climate change?”
Answering this question, CBN has established a platform
where potential Policy Makers, Scientists, Professionals,
Activists and Youth may gather and put their creative ideas
on a practical desk.
OUR INITIATIVES
CBN has mission to halt and reverse the impacts of climate

change and natural resource depletion while implementing
the adaptation and mitigation mechanism. Further, to engage
in vibrant campaigns, raising awareness and mobilization of
youth is a part of our inspirational mission. CBN envisions to
create a sustainable and peaceful world in which humans can
live with harmony in nature. Our vision is to develop a society
8
in fulfilment with the SDGs. QUARTERLY MAGAZINE
CBN believes in
collaborative
actions and always
supports to other
organizations
efforts which are
significant for
environmental
betterment. CBN
CBN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR BRIEFING ON SDGs
has organized (TRAINING SESSION)
various climate
change awareness
and capacity
building trainings in
Industries,
Academia and at
community level, as
well as supported a
number of events of
other
organizations.
CBN PLANTATION ACTIVITIES AT GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL

9 MEHRO PEELO (CHAKWAL)
QUARTERLY MAGAZINE
CONTENTS
Pakistan’s War Against Global Warming Mr. Tayyab Shafique 1
A Journey Through a Climate Victim and Poverty-Stricken
Ms. Syeda Urooj Fatima 3
Country
Climate Change: A Myth or Reality Mr. Ameer Ali 5
Shared Health Impacts of Climate Change Ms. Amna Akhtar 8
Impacts of Climate Change on Indigenous People Mr. Fazal Ur Rahim Awan 10
Creature's Breath - Climate Ms. Iqra Asghar 14
Industrialization and Environmental Deterioration Ms. Sana Fatima 16
Problems being Faced by Pakistan for Achieving SDGs Ms. Tahira Afzal 18
Economical Water Usage Mr. Muhammad Abubakar 19
Luckily Earth Do Not Have Tongue Mr. Zeeshan Qasim 22
Climate Change Who Will Pay the Cost? Ms. Syeda Zinnia Iqbal 24
Smog in Pakistan Ms. Humera Qasim Khan 26
The End of Anthropocene Ms. Amna Riaz 28

Mr. Muhammad Zohair
Australia: Warning Signs of Climate Change Emergence 30
Ahmed Khan
Break Free Plastic Movement Mr. Abdul Haseeb 32
Ms. Omama Iqbal &
Foundation Fighting Poverty (FFP) 34
Ms. Noor-ul-Ain Kaludi
Climate Change and Farmers of Punjab Mr. Nasar Alam 35
Brief of Cleaner Production Mechanism Mr. Kashif Iqbal Butt 38
Nature Conservation Alliance Pakistan Mr. Mujtaba Haider Zaidi 40
Wahab’s Climate Acts. What’s Yours? Mr. Wahab Bukhari 41
Quarterly News Updates 43
PAKISTAN’S WAR AGAINST GLOBAL

WARMING
TAYYAB SHAFIQUE
F acing the brunt of global

warming, Pakistan is
experiencing crisis in the discipline of
natural resources due to extreme
weather events and their increased
frequencies. Drought, floods,
temperature and precipitation
variation have already been altered
throughout the country. The major
fact regarding the country wise
contribution in greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions is that the Pakistan has
very low figure in terms of the cause
of global warming and climate inauguration of “Clean and Green Pakistan”
change. aims to launch a tree plantation drive while
providing a clean and green country for future
However, in terms of vulnerability, currently,
generations. Moreover, the recent Conference
Pakistan is the 7th most victim country to the
of Parties (COP-24) held in Katowice, Poland in
impacts of climate change. Whilst this
2018 under the dilemma of United Nations
situation, the Government of Pakistan has
Framework for Convention and Climate
taken a number of initiatives and actions for
Change has put enormous pressure on
adaptation and mitigation to climate change.
Pakistan due to double fold challenges due to
Unfortunately, at the same time, the limited
financial resources always hinder the large- the progressing temperature and the financial
constraints. Besides this, the role of Pakistan
scale projects at national level. Besides the
is still extremely significant in COP-24.
challenges in the plight of climate change, in
Fortunately, the vigorous participation of the
the past two years, Pakistan has demonstrated
federal climate change advisor, Malik Amin
its remarkable achievements to combat the
Aslam, has put the tireless efforts to make
climate change and its impacts. Fortunately,
Pakistan a responsible country towards
newly elected government of Pakistan has
combating the climate change. COP-24 has
brought a revolutionary turnaround in
brought positive results for all the countries of
Pakistan in context of climate change. The
the world as well as for Pakistan.
This achievement is a positive and remarkable

indication which reflects that the current
Pakistani government is taking the climate
change as a serious and worth taking issue for Pakistan has elected as
the country and it is committed to minimize the
vulnerability against climate change in long-
“vice-president” and
term ways. The recent trans-boundary conflicts “rapporteur” of the COP.
among Pakistan and its neighboring country
“India” are also connected with the climate
change and natural resources. Since the India’s
attack on Pakistan is quite evident that India’s On behalf of whole Pakistani youth and CBN
warplanes dropped payload in the Pakistan’s team, I pledge that being a peace-maker
forested area which injured a number of trees country, Pakistan is committed to create a
and nearby resident areas. The purpose to greener, sustainable and peaceful atmosphere
and positive relationships with countries of the
discuss this glimpse of the war-based
world. I must recommend that policy makers
intensions of India is that both of the countries
should focus to fight climate change rather than
should fight against climate change by planning war among nations.
combined efforts rather than war against each
other.
Both India and Pakistan are coupled

headings under the threats of climate
change since both have controversial
issues on the availability and
ownership of transboundary-shared
natural resources, such as water. To
prevent a bigger water war between
the two neighbor countries and to
promote the peace, it is necessary to
minimize the climate change induced
conflict particularly in the sector of
water.
About the Author

Mr. Tayyab Shafique is the Founder and Executive Director at CBN. He is an
Environmentalist and Consultant and engaged in in shaping the global response to
climate change and to address the lack of support available to youth in the environment
sector.
A JOURNEY THROUGH A CLIMATE VICTIM

AND POVERTY-STRICKEN COUNTRY
SYEDA UROOJ FATIMA
P
compared to the annual averages, expanded the
akistan, a climate victim and poverty- frequency of extreme events, floods and
stricken country, having poor drought, and are responsible for vegetation and
availability of natural resources, is on 7 rank in
th
agricultural pattern shift. These indicators of
terms of climate vulnerability index. A journey climate change are strongly interrelated with
through Pakistan attracts the interest of policy the poverty profile of Pakistan. Moreover, since
makers, academia and governmental bodies to Pakistan is an agrarian country, 67% of the
estimate the damages exacerbated by climate population of the country live in rural areas is
change. Enlisting such damages, climate dependent on agriculture, facing exacerbating
change has drastically altered the poverty poverty and resource scarcity due to reduction
profile, livelihood, living standards and in crop yield, conflicts over land availability, and
socioeconomic values of the societies, change in crop pattern and associated
particularly those, who have been already economic issues.
scarce in terms of environmental and natural
Despite all these facts, the global policy makers
resources.
and institutes have focused towards the
betterment of the society and the United
Nations have set 17 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) in 2015. Among these goals,
poverty eradication has been set as the first
priority goal to achieve till 2030. Alarmingly,
Pakistan and rest of the world has left with only
12 years to achieve these goals.
Pakistan, due to its geographical location is
significantly rely on the climatic variables. In
addition to this, UNDP reported that during a
period of 1990 to 2017, Pakistan’s Human
Development Index (HDI) has been increased
Although, the contribution of Pakistan in
from 0.404 to 0.562, which ranks the Pakistan at
greenhouse gas emission is very low, but it is
150 out of 189 states. According to this index,
one of the most vulnerable country due to the
Pakistan has been categorized as a medium
climatic variations. These variations have
human development country.
shrunk the availability of natural resources,
altered the precipitation and temperature as
However, poverty and climate dynamics of impacts are pushing the poor population into
Pakistan indicate that poverty is not a static and extreme poorer condition.
one-way process. There are different sources
As a result, most of the population is migrating
which push and pull the people to enter and
move out from the phase of poverty. Keeping in
mind these facts, one can think that climate
change has coupled these problems by many
folds. For instance, WHO reported that heat
shocks, one of the impacts of climate change,
are the major drivers of poverty pushing a large
number of populations into poverty. In addition
to this, climate change also alters the flow of
people who are escaping the poverty. Moreover,
the country has experienced extreme drought
conditions from 1997 to 2000. Similarly, flood of
2010 affected a huge population of Pakistan.
from rural to urban areas causing different
The aforesaid condition indicates the extreme types of conflicts and humans settlement
vulnerability of Pakistan towards climate issues. The main impact of this migration is due
change which caused losses to human to the conflict over natural resources, such as
settlements due to limited mitigation and water, of the welcoming area which is already
adaptation strategies. In contrast to this, during limited to the existing population. Despite the
flooding season most of the agricultural land climatic changes and its related impacts, the
destroys due to water logging issues. Sea water problem of weak governance, elite powers and
intrusion is also on its way to damage the political instability are also playing significant
agricultural areas, particularly in low lying role in reducing the community resilience.
coastal regions of Sindh. Not only Southern Secondly, the rural communities are very less
Pakistan, population of Northern areas of aware regarding climate change and its impacts
Pakistan are also facing the similar dilemma on their life style and development. Therefore,
due to variation in climate variables. Pattern of vulnerability of communities to existing
snow fall, agricultural activities, crop growth, environmental risks is needed to be explored in
sowing and harvesting of agricultural crops, parallel to poverty and climate change in
fruits and vegetables and other associated Pakistan.
livestock is seriously affected. These climatic
About the Author

Ms. Syeda Urooj Fatima is Senior Editor at CBN Quarterly Magazine and M.Phil.
Scholar in Environmental Science. Currently, she is serving as Research Fellow in
the discipline of climate change and GIS at Institute of Environmental Studies,
University of Karachi.
CLIMATE CHANGE:
A MYTH OR REALITY
AMEER ALI
I
moves ahead against the flow of the
t is still quite disheartening to look at the catastrophic disaster. The very photo, in fact,
miserable plight of Puerto Rico’s climate portrays the cruelties inflicted upon human
change refugees. (One would find so many such beings by the rapid changes that take place in
pictures on the net). Not too far ago, the the earth’s atmosphere. Does the responsibility
ruthless daughter of climate change, Hurricane not fall on human beings for all these gruesome
Maria, wreaked havoc in Puerto Rico, and it changes? Are we really bent upon destroying
almost toppled down the daily life of the region. our mother planet? Why should the temporary
This climatic catastrophe has been well interests be valued more at the stake of
captured in photos by the climate journalists; people’s lives? Although there are a few people
the photos add to already growing degree of who claim that climate change is a myth, but the
concern for the future of mankind. One such weather volatility, global warming, constant
picture that went viral throughout social media, increase in sea levels, and growing
Let’s say, this with sublime confidence, actually desertification around the world irrefutably
narrates the grim condition of a climate change stand by the fact that climate change is a very
affected family. The picture clearly shows a serious threat to mankind and their planet. The
woman who is struggling in the face of furious phenomenon of climatic disaster is brought
wave of flood; simultaneously, the desperate about mainly by the careless, self-interest-
woman carrying a baby on her back, holding oriented approach of people.
another tightly, and guiding her daughter,
Moreover, this inevitable, atmospheric
change unfortunately has resulted into
many calamitous incidents, such as
the quickened loss of polar ice and
species; it has also disrupted the
natural process of life. If timely
measures are not taken to counter the
grave threat, it would plunge human
species into the terrible pit of
extinction.
causes, the disastrous calamity of climate

In contrast, there are a few skeptics who believe
change has also been pushed up by the natural
that environmentalists use the specter of
changes occurring both in the universe and on
catastrophic climate change to pursue an
the earth’s surface. The natural forces really
agenda of their own, one that places nature over
play a significant role in rise of the earth’s
the needs of people. This propagandized claim is
temperature that inevitably speeds up the
actually asserted to disrupt the reality of
process of change in global, climatic patterns.
planetary emergency. Similarly, Donald Trump,
One of the most dangerous, natural causes, that
the American President, claims that climate
is undoubtedly beyond one’s power to stop it, is
change is ‘a hoax’ invented by the Chinese to
the change which takes place in the solar
attack the United States’ manufacturing
system. It is a scientifically accepted fact that
industry. Moreover, there are even some
whenever orbital variations bring both the sun
scientists who maintain that the lack of
and the earth much closer to each other, the
universal agreement about the quantitative
physical closeness always increases the
magnitude of anthropogenic global warming
latter’s atmospheric temperature. Moreover,
proves the reality of climate change denial. In
the green house gasses, such as carbon
summary, there is a group of people that takes it
dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Sulphur dioxide
for granted that climate change is a constructed
that naturally occur in the air or sometimes
myth. Meanwhile, scientific findings have
erupted by volcanic explosions actually function
repeatedly revealed that anthropogenic causes
as ‘trace gasses’ by entrapping the earth’s
are main culprits that actually quicken the pace
radiation. This process hastens the extreme,
of climatic crisis. Abundant amount of carbon
volatile changes of weather. These natural
dioxide in atmosphere generated by man’s
phenomena actually prove that climate change
thoughtless activities, such as the continued
is a factual truth. Scientists have long cautioned
process of industrialization, in fact, paves the
way for planetary chaos. To say it much more that, as the planet warms, weather patterns will
go berserk. This is exactly what is happening
precisely, the rising energy demand, especially
with our planet right now. This last summer
in developing Asia leads to both
from Seattle to Siberia, wildfires have
industrialization and carbon concentrations in
mercilessly consumed large swathes of the
the earth’s atmosphere. Since the human
northern hemisphere. Furthermore, fire in
beings extravagantly burn fossil fuels to actuate
California created such heat as it generated its
industrial machines and thereby producing so
own patterns of weather. Recently, flames that
many commodities and so much interest, their
ravaged through a coastal area near Athens
careless activities are hurling this earth to an
disastrously killed about ninety one people.
utter doom. Similarly, the excavation of mines
Roughly speaking, about one hundred and
by man releases many gasses stuck
twenty five people have already died in Japan as
underground which always beget chaos in the
the result of a heatwave that that pushed the
atmosphere after the gasses are released to
temperatures in Tokyo above forty degree
the surface of the earth. For instance, the
centigrade for the first time in the city’s history.
release of methane gas from the mines mostly
Such calamities, as were once considered to be
entails heatwaves and extreme, volatile
freakish, have now become commonplace. Yet
weathers. Even much more careless act on the
another impact of the climate change is the
part of people is deforestation; the process of
quickened melting of ice caps that results in the
cutting down trees in great numbers is also
extinction of polar species and the rise in sea
bringing forth warming in the world’s
levels. The increasing temperatures are badly
temperature. Thus, it is right enough to say that
hitting at the layers of snow on the mountainous
the change in climate patterns has mostly been
regions.
caused by man. Apart from human induced
must make climate friendly nuclear power

This occurring has very devastating impacts on
biodiversity. The polar bears, penguins and easily available, cost effective and popular.
some other polar species will die away if the Thus, India and China, especially must rethink
current patterns of climate persist. plans to rely heavily on coal to electrify their
Additionally, the rise of oceanic levels countries. Similarly, common people are also
atrociously brings about destruction of the low required to employ hybrid modes of
lying areas and the people living in those areas. transportation that effectively help in reducing
Hence, climate change is ripping our planet the earth’s temperature. Moreover, both
apart with its ruthless claws. So far, most government and people should take initiatives
countries of the world have been at sixes and to plant trees in desertified areas and fertile
sevens when it comes to counter collectively regions. This is exactly what Jordan is doing
the climatic threat, however, they have entered currently in her deserts. The process of
into treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol or the afforestation would abundantly help in
panels, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on sustaining the characteristic volatility of the
Climate Change. Following the developed earth’s weather. Hence, the phenomenon of
countries’ path to industrialized development,
climate change can be sufficiently slowed
the developing countries are mostly unwilling down. Finally, it is sufficed to say that the above
to come to the terms of the treaties and thus facts and figures cogently refute the very claim
refuse to surrender their soaring demands of that ‘climate change is a myth’. Contrarily, the
energy. Similarly, in Paris Climate Conference, ground realities reveal the fact that global
many countries that attended the conference warming is an undeniable truth. So, much of it
vowed to keep warming ‘well below two degree depends on humans and how they react to the
centigrade’ relative to pre-industrial levels, but growing danger.
unfortunately greenhouse gas emissions are up
again.
Two years ago, for the first time in four years,

demand for coal rose. Much to the planet’s
misfortune, these steps have actually failed up
to much extent in curbing effectively the
climatic calamity. The above facts clearly show
that the world is slowly losing its war against
climate change. This calamity would indeed
defeat mankind unless timely measures are
taken to tackle the grave threat. In this regard,
the world countries will have to pursue
industrialization with wisdom whereby they
About the Author

Mr. Ameer Ali is an English major who has been writing passionately about the
current issues. He has had his graduation from NUML, Islamabad, where he excelled
himself. Currently, he is pursuing MS English degree at University of Sindh,
Jamshoro.
SHARED HEALTH IMPACTS OF

CLIMATE CHANGE
AMNA AKHTAR
C limate change has become one of the

global emerging issues in this decade. It
is one of the major environmental problems
to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A
severe heat wave of temperature as high as 49
degree centigrade struck in southern part of
Pakistan in June 2015. It caused the deaths of
which have altered our ecological systems in about 2000 people from dehydration, heat
almost every region of earth. It is impacting exhaustion and heat stroke. This event also
socially, economically and ecologically. For followed in India taking thousands of lives.
example rise of sea-levels in coastal regions
due to melting of glaciers, tsunamis, increased LACK OF FOOD PRODUCTION
concentration of rainfall, floods and severe
droughts, sea-water intrusion in ground water Climate change has resulted in lack of global
aquifers, heat and cold waves, rate in change of food production. Developing countries are
diseases etc. Climate change is often the mostly facing this problem. About 840 million
promoter of transmission of diseases into new people are undernourished, either suffering
region as well as causing health effects to from hunger, food borne illnesses or low
human population .Many species of animals are nutrition valued food. Extreme patterns of
unable to adapt the rapid changes due to temperature and precipitation can damage
climatic patterns thus thriving to survive. crops and livestock. Poor practicing in
agricultural sector is reducing the nutritional
content of food. Increase in droughts in some
areas attracts crop pests which may
contribute to the development of liver disease
in people. Several countries have also
developed Health Impact Assessment to cope
with the food security challenges.
HEAT WAVES
In case of frequent heat waves, the projected

trend in climate change has brought various
diseases and illness. It has particularly harmed
children, elder people and those who are prone
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
FAZAL UR RAHIM AWAN
C limate change is a global issue; every

country is willing to resolve it. Pakistan
is included in those countries that are seriously
effecting from negative impacts of climate
change. In the following article, and I want to
present my observations on the implications of
fog, water, migration of people and pollution. In
addition to this, I want to explain some the major
causes of this issue such as deforestation, lack
of interest in new planting, sudden forest fires,
consideration of existing resources as
unimportant and pollution of solid waste,
industrial smoke, dust and waters. For getting
UNEXPECTED RAINS AND WEATHERS
rid of harmful effects of climates and pollutions,
the possible solutions to these issues, are also No raining on times and non-growths of
parts of this article. flowers, herbs and other natural products on
specific seasons are the major signs of
Before writing something on the reasons and
climate change, stoppage in the raining for the
effects of climate change I also including some
long periods becomes a cause of drought,
suggestions for safety and protection in this
hunger and inflation. Agriculture is the life of
article, I will let you know about some personal
our economy if it is being affected due to
observations and studies about the effects of
climate change, the future generations can
climate on local community.
face a major loss. In the month of January
FOG 2019, community our areas made a bridge
from wood, which need was never felt before.
For the last few years, people of Punjab and Continuous rains in the past were pouring in
Sindh are observing a deep fog in the winter; to early or mid-March, Water temperature is not
protect people from accidents motor way is cold enough at this time and it was easily
closed for long times and flights timings are interrupted. Raining of rains in low lying areas
postponed. Traffic rush increases on GT roads also snow on hill top in the last week of
and people have to face delay in destination. January 2019 made the temperature of water
Sometimes the fog is so high that nothing is very cold.
seen at the slightest distance. Due to severe fog,
so far, many people have been injured and
killed‫۔‬After the rain, the fog starts to decrease.
strategies like safe and clean supply of water,

VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
proper water use and its treatment, protection
Warmer climate can contribute in rate of disease of wetlands can be the control of spread of such
vectors in many regions. Malaria, Dengue, diseases.
Yellow fever etc. are vector borne diseases
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
which are becoming resistant. Malaria has alone
caused 1 million child deaths globally. Extreme climatic events have brought
infrastructure damage and high rates of
morbidity and mortality. Such events has
impacted on human mental and physical health,
injuries, outbreaks of endemic diseases In
Africa mortality and morbidity rates are high
due to hunger, poverty and illnesses. Adaptation
and mitigation in such areas is difficult and
costly but implementing them can reduce the
damage. U.S and Caribbean have agreed to
achieve Millennium Development Goal in 2015
for reducing under age 5 mortality rates in
children.
Zoonotic diseases like Avian Flu can be

transferred from animals to humans either by
contact or by the vectors which carry these
pathogens to from animals to humans. Many of
these diseases prevail in warmer regions and
are susceptible to deteriorate the human health
and ecosystems. Developing new pesticides in
control of such diseases and working in alliance
with other countries should be the priority
which can lower the resistant period of these
pathogens.
WATER-BORNE DISEASES
Water-borne diseases are a wave of burden in

There is no simple solution of climate change to
those countries where there is no safe water to
address. A multiple prolonged strategy is
drink and lack of cleanliness. Cholera, diarrhea
required for the betterment of the earth.
and other gastrointestinal illnesses has
Monitoring through historical data of events and
affected many people. In many parts of the
adopting Early Warning systems for any
world almost 2 million deaths per year by
incidents must be implemented. We need to
diarrheal diseases are recorded. Outbreaks of
develop holistic strategies that can reduce the
these diseases are due to the change of
outcome of environmental hazards which can
precipitation events and floods which is
pose threats to the health of plants, animals and
favorable condition for the growth of many
human population.
microbes. Changes in ocean ecosystem, sea
water intrusion, cross contamination can pose a
serious risk of such diseases. Mitigation
these changes are also present in mountainous

areas. Due to earthquakes, poor landowners,
decrease in crops, unemployment and lack of
facilities, the population of people has been
displaced to urban areas. A large part of our
livelihoods belongs to the affair of rural areas. A
In the presence of favorable environment many
people of rural areas are engaged in the
business of goat and animal farming and huge
amounts of beef, mutton, honey and milk are
exported to urban areas. Woods are very
important for the construction of homes;
manufacturing of tools handles and sports
equipment’s, even the sticks of the match, which
In these circumstances, the legs of the children
are the main needs of each house, are prepared
and local people started sleeping and feeling
from woods, Forest reserves are also in rural
unhealthy in the water while moving forward. A
areas. Raw material for cement and iron
moment of carpentry was necessary to remove
industry is also natural production of
temporary this problem of whole community.
mountainous areas. Grass is a basic
Water shortages are also affected by electricity
requirement for making paper pulp and it is
delivery; people have to bear load shedding in
obtained from the villages. Rural chicken eggs
extreme heat. When the power generation dams
are obtained from villages. Large quantities of
do not meet the water, electricity production will
medicinal herbs are arriving in herbal
be affected, this will create an industrial crisis,
laboratories and herbal stores for the
and the production of lack will increase
unemployment. We have witnessed these production of medicines. The importance of
conditions.
WATERMILLS
The use of flour for water mill is

a part of our culture. This is an
ancient technology, which is
operated by the source of water
pressure. Most of the water
mills have been closed due to
shortage of waters. The jobs
associated with them are also
affected. Those who look
forward to getting pure flour are
to go away very far for this
purpose.
rural areas cannot be ignored in the light of
MIGRATION FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS these benefits. Immigrants from rural areas to
urban areas are not fit for economy and climate.
Looking for better is a part of human nature, To survive rural economic and climates we have
where there is an impact on environmental to explore more opportunities of investment and
changes living in urban areas; the effects of industry in these areas.
tested that throwing paste of these leaves

EFFECTS OF POLLUTIONS
around the cot respells away the mosquitoes.
Most of readers have seen the teams of children
in various streets hanging waste bags, most of
them belong with the families of refuges. Due to
poverty they have left educational activities and
thousands of numbers of children have been
engaged in the collection of waste materials.
These children also collect waste items from
hospitals. Also pick up used syringes; these
items directly affect their health. Moreover,
anybody does not like to keep an empty plastic
bag in his home ant throwing away the plastic
bags, sometime including with the skins of
vegetable and fruits has become a tradition. The
empty packets of Tetra pack including with a
quantity of milk is also added with this waste.
The mosquitoes get food on these dumps; REASONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
people get malaria by cutting the mosquitoes.
This process of blurring causes infections, DEFORESTATION
germs, malaria and dengue virus diseases Now I would like to state about the major
spread every year millions of people worldwide reasons of climate Change, in this regard the
have died of the disease ‫۔‬As a precautionary deforestation is on the top of list. These
measure, the villagers burn wet wood or leaves activities are continued as the sources of
burnt in the process that smoke is also
earning by many people, cutting woods from
vulnerable to health. Perfume, mosquito netting forests and selling them on cheap rates are the
and repellents methods are used in different parts of their daily routine. Due to these
ways ‫۔‬I personally experimented with it. I came activities Oxygen is being reduced and carbon
dioxide is being increased which is a major
cause of effecting O Zone layers.
NON-IMPORTANCE
Any person of local community does not like to

damage a branch of fruit tree because he earns
by the selling of its fruits while the persons of
local community do not give importance to forest
trees. Giving importance to value added trees and
knowing all other as useless is the part of human
nature; in this regard many people do not like to
play their positive roles in firefighting. WE have
obtained historically protected resources of
to know that the oil that is prepared for trees from our elders and leaving same are more
mosquitoes repelling is made by the mixing of quantities for next coming generation is our
eucalyptus Oil. I grinded the leaves of eucalypts major responsibility.
on hand legs and face and the mosquitoes ran
away. I also heard from older generation and
trees are still known as use less while they can

To achieve this task, we have to grow maximum
be used in the productivity of various
plant. Conservation of oldest trees is also an
handmade products, to protect them we have
important part of our responsibilities, in the hot
to start campaigns, we have to aware the
seasons they provide us cool shades and
public, It is also important to develop the
maintain the temperature of earth, a period of
industry of nurseries and plantation, we have
some years is required for plant to become a
to explore opportunities of business in rural
tree while time of few minutes is surfed in its
areas. To get rid of pollution it is need to find
cutting, as per needs people are not invested to
alternate solutions to reduce plastic bags, to
recover these losses.
converts waste into beneficial products or
POLLUTION energy resources, to protect forest from fires it
is also need to keep firefighting equipment or
Smoke, dust, smell of transport fuel and fire extinguishers in forest areas.
silencers, chemical mixed waters, scrape of
plastic bags, smell of poultry farms and similar
other thing generate air pollution by including
with air, Noise is the cause of nervous pollution,
controlling of these things is an important need
of hour.
Filled drum of water and construction of foot

paths may also helpful in this regard. In
present social media is more active to survive
environment it can play a positive role, we can
choose it for maximum campaigning, I also
propose to include lessons of environment and
SOLUTIONS climates in the text books of schools. We have
to organize various teams of volunteers,
To achieve goals of sustainable development in environmental experts and professionals.
the field of climate change and to protect Doubtlessly we shall be able to resolve climate
people from the harmful impacts of climates, issues and achieve sustainable development
we have to highlight importance of trees, some goals.
About the Author

Mr. Fazal Ur Rahim Awan has been working as an industrial employee since 1980.
Beside of duties, writing article on different topics of environment is a part of his
hobbies. To aware people about the importance of existing natural resources, he had
carried out research and best practice on the turning waste resources to beneficial
products.
CREATURE’S BREATH -
CLIMATE
IQRA ASGHAR
T he individuals (belongs to any type of

species) required some basic
necessities like fresh air, clean drinking water,
(people are becoming climatic migrants due to
climatic catastrophic conditions). According to
the report of World Bank in 2018, it is said that
about 143 million people will be climatic
hygienic food, safe and sound habitat etc. but migrants due to crop failure, water scarcity and
any cut off in their availability may put a rise in sea level and all these reasons are
question on the survival of the organisms. It is driven by the climatic unsustainability.
obvious that all these necessities depend on the
prevailing climate of a particular geographical If we want to know about the past climates, it is
area directly or indirectly. The air can only be fortune that Earth has kept log. Precedent
fresh and healthy, if the atmosphere have climate is recorded in ocean corals, cave
balanced amount of gases (no elevated level of stalagmites, tiny shelled sea-creatures, long
GHGs). In case of water, it is the climate that has
developed the water cycle (evaporation,
condensation, precipitation) and is the source of
fresh water for organisms.
Agriculture (form food) is also depending on the

climate and any sudden change like
temperature & rainfall fluctuations, climatic
extremities (flood/heat wave) and gaseous
changes in air may change the nutritional
quality of food. It is the climate on which the
decisions are made that whether an organism
can make habitat in a particular area or not
lived plants and in deep glacial ice cores. To
understand the history of climate more
conveniently, scientists have also developed
“Paleoclimates” that shows the past ice ages
(low points, large negative anomalies) after
combining the date with climatic models. This
data shows that from the past million years, the
earth temperature has risen to 5-7 0C. In 19th
century alone, the temperature has rose to
0.70C and the previous climatic records reveals
that currently the climatic warming is occurring
much more rapidly than past.
These fluctuation of temperature are affecting

Other facts about the temperature are that from
the other factors of climate like rainfall, snow
1880 to 2012, the average global temperature is
melt, river flows, groundwater (water table is
increased by 0.85°C.
decreasing) and gradual deterioration of water
This increase in temperature is affecting the quality. The frequency of floods and droughts
living creatures directly-by facing long & are higher than past and by all these changing
extreme summers as hottest day (56.70C) on patterns of climate are putting questions on the
earth was experienced in France on July 10, 1993 survival of creatures on this planet _ Earth. The
& in case of Pakistan it was 530C monitored in climatic conditions are becoming worse every
Larkana, Sindh on 26 May 2010 and indirectly - year and if no precautionary measures are
by affecting the agricultural yield like from 1981 adopted, the potential consequences will be
to 2002, the yield of wheat, maize and other terrifying.
crops experienced significant reduction of
about 40 megatons/year.
SUSTAINABLE CLIMATE UNSUSTAINABLE CLIMATE

(FRESH BREATH) (BAD BREATH)
Balanced Level of GHGs – No Increase level of GHGs – More

Climatic Catastrophes Climatic Catastrophes
No Mass Migration More Mass Migration
No Loss of Productive Lands More Loss of Productive Lands
No threat on water security Threat on water Security
No rise of Sea Level Rise of Sea Level
No Geopolitical Conflicts More Geopolitical Conflicts
About the Author

Ms. Iqra Asghar has done MS in Environmental Sciences and have achieved gold medal
during her BS in the same field.
INDUCTRIALIZATION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
SANA FATIMA
W
SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
hen traditionally industrial sectors,
such as agriculture, education
health of an economy becomes increasingly
similar to manufacture sector of economy, we
known it as “industrialization”.
No doubt industrialization seems to be the key

of wealth and better living standard but reality
is entirely different, although it leads to better
living standard in certain aspects, but on the
other hand it directly or indirectly affects
environment and ultimately contributes to
climate change.
If we talk about industrialization, it must cover

Socio - Economic transformation of the human
society. Economic transformation involves the The picture has been crystal clear that
exploitation of natural resources, for example; industrial development as it is practiced today
mining has been linked to instability of the earth is not sustainable. Increased industrialization
surface as well as emission of the obnoxious cannot be encouraged without considering the
gases, leading to climate change and account of climate change and its
environmental changes. consequences.
In under developing countries, rules &

regulations are lax while level of ignorance is
high, industrialization leads to huge increase in
pollution, uncontrolled exploitation and inability
to link between non-performances of social
responsibilities to non-functionality of systems.
A lot of examples around us, for example, in

Nigeria, with the introduction of the plastic
packaging, indiscriminate dumping of such
wastes has led to blockage of drainage channels,
flooding in some of the areas, rapid growth of
Malaria cases and other water borne diseases.
This is purely due to poor social behavior.
friendly products.
 Not only individual, but a comprehensive

supervision and treatment of all industrial
plants.
Is it possible to encourage  Increased investments to prevention pollution
and waste treatment.
industrialization and still
 Increased influence of powerful
manage the climate environmental bodies on industrial decision
making on national & international level.
change????
 Switch from toxic to non-toxic materials.
 Switch from coal and oil use to gas and solar

energy use.
 Create products which are degradable and

What measures should be taken? A very
whose byproducts are non-toxic.
familiar question to all of us . Here are the few
strategies for sustainable industrial We have lost green Earth, now we are standing in
development, expected to have a positive a red zone. Globally we all are facing extreme
impacts on industry in future, if we could climate events. Isn’t enough for us? A lot of
considered in a real sense; policies, laws, acts, rules & regulations scattered
around us but this is the time to being responsible.
 Increased industrial responsibility for clean
This is the time to open your eyes. We are already
production processes and for environment-
late to awaken.
PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY PAKI-

STAN IN ACHIEVING SDGs
TAHIRA AFZAL
B
effective approach. In this manner it will be
clarified that either SDGS (sustainable
eing a developing country there are
development Goals) are catering effectively or
some problems that are being
not. Also, Biodiversity measurement plays a
mentioned in a research paper for achieving
huge role for helping to understand the
Sustainable development Goals. While over
sustainability of eco system. So, in that manner
viewing the whole topic. I came to release that
Pakistan has to set its priority towards the
perhaps there are some issues that lie same in
responsible institutions for gathering data
Pakistan as well. While the approach was first
related to biodiversity. In that manner effective
started with Millennium Development Goals.
decision making will play its role.
Now basically there are some points which the
millennium Development Goals were about to
hit and made substantial changes at least it
didn’t turn out towards. But Our Focus here is
not pointing out the draw backs that
Millennium Development Goals hold. The 7th
Goal in Millennium Development Goals were
about to Target Environmental Sustainability.
This Goal was about to Target sustainable
development into country Policy and also
ensure safe drinking water all among to be
followed by 2020. However, this Goal has not
brought much changes. Now the problems that
Sustainable Development Goals are about to
bring. First of all, whatever the metrics that are
being set needed to be well understood by the
community. While most of the time in our Again, while reviewing and reading that I
current scenario our community doesn’t know released that educating the community in
the safe levels of drinking water and also about terms of sustainability is quite essential. Either
the level air that should be considered in terms of a campaign or so. These are the
breathable. About this we need to educate actions that cannot be possible without public
people so that they can play their role in the participation. Perhaps this needs a strong hand
implementation of these standards. Hence to hand relationship of Scientist and
People will be able to know their progress and Government. Developing country like Pakistan
also know what the levels that needs to be needed to address these challenges for
considerable. Second problem is that there are implementing Sustainable Development Goals
measures that needed to be taken to measure mindfully only in that manner sustainability
and evaluate progress. Perhaps for measuring will be about to achieved.
this careful monitoring on yearly basis is
ECONOMICAL WATER USAGE

MUHAMMAD ABUBAKAR
W
uses about 90 gallons per day. In developed
ater is our most precious resource countries the average person uses around 150-
and is vital to our lives. It also 250 gallons of water daily. Even more water is
serves as the lifeline of our environment. All used by industries to generate electricity,
living things would die and our environment will manufacture things, and transport people and
be deteriorated to the maximum if it weren't for goods.
water. According to the Second UN World Water
Without water, neither small businesses nor Development Report, if present levels of
major global industries can function. Not family consumption continue, two-thirds of the global
farms or major agribusinesses. Not energy population will live in areas of water stress by
production facilities or computer
manufacturers or steel companies. Similarly,
poor water quality, or limited or unreliable
access to water means higher costs for all
businesses – and all consumers. Water scarcity
means greater risks for a community’s long-
term viability and a negative impact on their
competitiveness.
It also means that a community’s ability to grow
and create jobs is at risk. Regardless of debate
whether water has become the new oil, one
thing is certain: water is ironically both taken for
granted and serves as the engine of our 2025. Increasing human demand for water
economy. If not properly managed, water coupled with the effects of climate change mean
scarcity will directly affect the local ability to that the future of our water supply is not secure.
grow and create jobs. As of now, 2.6 billion people do not have safe
drinking water. Added to this, are the changes in
Water cover two-third of the surface of Earth,
climate, population growth and lifestyles. The
but fresh water is just 0.002 percent of it and we changes in human lifestyle and activities
are depleting this non-renewable resource at a require more water per capita .
very fast rate. Our water consumption is very
high and it is estimated that an average person
This tightens the competition for water shortages, it is unforgivable that so little is done
amongst agricultural, industrial, and human on the governmental level to preserve and
consumption. ensure proper management of this invaluable
and life-giving resources.
Right now, many companies already consider
water resources when making decisions about Mismanagement of freshwater resources is
where to invest or locate facilities. And they are also causing floods where there were never
giving preference to areas where water risks any floods, droughts where there never any
are lowest. These businesses understand what droughts. Take for example rivers: we dam
policymakers are now coming to realize: When them, divert them, and devalue them.
water resources are unhealthy or unreliable, Overuse of water in homes also leaves less fresh
businesses cannot grow and cannot hire or water for use in agriculture. If plants cannot be
sustain a workforce. Local commerce suffers, watered due to shortages, crop yields are
incomes decline, tax revenues fall. The effects reduced and the food supply for humans and for
are very real and they are felt immediately and livestock is threatened. The fresh water that is
acutely. cleaned and delivered to homes and businesses
is often taken from aquatic environments in
It is also quite important for the general public which the plants and animals rely on the water to
and governmental organizations to realize the survive. If too much water is removed from these
worth of the lifeline of our planet. With one- systems and not returned in equal quantities,
third of the world's population living in species become endangered.
countries which are experiencing water
Therefore the precautions below should be

taken in order to manage the water being
delivered to the communities.
Toilet flushing accounts for about a third of “You are 60% water, save
household water usage. We probably flush 60% of yourself.”
away as much water in a day as we drink in a
whole month. The most efficient ways to reduce
this is by choosing a water-saving or low-flush
information about economical water usage.
version when buying a new toilet and throwing
Now many countries have their own effective
cotton wool, sanitary products and other waste
laws and standards concerned with drinking
in the bin, not the toilet. water and waste water. Apart from that the
Currently the new appliances being introduced international development organizations like
by major brands have an energy label on them World Bank and Japan International
which shows how much energy efficient they Cooperation Agency (JICA) and many more
have their own water quality standards which
are. Use of such appliances can lead to reduced
are complied with in the international projects
water usage and electricity consumption.
in developing and underdeveloped countries.
The multinational companies have also
revolutionized economical water usage by
“Thousands have lived introducing the concept of Water Auditing and
reducing the water usage in their
without love, not one
without water.”
The concept of reusing water is also gaining

popularity and developed countries have
introduced systems for domestic water reuse.
All the water from household activities apart
from the water from toilets can be reused for
car washing and gardening purpose.
It is also important to make sure that there are
no water leakages in your house. A dripping tap, manufacturing processes.
losing just two drips a second, wastes up to 26
liters of water a day. Simple plumbing jobs can Being responsible citizens, we also have a great
save a lot of water without being expensive. responsibility of economical use of the most
precious resource on the planet resting on our
In the last decade or so people around the globe
have started to realize the importance of water. shoulders. Therefore, it is the need of the hour
The Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) that we take the initial initiative from our homes
and mass media have imparted a lot of and change our habits of wasting water.
LUCKILY, EARTH DON’T HAVE

TONGUE
MUHAMMAD ZEESHAN QASIM
W
the form of wood, coal, gas and geothermal
energy resources. For example, among all
hile catapulting a household trash
countries in the world, in Pakistan, according to
filled with plastic, glass, paper, and
Sui Northern and Southern official website 5.3
cuisine waste, is public bother to conceive about
million of consumer and 2.8 million connections
the fate of that stuff being produced by them?
respectively, which are progressively
Humans across tropics to poles possess a
flourishing in numbers, are dependent upon the
ubiquitous and crackerjack of not wasting a
sui-natural gas for cooking.
minute even, in casting waste quickly as soon as
garbage trash gets filled, with a perception to
keep their homes spick-and-span, however,
almost all of them, that while, entirely ignore
the bitter corporality of boat-loading their
ultimate home i.e. the earth with pollution and
contamination.
A bunch of waste, if thrown in a neighbor house,

and unluckily, if it comes to their knowledge, a
wise person surely knows the aftermath
consequences. Nevertheless, it is the virtuoso
and fantabulousness of earth, receiving and
Almost 3928 km3 of water per year is extracted
being impacted since the start of life from Adam
by the mighty earth to overcome the quench of
to the all life forms being dead or alive and has
all humans` thrust and performing other
been impacted on by either a smallest insect
operations (agriculture accounts for 70%), on
e.g. fairyflies (0.5-1.0 mm) to blue whale (100 ft
the planet (UN, UNESCO and FAO 2018).
long) including currently more than 7.6 billon
humans. This fact proves how much vitality
earth have in this regard. But this silent victim
spite of bearing all the repercussions does not
earns any credibility.
According to FAO-UN (Federal Agriculture

Organization of United Nation), presently earth
has consecrated its 11% portion (1.5 billion
hectares) for feeding those more than 7.6 billion
humans who pollute it almost 920.2 thousand
tons of human waste each day. Additionally, the
fuel resources which make raw crops to cooked
food on table plausible, also provided by earth in
immense consideration. Earth should be

Meanwhile, humans, sadly, with all due
disrespect return its 56% (2212 km3) sewage protected like people protect their private
properties. Earth must be secured and
water containing nitrates, phosphorous,
organized like a home after its establishments
suspended and dissolved solids and coliform
because without it, where homes will be
bacteria, human feces, chemical constituents
constructed? It requires servicing and should be
from soaps, shampoo and washing powders
maintained like vehicles on appropriate
along with industrial composition (chemical
intervals because without roads networks on
residues, oil particles, silt, sand, alkalis,
earth crust, where cars will be driven. As bread
pesticides, lubricating oil, paint, cleaning liquids,
and palatable water earn respect, earth must be
etc.), that causes steadfast affliction to our
treated accordingly because without earth how
global provider i.e. earth without the concern of
humans find food and water on their table? The
where this water will be end, to whom it will
international governments` sole responsibility
affect and which resources of earth will be
is to change public perception and aware them
deteriorated. While digging a hole in a private
that humans belong to earth not the earth to
property can create plethora of detrimental
them. All the animate and inanimate resources
consequences and in the meanwhile, humans
including humans are like the parentage of earth
have a little concern during digging the earth
that unites together to form a global family and
crust as much deep as their greed, while using
whatever befalls the earth will eventually befall
the face of their necessities, likewise the case of
its ancestry. Humans are not the champions of
Mponeng mine in Johannesburg, South Africa is
global food web rather a mere component of it
deepened up to 4000 meters. Moreover, it is the
and whatever they done with this web, they
earth that enables the global transport and
eventually cause it to themselves.
affirms physical channels of communication
through provision of almost 99.3 million barrels Finally, this transition phase demands that
of oil per day to the entire world and in return
humanity must have to change themselves
humans give the impertinent gifts in the form because when small-scaled earth-abusing
greenhouse gases i.e. CO2; 44.1 million tons with actions on individual basis will be altered
an average total of 55.3 million tons ( IPCC, through Sustainable Development Ideology, and
World Statistics). Besides, several other subsequently multiplied with more than 7.6
anthropogenic substances include, Sulphur billion (global population), earth will get some
dioxide, Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, aerosols and relief. This is the time to think and act for the
particulate matter etc. All these gases are the sake of earth vitality and for our owns. Because,
ultimate culprits of global warming, ozone humans don’t have any planet to live without
depletion, frequent episodes of smog across the mighty earth who is providing its versatile
world and other ilk of global air pollution further, services not anybody else. Humans express
Pakistan occupies the 4th position in this regard their emotions by shouting and elaborating their
(World Health Organization). pains by speaking however, earth neither spoke
about the anthropogenic brutalism since life
The true essence of crown of creation is only
started, nor presently by billions of humans
fulfilled when so-called humans make earth and
because luckily earth do not have tongue.
its lifetime important resources into their
About the Author

Mr. Muhammad Zeeshan Qasim is graduate of Environmental Sciences Department from
COMSATS University. He is a gold medalist and hopefully he will be a postgraduate in
Chonnam National University Gwangju, South Korea.
CLIMATE CHANGE: WHO WILL PAY

THE COST?
SYEDA ZINNIA IQBAL
C
natural processes and the outcome we have
today is Climate change!
limate change, we have been hearing
from past many years about this word As most of the scientist agree on the fact that
but today it’s here! It’s not a future problem
climate change is a result of Anthropogenic
anymore but a current major threat to the whole activities or has at least been accelerated by
world. human activities but the main question that now
comes is who will pay the cost of this damage
Earth is self-sustaining body as we say in
that we have done?
scientific term- it has its own processes and
cycles that have been going on since the
formation of Earth. It has natural process for
every single thing- dead matter? Decomposers
are present! Limited water? Water cycle is there
that recycles the water, basically there is every
natural process that makes earth a self-
sustaining body that does not require any
external force or intervention (except sunlight).
these processes however are slow. As Earth
has limited resources which require a certain
replenishment time making these processes
slow and steady.
But unfortunately, there has been an ever-

growing force that is increasingly disturbing
these natural Earth processes and overloading
them, Humans! The rapid increase in human
Will it be animals? plants? humans? which
population is somewhat the major cause of this
countries? The answer is all! surely everyone
overburdening. Earth has a specific carrying
will be affected in one way or another- some
capacity-the load it can carry without any
will experience more drastic and intense
drastic changes. But since the population is
impacts while some will experience less
growing continuously it is placing more and
damaging impacts. Some will see it in terms of
more pressure on the limited resources of the
water scarcity, some will experience it in form
Earth thus disturbing the Earth’s natural
of frequent hazards like hurricanes, tornadoes
processes. Clearing of forests for wood and
and floods, some will be affected by increased
human settlements, over exploitation of
resources, pollution all of these are the temperatures but above all some will pay this
cost through their extinction.
anthropogenic activities that has altered the
freshwater declining this fast will not only

World’s biodiversity is already declining
cause water scarcity but also reduce the
alarmingly, some species have already been
albedo of the Earth- the reflectivity due to ice/
declared as extinct while many as endangered
snow thus causing more and more heat from
species in the past few years mainly because of
sun to fall on ground and heat the surface
habitat destruction, alteration, fragmentation
further. Furthermore, shifts in climatic belts
and high levels of pollution, e.g. The
due to temperature and precipitation changes
Rhinoceros. The scientific community has
termed it as the ‘sixth extinction’ after a famous will affect agricultural lands leaving most of
today’s productive lands unproductive and unfit
publication. According to which the past 5
for agriculture. All of these changes will
extinction has been mainly due to meteorites or
severely impact the human communities.
volcanic eruptions but this 6th one will be due to
About 40% of the world’s population and most
humans! On the other hand, humans will also
of the developed and big cities which lie on the
pay the cost in form of more frequent and
coast will be directly affected by the rise in sea
extreme hazards, water scarcity which has
level and the corresponding hazards like
already been merging in many parts of the
floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Hence all
world, as the ice-caps have started to melt at a
will be affected if this problem is not tackled in
rate faster than the usual melting, it is causing
time.
reduction in ice cover over Antarctica and
Arctic regions along with many glaciers over Serious efforts on national and international
the land which are a vital source of freshwater levels are required to tackle effectively with the
for humans. With this important source of change that will affect the whole world equally.
About the Author

Ms. Syeda Zinnia Iqbal is a young passionate university student working towards an
Environmental sciences degree. Currently, she is doing bachelors from Bahria University,
Islamabad. She is hoping to do majors in water resource management and use her knowledge of
environmental studies to work for the betterment of environment.
SMOG IN PAKISTAN
HUMERA QASIM KHAN
I
pollutant responsible for smog built up is NOx.
t is the most recent episode that thick fog In history, the most lethal smog was developed
covers Lahore, blocking out the winter in 1952, the London’s Great Smog, when more
sunshine, closing off the motorway after dusk
than 12,000 deaths were reported due to traffic
and preventing flights from landing at the accidents and respiratory illness. In 2012,
international airport at night. Resident of Beijing also faced deadliest smog and resulted
Lahore are facing a dense blanket of smog that in large number of casualties. But in the most
have reduced visibility for commuters and recent event, Lahore in Pakistan and Delhi in
responsible for several respiratory and mental India is also hit by the smog. An agri-waste
illness. The problem has grown worse over the processing facility is working under the Punjab
last five years due to the high levels of pollution Agro Industries Corporation Limited in India.
and poor air quality in the city, created by They buy the agri-waste from the farmers and
increasing vehicular, industrial emissions, coal sell it to the power plants and industries as an
-based power plants, and burning of agriculture alternative to coal. Farmers were demanding a
waste. Basically, smog is a mixture of different raise in the money for agri-waste, which was
pollutants, including oxides of nitrogen (NOx), turned down. Because it became impossible to
oxides of Sulphur (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), revise the rates in a fiscally responsible manner
particulate Matter (PM), volatile organic and the rates of agri-waste have almost
compounds (VOC), and the ozone. The main doubled since 2013.
Air pollution needs to be urgently addressed as

As per NASA’s report, the main reason for the
Lahore is now amongst the most polluted cities
smog is crop burning which originates from
in Asia. In the winter, with delayed rainfall, the
India, particularly Indian Punjab with the city of
cold and continuously dry conditions retain all
Jalandhar centered around According to New
the pollutants in the lower levels of the
York Times, the farmers in those areas burn the
atmosphere, causing the smog to spread all
left-over straw instead of getting rid of it
over the Punjab.
through other means. The left-over straw is as
much as 32 million tones, which explains the There is a need of action plan to address
cause of the smog. The farmers are of the view alarming situation of air pollution. Government
that they cannot afford to buy expensive should contrivance an air quality index with
equipment to clear the land, so they resort to health advisory and pollution emergency
burning it instead. measures. Specific mitigation measures should
be adopted by government and policy makers to
And thus, farmers in Indian Punjab burnt their
control the growing air pollution like the use of
agri-waste after their requested price was
sprinklers and mist fountains, smoke tappers in
disapproved. Per Pakistan’s Meteorological
crematoriums, and waste management to
Department, “The main source of the pollutants
minimize emission of methane gas caused by
in the lower atmosphere is Eastern Punjab
burning at landfill sites. Plantation of more
where all the coal-based industries are
trees can mitigate the spell of these chemical
centered (across the border in India).
gases.
THE END OF ANTHROPOCENE

AMNA RIAZ
T
don’t realize is how did, we, as mankind ended
hat buzzing sound just woke you up and up with this psychology and lifestyle. The
you snoozed the alarm again to get the answer is ANTHROPOCENE! The age of Man.
satisfaction of rest for ten minutes more. You
We, as human beings, have not just evolved with
finally wake up and leave your bed messy
time physically and emotionally, but also
because you’re late for work. You rush to the
mentally. By learning from mistakes of history,
bathroom, brush your teeth, wash your face and
we call ourselves better than those who were
jump right into the hot shower to relax to those
before us.
aching muscles from a tiring day yesterday.
Once suited up after using a number of
electronics from hair dryer and shaver to tea
and sandwich maker, you rush your breakfast
and breathe. You grab your keys, wallet, sun
glasses, cellphone, briefcase containing your
documents and laptop. You walk in the drive way
to your car and rush off just to find yourself
stuck in a traffic jam at 8:38 AM when you have
to reach office at 9:00! The tension and urge to
get things done with 24 hours yet not being
enough reminds you of urban lifestyle and
modernism. The need of rushing with time and
those dues, make you realize that this job is a
need. The social pressures of keeping up to the But again, it is because of those simpler times
trends and yet thinking about that weekend you and the same societal pressures that together
promised your family still has to be planned, for created the modern age. The industrial
the mere fact of social acceptance on Facebook revolutions, the breakthrough in modern
and twitter! You realize and feel a thousand medicine, the questions of worlds beyond the
things in that very moment. The only thing you stars and the urge of knowing the secrets of the
deepest trenches of the oceans led us to ‘Today’.
We made time complicated for us and after all
this hard work, we are still not satisfied. We lost
ANTHROPOCENE this satisfaction with time as we have gone
against laws of nature to make ends meet. We
THE AGE OF MAN tried to evolve against the time of nature. We
went too far with resources and what was being
provided by nature to us.
We extracted, burnt, cut, harvested, depleted, between ecosystems are hunted as trophies or
poached, hunted and finally made it go extinct in fine-dine cuisine. Those bumblebees that
a blink of an eye because we raced against time pollinate rare flowers and make honey, are on a
simply for the urge of more. verge of extinction because we have put a price
tag on everything they’re dependent upon.
Humans have proved it scientifically that
human body is the most complex from of life.
Made up of thousands of cells, all functioning
individually yet connected together, to make
this life form eat, breathe think and exist. In
terms of intellect, humans have above par
intelligence because of yet another complex
system of neurons and psychology, again
proved scientifically. Collectively, there doesn’t
exist even a single life-form on this planet that
can excel complicated human biology. Yet we as
humans, have failed to understand that every
other ‘simple’ life-form, exists to benefit us.
From microscopic phytoplankton that drifts the
shallow waters of massive oceans that to those We, as humans, may have succeeded these
giant eucalyptus trees that take more than ten creatures biologically and intellectually but in
years to grow tall provides oxygen for us to terms of contributing back to nature, we have
breathe. Those sponges in the sea that may failed to understand this business. We started
by taking what nature provided us but we are
seem idle, filter waste from seawater that we
ending it by ending nature itself. Humans
dump in it. That Vaquita Porpoise which is
appeared in the end, and succeeded every life-
struggling its survival for decades, has been form as well as the planet. We seem to know it
controlling the populations of those sea all, we seem to calculate it all as well; but lesser
creatures that we cannot eat. The apex we know is that nature produced us and hence if
predators called crocodiles have actually seen we were gifted power, we were gifted to protect
dinosaurs that are poached and killed for their nature and not destroy it. Turning ourselves
tough skin used in tanning industry. Those rare against nature and time will result in harsh
birds that migrate thousands of miles each year consequences because those will remain even
after us. It is us that may not be there to see it.
About the Author

Ms. Amna Riaz is Marine biologist by degree, teacher by profession and
philanthropist by nature. She is an endowed young lady. She’s currently engaged
with British Council as Venue Staff and Beaconhouse School System as an O Levels
Environmental Management part-time Teacher and Centre of Excellence in Marine
Biology, University of Karachi as a Junior Research Scholar.
AUSTRALIA: WARNING SIGNS OF

CLIMATE CHANGE EMERGENCE
MUHAMMAD ZOHAIR AHMED KHAN
T
will be getting drier and hotter with more
he topic which comes into discussion prevalent periods of droughts and fire related
today is, how the change in climatic conditions continuing to increase. Recently in
conditions of the world is affecting countries SA, during the past 3 months, there have been
globally. It can safely be claimed that these days evident instances of climatic change, which can
it is the highly discussed topic internationally be linked to the overall changes that this region
and people are trying their best to cope up with is facing due to change in climatic conditions.
this alarming situation. Our earth’s surface is Two of the most prominent impacts have been
warming rapidly and we can already see social, observed in the form of (1) record breaking high
economic and environmental impacts in temperatures in South Australia and (2) local
Australia, among various other countries. famers suffering losses and being unable to
sustain their livelihoods.
This article will be focusing on some of the
changes that are being faced specifically in Before I discuss the high temperatures
South Australia (SA) due to the climatic and experienced in recent summers, it must be
environmental changes. Few years back, it was clarified that the weather pattern in Australia is
predicted that the weather of South Australia changed from different parts of the world as it
lies in the Southern Hemisphere.
Hence, the summer

season starts from
November and
winter season
starts from May.
Usually the rainfall
season is
experienced here in
the winters from
May till September.
This current summer season, temperatures

soared to record breaking heights in the month
of January. SA, was a bright scorching day which
saw everyone buying and stocking up on water
as they worked because it was predicted that
this could be the kind of the hottest day, which
this city had not experienced in the last 2
decades!
As the day came to an end it was reported that
the highest temperature officially recorded was
47°C and this had been experienced after almost
40 years in Adelaide, SA. Apart from this record-
breaking hottest day, the general days of this
season also saw an increase in higher
temperatures being recorded of more than 35°C
unlike previous seasons. This posed a real threat
to the likelihood of fire season starting earlier.
Climate Change is pushing
In this region it is considered to be a very long
period of no rainfall and such periods were not a desperate Kangaroos
frequent occurrence here earlier. The climate
changes are also affecting the local farmers as towards water territories!
well. However, unfortunately due to the high
temperatures being experienced in South
Australia, many farmers are being forced to
close their farms as their cattle is bearing the climatic conditions which have far reaching
brunt of the heat with vast numbers of the consequences, the agencies and councils of SA
animals getting sick or dying as a result of it. In are working diligently to find out the important
these dire circumstances, the retail giants of factors that are responsible for indirectly or
Australia sensed a pressing need for steps to be directly affecting local conditions. However, it is
taken for providing support to the local farming still quite early to say that these changes been
industry. As a result, they have decided to directly brought about by the Global Change in
increase the milk prices by 10 cents so that the Climatic conditions but the connection with the
additional money can go directly to support the same can also not be ruled out.
local farmers. In these times of changing
About the Author

Muhammad Zohair Ahmed Khan is from Karachi, Pakistan. He is currently living in Adelaide, South
Australia and is working with Peregrine Corporation. By profession he is an Environment Specialist,
having a professional engineering background with Masters in Environmental Sciences. Furthermore, he
has worked with different consultant firms, organizations, Donor Agencies and NGO’s in United States,
Middle East and Pakistan.
BREAK FREE PLASTIC MOVEMENT

(BFPM)
ABDUL HASEEB
M
training sessions to spread awareness about
assive Plastic debris is found this campaign.
everywhere in the world of today & He went to different schools, colleges,
poor human who don't even glance over how
universities and to every common man to
fairly destructive it is for human life and deliver the cognizance of how plastic pollution
moreover marine life! has devastating environment implications.
This issue must need to be addressed as it is Social media & print media supported this
polluting every inhabitant here so the great campaign to give exposure on this issue. He
Abdul Haseeb who was opted as CLIMATE with his team worked on vertical gardening &
AMBASSADOR through International Climate green wall to increase the greenery and
Ambassador Program by CARE ABOUT decrease the Pollution.
CLIMATE, who did expedite progress for the Break Free Plastic Movement that was started
betterment of environment. He was assigned a as a Campaign, but now it is a proper Student
project for 3 months in which he did pre- Based Organization that is working not only in
eminent work. He named it as Break Free around Pakistan but as well in abroad.
Plastic Movement. He conducted seminars and
BFP-Movement aims to work
toward breaking World free from
the shackles of plastic pollution
and its toxic impact on humans,
animals, and the environment. Our
main goal is to spread the word
about how harmful plastic waste is
for us and for our generations to
come.
Since 2018 Break Free Plastic
movement has been Opened its
Chapter in Five (5) Different
Countries, that includes England,
Nepal, Nigeria, Uganda and United
States of America.
According to a statistical data of USA, the USA is

using approximately 500 million straws every
day (enough straws to circle around the Earth
2.5 times!), that’s a lot of trash and potential
litter. According to the data of early 2018 from
Ocean Conservancy’s TIDES system, straws/
stirrers are the 11th most found ocean trash in
cleanups, making up about 3% of recovered
trash. Moreover, it takes over 200 years for a
plastic straw to be decomposed. Imagine the
amount of plastic we are adding to this world
merely in the form of straw every day!
Having said that, it is a well-established fact
school students).
now that the use of plastic straws should be
banned or else at least we should minimize its  Youth Training on Resource Management &
usage to protect our mother earth. But the Vertical Gardening in remote Community of
question arises, what is the alternate? Do we Sindh.
have any alternate if we stop using plastic
straws?  Plastic Pity Training at Governmental
Colleges.
As plastic is too much hazardous for the marine
Support us to step forth and
life and ubiquitous that is clogging the streets
join us in the plastic free and draining throughout the cities. Mountains of
world. plastic trash is found in world's trash and more
than this 90% of plastic is found in guts of the sea
birds. It is even choking the life out of whales. To
CURRENT PROJECTS AND EVENTS
conserve the marine life and to make the
This project was set to train 30 people on how to environment better we need you to join us.
produce charcoal briquettes from agricultural About more than 100 of NGOs all around the
biomass waste in Kumbotso Local Government world join forces to fight against this plastic
Area, of Kano State. issue and Stepping forward to make the world
 Sustainable and Affordable Energy Project plastic free and all now the need is to join hands
in Nigeria. (This project was set to train 30 and proceed the work. We by removing the
people on how to produce charcoal plastics by bio gradable products can help
briquettes from agricultural biomass waste reducing plastic pollution or to recycle the
in Kumbotso Local Government Area, of products too. In Singapore about 84 outlets of
Kano State KFC stop providing plastic straws and caps of
plastic. We too need main culprits to join us in
 BFPM Nepal celebrating Re-useable
this movement. We need to make every week a
Tuesday on weekly basis. (Crafting valuable
beach clean-up day to prevent the pollution that
Products from Plastic Waste and also train
is causing marine life.
FIGHTING FOUDATION POVERTY

(FFP)
OMAMA IQBAL AND NOOR UL AIN KALUDI
Ever since its establishment in 2009, the a big step towards bringing awareness to the
Foundation for Fighting Poverty Pakistan has students.
been working tirelessly for the betterment of FFP has also made great strides for other social
society. With over 400 active members, FFP has
causes and has had 9 consecutive annual Iftar
been spreading its wings steadily in the realm of drives since its beginning. Its main areas of
social work in Pakistan, and has distinguished operation all come under the umbrella of
itself as a leading organization for bringing eradicating poverty. These include a strong
positive change against poverty. focus on better education systems, and FFP has
There are however hurdles in every good deed’s provided countless students and educational
way and FFP has struggled to find sustainability institutions with academic supplies, along with
for its various plantation drives across the paying for countless other students’ fees.
country. With over 2000 trees planted in Karachi The team at FFP is a close-knit community of
and interior Sindh in the last 2 years alone, and like-minded and passionate individual who all
over a thousand trees planted in a drive in Tando want to implement some sort of a positive
Adam in 2017, FFP has done more than its fair change in society, and most of them are young
share to combat the environmental damage people who have been in the organization since
caused by the modern man’s lifestyle. Due to its humble beginnings. Speaking of young, the
their inability to oversee the growth of all the founder of FFP, Syed Muhammad Abdullah
plants that they have sowed, the plants end up himself founded the organization at the young
being plucked out or die due to a lack of care by age of 15, and has brought his organization up
the inhabitants of the areas where they reside. with the help of his devoted team members.
Last December, FFP had its most ambitious and When asked about his views on the future of his
successful plant drive in the Jamshed Memorial organization, he said that he wishes to have
School in Karachi, where some members of the ‘education for all, and health cards for the
organization also gave a presentation on the underprivileged’ and raise awareness against
environmental situation of the country and the climate change & open training center that will
world at large to the students. This drive was generate employment opportunities and
also a proposal to the EU and a pilot for the independency. He also has many other projects
planned out and as the organization comes
Climate Change Campaign 2030, which aimed to
towards its 10th anniversary, we wish it good
present the children as agents of change within
luck for all its future endeavors.
society. The event was a huge success, and was
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FARMERS OF

PUNJAB
NASAR ALAM
The strength with which climate change will was concluded that almost 60% of yield loss
impact a country is based upon three main was associated with problems that occur due to
factors; the water conservation practices, climate change. The most prominent issues
overall forest cover and the agricultural observed among the farms regarding yield loss
practices of the country. Unfortunately, were associated with climate change.
Pakistan has issues with all the three sectors
mentioned above and therefore is placed
among the top 10 countries that will have
devastating outcomes due to climate change.
When it comes to agricultural practices
Pakistan still observes outdated methods that
require more resource inputs as compared to
the outcomes. Pakistan need agricultural
reforms on a state level as these issues will not
solve themselves on its own.
The farmers in Pakistan lack basic education.
Since past year I have been working in Pakistan
as an agricultural consultant. During this time, I
have interacted farmers from all sort of
backgrounds. These farmers make mistakes
that if prevented can reduce the yield loss by a
Water scarcity was observed to be most
significant amount. The data shows how much
common issue associated with yield reduction
yield loss is being faced by farmers of Central
among farmers of Central Punjab. Another
Punjab during the past 4 years. The maximum
commonly observed problem was destruction
yield loss was observed to be around 36.2%
of crop due to extreme weather which includes
whereas among 21% of farms there was no yield
problems such as dry spell, intense storms or
loss observed. This decrease in yield was
unpredicted rainfall. Around 46% people agreed
observed to take place because of several
that weather phenomenon were responsible
environmental and anthropogenic factors.
for yield loss. Along with these two, other
The global food demand is increasing as is the issues that were commonly observed to reduce
need to improve agricultural practices. Due to farmers yield were soil salinity and over
lack of education, farmers of Pakistan make fertilization. Most of these problems can be
tiny mistakes which can potentially cause a resolved by simply educating the farmers thus
significant issue leading to reduced amount of improving the yield and contributing to
produced yield. As per the conducted survey it economics of Pakistan.
Water scarcity is a commonly observed matter the crop thus preventing the yield loss.
which can cause devastating impacts on crop
Farmers of Central Punjab were also observed
yield. There are several aspects which can to be impacted by weather phenomenon.
reduce the water availability for the farmers. Extreme weather harms crop yield in several
Although Pakistan has one of the most different ways. The most common is
improved water canal system yet there are destruction due to storms. During the period of
farmers who do not have enough water past 4 years abrupt storms has been a real
available to them throughout the year. problem across Punjab. Immature plants can
Around 57% of farmers claimed that water recover from impact of strong winds by
scarcity was an issue which was faced by them repairing itself however once the plant passes
and impacts their crop yield, where as only 9% the stage of maturation it does not recover from
of farmers were sure there was no problem such impacts. Unpredicted or unexpected
regarding water availability that was impacting storms which occur after the maturation of
their crop yield. crop can cause devastating effect on crop
yields. This impact can be reduced by adjusting
Problems associated with water can be solved
the sowing of seed while considering expected
with water conservation techniques such as
storm dates. A slight change in sowing time can
water storage and improved irrigation system.
help reclaim almost all the yield lost due to this
Water storage can be done by either rain water
phenomenon.
harvesting which is one of the most used
technique across the globe, along with it canal Another commonly known phenomenon
water can also be stored for usage at the time of associated with extreme weathers is dry spell.
need. Improved irrigation system such as drip Dry spell creates water scarcity which has
irrigation or sprinkle irrigation can reduce the been previously discussed. Retro to water
water requirement for field by 70 percent. It is scarcity is a problem which is not really
also a cost-efficient method to provide fertilizer addressed when it comes to yield loss.
to crop. Overall a combination of both these However, while interviewing the farmers it was
techniques can fulfill the water requirements of observed to be common occurrence.
Most farmers mentioned

water logging or excessive
watering due to rainfall as one
of the issues that costed them
crop yield. Although the yield
loss is not much but
considering how much water
could be conserved instead of
leaching the fertilizer the
environmental and economic
cost of this event is very high.
Excessive watering occurs
when rainfall isn’t predicted by
the farmer and the water is
applied to crop.
As a result, when the rainfall
occurs the farm gets water
The findings can be used to conclude that a
logged causing nutrients to leach down into
significant decrease in farmers yield was there
ground water or nearby streams. This problem
because of lack of education.
can be easily avoided by providing farmers with
appropriate equipment to predict rainfall. While working in the field up to 80% of reduced
yield was recovered by using the techniques
Around 46% of farmers claimed that extreme
shared above however, although we cannot
weather was impacting their crop yield
give all the credits to above techniques for it,
however only 15% were sure it was not a
we can surely say that by simply educating our
phenomenon that is impacting their yield.
farmer and providing them with appropriate
techniques we reclaim and increase our yield
thus improving the economy of Pakistan.
BRIEF OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

MECHANISM
KASHIF IQBAL BUTT
Environmentally, sustainable development is It has been considered by the United Nations

described as social equity between generations Environmental Programme as the basic
“by meeting the environmental and strategy for sustainability. Integral to a cleaner
occupational needs of the present without production strategy is pollution prevention (PP)
compromising the ability of future generations — “the use of materials, processes or practices
to meet their needs”. The European Union and that reduce or eliminate the creation of
the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pollutants or wastes at the source.” Source
have embraced cleaner production as a policy reduction has been the tactic of choice to
framework to achieve environmental achieve pollution prevention. Since 1990,
sustainability. Training and Development pollution prevention has evolved to become
Centers of the Bavarian Employers Association part of a more comprehensive policy
(bfz) gGmbH is one of the largest private framework of cleaner production.
providers of vocational training in Germany. In CP/PP provides a coordinated approach to
Pakistan the International Division of bfz has primary prevention, eliminating the possibility
implemented project ESPIRE, a partnership of pollution- related health effects and
project with local trade associations that is superseding “end-of-pipe” interventions. CP/
funded by the German Ministry for Economic PP has critical implications for occupational
Cooperation and Development via Sequa health as well.
gGmbH.
The important conceptual
change is shift from
“control of environmental
exposures” to their
“prevention through
source reduction”. The
changes in process
methods allows the
workplace/department/
section as a separate
source of pollution when
undertaking a systematic
evaluation of pollution
sources.
When industries that use chemicals as raw change eliminates exposures to a potential
materials begin to use CP/PP to change human carcinogen but also leads to
materials and processes, there are improvement in dry-cleaning job organization
opportunities to decrease workplace and reduction in ergonomic risk factors.
exposures. Substituting the solvent with the lowest
In the past, control of workplace exposures has concentration of aliphatic organic chemicals for
consisted of end-of-pipe interventions that did organic solvents in cleaning printing ink from
not systematically examine root causes. metal surfaces in the offset lithographic
Therefore, it was not recognized that a industry. Introducing an electrostatically
preferred engineering control, such as local delivered coating to replace a paint with resin-
exhaust ventilation, shifted the hazard burden based epoxies in painting of small metal parts.
from the workplace to the ambient environment Occupational and environmental hygiene
in the form of air pollution or, solid hazardous should strive to change its focus from
waste i.e. Filters. In a comprehensive CP/PP secondary to primary prevention by addressing
approach, environmental health and workplace problems as comprehensive
occupational health scientists need to work production problems that have impact inside
together to avoid shifting hazards from one and outside of the point of production.
medium to another, such as from workplace to Workplace problems should not be
community air, or from industrial waste to compartmentalized from environmental
community water. problems. CP/PP approaches need to be
integrated into occupational and environmental
The six general PP (source-reduction) tactics
health.
that most directly affect environmental and
occupational health are as follows: raw PARTNERS OF PROJECT EPSIRE
material substitution or reduced use, by  Pakistan Hosiery Manufacturers and
addressing workplace problems as Exporters Association (PHMA)
comprehensive production closed-loop  Pakistan Readymade Garments
recycling, process or equipment modification, Manufacturers and Exporters Association
improvement of maintenance, reformulation of (PRGMEA)
products, and improvement of housekeeping  Towel Manufacturers Association of
and training. Some examples of pollution Pakistan (TMA)
prevention interventions that incorporate  Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts
concern for reduction or elimination of work and Accessories Manufacturers (PAAPAM)
exposures are the following:  Small & Medium Enterprises Development
Eliminating use of elemental mercury for Authority (SMEDA)
switches in new car manufacturing, and
The project has published success stories of CP
substituting with traditional electrical switches,
implementation in Pakistani Industries. The
as the US EPA has recommended. Substituting know-how is available for Pakistani Industries,
water-based solvents for perchloroethylene in Academia and Trade association. It is time to
industrial textile dry-cleaning operations. This take advantage of emerging technologies.
NATURE CONSERVATION ALLIANCE

PAKISTAN (NCAP)
MUJTABA HAIDER ZAIDI
Nature Conservation
Alliance Pakistan, NCAP, is
a student organisation,
founded by the students of
Institute of Environmental
Studies, University of
Karachi.
NCAP aims to create sense
of environmentalism among
local, private sectors and
government by indulging
them in eco-friendly
activities.
As together we make an
environment, which then
becomes an influencing factor for each campaign named as "CASH OUR TRASH" in
individual, it cannot be improved or move which sessions on Waste Management are
towards betterment individually. Therefore, for conducted regarding what is waste? How is it
its betterment, we need to create a bridge of influencing our lives badly? How many types of
alliance between local and government waste are there? How it can be managed and
working bodies. Nature Conservation Alliances how we can generate money by segregating our
Pakistan is working to bring all the responsible waste? In this campaign the schools are
people on the same platform by creating targeted and are motivated to introduce waste
alliance and to move forward towards management system at the institute, so that we
betterment. NCAP is also working on shaping can move from mixed waste to zero waste
minds positively by conducting different system. Hence, NCAP is working for the
awareness sessions and activities that impact betterment of our society and believes that our
on human psychology. NCAP has started a society will become healthier.
About the Author

Mr. Mujtaba Haider Zaidi is the president at Nature Conservation Alliance Pakistan.
WAHAB’S CLIMATE ACTS,

WHAT’S YOURS?
WAHAB BUKHARI
Fifty Native tree saplings beside

with Mosque are connected with
outflow water of ablution at
Mosque, so the used wasted water
which would be wasting by going
into sewerage is now being used for
watering to native plants five times
a day. A brain behind this whimsical
initiative is a young emerging social
and environmental activist, namely
Wahab Shah Bukhari who has a
degree of Bachelor in Science from
University of Karachi, He searched
for that and he got his spark of life in
“Nature”.
His dedication and sincerity towards nature is
Youth Club, The City School, Happy Palace
unquestionable, appreciable which have
School, Government DMC Schools of Korangi,
acknowledged by many of the NGOs. He has
Azm-e-Noujawan (a consortium based
started his own organization “SQUARE” which
project), private schools, colleges, youth
stoned for socio environmental causes to
gatherings and in local communities.
address issues and make the earth a healthy
and better place for rest of over 7 billion people. Pakistan is on 7th position in the queue of most
Under the umbrella of SQUARE, Wahab and his vulnerable countries of climate change, and has
team, Hunain Siddique, Nauman Sheikh and 4th number for stress Water countries. This is
Khaleek Kohistani, have done many notable and alarming for every individual of Pakistan, for
noteworthy works, in extreme weather this serious threats Wahab Bukhari is raising
conditions. They do “Blanket campaign drive”, in his voice by running a campaign to aware
which they searched needy peoples to cover community about hazards of plastic. He admits
them with a warm blanket. Along with it, Wahab that plastic is not only polluting our grounds, but
is supervising the environmental work at also generating lethal problems by blocking
different parts of Karachi, and utilizing his sewerage lines. Plastic never dies but can
purpose of life in spreading awareness on facilitate human demise by polluting
environmental issues, Climate change, environment and has no alternative for making
gardening techniques and basics of plantation hell to marine life as tons of plastic is being
at various places of Karachi comprise on Lyari dumped into sea and in ocean on daily basis.
For saving the humanity and marine life for which is to make healthy indoors with better air
forthcoming, Wahab Bukhari is spreading way quality along with beautification. He has
out to Reuse, Recycle, Reduce and the special command on selection of best plants as per
one is REFUSE plastic which is rare to see being Space, Area, Light, water, Maintenance and all
practice in Pakistan. to make Right plant at right place.
A reformer of surrounding Wahab Bukhari has
done many miracles in environmental field on
addition to that Wahab has driven many
successful tree plantation campaigns/drives
especially on green belts of Karachi at different
schools. He is also unmatchable in mangroves
plantation drives which is to protect coast,
marine life and environment, but right now
Wahab is connected and leading a project “Go
Green” with Pakistan Science Club with the
objective to initiate and propagate research
culture of plants mainly among teens and youth, His passion, zeal, sincerity for life, dedication
particularly in Horticulture: i.e. agriculture, towards his goals, love for nature and
gardening, aquaponics, hydroponics, roof top environment gives him enough energy to do
gardening, vertical gardening etc. more miracles and pushed him for some of
toughest task of his life. His ultimate goal is to
He has been working as an advisor in a project “struggle for betterment of Pakistan, humanity,
namely "Sabza" (Bring Nature indoor) and has and globe”
lead innumerable projects of Indoor plantation
QUARTERLY NEWS UPDATES

JANUARY 2019 - MARCH 2019
NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
HIGHLIGHTS
NATIONAL NEWS
Pakistan to lodge UN complaint against India for "eco-terrorism" forest

bombing
Advisor to Prime Minister on Climate Change
Malik Amin Aslam apprised that Pakistan plans to
lodge a complaint against India at the United
Nations as its recent so called surgical air strikes
have caused damage to Billion Tree Tsunami
nature reserve. Causing harm to the environment
and damaging trees and birds comes under "eco-
terrorism". Pakistan under Prime Minister Imran
Khan takes its trees very seriously. International
and local journalists also visited the damaged site
and they have confirmed that the Indian dumping
of payload has damaged several trees in the areas
and killed few crows. reserve forest and wildlife
sanctuary.
Throwing litter from cars will now attract a fine for the driver
Advisor to Prime Minister on Climate Change Mr.

Malik Amin Aslam chaired the meeting of Clean
Green Pakistan. Secretary Climate Change,
Capital Development Authority CDA, Metropolitan
Corporation Islamabad MCI, Environmental
Protection Agency EPA and Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene WASH senior officers participated in the
meeting. Malik Amin Aslam said that in order to
discourage littering from a moving cars, we are
empowering our police officer at duty to chalan
the culpable. He further added that by the special
directives of Prime Minister Imran Khan,
Islamabad City will be further beautified with
flowers and plants and Preventive measure such
as plastic shopping bags will be banned.
NATIONAL NEWS
Pakistan Agriculture Faces Serious Decline from Global Warming
A conference titled ‘Parliamentary Role in Meeting

the Clean Air Challenge’, organized by Clean Air
Asia in Islamabad on 26 March, the additional
secretary of the ministry climate change, Babar
Hayat Tarar, informed the parliamentarians
present that air pollution is already causing a
decline in wheat productivity in three strands.
During the conference, Adviser to the Prime
Minister for Climate Change Malik Amin Aslam
also criticised the non-calibrated air quality data
provided by private sources and faulty satellite
imagery depicting Pakistan as the second most
polluted country in the world with alarming ratios
of serious air pollutants.
ADB for improving Pak’s immunity against natural disasters
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has

recommended Pakistan to introduce mandatory
disaster insurance for residential areas. This
country diagnostics assessment identifies areas
of improvement to promote an enhanced enabling
environment for DRF in Pakistan. The country
diagnostic is expected to facilitate the
development and implementation of appropriate
instruments for different layers of risk. A
comprehensive assessment report ‘The Enabling
Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in
Pakistan’ by ADB revealed that the country does
not have any comprehensive assessment of its
disaster risks. No detailed map of national
hazards including earthquakes, floods, and
droughts exists.
NATIONAL NEWS
Fifth international conference on “Environmental Horizon, Sounding the

Alarm! Environment, Climate Change and Health”
Ms. Zartaj Gul resolved that Pakistan, as a great
nation, had to battle with the dilemma of climate
change and environmental degradation. The minister
asked the citizens to follow the vision of the prime
minister, and plant trees in the metropolis to make it
green, clean and beautiful.
She regretted that untreated wastewater was
being released to ocean. This issue needs
immediate attention from the authorities
concerned, she observed, and said that Pakistan
had the largest part of youth in her population. She
maintained that the nation needed to make her
youth aware about the importance of forests and
clean and green environment for human survival.
IUCN in collaboration with Oxfam launched Sindh’s Climate Migration Report

at Policy Dialogue
Oxfam in Pakistan in collaboration with IUCN

Pakistan organized a dialogue on Climate Change
in Sindh to support the government’s efforts in
managing climate change. The dialogue focused on
the risks and threats faced by the most sensitive
areas to climate change in Sindh i.e. mangroves,
fisheries, women development and climate
migration.
The report suggested that Pakistan’s government
needs adopt a climate change financing
framework and to integrate climate change in
budgeting and planning to ensure a more
meaningful and result-oriented approach for the
allocation of resources for climate change.
NATIONAL NEWS
Sharmeen Obaid releases 5th part from ‘Climate Change Animated Series’
In honor of International Climate Change

Awareness Day, Pakistan’s leading production
houses, Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy (SOC) Films,
releases Pakistan’s first Climate Change
Animated Series to create better awareness
about climate change and global warming in 2018.
Two time Academy Award-winning documentary
filmmaker and journalist Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy
who also won the esteemed 2018 Eliasson Global
Leadership Prize, has released 5th part from
‘Climate Change Animated Series’ on 1st February
to educate young children about the effects of
climate change.
Pakistani Journalist gets Asian Environmental Award
A Pakistani journalist, Syed Muhammad Abu Bakr,

has bagged Asian Environmental Journalism
Awards organized by the Singapore Environment
Council (SEC) at Singapore. According to a press
release issued here from Singapore Environment
Council, Syed Muhammad Abu Bakr, a Lahore-
based environmental reporter, is among the 15
journalists and media outlets from around Asia
who were recognized for their environmental
reporting at the Asian Environmental Journalism
Award (AEJA).
The award honors individuals and organisations
that report news stories on sustainability issues
facing our planet and the Asia region. Guest of
Honor, Masagos Zulkifli, Singapore’s Minister for
the Environment and Water Resources presented
the winners with their awards.
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
NATIONAL NEWS
First-ever Islamic declaration on climate change inked
With a view to raise awareness among the

general public about threats associated with
climate change, the first-ever Islamic declaration
on climate change was signed at a ceremony held
at Governor House Lahore.
While addressing the ceremony, the governor
said that the priority remains to enhance climate
change resilience by building adaptive capacity
and the most imperative is to launch awareness
drives for behavioral change. He further said that
role of religious scholars in spreading awareness
about climate change during Jumma sermons is
highly significant. He appreciated the initiative of
Pakistan Red Crescent and pledged to provide
assistance to Pakistan Red Crescent.
Lights switched off at Sindh Assembly to observe Earth Hour 2019
Lights were switched off for an hour – from 8:30pm

to 9:30pm at the Sindh Assembly building in
Karachi and several other landmarks in the
country as well as at thousands of buildings and
establishments in over 180 countries around the
globe to celebrate Earth Hour 2019.
The WWF-Pakistan joined more than 180 nations
around the world to celebrate the Earth Hour, the
global movement united by millions of people
worldwide to show their commitment to protect
the planet. Landmarks across the country
switched off their lights in solidarity for the planet
and joined the WWF-Pakistan’s call to combat
climate change.
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
NATIONAL NEWS
IUCN Pakistan Celebrated World Wetland Day with theme

“Wetland and Climate Change” February 2nd, 2019
The World Wetland Day celebrated with the theme
“Wetland and Climate Change” Due to human
activities, the global climate is changing faster
than any previous century. The day, celebrated
every year on February 2, marks the date of
adoption of Ramsar Convention on February 2,
1971, in Ramsar, Iran. On this occasion Tahir
Qureshi, IUCN’s Senior Adviser on Coastal
Ecosystems briefed the participants of the
benefits of wetlands. He also highlighted the
importance of mangroves as a food security
providing sources of subsistence and livelihoods
for the most vulnerable communities as well as
cultural practices and identity.
World Wildlife Day celebrated to conserve species

March 3rd, 2019
Different events and activities held across the

country, also a prominent event organized by the
Snow Leopard Foundation (SLF) in collaboration
with the Ministry of Climate Change, the
Sustainable Tourism Foundation, and the Kyrgyz
Embassy at Islamabad and attended by
Ambassador of Kyrgyzstan Erik Beishembiev and
Adviser to the Prime Minister on Climate Change
Malik Amin Aslam as the chief guest at the event.
March 3 is globally observed as ‘World Wildlife Day’
with the purpose to celebrate and raise awareness
of the world’s animals and plants. The 2019 theme
is ‘Life below water: for people and planet’. The day
aligns closely with SDG 14 which focuses on
marine life, and will be an opportunity to highlight
the critical issues and value of marine wildlife to
our everyday lives.
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
Greta Thunberg nominated for Nobel Peace Prize for climate activism
Ms. Zartaj Gul resolved that Pakistan, as a great

nation, had to battle with the dilemma of climate
change and environmental degradation. The
minister asked the citizens to follow the vision of
the prime minister, and plant trees in the
metropolis to make it green, clean and beautiful.
She regretted that untreated wastewater was
being released to ocean. This issue needs
immediate attention from the authorities
concerned, she observed, and said that Pakistan
had the largest part of youth in her population. She
maintained that the nation needed to make her
youth aware about the importance of forests and
clean and green environment for human survival.
Climate strikes held around the world – as it happened
From Bangkok to Berlin, thousands of school

students from 123 countries and over 2,000 cities
all over the world go on strike against government
inaction on climate change. The marches are part
of a worldwide student movement, which started
in August 2018 when 16-year-old Swedish climate
activist Greta Thunberg began protesting outside
her parliament on school days. From Poland to
Colombia to Australia, thousands of young people
have spent their Fridays striking in the name of
climate change, signposting their activism with the
hashtag #FridaysforFuture. Some step outside
their school buildings for just a moment; others
throng together, marching through the streets by
the thousands.
CONTENT DISCLAIMER
The views and opinions expressed in the articles and
pictures are those of authors and do not necessarily
reflect or represent the views and opinions held by
Climate Beacon’s Network.
You may submit your success stories, articles

and events’ reports with pictures along with
author’s photograph and brief biography at
info@climatebn.com
THE CLIMACT MAGAZINE

+92-300-3283791
www.climatebn.com

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Shared Health Impacts of Climate Change Ms. Amna Akhtar 8

Impacts of Climate Change on Indigenous People Mr. Fazal Ur Rahim Awan 10

Creature's Breath - Climate Ms. Iqra Asghar 14

Industrialization and Environmental Deterioration Ms. Sana Fatima 16

Economical Water Usage Mr. Muhammad Abubakar 19

Luckily Earth Do Not Have Tongue Mr. Zeeshan Qasim 22

Smog in Pakistan Ms. Humera Qasim Khan 26

The End of Anthropocene Ms. Amna Riaz 28

Brief of Cleaner Production Mechanism Mr. Kashif Iqbal Butt 38

Nature Conservation Alliance Pakistan Mr. Mujtaba Haider Zaidi 40

Wahab’s Climate Acts. What’s Yours? Mr. Wahab Bukhari 41

Quarterly News Updates 43

PAKISTAN’S WAR AGAINST GLOBAL

F acing the brunt of global

This achievement is a positive and remarkable

Both India and Pakistan are coupled

About the Author

A JOURNEY THROUGH A CLIMATE VICTIM

About the Author

causes, the disastrous calamity of climate

must make climate friendly nuclear power

Two years ago, for the first time in four years,

About the Author

SHARED HEALTH IMPACTS OF

C limate change has become one of the

In case of frequent heat waves, the projected

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON

C limate change is a global issue; every

strategies like safe and clean supply of water,

Zoonotic diseases like Avian Flu can be

Water-borne diseases are a wave of burden in

these changes are also present in mountainous

The use of flour for water mill is

tested that throwing paste of these leaves