2018 - ელდარ მამისთვალიშვილი. გორის ისტორია. ნაწ. i.

eldar mamisTvaliSvili
goris istoria
I
(meore gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema)
Tbilisi
2018
1
In the first book of the monograph the history of Gori of feudal epoch is described
till 1801, that is before the occupation of Kartli – Kakheti Kingdom by the Russian
Empire, when the active role of Gori in the country`s economic, political and cultural
life got weakened, because of the loss of our country`s independence.
The study of the past of this important town of Shida Kartli gives us certain idea
about the current processes in the eastern Georgia of the mentioned period.
I believe that the book will be interesting to the researchers of the History of
Georgia and to the readers, interested by the history of our country.
.
В первой книге монографии история Гори феодальной эпохи описана до

1801 года, то есть до оккупации Картли-Кахетинского царства Российской
Империей, Из-за потери независимости нашей страны активная роль Гори в
экономической, политической и культурной жизни ослабела.
Изучение прошлого этого важного города Шида Картли дает нам
определенное представление о текущих процессах в восточной Грузии
указанного периода.
Cчитаю, что книга будет полезно исследователям истории Грузии и
читателям, интересующимся историей нашей страны.
wignze muSaobis dros Tanadgomisa da misi gamocemis dafinan-

sebisaTvis didi madlobas movaxseneb goris saxelmwifo istoriul-
eTnografiuli muzeumis direqtors, qalbaton Tina sosaniZes.
madlobas movaxseneb arqiteqtor, qalbaton manana yoranaSvils I
wignSi moTavsebuli naxatebis SesrulebisaTvis; muzeumis fondebis
mTavar mcvels qalbaton iamze xomasuriZes, ZiriTadi fondis
xelnawerebis ganyofilebis xelmZRvanels ekaterine ilariSvils;
agreTve mas da saeqspozicio ganyofilebis xelmZRvanels, eTnolo-
giis doqtor qalbaton Tamila koSoriZes wignis koreqturisaTvis;
goris universitetis inglisuri enis maswavlebels qalbaton eliza
isakaZes orive tomis reziumeebis inglisur enaze TargmnisaTvis.
saxelTa saZiebeli Seadgines goris saxelmwifo

saswavlo universitetis magistrantebma:
sofio doliaSvilma da Teona SavloxaSvilma
kompiuteruli momsaxureba: Salva muradaSvili
2
Sinaarsi
winasityvaoba .................................................................................................. 6
Sesavali ................................................................................................................. 8
goris mdebareoba da klimaturi pirobebi ................................. 8
gori gvanSuasaukuneebis rukebsa da atlasebze ................................. 9
Ggzebi .................................................................................................................................. 11
arqeologia goris Sesaxeb ........................................................................ 20
saxelisaTvis ............................................................................................................. 28
goris daarsebis legenda ............................................................................ 37
goris gaqalaqeba ................................................................................................... 39
goris Tavgadasavali
gori monRolTa batonobis dros ............................................................ 42
gori, Temurlengis Semosevebis dros ................................................. 52
gori XV s. meore naxevarSi ........................................................................... 54
gori XVI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi .................................................. 63
svimon I-is brZola goris gaTavisuflebisaTvis ..................... 67
gori XVII saukuneSi .............................................................................................. 91
gori XVIII s. pirvel meoTxedSi ............................................................... 115
gori òsmalobis~ periodSi ......................................................................... 120
osmalobis Sedgebi ...................................................................................................... 128
gori _ livis centri .......................................................................................... 131
gori `yizilbaSobis~ periodSi ................................................................ 133
gori Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is dros ................................ 141
goris garegani saxe ........................................................................................... 169
galavani ............................................................................................................................ 177
ubnebi da dasaxlebebi ....................................................................................... 182
quCa, gza, Sara ............................................................................................................ 187
moedani ............................................................................................................................... 189
moedani _ bazari ..................................................................................................... 190
duqani _ qulbaqi ..................................................................................................... 192
saxlebi .............................................................................................................................. 195
abano ..................................................................................................................................... 201
wisqvilebi ...................................................................................................................... 202
baR-bostnebi ................................................................................................................. 204
3
goris cixe .................................................................................................... 208
gorijvari ..................................................................................................... 235
mosaxleoba, socialuri struqtura,
klasobrivi brZola
1. mosaxleoba .......................................................................................... ........... 249
2. mosaxleobis socialuri struqtura ....................................... 259
damokidebuli xalxi ........................................................... ....................... 259
feodaluri aristokratia ..................................................................... 274
valdebulebani .......................................................................................... ....... 275
3. klasobrivi brZola .............................................................................. . 288
ekonomikuri ganviTareba
xelosnoba .................................................................................................................. 302
vaWroba ......................................................................................................................... 313
mevaxSeoba ................................................................................................................. 328
marTva-gamgeoba ........................................................................................ 335
mouravi ......................................................................... ............................................ 335
cixisTavi ................................................................................................................ 348
mamasaxlisi ........................................................................................................... 353
meliqi ......................................................................................................................... 362
nacvali ...................................................................................................................... 362
qedxuda .......................................................................................................................... 364
mebaJe ................................................................................................................................ 367
qalaqis mwerali ................................................................................................... 369
mdivanbegi ..................................................................................................................... 371
gori _ zemo qarTlis sadroSos centri ................. 373
gorSi arsebuli konfesiebi da maTi eklesiebi .. 385
goris marTlmadidebluri qarTuli eklesia ....................... 388
marTlmadidebluri taZrebi .................................................................... 395
somxuri eklesiebi ............................................................................................. 398
kaTolikoba da kaTolikuri eklesia gorSi ......................... 404
goris kaTolikuri eklesiis istoriis qronologia ... 444
oqonis xatebi da garsevaniSvilebis gvari goris
sulier da kulturul cxovrebaSi ....................................... 447
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxis `sxolioni~
rogorc istoriuli wyaro ........................................................................ 449
oqonis xatebis saqarTveloSi gadmosvenebis wina
4
pirobebi ........................................................................................................................... 452
goris oqonis xatebi ........................................................................................................ 458
oqonis eklesiis lokalizaciisaTvis ............................................ 484
oqonis eklesia fasadi da interieri
(miaxloebiTi aRwera) ....................................................................................... 487
oqonis eklesiis qoneba da misi dekanozis
ufleba-movaleobebi .......................................................................................... 495
saamayo garsevaniSvilebi da maTTan
dakavSirebuli movlenebi .................................................................. 510
iese garsevanis Ze ............................................................................................ 510
dimitri gიorgis Ze ....................................................................................... 511
mTavareposkoposi paisiosi .................................................................... 511
iese iakobis Ze ................................................................................................... 512
aleqsandre svimonis Ze ............................................................................. 434
ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba da saqarTvelo
sqolionis mixedviT ........................................................................................... 538
metoqeni _ garsevaniSvilebi da ananiaSvilebi ................ 540
danarTi
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxa da `sxolioni~ ... 545
damowmebuli wyaroebi da literatura ..................... 568
THE HISTORY OF GORI (up to 1801) Summary ...................... 593
ИСТОРИЯ ГОРИ (ДО 1801 г.) Резюме ........................................ 597
saZebeli ........................................................................................................................ 602
5
winasityvaoba
goris istoriis I-II tomis pirveli gamocemidan didi dro

gavida da igi bibliografiul iSviaTobad gadaiqca. es gansaku-
TrebiT iTqmis naSromis meore tomze, romelic Tavidanve mci-
re tiraJiT gamoqveynda.
bunebrivia, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis, gansakuTrebiT ki,
Sida qarTlelebisa da gorelebis didi interesi goris isto-
riisadmi, romelSic sakuTriv goris istoriasTan erTad met-
naklebad aisaxa Sua da axali saukuneebis saqarTvelos isto-
riis mniSvnelovani momentebi.
pirveli wignis mizania goris istoriis Seswavla 1801 wlam-
de, e.i. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTTan SeerTebamde, im drom-
de, roca Sesustda is aqtiuri Zala, romelsac es qalaqi war-
moadgenda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos ekonomikur, politikur
da kulturul cxovrebaSi. gorma dakarga Tavisi erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi funqcia _ qveynis dacva. amgvarad, XIX s. da-
sawyisidan daiwyo axali etapi rogorc mTeli saqarTvelos,
ise goris istoriaSi.
mkvlevarni didi xania dainteresdnen goris warsuliT da
zogierTma maTganma misi warsulis ama Tu im mxares specia-
luri naSromic ki miuZRvna. maT Soris unda davasaxeloT dim.
baqraZe, al. javaxiSvili, m. janaSvili, g. buxnikaSvili, l. zu-
mbaZe, i. berZniSvili. goris istoriis mecnierul SeswavlaSi
didi wvlili miuZRvis d. gvritiSvils, magram is ZiriTadad
XIX - XX s. pirveli naxevriT Semoifargla.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos S. mesxias damsaxureba go-
ris istoriis zogierTi sakiTxis SeswavlaSi, ris Sesaxebac sa-
Tanadodaa miTiTebuli winamdebare naSromSi.
monografiaze muSaobisas miznad davisaxe, meCvenebina Zveli
goris ara mxolod politikuri istoria, aramed misi cxov-
rebis sxva mxareebic: vecade aRmedgina Zveli qalaqisa da misi
cixis iersaxe, misi amaRlebisa da dacemis periodebi, mtrebTan
brZolis epizodebi, meCvenebina misi mosaxleobis ekonomikuri,
socialuri, eTnikuri da demografiuli mdgomareoba, klasob-
rivi brZola, samoxeleo aparati, eklesia da sxv.
6
pirvel wignSi Segnebulad ar gavamaxvile yuradReba gore-
lebis wvlilze qveynis kulturul cxovrebaSi. es sakiTxi uw-
yvetliv iqneba warmodgenili meore wignSi, romelic mTavrdeba
1921 weliT.
vcdilobdi gadmomeca goris warsuli cxovrebis ZiriTadi
damaxasiaTebeli momentebi, magram, wyaroebis simciris gamo,
yovelTvis ver SevZeli am ganzraxvis srulfasovnad Ses-
ruleba. amdenad, damatebiTi wyaroebis mignebis SemTxvevaSi,
saintereso periodis calkeuli sakiTxebis Seswavla Semdegac
gagrZeldeba. is ki unda aRiniSnos, rom winamdebare gamocemaSi
Seivso da gadamuSavda mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa.
naSromSi gamoyenebulia Cveni istoriografiisaTvis aqamde
ucnobi mravali dokumenturi da naratiuli wyaro, farTod
visargeble sergi makalaTias saxelobis goris saxelmwifo
istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis, goris raionuli arqivis,
k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa erovnuli centris, saqar-
Tvelos erovnuli arqivisa da moskovis samxedro istoriuli
arqivis fondebiT.
wignis meore gamocema ganxorcielda qalbaton Tina sosa-
niZis iniciativiTa da muzeumis finansuri mxardaWeriT, risTvi-
sac kidev erTxel vuxdi madlobas.
minda xazgasmiT gavimeoro pirvel gamocemaSi ukve naTqvami:
winamdebare monografia Cemi qalaqisadmi didma siyvarulma
damawerina. siyvaruliT dawerili mecnieruli naSromi ar
SeiZleba dazRveuli iyos xarvezebisagan, uneblie Secdome-
bisagan. mkiTxvelTa mier gamoTqmul yovel saqmian SeniSvnas
da survilebs siamovnebiT miviReb da SeZlebisdagvarad gaviT-
valiswineb Semdgomi muSaobis dros.
7
Sesavali
goris mdebareoba da klimaturi pirobebi
gori mdebareobs Sida qarTlis centralur nawilSi li-

axvis, mtkvris da mejudis SesayarTan, zRvis donidan 588 met-
rze. Zveli gori gaSenebuli iyo mxolod dRevandeli qalaqis
SuaSi amarTuli kldovani borcvis samxreT ferdobze (Semo-
rCenilia misi calkeuli fragmentebi). varaudoben, rom is
borcvi, romelzec cixea daSenebuli, kvernaqebis nawilia. erT
dros es borcvi aRmosavleTiT da dasavleTiT kvernaqebs
uerTdeboda. borcvi warmoiSva mdinareebis – mtkvris, liaxvisa
da mejudis moqmedebis Sedegad. savaraudoa, mejuda borcvs
uvlida aRmosavleTidan da mtkvars uerTdeboda. mdinareebs
Soris moqceuli borcvi kunZulad idga.
gorSi zomierad Tbili, stepuridan zomierad notioze gar-
damavali havaa. icis Tbili zafxuli da zomierad civi zam-
Tari. vaxuSti batoniSvilis Tanaxmad, àramed ars adgili
haviTa Suenieri, wyali kargi,…zafxuli keTili, zamTari civi,
qariani~1. XV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi italieli diplomati
ambrojo kontarini gors, havis mxriv, sakmaod karg adgilad
Tvlida2. amasve aRniSnavda XVII saukunis pirveli naxevris ita-
lieli misioneri don pietro avitabile3 da sxvebi.
kargi klimaturi pirobebis gamo, gori saagarako adgilad
iTvleboda. xSirad mefeebi Tu maTi ojaxis wevrebi zafxuls
gorSi atarebdnen. albaT, aseTi kargi klimatis gamo iyo, rom
gorSi iSviaTad Cndeboda epidemiuri daavadebebi. gori imiTac
1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqar-

Tvelosa / teqsti dadgenilia yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT
s. yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb., 1973, gv. 367.
2 Ramusio G. M., Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi, v. II, Venetia, 1559, p.
115 v.
3 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.) / Sesavali,
Targmani da komentarebi b. giorgaZisa, Tb., 1977, gv. 26.
8
izidavda mefeebsa da didebulebs, rom mis midamoebSi mravali
sanadiro adgili iyo.
gors xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. marTalia, Cvenamde moR-
weuli qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebi XII saukunidan mas mo-
ixseniebs, rogorc qalaqs, magram dReisaTvis sayovelTaodaa
aRiarebuli, rom didi xnis winaT, jer kidev Cvens welTaR-
ricxvamde, goris teritoriaze dasaxleba arsebobda.
gori gvanSuasaukuneebis rukebsa da atlasebze
gvianSuasaukuneebis rukebsa da atlasebze goris aRniSvna,

migvaniSnebs mis saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobaze gvanSuasauku-
neebSi. kartografebi gors ise aRniSnavdnen, rogorc maT xelT
arsebul wyaroebSi iyo warmodgenili (aseve iTqmis sxva geog-
rafiul saxelebzec). am mxriv sainteresoa fra mauros
msoflio ruka (1459 w.), romelzec Sav da kaspiis zRvebs Soris
moTavsebulia qveyana sorsania (çorçania)1. am erTi SexedviT
saqarTvelos aRmniSvnel saxelwodebas, romelic andaluziuri
dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli damwerlobiT aris Sesrule-
buli, fra mauros literaturuli wyaro unda yofiliyo imave
saukunis dasawyisis cnobili kastilieli diplomatis da mog-
zauris rui gonsales de klavixos èlCoba TemurlengTan~,
romelSic dasaxelebulia saqarTvelos mefe sorso (Rey sorso2.
igive avtori sxvagan imave mefes moixseniebs rogorc gurganiis
mefes _ Rey de gurgania, xolo saqarTvelos samefos _ senorio de
gurgania). mosalodneli iyo, rom Sua saukuneebis avtorebs
klavixoseuli mefis saxeli `sorso~ mTeli qveynisaTvis
ewodebinaT. aseTi magaliTi gvaqvs imave saukunidan, rodesac
italieli mogzaurebi samcxis aTabag yvaryvare II dids moix-
seniebdnen, rogorc gurgura-gorgoras da mis samTavrosac ase-
1 TvaraZe al., saqarTvelo da kavkasia evropul wyaroebSi XII-XVI

saukuneTa istoriografiuli da kartografiuli masalebis safu-
Zvelze, Tb., 2004, gv. 319-320.
2 rui gonsales de klavixos cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / espa-
nuridan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo
eldar mamisTvaliSvilma, Tb., 1992, gv. 34, 36.
9
Ti saxeliT icnobdnen1. rac Seexeba gors, igi fra mauros
msoflio rukaze aRniSnulia, rogorc gari (gari).
zemoaRniSnulis garda, Secdomis mizezi sxvac SeiZleboda
yofiliyo. imdrondeli geografiis codnisa da kartografiis
doneze miuTiTebs is uxeSi Secdomebi, romlebsac rukebze
vxedavT sxvadasxva geografiuli punqtis lokalizebis dros.
sailustraciod aRvniSnav, rom imave rukaze Savi zRva kaspiis
zRvis adgilzea, kaspiis zRva ki Savi zRvisaze; saqarTvelo,
TanamedroveTa gagebisda mixedviT, kavkasionis CrdiloeTiT,
kaspiis zRvis sanapiroze aris datanili, Sirvani ki Savi zRvis
Crdilo sanapiroze.
aseve xSiria goris lokalizeba sxvadasxva geografiul
garemoSi, zogjer gori erTsa da imave rukaze aRniSnulia or-
jer sxvadasxva adgilas. am mxriv sainteresoa italieli ja-
komo gastaldis mier 1548 wels Sedgenili ruka. masze lixis
mTis aRmosavleTiT erTmaneTis miyolebiT aRniSnulia ztfilis
(Tbilisi), cotachis (quTaisi), skander (skanda) da gorides (gori),
rogorc mniSvnelovani cixesimagre. imave rukaze gori kidev
aRniSnulia Tbilisisa da quTaisis aRmosavleTiT, derbentis
Crdilo aRmosavleTiT2.
gamoCenili frangi kartografis nikola sansonis rukaze
(1652 w.) gori (Cori) aRniSnulia, savaraudod, gogCas tbis Crdi-
lo-aRmosavleTiT, rogorc mniSvnelovani cixesimagre3.
Semdegi frangi kartografis pier diu valis rukaze (1682
w.) aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qalaqebidan datanilia mxolod
Tbilisi (tiflis), zagemi (zagan) da gori (Cori). gori warmodgeni-
lia, rogorc sabaraTianos qalaqi, xolo ingliseli robert
mordenis rukaze ki (1680 w.), qarTlis samefo warmodgenilia
mxolod ori qalaqiT _ TbilisiTa (Teflis) da goriT (Kori), ka-
xeTi mxolod ZegamiT (zagan), imereTi ki _ quTaisiT (Cotachis)4.
1 XV saukunis italiel mogzaurTa cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb /

italiuridan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo
eldar mamisTvaliSvilma, Tb., 1981, gv. 62.
2 lobJaniZe g., evropuli rukebi da saistorio wyaroebi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb (XVI-XVIII ss.), Tb., 2010, gv. 32-33.
3 iqve, gv. 45-47.
4 iqve, gv. 49, 51, 54.
10
goris identificireba iolad xerxdeba nikola sansonis
STamomaval Jil robert de vogondis rukaze àziuri Tur-
qeTi~, romelic moTavsebulia `yovlismomcvel portatul
atlasSi~ (1748 w.), sadac gori aRniSnulia md. liaxvis mtkvar-
Tan SesarTavTan, Tbilisis Crdilo-dasavleTiT1.
frangi robert bonis rukaze `sparseTis samefo da saqar-
Tvelo~ (1787 w.), md. liaxvis md. mtkvarTan SesarTavTan
datanilia qalaqi gori (Gori). imave sizustiTaa aRniSnuli
gori venecieli kartografis antonio Zatas rukaze2.
Semdgomi periodis rukebze goris aRniSvnasTan dakavSi-
rebiT seriozuli gadacdomebi aRar SeiniSneba.
Ggzebi
iberiis sxva cixe-qalaqebis (mcxeTa, sarkine, kaspi) msgav-

sad, romlebic centraluri kavkasionis kalTebidan gamom-
dinare xeobebis mtkvarTan SeerTebis adgilebSi warmoiSva,
goric antikuri da Sua saukuneebis sxva qalaqebis msgavsad
strategiuli da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan ad-
gilas aRmocenda. igi daarsda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ori
umniSvmelovanesi mdinaris _ liaxvis da mtkvris SesarTavTan3.
goris daniSnuleba liaxvis xeobis dacva iyo4. iberiis sxva
antikuri qalaqebis msgavsad, goric mdinareTa napiras gaSenda.
rogorc md. mtkvars, ise md. liaxvs uxsovari droidan didi
mniSvneloba hqonda ara mxolod amierkavkasiis, aramed sxva
mezobeli Tu Soreuli xalxebisTvisac. Zveli da axali welT-
aRricxvis mijnaze moRvawe udidesi mecnieri straboni miuTi-
Tebda iberiaSi Semavali oTxi gzis Sesaxeb, romlebic gorTan
kveTda erTmaneTs an mis maxloblad gaivlida. pirveli da
1 iqve, gv. 81-82.

2 iqve, gv. 87-88, 92-93.
3 md. liaxvis aRma mikvleulia uZvelesi xanis mravali samosaxlo
gora. ix. musxeliSvili d., cqitiSvili g., Sida qarTlis 1955 w.
dazverviTi eqspediciis Sedegebi // saqarTvelos istoriuli geog-
rafiis krebuli, I, Tb., 1960, gv. 185-196
4 WilaSvili l., qalaqebi feodalur saqarTveloSi, I, Tb., 1968, gv.
120, 122
11
yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo dasavleTidan, e.i. fazisidan md.
rioniT Sorapnamde mimavali samdinaro gza. Sorapnidan `fexiT,
saurme gziT 4 dReSi miisvleba mtkvramde~1. sainteresoa, rom
XV s. 70-ian wlebSi venecieli josafat barbaros TqmiT, skan-
dadan goramde 4 dRis savali iyo2. mtkvramde misuli gza
gorTan Caivlida kaspiis zRvis mimarTulebiT. es gza gansakuT-
rebiT mniSvnelovani iyo ara mxolod antikur epoqaSi, aramed
mTeli Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSic da met-naklebi intensi-
urobiT moqmedebda.
VI saukunis dasasrulidan gori, msgavsad sxva qarTuli
qalaqebisa, romlebic antikur periodSi did ekonomikur da
politikur rols asrulebda, feodaluri formaciis gamarjve-
bis, dampyrobTa Semosevebis Sedegad dakninda da didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi warmoadgenda mcire dasaxlebuli punqts. goris
gamococxleba da misi TandaTan dawinaureba iwyeba IX-X sauku-
neebidan. es procesi nela, magram ganuxrelad mimdinareobda.
Sua saukuneebis goris dawinaurebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vneloba hqonda im gzebs, romlebic Sida qarTlSi gadioda.
Sida qarTli suramis uReltexiliT ukavSirdeboda dasavleT
saqarTvelos, samxreT saqarTvelos – mtkvris xeobiT, kaxeTs –
gomboris uReltexiliT, Crdilo kavkasias – darialis xeobiT.
dasaxelebuli gzebi ara marto saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanes
olqebs akavSirebda erTmaneTTan, aramed saerTaSoriso mniS-
vnelobisac iyo. arcTu iSviaTad, mteri am gzebis xelSi
Cagdebis da maTi eqsploataciis mizniT iWreboda qarTlSi.
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqon-
da `fazisis gzas~, romelic dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken
gadakveTda mTel saqarTvelos da gorTan gaivlida. cnobil
italiel mkvlevars juzepe kanales es uZvelesi gza hqonda
mxedvelobaSi, rodesac aRniSnavda, rom italielebs `saqarTve-
loze gamavali gza xels uwyobda sparseTTan didi vaWrobis
1 yauxCiSvili T., strabonis geografia, Tb., 1957, gv. 123.

2 XV saukunis italiel mogzaurTa cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv.
37.
12
advilad da Tavisuflad warmoebaSi~1. sxvagan igi ambobda, rom
am gzam didi roli iTamaSa Crdilo italiis qalaq-res-
publikebis – veneciis, genuisa da pizas gamdidrebasa da gaZ-
lierebaSi da man Tavisi mniSvneloba keTili imedis koncxisa
da amerikis aRmoCenamde SeinarCuna2.
XV s. meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos es umTavresi da uZ-
velesi gza, romelsac Cveni qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTare-
bisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda, italielebis –
barbaros da kontarinis – gadmocemiT, ukve imdenad iyo dakni-
nebuli, rom mSvidobiani mgzavrebisaTvis misi gamoyeneba arc-
Tu uxifaTo iyo. qveynis feodalur samefo-samTavroebad
danawilebis Sedegad, aRniSnuli gzis gamoyeneba gansakuTre-
biT araxelsayreli gaxda. TiToeuli feodali, romlis sam-
flobelozec gza gadioda, mgzavrisagan moiTxovda baJs da
sabaJoebic momravlebuli iyo. amis Sesaxeb laparakia mraval
qarTul wyaroSi, venecieli diplomati ambrojo kontarini
Tavis `mogzaurobaSi~ mravalgan aRniSnavda qarTvel moxe-
leTagan Seviwroebaze. mdgomareoba kidev ufro daamZima osma-
lebis mier saqarTvelosken momavali saxmeleTo da sazRvao
gzebis gadaketvam, ramac XV saukunis meore naxevarSi zemo-
aRniSnuli gzis dasusteba-dacarieleba gamoiwvia. magram, ro-
gorc Cans, saqarTvelos gzebi, romlebmac odindeli mniS-
vneloba dakarges, garTulebuli mdgomareobis miuxedavad,
evropelTaTvis aRmosavleTTan kavSiris dasamyareblad mainc
moxerxebuli iyo.
gorze gadioda savaWro-satranzito magistrali, romelic
mas iranTan da osmaleTTan ekonomikur urTierTobaSi abamda.
es gza gaivlida azerbaijans, somxeTs, Semdeg Tbilisi _ gori
1 Della Crimea, del suo commercio e dei suoi dominatori dalla origini fino al di nostri.
Commentari storici, dell avvocato Michele Giusaeppe Canale, v. I, Genova, 1855, p.
352, 374.
2 Della Crimea, del suo commercio e dei suoi dominatori dalla origini fi no al di nostri.
Commentari storici, dell avvocato Michele Giusaeppe Canale, v. II, Genova, 1856, p.
247.
13
_ surami _ axalcixe _ artanuji _ arzrumi1. igi mTavari
arteria iyo amierkavkasiaSi. is mtkvrisa da aragvis SeerTe-
basTan orad iyofoda. erTi dasavleTiT, gorze, suramze da
axalcixeze gavliT arzrumisaken midioda. meore gaivlida
duSeTsa da yazbegs da Crdilo kavkasiaSi gadavidoda. gu-
riidan da aWaridan momavali gza axalcixesTan uerTdeboda
mTavar magistrals.
im gzebma, romlebic saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiros ka-
spiis zRvis qveynebTan akavSirebda XIII-XV ss. saerTaSoriso
mniSvneloba SeiZina. ori maTgani foTsa da soxumSi iwyeboda,
quTaisis maxloblad erTdeboda, goramde modioda, sadac
uerTdeboda, aseve uaRresad mniSvnelovan goderZis uReltexi-
lis gzas. igi axalcixis gavliT Tbilisisaken miemarTeboda2.
aRniSnuli gzis Tbilisi-goris monakveTi dawvrilebiT
gamoikvlia n. berZeniSvilma. gza mtkvris marjvena napirs miu-
yveboda da Semdeg punqtebs gaivlida: Tbilisi _ diRmis kari _
diRmis veli _ naqulbaqevi _ muxaTgverdi _ armazi _ kavTis-
xevi _ axalqalaqi _ doesis mindori _ xidisTavi3. armazTan
gzas ganStoeba hqonda, gadadioda mtkvris marcxena napirze
mcxeTaSi, Semdeg mtkvris cixe, muxrani, naWarmagevi4 da
dvaleTisaken miemarTeboda5, rogorc Cans, es gza adre gors
auqcevda. mogvianebiT, goris mniSvnelobis gazrdis gamo,
muxranis gza qalaqze gadioda. amaze migviTiTebs farsadan
gorgijaniZis mier aRwerili 1690 wlis ambavi. èrekle mefe
(Tbilisidan _ e. m.)... saqarTvelos jariT, muxranis gziT gors
wabrZanda mefis aleqsandres sanaxavad~6.
1Malkolm I., The History of Persia From the Most Early Period to the present Time, v.
II, London, 1815.
2 Берадзе Т., Мореплавание и морская торговля в средневековой Грузии.
Автореферат, Тбилиси, 1986, с. 29.

3 berZeniSvili n., gzebi rusTavelis epoqaSi, Tb., 1966, gv. 18.
4 iqve, gv. 19.
5 iqve, gv. 26.
6 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria / s. kakabaZis gamocema, saistorio
moambe, nakv. II, 1925, gv. 281
14
gori _ gzebis Sesayari
goridan midioda gza dvaleTs, romelzec miuTiTebs leonti

mroveli II saukunis ambebTan dakavSirebiT. am gzis mimar-
Tulebis zogierT detals gvamcnobs vaxuSti batoniSvili,
roca vaxtangVI-is oseTze laSqrobas gadmogvcems: `kulad aRi-
mÃedra spiTa Sesvlad oseTs da Sevida da Semusrna p (80 _ e.
m.) koSkni, mowva da mostyuevnna urCni, Cavlo zramaga da
Semovlo JRelis Ãevi da gardmovlo kedelsa zeda da movida
kudaros da kudarodam qarTls gamarjvebuli... daipyra
dualeTi da dasdva xarkni da gors mdgomi iSuebda sxÂsa
ganzraxi~1.
1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 491.
15
sainteresod aqvs aRwerili quTaisi-goris gza ambrojo
kontarinis. man 1474 wlis 12-17 ivliss quTaisidan gorSi
imogzaura, da am gzaze sami yvelaze mniSvnelovani qalaqi daa-
saxela: quTaisi, skanda, gori1. imave qalaqebs asaxelebs aseve
venecieli barbaro 1477 w.2. frangma mogzaurma Jan Sardenma am
gzis gavlas, uamindobis gamo, TiTqmis ori kvira (1672 w. 16-31
dekemberi) moandoma. quTaisisken mimavalma Sardenma gaiara
gori _ ali _ kolbouri _ sazano _ skanda _ Cxari _ quTaisi3.
sainteresoa Sardenis mier aRwerili Tbilisidan samcxes
mimavali gza, romelic qarTlis samefos sataxtodan goramde
mtkvris marjvena napirs misdevda, Semdeg marcxena napirze
gadadioda. Sardenma Tbilisidan goramde iara 20-22 dekembers.
es gza, axalcixidan goramde, Sardenis mixedviT, ase warmo-
midgenia: axalcixe (Sardeni axalcixidan gavida 13 dekembers
dRis 2 saaTze) _ awyuri _ surami _ urbnisi _ gori (15
dekemberi)4.
gori _ awyuris gza XIII saukuneSi n. berZeniSvils Semdeg-
nairad aqvs navaraudevi: `gori, viwro, e.i. taSiskari, axaldabis
xidi, xevni, aw-yuri~5. gvian periodSi igive gza goridan or
Stod gadioda da taSiskarTan kvlav erTiandeboda. pirveli:
gori _ tinisxidi _ urbnisi _ ruisi _ aradeTi _ moxisi _
taSiskari; meore: gori _ skra _ qareli _ samwevrisi _ wromi
_ xcisi _ brbona _ sative _ taSiskari, taSiskarTan gaerTiane-
buli gza petres cixeze gavliT awyurSi midioda6.
tanas xeobiT gori TrialeTsa da javaxeTs ukavSirdeboda.
am gzam garkveuli roli iTamaSa goris gamococxlebasa da
dawinaurebaSi. iq, sadac md. tana mtkvars erTvis, atenis xeobis
gorTan damakavSirebeli xidic ki yofila. am gziT 1474 w. (20-22
1 Ramusio G. M., Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi, v. II, p. 115r-115v.

61.
3 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi
(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb) / frangulidan Targmna, gamokvleva
da komentarebi daurTo m. mgalobliSvilma, Tb., 1975, gv. 278-282.
4 iqve, gv. 272-274
5 berZeniSvili n., gzebi rusTavelis epoqaSi, gv. 39.
6 iqve, gv 40, 42.
16
ivlisi) kontarini goridan loreSi gadavida1. imave gziT 1477
w. saqarTvelos damarbeveli uzun hasani loreze gavliT
erevanSi mivida. man goridan loremde mgzavrobas sami dRe
moandoma2. amave gziT imogzaura ispahans mimavalma qarTlis
mefe giorgi XI-m 1696 w. `mcnobi mefeca mivida als, waruZRva
mehmandari didiTa pativiTa, Cavlo qarTli, Sevlo ateni,
ganvlo TrialeTi, aboci da mivida erevans... Semdgomad mivida
ispaans winaSe yeenisa~3. rogorc kapitan-poruCiki lvovi 1773 w.
oqtomberSi graf n. i. panins werda, imereTis mefe solomon I
am gziT javaxeTSi gadavidao4.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg ruseTis mTavro-
bam axal samflobeloebze sruli kontrolis damyarebis miz-
niT, maTi aRwera da Sesabamisi gegmebisa da rukebis Sedgena
ganizraxa. general-leitent knoringis miTiTebis Sesabamisad
1802 wlis 10 ivniss polkovnik dreniakins miamagres 1 kazaki da
daevala Tbilisis, Telavis, gorisa da duSeTis gegmebis Se-
dgena. gegmebSi aRniSnuli unda yofiliyo eklesiebi, saxlebi,
savaWro duqnebi, saxelosnoebi da sxv. maT raodenobasTan er-
Tad aRniSnuli unda yofiliyo, agreTve, duqnebSi vaWrobis
dro, savaWro saqonlis sadauroba, saidan da romeli gzebiT
(saxmeleTo, samdinaro) SemohqondaT saqoneli; aRniSnuli unda
yofiliyo miwisa da wylis simdidre; rukaze datanili unda
yofiliyo yvela dasaxleba, gzebi, ama Tu im dasaxlebuli
punqtidan Tbilisamde manZili, gamagrebuli adgilebis, taZre-
bisa da Senobebis aRniSvniT.
1802 wlis 17 noembers dreniakini knorings moaxsenebda, rom
Tbilisisa da goris gegmebi Sedgenilia. rac Seexeba kamera-
lur aRweras, mravali cnobebis uqonlobis gamo, rac gamowve-
1
Ramusio G. M., Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi... v. II, p. 115v.
62.
4
Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII столетия, относящиеся к
Грузии, т. 1, с 1768 по 1774 год. Под ред. А. А. Цагарели, СПб., 1891, с. 386.
17
uli iyo komendantebis mouqneli muSaobis Sedegad, dausru-
lebeli darCa1.
goris 1802 wlis gegma saSualebas gvaZlevs aRvadginoT is
gzebi, romliTac es qalaqi ara mxolod mniSvnelovan cen-
trebs, aramed Tavis irgvliv mdebare soflebsac ukavSir-
deboda. goris `TurqeTis~ karidan gadioda gza, romelic
mcire manZilis Semdeg iyofoda: erTi midioda jer samxreTiT,
Semdeg mtkvris sanapiros gauyveboda aRmosavleTis mimar-
TulebiT da goris axlandeli Tamar mefis quCis bolos, kver-
naqebis Ziras (e. w. wiTel kldeebTan) midioda, saidanac mgzav-
rebs mdinaris meore napirze foniT gadasvla SeeZloT. aq
ukavSirdeboda gori mtkvris marjvena napirze gamaval Tbili-
sis gzas da atenis xeobas.
`TurqeTis~ karidan gasuli gzis ganayari gaivlida goris
somxebis sasaflaos samxreTiT da ufliscixisken wavidoda.
ufliscixisken gadioda gza, agreTve, `muxranis~ karidan,
imave karidan gadioda `Дорога в поле“, romelic Crdilo aRmo-
savleTisaken miemarTeboda.
ìmereTis~ karidan gadioda ori umniSvnelovanesi gza:
erTi, romelic CrdiloeTiT midioda, gegmis mixedviT iwodebo-
da qalaq duSeTisa da Tbilisi gzad (`Дорога в городе Душете и
Тифлисе“), meore ki _ imereTisaken. es ukanaskneli md. mejudaze,
mis mravalricxovan Senakadebze da md. liaxvze gadaivlida.
imave karidan gadioda gza Tedowmindisa da varianisken.
rogorc davinaxeT, gori savaWro-saqaravno gzebis Sesa-
yarze mdebareobda, ramac ganapiroba misi didi mniSvneloba
mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze. goris moxerxebul mdeba-
reobas ruseTis mTavrobam saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis-
Tanave miaqcia yuradReba. 1833 w. vinme `xersonecma~ (gorSi
ganlagebuli xersonis grenaderTa polkis oficris fsevdoni-
1
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, т. I, Тифлис, 1866, c.
764. knoringi dreniakins afrTxilebda, rom saqarTveloSi mosax-
leobis aRwera wesad ar hqondaT. Tu aseT rames mainc akeTebda
Zveli mTavroba, mosaxleobaSi eWvsa da ukmayofilebas iwvevda. ami-
tom saWiro iyo aRweris dros didi sifrTxile da moqniloba,
saidumlo gamokiTxvebis Catareba da sxv. Тамже, c. 487-489.
18
mi unda iyos) gamoaqveyna werili1, romelSic naTqvamia: `sam-
xedro TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi gori rusTa Zlierebis
erT-erTi strategiuli punqtTagania. CrdiloeTidan da samx-
reT-dasavleTidan es aris Tbilisis gasaRebi; amave dros gori
aris TurqeTis sazRvrebidan da Savi zRvidan momavali gzebis
simagreTa dasacavi kvanZi... gori mdebareobs saqarTvelosa da
ruseTs Soris mimaval or gzas Sua. erT gzad me vTvli jer
ar arsebuls, magram SesaZlebels _ Savi zRvis sanapirodan
momavals, xolo meore gzad _ saqarTvelos samxedro gzas,
TagaurT xeobaze rom gaivlis~2.
werilSi Semdeg naTqvamia, rom saqarTveloSi ruseTis
jarebis mTavarsardals a. p. ermolovs (werilis avtori gvars
ar asaxelebs, iZleva mxolod inicials _ è~) gauTvalis-
winebia goris xelsayreli mdebareoba da misi TbilisisaTvis
dapirispireba ganuzraxavs. ermolovs, mefis koloniuri poli-
tikis gamtarebels, kargad esmoda, rom damoukidebloba dakar-
guli qarTveli xalxisaTvis Tbilisi misi istoriis, kul-
turis, erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da konsolidaciis kerad
rCeboda. axal viTarebaSi, Tbilisidan mmarTvelobis aparatis
gorSi gadataniT, saqarTvelos istoriuli dedaqalaqi Tanda-
TanobiT daknindeboda da igi ekonomikuri da politikuri cen-
tris mniSvnelobas dakargavda.
ermolovma ganizraxa goridan gaeyvana gzebi ruseTisaken
Tagauris xeobiT oseTsa da imereTze gavliT. man 1825 w. erT-
erTi inJineri, xersonis grenaderTa polkis rotis TanxlebiT,
javis, kasarisa da alagiris xeobebiT yabardoSi gagzavna.
razmma mamisonis xeobaSi sofel tibimde miaRwia. misi Semdgomi
winsvla adgilobrivma SeiaraRebulma mosaxleobam SeaCera da
razmi gorSi dabrunda. meored gagzavnili eqspedicia javidan
ahyva did liaxvs da jamagisa da zixis xeobebis gavliT
naramde mivida. amas iqiT osebma aRar gauSves. SemdgomSic ram-
denjerma scades aRniSnuli gzis Seswavla, magram warumate-
blad. maSasadame, Sida qarTlis Crdilo kavkasiasTan damakav-
1
Гори древная столица Карталании // «Московский телеграф», 1833, №16, август, c.
493-512.
2
Гори древная столица Карталании, c. 496-497; gvritiSvili d., goris
istoria, Tb., 1954, gv. 9.
19
Sirebeli istoriuli dvaleTis gzis gamococxlebis cdam da
Tbilisidan `gorSi yvelafris gadatanis, yvelafris Tavmoy-
ris~ ganzraxvam marcxi ganicada.
arqeologia goris Sesaxeb
gorSi safuZvliani arqeologiuri kvleva ar Catarebula,

magram SemTxveviT mignebulma sxvadasxva nivTma, samarxma da
nagebobam sakmao masala mogvca misi uZvelesi warsulis Sesas-
wavlad.
1850 w. gorSi aRmoCnda parTiuli draqmebis ganZi, romelic
amJamad saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumSia daculi. meoce
saukunis dasawyisSi aRmoCnda e. w. kolxuri strateri (Trakiis
mefis lisimaqes strateris1 minabaZi), romelic III-I ss. gane-
kuTvneba. aRmoCnda, agreTve egviptis dedofal kleopatras da
antoniusis moWrili moneta. àseTi numizmatikuri monacemebi,
aseTi Tavmoyra samoneto erTeulebisa, eWvs gareSea, dakav-
Sirebuli iyo mZlavr da mniSvnelovan bazarTan, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, mZlavr saxelosno-savaWro centrTan unda yo-
filiyo dakavSirebuli~2.
1939 wlis ivlisSi saqarTvelos kulturis ZeglTa dacvis
ganyofilebam sakontrolo gaTxrebi Caatara goris cixeze.
aRmoCnda Zv. welTaRricxvis I saukunis qalis qandakebis
fragmenti (romelic Senobis karnizis fragmenti unda iyos).
igi damzadebulia qviSaqvisagan (inaxeba goris istoriul-
eTnografiul muzeumSi). mikvleulia sxva masalebic3.
1940 w. martSi goris pedinstitutis win, WavWavaZis quCaze,
miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas 2,10 m siRrmeSi aRmoCnda samarxi.
1 lisimaqes (Zv. w. a. 306-381) saxeliT moWrili oqros moneta, romelic

saerTaSoriso fuladi erTeulis rols asrulebda da farTod
iyo gavrcelebuli saqarTveloSic. ix. dondua g., saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli aleqsandre makedonelisa da lisimaqes saxeliT mo -
Wrili monetebi. `macne~, istoriis seria, Tb., 1973, #1.
2 WilaSvili l., qalaqebi feodalur saqarTveloSi, gv. 53. Гори, древная
столица Карталинии. Московский телеграф, 1833, №16, август, с. 493-512.
3 berZniSvili i., goris cixe, Tb., 1960, gv. 11. Гори, древная столица Карт-
алинии, с. 496-497; gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, Tb., 1954, gv. 9.
20
adamiani pirdapir miwaSi iyo Camarxuli. masSi moiZebna mZivebi,
Tixis jami1.
imave wlis aprilSi, imave quCaze (axlandeli goris uni-
versitetis meore korpusis pirdapir) aRmoCnda kidev sxva sa-
marxi, romlis siRrme iyo 2 m. samarxSi adamianis daSlil Con-
CxTan erTad aRmoCnda parTiis mefis gotarzesis (Cveni w. a. I
saukune) vercxlis draqma, mZivebi (egvipturi pastis, sardionis,
brolis natexebi), liTonis samkaulebi (vecxlis beWedi lalis
TvliT, brinjaos kuStuli), Tixis jami2.
i. WavWavaZis quCaze, kvlav miwis samuSaoebisas, aRmoCnda
mesame samarxi 2 m siRrmeSi. masSi iyo minisa da Tixis WurWe-
li, brinjaos zanzalaki3.
s. makalaTias azriT, gorSi aRmoCenili samkaulebi iden-
turi iyo mcxeTis imave saukunis samkaulebisa. aRmoCenili
samarxebi man daaTariRa I-II saukuniT, roca iberiis samefo
romis imperiis gavlenis qveS iyo, magram igi mainc inarCunebda
mWidro kulturul kavSirs aRmosavleTis qveynebTan, kerZod
parTiasTan4.
goris warsulis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT uaRresad didi
mniSvneloba hqonda 1946 w. 5 aprils goris cixis CrdiloeTis
ferdobis mozvavebisas gamoCenili Zveli cixis kedlis naSTs
da keramikul natexebs. kedeli naSenebi iyo Tlili qviT. Zveli
nageboba da nivTebi (keramikuli nawarmi, qviSaqvis gaTlili
kvadrebi, aguri, kramiti) adgilze inaxules mkvlevarebma (g.
nioraZe, g. gobejiSvili, i. ciciSvili da d. gvritiSvili). aR-
moCenili nivTebi maT bagineTis sinqronulad miiCnies5.
1 makalaTia s., gorSi aRmoCenili nekripolis daTariRebisaTvis //n.

baraTaSvilis saxelobis goris pedagogiuri institutis Sromebi,
II, gori, 1947, gv. 99.
2 iqve, gv. 99-100
3 makalaTia s., gorSi aRmoCenili nekropolis daTariRebisaTvis, gv.
104.
4 WilaSvili l., qalaqebi feodalur saqarTveloSi, gv. 53.
5 afaqiZe a., qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba Zvel saqarTveloSi,
Tbilisi. 1963, gv. 22, 74, 76.
21
mkvlevarTa azriT, go-
ri, misTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli mSeneblobis yvela
niSnis mixedviT, ganekuT-
vneba antikur qalaqTa ri-
gs. gorSi arsebobda sa-
fortifikacio-TavdacviTi
nagebobani, romelic gamo-
irCeoda grandiozulobiT
da mSeneblobis xelovne-
biT. kldeSi amokveTil
fosoebSi Casmul qvaTli-
lTa saZirkvelze amoyva-
gasaTxreli damewyrili ubani, nili iyo alizis didi ke-
xedi CrdiloeTidan (2015w.) dlebi. kldeSi Camagre-
buli qvaTlilebi erTimeoresTan gadabmuli iyo uwyvetiT.
alizis wyoba gardigardmo datanebuli muxis ZelebiT Seu-
magrebiaT da SeulesiaT. zRudes monoliTuri saxe hqonda. koS-
kebi da kontrforsebi oTxkuTxa kramitiT iyo gadaxuruli1.
goris cixis teritoriaze mikvleuli siZvelis mravali
naSTi SeiZleba adreantikuri da elinisturi xaniT daTariR-
des2. aRmoCnda, rom uZveles droSi, borcvis Crdilo fer-
dobze, mowyobili yofila Tixis WurWlis, aguris, kramitis,
wyalsadinari milebis sawvavi qura, romelsac aRniSnuli qvis
kedeli amagrebda. quris adgilas aRmoCnda, agreTve, alizis
kedeli. TiToeuli alizis sigrZe 60-65 sm-ia, sigane _ 10 sm.
iqve iyo didi moculobis mrgvali formis zedapirmoswo-
rebuli klde, romelsac zevidan edo brtyeli sipi qva,
garSemo ki eyara naxSiri da Tixis WurWlis namtvrevebi. misgan
sami metris moSorebiT eyara moyviTalo-mowiTalo feris qvebi.
varaudoben, rom xelosnebi mas iyenebdnen damxmare masalad3.
1 goris cixis nagebobani gadaxuruli yofila mcxeTuri kramitiT.

afaqiZe a., qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba Zvel saqarTveloSi, gv.
22, 74, 76. gamoiyeneboda orgvari kramiti: brtyeli, gverdebakecili
(solenis tipis) da Rariseburi (kalipteris tipisa).
2 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, I, Tbilisi 1970, gv. 716.
22
uaRresad sainteresoa gorSi mewyeris Sedegad gamoCenili
antikuri kedelis fragmentisa da sxva artefaqtebis berZe-
niSviliseuli Sefaseba saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis. mewyeris
Camowolidan daaxloebiT erTi Tvis Semdeg (1946 wlis 11
marti), n. berZeniSvili werda akad. simon janaSias, romelic
mZime seniT Sepyrobili afxazeTSi mkurnalobda. sxvadasxva
mniSvnelovan ambebTan erTad n. berZeniSvili adresats acnobebda:
`goris ambavs aleqsi1 getyvis. rogorc dainaxav, didi saqme
gaCnda. gaazreba da movla sWiria: Cveni Rirsebis sakiTxia...
Cndeba da rogori medidurobiT, antikuri saqarTvelo...~2.
rogorc Cans, gorSi momxdarma faqtma n. berZeniSvili aalaparaka
zogadad saqarTveloSi arqeologiis, rogorc mecnierebis
savalalo mdgomareobaze. `Zveli qarTuli qalaqebis Tu cixeebis
Seswavla (`gaTxra~) unda
Tavs idon saqarTvelos
istoriis specialistebma...
savarjiSo Sroma arqeo-
logiur Zeglze yovlad
dauSvebelia. armaz-bagine-
Ti, oseTi, das. saqarTve-
lo... exla ueWvelia gori.
ara kmara erTi jerobisaT-
vis? raRac rigi, TandaTan-
oba, daspecialeba unda gan- 1946 wlis mewyriT gamoCenili citadelis
xorcieldes...~3 kedlis Canaxati (g. lomTaTiZis mixedviT)
1950 w., q. goris adminis-
traciuli saxlis saZirkvlis mSeneblobisas, aRmoCnda samarxebi.
samarxebSi adamianebis naSTebTan erTad iyo monetebi, minisa da
sardionis mZivebi, zanzalaki, Tixis WurWeli da sxv. aRmoCnda,
agreTve, qvevr-samarxi. goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi
daculi es nivTebi TariRdeba Zv. w. a. II-I saukuniT4.
1 Aaleqsi robaqiZe, cnobili eTnografi.

2 janaSia r., niko berZeniSvilis ucnobi werilebi // Tbilisis
universitetis Sromebi 328. istoria, arqeologia, eTnografia, Tbi-
lisi, 1999, gv, 263.
3 iqve, gv, 263-264.
4 berZniSvili i., goris cixe, gv. 12.
23
sxvadasxva dros gorSi aRmoCeneli zogierTi nivTi,
romlebic daculia goris istoriul eTnografiul muzeumSi
24
amgvarad, goris, rogorc cixe-qalaqis istoria iseve So-
reul xanaSi iwyeba, rogorc mcxeTisa, e.i. Zveli welTaRric-
xvis I aTaswleulis meore naxevarSi1.
zemoCamoTvlili aRmoCenebis mSeneblobis teqnikis, numiz-
matikuri monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ufleba gvaqvs, gori
Zlier antikur dasaxlebad, qalaqad2 an qalaqis tipis punqtad
vaRiaroT3.
goris xelsayreli mdebareoba mSvenier pirobebs qmnida
masSi xelosnobisa da vaWrobis ganviTarebisaTvis. amaze migvi-
TiTebs q. goris da misi cixis teritoriaze aRmoCenili adgi-
lobriv damzadebuli Tu importuli sagnebi, numizmatikuri
masala. kramitis damzadebaze miuTiTebs aRmoCenili nimuSebi,
romlebic Zv. w. a. IV-III ss. TariRdeba. kramiti unda gamoe-
yenebinaT saero, sakulto da sasimagro nagebobebis gadasaxu-
rad4. samSeneblo saqmis maRal doneze migvaniSnebs antikuri
xanis goris cixis naSTebi. SeiZleba gavixsenoT strabonis
sityvebi: ìberia metwilad kargad aris dasaxlebuli qala-
qebiTaca da dabebiTac, ise rom iq aris kramitiani saxuravebi,
saxlebi arqiteqturulad mowyobili, bazrebi da sxva sazoga-
do (dawesebulebani)~5. straboni, marTalia, konkretulad, gors
ar asaxelebs, magram unda vifiqroT, rom igi iberiis
`qalaqebsa da dabebSi~ gorsac gulisxmobda.
1990 wlis gaTxrebisas6 citadelis Crdilo-aRmosavleT ke-
delTan (sur. 1). gamovlinda gviani Sua saukuneebis droindeli
marani wylis an Rvinis Sesanaxi qvevrebiT, romlebic CaduRa-
bebulia (sur. 1-5). qvevrebis nawils pirebi sxvadasxva doneze
aqvs, rac SesaZloa am adgilas reliefis daxrilobiTac iyos
1 lomTaTiZe g., winaparTa nakvalevi. saqarTvelos arqeologiis nar-

kvevebi, Tb., 1952, gv. 138.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, I, gv. 62.
4 iqve, gv. 716.
5 yauxCiSvili T., strabonis geografia, gv. 127.
6 gaTxrebis saerTo xelmZRvaneli _ iulon gagoSiZe, citadelis
ubnis xelmZRvaneli – giorgi mindiaSvili. fotoebi da naxatebi
gadmomca arqeologma giorgi mindiaSvilma risTvisac madlobas
vuxdi.
25
ganapirobebuli da dangreuli marnis ganaxlebiTac (sur. 5).
qvevrebis ormoebs CaWrili aqvs winamorbedi, aseve gviani
Suasaukuneebis, periodis kulturuli fena da Tavadac dazia-
nebuli da gadafarulia momdevno drois SenobaTa kedlis
fragmentebiT (sur. 2- 4).
goris cixis arqeologiuri Seswavlis mizniT 2017 wlis
ivlisSi Seiqmna arqeo-geofizikuri eqspedicia Semdegi Semad-
genlobiT: prof. jemal qiria _ eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli;
akademiuri doqtori gogi mindiaSvili – erovnuli muzeumis
ufrosi mecnier TanamSromeli, gorosa saxelmwifo saswavlo
universitetis mowveuli specialisti, arqeologi; mecnierebaTa
doqtori daviT odilavaZe _ georadiolokaciuri jgufis
xelmZRvaneli; mecnierebaTa doqtori nodar varamaSvili _
eleqtrosaZiebo jgufis xelmZRvaneli; mecnierebaTa doqtori
avTandil TarxniSvili _ eqspediciis wevri.
goris cixis Siga da mimdebare teritoriaze Catarebuli
kompleqsuri geofizikuri gamokvlevebis mizans Seadgenda:
goris cixis Siga teritoriaze niadagis fenis simZlavris
dadgena da masSi arqeologiuri obieqtebis (kedlebi, gvira-
bebi, kulturuli fenebi) gamovlineba da dadgena.
eqspediciis mizani iyo goris cixis mimdebare arqeolo-
giuri obieqtebis (kedlebi, gvirabebi, kulturuli fenebi) ga-
movlineba da Semokontureba.
2017 wlis 2 noembers goris saxelmwifo saswavlo uni-
versitetis istoriisa da arqeologiis centrSi Seqspediciis
mier mopovebuli masalis ganxilva.
eqspediciis wevrebis daskvna iyo Semdegi: 1. goris cixis
teritoriis gare perimetris 500 mhc da 300 mhc georadio-
lokaciuri ekranirebuli antenebiT miRebuli georadaruli
profilebis interpretaciis Sedegad moiniSna rigi obieqtebisa
romelTa radiosaxe didi albaTobiT miuTiTebs SemosazR-
vruli Rru sivrcis arsebobas.
2. goris cixesimagris Sida teritoriis georadiolokaci-
uri (300 mhc da 500 mhc sixSiris ekranirebuli antenebiT)
pirveladi gamokvlevis (gatarebul profilebze) Sedegad
dafiqsirda fundamentis narCenebi, antropogenuli warmoSobis
obieqtebi.
26
3. goris cixis teritoriis gare perimetris vertikaluri
eleqtruli zondirebis meTodiT Seswavlis safuZvelze moi-
niSna garkveuli are, romelic SeiZleba Seesabamebodes Semo-
sazRvruli Rru sivrcis an arqeologiuri naSTebis arsebobas.
amis Semdeg saqmeSi unda CaerTon arqeologebi.
davubrundeT im materialur da werilobiT cnobebs rom-
lebic dReisaTvis gagvaCnia. maTze dayrdnobiT, gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom SesaZlebelia `didi mcxeTis~ msgavsad
arsebuliyo `didi kaspi~ _ dasaxlebaTa kompleqsi, romelSic
Sedioda goris cixe, ufliscixe, kaspi da mimdebare raionebi.
wm. ninos cxovrebaSi naTqvamia, rom mirian mefis dros
arsebobda sami didi cixe: aspi, kaspi da ufliscixe. SeiZleba
aspSi goris cixe vigulisxmoT. amgvari daSvebis safuZvels iZ-
leva gorsa da kaspSi aRmoCenili nivTieri kulturis Zeglebi
da, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom im Soreul warsulSi gori qalaquri
tipis dasaxleba iyo. igi, mtkvris gayolebiT mdebare uflis-
cixesa da kaspTan erTad, qmnida qalaquri dasxlebis erTian
kompleqss, msgavsad `didi mcxeTisa~1. magram am kompleqsSi wam-
yvani adgili ekava ufliscixes, romelic Zv. w. a. V-IV saukune-
ebSi gadaiqca `zena soflis~ (Sida qarTlis) politikur (da
religiur?) centrad~.
àm drois gorisa da kaspis raionebi iq mosaxle TemebiT
ufliscixis gavlenis sferoSi Sedian~2. ùfliscixe _ kaspi _
goris `qveyana~ aRmosavleTiT `didi mcxeTis~ `qveyanas~
emijneboda, xolo dasavleTiT _ ùrbnisis qveyanas~3.
goris cixisa da kaspis warmoqmnis Semdeg, is raioni, rom-
lis mosaxleobasac ufliscixe emsaxureboda da eqsplu-
atacias uwevda, unda Semcirebuliyo. liaxvis xeoba, TandaTa-
nobiT gors daukavSirda, xolo lexuris kasps. ufliscixis
dasustebis procesi nela mimdinareobda. igi Tavis mniSvne-
1
Меликишвили Г., К истории древней Грузии, Тбилиси, 1960, с. 239-240.
2 xaxutaiSvili d., iberiis qalaqTa istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1960, gv.
95.
3 xaxutaiSvili d., iberiis qalaqTa istoriis sakiTxebi, gv. 103.
27
lobas inarCunebda antikur epoqaSi, xolo Sua saukuneebSi, XII
saukunemde, umniSvnelovanesi strategiuli punqti iyo1.
ufliscixis mniSvnelobis Sesustebisda mixedviT izrde-
boda goris mniSvneloba. es procesi miT ufro Seuqcevadi xde-
boda, rac ufro Zlierdeboda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. saqar-
Tvelos gaerTianebisa da mtris TareSiს alagmvis Semdeg uf-
liscixem sabolood dakarga Tavisi mniSvneloba da `man
pirveloba gors dauTmo~2. sabolood, goris gaqalaqeba daviT
აRmaSeneblis saxels ukavSirdeba. daviTis dros `goris cixe
da misi mimdgomi daba qalaqad iqca~3.
saxelisaTvis
yovelive zemonaTqvamidan gamomdinare, safuZveli gvaqvs vi-

laparakoT antikuri goris Sesaxeb. magram, samwuxarod, ar
viciT ra erqva mas im epoqaSi. Zveli Tu axali drois mkvle-
varebs ainteresebdaT da ainteresebT goris warsuli da, buneb-
rivia, misi saxelic.
qarTul istoriografiaSi TiTqmis ucilobel faqtad iyo
miCneuli, rom gori pirvelad moxseniebulia XI saukunis
istorikosis juanSeris TxzulebaSi (`cxovreba vaxtang gor-
gaslisa~), roca is mogviTxrobs VII saukuneSi mefe stefanozis
mier Tavisi vaJebisaTvis _ arCilisa da mihrisaTvis saganZuris
ganawilebis ambavs. `xolo arCil dahfla saganZuri ufrosi
Ãevsa kaxeTisasa; xolo samsaxurebelni oqrosa da vercxlisani
Ãevsa ujarmisasa, da saganZuri qarTlisa da javaxeTisani
dasxna gors. romeli manve erekle ganaCina samalavad ganZTa
maTTÂs, romelni Tana ver wanaqondes. saxeli gorisa mis ars
1 iqve. d. gvritiSvils miaCnda, rom X-XI saukuneebSi, ufliscixe

kvlav qarTlis politikuri centri iyo. ix. misi goris istoria,
gv. 13.
2 iqve, gv. 14.
3 berZeniSvili n., dondua v., meliqiSvili g., mesxia S., ratiani p.,
saqarTvelos istoria, I, Tb., 1958, gv. 175-176.
28
tonTio, romel ars TargmanebiT `mTa oqro-sa~1. da dasua mas
zeda tilismi, raTa ver vin SeuZlos gamoRebad. xolo sa-
ganZurni yovelTa qarTlisa eklesiaTani daflna aCrdilsa
didisa sionisasa mcxeTas. da Semdgomad mciredTa JamTa Sevida
arCilca egradve~2.
juanSeri, erTi SexedviT, axsenebs gors, romelic bi-
zantiis keisars herakles pirvelad gamouyenebia ganZis sa-
malavad da Tanac saxeli _ tonTio (`mTa oqrosa~) uwodebia.
vaxuSti batoniSvilma arasworad gaigo juanSeris naTqvami da
misi Semdegnairi interpretacia mogvca: `xolo arCil sagan-
Zuri dafla ujarmis Ãevsa da saganZurni qarTlisa gors, ro-
meli keisars ereklesave ganeCina~3. vaxuSti `goris qalaqis~
aRwerisas, marTalia, ar axsenebs juanSers, magram naTlad
Cans, rom mas gulisxmobs, roca ambobs: `garna cxovrebasa
weril ars: èrekle keisarman uwoda tonTio (romel ars
oqros mTa) da hyo saflvelad saganZurTa~3.
didad sayuradReboa goris istoriul-eTnografiul muze-
umSi daculi mefe vaxtang VI-is sigeli, saidanac irkveva, rom
im kldes, romelzec agebulia cixe, Tamar mefis dros kvlav
tonTio rqmevia, misi midamoebi ki dausaxlebeli yofila.
àmisda saxilvelad movida TviT mefaÁ ese Tamar didebul da
mas Jamsa ixila borcvi erTi, romel ars goraka klde
tonTiod saxeldebuli da Sua liaxvs da mejudas Sina
maRnarovani, tyisagan Sefaruli, moewona da ganakafina da aRa-
Sena eklesia saxelsa z~a oqonis RvTismSoblisa~4. Ddaaxloeb-
iT igivea ganmeorebuli 1725 wlis erT-erT sigelSi5.
vaxuSti, SeiZleba iTqvas, gamoxatavs Tavisi droisaTvis ga-
vrcelebul azrs. marTalia, sigels boloSi aqvs minaweri:
1 T. mesxis ganmartebiT, gorakis saxelwodeba _ `tonTio~ berZnuli-

dan momdinareobs da angelozTa mTas niSnavs. mesxi T., oqonis
xatis raobisa da istoriisaTvis Tb., 2015, gv. 25.
2 qarTlis cxovreba / teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris
mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, II, Tb., 1959, gv. 233.
4 iqve, gv. 367.
5 goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi #7601/57 (Sem-
degSi _ gsiem)
29
`gamomZiebeli amisi da damamtkicebeli TviT mpyrobeli da
eranis spaslari vaxtangi~, magram ar gamovricxav imasac, rom
vaxuSti batoniSvili iyos am mosazrebis avtori.
Semdgomi periodis TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari juanSeris
cnobas igebda ise, rogorc vaxuStim gaigo. d. gvritiSvilma,
matianedan moyvanili citatis safuZvelze, daaskvna: juanSe-
risaTvis gori VII saukuneSi sakmaod gamagrebul cixesimagred
iTvleboda, sadac saxelmwifo qonebis dacva SeiZleboda.
mtersac ki scodnia, rom gori miuval cixe-simagre yofila.
aseve aqvs gagebuli zemomoyvanili wyaro S. mesxias1.
pirveli, vinc juanSeris `gori~ sakuTar saxelad ar
miiCnia, iyo s. yauxCiSvili. man `qarTlis cxovrebis~ I tomis
(aqvea Setanili juanSeris Txzuleba) saxelTa saZiebelSi ar
miuTiTa `gori~, rogorc sakuTari saxeli. aq Cven vnaxulobT
mxolod `tonTios~, romelic mkvlevarma isev teqstis mixedviT
ganmarta (`mTa oqrosa~) da aRniSna, rom `matiane qarTlisaSi~
dasaxelebulia imave saxelwodebis sofeli, javaxeTSi2.
matianis teqsts Tu CavukvirdebiT, garkveviT Cans, rom `go-
ri~ saxeli ki ar aris, aramed gori/borcvia. juanSeri xom
pirdapir ambobs: `saxeli gorisa aris tonTio~, e.i. tonTio im
goris/goras/borcvis saxelia.
mematiane ambobs, rom arCilma qarTlisa da javaxeTis
saganZuri dafla, adre, herakles mier saganZuris Sesanaxad
gamoyenebul borcvSi (goraSi). Semdeg xazgasmiT miuTiTebs,
rom imave arCilma qarTlis eklesiis ganZi mcxeTaSi `daflna
aCrdilsa didisa sionisasa~. maSasadame, arCils ganZis erTi
nawili, kerZod saero, Seunaxavs javaxeTSi _ tonTioSi, xolo
meore, eklesiisa ki _ mcxeTaSi.
juanSeri rom javaxeTis tonTios gulisxmobda da ara
gors, yuradReba miaqcies mkvlevrebma j. gvasaliam da d. ber-
ZeniSvilma3.
mtkvrisa da liaxvis SesarTavTan arsebuli qalaqis saxeli
gori qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi XII saukunidan Cndeba,
1 gsiem, #169.
2 gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 6; mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani,
II, Tb., 1983, gv. 98.
3 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 422, tonTio.
30
roca daviT IV aRmaSenebelma igi qalaqad gadaaqcia. manamade
ra erqva im adgils, romelic antikuri droidan iyo dasax-
lebuli? albaT simarTlesTan axlos is versia unda iyos,
romelsac gvTavazobs vaxuSti batoniSvili, rodesac igi go-
ris Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: àman saxeli moigo gorisagan, romeli
aRmosrul ars mun didi~1. aq ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT n.
berZeniSvilis hipoTezi `goraebTan~, anu borcvebTan dakavSi-
rebiT: `garkveul dros Cveni winaprebi, sazogadoebrivi ganvi-
Tarebis garkveul safexurze, iseve rogorc sxva xalxis
winaprebic, `goraebad~ saxlobdnen... rom es `goraebi Cveni
winaprebis socialuri ganviTarebis garkveuli safexuris
maniSnebelia, rom es `goraebi~ iyo safuZveli, saidanac ganvi-
Tardnen uZvelesi `dabebi~, `qalaqebi~, `cixeebi~, `salocavebi~2.
n. berZeniSvili iqve miuTiTebs, rom qarTlis yvela Zveli
qalaqi, maT Soris gori, Tavdapirvelad `gora~ iyo. aq, ra Tqma
unda igulisxmeba is periodi, roca qalaqi, am sityvis
namdvili gagebiT, jer ar arsebobda, Tundac mcire gama-
grebuli adgilis saxiT gaCnda. kldovani gora (borcvi)
imdenad gamokveTili iyo mis irgvliv arsebuli reliefisagan,
rom mis samxreT ferdobze gaSenebuli dasaxlebisaTvisac ase-
Ti saxelis (gora/gori) Serqmeva savsebiT mosalodneli iyo.
1 gori, iSviaTad, magram mainc, iwodeboda sxvadasxva saxeliT. XVII s.

ramdenime sparsul wyaroSi gors `sefiabadi~ _ rCeuli qalaqi,
saamo qalaqi hqvia. qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi / teqsti daadgina
da SeniSvnebi daurTo v. fuTuriZem, Tb., 1955, ##143, 150, 156. ioane
bagrationi erTgan ambobs: `gori yasamCa (yaramCa) qalaqi~, e.i.
patara dasaxlebuli punqti. bagrationi i., qarTl-kaxeTis aRwera,
Tb., 1986, gv. 39; qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi. teqsti daadgina da
SeniSvnebi daurTo v. fuTuriZem, Tb., 1955, ## 143, 150, 156. XVII s.
cnobili frangi mogzauris Jan Sardenis TqmiT, saxelwodeba gori
warmodgeba sityvisagan, romelic `Rors~ niSnavs, radganac Rorebi
aq didi raodenobiTaa da Tanac saukeTeso jiSisaa. Jan Sardenis
mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi, gv. 296.
mogzauris am gulubriyvilo ganmartebis komentirebaze Tavs Sev-
ikaveb.
2 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, I, Tb., 1964, gv.
363.
31
aqve unda gavixsenoT j. gvasalias mier varaudis saxiT
wamoyenebuli mosazreba: `xom, araa SesaZlebeli, rom goris
Zveli saxeli yofiliyo rexi an rexis gori, romlisaganac
gvian SemogvrCa mxolod gori, xolo saxeli rexi SerCa mis
maxloblad mdebare sofels (iqneb gareubans an agaras?)~1.
mkvlevars aseTi varaudis daSvebis safuZvlad miaCnia is,
rom am saxelwodebis geografiuli punqti dResac aris goris
CrdiloeTiT 2 km-is daSorebiT. arsebobs zemo da qvemo rexi.
rexi moxseniebulia leonti mrovelis TxzulebaSi II saukunis
ambebTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod, roca mimdinareobda omi sparse-
lebisa da qarTlelebisa somexTa, berZenTa da megrelTa
winaaRmdeg2.
àbibos nekreselis martvilobis~ mixedviT, abibosi rexaSi
gaasamarTles da iqve dasajes sikvdiliT3.
rexTan moxda brZola xalifatidan gamdgari Tbilisis
amira sahaksa da mis mowinaaRmdegebs Soris 842 wlis Semdgom
periodSi4.
`martvilobaSi~ TiTqos Cans, rom rexa ara erTi romelime
konkretuli punqtis, aramed mxaris, qveynis aRmniSvneli saxe-
lia. is aRniSnavs zena sofels (an mis garkveul nawils). ga-
moTqma `garemos qalaqebsa mas reÃisasa~ kidev ufro aZlierebs
am eWvs. `rexaSi (mxareSi) ramdenime qalaqi igulisxmeba. araa
gamoricxuli, rom rexis mxaris romelime calkeul punqts (da
iqneb ara erTs) erqva rexi (rexa)~5.
ra Tqma unda, araferi maqvs imis sawinaaRmdego, rom Zve-
lad gors Tundac rexa rqmeoda, magram arsebuli masalebiT
1 gvasalia j., liaxvis xeobis istoriuli geografiis sakiTxebi //

saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis krebuli, IV, Tb., 1982, gv. 54;
berZeniSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiidan.
zemo qarTli-Tori, javaxeTi, Tb., 1985, gv. 94.
2 gvasalia j., liaxvis xeobis istoriuli geografiis sakiTxebi, gv.
52-53.
3 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, Tb., 1946,
gv. 244-246.
4 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 256.
5 gvasalia j., liaxvis xeobis istoriuli geografiis sakiTxebi, gv.
53.
32
amis argumentireba SeuZlebelia. jer erTi, zemoT dasaxe-
lebuli wyaroebiT rexis lokalizeba ar moxerxdeba. ar Cans
rom namdvilad dReisaTvis cnobil rexazea laparaki, Tundac
imitom, rom leonti mrovelis TqmiT, Zveli rexa mdebareobda
md. liaxvze, Tanamedrove ki _ md. mejudaze, goridan 5 km-ze.
meore: Znelia imis dajereba, rom àbibos nekreselis
martvilobaSi~ dasaxelebul rexaSi igulisxmebodes ara erTi
romelime punqti, aramed mxare, qveyana. Tavis droze iv.
javaxiSvilma eWvi gamoTqva, rom `martvilobaSi~ Secdomaa da
rexis, gansazRvruli `sofelis~ magier unda iyos `qalaqi~1.
erT frazaze (`garemos qalaqebsa mas reÃisasa~) dayrdnobiT
verc imas davamtkicebT, rom rexaSi iseTi mxare igulisxme-
boda, romelic ramdenime qalaqs moicavda.
vfiqrob, `martvilobaSi~ gasagebad aris gacxadebuli: mo-
vidnen mamani rexis garSemo, irgvliv (teqstSi _ `garemo~, rac
Zveladac niSnavda: irgvliv, gareSemo. niSnavda mezobelsac)
arsebuli qalaqebidan.
mesame: yuradRebas ipyrobs erTi garemoebac. leonti mro-
velis mier aRwerili ambavi TariRdeba II saukuniT, xolo `ma-
tiane qarTlisasi~ ki IX s. 40-iani wlebiT. Tu gaviziarebT j.
gvasalias mosazrebas, rom Zvel gors rexa erqva da TviT rexa
(sofeli Tu qalaqi) goris siaxloves mdebareobda da igi
iseTi mniSvnelovani iyo, rom iq marzpanma abibosi gaasama-
rTla, ar SeiZleba maSin borcvze cixe ar yofiliyo da
brZolebi am cixesTan ar momxdariyo. es ki mematianes mxedve-
lobidan ar gamorCeboda. leonti mroveli ratom unda ambo-
bdes, rom brZola moxda md. liaxvis piras, rexSi, xolo
`matiane qarTlisas~ avtori ki _ `gamovida sahak laSqriTa da
dadga reÃs~. es ki mafiqrebinebs, rom Zvelad rexis maxloblad
araviTari simagre ar arsebobda. arqeologiuri monacemebiT ki
viciT, rom maSin goris borcvi cixesimagriT iyo damSvenebuli.
dasasrul, ratom maincdamainc goris siaxloves rexSi
unda momxdariyo abibosis dasja? xom arsebobda da dResac
1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, I, Tb., 1960, gv. 359.
33
arsebobs sxva rexi walkis raionSi, sadac SemorCenilia nan-
grevebi eklesiisa, romelsac àbibos monasteri~ erqva1.
seriozul yuradRebas imsaxurebs somexi anonimi is-
torikosis fsevdo-Sapuh bagratunis ìstoriaSi~ daculi erTi
cnoba, romelic vfiqrob, X saukunis gors Seexeba. igi imdenad
mniSvnelovani mgonia, rom vrceli amonaweri unda moviyvano.
fsevdo-Sapuhi wers: ìm dros sumbatma moisurva lazTa anu
afxazTa mefesTan damoyvreba. man afxazTa mefis Teodosis
qaliSvili colad SerTo Tavis vaJs muSeRs da megobrebi
gaxdnen isini, magram sumbat mefem ganizraxa daepyro afxazTa
gavari, romelic mdebareobda Sirakis gavarTan axlos... ro-
desac sumbatma es Seityo, Sekriba jari da bevri xalxi. igi
wavida afxazTa qveynisaken da miaRwia nohanTa qveynamde, sofel
goramde, iq imyofeboda afxazTa mefe da masTan erTad muSeRi.
afxazTa mefem daaguba mdinaris wyali, cixe-simagres wyali Se-
moavlo da aRar iyo SesaZlebloba qalaqSi Sesvlisa da im
yinulis gamo, romliTac dafaruli iyo mTeli veli...
dabinavdnen isini gayinuli mindvris irgvliv. sumbat mefe
yoymanobda, radgan ar hqonda SesaZlebloba sofel goris
dapyrobisa. maSin vaspurakanis mTavarma gurgenma uTxra Tavis
azatebs... gamovida gurgeni, wavida azatebTan da Seatyobina maT
mefis brZaneba. Semoasxdnen da gahqusles gayinul mindorze,
rodesac isini miuaxlovdnen sofels, gamovidnen afxazTa
mefis jarebi, garSemoertynen gayinul napirebs, Ca-Tvales ra
igi sakuTar nadavlad. isini uaxlovdebodnen Cumad, vinaidan
gurgen mTavarma daariga Tavisi azatebi... miaxlovdnen isini
xmeleTs, uecrad raRac wamoiZaxes da SeZaxilebisagan afxazTa
jarebi ukuiqcnen, garsSemoertynen da daiwyes maTi maxvilebiT
mosrva... man (gurgenma – e.i.) Seipyro afxazTa mefe da muSeRi,
sumbatis Svili da moiyvana isini sumbat mefesTan. gancvifrda
yvela tomi, romlebic mefesTan iyvnen. daTanxmda afxazTa mefe,
gadasca kangarqi, gogSeni da koli. maT Soris mSvidoba Camo-
varda~2.

2 cagareiSvili e., anonimi istorikosi (fsevdo-Sapuhi) da misi ìsto-
ria~ // `mravalTavi~, filologiur-istoriuli Ziebani, V, Tb., 1975,
gv. 162-163.
34
fsevdo-Sapuhi gors samjer `sofels~, xolo erTxel `qa-
laqs~ uwodebs. X saukuneSi goris qalaqad moxsenieba ìsto-
riis~ avtoris an gadamweris uneblie Secdoma unda iyos1.
anonimis mier gadmocemul brZolas TiTqosda unda exma-
urebodes `matiane qarTlisas~ is adgili, sadac naTqvamia: `mas
Jamsa gamovida konstanti, afxazTa mefe, daipyra qarTli, da
umtera somexTa mefe sumbat tiezerakali, gamoilaSqra spiTa
didiTa, da moadga ufliscixesa, da moiRes palan-kurdani,
aRmoages zemo-kerZo da wariRes cixe ÃrikiTa xolo keTilad
imzaxsnes sumbat da konstanti, da ukumosca ufliscixe da
yoveli qarTli~2.
anonimuri ìstoriis~ mkvlevarni ver Tanxmdebian misi
daweris TariRze. n. anikians da i. markvarts XI saukunis Ze-
glad miaCndaT. m. abeliani ufro akonkretebs TariRs – upi-
ratesobas aniWebs XI s. pirvel. aTwleuls. h. aWariani ki XIII
saukunisad miiCnevs. m. ter-movsesiani XII-XIV saukuneebiT
aTariRebs. jer m. darbinian-meliqianma, Semdeg e. cagareiSvilma
im faqts miaqcies yuradReba, rom anonimi gors asaxelebs. maT
ucilobel faqtad miaCniaT XII s. somexi istorikosis maTeos
urhaecis cnoba daviT aRmaSeneblis mier goris daarsebis
Sesaxeb. aqedan daskvna: gori Tu daviT aRmaSenebelma daarsa,
maSasadame fsevdo-Sapuhi, radgan gors asaxelebs, XII saukuneze
adrindel istorikosad ar CaiTvleba.
marTalia, a. abdalaZes savsebiT dasaSvebad miaCnia daviT
aRmaSeneblis mefobamde, kerZod X saukuneSi, goris soflis
arseboba, magram Tvlis, rom fsevdo-Sapuhis mier aRwerili
brZola ufliscixesTan unda momxdariyo, magram, radgan som-
xebisaTvis goris damaxsovreba ufro advili iqnebo-da, amitom
istorikosi gors moixseniebs. amgvarad a. abdalaZe e. caga-
reiSvilis mosazrebis ganmtkicebas imave `matiane qarTlisas~
zemomoyvanili citatis meSveobiT cdilobs3. masSi gadmocemu-
1 abdalaZe al., amierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa urTierToba IX--

XI saukuneebSi, Tb., 1988, gv. 34.
3 cagareiSvili e., anonimi istorikosi (fsevdo-Sapuhi) da misi ìsto-
ria~, 156-157; abdalaZe al., amierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa
urTierToba IX-XI saukuneebSi, gv. 33, 34, 225.
35
lia somxeTis mefe sumbat I-is mier ufliscixis aReba, rasac
mkvlevrebi 904 wliT aTariReben. am brZolaSi egrisis mefe
konstantine damarcxda. e. cagareiSvilis varaudiT, fsevdo-
Sapuhs `matiane qarTlisaSi~ mocemuli brZolis aRwera surda,
magram man erTmaneTSi auria sxvadasxva dros momxdari ambebi1.
fsevdo-Sapuhis Txzulebis kritikosebs ZiriTad dasayrde-
nad kvlav is rCebaT, rom igi brZolis adgilad gors asaxe-
lebs da ara ufliscixes.
vfiqrob, `matiane qarTlisaSi~ da somexi istorikosis
TxzulebaSi sxvadasxva brZolebia aRwerili. pirveli brZola
moxda 904 w. sumbat I-sa da egrisis mefe konstantines (kon-
stanti) Soris ufliscixesTan, xolo meore ki Svidi aTeuli
wlis Semdeg sumbat II-sa (977-990) da afxazTa mefe Teodos III
(daaxloebiT 975-978) Soris gorTan.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs anonimis is cnoba,
sadac naTqvamia, rom afxazTa mefem gors `wyali Semoavlo da
aRar iyo qalaqSi Sesvlis SesaZlebloba~.
istorikosis mier aRwerili brZolis adgili yvelaze
metad dRevandeli goris mdebareobas, mis geografiul garemos
miesadageba. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ar meguleba iseTi cixe-
simagre, romlis dacvisaTvis aRniSnuli RonisZiebis (mdinaris
dagubeba da dasaxelebuli punqtisa da cixesimagris mimdebare
teritoriis wyliT dafarva) Catareba ase moxerxebulad Sei-
Zleboda. rogorc dRes, ise warsulSi goris midamoebi wylis
siuxviT gamoirCeoda. im borcvs, romelzec Tavdapirveli dasa-
xeleba Seiqmna da cixe aSenda, sami sakmaod wyaluxvi mdinare
Caudis: mtkvari, liaxvi da mejuda. ori ukanaskneli mdinare
borcvis Ziras miedineboda. borcvis irgvliv teritoriis
datborva md. mejudis wyliT SeiZleboda.
md. mejuda borcvis CrdiloeTiT miedineba. dRevandeli
goris meore sajaro skolis maxloblad mdinares Tu daagu-
bebdnen, maSin wyali arxis saSualebiT borcvs aRmosavleTidan
da samxreTidan Semouvlida da md. liaxvs SeuerTdeboda. imave
arxis saSualebiT aRniSnuli teritoriis datborvac SeiZle-
boda. amgvarad, goris dasaxleba da cixe, wyliT garemoculi
1 cagareiSvili e., anonimi istorikosi (fsevdo-Sapuhi) da misi
ìstoria~, gv. 157.
36
iqneboda. ufliscixeSi aseTi samuSaos warmoeba praqtikulad
SeuZlebeli iyo da arc saWiroeba moiTxovda. ufro metic, go-
ris qalaqis wyliT savse arxiT dacvis garkveuli tradiciac
arsebobda da mas, rogorc Cans, SemdgomSic periodulad iyene-
bdnen. am mxriv sainteresoa osmaleTis sulთan ahmed III-is 1727
w. firmani, saidanac vigebT, rom givi amilaxvarma goris `cixis
rabaTis garSemo... ganieri ormo gaTxara da mdinaridan Sig
wyali gaiyvana da gamagrebuli adgilebi simtkiciT srulyo~1.
goris garSemo 5 adlis siganis da 4 adlis siRrmis xandakis
(Txrili) gaTxra brZana er-ekle II-m 1772 w.2 ioane bagrationis
proeqtiTac `gors garSemo Semoevlos didi Rrma Txrili da
ese avavsoT fSnebis wyliT~3. maSasadame anonimi istorikosis
cnobis sizustes qarTuli da Tuqruli wyaroebic adasturebs.
yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebasac, rom, Tu anonimi
XII s. an misi Semdgomi periodis moRvawea da igi gors mainc
sofels da ara qalaqs uwodebs, maSin mas kargad scodnia, rom
winaT (yovel SemTxvevaSi X saukuneSi) gori sofeli iyo, e.i.
icavs istoriul sinamdviles, igive faqti SeiZleba imis
dasamtkicebladac gamodges, rom anonimma XII saukuneze adre,
e.i. goris qalaqad gadaqcevamde (roca gori sofeli iyo)
dawera Txzuleba.
amgvarad, fsevdo-Sapuhi unda CavTvaloT dRemde cnobil
pirvel istorikosad, romelmac dagvitova yvelaze adreuli
cnoba gorze.
goris daarsebis legenda
moRweulia legenda goris daarsebaze. legendis mixedviT,

Tamaris dros goris borcvi warmoadgenda kunZuls mtkvris,
liaxvis da mejudis wylebs Soris. aq iyo saSineli morevi,
garemo mxare uRran tyeebiT iyo Semosili. jer isev gasaTxo-
vari Tamar mefe mobrZanda. binad amoirCia mTa gorisa. monadi-
1 abulaZe c., osmalobis xanis sami Turquli firmani // aRmosav-

luri filologia, III, Tb., 1973, gv. 296.
2 ioane bagrationi, sjuldeba, Tb., 1957, gv. 54.
3 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros // saistorio moambe, I, Tb.,
1945, gv. 9, #1.
37
reebi miifant-moifantnen tyeebSi sanadirod da pasta xnis
Semdeg dabrundnen didZali nanadireviT. mravali iyo mokluli
Rori, iremi, xoxobi da sxv. mxolod monadireebTan ar sCanda
dedoflis sayvareli mimino, aaTval-CaaTvalieres da dainaxes,
rom mimino ijda goris borcvis kldis gamoSveril Wiuxze.
Tamarma brZana: `vinc momiyvans miminos, avusruleb rasac
mTxovso~.
`tba-morevi-ki Relavda, qSinavda.
dedoflis davalebis aRmsrulebeli ar Canda. magram ucbad
gundidam gamovida viRac Svenieri Wabuki. ficxlav daukra Tavi Tamar
mefes, daeSva gorisidam da gadaxta morevSi. mZlavri mklavebi da
fexebi SeaTamaSa da mardad gascura. miuaxlovda borcvis napirs,
mimino xelT igdo da mRelvarebasve Tavi misca. ager gmiruლad
moxopavs, modis. ager kidec moawia aqeT napiramde. cotaRa uklia,
xmels daadgas fexi, Tamarma gaifiqra: `piroba davude, rasac mTxov,
agisrulebo. xeli rom mTxovos!~ SeaJrJola. gulSi Seevedra RmerTs:
`Tu agreTi ganzraxviT mohyavs mimino, RmerTo daRupeo da morevs
miecio~ _ brZana da wyalma CasZira gmiri Wabuki. Inana Tamarma da
codvis mosaxdelad es keTili saqme hqmna: tba-morevi, romelic
yovelwliv ramdenime kacs axrCobda, CauSo mtkvaris kalapotSi da
gaswrita, TviT borcvzeda aago magari goris cixe~1.
gorelma a. s. garsevaniSvilma im sagvareulo sigel-guj-
rebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic dRes daculia goris istoriul-
eTnografiul muzeumSi, 1868 w. Jurnal `ciskarSi~ gamoaqveyna
werili da cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom gori daarsa Tamar
mefem 1187 wels da gori uwoda2. al. garsevaniSvilis am weri-
lis safuZvelze gamoiTqva eWvi, rom SeiZleba Tamar mefem
giorgi rusis momxreebis mier dangreuli gori aRadginao3.
magram, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, giorgi rusis momxrebs
gori ar auRiaT da asec rom yofiliyo, 1191 w. dangreuli
gori 1187 w. rogor aRsdgeboda.
1 janaSvili m., Tamar mefe, tf., 1917, gv. 102-103; legenda gorze / Sead-
gines marine jaliaSvilma da eldar mamisTvaliSvilma, gori, 1998,
gv. 3-15.
2 `ciskari~, 1867, #2, gv. 8
3 berZniSvili i., goris cixe, gv. 14.
38
goris gaqalaqება
daviT aRmaSeneblis mier Turq-seljukTa batonobisagan

Tbilisis gaTavisuflebam (1122 w.) da misi saqarTvelos deda-
qalaqad gadaqcevam, cixe-qalaq ufliscixes mniSvneloba dau-
karga. amis Semdeg iwyeba goris TandaTanobiT aRzeveba, ro-
gorc ekonomikuri, ise samxedro TvalsazrisiT. man uflis-
cixis adgili daikava qarTlSi.
goris aRdgena-ganaxlebisa da misi qalaqad gadaqcevis sa-
qmeSi udidesi roli iTamaSa daviT aRmaSenebelma. qveynis ga-
erTianebis Semdeg, 1124 w., man TurqTa batonobisagan gaTavi-
suflebuli somxeTis erTi nawili qalaq anisTan erTad saqar-
Tvelos SeuerTa. gaZlierebuli saqarTvelo myudro TavSe-
safari gaxda Turqebisgan awiokebuli somexi vaWar-xelosne-
bisaTvis. TavianTi surviliTa da daviT IV-is brZanebiT saq-
arTveloSi wamoyvanili somxebis erTi nawili gorSic da-asa-
xles.
maTe urhaelis TqmiT: `daviT mefe iyo kaci wminda da sa-
Tno, Semkuli yovelgvari RvTismsaxurebiTa da keTili simar-
TliTa. da igi aRmoCnda mimRebelada da moyvared somxuri
erisa. masTan Seikriba somexTa jaris danarComi. da man aago
qalaqi somexTaTvis qveyanasa saqarTveloisa da daarsa mun
eklesiebi da savaneni mravalni da uwoda saxeli qalaqisa mis
gavara (gora). da miRebul iqna (daviT) didiTa sixaruliTa da
aRtacebiTa yovlisa mier erisa somxiTisasa~1.
moyvanil citataSi, im adgilis saxeli, sadac daviTma
aniseli somxebi Caasaxla, iyo gavra-gora. es saxeli ki ar
gvaZlevs imis uflebas vamtkicoT, rom gora igive goria. s.
makalaTias arasworad miaCnda, rom qarTul istoriagrafiaSi
gaigivda gora da gori. is SesaZleblad Tvlida, rom daviT
1 citirebas vaxden leon meliqseT-begis werilidan `goris daarseba~.

l. WilaSvilis mixedviT meliqseT-begis es werili daibeWda 1920
wels `saxalxo saqmis~ #41-Si. aRniSnul gazeTSi werils ver
mivakvlie. l. melqiseT-begis Svilma leonidem gadmomca am
werilis amonabeWdi, risTvisac madlobas vuxdi. magram ar aris
miTiTebuli periodikis saxelwodeba. mxolod aRniSnulia: #41, 24
Tebervali, 1920 w.
39
aRmaSenebelma anisidan wamoyvanili somxebi gorSi ki ar
daasaxla, aramed qsnis xeobis maRal mTian goraze, romelsac
axalgori ewoda, radgan am dros ukve arsebobda Zveli qalaqi
gori. leningorel (axlandeli axlgori) somxebs Cvens droSic
xsomebiaT, rom isini daviT aRmaSenebels XII saukuneSi
anisidan gadmousaxlebia. mkvlevars dasaSvebad miaCnda, rom
anisel somex xelosanTa da vaWarTa erTi nawili gorSic
daesaxlebina1.
TiTqmis aseve fiqrobda n. berZeniSvili, roca aRniSnavda:
`brZenma mefem sagangebo zomebi miiRo goris gansadideblad.
man aq mravlad daasaxla vaWrebi da erTbaSad gaaZliera
goris mniSvneloba qarTlisaTvis. daviTis droidan gorma
qarTlSi ufliscixis adgili daiWira~2.
qalaqis aRorZinebas xeli Seuwyo im garemoebamac, rom na-
WarmagevSi (dRevandeli sof. karaleTi) iyo daviT mefis re-
zidencia. rezidenciis maxloblad vaWar-xelosanTa yola
samefo karisaTvis yovelmxriv xelsayreli iyo. mefis mier
goris xelaxla gaSeneba imiTac unda yofiliyo nakarnaxevi,
rom qveynis gaerTianebis Sedegad didi mniSvneloba moipova
gorTan gamavalma gzebma.
gaZlierebuli gori im umTavresi qalaqebis (Tbilisi, rus-
Tavi, samSvilde, dmanisi, ateni da sxv.) rigSi Cadga, romlebic
mxars uWerdnen samefo xelisuflebas qveynis gaerTi-
anebisaTvis brZolaSi. swored qalaqebis mxardaWera iyo is um-
Tavresi piroba, romliTac daviT aRmaSenebelma da Semdeg
giorgi III-m SeZles msxvili feodalebis alagmva.
saistorio wyaroebSi gori Cans Tamar mefis cxovrebis erT
epizodTan dakavSirebiT.
saqarTvelodan gandevnilma giorgi rusma konstantinopols
Seafara Tavi (1187-88 w.w.), magram Tamaris mowinaaRmdege
didebulebis SemweobiT, 1191 wels man scada Tavisi ùflebe-
bis~ aRdgena. ìstoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ gvacnobebs,
rom mefis winaaRmdeg amboxebulTa erTi nawili `gardmovides
1 makalaTia s., liaxvis xeoba, Tb., 1971, gv. 96.

2 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, III, Tb., 1966, gv.
289.
40
mTiTa lixisaTa: amwyuedelni da amaoxrebelni qarTlisani mo-
vides naWarmagevamdis da goramdis~1.
amonarididan ar Cans aoxrda Tu ara naWarmagevi da gori.
amave ambavs mcireodeni gansxvavebiT gadmogvcems vaxuSti
batoniSvili: `gardmovidnen, mostyuevnnes naWarmagevi gora-
mde~84. vaxuStis naTqvamis mixedviT, amboxebulebs naWarmagevi
aukliaT, magram gori gadarCenila. Cven ar viciT erTsa da
imave Tu sxvadasxva wyaros emyarebodnen zemomoyvanili ci-
tatebis avtorebi. mxolod SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom ambo-
xebulebma ver SeZles daviT aRmaSeneblis mier gamagrebuli
cixe-qalaqis, goris daufleba.
Tamar mefem sabolood daamarcxa amboxebulni, giorgi ru-
si isev gaasaxles saqarTvelodan. man meoredac scada saqar-
TveloSi dabruneba, magram kvlav damarcxda da samudamod
gadaixvewa.
1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 51.
41
goris Tavgadasavali
gori monRolTa batonobis dros
daviT IV-s da Tamar mefis Zlier saqarTvelos dRegrZelo-

ba ar ewera. Tamaris gardacvalebidan did dros ar gauvlia,
rom Cvens qveyanas Semoesia mrisxane mteri monRol-TaTarTa
saxiT. monRolebma mcire droSi daipyres saqarTvelo da mZime
xarki daakisres (50000 perpera wliurad da jaris micema
monRolTa dapyrobiT omebSi monawileobisaTvis). qarTveli
xalxi ver egueboda monRolTa batonobas da Tavis daxsnas
cdilobda. erT aseT cdas adgili hqonda 1260-1261 wlebSi: `Jam-
TaaRmwerlis~ gveubneba, rom ajanyebis mizezi yofila is, rom
`Seviwroebuli iyo mefe da sabrZanebeli misi arRunis
aRTualvisagan da romeli igi ganewesa, rac ganisyidebodes
tfiliss assa TeTrsa zeda sami TeTri sayaenod daidebodes.
amas zeda xoja-aziz vinme, naTesaviT da sjuliTa sparsi,
ganeCina, da daetova tfiliss, romeli esoden uwesoebad
miiwia, romel Tu samzareulosa mefisasa cxvari, gina kravi
isyidebodis, mas zeda xaraja wauRian, romelsa-igi tamRad
uwoddes~1.
ajanyebas saTaveSi Caudga aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefe,
giorgi IV laSas Ze, daviT VII ulu (1247-1270). ajanyebulTa
mTavari dasayrdeni samcxe iyo. ajanyebis Casaqrobad monRolTa
jari (20000 kaci) movida arRunis meTaurobiT. maT SeuerTda
mefisagan ganmdgari qarTvel didebulTa razmebi. arRuni
Tavisi mTavari ZaliT (iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvleviT, arRuns
unda hyoloda 36000 mxedari) `goris Sindaras dabanakda~.
monRolebi ubrZolvelad daepatronen mTel Sida qarTls.
ajanyebulebma Tavi mouyares mxolod 8000 mebrZols, gamoiares
borjomis xeoba, daamarcxes arRunis mier win gagzavnili
mxedarTa razmi (6000 kaci), romelTagan gadarCenilni mob-
rundnen arRunTan `Sindarasa gorisasa~. ìyo yinuli da
zamTari, viTar wesi ars Tuesa dekembrisasa, _ ambobs
JamTaaRmwereli, _ da ganvides siviwroisagan (qarTvelebi _ e.
m.), winmavalni ixilnes razmi TaTarTa, da wina ganewyues
42
qarTvelnica, da myis zeda mietevnes mesxni da pirvelsa Sekre-
basa aotnes TaTarni da moswyÂdnes mravalni saxelovanni, da
esreT Zlierad brZodes TaTarTa maT mesxni, romel mcire-
dniRa ganernes da Seixuewnes razmsa Sina arRunisasa Sindaras
gorisasa~1.
ajanyebuli mefis spasalarma sargis jayelma, galaRebulma
pirveli warmatebiT, xeobidan gamoiyvana jari da gaSlil
adgilas `Sindaras gorisas~ gaumarTa brZola arRuns. mon-
Rolebma Zvel nacad fands mimarTes: jer zurgi uCvenes
momxvdurT, Semdeg Semobrundnen da sastikad daamarcxes. ga-
darCa TviT sargis jayeli da mebrZolTa mcire nawili.
sainteresoa romeli geografiuli punqti igulisxmeba `Si-
ndaras gorisasa~-Si.
`JamTaRmwerelTan~ vkiTxulobT, rom arRuni mTeli qarT-
lis aklebis Semdeg, jer suramSi dabanakebula, saidanac
gaugzavnia zemoxsenebuli 600 mxedari taSiskarSi. `winamebr-
Zolni mivides taSis-kars da dadges samdinarosa mas zeda,
romeli ars Sola~. TviT arRuni ki ZiriTadi ZalebiT daba-
nakda `Sindaras gorisasa~. albaT, mas surami saimedod ar
miaCnda.
Tavis mxriv sargis jayelsac gaugzavnia 1500 mxedari `ga-
mocdili wyobaTa Sina~, romelTac ar scodniaT arRunis
jaris moaxloebis Sesaxeb da ise gauvliaT axaldabis xidi.
ase aRmoCndnen qarTvelebi monRolTa pirispir, magram, ro-
gorc zemoT iTqva, qarTvelebma gaimarjves. gaqceuli mon-
Rolebi SindaraSi mividnen da arRunis mTavar jars Seu-
erTdnen.
zemodasaxelebuli axaldaba gagebulia, rogorc goris max-
loblad mdebare axaldaba (`qarTveli jari taSiskaris
viwroebidan gamovida da axaldabasTan SeebrZola~)2. `JamTaaRm-
wereli~ ki savsebiT gasagebad migviTiTebs borjomis axal-
dabaze. arc Sindari iyo goris maxloblad3. vaxuSti batoni-
1 iqve, gv. 240.

2 iqve. Sdr. javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, II, Tb., gv. 163-
165. masSi naTqvamia, rom àrRuni dadga samdinarosa mas zeda,
romeli ars Sola~.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, III, Tb., 1979, gv. 571.
43
Svilis mixedviT Sindari iyo suramis aRmosavleTiT. òsiauris
zeiT xaSurs, erTvis suramis-wyals qemertis-wyali, aRmosav-
leTidan. gamodis lixis mTas. am Ãevis SesarTavis dasavliT,
Sindaras dasavliT, ars surami, mcire qalaqi~1. vaxuSti arc iq
asaxelebs q. gors, sadac zemoaRniSnul brZolaze laparakobs.
àotes mesxTa TaTarni, mosrnes da neStni Seixuewnen Sindaras
arRunis spaTa Sina~2. magram arc `JamTaaRmwerelTan~ da arc
vaxuStisTan ar Cans garkveviT Tu ra iyo Sindari: dasaxele-
buli punqti, cixesimagre, mTa, xeoba... ufro savaraudoa, rom
Sindari suramis maxloblad romelime patara mTis (goris)
saxeli iyo da amitom uwodebs `JamTaaRmwereli~ `Sindaras
gorisasa~ (Sindaris gora).
Cvenamde moRweulia ramdenime sabuTi, saidanac irkveva, rom
XVI-XVII saukuneebSi namdvilad arsebobda dasaxelebuli pun-
qti Sindara – Sindari. Sindara, rogorc `fcis wyalzed~
mdebare sofeli, moxseniebulia ioane bagrationis `qarTl-
kaxeTis aRweraSi~3.
amgvarad, 1260 wlis dekemberSi ulu daviTis jarsa da
monRolebs Soris brZola gorTan ar momxdara.
monRolTa droidan mniSvnelovania `goris msxdom osTa~
batonobis periodi. igi daemTxva saqarTveloSi monRolebis
batonobas, ramac kidev ufro gaamZafra qarTveli xalxis
brZola damoukideblobisaTvis.
`JamTaaRmwerelTan~ vkiTxulobT: àmaT JamTa gardmovides
berqas yaenisagan ltolvilni dedakaci sakÂrveli, saxeliT
limaCav. da man moitana Svilni mcireni, naTesaviT axasarfaka-
ianni4, pirmSo farejan da umrwamesi bayaTar, da sxvani Tavadni
1 `goris Sindara~. ix. javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, II, gv.
163, 165.
3 iqve, gv. 218.
4 v. gamrekelis mixedviT, àxasarfakaianni~ kompozitia da osurad _
ganimarteba. àxsar~ (xcar) osurad niSnavs guladobas, qvelobas,
gmirobas da mamakacis sakuTar saxeladac ixmareba... xolo `faka~,
Tu miviCnevT igive `faqa~-ad, osurad niSnavs farTs, gaSlils.
SesaZloa, àxsarafa~ mamakacis osuri saxelis àxsarbegis~
fonetikuri saxesxvaobac iyos, xolo ìanni~ sagvareulo saxelis
44
mravalni, gamovles kari darubandisa da movides mefes winaSe,
da yaenman Seiwynarna friad, da uboZa xaraja, da molaSqred
da TanamebrZolad ganaCinna. da esreT mefesTanave warmoav-
linna, xolo mefeman dasxna romelnime dmanissa, da sxuni
Jinvans~1.
f. gorgijaniZe ambobs: `mefeman zogni qalaqs daasaxla da
zogni dmaniss daayena da zogni Jinoans gagzavna~. r. kiknaZis
azriT, `qalaqSi~ gori unda igulisxmebodes2.
igive cnoba vaxuSti batoniSvils daTariRebuli aqvs 1263
wliT. rogorc movlenaTa Semdgomi msvlelobidan irkveva,
Crdilo kavkasiidan gadmosuli ltolvilni sakmaod mraval-
ricxovanni yofilan. isini jer mefe daviTTan mividnen da,
albaT, Sewevna sTxoves. marTalia, JamTaaRmwereli Zalian
lakonurad gadmoscems ambavs, magram savsebiT gasagebia, rom
daviT mefem osebs uSuamdgomla yaenis winaSe, romelmac maT
arsebobis saSualeba gauCina (`xaraja misca~) da Tavis
molaSqreebad ganawesa. amis Semdeg isini, an maTi warmomadgen-
elni, romlebic yaens eaxlnen, kvlav qarTlSi mobrundnen da
daviTs moutanes uzenaesi gankarguleba. Cven ar viciT yaenis
miTiTebiT Tu sakuTari iniciativiT, man osebi dmanissa da
Jinvans Caasaxla.
did yuradRebas imsaxurebs f. gorgijaniZis erTi cnoba,
romelic ulu daviTis mier imereTis samefodan qarTlze
Tavdasxmis SesaCereblad osTa razmebis gorSi gagzavnas Seex-
eba. `qarTlis mefe, giorgi mefis laSis Svili daberebuli iyo.
da TaTarT laSqrobisagan Sezaralebuli iyo. NnametnavaT
sibaze3 wasvlisas aRar hqonda Rone. miswera zemore xsenebul
(dmanissa da Jinvans mdgom _ e. m.) osTa, Segrovdnen yvelani,
mawarmoebeli qarTuli formantia~. gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss.

mijnis saqarTvelos istoriidan. JamTaaRmwerelis zogierTi
cnobis gagebisaTvis // `mravalTavi~, V, Tb., 1975, gv. 183.
1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 251.
2 kiknaZe r., JamTaaRmwerlis Txzulebis erTi adgilis SevsebisaTvis
// `macne~, istoriis seria, 1971, #4, 122.
3 siba am SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobda SirvanSi, md. CaRanusunis napirze
agebul TavdacviT nagebobaSi monRolebTan erTad qarTvelTa
jaris morigeobas Semodgomidan gazafxulamde.
45
suramelis grigolis saqmiT da misi Svilis begas rCeviT,
misca goris cixe da qalaqi, dauyena win saomraT ieRlursa da
imerelebsa, daicon qarTli~. moTxrobili ambavi moxda 1268-1269
wlebSi1.
sagulisxmoa, rom axalmosaxleni, romlebic imave dros
monRolTa molaSqrenic iyvnen, zedmet tvirTad daawvnen mkv-
idr mosaxleobas, maT xom qarTlSi akrefili gadasaxadebiT
unda erCinaT Tavi. aqedan gamomdinare, daiwyo winaaRmdegoba,
qarTveli didebulebis dapirispireba ara mxolod osebTan,
aramed monRolebTanac. magram am dapirispirebis gamomJRavnebas
garkveuli dro dasWirda. `vidre qarTul da monRolur
xelisuflebaTa umaRles instanciebs Soris Tanxmoba daculi
iyo, saqarTvelos Sidapolitikuri ierarqiis ufro dabal
safexurze mdgomT da maT Soris os feodalebsac TviTneburi
moqmedebisaTvis ar rCebodaT asparezi da maT raime praqti-
kuli rolis Sesruleba saqarTvelos Sinapolitikur cxovre-
baSi ar SeeZloT~2. magram, rodesac 1289 w. monRolebma
sikvdiliT dasajes mefe dimitri II, amis Semdeg qarTlSi
iwyeba politikuri destabilizacia, ramac osebis gaaqtiureba
gamoiwvia. am dros moxda erTi mniSvnelovani ambavic. roca
monRolebs aujanyda berZnuli qalaqi tunRuzalo, axalma
yaenma qeRaTum ajanyebis Casaqrobad dimitri Tavdadebulis
vaJi daviTi (is taxtis kandidatad iTvleboda) da qarTlis
didebulebi ixmo. qeRaTu ajanyebis Casaqrobad wavida 1291 w. 1
seqtembers3. ajanyebuli qalaqis damorCilebas (mematianis
TqmiT, misi aReba qarTvelebs mouxerxebiaT) xuTi Tve daWirda.
rogorc varaudoben, am dros mefe vaxtang II gardacvlili
iyo. daviT dimitris Ze rom saqarTveloSi dabrunda da game-
fda, ukve 1293 weli unda yofiliyo4.
1 kiknaZe r., JamTaaRmwerlis Txzulebis erTi adgilis SevsebisaTvis,

gv. 118-119.
2 gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss. mijnis saqarTvelos istoriidan. JamTaaR-
mwerelis zogierTi cnobis gagebisaTvis, gv. 189
3 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, II, gv. 170.
4 gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss. mijnis saqarTvelos istoriidan.
JamTaaRmwerelis zogierTi cnobis gagebisaTvis, gv. 190
46
maSasadame, osebma isargebles qarTlSi SeiaraRebuli Za-
lis da samefo xelisuflebis ararsebobiT (vaxtang II garda-
icvala, daviT dimitris Ze jer ar gamefebula da Tanac mon-
RolTa laSqarSi imyofeboda) da ìwyes ovsTa oÃrebad, Ãocad,
da rbevad, da tyuenvad qarTlisa, da qalaqi gori wartyuennes
da TÂsad daiWires ovsTa~1. gamodis rom osebma gori xelT ig-
des 1292 w. pirvel TveebSi an gazafxulze2.
zemoT vTqviT, rom centralurma xelisuflebam osebi
gorSi Caasaxla 1263 w. maS ratom ipyroben osebi gors 1292 w.?
unda vifiqroT, rom gorSi Casaxlebuli osebi Tavdapirvelad
daumorCiles qarTlis erisTav grigol suramelsa da mis vaJs
begas (vaxuStisTan _ beqa). swored grigolis rCeviT Caasaxles
isini gorSi. osebi garkveul dromde morCilebdnen xeli-
suflebas, magram, roca xelsayreli viTareba Seiqmna ajanydnen
da gors daepatronen. saeWvod gveCveneba, rom 1270-ian da 1292
wlebs Sua samxedro saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT isini sxva
adgilas gadaiyvanes3.
savaraudoa, rom osebi rogorc politikurad, iseve eko-
nomiurad erisTavze iyvnen damokidebulni. erisTavi aZlevda
maT qarTlidan, konkretulad, goris irgvliv mdebare sof-
lebidan miRebuli Semosavlis nawils monRolTa jarSi sam-
xedro samsaxuris sanacvlod.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom osebi `monRolTa waqezebiT
Tu mxardaWeriT~ ajanydnen4. monRolebi, roca osebi gors
daepatronebodnen, maTi saSualebiT qarTls akontrolebdnen.
monRolebis xelSi osebi rom saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tul iaraRad gadaiqceodnen, kargad esmodaT qarTlis mesve-
urebs.
1292 wlis zafxulSi `Sekrbes~ qarTlis erisTavisa begas
Zesa amadas winaSe yovelni qarTvelni da moadges gorsa. da
mravalgzis Seebnes, da qalaqsa Sina mravali kaci mokuda,

2 gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss. mijnis saqarTvelos istoriidan. JamTaaR-
mwerelis zogierTi cnobis gagebisaTvis, gv. 190
3 Sdr. iqve, gv. 195.
4 iqve, gv. 190.
47
ovsica da qarTvelica, da dawues gori sruliad~1. qalaqi
daiwva, magram ar Cans vin (qarTvelebma Tu osebma) dawva.
vaxuSti batoniSvili, romelic, rogorc Cans, imave JamTa-
aRmwerels eyrdnoba, pirdapir acxadebs: `dawves qarTvelTa
gori~2. d. gvritiSvilis TqmiT ki, osebma gori daarbies, qala-
qi gadawves da cixe daangries. amasve imeoreben i. berZniSvili
da g. TogoSvili3. Cemi mosazrebis gamoTqmamde kvlav JamTaaRm-
werels movusminoT: `viTar misWirda ovsTa, cixidaRman gard-
mouSves sabliT kaci, da waravlines muxrans mdgomTa TaTarTa
Tana, raTa Seewivnen~4. Cans, rom qarTvelTagan Seviwroebul
osebs ukan dauxeviaT da goris cixeSi gamagrebulan. maSa-
sadame, goris cixe rom dangreuliyo, osebi iq Tavs veRar
Seafarebdnen. rac Seexeba qalaqs, igi qarTvelebs ki ara ukan-
daxeul osebs unda gadaewvaT, raTa gamarjvebulebs ara darCe-
nodaT.
goris gaTavisuflebisaTvis brZolam naTeli gaxada pozi-
cia monRolebisa, romlebic `Camodga Sua, Suela qmnes da
zavi~5. JamTaaRmwerlis sityvebi ise unda gavigoT, rom mon-
Rolebi gorSi movidnen da maTi moqmedeba osebisaTvis dax-
mareba ufro iyo, vidre meomar mxarebs Soris Suamavloba.
rogorc Cans, maT aiZules erisTavi osebi kvlav gorSi daeto-
vebina. amasTan erTad uaRresad sayuradReboa JamTaaRmwerelis
erTi fraza _ àmieriTgan Seiqmna mteroba Soris qarTvelTa
da ovsTa~6. monRolebis Carevam winaaRmdegoba ki ar aRmofxvra,
aramed kidev ufro gaamwvava.
osebis mier qarTlSi gorisa da sxva adgilebis dakaveba
seriozul safrTxes uqmnida qarTul miwismflobelobas. osTa
interesebi qarTvel aznaur-didebulTa interesebs daupiris-

3 berZniSvili i., goris cixe, gv. 19; TogoSvili, vaxuSti batoniSvili
oseTisa da osebis Sesaxeb, Tb., 1977, gv. 86.
5 iqve, gv. 296.
6 iqve, gv. 296.
48
pirda1. qarTveli miwismflobeli aznaurebis SeSfoTeba da
maTi ganzraxva _ ganedevnaT osebi qarTlidan, gasagebi iyo
monRolebisaTvis. monRolebma osebs dauWires mxari, rogorc
qarTveli aznaurobis sapirispiro Zalas. amitom SeunarCunes
monRolebma gori osebs. òsni romel sxdes gors~2 monRolTa
mokavSireni gaxdnen da maT saomar operaciebSi monawile-
obdnen, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareT3.
XIII saukunis damlevs imdenad gamwvavda urTierToba daviT
mervesa da monRolebs Soris, rom daviTi mTiuleTSi Seixizna
da ilxanTa winaaRmdeg oqros urdosTan samxedro kavSiris
damyarebas cdilobda4. yazan yaenma ramdenjerme (1298, 1300 ww.),
moaoxra qarTli. JamTaaRmwerelis mixedviT, monRolTa im
jarSi, romelic daviT mefis Sesapyrobad mTiuleTSi gaig-
zavna, mesxTa da qsnis erisTavi SanSes razmebTan erTad iyvnen
òsni romel sxdes gors~5. òsni gors msxdomi~ ukanasknelad
moixsenebian oljaiTu yaenis gilanSi laSqrobisas 1307 w.6.
sruliad naTelia, rom monRolebisagan xelis Sewyoba iyo
mTavari piroba osTa im warmatebisa, rasac maT TavianTi
beladis, bayiTaris meTaurobiT XIII s. dasasrulsa da XIV s.
dasawyisSi miaRwies. JamTaaRmwerlis TqmiT, ùmZvinvaresad
aoÃrebda bayaTar qarTlsa, da mefe daviT win ver aRudgebo-
da~7.
1 TogoSvili g., vaxuSti batoniSvili oseTisa da osebis Sesaxeb, gv.

88-89.
2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, 306
3 iqve, gv. 306, 318.
4 iqve, gv. 302.
5 iqve, gv. 306.
6 iqve, gv. 318
7 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 317. v. gamrekelis gamokvleviT, bayaTari
unda gardacvliliyo 1304-1306 wlebSi, radgan gilanis laSqrobaSi
is aRar moixsenieba. gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss. mijnis saqarTvelos
istoriidan. JamTaaRmwerelis zogierTi cnobis gagebisaTvis, gv.
174. surameli qarTlis erisTavi iyo da q. gori administraciulad
qarTlis saerisTaoSi Sedioda. amitom ibrZodnen suramelebi
osebis winaaRmdeg XIII-XIV saukuneebSi. vrclad ix. saqarTvelos
istoriis narkvevebi, III, gv. 612.
49
osTa moZalebas ebrZodnen `surameli ahmada da rati~,
magram es imdenad seriozuli winaaRmdegoba ar iyo, rom gorSi
mdgomi osebis moqmedeba aelagma. bayaTarma `waruRo gam-
rekelsa, kaxas Zesa, cixe Zamisa~. bayaTaris mier Zamis cixis
aReba unda momxdariyo 1304 w. an cota adre, radgan, rogorc
zemoT vTqvi, misi gardacvaleba navaraudevia 1304-1306 wlebSi.
Zamis cixes udidesi strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda: aqedan
ixsneboda gza samcxisaken. samcxis mTavari beqa ver dauSvebda
osebis yofnas Zamis cixeSi. is didi laSqriT wamovida.
bayaTari cixis gareTYSexvda beqas da moxda òmi ficxeli~.
Zleulma bayaTarma Zamis cixes Seafara Tavi. beqam alya
Semoartya. osebma Sewyaleba iTxoves. JamTaaRmwereli aRara-
fers ambobs imis Sesaxeb, datoves Tu ara osebma Zamis cixe,
magram igulisxmeba, rom es ase moxda. am ambebis Semdeg baya-
Tars didxans aRar ucocxlia.
Zamis cixesTan gancdili marcxis Semdegac `mZalvrdebodnen
ovsni qarTls da daepyraT adgil adgilTa dabnebi da cixeni~1.
osTa xelidan goris daxsna mefe giorgi V brwyinvalis
dros (1318-1346) moxda.
giorgi V-m memkvidreobiT ekonomikurad dasustebuli da
politikurad daSlili qveyana miiRo. samefo xelisuflebis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani RonisZieba osebis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli.
mefem jer osebis mier dakavebuli `cixeni da dabebi~ daibruna,
xolo Semdeg goris gaTavisuflebisaTvis ibrZoda. brZola
xangrZlivi iyo. `Zegli erisTavTas~ mixedviT mefem goris
gaTavisuflebas sami weli moandoma. `maSin moadga (giorgi V _ e.
m.) ovsTa, gors myofTa, da hbrZola sam wel~2. JamTaaRmwerelis
cnobebze dakvirvebiT, goris gaTavisuflebisaTvis brZola
SeiZleba 1317-1320 wlebSi vivaraudoT, xolo vaxuStis mixedviT,
misi gaTavisufleba unda momxdariyo 1320-1326 wlebSi3.
1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 256. ix agreTve, TogoSvili, vaxuSti

batoniSvili oseTisa da osebis Sesaxeb, gv. 89.
2 Zegli erisTavTa. qsnis erisTavTa sagvareulo matiane / teqsti ga-
mosca, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo S. mesxiam // masalebi sa-
qarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis~, Tb., 1954, nakv. 30, gv. 350.
3 ix. gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss. mijnis saqarTvelos istoriidan. JamTa-
aRmwerelis zogierTi cnobis gagebisaTvis, gv. 175-176.
50
is faqti, rom goris alya 3 weli gagrZelda, TavisTavad
migvaniSnebs imaze, Tu rogor Seupovrad cdilobdnen osebi
goris SenarCunebas1. goris gaTavisuflebisaTvis brZolaSi
giorgi mefes sxvebTan erTad exmarebodnen qsnis saerisTavos
laSqari virSelis meTaurobiT da aragvis mTiulni. mematianes
TqmiT, virSelsa da mis jars iseTi simamace gamouCeniaT, rom
sayovelTao qeba daumsaxurebiaT, ris gamo aragvelebi SuriT
aRvsilni, maT brZolaSic ki gamouwveviaT qsnis xeobelni.
virSelsa da mis jars gamowveva miuRiaT. goris aRebis Semdeg
moqiSpeni SeTanxmdnen, rom erTmaneTs lomisis mTasTan
Sebmodnen, magram saqmeSi Caeria ufliswuli daviTi da
moqiSpeni `ganyara yovelni Tavis-Tav~. virSeli gamobrunda
ukan. magram aragvelni daedevnen da xelaxla SesTavazes
brZola. miuxedavad imisa, rom virSels jaris didi nawili
gaSvebuli hyavda mainc Seeba aragvelebs da gaimarjva kidec.
ase uazrod daiRvara ZmaTa sisxli2.
giorgi brwyinvalis mier goris gaTavisuflebas gansaku-
Trebuli mniSvneloba hqonda mTielTa Camosaxlebis SeCerebisa
da saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos aRdgenis saqmeSi.
osTa batonobam seriozuli daRi daasva goris socialur-
ekonomikur ganviTarebas. zemoT ukve iTqva, rom 1292 w. qalaqi
Zlier dazaralda, daiwva. amas emateboda TiTqmis gamudmebuli
brZola gorSi myofi osebis winaaRmdeg da, bolos, osebi
ufro Zarcva-rbeviT iyvnen dainteresebuli, vidre qalaqis
ekonomikuri gaZlierebiT. am mizezebs unda gamoewvia goris
imdenad daknineba, rom igi XIII-XIV saukuneebSi `geRaqalaqs~,
e.i. `sofel-qalaqs~, `daba-qalaqs~ warmoadgenda3.
1 vrclad, TogoSvili g., vaxuSti batoniSvili oseTisa da osebis

Sesaxeb, gv. 90.
2 vrclad, Zegli erisTavTa. qsnis erisTavTa sagvareulo matiane, gv.
350-351; javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, II, gv. 254-256, 261.
3 somxur xelnawerTa XIV-XV saukuneebis anderZebis cnobebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / Zveli somxuridan Targmna, Sesavali, komen-
tarebi da SeniSvnebi daurTo a. abdalaZem, Tb., 1978, gv. 30, 153.
51
gori, Temurlengis Semosevebis dros
iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebi, q. gori, Temur-

lengis Semosevebis Sedegad ganadgurda. magram goris cixe
kvlav inarCunebda Tavis strategiul mniSvnelobas. Temur-
lengis saqarTveloSi meeqvsed laSqrobis droindeli goris
Sesaxeb moRweulia ramdenime saintereso cnoba.
Temurlengi saqarTveloSi meeqvsed SemoiWra 1400 wels. man
saomari moqmedeba qvemo qarTlidan daiwyo da mTeli qarTli
moarbia. mefe giorgi VII (1393-1407) dasavleT saqarTveloSi
gadavida. Temurlengma ver gabeda misi dadevneba, samcxeSi
SeiWra da aiklo, Semdeg isev qarTlSi gadmovida da aragvis
xeoba daarbia. ra Tqma unda, mters verc gori gadaurCa. Tu
rogor moqmedebda Temurlengis laSqari dapyrobil adgileb-
Si, kargad Cans Temuris karis istorikosis moin addin naTa-
nzis monaTxrobidan. Temurma `yarayanluy (aragvis xeobis)
cixemde, xamSas xeobamde, goramde da loremde morbeva rom
ineba... mTel gorjesTansa da armeniaSi (qvemo qarTli anu
somxiTi _ e. m.) erTi dasaxlebuli adgili da mosxmuli yana
rom ar dastova, yvelaferi ise gaanadgura~1.
sainteresoa Temuris Sida qarTlSi laSqrobis droindeli
erTi epizodi, romelic gors exeba:
muxranSi dabanakebulma Temurlengma gailaSqra `janibeS
qarTvelis xeobaSic~. sparsul wyaroSi dasaxelebuli janibegi
mkvlevrebs amilaxvar janibeg zevdginiZed miaCniaT, xolo
janibeg qarTvelis xeobaSi _ saamilaxvro2. mteri moulod-
nelad SeiWra janibegis samflobeloSi TviT Temuris meTa-
urobiT. sastiki winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, janibegi daat-
yveves, misi samflobeloebi aikles, saxlebi daangries, xolo
mosaxleoba amowyvites. igive ambavi àxali qarTlis cxovrebis
meore teqstSi~ gadmocemulia Semdegnairad: `xolo iyo vinme
mTavari da didad warCinebuli qarTlsa Sina saxelaT janibeg.
ama janibegisa mamulsa Caudga lang-Temur da aRaoÃra, dawva
1 tabataZe k., qarTveli xalxis brZola ucxoeli dampyroblebis

winaaRmdeg XIV-XV saukuneebis mijnaze, Tb., 1974, gv. 124.
2 iqve, gv. 132; kacitaZe d., saqarTvelo XIV-XV saukuneTa mijnaze,
Tb., 1975, gv. 145.
52
da daaqcia. maSin mouvida igica da Seurigda, da iyo xansa
raodensame Sina mun. da movles sruliad qarTli da moaoÃres
da dawves, da didad Rone hyofda da wadier iyo Sepyrobad
mefisa giorgisa da ver SeZlo~1.
vaxuSti batoniSvili, rodesac zemoaRwerili ambebis Sesa-
xeb gvamcnobebs, janibegis magier asaxelebs jandiers
(`jandier warCinebuli~), romelic brZolis gareSe, sxvebTan
erTad eaxla Temurs. àramed mun mierTodnen Temurs romel-
nime qarTvelni da jandier warCinebuli~2.
beri egnataSvilis TqmiT, Temuris mier Tbilisis aRebis
Semdeg, zogierTi qarTveli didebuli eaxla mas da morCileba
aRiara3. janibegi ki, rogorc zemoT davinaxeT, ase ar moiqca.
unda vifiqroT, rom igi mefisadmi erTguli darCa.
saamilaxvros aklebis mizezi swored es iyo4.
sparsuli wyaroebi, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, ramdenime
saintereso cnobas gvawvdian saamilaxvroSi Semavali goris
Sesaxeb. isini damatebiT gvacnobeben, rom janibegis samflo-
belos aklebis Semdeg Temuri gorisaken gaeSura. misma mar-
bielma jarma didi nadavli iSova. istorikos nezam ad-din
Samis TqmiT, vidre gors miaRwevda Temuris `laSqarma uricxvi
qoneba iSova davlad, urwmunoTa Senobebi dawves, yanebi
gaanadgures da eklesiebi ki daaqcieso~5. igive istorikosi
goris cixes axasiaTebs, rogorc ùaRresad mkvidrsa da
saguldagulod gamagrebul cixe-simagres~. xolo meore, aseve
Temuris karis istorikosi, Saraf ad-din ali iezdi, goris
cixes SeyvarebulTa ficze ufro mtkiced miiCnevs, am uka-
naskneli istorikosis TqmiT, goris cixe pirveli ieriSis-
Tanave auRiaT da miwasTan gausworebiaT6.
Cvenamde moRweuli zemoaRniSnuli da sxva wyaroebidanac
irkveva, rom Temurlengis qarTlSi SemoWris mizani Seupovari

4
Sdr. tabataZe k., qarTveli xalxis brZola ucxoeli dampyroblebis
winaaRmdeg XIV-XV saukuneebis mijnaze, gv. 133
5
iqve, gv. 133-134.
6
iqve, gv. 134.
53
mefe giorgi VII-is Sepyroba iyo. goris aRebis Semdeg Temuri
goris velze dabanakda da giorgi mefes mdevari daadevna1.
Temurma Tavis sardlebs ubrZana: `romelnica SeipyrobT mefesa
giorgisa da moiyvans Cem Tana, mivaniWeb wyalobasa da sabo-
Zvarsa uricxusa~2. magram ise mokvda dampyrobeli, rom sawa-
dels ver miaRwia.
gori XV s. meore naxevarSi
XV saukunis SuaxanebSi dawyebul feodalur Sina-

brZolebSi garkveuli `wvlili~ Sehqonda zevdginiZeebis gvars,
romlis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli goris mouravi iyo xolme.
goris Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebia daculi XV saukunis 80-ian
wlebSi Sedgenil zevdgin zevdginiZis Svilis avTandilis (Tu
guram) `saCivris wignSi~.
avTandili uCivis Tavis Zmiswuls, amirindo amilaxoris
Svils zaals (zaalis mama, amirindo amilaxori naSvilebi hyav-
da Taya amilaxors, avTandilis biZas), radgan es ukanaskneli
mamulis udides nawils ecileba3.
vaxtang IV (1442-1446), aleqsandre I-is Zem, CvenTvis ucnobi
danaSaulisaTvis daatyveva mefe aleqsandre I-is qvisli, Tavisi
deidis qmari amilaxori. avTandilis mama zevdgini ki mefis
erTguli yofila da goris cixe misTvis SeunarCunebia. av-
Tandili ambobs: `biZaCemi lexTimeriT tyued hyavda (vaxtang
mefes _ e. m.) da mamaCemi gors cixes udga da ara daaklo
(vaxtang mefem _ e. m.) ra misis mkuidris mamulisagan~4.
ras gulisxmobs avTanili zevdginiZe, roca ambobs vaxtang
mefes `mamaCemi gors cixes udga?~
1
kacitaZe d., saqarTvelo XIV-XV saukuneTa mijnaze, gv. 146, 179;
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, III, gv. 697.
2
qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 333.
3
vrclad ix. berZeniSvili n., feodaluri urTierTobidan XV
saukuneSi. dokumentebi kritikuli weriliT, mski, nakv. I, Tb., 1937,
gv. 3-68.
4
iqve, gv. 41.
54
vaxtang IV-is mefobis Sesaxeb Cvenamde cota ram aris moR-
weuli, viciT, rom 1444 w. saqarTvelos, kerZod samcxes,
Semoesia Savbatknian (yarayoiunlu) TurqmanTa laSqari jehan
Sahis meTaurobiT. vaxtang mefem Sekriba didi jari da samcxes
gaeSura. qarTvelebma gaimarjves1. albaT, am dros uerTgula
zevdginiZem vaxtangs: samcxidan SemoWrili mtrisagan gori
daicva. mamis aseTi moqmedeba uflebas aZlevda avTandil
zevdginiZes `darbaiserisTvis~ ganecxadebina: àsre ZuelTagan
namsaxurni varT mefeTani~2.
gareSe mtrebis sistematuri Tavdasxmebi did gavlenas ax-
denda qveynis Semdgom ganviTarebaze, gansakuTrebiT ki saqa-
laqo cxovrebaze, ra Tqma unda, mTel qveyanasTan erTad
zaraldeboda goric. qarTul wyaroebSi ar aisaxa, magram
cnobilia, rom Savbatknianebze gamarjvebis Semdeg TeTrbat-
knianTa (ay-yoiunlus) saxelmwifos mbrZanebelma uzun hasanma,
ramdenjerme, 1458, 1463, 1466, 1472 wlebSi dalaSqra saqarTvelo,
rac Seexeba mis ukanasknel laSqrobas 1477 wels, masze
dawvrilebiT vityvi qvemoT.
gareSe mtrebis Tavdasxmebs Tan axlda saSinao garTulebe-
bic. 1462 wels samcxis aTabagma yvaryvare II-m uzun hasanis
daxmarebiT mefe giorgi VIII daamarcxa, xolo mogvianebiT (1465
w.), Ralatis saSualebiT mefe da batoniSvili konstantine
daatyveva. konstantinem gaqceva moaxerxa. man jer goris cixes
Seafara Tavi, Semdeg quTaisis cixeSi gamagrda. rogorc 1466
wlis wyalobis sigelidan Cans, devnil konstantines didi
daxmareba aRmouCines zaqaria, kaxa da zaza javaxiSvilebma.
`mas Jams odis RmrTisa gareganman yuaryuare patronsa biZasa
Cuensa mefesa giorgis uRalata da Cuensaca Ralatsa da avsa
apirebda, RmerTman moguarCina, wamouvelT da Tquen didi vali
da namsaxuri dagudeviT: goris cixes SemoguyeviT da daguama-
greTYda isre daWirebuls quTaTis cixes SeguidegiT da iqica
didi gumsaxureT~3.
1
qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 282.
2
berZeniSvili n., feodaluri urTierTobidan XV saukuneSi. do-
kumentebi kritikuli weriliT, gv. 41.
3
saqarTvelos siZveleni, II / e. TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT, tf., 1909,
gv. 204; qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 134.
55
batoniSvili konstantine dimitris Ze gamefebas cdilobda
da droebiT warmatebac moipova. man xelT igdo gori da
quTaisi. magram mas uTanxmoeba Camouvarda Tavis Zma daviTTan.
es ukanaskneli ganudga da taxtis meore pretendents imereTis
erisTavs, bagrats miemxro. rodesac bagrati qarTlSi gad-
movida, daviT batoniSvili mis miemxro Tavis `yma~ zevdi-
niZesTan erTad. daviTisagan aseTi nabijis gadadgmaSi, rogorc
irkveva, avTandil zevdginiZes miuZRvoda `Rvawli~. avTandils
daviTisaTvis uTqvams: `Tu Sen bagrat mefis yma ar Seiqmnebi, me
Cemsa mamulsa aravin momcemso~1. ra Tqma unda, avTandil zev-
dginiZe Tavis rols daviTis bagratisadmi mimxrobaSi azvia-
debs. safiqrebelia, rom daviTs konstantinesagan gandgomis
piradi mizezi eqneboda. bagratma gamefebis Semdgom daufasa
zevdginiZes saxelo da didi xnis winaT CamorTmeuli goris
mouravoba daubruna.
zevdginiZem goris mouravoba dakarga 1453-1454 wels, roca
giorgi VIII ebrZoda bagrats. 1454 wels goris mouravia
gabriel javaxiSvili2. zevdginiZe bagrats miemxro. avTandil
zevdginiZem, rogorc Cans, sworad Seafasa viTareba. bagratma
gaimarjva. ase gadaurCa avTandil zevdginiZis mamulebi akle-
bas, rac rogorc misi sityvebidan gamosWvivis, mefe giorgis
momxreebis mamulebma ganicada. avTandilma ki mamulebi ufro
gaifarTova da goris mouravobac daibruna qrTamis micemiT.
avTandili acxadebs: `Tu imas ityuian, Tu: barat mefeman
moguca mamulio, sadamdisi imave Cemgan naSoebis mamulidaRma _
wiwamuridaRma asi koka Ruino ar miveciT, manamdis goris
mouraoba ar guiboZa~3.
zemoT ukve iTqva, rom 1465 w. yvaryvare II aTabegma datay-
veva mefe giorgi VIII. amiT isargebla imereTis erisTavma bag-
ratma (igi Tavis Tavs lixTimereTis mefes uwodebda), gori da
Tbilisi daikava da Tavi gamoacxada `sruliad saqarTvelos
mefed~, tyveobidan dabrunebis Semdeg giorgi mefem bagratis
1 berZeniSvili n., feodaluri urTierTobidan XV saukuneSi.

dokumentebi kritikuli weriliT, gv. 43.
2 n. berZeniSvilis mixedviT, gabrieli nacvlad unda iyos gamrekeli.
iqve, gv. 67.
3 iqve, gv. 43.
56
gandevna ver SeZlo. amitom is kaxeTSi gadavida da calke
samefod gamoacxada (1466 w.).
sagareo da saSinao uaryofiTi faqtorebi gavlenas axdenda
gorze. albaT amitom iyo, rom 1469 wlis erT-erT cnobaSi
gori daba-qalaqad iwodeba1.
1477 w. ay-yoiunlus mbrZanebelma uzun hasanma saqarT-
veloze gamoilaSqra da imJamad osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZo-
laSi dasustebul Tavis yofil mokavSire saqarTvelos didi
ziani miayena. uzun hasanis aseTi moqmedebis motivi dResac
sabolood ar aris garkveuli2.
uzun hasanis laSqris saqarTveloSi Semosevis Sesaxeb
qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebi uaRresad Zunwia da arc zus-
tad aris daTariRebuli. `Zilispiri ikorTisa~ gvacnobs: `qo-
ronikonsa rÁd. aqa uzun-hasan saqarTvelo amoswyÂda~3. vaxuSti
batoniSvilis TqmiT, 1478 wels `movida uzun-asan yeeni, amisman
mcnobman bagrat mefeman arRara ineba brZola uzun-asan
yeenisa, vinaiTgan konstantine mefeca movida mis Tana da misca
cixe tfilisi, ukumoiqca da movida raWas~4. dampyroblebma
xelT igdes xerki, saguramo, martyofi da TianeTi5.
àxali qarTlis cxovrebis~ pirveli teqsti mogviTxrobs
uzun hasanis saqarTveloSi Semosevaze, magram TariRis gareSe:
`Seiyara yaeni uzun asan, movida somxeTs, da mefe lixT iqiT
iyo, qarTvelni Tan iaxlnen. moadges baraTianTa da or-
belianTa Zirsa. didad kargad daxudes baraTianni. damagrdnen
da vera uyves ra. movides tfilissa da aRiRes. da TviT yaeni
muxrans dadga. aRivso qarTli laSqriTa, moaoÃres sruliad
qarTlisa adgili. iÃmna yaenman baraTianni, miindvna, naxna da
Seiwyalna, moscna mravalni da aRavsna pirTamdin. amas zedan
1 somxur xelnawerTa XIV-XV saukuneebis anderZebis cnobebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, 83. Sdr. iqve, gv. 57.
2 vrclad: mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da
diplomatia, I (XV-XVI ss.), Tb., 2009, gv. 89-94.
3 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa,
Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias
mier, 1213 wlidan 1700 wlamde, II, tf., 1897, gv. 365.
5 iqve, gv. 568.
57
RmerTman ipriana, iwyina amowyueta saqristianosa, Seedva yaensa
seni sasikudene, aiyara da warvida~1. Semdeg moTxrobilia
konstantines wasvla uzun hasanis karze, baraTaSvilebis Tan
xleba da uzun hasanis sikvdilis ambavi. àxali qarTlis
cxovrebis~ mesame teqstSi TurqmanTa Semoseva 1456 wliT aris
daTariRebuli, magram masSi 1477 wlis ambebia gadmocemuli.
zemoT moyvanil cnobebSi gori saerTod ar aris naxsenebi,
magram uzun hasanma rom goric aiklo, amaSi qvemoT davr-
wmundiT.
uzun hasanis 1477 w. saqarTveloSi laSqrobaze mniSvnelo-
vani cnobebi dagvitoves venecielma diplomat-mogzaurebma
josafat barbarom da jovani maria anjolelom, romlebic am
saintereso ambis Tanamedroveni iyvnen. josafat barbaro uzun
hasans am laSqrobaSi Tan axlda. Tumca arc isini iZlevian
saSualebas dawvrilebiT mivyveT laSqrobis gavrcelebis
areals. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT monaTxrobs qarTuli masalebis
monacemebs mivaSvelebT, maSin suraTi TiTqmis naTeli gaxdeba.
laSqrobis dawyebis win, rogorc barbaro gadmogvcems,
uzun hasanma brZana xma gaevrcelebinaT, TiTqos is osmaleTis
winaaRmdeg saomrad wasvlas apirebda. roca barbaro laSqris
samzadiss daakvirdaa, gavrcelebuli xma saeWvod miiCnia. misive
TqmiT, uzun hasanis laSqari 20-24 aTasamde cxenosnisa da 4-5
aTasamde qveiTisagan Sedgeboda2. anjolelos mixedviT, uzun
hasans TerTmeti aTasi qveiTi hyavda3. sxva cnobiT TurqmanTa
laSqari 100 aTasi mebrZolisagan Sedgeboda4, rac gadaWarbe-
buli unda iyos.
barbaro ambobs: `saqarTvelos SigniT ori dRis siarulis
Semdeg mivediT TbilisSi. ara mxolod (Tbilisi), aramed
iqidan moyolebuli, mTeli es mxare mitovebuli iyo da
winaaRmdegobis gareSe daveufleT. Semdeg wavediT ufro zeviT
gorisaken da sxva irgvliv mdebare adgilebisaken. yvela isini

2 XV saukunis italielebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 61.
3 iqve, gv. 78.
4 somxur xelnawerTa XIV-XV saukuneebis anderZebis cnobebi saqarT-
velos Sesaxeb, gv. 86.
58
gaZarculi iqna. aseve moepyro (uzun hasani) qveynis udides
nawils~1.
uzun hasanis ganzraxva saqarTveloSi moulodnelad Se-
moWra iyo, raTa qarTvelebs momzadeba ver moeswroT. uzun
hasanma mizans miaRwia, igi winaaRmdegobis gareSe daeufla
qarTlis umniSvnelovanes qalaqebs _ Tbilissa da gors.
vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, Turqmanebi jer somxeTs
Seesivnen, xolo Semdeg `qarTlis somxiTSi~ gadavvidnen.
orbeTTan maT mefe konstantine II2 daxvda da didi wina-
aRmdegoba gauwia. uzun hasanma, roca konstantines swrafad
damarcxeba ver SeZlo, mas Tavi mianeba da Tbilisisaken wavida.
konstantine mosvenebas ar aZlevda `marbielTa yeenisaTa~,
amitom uzun hasanma masTan morigeba arCia. imave dros man kon-
stantines qarTlis mefe bagratTan dapirispireba ganizraxa.
`maSin yeeni ezraxa konstantine mefesa, _ wers vaxuSti, _ raTa
mivides masTan da mianiWos yoveli qveyana misi da daicvas
uvneblad~3. konstantine daTanxmda da masTan gamocxadda. uzun
hasanma didi pativiT miiRo da Tbilisic mas Caabara. am
RonisZiebiT uzun hasanma bagrat mefes TbilisSi dabrunebis
saSualeba mouspo. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, uzun hasani
bolomde arc konstantines endo da Tbilisis cixeSi Tavisi
garnizoni Caayena, TviTon muxranSi dabanakda da iqidan
agzavnida Tavis razmebs qarTlisa da kaxeTis sxvadasxva
kuTxebis dasarbevad4.
bagrat mefes goris dacva amirindo amilaxorisaTvis
ubrZanebia _ `gors Semidego~, magram mis mowinaaRmdege missave
Zmebs avTandilsa da sulmamas mouxerxebiaT, rom cixeSi
sulmama `SeeyenebinaT~. uzun hasanma goris cixe aiRo da sul-

2 iv. javaxiSvili didad eWvobda, rom 1477 wels konstantine mjda-
riyo qarTlis samefo taxtze. ix. misi qarTveli eris istoria, IV,
Tb., 1967, gv. 125.
4 iqve, gv. 385.
59
mama daatyveva. sulmama SemdegSi misma Zmebma gaaTavisufles
didi gamosasyidiT1.
gorsa da mis midamoebSi datrialebuli ubedureba gad-
mocemulia anonimi Tanamedrovis somxur `sagalobelSi~.
`...aiRes tfilisi, dabanakdnen iq,
daimorCiles, qalaqs vinc darCa,
Seqmnes mxedarTa erTi razmi
da gagzavnes saomrad gorSi.
movidnen iq da cixe aiRes
xmliT amowyvites mamakacebi,
tyved waiyvanes iqaurebi,
samasi bavSvi da dedakaci.
Semdeg miadgnen tyes,
TxuTmet dRes eZebdnen xalxs,
Seipyres yvela maTgani,
borkilgayrili wamoiyvanes.
mamakacebi xmliT amowyvites,
moxuci qalebic miayoles maT,
xucesni dakles, aiRes
sisxli da Sesves igi.
vis SeuZlia amis moTxroba _
anda aRnusxva mkvdrebis,
mosmena maTi gminvis
sisxliT rom iyvnen mosvrilni...~2.
mefe bagratma ver SeZlo Turqmanebisadmi winaaRmdegobis
organizeba da raWas Seafara Tavi3.
mtris mier qarTlis dakavebis Semdeg mefe bagratma,
samcxis aTabagma yvaryvarem4 da sxva Svidma didebulma5 mo-
laparakeba gamarTes uzun hasanTan zavis dadebis Sesaxeb. uzun
hasanma 16 aTasi dukati moiTxova, samagierod, Tbilisis
1 berZeniSvili n., feodaluri urTierTobidan XV saukuneSi. doku-

mentebi kritikuli weriliT, gv. 44.
2 somxur xelnawerTa XIV-XV saukuneebis anderZebis cnobebi saqarT-
velos Sesaxeb, gv. 87.
5 iqve, gv. 78.
60
gamoklebiT, qarTlze uari ganacxada1. barbaros TqmiT: `batoni
uzun hasani SeuTanxmda saqarTvelos mefe bagrats da
yvaryvares, romelic am mefes emezobleba, rom misTvis miecaT
16 aTasi dukati da, Tbilisis garda, mTel qveyanas dautovebda
maT. mefe bagratma da yvaryvarem, undodaT ra am fulis
gadaxda, gamogzavnes oTxi balasi2, romlebic rigianebi iyo,
(marTalia) arc ise didebi da ise lamazebi, magram iseTive
xarisxiani, rogorc isini, romlebsac veneciaSi, san markos
sakurTxevelze uCveneben, roca baton uzus hasans miutanes is
oTxi balasi, man gamomigzavna (kaci), raTa maT sanaxavad
(wavsuliyavi) da Semefasebina. vidre xsenebul mbrZanebelTan
wavidodi, mefe bagratis da yvaryvares elCebma, romlebmac
balasebi Camoitanes, SemomiTvales, rom me kargad Semefasebina
balasebi, radgan (qarTvelebi CemsaviT) qristianebi iyvnen.
mivedi Tu ara mbrZanebelTan (man maSinve) momca is balasebi. me
guldasmiT davaTvaliere erTi (balasi). batonma uzun hasanma
mkiTxa, ramdeni eRireba? me vupasuxe: `batono, es Rirs 4000
dukati~. man gaicina da Tqva: `Sens qveyanaSi Zalian Zviri Rire-
bula. ar minda balasebi, fuli minda~3.
mefe bagrati iZulebuli gaxda fuliT gadaexada xarki. mas
gadasaxadi Tanxa feodalebisaTvis Seuweria. bagrat mefe ise
gardaicvala, rom xarkis gadaxda ver moaswro. bagratis
Semdeg gamefda konstantine II (1478-1505). uzun hasanma zemoa-
RniSnuli Tanxis gadaxda axla mas mosTxova. goris mouravs
avTandil zevdgeniZes, konstantines moTxovniT, 2100 Tanga4 gau-
Ria xarkis dafarvis angariSze. `CemTa ÃrmliTa naSovni, _
ambobs avTandili, _ me gamoviRe xuTasi Tanga erTxel, rvaasi
1 iqve, gv. 61. ix. agreTve, javaxisvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV,
gv. 118-122; kiknaZe r., saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobis istoriidan
XV s. meore naxevarSi // iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis
institutis Sromebi, IV, Tb., 1964, gv. 119-122.
2 balasi, badaxSi anu Zvirfasi lalis qva. ix. kiknaZe r., saqarTve
lo-iranis urTierTobis istoriidan XV s. meore naxevarSi, gv. 119-

122.
3
XV saukunis italielebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 62.
4
XV saukunis dasawyisSi Temurlengis mier SemoRebuli vercxlis
moneta iwonida 6,2 gr.
61
erTxel da cxraasi erTxel. amis mowme TuiT batoni mefe
(konstantine _ e.m.) aris~1.
barbaros Semdegi cnobebidan irkveva, rom roca qarTvel
mefe-mTavrebma 16 aTasi dukati gadaiuxades da Turqmanebma 4-5
aTasi tyvec xelT igdes, uzun hasanma amis Semdeg imereTi
daarbia2. barbaro, rogorc mowme, gadmogvcems, rom Turqmanebma
quTaisi aikles. Semdeg gamobrundne ukan, movidnenskandaSi,
saidanac gorSi gadmovidnen. goridan mokle gziT mTebze iares
da sami dRis Semdeg loreSi, e.i. uzun hasanis samflobeloSi
mividnen3.
iTqva, rom uzun hasanma bagrat mefesTan molaparakebis
Semdeg piroba dasdo, xarkis aRebis Semdeg gaiyvanda jars da
mxolod Tbiliss SeinarCunebda. rogorc Cans, bagrat mefis
gardacvalebis Semdeg, uzun hasanma koreqtivi Seitana am
sakiTxSi. isic iTqva, rom konstantinem gadauxada uzun hasans
16 aTasi dukati. albaT amitom man konstantines `miaTuala
tfilis mcveliTurT~4. xolo roca mefem gaigo uzun hasanis
sikvdili, TbilisSi datovili Turqmani mcvelebic gauSva da
TviTon daepatrona qalaqs. sainteresoa, rom qarTlis cixeebSi
da gorSic, kvlav Turqmanebi idgnen. 1479 wels `Semoikribna
spani konstantine mefeman da daipyra qarTli... aRiRo gori da
yovelni sxuani cixeni~5. vaxuSti Tavis `qronologiur cxri-
lSi~ konstantines mier Tbilisis, goris da qarTlis gaTavi-
suflebas erTi da imave wliT (1479) aTariRebs6. albaT, am
dros konstantinem daayena goris mecixovneebad valademuri-
Svilebi, kerZod, valademuriSvili ferozi, razec miuTiTebs
mefis erT-erTi uTariRo sigeli7. valademuri moxseniebulia
giorgi VIII-is 1451 wlis sigelSic8.
1
2
gansxvavebuli mosazreba ix. javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris isto-
ria, IV, gv. 110.
3
4
qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 385.
5
iqve, gv. 385.
6
iqve, gv. 897.
7
saqarTvelos xelnawrTa erovnuli muzeumi, Sd, #480.
8
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 130-131, # 45.
62
XV-XVI saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelos feodaluri saxel-
mwifo daiSala. saqarTvelos saerTo mdgomareoba kidev ufro
garTulda maSin, roca igi ori Zlieri saxelmwifos _ osma-
leTisa da yizilbaSuri iranis mezoblobaSi aRmoCnda.
gareSe mtris saqarTveloSi SemoWras da mis aoxrebas xSi-
rad TviT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba uwyo-
bda xels. mefe-mTavrebi TiTqmis gamudmebiT ebrZodnen erTma-
neTs da, zogjer, roca erT-erT maTgans gauWirdeboda, Zlieri
muslimani mezoblis gamoyenebas ar erideboda.
gori XVI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
1505 w. gardaicvala qarTlis mefe konstantine da taxtze

avida misi ufrosi vaJi daviT X (1505-1525), romelic vaxuSti
batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT ìyo lmobieri, brZola-SlilobaTa
da SfoTTa moZule da moyuare mSvidobisa~1. amiT isargebla
imereTis mefe aleqsandre II-m (1478-1510), gadmovida qarTlSi da
gors moadga. daviT mefem brZolas Tavi aarida2 da (1508 w.)
àqa aleqsandre mefeman gori daiWira~3. vaxuStis mixedviT
aleqsandnre II-m 1509 w. àRiRo gori da daipyra TÂT~4. axali
qarTlis cxovrebis mesame teqsti ki gvebneba: `qoronikons
rez: aiRo gori aleqsandre, Zeman bagratisaman, Tuesa agvis-
tosa v~5, e.i. 6 agvisto. `1509 qa qks rJz aleqsandrem Zeman
bagratisaman aiRo gori~6.
amgvarad, aleqsandre II-is mier goris aRebis ori TariRi
(1508, 1509) gvaqvs. aqedan romelia zusti? Cvenamde moRweul ram-
denime wyaroSi goris aRebasTan erTad naTqvamia, rom imave

2 iqve, gv. 392.
3 qronikebi (kinklosebis istoriuli minawerebi) / teqsti gamosca,
Sesavali werili da komentarebi daurTo j. odiSelma, Tb., 1968,
gv. 37.
4 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 392, 809.
5 qarTlis cxovreba II, gv. 487.
6 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi XVI-XIX ss. teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada, gamokvlevebi, SeniSvnebi da ganmartebebi daurTo avT.
ioselianma, Tb., 1980, gv. 340.
63
dros dasavleT saqarTvelos Seesien Turqebi da gelaTi da
quTaisi gadawves. magram aris wyaroebi, romlebSic mxolod
TurqTagan dasavleT saqarTvelos aklebazea laparaki da gori
araa naxsenebi. isini daTariRebulia 1510 an 1512 wlebiT1. iv.
javaxiSvili varaudobda, rom upiratesoba TurqTagan gela-
Tisa da quTaisis aRebis sakiTxis Seswavlisas unda mieniWos
im wyaroebs, romlebic 1509 an 1510 wels ganekuTvneba. mecnierma
Semdeg dazusta TariRi da aRniSna, rom swori unda iyos 1510
welio2. iv. javaxiSvilis es ukanaskneli varaudi (TurqeTis
mier gelaTisa da quTaisis akleba 1510 wels) SemdegSi
dadasturda3.
gorSi yofnisas aleqsandre mefisaTvis ucnobebiaT Tur-
qebis mier imereTis darbeva da is iZulebuli gaxda Tavis
samefosTvis miexeda. amiT isargeblad qarTlis mefe daviTma
gori daibruna `da ganamtkica umagresad~4.
zemomoyvanil wyaroebze da gamokvlevebze dayrdnobiT, Se-
iZeba vTqvaT, rom aleqsandre imerTa mefem gori daipyro 1510
wels. daviT mefem igi daibruna imave wels. magram samefo-
samTavroebSi mimdinare feodaluri brZolebi xelsayrel piro-
bebs uqmnida iransa da osmaleTs saqarTvelos saSinao saqme-
ebSi Careuliyvnen. am movlenebis miRma ar rCeboda qarTlis
samefo da, ra Tqma unda, goric.
XVI saukunis 10-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi samcxeSi
erTmaneTs ebrZodnen axlad gaaTabagebuli yvaryvare III da
yvaryvare II-is memkvidre manuCari. Tavdapirvelad metoqeebma
sxvebis Carevis gareSe scades urTierT angariSis gasworeba.
pirvelive brZolaSi yvaryvare III damarcxda, iranSi gaiqca, Sah
ismail I-s TavrizSi eaxla da manuCaris winaaRmdeg damxareba
sTxova. Sahma aTabagobis maZiebeli yvaryvares daxmareba
xelsayrelad CaTvala samcxe-saaTabagoSi yizilbaSTa pozici-
ebis gansamtkiceblad. yizilbaSTa jari samcxeSi Sevida da
manuCari gandevna. manuCarma 1516 w. osmaleTs Seafara Tavi da
1 vrclad ix. javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, gv. 209-212.
2 iqve; mcire qronikebi, gv. 103, Sen. 18.
3 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan, XVI-
XVII ss., Tb., 1971, gv. 44.
64
sulTan selim I-s sruli morCileba aRuTqva im pirobiT, Tu
samcxe-saaTabagos dapyrobaSi daexmareboda. 1518 wels manuCari
osmalTa jariT Sevida samcxeSi, magram yvaryvare III-m Sahis
daxmarebiT igi daamarcxa1.
hasan rumlus mixedviT, imave 1518 w. yvaryvare kvlav Sahs
eaxla da daxmareba sTxova. Sahma mas saqarTvelos saqmeebSi
Caxeduli divsulTani gamoayola, romelmac qarTlis umTav-
resi strategiuli punqtebi _ gori da surami _ daipyro2. Zne-
lia am cnobidan raime konkretulis garkveva, kerZod, riTYiyo
gamowveuli yvaryvares SahTan misvla da yizilbaSebze dayrd-
nobiT qarTlis akleba. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom qarTl-
kaxeTis mefe daviT X cdilobda samcxe-saaTabagoze Tavis gav-
lenis gavrcelebas da iq mimdinare dinastiur brZolaSi
Caeria. is, albaT, manuCars uWerda mxars da, erTi piroba,
rogorc hasan rumlus sityvebidan Cans, yvaryvare kidec
gaudevniaT. yvaryvare Sahs eaxla, romlis jariT kvlav
aRidgina xelisufleba.
yvaryvare III-is Ralatsa da yizilbaSebis qarTlSi Se Wras
is gansakuTrebuli Sedegi mohyva, rom gaerTianebuli qarTl-
kaxeTis samefo kvlav gaiTiSa.
kaxeTis SemoerTebis ukanaskneli cdisas (1520) gancdili
marcxis Semdeg daviT mefe gorSi imyofeboda, roca `moarTues
ambavi spaTa mosvlisa fersaTidam, rameTu gamovlo gurielman
mamiam mweobiTa aTabagisaTa mTa Rado, raTa Semwe eyos levans
daviT mefesa zeda zaviTa, an brZoliTa~3. daviTma moxisTan
brZolaSi marcxi ganicada da sabolood scno levani kaxeTis
mefed.
daviT X-is mefobis bolo periodSi samefo saxlic ki
Sinaurma brZolam moicva. 1524 w. daviT mefe taxtidan gadadga
Tavis Zmis giorgis (giorgi IX, 1525-1527) sasargeblod da berad
Sedga damianes saxeliT. am faqtTan dakavSirebiTY daviTma
1 vrclad, mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da

diplomatia, I (XV-XVI ss.), gv. 128-130.
2 hasan-rumlus cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. sparsuli teqsti
TargmaniTa da SesavliT gamosca v. fuTuriZem. SeniSvnebi daurTo
r. kiknaZem, Tb., 1966, gv. 21.
65
(damiane) sveticxovels Sewira sof. moxisi da gors jambe-
gaSvili. àsre rom weliwadSigan goruliT litriTa oTxasiT
mutyuliTa, ocdaoTxsa litrasa zeTsa da cxrasa litrasa
cvilsa moitandes. mcxeTasa Cvensa (daviTis – e.i.) samarxsa
ekudarsa miitandes kidev gors molare da namsaxuri Cueni da
mkuidri vefxuaSvili xeCatura, asre, rome miveciT diRmelauri
mamuli da venaÃi da davdevdiT goruliT litriT: xuTi litra
zeTi~1.
arc giorgi IX-m imefa didxans. isic bevrad aRikveca. mis
Semdeg taxti daikava misma ZmisSvilma luarsab I-ma (1527-1556),
romelmac Tavis ZiriTad rezidenciad gori gadaaqcia. Tbilisi
am dros yizilbaSebs ekavaT2.
1524 w. gardaicvala Sahi ismail I da gamefda misi 11 wlis
vaJi Sah Tamaz I (1524-1576). Sahis mcirewlovnebiT isargebles
yizilbaSTa amirebma da Sinafeodaluri omi gaaCaRes. yizilba-
Sebis Tavdasxmebi Sewyda XVI saukunis 40-iani wlebis dasaw-
yisamde. aqedan moyolebuli ki irani da osmaleTi erTmaneTs
ejibreboda, vin ufro mets waglejda saqarTvelos. xangr-
Zlivma omma moqanca orive mtacebeli. Sah Tamazma zavi Ses-
Tavaza sulTans, magram, vidre sazavo molaparakeba daiwye-
boda, manamade Sahma Tavisi poziciebis ganmtkicebis mizniT,
1554 wlis zafxulSi meoTxed dalaSqra saqarTvelo. èlCebi
rom gavistumreT (osmaleTSi _ e. m.) _ ambobs Sah Tamazi, _
TviTon luarsabis (luarsab I _ e. m.) saqarTveloze gavilaS-
qreT, iqaur cixeTa umetesoba aviReT, ocdaaTi aTasi tyve
wavasxiT~3.
Sah Tamazis mier dapyrobil `cixeTa umetesobaSi~ goric
igulisxmeboda. farsadan gorgijaniZis gadmocemiT Sah Tamazma
sabaraTiano daikava, iqidan qarTlSi gadavida da `gors
dadga~4. beri egnataSvilis TxzulebaSi es ambebi 1556 wliT
1 kakabaZe s., istoriuli sabuTebi II, tf., 1913, gv. 33.

2 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 116.
3 Sah Tamazis saubari osmaleTis elCebTan / sparsuli teqsti gamo-
sacemad moamzada, Targmna, SeniSvnebi da winasityvaoba daurTo k.
tabataZem, Tb., 1976, gv. 53
4 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, s. kakabaZis gamocema, saistorio
moambe, nakv. II, 1925, gv. 215-216.
66
aris daTariRebuli. yizilbaSebma daipyres gori da misi cixe,
wedisis veris cixe (sof. gardatenSi) da mis irgvliv
arsebuli sxva mcire cixeni, Semdeg ki atenis cixes miadgnen.
am ukanasknelSi iyvnen `deda luarsabisa da mravalni TavadTa
jalabni da Tavadni iyvnen da amisTÂs uwyo brZola Zlierad.
da xansa raodensame Sina aRiRo da tyue-yo deda luarsabisa
da mravalni TavadTa jalabni da mravali sxva yovelnive tyue
yvna da warvida~1.
yizilbaSebis mier atenis xeobis aklebis Semdeg Sahi gori-
dan yarabaRSi wavida2. luarsabma scada tyveebi daexsna, magram
amaod. Sah Tamazma erevans miiyvana tyve dedofali, sadac man
sawamlavi Sesva da Tavi moikla3.
svimon I-is brZola goris

gaTavisuflebisaTvis
luarsab mefe gorSi dabrunda da Zalebis mokrebas Seudga.

gorSi iyridnen Tavs misi TanamebrZolebi da mcire xnis Semdeg
man kvlav Seutia yizilbaSebs4, magram 1556 w. garisTan
brZolaSi daiRupa. qarTlis taxti daikava misma vaJma svimon I-
ma (1556-1569, 1578-1600). man mZime memkvidreoba miiRo. amitom mefis
rezidencia, iseve rogorc luarsab I-is dros, gorSi iyo.
àxali qarTlis cxovrebis~ mesame teqstis mixedviT `maSin
wariyvanes svimon da akurTxes mefed mcxeTas, da mcxeTiT gors
movida~5. gori rom samefo rezidencia iyo, amas ambobs f.
gorgijaniZe: `gors mividnen da yvelgniT iq movides, xelmwi-
febis wesiT igloves~ (luarsab mefis gardacvaleba _ e. m.)6.
1 qarTlis cxovreba II, gv. 365; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 404-405;
farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 215.
2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 216.
3 qarTlis cxovreba II, gv. 507; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 405.
4 isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / sparsuli teqsti
qarTuli TargmaniTa da SesavliTurT gamosca v. fuTuriZem, Tf.,
1969, gv. 66.
5 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 510; saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV,
gv. 116.
6 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 217
67
isqander munSis da farsadan gorgijaniZis mixedviT, svimon
mefe 4-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi gorSi imyofeboda da yizilbaSebis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad Zalebs ikrebda. hasan rumlus erTi
cnobidan ki irkveva, rom svimons gamefebisTanave ganmaTavi-
suflebeli omi dauwyia. hasan rumlus TqmiT, 1557 w. yizil-
baSTa laSqari SemoiWra qarTlSi da sxvadasxva punqtebTan
erTad goric daarbia. mtris simravlisa Tu moulodneli Tav-
dasxmis gamo, svimon mefem mTebs Seafara Tavi. `Raziebma goris,
suramisa da sabaraTianos velaieTi daarbies, soflebi da
mxareebi aaoxres, yanebi da xeebi mwife xiliT Zirianad amog-
lijes (miwidan) da gamarjvebulni uamravi nadavliT ganjaSi
dabrundnen~1.
svimon I-s gamefebisTanave dauwyia yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg
moqmedeba. amis gamo rom unda SemoWriliyvnen isini qarTlSi,
dasturdeba 1557 wlis dekembris dasawyisiT daTariRebuli
erT-erTi italiuri wyaroTi2.
yizilbaSebis TareSi qarTlSi imiT iyo gaadvilebuli, rom
maT epyraT Tbilisi. amiTic iyo ganpirobebuli svimon mefis
mcdeloba, gaeTavsuflebina sataxto qalaqi. ramdenime waru-
matebeli cdis Semdeg gasagebi gaxda, rom seriozuli momza-
debis gareSe am miznis miRweva SeuZlebeli iyo. marTlac isqan-
der munSisa da hasan rumlus monacemebiT, svimon mefes mrava-
li damxmare miuvida3. kaxeTis mefe levanma, svimonis simamrma,
kaxTa razmi gagzavna Tavisi ufrosi vaJis giorgis meTaurobiT.
sparsi istorikosi isqander munSi, rogorc Cans, cdilobda
gaerkvia giorgi ufliswuli `mamis nebarTviT Tu TviTneburad~
wavida svimon mefis dasaxmareblad, magram ver SeZlo.
isqander munSi svimon mefes yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg brZo-
lis dawyebis gamo kicxavda da misi mamis, luarsab I-is Seupo-
vari politikis gamagrZelebdad miaCnda. sparseli istorikisi
1 hasan-rumlus cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / sparsuli teqsti Tar-

gmaniTa da SesavliT gamosca v. fuTuriZem. SeniSvnebi daurTo r.
kiknaZem, Tb., 1966, gv. 35.
2 Tardy L. Rapports diplomatiques sur la Gèorgie entres les annèe 1550 et 1570 // Bedi
Kartlisa, v. 24, Paris, 1976, p. 104.
3 isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 23; hasan rumlus
cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 36
68
wers: svimoni `mamis wesisamebr, urCobisa da winaaRmdegobis
gzas daadga da cxraas samocda rva (1560/1561) wels Tbilisis
dasapyrobad Tavisi samyofeli adgilidan (gori) daiZra~1.
rogorc cnobilia, qarTvelTa brZola Tbilisis gaTavisu-
flebisaTvis marcxiT damTavrda. 1561 wlis 6 aprils muxaT-
gverdTan brZolaSi mraval qarTvelTan erTad daiRupa kaxeTis
ufliswuli giorgi. damarcxebuli svimon mefe `goris gziT
wavida~ da `Tavisi laSqriT gors mivida... asreve gors nestan-
darejan dedofals sayuarelis Zmis giorgi batoniSvilis mok-
vla gaumJRavnes. da saqarTvelos jari movida, itires, iglo-
ves...~2.
yizilbaSebTan gancdili marcxis Semdeg svimons ganudga
misi Zma daviTi (SemdegSi dauT-xani), gamahmadianda da taxtis
dapatroneba isurva. Sahma daviTs gadasca Tbilisi da yizil-
baSebis xelSi arsebuli saqarTvelos zogierTi sxva adgi-
lebi3. amgvarad, qarTlSi ormefoba damyarda: svimoni gorSi
ijda, daviTi _ TbilisSi. svimoni ar urigdeboda Seqmnil
mdgomareobas da ebrZoda dauT-xansa da yizilbaSebs. 1569 wels
svimon mefe yizilbaSTa tyveobaSi aRmoCnda mTeli aTi wliT
(1569-1578). yizilbaSTa SewevniT dauT-xani qarTlis gamgebeli
gaxda.
1578 w. daiwyo iran-osmaleTis meore omi (1578-1590). os-
malebs mTeli amierkavkasiis dapyroba surdaT. qarTli ga-
daiqca omis mTavar asparezad. osmalebma daipyres qarTli da
Tbilisi safaSod, xolo gori sanjayad, e.i. sadroSod, anu
samxedro-administraciul erTeulad gadaaqcies4.
omis dasawyisidanve Sahis karze gasagebi gaxda, rom
dauTxans ar Seswevda unari osmalebisaTvis winaaRmdegoba
gaewia. amitom Sahma muhamed xudabandam qarTlis taxtze svimon
I daabruna. man partizanuli brZola gaaCaRa da mosvenebas ar
aZlevda mters.
1 iqve, gv. 23.

2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, 511; farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 218
3 qarTlis cxovreba II, gv. 367, 512.
4 samxreT saqarTvelos istoriis masalebi (XV-XVI ss.) / teqstebis
publikacia, gamokvleva da saZieblebi qr. SaraSiZisa, Tb., 1961, gv.
49; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 522; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 411.
69
Sirvan-azerbaijanis dapyrobis Semdeg, 1578 wlis 26 noem-
bers lala faSa TbilisSi dabrunda1.
osmalTa garnizoni SimSilisagan imdenad ukiduresobamde
iyo misuli, rom ZaRlisa da katis xorciT ikvebeboda. avadmyo-
fobas bevrisaTvis musri gaevlo. rogorc minadois Seutyvia,
osmalTa garnizoni aseT mdgomareobaSi imitom aRmoCnda, rom
jariskacebi qarTvelebis SiSiT ver bedavdnen qalaqidan
gasvlas da sursaT-sanovagis mopovebas2.
lala faSa TbilisSi oTxi dRe darCa. man jari gausia
Tbilisis axlomdebare soflebs da saSinlad aiklo, garni-
zoni sursaTiT da fuliT moamaraga3. 24 oqtombers daiwyo
Zlieri grigali, romelmac osmalebis mgzavroba Seaferxa.
didi Tovlis mosvlis miuxedavad, jarma gza gaagrZela. Sim-
Silisa da sicivis gamo Tbilisidan goramde mravali jaris-
kaci daiRupa4.
1578 wlis dekembris dasawyisSi osmaleTis jarebis mTa-
varsardalma lala mustafa faSam, jari gausia Tbilisis ax-
lomdebare soflebs da saSinlad aiklo. Semdeg Tbilisis
garnizoni sursaTiTa da fuliT moamaraga da gorisaken ga-
eSura, erT-erTi anonimi avtoris gadmocemiT, goris sanjay-
begma (sadroSos, anu administraciuli erTeulis meTaurma)
`SesCivla, rom Tbilisis yofili patronis (dauT-xani _ e. m.)
naTesavi svimoni, romelic mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi daty-
vevebuli iyo sparseTSi, gaaTavisufles, exla imyofeba
irgvliv mdebare mTebSi da usiamovnebas ayenebs Turqebsa da
1 Minadoi T., Historia della guerra fra Turchi et Persiani. Descritto in qvatro libro da Gio.
Tomaso Minadoi: Caminciando dall’anno MDLXXVII, nel qvale furo li primi muomenti
di lei, freqvendo per tutto l’anno MDLXXXV. Alla Santita di N. S. Sisto V. Pon tifi ce
Ottimo Massimo. Con privilegio. In Roma. Nella Stamperia di Jacomo Tornerio, et
Bernardino Donangeli. MDLXXXVIII, p. 99-100.
2 Ibidem, p. 100.
3
Фарзалиев А. М. оглы, Труды Мустафи Али-Эфенди как источник по истории
Азербайджана конца XVI века / Диссертация на сойсканиe ученной степени
кандидата ист. наук, Тбилиси, 1985, с. 93; Minadoi T., Historia della guerra fra
Turchi et Persiani, p. 100.
4 TurqeT-sparseTis omi da qristiani qarTvelebi. 1577-1581 / ita-
liuridan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo e.
mamisTvaliSvilma, Tb., 1987, gv. 33.
70
maT mokavSirebs da saWiroa generalma (lala mustafa faSa _
e.m.) miiRos zomebi. amis gamo (generali _ e. m.) iq darCa sami
dRe, raTa (svimoni _ e. m.) daetyvevebina. man maSinve gagzavna
mravali mxedari mis mosaZebnad, magram, miuxedavad didi
mondomebisa, veravin ver ipoves. generali mixvda, rom amaod
eZebda mas da jarTan erTad gaeSura arzrumisaken~1.
lala faSa jer isev gorSi imyofeboda, roca, Turqi isto-
rikosis ali-efendis gadmocemiT, aq eaxla imerTa mefe giorgi
II-s Zma mamia da morCileba gamoacxada2. aqve movida kaxeTis
mefis kaci saxelad emin-aRa3, magram ali-efendi arafers
ambobs am ukanasknelis lala faSasTan vizitis mizanze.
savaraudoa, aleqsandre mefes raRac pretenziebi hqonda os-
malebis mimarT da amitom unda gaegzavna sardals misTvis
`saamuri~ werili. lala mustafa faSam kaxeTis mefes miswera,
Tbilisis beglarbegis ahmed-faSis razmebis da sifaxiebis,
ziamebis da Tbilisis dasacavad datovebuli sxva jaris-
kacebis razmebis gaerTianebis aucileblobaze. man aleqsan-
dres sTxova, agreTve, yoveli Rone exmara daudxanis osma-
lebisadmi morCilebaze dasayolieblad. sardalma goris
sanjaybegad daniSna husein-begi da arzrumisken ganagrZo gza4.
minadois gadmocemiTac, Tbilisidan gasuli osmalTa laS-
qari qarTvelTa razmebis mudmiv Tavdasxmebs ganicdida. mina-
dois naTqvamis sailustraciod oriode magaliTic mohyavs.
misi monaTxrobidanac Cans, rom yvela am razmebis moqmedebis
koordinacias svimon mefe axdenda. mefis mier osmalebisaTvis
miyenebul did zaralze gadmogvcems ali-efendic. misi TqmiT,
osmalebis arzrumSi dabruneba, sinamdvileSi uwesrigo ukanda-
xevaSi gadaizarda. osmaleTis jaris sardali awyurSi gaCerda.
aq mustafa faSasTan Sesaxvedrad movida yvaryvare aTabagisa
da manuCaris deda-dedisimedi5. sardalmaAaqve miiRo svimon
1
iqve, gv. 33.
2 m. svaniZis gamokvleviT mamia giorgi mefis Svili iyo da ara Zma. sv-
aniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 142.
3 Фарзалиев А. М. оглы, Труды Мустафи Али-Эфенди как источник по истории
Азербайджана конца XVI века, с. 93.
4
Тамже.
5 mamisTvaliSvili e., patronobda samcxes dedisimedi // istoriisa
71
mefis werili, romelic acnobebda, rom Tu goris (e.i. Sida
qarTlis) mmarTvelad daniSnavda, maSin osmalebis mxares gada-
vidoda. sardalma uariT upasuxa, im motiviT, rom goris gam-
gebeli ukve daniSnuli iyo1.
arzrumisaken mimavali osmalTa jaris ariergardi TiTqmis
mudmivad ganicdida svimon mefis razmebis Tavdasxmebs.
osmalebma qarTlSi didi zarali ganicades. svimonma lala
faSas xuTi aTasze meti mebrZoli moukla, mostaca arkebu-
zebiT datvirTuli mravali aqlemi, fuli, sursaT-sanovage da
sxv.2
1579 wlis dasawyisSi, anonimi venecielis relaciis mixed-
viT, arzrumSi osmaleTis jaris mTavarsardalma SemaSfoTeb-
eli werili miiRo. Tbilisis beglarbegi mehmed faSa acno-
bebda, rom yizilbaSTa 15 aTasianma jarma yaraxanis meTauro-
biT, alya Semoartya qalaqs da Tu droze ar daexmarebodnen
garnizons SimSiliT daRupva emuqreboda3. werilSi aRniSnuli
iyo, agreTve, rom aseTive mdgomareobaSi iyo gori, romelic
alyaSi hyavda moqceuli svimon mefes4.
farsadan gorgijaniZis TqmiT, Tbilissa da gors svimon
mefem Semoartya alya. Turqi avtorebis mixedviT ki, svimons
mxolod TbilisisaTvis hqonda alya Semortymuli da isic
yizilbaSebTan erTad5. vfiqrob, upiratesoba unda mieniWos
da eTnologiis institutis Sromebi, IX, Tb., 2009, gv. 105-111.

1
Азербайджана конца XVI века, с 94.
3 TurqeT-sparseTis omi da qristiani qarTvelebi, 36; ibrahim feCevis
gadmcmiT, yizilbaSTa jari 10 aTasi kacisagan Sesdgeboda da alya
4 Tve gagrZelda. ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da
kavkasiis Sesaxeb / teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca, Sesava-
li da SeniSvnebi daurTo s. jiqiam, Tb., 1964, gv. 54.
4 farsadan gorgijaniZiT, Tbilissa da gors svimon mefem Semoartya
alya. farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 223. Turqi avtorebis
mixedviT, svimonma yizilbaSebTan erTad Semoartya alya Tbiliss
1579 wlis 30 marts. svaniZe m.. svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis
urTierTobis istoriidan, XVI-XVII ss., gv. 137.
5 TurqeT-sparseTis omi da qristiani qarTvelebi, gv. 37.
72
anonimi venecielis monaTxrobs, radgan misi relaciis cnobebi
ZiriTadad dasturdeba sxva avtorebis TxzulebebSi.
lala faSam Tbilisisa da goris dasaxmareblad saswra-
fod gagzavna ori aTasi mxedari, magram didi Tovlis gamo maT
ver SesZles daniSnulebis adgilamde misvla da ukan gabru-
ndnen. lala faSam mxolod werilis gagzavna SeZlo, romli-
Tac gansacdelSi myofT amxnevebda da simtkicisaken mouwo-
debda. amasTan erTad is maT hpirdeboda, rom pirvelsave xel-
sayrel SemTxvevaSi daexmareboda1.
bolos da bolos SimSilma da qarTvelTa sistematurma
Tavdasxmebma Sedegi gamoiRo da goris osmalTa garnizoni da-
nebda. anonimi venecielis TqmiT: `zemoxsenebulma svimonma
yvela amowyvita garda cixisTavisa, romelic CauSiviT (Sikriki
_ e.m.) morTo, Sesva uyuro da ukudo jorze da gauSva ge-
neralTan, raTa ecnobebina momxdaris Sesaxeb. (svimonma) mi-
wasTan gaaswora (cixe) da wavida yaraxanis dasaxmareblad~2,
romelsac Tbilisi moqceuli hyavda alyaSi.
anonimi venecielis es cnoba (svimonis mier goris aReba)
dasturdeba axali qarTlis cxovrebis mesame teqstiT da vax-
uSti batoniSvilTan. vaxuStis mixedviT, svimons, Tbilisis
garda, 1578 wels auRia lore, gori da `yovelni cixeni
qarTlisani~3. anonimi venecieli ki svimonis mier goris aRebas
aTariRebs 1579 wlis dasawyisiT, rac Cemi azriT, ufro zusti
unda iyos. cnobilia, rom Sirvanidan dabrunebulma lala
faSas saqarTveloSi (kaxeTi, qarTli) gaiara da 21 dekembers
mivida arzrumSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom lala faSas
arzrumSi yofnisas Seatyobines Tbilisisa da goris mdgoma-
reobis Sesaxeb, man damxmare jari gagzavna, magram waruma-
teblad da a.S., ra Tqma unda, sakmao dro unda gasuliyo. ase
rom anonimi venecielis mier mocemuli TariRi axlos unda
iyos sinamdvilesTan.
dauT-xanis ubadruki mmarTvelobiT ukmayofilo qarTlis
samefos mosaxleobam svimon mefes dauWira mxari, `rameTu
1 iqve.
2 iqve.
3 qarTlis cxovreba, II, 524; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 411.
73
msurvel iyvnen misTÂs qarTvelni~1. dauT-xanis momxreni, ker-
Zod, amilaxori da qsnis erisTavi kaxeTSi gadaixvewnen. maTi
mamulebi svimonma dedofalsa da Tavis Zmas _ batoniSvil vax-
tangs gadasca2, xolo barZim amilaxoris goris mouravoba
sulxan TurmaniZis Zes Caabara3.
svimon mefem gori didxans ver SeinarCuna. 1580 wels4 gori
osmalebma igdes xelT mehmed faSas meTaurobiT: àmis
Semdgomad gamovida didi amirspasalari xvanTqrisa, mahmad
faSa, Camovlo zemo qarTli da aRiRo goris cixe da Seayena
mcvelni TÂsni~5. marTalia, svimonma muxranTan daamarcxa osma-
lebi, magram goris cixe mainc mtris xelSi darCa6.
qarTlis mosaxleoba svimon mefis meTaurobiT ibrZoda
osmalo dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg. mefem gori dakarga, magram
mis dabrunebas igi Cveuli SeupovrobiT cdilobda. rogorc
maSindeli istoriuli wyaroebidan Cans, marTalia, goris
cixeSi osmalebi idgnen, magram mis midamoebSi svimon mefis
razmebi Tavisuflad moqmedebdnen da mters did zians
ayenebdnen. osmalebi iZulebulni iyvnen periodulad samxedro
eqspediciebi gaegzavnaT qarTlis cixeebSi gamoketili da
Seviwrovebuli garnizonebis dasaxmareblad.
1581 wlis agvistos bolos osmaleTis jari mehmed faSas
winamZRolobiT arzrumidan gavida, gaiara yarsi da axal-
qalaqs mivida, sadac aTabag yvaryvare IV-is Zma, gamahmadi-
anebuli manuCar (mustafa) faSa mTeli Tavisi jariT Seegeba.
mehmed faSam manuCari sixaruliT miiRo, xalaTi, xmali da
fari uboZa. mTavarsardalma sTxova manuCars osmalTa laSqari
1 iqve.
2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 219-220. ix. agreTve, qarTlis
cxovreba, II, 524; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 412.
3 qarTlis cxovreba, II, 413. gaugebaria ris safuZvelze fiqrobda d.
gvritiSvili, rom TurmaniZis daniSvna goris mouravad moxda 1599
wels. gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri ur-
TierTobis istoriidan, Tb., 1955, gv. 400.
4 beri egnataSvilisa da axali qarTlis cxovrebis mesame teqstis
mixedviT _ 1582 w.
5 qarTlis cxovreba, II, 527; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 413.
74
waeyvana iseTi gziT, romelic yvelaze uxifaTo da mokle
iqneboda. manuCarma mehmed faSas Tavis samflobeloebze gavla
urCia. marTlac, osmalebma gaiares alTunyala da yarayala
ise, rom araviTari Seviwroeba an sursaTis nakleboba ar
ganucdiaT. Semdeg gorisken gaeSurnen. osmalTa laSqars
svimon mefe gorTan elodeboda Tavis jariT, romlis Semad-
genlobaSi mravlad iyvnen qarTulad Cacmuli yizilbaSebi.
yizilbaSebi imitom iniRbebodnen, rom am dros iransa da
osmaleTs Soris sazavo molaparakeba mimdinareobda da irane-
lebi viTarebis gamwvavebas eridebodnen1.
mehmed faSas ar undoda qarTvelebTan omi. man mosaTaT-
bireblad TavisTan miiwvia manuCar faSa. mTavarsardals ain-
teresebda manuCaris azri: gadasuliyo goris maxloblad mdi-
nareze Tu dilamde daecada. mdinaris meore napirze mTeli
jaris gadayvana swrafad ver moxerxdeboda da or nawilad
gayofil jars svimon mefe advilad daZlevda2. mehmed faSas
gadawyvetili hqonda manuCaris rCevis sawinaaRmdegod emoqmeda,
radgan is darwmunebuli iyo, rom manuCarsa da svimons Soris
kavSiri arsebobda da `rom mustafam (manuCarma _ e.m.) mzakvru-
li ganzraxviT daayena jari am gzaze~3.
mehmed faSam brZana saswrafod daewyoT mdinareze gada-
svla. jaris erTi nawili gadavida Tu ara mdinareze, qarTve-
lebma maSinve Seuties. osmalebma marcxi ganicades, dakarges
jaris didi nawili, svimon mefis xelSi aRmoCnda mTeli aRali
da xazina. osmalebis gadarCenili jaris mcire nawilma Tbili-
samde miaRwia4.
samcxeSi manuCaris ajanyeba daiwyo. man uaryo mahmadianoba
da Tavi gamoacxada manuCar II aTabagad. marTalia, mogvianebiT
igi osmalebs Seurigda, magram mainc Semdgomi brZolisaTvis
emzadeboda. man icoda, rom mxolod Tavis ZalebiT warmatebas
ver miaRwevda. amitom manuCarma kavSiri daamyara svimon
mefesTan. kavSiris simtkicis sawindrad man colad SeirTo
1
Minadoi T., Historia della guerra fra Turchi et Persiani, p. 184-185.
2
Ibidem, p. 186-187
3
Ibidem, p. 187.
4
Ibidem, p. 193.
75
svimon mefis asuli elene1. manuCarma da svimonma samkvdro sa-
sicocxlo brZola gaaCaRes osmalTa winaaRmdeg.
osmalebi patriotTa winaaRmdeg saerTo SetevisaTvis emza-
debodnen da daiwyes umTavresi strategiuli punqtebis gamag-
reba. isini goris cixis gamagrebas gansakuTrebiT cdilobdnen.
1584 wlis adreul gazafxulze saqarTveloSi, gansakuT-
rebiT gorSi, Seqmnili gamwvavebuli mdgomareobis gamo, fer-
had faSam cixis aRdgenisaTvis specialurad gagzavna Tavda-
pirvelad 884 jariskaci. rogorc ali-efendi wers, adre, lala
Mmustafa faSas dros datovebulma damcvelebma, qarTvelTa da
sefevidebisagan Sewuxebulebma, daxmareba sTxoves sardals.
gaiTvaliswina ra goris damcvelTa gaWirveba, sardalma iq
damatebiT kidev 200 jariskaci gagzavna. amgvari gadawyveti-
lebis miReba is aiZula manuCaris yizilbaSebis mxares gada-
svlam. osmalebma cixe 27 dReSi aRadgines. Cans amboxebul
manuCars osmalTa mier dapyrobili ramdenime cixe gauTavi-
suflebia kidec, romlebsac osmalebi kvlav iaraRiT daeu-
flnen2. osmalebma lores aRdgenis Semdeg aRadgines dmanisi
da amis Semdeg ferhad faSa gorTan mivida. Mman am vilaieTis
dacva Caabara heidar faSas3. goris cixeSi moiyara Tavi osma-
leTis kavkasiis jaris ZiriTadma Zalebma. aqedan RamiT Tavs
esxmodnen da iklebdnen Sida qarTlis mosaxleobas. osmalebi
`Semoesivnen saqarTvelos goridan sami-oTxi manZilis
siSoreze. uamravi da usazRvro nadavli iSoves da tyveebi
wamoasxes, ise, rom xuTi aTasi komli, _ mTeli tomis mo-
saxleoba, gamoirekes da Tan wamoiyvanes, sxva Zvirfas nivTebs
ki dasasruli ar uCanda~4.
osmaleTis jaris goris midamoebSi sastik moqmedebaze
gadmogvcems agreTve ali-efendi. vidre sardali gorSi imy-
ofeboda, misma jarma 5 aTasi adamianis saxli gaZarcva, mra-
1 samxreT saqarTvelos istoriis masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri

istoriisaTvis, 54; qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 413.
2
Азербайджана конца XVI века, с. 133.
3
Тамже., с. 134.
4 ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb, gv. 77.
76
vali daatyveva, mravals Tavi mohkveTa, daungria sacxovrebeli
da Zalian bevri naZarcvi waiRo1.
ibrahim feCevis monaTxrobidan Cans, rom osmalebs qarTlSi
mtkiced moukidebiaT fexi, goris cixe gaxda maTi dasayrdeni,
saidanac marbiel razmebs gzavnidnen qarTlis sxvadasxva,
mxares. osmalebi gorisa da maxlobeli soflebis dapyrobiT
ar dakmayofilda. isini Tbilisisaken wavidnen, sadac Sesafe-
risad momaragdnen yovelgvari sursaTiTa da saomari iaraRiT.
aqve osmalTa sardlobas miuRia aleqsandre kaxTa mefeze
dakisrebuli xaraja, romelSic Sedioda òcdaaTi iuqi abre-
Sumi da ramdenime ymawvili da ubadlo (silamazis) mxevali,
(aiRes da) waitanes. kidev ramdenime ispiris mimino da
ramdenime kidev balabani waiyvanes~2.
osmalTa jaris yofna gorSi gavlenas axdenda mTeli
saqarTvelos saSinao mdgomareobaze, radgan mters yovelTvis
SeeZlo am uaRresad mniSvnelovani strategiuli cixe-qala-
qidan qveynis saqmeebSi Careuliyo. aseTi mdgomareoba xel-fexs
uborkavda qarTlis mefes sxva samefo-samTavroebTan urTier-
TobaSi, ufro zustad rom vTqvaT XVI saukunis 80-ian wlebSi
Seqmnili xelsayreli viTarebis dros, roca SesaZlebeli Canda
imereTis samefos qarTlis samefosTan SeerTeba.
1585 wlis aprilis dasasruls osman faSam arzrumidan
Sikriki gagzavna sulTanTan da damatebiTi SeiaraRebuli Zala
iTxova3. rogorc Cans, mas qarTvelTa mosalodneli Tavdasxma
Zlier afiqrebda. osman faSa iranis sazRvars uaxlovdeboda
da saomari operaciebisaTvis emzadeboda, rodesac mas acnobes,
1
Азербайджана конца XVI века, с. 135
2 Тамже, с. 135. ibrahim feCevis gadmocemiT: `levan xanis Svilis _
aleqsandre xanis Svilze dadebuli iyo [xaraja] ocdaaTi Áuqi

abreSumi da ramdenime ymawvili da ubadlo [silamazis] mxevali;
aiRes da waitanes. Kkidev ramdenime ispiris mimino da ramdenime ba-
labani waiyvanes~. ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavka-
siis Sesaxeb, gv. 77-78.
3 Tardy L., Le Roi Svimon Ier á la lumére des sources d’ Europe Centrale contemporaines
de son époque, I partie // Bedi Kartlisa. Revue de Kartvélologie~, vol. XXXI, Paris,
1973, p. 190.
77
rom alepos beglarbegma hasan faSam da klisas sanjaybegma
ali begma gasul zamTars brZola gaumarTes qarTvelebs
loresa da dmanisis maxloblad. am brZolaSi daiRupa osma-
lTa jaris didi nawili, maT Soris lores begrlarbegi ali
faSa, xolo alepos beglarbegma hasan faSam brZolis velidan
gaqceva SeZlo erTi muWa jariskacebiT. am brZolaSi didi
danaklisi ganicades qarTvelebmac1.
qaTib Celebis mier Sedgenil istoriul movlenaTa kalen-
darSi aris 1584 wlis erTi saintereso cnoba, romelSic
naTqvamia, rom ferhad faSa Tavs daesxa lorisa da goris
cixeebs2. Tu am cnobas davujerebT, gamodis rom goris da
loris cixeebi svimon mefis xelSi yofila aRniSnul wels.
marTalia, Cven ar gvaqvs sxva pirdapiri sabuTi 1584 w.
goris ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, magram is ki viciT, rom aR-
niSnul wels osmalebma ramdenime marcxi ganicades saqarT-
veloSi.
osmaleTis jarebis mTavarsardali osman faSa 1585 wlis
aprilSi iranis sazRvrebs uaxlovdeboda, roca mas acnobes,
rom alepos beglarbegma hasan faSam da klisas sanjay-begma
ali begma gasul (1584 w.) zamTars brZola gaumarTes qarTve-
lebs loresa da dmanisis maxloblad. am brZolaSi daiRupa
osmalTa jaris didi nawili, maT Soris lores beglarbegi
ali faSa, xolo alepos beglarbegma hasan faSam mcireodeni
mebrZolebiT SeZlo brZolis velidan gaqceva. didi danaklisi
ganucdiaT qarTvelebsac.
imave 1584 wlis zamTarSi aseve marcxi ganicades osmalebma
qarTvelebTan brZolaSi sxvaganac. venecis konsulis pietro
miqeles mier siriidan gagzavnili reliaciidan (igi 1584 wlis
8 dekembers waikiTxes veneciis senatSi) vigebT, rom hasan faSas
Tan axlda Svidi sanjay-begi Tav-Tavisi jariT. xuTi sanjay-
begi qarTvelebma mokles, xolo ori daatyveves, TviTon hasan
faSa ki mxolod rva kaciT gaiqca3.
1
Ibidem, p. 190.
2 qaTib Celebis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb // Turqu-
lidan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo g.
alasaniam, Tb., 1978, gv. 252.
3
Berchet G., Relationi dei consoli veneti nella Asiria, Torino, 1866, p. 77.
78
zemoT aRwerili qarTvelTa warmatebebis CvenebiT imis
Tqma minda, rom 1584 wels osmalebs uWirdaT saqarTveloSi da
savsebiT mosalodneli iyo svimon mefis mier goris cixis
ganTavisufleba. ufro metic, arsebobs qarTuli wyaro, rom
man lore daipyro1.
amgvarad, qarTuli da Turquli wyaro erTmaneTs emTxveva
lores sakiTxSi, Tumca, TariRi TurqulSi 1584 welia, xolo
qarTulSi _ 1585 weli. gvaqvs kidev erTi ufro gviandeli
cnoba avstriaSi gamocemuli fugeris gazeTidan 1586 wlis 14
marts rom gamoqveynda. masSi naTqvamia: ferhad faSam marcxi
ganicada arzrumsa da vans Soris. amave dros qarTvelebi Tavs
daesxnen Tbiliss, gors, yarss da osmalebis xelSi arsebul
sxva mniSvnelovan cixe-qalaqebs da ise Seaviwroves isini, rom
osmalo jariskacebma dezertiroba daiwyes da vinc axerxebda
arzrumSi garboda2.
savsebiT dasaSvebad mimaCnia, rom fugeris gazeTSi gamoqve-
ynebuli 1586 w. 14 martis informacia 1585 da 1584 wlis ambebsac
exmaurebodes.
1585 wlis saintereso cnoba Semogvinaxa ibrahim feCevim.
osmalebma lorisa da goris cixeebi daipyres da SeakeTes (es
cnoba adasturebs Cem varauds, rom svimonma 1584 wels gori
gaanTavisufla). osmalebi gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT go-
ris cixis aRdgenas cdilobdnen. aq moiyara Tavi osmaleTis
kavkasiis jarebis ZiriTadma Zalebma, aqedan iklebdnen isini
Sua qarTlis mosaxleobas. osamalebi `Seesivnen saqarTvelos
goridan sami-oTxi manZilis siSoreze, uamravi da usazRvro
nadavli iSoves da tyveebic wamoasxes. ase, rom xuTi aTasi
komli, _ (mTeli) tomis mosaxleoba gamoirekes da Tan
wamoiyvanes. sxva Zvirfas nivTebs ki dasasruli ar uCanda~3.
ibrahim feCevis monaTxrobidan Cans, rom osmalebs qarTlSi
mtkiced moukidebiaT fexi. goris cixe gaxda maTi dasayrdeni,
saidanac marbiel razmebs gzavnidnen qarTlis sxvadasxva
1 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, II,

gv. 423.
2
Tardy L., Le Roi Svimon Ier á la lumére des sources d’ Europe Centrale
contemporaines de son époque, p. 192.
3 ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb, gv. 77.
79
kuTxeSi. osmalebi gorisa da maxlobeli soflebis dapyrobiT
ar kmayofildebodnen. maTi laSqari Tbilisisaken wavida,
sadac momaragda yovelgvari sursaTiTa da saomari iaraRiT.
aqve osmalTa sardlobas miuRia kaxTa mefeze dakisrebuli
xaraja, romelSic Sedioda òcdaaTi iuqi abreSumi da ramde-
nime ymawvili da ubadlo (silamazis) mxevali, (aiRes da)
waitanes. kidev ramdenime ispiris mimino da ramdenime kidev
balabani waiyvanes~1.
osmalTa jaris yofna gorSi gavlenas axdenda mTeli
saqarTvelos saSinao mdgomareobaze, radgan mters yovelTvis
SeeZlo am uaRresad mniSvnelovani strategiuli cixe-
qalaqidan Careuliyo qveynis saqmeebSi. aseTi mdgomareoba
xelfexs uborkavda qarTlis mefes sxva samefo-samTvroebTan
urTierTobaSi, ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, XVI saukunis 80-ian
wlebSi Seqmnili xelsayreli viTarebis dros, roca SesaZle-
beli Canda imereTis samefos qarTlis samefosTan SeerTeba.
magram, vidre svimon mefe am ganzraxvis ganxorcielebas
Seudgeboda, manamde jer Tavis samefoSi unda hqoneboda mtkice
pozicia. amis miRweva ki manamde vidre osmalebi gorSi imyo-
febodnen, SeuZlebeli iyo. rogorc Semdgomi periodis movle-
nebidan Cans, svimon mefis gorisaTvis osmalebTan brZolis
dros goris cixe mTlad ganadgurebuli iyo, rac osmalebs iq
gamagrebis saSualebas uspobda. amas isic emateboda, rom
rogorc cnobili osmalo istorikosi da poeti, aRwerili
ambebis TviTmxilveli, ibrahim rahimizade CavuSi Tavisi tri-
logiis `ganjis dapyrobis wignSi~ mogviTxrobs, `man (svimon
mefe _ e. m.) Sirvanis laSqrobidan moyolebuli dRemde
(osmalebis _ e. m.) sarwmunoebis laSqars suli gaumwara~2.
sulTnis kars osmaluri kalendris 995 (1586/1587) wels
jaris sardal ferhad faSasTvis dauvalebia aRmosavleT
amierkavkasiaSi wesrigis dasamyareblad goris cixe aRedgina
da svimonis winaaRmdegac gadamwyveti RonisZiebebi gaetarebina.
1 iqve, gv. 77-79.

2 rahimizade ibrahim CavuSi, ganjis dapyrobis wigni / qarTuli Tar-
gmani, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi gamosacemad moamzada marina ilu-
riZem, Tb., 2012, gv. 44.
80
osmalTa jari, mas Semdeg, rac TbilisSi `simonis qoneba,
avladideba [xelT igdes], xalxi, naTesavebi da ramdenime mamaci
adamiani ki aiyvanes, ris gamoc misi mcdari azri ganiwminda.
Sevalis Tvis merve, paraskev dRes1 xsenebuli gzaabneulis,
ubeduri wyeulis sacxovrebelTan, romelic Taobidan Taobas
[gadaecemoda], goris cixesTan dabanakdnen. mecxre dRe SabaTi
iyo... imisaTvis, rom cixis nageboba utyuari cnobis Sesabamisad
ganesazRvraT, [iq] mividnen, meaTe dRe ki kvira dRe iyo.
xsenebul umaRlesobas imedi mieca, rom RmerTs eziareboda.
Seneba daiwyes. beglarbegebs koSkebi, kedlebi, galavani, cita-
delebi da Txrilebi ise gaunawiles, rogorc zust miwaT-
moqmedebas Seefereba. mzis amosvlidan, mzis Casvlamde... Sromo-
bdnen. alepos beglarbegma hasan faSam, romelic warsulSi
meore miraxori2 iyo, dakisrebuli movaleoba yvelaze uwin
daasrula. erTi didebuli kari [Seaba], ramdenime aseuli
wyrTa3 kedeli, koSki, citadeli da Txrili gaakeTa. qvemexebi
gaisroles~4. hasan faSas goris cixisaTvis iseTi lamazi kari
Seubams, rom ibrahim CavuSim mas erTi Sesaferisi yiaTa5 miuZ-
Rvnia. leqsi sruldeboda Semdegi sityvebiT: ès kari mtkice
da lamazi gamovida. saxelad hasanabadi~6, hasan faSas sapativ-
sacemod.
aRdgenili goris cixe did STabeWdilebas axdenda mna-
xvelze. `misi mnaxveli patiosani xalxi ambobda: es cixe cis
simagris msgavsia, [TiTqos] arc SekeTebula da arc ga-
remontebulao. ramdenma niWierma es Seudarebeli istoriebi
sasurveli beiTebiT zepirad aRwera~7. rogorc ibrahim CavuSi
aRniSnavs, viRacebs, misi leqsi dauwuniaT, ris gamo igi
iZulebuli gamxdara meleqseTufrosisaTvis miemarTa da um-
aRlesi Sefaseba moeTxova. marTlac meleqseTufrosma ibra-
himis Txzulebas maRali Sefaseba misca. amis Semdeg avtorma
1 1586 wlis 11 seqtemberi.

2 miraxori _ mejinibe.
3 wyrTa _ zoma idayvidan Sua TiTis wveramde .
4 rahimizade ibrahim CavuSi, ganjis dapyrobis wigni, gv. 47.
5 yiaTa _ oTxtaepiani leqsi.
7 iqve, gv. 48
81
Tavisi leqsi `taxtis safexurs uZRvna, rac uamravi saCuqrisa
da uTvalavi da usasrulo wyalobis mizezi gaxda~1. leqsi
sruldeboda Semdegi sityvebiT: `gakeTda goris cixe, gatyda
simonis guli~2
cixis mowyobis dasrulebis Semdeg fadiSahis ganzraxvis
Tanaxmad, goris erTi didi eklesiis meCeTad gadakeTeba dai-
wyes. SekeTeba-Seremontebas Tvals adevnebda devTerdari hasan
efendi. eklesiis meCeTad gadakeTeba didi zeimiT dasrulda3.
goris beglarbegoba ferhad faSam varazas Ze mahmud-xans4
uboZa, dacva ki, trapizonis beglarbeg Cerqez heidar faSas
eialeTis laSqarTan erTad ebrZana5. xazina Sevsebuli iqna 80
iuqi6 naRdi fuliT, ambrebi ki 90 aTasi qila7 qeriT gaavses8.
yovelive amis Semdeg osmalebis jaris umetesobam gori datova
da arzrumisken gaeSura. rodesac svimon mefes, rimelic gamud-
mebiT osmalTa jars Tavs esxmoda, da amJamad Tavisi siZis
manuCar aTabagis dasaxmareblad samcxeSi imyofeboda, acnobes,
rom osmalTa `varskvlavTraodenobis laSqarma goris cixes
miaRwia da Seni mulqi, qoneba, xalxi da naTesavebi gafanta~-o,
iZulebuli gaxda Sida qarTlSi dabrunebuliyo9. ar gauvlia
1 iqve.
2 iqve, gv. 49.
3 iqve.
4 mahmud-xani, igive kokola SalikaSvili, Sah Tamaz I-is colis Zma,
manuCar II jayelis qvrivis, dedisimedis mier mokluli varazas Ze.
cnobili iyo, rogorc mahmud-xan dirazis Ze, Turquli wyaros mi-
xedviT _ varaza oRlu kaikud-xani. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTve-
los sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 189-191, 399, 409, 423,
436, 537.
5 rahimizade ibrahim CavuSi, ganjis dapyrobis wigni, 49-50.
6 1 iuqi = 100 aTas axCa = 200 qisa. maSasadame gorSi xazina Seivso 8
milioni axCiT.
7 qila _ wonis erTeuli, gamoiyeneboda ZiriTadad marcvleulis asa-
wonad, misi zoma osmaleTis imperiis sxvadasxva olqSi meryeobda.

yvelaze metad xmarebaSi iyo stamboluri qila, romelic 18-20
oyas, daaxloebiT 25 kg-s udrida. rahimizade ibrahim CavuSi,
ganjis dapyrobis wigni, gv. 99. mTargmnelis SeniSvna.
8 iqve, gv. 50.
9 iqve, gv. 51
82
did dros, rom kvlavi Tavi iCina goris garnizonis ulufiTa
da xelfasiT uzrunvelyofisaTvis RonisZiebis gatarebis auci-
leblobam1.
80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Sinafeodaluri omi gaCaRda da-
savleT saqarTveloSi. imereTis mefe ebrZoda dadiansa da
guriels. Seqmnili mdgomareoba xelsayreli iyo svimon me-
fisaTvis. marTlac, qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT 1587 w., xolo
vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT 1588 w., svimoni Tavisi jariT
gadavida imereTSi da gofanosTan daamarcxa imereTis mefe
levani (1583-1590). levani leCxumSi gaiqca. magram svimonma ver
ganaxorciela imereTis dapyroba, radgan `mas Jamad goris cixe
epyra osmalTa, amisTÂs ver daadgra imereTs~2, `rameTu fiqri
aqunda goris mecixovneTa osmalTagan qarTlisa~3. svimon mefem
wamoiyvana mZevali da qarTlSi dabrunda. levan mefem xelaxla
daipyro imereTi4. amgvarad, goris dacvis aucileblobam svi-
moni aiZula Seewyvita qveynis gaerTianebisaTvis moqmedeba da
Sida qarTlSi dabrunda.
svimon mefisa da sxva antiosmaluri Zalebis moqmedebam
aiZula osmaleTi 1588 w. zavi daedo qarTlis samefosTan, ro-
melic mTeli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi omis asparezad iyo
gadaqceuli. svimon mefis brZolas uSedegod ar Cauvlia. SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, man aiZula osmaleTi xeli aeRo qarTlis gaos-
malebasa da mis srul inkorporaciaze. osmaleTi qristianobiT
scnobda svimons qarTlis mefed, aRiarebda mis memkvidreobiT
uflebas. igi damoukidebeli unda yofiliyo Sinagan
mmarTvelobaSi.
qarTlsa da osmaleTs Soris sazavo xelSekruleba daido
arsebuli mdgomareobis mixedviT. qarTlis samefo gaiyo orad.
is cixe-qalaqebi, romlebic osmalebs hqondaT dapyrobili, maT
xelSi darCa. danarCen teritoriaze svimonis xelisufleba
vrceldeboda. xelSekrulebaSi mtkiced ar iyo dadgenili te-
ritoriuli zonebi. Zneli iyo garkveva, Tu vis ekuTvnoda
osmalTa garnizonebis mier dakavebuli cixesimagreebis irgliv
1 iqve, gv. 54
83
mdebare soflebi da saxnav-saTesi miwebi. svimons es ukana-
skneli Tavis sakuTrebad miaCnda da iqidan garkveul gada-
saxads _ ùSurs~1 iRebda, riTac osmalebs adgilobrivi sur-
saTiT gamokvebis saSualebas uspobda da mZime mdgomareobaSi
ayenebda. sulTani murad mesame SeSfoTebas gamoTqvamda `qar-
Tlis mbrZaneblisadmi gacemul uavgustues xelSekrulebaSi~
imis gamoc, rom qarTvelebi ar aZlevdnen Tavisufali gada-
adgilebis saSualebas cixeebSi mimaval-momaval mis jariska-
cebs, sursaTisa da xazinis damtareblebsa da gamvlel-gamom-
vlelebs2. qarTvelebis gagebiT, Tu cixeebi osmalebs ekuTvno-
daT, gzebi qarTvelebisa iyo. aseT viTarebaSi, ra Tqma unda,
didi xniT ver damyardeboda mSvidoba. amitom murad III
dabejiTebiT sTxovda svimon mefes, rom, Tu raime gaugebroba
warmoiSoboda osmaleTis administraciasTan an mis moxele-
ebTan, dauyonebliv ecnobebina amis Taobaze sulTanisaTvis da
igi pirobas debda, rom damnaSaveebs dasjida. sinamdvileSi ki
faruli da zogjer daufaravi omi mainc mimdinareobda.
osmalebi svimonis damorCilebisaTvis qarTvelebis gamoyene-
basac cdilobdnen. xelT maqvs erTi uaRresad saintereo osma-
luri dokumenti, romlidanac vigebT, rom kaxeTis mefe aleq-
sandre II rogor aqezebs osmaleTis xelisuflebas daumo-
rCilebeli svimonis winaaRmdeg. sulTans waqezeba ki ar unda,
aramed kaxTa mefis svimon mefis winaaRmdeg SeiaraRebuli
ZaliT uSualo monawileobiT iyo dainteresebuli. igi aleq-
sandres ubrZanebda TviTon daepyro qarTlis is adgilebi,
romlebic svimon mefes emorCileboda. mas daexmarebodnen go-
risa da dmanisis beglarbegebi3.
1 gaiReboda baRebze, venaxebze, bostnebze, marcvleulis kulturebze,

Taflze, Tevzis Weraze da sxv. Sengelia n., osmaluri gada-
saxadebi da valdebulebani `gurjistanis vilaieTis didi
davTris~ mixedviT // Tsu Sromebi, #91, aRmosavleTmcodneobis se-
ria, II, Tb., 1960, gv. 235.
2 iqve.
3 saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi osmalur saarqivo dokumentebSi,
stanbuli, 2012, gv. 105. es saintereso dokumentebi qarTulad Targ-
mna batonma gela guniavam, romelsac madlobas movaxseneb am
Zvirfasi krebulis saCuqrad gadmocemisaTvis.
84
qarTlis samefosa da osmaleTs Soris damyarebuli `mSvi-
doba~ aramyari iyo. osmalebsa da qarTvelebs Soris wi-
naaRmdegobis mTavari sagani kvlav gori iyo, amaze gvamcnobs
1593 wlis 12 dekembris `gafrTxileba Cildiris beglarbegs,
raTa izrunos goris cixis dasacavad aleqsandres1 da simonis
Tavdasxmisagan.
brZaneba Cildiris beglarbegs.
Sirvanis vilaieTis mbrZaneblis, vezir safer faSas mier
astanei-saadeTSi (stamboli) gamogzavnil werilTan erTad
misdami miwerili Seni werilic miviReT. masSi Tqven ityo-
binebiT, rom Tbilisidan erTi dRis savalze gurhanes yelis
(taSiskaris) maxloblad gaerTiandnen aleqsandres da simonis
Zalebi, ris gamoc Tqven goris cixis dasacavad gamwesebul
moxeleebTan erTad ver gabedeT cixeSi Sesvla da ukan dab-
rundiT. goris cixis dacva sakmaod sayuradRebo sakiTxia. Tu
ki saTanado Zalisxmevas ar gamoiCen da goris cixes raime
zarali miadgeba, sakiTxi mxolod Seni daqveiTebiT ar amoi-
wureba da saTanadod daisjebi. goris beglarbegma mustafam
jafer faSasTvis gagzavnil werilSi moiwera, rom miiRo gada-
wyvetileba 700-800 mebrZolTan erTad saidumlo gziT scados
goris cixemde miRweva.
vbrZaneb: am gankargulebis miRebisTanave ar daiSuro Za-
lisxmeva da Cildiris vilaieTis rCeuli mebrZolebidan aar-
Cie 150 rigiTi, Cauyene saTaveSi erTi aRa da erTi qeThuda da
axaldabis an maqsuzis an sxva saidumlo gziT gaagzavne goris
cixeSi, raTa uzrunvelyon misi safuZvliani Tavdacva. rodesac
alahis daxmarebiT es guladi mebrZolebi goris cixes miaR-
weven, gamoagzavne dawvrilebiTi da ganmartebiTi werili sudei
saadeTSi~2.
1598 w. svimon mefem, Sah abas I-Tan SeTanxmebiT, osmaleTTan
omi ganaaxla da mokle xanSi mniSvnelovan warmatebas miaRwia.
man jer Tbilisis ganTavisufleba ganizraxa da 45 dRe dahyo
1 Tu es aleqsandre kaxTa mefe aleqsandre meorea, SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom es pirveli dokumentia, romalSic erTmaneTTan dapiris-
pirebuli qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebis osmalebis winaaRmdeg
erTobliv moqmedebazea laparaki.
2 saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi osmalur saarqivo dokumentebSi, gv. 121.
85
mis misadgomebTan, magram uSedegod1 (vaxuSti batoniSvilis
mixedviT ki svimons am dros dapyrobili hqonda Tbilisi, rac
sxva wyaroebiT ar dasturdeba). amis Semdeg svimonma alya
Semoartya osmalebis mier Zlier gamagrebul gors. cixeSi
osmalebTan erTad iyvnen mesxebic. alya cxra Tve gagrZelda2.
mecixovneni sursaTis gasaWirs ganicdidnen, magram cixidan
gamosvlas ver bedavdnen. gaWirvebam mainc Tavisi gaitana da
500 osmalo gamovida cixidan, axlomaxlo soflebi moarbia da
didZali sursaTi da pirutyvi iSova. magram maT cixeSi Sesvla
veRar moaswres. batoniSvilma goCam xuTasi darCeuli meomriT
gadauWra gza da mravali amowyvita. am warmatebis Semdeg
svimon mefem kidev ufro gaamkacra alya, magram warmatebas ver
miaRwia. maSin man cbierebas mimarTa: 1599 wlis didmarxvis
dReebSi mefem alya moxsna goris cixes da gaecala. osmalebma
icodnen, rom qristianebi didmarxvis dReebSi òmsa da SuRls
ar iqmnen~ da sifxizle moadunes. mefem farsadan ciciSvilsa
da sulxan TurmaniZes daavala, rom TavianT mamulebSi saidum-
lod daemzadebinaT kibeebi da laSqaric mzadyofnaSi yolo-
daT. man brZana: mtkvrisa da liaxvis SesarTavTan WalaSi `mzaT
damxvdiTo mTvaris dalevis Jamsa bnel Rameso~. ciciSvilma da
TurmaniZem mefis brZaneba Seasrules. daTqmul dros
frTxilad mieparnen cixes, osmalebma jaris moaxloeba maSin
gaiges, roca qarTvelebi CaxruxaZis saydars ascildnen. osma-
lebma gangaSi astexes, magram qarTvelTa erTi nawili kibeebiT
kedlebze gadasuliyo da cixis SigniT ibrZoda. `zogni jer
ver gardasuliyvnen, kibeebszed iyo brZola da cema da gare-
damac miatanes da cixe aiRes~. osmalebi da mesxebi dilamde
ganagrZobdnen winaaRmdegobas. roca dainaxes, rom Semdgom
brZolas azri aRar hqonda svimon mefes ùvneblobas Se-
moexvewnes da zogni mesxni igive cixeSi oqonis xats See-
1
Tardy L., Le Roi Svimon Ier á la lumére des sources d’ Europe Centrale contemporaines
de son époque, p. 200.
2 araqel davriJecis mixedviT, gori alyaSi iyo rva Tvis ganmavlo
baSi. araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / Targmani,

Sesavali da komentarebi, k. kuciasi, Tb., 1974, gv. 52.
86
xvewnes1 da mefes saficari sTxoves~. mefem maT Tavisi Zmis
vaxtangis xeliT Sewyalebis sigeli gaugzavna. man piroba Se-
asrula da uvnebeli datova datyvevebulni. ufro metic,
`yvelas cxeni da saxarjo misces da sagzali da jari Tan
gaatanes rom gzaze aravin ar awyinos rame~. goris cixeSi
naSovni nadavlis erTi nawili mefem Tavis mebrZolebs
dauriga, xolo is rac sulTnis qonebad iTvleboda Tavis Zmas
vaxtangs ubrZana samefo sakuTrebad gadaeqcia2. svimon mefem es
didi warmateba, e.i. goris ganTavisufleba, Sah abass acnoba.
SahTan macned man javaxiSvili gagzavna da misive xeliT mi-
arTva goris cixis kliteni3.
araqel davriJecis TqmiT, `mtiral ucxo tomelebs (si-
monma) ubrZana dangreuli cixis qvebi waeRoT da mdinare
mtkvarSi CaeyaraT. amis Semdeg mamakacebi maxviliT daxoca,
maTi qalebi da Svilebi ki davlad misca qarTvelTa jars.
agaris mTeli modgma gulSi Rrmad damwuxrda, saSinlad gan-
risxebulma da gaavebulma xonTqarma mahmedma brZana da fah-
ratis saxelo da xelisufleba TavrizSi myof saWuris jafars
uboZa da gagzavna simonis winaaRmdeg, rom mas Suri eZia misi
SeuracxofisaTvis da osmalTa da ismailTa laSqris sisxli-
saTvis~4.
goris gaTavisuflebisaTvis brZolis Sesaxeb cnobas gvaZ-
levs vaxuStic, magram mokled da SedarebiT sqematurad. igi
gvarwmunebs, rom, roca svimonma goris cixe aiRo `ganuteva
osmalni uvnod~.
1 erTi gujris mixedviT, romelic nayalbevad aris miCneuli, am dros

oqonis xati gorSi ki ara imereTSi unda yofiliyo. qronikebi da
sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa Sekrebili,
qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier. III (1700
wlidan XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebamde), gv. 26-27.
2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 220-221; gvritiSvili d., goris
istoria, gv. 36; saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 147-148.
3 masalebi saqarTvelos istoriuli geogafiisa da toponimikisaTvis /
gamosacemad moamzades z. aleqsiZem da S. burjanaZem, naw. I, Tb.,
1964, gv. 59.
4 araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 52.
87
beri egnataSvilic aseve mokled agviwers goris gaTa-
visuflebisaTvis Catarebul samxedro operacias, magram vaxuS-
tisagan gansxvavebiT, igi ambobs, rom svimonma àiRo cixe da
mosra yoveli osmalo, romeli iyo cixesa gorisasa~. axali
qarTlis cxovrebis mesame teqstSi vkiTxulobT: svimonma
`brZola uyo cixesa gorisasa da aRiRo igi da amoswyÂdna yo-
velive osmalni myofni cixesa Sina~1.
beri egnataSvilisa da vaxuSti batoniSvilis monaTxrobiT,
svimon mefis mier goris gaTavisuflebas win uZRoda erTi
ambavi. svimoni gorijvarSi iyo da qeifobda _ Triaqs Wamda.
beri egnataSvilis TqmiT, svimoni Triaqis Wamas da Rvinis smas
alamutis cixeSi patimrobisas daeCvia2. svimon mefis Sesaxeb
patimrobis droindeli saintereso cnobebi dagvitova j. t.
minadoim. minadoi wers: `...gansakuTrebiT es exeba svimons,
romelmac samxedro saqmis, poeziis codniTa da filosofiuri
ganaTlebiT Tamazis vaJis ismailis wyaloba da masTan
siaxlove daimsaxura sparseTSi tyved yofnis dros... magram
rogori gmiri unda iyos adamiani, rom SeinarCunos adrindeli
brwyinvaleba da ar Caqres codvebiT dacemis Semdeg...
sabralo svimoni waiyvanes TamazTan (SahTamaz I - e.m.),
romelic didxans uCiCinebda mas mieRo sparsuli wesebi. aman
ar uaryo mSobliuri sarwmunoeba da gagzavnes kahkahes
cixeSi, sadac gadasaxlebaSi cxovrobda Tamazis Svili is-
maili... kahkaheSi tusaRad yofnis dros svimons axlo ur-
TierToba hqonda Tamazis Svil ismailTan, romelic misma
xsenebulma mamam iq gadaasaxla da maTi urTierTmegobroba
nel-nela mtkice, savaldebulo siyvarulSi ganmtkicda. ase
rom ramdenadac ismails uyvarda svimonis moqmedebis wesebi,
imdenad svimoni ismailis sulis sidiadis aRtacebuli pati-
vismcemeli xdeboda da am araCveulebrivma urTierTsiyva-
rulma miiyvana bolos iqamde, rom svimoni (ar vici rome-
liRac sofizmiT motyuebuli Tu raRac alersiT moxibluli)
Tavis sarwmunoebaSi ver gamagrda Tavisi megobris barba-

2
iqve, gv. 379.
88
rosul crurwmenaSi gadavida1. Zneli asaxsnelia ram gamo-
iwvia svimonis sulis gardatexa, religiurad didad ganaT-
lebulis da umtkicesis, romelmac imisaTvis raTa Seena-
rCunebina berZnuli (marTlmadidebluri _ e. m.) religia, Sewi-
ra qoneba da Tavisufleba~2.
davubrundeT svimon mefis gorijvarSi qeifis ambavs.
svimoni gorijvridan goris bostnebs gahyurebda. mas
mwvanili mounda da Tavis mebroZlebs mimarTa: àra ars Tu
sircxvili Tquenda, rameTu mnebavs mwuanili, vxedav TualiTa
da ver miegemebies~. amis gamgone meomrebi mefis survilis
dasakmayofileblad goris bostnebSi Cavidnen. osmalebma isini
cixidan SeniSnes, jer Tof-zarbazani dauSines, Semdeg gamo-
vidnen da mravali qarTveli gawyvites. daiRupa mefis papis
Zmiswuli mewinave sadroSos spaspeti goCa. gadarCenilma meom-
rebma mefes mwvanili miarTves, magram sayveduri gamoTqves
TanamebrZolebis daRupvis gamo. rogorc vaxuSti ambobs, rad-
gan mefem aseT ubralo rames mravali mebrZoli Seakla, qarT-
velebma mas `xeli~, xolo mahmadianebma `deli~ (e.i. `giJi~,
gadareuli) Searqveso3.
goris ganTavisuflebis Semdeg ganTavisuflda mTeli qar-
Tli. qarTlsa da samcxe-saaTabagoSi antiosmaluri ajanyeba
daiwyo. svimon mefem `ra goris cixe aiRo, imereTis daWirvac
moindoma~. magram imereTis Tavadebma mas mxari ar dauWires da
marcxi ganicada. igi gorSi dabrunda da Tavis siZes, manuCar
jayels imereTis dapyrobaSi daxmareba sTxova4. magram am
gegmis ganxorcieleba ver moxerxda, radgan cnobili gaxda
osmalTa jaris qarTlze da saaTabagoze wamosvla.
svimonis mier gorisa da qarTlis gaTavisufleba sulTnis
karze saTanadod Seafases da sagangebo zomebi miiRes. sasw-
rafod Catarda mobilizacia da saqarTveloSi gamogzavnes
1 vaxuStis mixedviTac, svimoni Triaqs daeCvia `patimrobasa Sina~.

qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 417. amaSi garkveuli roli, albaT isma-
ilmac iTamaSa. cnobilia, rom ismaili Triaqs xmarobda da misi
sikvdilis mizezi, erT-erTi versiis mixedviT, es gamxdara.
2 Minadoi T., Historia della guerra fra Turchi et Persiani, p. 43-45.
3 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 417-418; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 378-379.
89
didi jari jafar-faSis meTaurobiT. svimonma Tavisi ojaxi
goridan mejvrisxevSi gadaiyvana, xolo ufliswuli giorgi
didi laSqriT gorSi datova da misi dacva daavala. TviT
mefe sabaraTianoSi wavida jaris Sesagroveblad. magram man
ver moaswro jaris Sekreba, farcxisTan damarcxda da os-
malebma daatyveves. imis gamo, rom jafar-faSas moaxsenes
gorSi didi jariT mdgomi ufliswuli giorgi mamis gamoxsnas
Seecdebao, osmalebi swrafad aiyarnen da svimonic Tan
waiyvanes. jafar faSam maSinve kaci afrina stambolSi da
sulTans svimon mefis datyvevebis ambavi acnoba. meore dRes,
naSuadRevs, roca svimon mefis datyvevebis Sesaxeb gorSi
gaiges, batoniSvili giorgi cxenosani razmiT osmalebs
daedevna, magram veRar miswvda.
datyveveba im patara qarTuli samefos mefisa, romelic 12
wlis ganmavlobaSi mosvenebas ar aZlevda TiTqmis mTeli axlo
aRmosavleTis da kavkasiis dampyrobel osmalebs, osmaleTis
iaraRis udides warmatebad miiCnies da sulTnis brZanebiT mTe-
li imperiis qalaqebSi quCebi morTes da sami dRis ganmav-
lobaSi saerTo zeimi gamocxadda. sulTanma mehmed III-m (1595-
1603) brZana datyvevebuli svimon I masTan mieyvanaT.
1600 wlis 21 ivniss svimon mefe stambolSi Caiyvanes da
iedi kules cixeSi moaTavses1.
1 iedi kule (Turq. yedi _ Svidi da kule _ cixe, e.i. SvidkoSka,

Svidburjiani cixe) _ mdebareobs stambolis imave saxelwodebis
ubanSi marmarilos zRvis napirze. elCebs, vezirebs da maRali Ta-
namdebobis im damnaSaveebs, romlebsac sikvdili hqondaT misjili,
am cixeSi aTavsebdnen. sikvdiliT dasjis adgilad SerCeuli iyo
imperator Teodosis mier aSenebuli TaRis marcxena mxares
mdebare marmarilos koSki. sikvdilmisjilebs agdebdnen bnel
dilegSi. mokveTil Tavebs hyridnen qvissaxuravian WaSi. romelsac
sisxlis Was eZaxdnen. jiqia s., XVI saukunis erTi cnobis gan-
marteba (na’ima-s erTi cnobis ganmarteba) // masalebi saqarTvelosa
da kavkasiis is toriisaTvis, nakv. 31, Tb., 1954, gv. 56.
90
giorgi X-is (1601-1606) da Sah abas I-is cdam, tyveobidan
daexsnaT1 datyvevebuli svimoni, Sedegi ar gamoiRo. svimon
mefe tyveobaSi gardaicvala2.
vfiqrob simarTles asaxavs axali qarTlis cxovrebis
mesame teqsti: `xolo iyo mun stambols erTi goreli vaWari,
romelsac ewoda diakunisSvili da aman iSovna Zualni svimon
mefisani, da warmoiRo igi da moarTua giorgis da dedofalsa
nestan-darejans, da yves glova didi, da damarxes samarxsa TÂss
mcxeTas. xolo romelmanca miiRo Zualni misini igi diakunisS-
vili yovliTurT saxleuliT misiT gaazates, da Seswires
patiosansa da cxovelmyofelsa (ierusalimis _ e. m.) juaris
monastersa salxineblad da saoxad mefisa svimonisa. da arian
awca gors diakunisSvilebi ymani juarisa monastrisani~3.
1 beri egnataSvilis Tanaxmad, svimon mefe Turqebma daatyveves

farcxisTan brZolaSi da `warvides mswrafl, rameTu eSinodaT
qarTvelTagan da Zisa misisa giorgisagan, rom amas ar gagu-
atanebeno usikvdilod~. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 379. beri
egnataSvilis TqmiT, giorgi X-m scada mamis tyveobidan gamoxsna,
magram vidre gamosasyidi saqoneli stambolSi Caitanes `manamade
mefe svimon momkvdariyo patimrobaSi da saqonelic iq darCa~. iqve,
gv. 380, 536.
2 svimon mefis sicocxlis bolo periodis Sesaxeb saintereso
cnobebi dagvitova XVII saukunis somexma istorikosma grigor
daranaRcim anu kamaxecim. misi monaTxrobiT, jafar faSam svimon
mefe Seipyro maSin, rodesac Rvinos svamda eklesiaSi da ara
brZolis velze. jafar faSam tyve konstantinopolSi gagzavna
sulTan mehmed III-sTan (1595-1603), romelmac Casva iedi yules
sapyrobileSi. simon mefem jer mahmadianobis miRebiT scada
tyveobidan Tavis daxsna da, pirvel xanebSi sulTani mzad iyo am
pirobiT igi gaeTavisuflebina, magram kariskacebma moaxsenes:
`magan ukve erTxel aseve iwama mahmadis rjuli, rodesac xelSi
Cauvarda sparseTis xelmwifes, am xerxiT gaiqca da dabrunda
Tavis qveyanaSi~. svimoni sapyrobileSi imyofeboda sulTan ahmedis
(1603-1617) drosac, magram arc man gaanTavisufla da iqve
gardaicvala. somexi istorikosis mixedviT svimonis neSti da
krZales muslimanTa sasaflaoze. kucia k., grigor daranaRcis
cnoba simon I-is stambolSi tyveobis Sesaxeb // saqarTvelos
istoriis aRmosavluri masalebi, wigni I, Tb., 1976, gv. 120-123.
3 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 537. svimon mefis neStis saqarTveloSi
Camosvenebis da misi Semdgomi bedis sruliad gansxvavebuli versia
ix. araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / Targmani,
Sesavali da komentarebi k. kuciasi, Tb., 1974, gv. 33.
91
gori XVII saukuneSi
svimonis datyvevebis Semdeg, rogorc Cans, gori, sakmao

drois ganmavlobaSi, kvlav qarTlis mefis xelSi iyo. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, 1609 wels osmalebi gorSi ar Canan. XVII s.
cnobili sasuliero moRvawe da poeti ioseb saakaZe (Tbileli)
Tavis poema `didmouravianSi~, exeba ra 1609 w. qarTlSi yirime-
li TaTrebis Semosevas, gadmogvcems Semdegs: mteri mtkvris
marjvena napirze modioda doesis mxridan, roca maT win See-
Cexa goreli somexi (`tertera~). is maSinve ukan gaiqca da
gorTan mtkvarze gadebuli `xidis ficrebi man gardayara
wyalzeda~1. ase gadaurCa gori aklebas. goreli terteras moxe-
rxebuloba Tu ara, TaTarTa xani advilad daeufleboda qa-
laqs, radgan misi cixe am dros isev dangreuli iyo da mo-
qalaqeebs Tavdacva gauZneldebodaT.
Sah abasma 1614 w. zafxulSi goris cixe kvlav aRadgina da
Sig yizilbaSTa garnizoni Caayena2.
imave wels Sahisgan devnili kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I da
qarTlis mefe luarsab II mcire xans gorSi afarebdnen Tavs,
Semdeg ki imereTSi gadavidnen. gori, iseve, rogorc mTeli
qarTli, yizlbaSebma daipyres da `goris zemoT gamavali gza~
gadaketes, raTa antiiranulad ganwyobili sxva qarTvelebic
imereTSi ar gaxiznuliyvnen3. vaxuSti batoniSvili Sahis gorSi
mosvlas 1615 wliT aTariRebs. Sah abasi gorSi dabanakda, oseT-
dvaleTs jari gausia da aaklebina, man giorgi saakaZes daka-
rguli qoneba daubruna da xmas avrcelebda, rom Tu luarsabi
qarTlSi ar dabrundeboda, giorgi saakaZes gaamefebda. Sahma
imereTis mefe giorgi III-s Teimurazi da luarsabi mosTxova.
arCili Tavis poemaSi `gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTvelisa~,
imereTis mefesTan Sahis SenaTvals ase gadmogvcems:
`maSin Saabazc Tan mogvyva, movida, dadga Si-gorsa.
mefes dauwyo elCs gzavna: `nu Seixiznav Sens gorsa,
1 Cveni saunje, IV, 1960, gv. 328, str. 48.

2 isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 90
92
rac ginda, ficiT aRgiTqvam, Tu xelTa mamcem mag orsa,
Tval-margalitsac eseTsa, moedans burTebr igorsa~ 1.
Sahma goridanve gamarTa mimowera qarTlisa da kaxeTis
devnil mefeebTan da hpirdeboda rom, Tu isini Tavis nebiT
dabrundebodnen, Seiwyalebda. magram Sahma sawadels ver miaR-
wia2.
araqel davriJecis gadmocemiT, gorSi ìm dReebSi erTi
viRac Tbiliseli kaci, borotebis msaxuri, wyeulis Svili, eS-
makisagan aRZruli, satanis waqezebiT movida Tbilisidan~, mivi-
da SahTan da luarsabis imereTidan gadmoyvana aRuTqva3. èrTi
viRac Tbiliseli kaci~ qarTuli wyaroebis Sadiman bara-
TaSvili iyo4. man, is SeZlo, rasac Sahma ver miaRwia: 1614 w. 17
oqtombers gorSi Sahs luarsabi aaxla5. roca imereTidan
gadmosuli luarsabi gorisaken wavida, mas Sahi yvela Tavisi
didebuliTa da jariT gaegeba. Sahi didad iyo gaxarebuli lu-
arsabis misvliT. `Sahi ufro bednieri iyo, vidre misi cxov-
rebis yvela sxva dRe, radgan aRsrulda boroti survili
romelzec didi xania, ocnebobda... didi siyvaruliTa da pati-
viT miiRo igi (luarsabi)~6.
luarsabis gorTan miaxloeba rodesac Sahs acnobes, is
sagonebelSi Cavarda. arCili Tavis poemaSi Sahis fiqrebs Sem-
degnairad gadmogvcems:
àr mivegebo cxeniTa, viT SevqmnaT civTa Tbileba?
mivegebo da ar xamdes, miT saqme daiCrdileba~ 7.
e.i. Sahs luarsabis winaSe TvalTmaqcoba iseTnairad surda,
rom yizilbaSebis TvalSi ar damcirebuliyo. bolos man ise
moawyo, viTom sanadirod gavida goridan da SemTxveviT waa-
wyda luarsabs. luarsabi amas ise gaigebda, rom Sahi goridan
1 qarTuli mwerloba, 6, str. 479, gv. 422.

2 araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 31; farsadan
gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 230; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 426.
3 iqve, gv. 31-32.
4 gvritiSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriidan, II, Tb., 1965, gv.
309.
5 isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 91; ix. agreTve,
qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 394; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 426.
6 araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 33
7 qarTuli mwerloba, 6, str. 521, gv. 430.
93
mis Sesaxvedrad gamovida1. Sah abasi luarsabs Sexvda rogorc
swori swors. maT
`dayves xani gors mciredi lxiniTa da didis SvebiT
mgosnebiT da muSaiTiT, mwuxri qmnian gaTenebiT
alersiT da Tbili sityviT, ferobiT da misi TnebiT.
da rac iamis, aamebdis, xels uwyobdis mosvenebiT ~2.
amis Semdeg Sahma datova gori, luarsabi Tan waiyvana,
Tbilisi gaiara da iranSi dabrunda. luarsabma iranSi pova
aRsasruli.
Sah abasma Teimuraz I-is damorCileba ver SeZlo. Teimurazi
yizilbaSebs iaraRiTac ebrZoda da mokavSireebsac eZebda xan
osmaleTSi da xan ruseTSi. Sahma Tavis risxva mZevlad
wayvanil ufliswulebs _ levansa da aleqsandres daatexa,
oriveni daasaWurisebina (1620 w.), ris Sedegad levani Wkuidan
SeiSala, aleqsandre ki gardaicvala. mogvianebiT (1624 w.), Sah
abasis brZanebiT SirazSi wamebiT mokles Teimurazis deda
qeTevan dedofali.
marabdis brZolis Semdeg qarTlSi simon-xani gamefda,
magram qarTl-kaxeTs faqtiurad, giorgi saakaZe da Teimuraz I
ganagebdnen. Sah abasi arafers zogavda, raTa isini erTmaneT-
Tan waekidebina. qveyanaSi feodalur aSlilobas Sahis agen-
tebic aRvivebdnen. Tavadebi, yizilbaSebze dayrdnobiT, Ta-
vianTi viwro feodaluri interesebis ganxorcielebas cdilo-
bdnen. qaixosro baraTaSvilma birTvisis cixeSi xuTasi yizil-
baSi Caayena. giorgi saakaZem goridan SeuTvala: `nu gvizam,
qarTls nu mostexe zurgia~. man aqve miiRo qaixosros pasuxi:
`maT mets sxvas CemTvis netar Tu vis ra urgia~. giorgim aRar
daayovna da tbisSi qaixosrosTan mivida, aiZula yizilbaSebi
cixidan gamoetyuebina da xuTasive yizilbaSs Tavi gaagdebina3.
giorgi saakaZisa da Teimurazis erToblivi moqmedeba did-
xans ar gagrZelda. maT Soris Setakeba moxda 1626 w. baza-
leTis tbasTan. giorgi damarcxda da osmaleTSi gadaixvewa.
Teimurazi Sah abass 1627 w. Seurigda da avgustinelTa mo-
nasterSi daculi qeTevan dedoflis neSti sTxova. Sahis
1 iqve, gv. 203, str. 522.

2 iqve, gv. 203, str. 523-534.
3 gvritiSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriidan, II, gv. 352.
94
nebarTviT, avgustinelTa wesis portugalielma berebma ambro-
zio duS anJusma da pedro duS santuSma 1628 w. 1 ivnss qeTevan
dedoflis neStis nawili gorSi moitanes da Teimurazsa da
qarTvel samRvdeloebas gadasces1.
roca Sah abasi gardaicvala da simon xanic zurab aragvis
erisTavma mokla, Teimurazi qarTls daepatrona. Teimurazma
scada Tavis mxares gadaeyvana meryevi feodali, goris mouravi
oTia (ioTami) amilaxvari (1632-1648)2. man amilaxvris gulis
mogeba imiT SeZlo, rom mas, rogorc zemo qarTlis sadroSos
sardals, dauqvemdebara `rac gors zedaT an sadedoflo... an
suetiscxovlisa da ielusaremis~ mamulebi iyo3. Teimurazma
1631 w. ioTams gadasca, agreTve, sulxan TurmaniZis kerZo
mamuli, moRalate anduyafar amilaxvrisaTvis winaT CamorTme-
uli aradeTis sanacvlod4. imave wels Teimurazi gorSi gad-
movida, sadac Tavisi asuli darejani Zvel mowinaaRmdege arag-
vis erisTavze daaqorwina5. don jakomo da stefano goridan
gagzavnili weriliT romSi acnobebda, rom zurab erisTavma
qarTlis gamgebel simon-xanTan SeTanxmebiT amboxeba moawyo da
maSin, roca Teimurazi kaxeTSi imyofeboda, gori gaZarcva. man
mxolod Teatinelebi daindo. simon-xani Teimurazis erTguli
amilaxvris samflobeloSi SeiWra da daipyro. Teimurazisagan
waqezebulma zurabma arc simon-xans uerTgula da mokla6. Tei-
murazma darejani kvlav gorSi moiyvana da imereTis uflis-
wul aleqsandreze gaaTxova7.
1632 w. Teimuraz I-ma isargebla iranis gaWirvebuli mdgo-
mareobiT (osmalebi utevdnen irans) da qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTia-
nebuli laSqriT, levan dadianisa da imereTis mefis aleqsa-
1 vrclad ix. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa So-

ris, tf., 1902, gv. 103; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da
wignsacavebSi, III, Tb., 1987, gv. 75, 77, 87.
2 saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, Hd, #2128.
3 iqve, Hd, #2124.
4 iqve, Hd, #2122
6 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, III, gv.
136, 172; saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 292.
95
ndres SewevniT iranis samflobeloebi aiklo aRm. amierkav-
kasiaSi. Teimurazs miemxro yarabaRis beglarbegi daud-xani,
warmoSobiT qarTveli undilaZe. bardaSi Teimurazs somxebis
kaTolikosi1 didi jariT da saCuqrebiT eaxla da iranis
damorCilebis gegma SesTavaza. man es gegma ar gaiziara, daud-
xani da somexi kaTalikosi mTeli TavianTi avladidebiT wamo-
iyvana da gorSi movida. gorSi Teimurazma `dadiani da mefe
aleqsandre da mesxT Tavadni alxina da varianis Wala da go-
ris nefis wyaro anadira da kargad Seaqcia. da yvelas mravali
saCuqari miarTva da gaistumra~2.
avitabiles mixedviT, Teimurazi da daud-xani jogebiTa da
sxva uamravi saqonliT dabrundnen saqarTveloSi. misi Cana-
werebidan ar Cans sad wavida Teimurazi, daud-xani ki gorSi
movida da didi yuradReba gamoamJRavna kaTolike patrebis
mimarT. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mefe Teimurazs kvlav Sekriba
jari, daud-xanic mas SeuerTda da ganmeorebiT aikles Sahis
samflobeloebi. meore laSqrobidan mobrunebuli Teimurazi,
daud-xani da maTTan erTad avitabilec gorSi movidnen3. safiq-
rebelia, rom farsadan gorgijaniZis mier aRwerili Teimu-
razis gorSi mosvla da didi zeimi, avitabiles mier aRniS-
nuli meore eqspediciis Semdeg unda momxdariyo.
daud-xans gorSi ewvia osmaleTis sulTnis elCi. daudxansa
da mis stumars kaTolike patrebma umaspinZles4. unda viva-
raudoT, rom daud-xani osmalebTan iranis sawinaaRmdego
molaparakebas awarmoebda, magram, rostom mefis (1633-1658) qar-
TlSi Semosvlis gamo, iZulebuli gaxda osmaleTSi gaqceuliyo5.
1 T. natroSvilis gamokvleviT, es unda iyos eCmiaZinis kaTalikosi

movses taTaveci (1629-1632). ix. natroSvili T., Teimuraz pirvelis
ajanyeba da imam-yuli-xan undilaZe // axloaRmosavluri krebuli,
Tb., 1983, gv. 172.
3 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 44.
4 daud-xansa da goris kaTolike misionerebs urTierToba adrec
hqondaT. TeatinelTa misionis daarsebis mizniT, avitabile sxva
or misionerTan erTad daud-xans ganjaSi ewvia. tabaRua i., saqar-
Tvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, III, gv. 183-84.
5 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 46, 50.
96
Teimurazis moqmedebiT ganrisxebulma Sah sefim qarTlis
samefo rostoms (xosro-mirza, anu qiaxosro batoniSvili) ga-
dasca.
XVII s. goris istoriis mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani mo-
mentebi dakavSirebulia rostom mefis saxelTan. amitom mok-
led mainc unda iTqvas misi pirovnebis Sesaxeb.
rostomi svimon I-is Zmis daviTis (daud-xani) ukanono vaJi
iyo. igi daibada 1565 w. ispaanSi, aRzrda-ganaTleba iranSi
miiRo, magram qarTuli ena kargad icoda. rostomis dawinaure-
baSi didi roli iTamaSa giorgi saakaZem iranSi moRvaweobis
dros.
rostomi male Sahis karze dawinaurda. igi jer Sahis gvar-
diis _ yulis jaris _ sardali gaxda, Semdeg ispaanis mou-
raobac mas Caabares. Sah abas I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg is
kidev ufro aRzevda. misi `cdiT Sah sefi yaeni gaxemwif-da...
eranis saqme rostom mefes ekiTxeboda~ _ ambobs farsadan
gorgijaniZe1. vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT rostomi
ìyo saqmiT xuanjiani soflis, friad Wkuiani, morWmul-mdida-
ri; rameTu aquanda yularaRasoba yeenisa, mouraoba ispaanisa
da niWvida yeeni uricxusa, dauxmobda mamad~2.
rostoms Sahis karze mravali momxre da mowinaaRmdege
hyavda gamahmadianebuli qarTvelebis saxiT. mis mowinaaRmde-
geebs zemoxsenebuli daud-xan undilaZe meTaurobda. daud-xans
zurgs umagrebda iranSi aRzevebuli undilaZeTa gvari, Teimu-
raz I-is da elene misi coli iyo. rostomma daud-xanis Camo-
Soreba SeZlo, Sahs igi mejlisidan gaagdebina3. roca daud-
xani, Sahs ganudga da Teimuraz I-s miemxro, Sahis brZanebiT
undilaZeebi amowyvites. amis Semdeg rostoms qarTlis taxtis
dakaveba aRar gauZnelda. roca is saqarTveloSi movida ukve 67
wlisa iyo4.
avitabilem ase daaxasiaTa rostomi: Sahs surda, `rom
TeimurazisaTvis saqarTvelo CamoerTmia da mis magier dae-

2 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 312-313.
4 cnobebi rostom mefis biografiis Sesaxeb ix. saqarTvelos
istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 312-313.
97
niSna Tavisi mahmadiani uerTgulesi qarTveli megobari, an
kidev, rogorc sxvebi amboben, mahmadianis Svili, romlis
saxelia rostom-xani, meore saxeliT xosro-mirza, romlisa-
ganac sparseTis xelmwife Zalian davalianebuli iyo. igi
moxuci Sah-abasis gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTuli gvardiis
meTauri gaxda da mTel sparseTSi uZlieresi Seiqmna. es Sahi
(sefi _ e. m.) man dasva sparseTis samefo taxtze, Tumca
zogierTi winaaRmdegoba Sexvda sparselebisagan, romelTac
sxva Sahis dasma undodaT... rostomi im meufeTa Stos ekuTv-
noda, romlebic qarTlis mbrZaneblebi iyvnen, rostom-xans
samarTlianoba uZRvis win. mas samarTlis saqmeSi TxuTmeti
weli umsaxuria samefo qalaq ispaanSi. igi mahmadiania, magram
didad xels uwyobs qristianebs~1. aRsanisnavia, rom rostomis
es daxasiaTeba dawerilia gorSi da aqedanvea gagzavnili
romSi.
Teimurazi, gaigo ra rostomis didi jariT saqarTveloSi
wamosvla, samzadiss Seudga, magram Tavadebma mxari ar dauWi-
res. mxolod ioTam amilaxvari aRmoCnda misi erTguli2. avita-
biles TqmiT, qarTvel didebulebs Teimurazis Sepyroba da
misi rostomisaTvis gadacema surdaT3. mas verc imereTis mefe
daexmara, radgan am dros igi dadians ebrZoda.
1633 w. dasawyisSi rostomi jariT Semovida saqarTveloSi.
Cvens istoriografiaSi rostomis qarTlSi Semosvlisa da
gamefebis sxvadasxva TariRia iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobda, rom
rostomi qarTlSi unda gamefebuliyo 1632 an 1633 wels4.
Semdgomi drois gamokvlevebSi ki upiratesoba mieniWa 1632 w.
sando unda iyos avitabiles cnoba, romlis mixedviT rostomi
yizilbaSTa jariT saqarTveloSi Semovida 1633 w. dasawyisSi5.
avitabile xom gorSi daxvda rostoms. kidev ufro dazu-
stebulia es TariRi m. TamaraSvilis gamokvlevaSi, sadac
2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 240; qarTlis cxovreba, IV,
gv. 438
3 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 26;
javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, gv. 368.
4 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, gv. 270.
98
naTqvamia, rom 1633 w. 18 Tebervals Teimurazma `dauteva saqar-
Tvelo da imerTa mefes Seexizna~1.
1633 w. 1 ianvrisaTvis gorSi ukve cnobili gaxda, rom yi-
zilbaSTa jari saqarTveloze salaSqrod modioda. magram am
cnobas SiSi da panika ar gamouwvevia, radgan yvelas egona,
rom Sahis jari 20-30 aTasze meti ar iqneboda. Teimurazma
omisaTvis samzadisi mxolod ianvris bolos daiwyo. roca
cnobili gaxda, rom rostomis meTaurobiT didi jari modioda,
Tavadebma Teimuraz mefes mxari aRar dauWires2. Teimurazi jer
gorSi movida, Semdeg qviSxeTSi dabanakda.
justo prato wers: ès moxda 18 Tebervals, oTxSabaTs. me-
ore dRes gaTenebisas, dilis 5 saaTze. CvenTan gorSi movida
macne, romelmac morTo yvirili: `Tavs uSveleT, visac SeuZ-
lia, vinaidan mefe gaiqca, xolo sparselTa armia ukve Semovi-
da qarTlis samefoSi da yvelgan SiSi da saSineleba moaqvso.
mTeli qalaqi swrafad fexze dadga. eSinodaT ra spar-
selTa jariskacebis moulodneli Tavdasxmisa, sparseTis ja-
ris winamZRolTan Sesaxvedrad goridan gaigzavna ramdenime
kaci... mefem maSinve daajildova es pirveli macneebi, brZana ra
TiToeuli maTganisaTvis miecaT farCis xalaTi, xolo macne-
ebis meTaurs uboZa mamasaxlisis Tanamdeboba, e.i. kapitnis, anu
qalaqis meris Tanamdeboba, romelic daemorCileboda mefis
yvela brZanebas~3.
rostom mefis yizilbaSTa jaris umravlesoba, avitabiles
gadmocemiT, gamahmadianebuli qarTvelebi iyvnen. maT qarTlSi
`gadauwvavi, gauZarcvavi, moukvleli Tu dautyvevebeli aravin
datoves. mxolod gori, sadac Cven vimyofebodiT, gadarCa~. misi
TqmiT, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba goris gadarCenas imas miawe-
rda, rom ùfalma usazRvro sikeTis kalTa gorSi myof mis
morwmune frankebs daabertyao~4. sinamdvileSi, rogorc imave
misioneris sityvebidan irkveva, goris mosaxleoba ukve gaxiz-
1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 125.

243.
3 iqve, gv. 243.
244-245.
99
nuli iyo da avladidebac gadamaluli hqondaT. rostomma
`Tavis cxenosan gvardias ubrZana, patri frankebisaTvis Seet-
yobinebinaT, rom tyeebSi gaqceul xalxTan ar wasuliyvnen;
SemTxveviT wasulebi ki moeZebnaT da TavianT saxlebSi daebru-
nebinaT~1.
rostomi da misi jari goridan oTxi milis daSorebiT
SeCerda. magram jari imdenad mravalricxovani iyo, rom bolos
da bolos karvebi qalaqis karibWesTan gaSales. rostomma Tei-
murazs ori aTasi mxedari daadevna. magram misi Sepyroba ver
SeZles, mxolod Teimurazis amalidan ramdenime kaci mohgvares
da misi bargis erTi nawili moarTves2.
31 maiss gorTan movida yizilbaSTa mTeli jari da qalaqs
alya Semoartya. goris garSemo 15 aTasi karavi gaSales. ès
arCveulebrivi sanaxaoba iyo; uamravi xalxi, simdidris sxvada-
sxvaoba, silamaze. qalaqis romeli mxridanac ar unda gasu-
liyavi, saWiro iyo gagevlo minimumi oTxi mili, raTa gasu-
liyavi jariskacebis wridan~3 _ wers TviTmxilveli justo
prato.
rostom mefe 12 ivlisamde gorSi darCa. mis mier gatare-
bul umniSvnelovanes RonisZiebaTa Soris, erT-erTi goris
cixis aRdgena iyo. mSeneblobas rostom-xan saakaZe xelmZRva-
nelobda. mSenebloba jer kidev dasrulebuli ar iyo, rom
rostom-xanma patri jakomo da cnobili don qristoforo
kasteli gamoiZaxa da cixis suraTis daxatva mosTxova. dakveTa
kastelma Seasrula. rostom-xans Zlier moewona naxati da
meore dResve iranis Sahs gaugzavna4.
sakmaod gansxvavebul versias gvTavazobs TviT kasteli
mis mier daxatul goris cixesTan dakavSirebiT. kastels
movusminoT: `8-Si rostom xanTan mimiyvanes. man mkiTxa: SemeZlo
Tu ara misTvis cixesimagris suraTi gakeTebina, radgan surda,
rom igi SemdegSi Tavis batonTan SahTan, gaegzavna. bolos
dasZina, rom Cemi didi madlobeli iqneboda da damajildo-

2 iqve, gv. 26-27, 50.
247.
100
vebda...~ kastelma goris cixe daxata `sparseTis qaRaldis
furcelze~, romelic italiur 10 furcels udrida. friad
mniSvnelovania misioneris erTi fraza: `rostom xans qaRaldze
davuxate cixesimagre, romelic Semdeg unda aego~. ise gamodis,
rom goris cixe, romelic naxatiTaa cnobili, kastelis gegmiT
aigo. rogorc igi Semdeg aRniSnavda, naxatis gamo sparselebi
didi yuradRebiT epyrobodnen misionerebis samuSaos1.
kastelma qalaqis gegmac Seadgina da romSi gagzavna2.
1642 wlis 12 noembris werilSi, romelic samegrelodanaa
gagazavnili kasteli werda, rom rostom xanma brZaneba gasca
kastelis dajildovebis Sesaxeb, magram mxatvari uars ambobda
jildos miRebaze da iTxovda, rom gaeTavisuflebinaT qristia-
ni qali, romelic yizilbaSebs hyavdaT Sepyrobili
cixis mSenebloba imave wlis agvistoSi damTavrda3 da
rostom mefem cixisTavic daniSna4. cixesimagreze 15 zarbazani
dadges da 500 yizilbaSi Caayenes5.
farsadan gorgijaniZe gvacnobebs, rom goris cixis aR-
dgenis Semdeg `qarTvelTa Tavadni da aznaurni srul mouvi-
dnes da rostom mefes fexs akoces cicisSvilis farsadanis
meti~6. sxva Tavadaznaurebis msgavsad rom ar moiqca farsadan
1 liCini a. p., kristoforo kasteli da misi misia saqarTveloSi /

Targmani da seniSvnebi murman papaSvilisa, Tb. 2009, gv. 49.
rogorc kasteli gadmogvcems, is qarTveli mesveurebisagan xSirad
Rebulobda davalebas, daexata safortifikacio nagebobebi. liCini
a. p., kristoforo kasteli da misi misia saqarTveloSi, gv. 127.
4 justo pratos Tanaxmad, cixisTavad dainiSna emir batri, farsadan
gorgijaniZis istoria gamahmadianebul mesxs muslimbegs asaxe-
lebs, xolo isqander munSi ki, xorasnis meTofeTa minbaSis Zmis-
wuls mirza muhameds. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da
wignsacavebSi, III, gv. farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 240; isqan-
der munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 37.
247.
101
ciciSvili da rostoms maSinve ar gamoucxada erTguleba, amas
adasturebs justo prato1.
goris cixis mSeneblobis damTavrebis Semdeg, rostom mefem
TavisTan mxolod 3000 yizilbaSi daitova, danarCeni jari
iranSi gauSva. zemodasaxelebuli italieli avtoris mixedviT,
rostomi jaris ZiriTadi nawilis gaSvebis Semdeg, gorSi mud-
mivad ganicdida Teimuraz pirvelisagan Tavdasxmis SiSs. èrT-
xel, man ubrZana Tavis xalxs dRe da Rame fxizlad yofili-
yvnen, yovel Rames igi awyobda sadResaswaulo nadims musikiT,
fanfariT, barabaniTa da didi baqabuqiT. isini iZinebdnen mzis
amosvlisas da eZinaT saRamomde. is ori Tve, romelic man aq
(gorSi _ e. m.) dahyo, e.i. mTeli ivlisi da agvisto, gaatara
aseT viTarebaSi~2.
saqarTveloSi mosvlisas rostoms arc coli da arc mem-
kvidre ar hyavda3. amitom man maSinve gorjaspi abaSisSvilis
asul qeTevanze ìqorwina qristianul-mahmadianur~4. magram qe-
Tevani male gardaicvala. rostomma Tavis kariskacebis rCeviT,
romelTac politikuri mosazrebani amoZravebdaT, gadawyvita
eTxova levan dadianis da mariami, simon gurielis nacolari.
man dadianTan mociqulad Tbileli gagzavna. dadianma, ro-
melic imereTis mefes ebrZoda, sixaruliT miiRo es wi-
nadadeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom mariami am qorwinebis wi-
naaRmdegi iyo. dadianma, Tavis mxrivac gamogzavna mociqulebi,
romelTa Soris iyo cnobili saeklesio moRvawe da diplomati
nikifore irbaxi (nikoloz ColoyaSvili)5. saqorwino garigebis
1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, III, gv. 248.

2 iqve.
3 iqve.
5 1994 wels gamoqveynebul `goris istoriaSi~ vwerdi: `dadianma, Tavis
mxrivac gamogzavna mociqulebi, romelTa Soris iyo nikifore irbaxi
(nikoloz ColoyaSvili), romelic TeimurazTan erTad jer imereTSi
gaiqca, xolo Semdeg samegreloSi gadavida, gv. 298. Teimuraz I-sa da
nikifore irbaxis urTierTobis Semdgomma kvlevam damarwmuna, rom
rostom xanis yizilbaSTa jariT saqarTveloSi Semosvlamde mefesa
da mis diplomats Soris moxda ganxeTqileba. nikiforem Teimurazi
miatova, odiSis samTavroSi gadavida da levan II dadianis samsaxur-
Si Cadga. mamisTvaliSvili e., ganxeTqileba Teimurazsa da nikifores
Soris//saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, II, gv. 281-312.
102
mizniT mociqulTa `win da ukan~ siarulze miuTiTebs avita-
bilec1.
rostomis arCevani Sahsac moswonebia. `Sirvanis beglarbegi
faruxan gors movida, yaenis naboZebi saqorwino levan dadians
gaugzavnes da dro da paemani sTxoves, rom qorwili rodis
unda iqnas~. sabolood SeTanxmdnen kidec. rostomi patarZals
suramSi Sexvda, gorSi mobrunda, patarZalTan erTad Tan moi-
yvana samegrelodan mosuli mravalricxovani mayrioni, èqvss
Tves ilxines da nadirobas Seeqcnen~2. dedofali mariami 1634
wels, uflis amaRlebis dResaswaulis Semdeg, moiyvanes gorSi
da `pirveli didebulebi da prelatebi rogorc odiSidan, ise
guriidan mas Tan axldnen~. dedofals avgustinelebis eklesi-
is da Teatinelebis samlocvelos naxvis survili gamouTqvams3.
da didi amaliT ewvia kidec dasaxelebul kaTolikur eklesi-
ebs. sainteresoa, rom gorSi TeatinelTa da avgustinelTa ek-
lesiebis garda, aq arsebuli `sxva mravali saydridan arc
erTi ar iyo Ria. qarTvelebis eklesiebi, romelic simagreSi
iyo moTavsebuli, mahmadianebis meCeTebad iyo gadakeTebuli,
ufro uaresi _ somxebis eklesia cxenebis Tavlad iyo gamoye-
nebuli~4.
rostomma mSvenivrad Seafasa am qalaqisa da cixis mniSv-
neloba Tavisi aramyari xelisuflebis gansamtkiceblad. Semd-
gomi movlenebidan davinaxavT, rom gori iyo rostom mefis
mTavari dasayrdeni qarTlis feodalTa damorCilebisa da
Teimuraz I-is winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
zemoT vTqvi, rom qarTlis feodalTa umravlesobam Tav-
dapirvelad rostomis xelisufleba scno. magram, Semdgom maT
mefis mier gatarebuli centralisturi RonisZiebebi ar
moswondaT. gamosvlebi daiwyo aragvis erisTavis daTunas
ajanyebiT. rostomma es ajanyeba SedarebiT iolad CaaxSo, mag-
ram `saerisTaos ufrosi kacni Sekrifes da zaal (daTunas Zma
_ e.m.) gaaerisTaves~. zaali maSinve daukavSirda Teimurazs,
romelTanac imyofeboda qsnis erisTavi iase. rostoms Tbilis-

4 iqve, gv. 57.
103
Si acnobes, rom `Teimuraz qarTlSi Caiara da kaxeTs Cavidao~.
Teimurazs kaxeTis Tavadebmac dauWires mxari da qarTlze
Tavdasxmebi daiwyo. rostoms Sikrikebi moaxsenebdnen: `wuxelis
batoni Teimuraz muxranSi gasuliyo, dRes qsnis erisTavis
mamulSi mivao~. Teimurazma goris dapyrobac scada, ai rogor
moaxsenes rostoms gorze Teimurazis Tavdasxma: `kidev gori-
dan anbavi movida _ wuxelis batoni Teimuraz gors daesxa da
napiris saxlebi cixis Zirs movasxiTo da bazars zeiTi gzebi
SeukariTo da ubansa da ubansa Tavisive kacebi uCineTo da
TavTavis ufrosman kacebman colSvilni cixeSi Semoasxeso.
gorelebs ver Semouvidneso. romelisac gziT movidneno, dau-
SineT da davabruneTo. vera dagvakles rao da vercara iSov-
neso da Cven xuTi kaci moukaliTo da ocda Svidi cocxali
davirCineTo, gaTenebamdisin gvebrZoleso da giorgi gorgija-
naSvili Tavis saxlSi daiWireso da waiyvaneso1. zedamen To-
fiT icemebodeso, iq veRar dadgneno. ikorTas mividneso da
gzaze rac Zroxa da cxvari naxes, waasxeso. ra es anbavebi
minbaSsa da gorelebs moewera, Cafris xeliT yaens gaugzavnes
da mefem (rostomi _ e. m.) somxiTisa da sabaraTianos laSqari
Semoiyara da gors mivida da qarTlis laSqari ixmo da imaTac
Seityves mefis mosvla~2.
1 es is gorgijaniSvili unda iyos, romelmac 1625 wels yizilbaSTa

winaaRmdeg ajanyebis dros Teimurazsa da giorgi saakaZes
uRalata. man gansakuTrebiT `gamoiCina~ Tavi ajanyebulebis mier
Tbilisis aRebis mcdelobis dros. man, rogorc Tbilisis minbaSis
(cixisTavis) megobarma, qarTvelebis mier ayrili wylis Rarebi
kvlav gamarTa, yizilbaSebma wyali moimarages da Teimurazma
Tbilisis cixe veRar aiRo. giorgi saakaZem gamoiZia danaSauli.
meore damnaSaves, Tbilisis moqalaqe garsuas, Tavi mokveTes,
gorgijanaSvils Camohkides kiserze da qalaqi da laSqari Camoa-
tares. am dros TbilisSi imyofebodnen imereTis mefis elCebi,
romlebic giorgi gorgijanaSvils icnobdnen da maT gaaTavisufl-
es igi. farsadan gorgijaniZis istora, gv. 233-234. rogorc irkveva,
giorgi gorgijanaSvili istorikos farsadanis mama iyo. nakaSiZe
r., farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria. biografiisaTvis // li-te-
raturuli Ziebani, Tb., 1983, gv. 195.
104
farsadan gorgijaniZis monaTxrobi Teimuraz I-is gorze
Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb ZiriTadad dasturdeba da zogierTi deta-
liT mdidrdeba kidec, patri justo pratos mier alepoSi
rezidentTan gagzavnili erTi italiuri weriliT. iqidan
vigebT, rom 1635 w. oqtombris pirvel naxevarSi rostom mefe
gorSi imyofeboda, roca mas dedoflis avadmyofoba acnobes
da TbilisSi wavida. Teimurazma isargebla am SemTxveviT da 17
oqtombers, dilis 5 saaTze ieriSi miitana gorze. mas Tan
axlda safar faSas gamogzavnili 300 Turqi da qarTvel
mxedarTa da qveiTTa razmebi. rogorc vTqvi, xuT saaTze
ieriSi miitanes qalaqze, magram, imis gamo, rom gorelebs ukve
wina dRes scodniaT mosalodneli Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb, `yvela
kaci da qali cixeSi Sevida~1. cixe Zlier iyo gamagrebuli
artileriiTa da meTofeebiT. cixisTavma 200 Tofosani gamou-
Sva mtris mosagerieblad da sakmao zaralic miayenes. sabolo-
od, Teimurazis jarma xelT igdo 50 cxeni, kameCebi, Zroxebi,
ramdenime tyve, dakarga ki meti mokluli da daWrili jaris-
kacebis saxiT2.
22 oqtombers rostom mefe gorSi mobrunda Sahis mier ga-
mogzavnili sakmaod didi jariT3. rostomi gorSi darCa, laS-
qari ki arcevs gagzavna Teimurazis winaaRmdeg. sisxlismRvrel
brZolaSi gaimarjva rostomis jarma. Teimurazi kaxeTSi
dabrunda. imis gamo, rom muxranis batoni da ioTam amilaxvari
arcevis brZolaSi Teimurazs miemxrnen `mefem laSqriT saa-
milaxvro Caiara, muxrani daarbia~4. rostomi TbilisSi dab-
runda.
1635 w. rostomisa da Teimurazis droebiT Serigeba moxda.
rostomma SahTanac ki uSuamdgomla Teimurazs. magram Tei-
murazi xels ar iRebda qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebis gan-zra-
xvaze. 1636 w. rostomi gorSi imyofeboda, roca qarTlis
TavadTa erTi jgufi ajaynda. maT Teimurazis qarTlSi game-
feba surdaT. ajanyeba nodar ciciSvilma da iase qsnis eri-
sTavma daiwyes. maT miemxrnen aragvis erisTavi zaali da ioTam
1 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1962, f. 28-31.

2 iqve, f. 28-30
3 iqve, f. 31.
105
amilaxvari. qsnis erisTavma da amilaxvarma `gors zeviT Wala~
daikaves, xolo nodar ciciSvilma `gors qveviT mtkvris piri~.
rostomma iase erisTavisa da ioTam amilaxvaris colSvili
daatyveva da goris cixeSi Caamwyvdia. erisTavi da amilaxvari
gaiqcnen da axalgorSi gadavidnen. rostomma amilaxvroba
beJans misca, qsnis erisTavoba ki elizbars. ajanyebulebma
kaxeTs Seafares Tavis. rostomi goridan gauZRva jars,
amilaxvarTa cixesimagre cxvilo daangria da kvlav gorSi
mobrunda.
rac Seexeba goris cixeSi datyvevebul erisTavisa da ami-
laxvris ojaxebs, isini rostom mefem mariam dedoflis
SuamdgomlobiT, gaanTavisufla da kaxeTs gauSva1.
qarTlis Tavadebs Soris, rostomis winaaRmdeg gansakuT-
rebiT aqtiurobda nodar ciciSvili, romelic imereTis Tava-
debis, CxeiZeebis mxardaWeriT ajanyda. mefem TbilisSi gaigo
amis Sesaxeb da didi jariT wavida nodar ciciSvilis wi-
naaRmdeg. brZolis dawyebis win nodarma CxeiZeebi miatova da
veris (atenis) cixeSi Caiketa. mefis jarma advilad daamarcxa
ajanyebulebi. CxeiZeebi Seipyres da rostoms mihgvares. mefem
`brZana CxeiZeebs mklavni gauxsnes da gors gagzavnes, rom
tanisamosi gamoucvalon da qveSsagebi da zedsafeni gaukeTon
da kargis pativiT Ãeli Seuwyon~ (SemdegSi rostomma CxeiZeebi
SahTan gagzavna). meore dRes TviTonac gors movida. aqedan,
mefis brZanebiT Cafari gagzavnes, SeTqmulebaSi mxilebuli
dedoflis saxlTuxucesi qaixosro Seipyres da goris cixis
koSkidan gadaagdes, qaixosros Svilebi ki daatyveves. misi siZe
husein begisSvili bagrationi, romelic taxtis dapyrobas fiq-
robda, kaxeTs gadaixvewa2.
amis Semdeg rostomma goridan jari gagzavna da `skras
zeiTi saciciano daarbevina~. man goridanve gaugzavna Sahs we-
rili, romelSic Tavis memkvidred biZaSvilisSvilis luar-
sabis daniSvnas sTxovda. luarsabma goris cixidan zarbaznebi
Camoatanina da zovreTis cixes alya Semoartya, sadac nodar
ciciSvili iyo gamagrebuli. nodari danebda. man rostoms
1 iqve, gv. 245.

2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 248; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv.
422.
106
Tavis deda miugzavna da `gaclis gza sTxova~. mefem samcxeSi
wasvlis neba darTo. rostomma SeTqmulebis sxva wevrebzec
iZia Suri. aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebi da ioTam amilaxvari
axalgorSi gaanadgura, gorSi mobrunda da mTeli zamTari aq
gaatara1.
rostomma gorSi miiRo Sahisgan gamogzavnili xalaTi da
pasuxi Tavis Txovnaze: `Senis biZaSvilis Teimuraz mirzis Svi-
li luarsab SenTvis Svilad geTxovnao, gamogvigzavniao da
qarTvelTaTvis gvibrZanebiao, rom ufliswulaT da Tqvenad
Svilad miaCndeso da Tqvens ukan qarTlis mefoba magisTvis
migvicemiao~2.
1642 w. ufro seriozuli SeTqmuleba moewyo, rac farsadan
gorgijaniZis TqmiT, Sahis mier rostomis memkvidred luar-
sabis daniSvnam gamoiwvia. Tavadebs kvlav Teimurazis dabrune-
ba surdaT qarTlis taxtze. SeTqmulebaSi monawileobdnen:
Teimuraz I, zaal erisTavi, somxeTis meliqi yorxmazbegi da
sxv. SeTqmulebi giorgi goCaSvils agulianebdnen, rom rogorc
samefo gvaris STamomavals, taxti mas ekuTvnoda. sinamdvileSi,
rogorc farsadan gorgijaniZe ambobs, taxti Teimuraz I-saTvis
undodaTo.
SeTqmulTa gegmiT, Teimurazi mcire jariT mividoda me-
texs, cxireTSi myofi rostomi cixidan gamovidoda da
Teimurazs Seebmeboda. am ukanasknels axlomaxlos dabanakebu-
li momxreni wamoeSvelebodnen da rostoms brZolaSi mok-
lavdnen, `rom samartoT aravis daebraloso~3.
somxeTis meliqma icoda, rom Sahi rostomis daRupvas arav-
is apatiebda da SeTqmuleba gasca. beri egnataSvilis Tanaxmad,
muxranis batonma vaxtangma acnoba rostoms SeTqmulebis
Sesaxeb. vaxtang muxranbatoni, rogorc Cans, qarTlis feoda-
lebisa da Teimurazis urTierTobas Tvalyurs adevnebda da
mopovebul informacias rostom mefes awvdida. rostomi gorSi
iyo. qarTlis Tavadebma misi sawinaaRmdego SeTqmuleba moaw-
yves da Teimurazi moiwvies. àmisi msmeneli Teimuraz ra war-
moemarTa, ese auwya rostom mefesa vaxtang muxranis batonma da
1 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 248-250.

2 iqve, 250.
107
mswrafl Sevida rostom goris cixesa Sina~. amgvarad vaxtangma
rostom mefe gadaarCina. ufro metic, kaxeTisaken mimaval
Teimurazs muxranis batoni daewia da àvno didi~.
farsadan gorgijaniZe wers: muxranis batonma SeTqmulTa
meTaurebis mier misTvis gagzavnili werilebi rostoms
gadasca. imave Rames, roca Teimurazi metexs mivida, rostomi
gorSi gamagrda. `maSin dedofali waravlina goris cixeSia da
TÂTca ukan Camoudga da mividnen goris cixeSia da mun
gamagrden~1. Teimurazi metexidan gors mivida, magram mixvda,
rom SeTqmuleba gacemuli iyo da kaxeTs gabrunda. rostomi
sastikad gausworda SeTqmulebs. gorSi dasajes giorgi
goCasSvili da zurab saakaZe _ orives Tvalebi daTxares. amis
Semdeg mefe TbilisSi wavida2. SeTqmulebis zogma monawilem
gaqceviT uSvela Tavs, zogi ki sikvdiliT dasajes.
gorSi gardaicvala mariam dedoflis vaJi pirveli qmrisa-
gan (gurielisagan) otia. otia zaal erisTavis siZe iyo, ros-
tom mefes igi uyvarda da sakuTari SviliviT zrdida. `Seiqmna
didi glova, tirili Tormets dRes. iqve gors iyo zariT
tirili~. farsadan gorgijaniZe sakmaod detalurad da
xatovnad gadmogvcems otias datirebas da glovas. Tormeti
dRis Semdeg otia goridan mcxeTas waasvenes da iq dakrZales3.
rostomi Rrmad moxucebuli ganagebda qarTls. erTxel
ispaanSi xma gavrcelda; `rostom mefe gors miicvalao~. sinam-
dvilis dasadgenad Sahma farsadan gorgijaniZe gamogzavna
saqarTveloSi. farsadanma avadmyofi mefe TbilisSi naxa. ros-
tomma farsadans garkveuli davaleba misca. amis Semdeg far-
sadani Tavis mSobliur qalaq gorSi mivida, sadac im dros
odiSis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT mariam dedofali imyofeboda4.
rostom mefe gardaicvala 1658 w. misi mefobis periodze
saubris dasasruls, isic unda iTqvas, rom man gori ara mxo-
1 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv, 250; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv.

422-423; saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 321-322.
2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 251-252
3 iqve, 267-268.
4 feSangi, Sahnavaziani / g. leoniZisa da s. iordaniSvilis redaqciiT,
Tb., 1936.
108
lod qarTlis erT-erT uZlieres cixesimagred gadaaqcia,
qalaqi gaamSveniera kidec.
rostomis gardacvalebis Semdeg gamefda bagrationis gver-
diTi Stos, muxranbatonebis warmomadgeneli vaxtnag V, Sahna-
vazad wodebuli.
vaxtang V-is mefobis periodidan (1658-1675) gorze uaRresad
mcire cnobebi gagvaCnia. mxolod is viciT rom, rodesac man
1661 w. Tavisi vaJi arCili imereTSi gaamefa, qarTlSi dabru-
nebis Semdeg gorSi movida. cnobili goreli poeti feSangi
xiTariSvili, vaxtang V-is Tanamedrove, Tavis istoriul poe-
maSi `Sahnavaziani~, gvamcnobs, rom mefes gorSi miegeba dedo-
fali mariami. vaxtangma gorSi moiyvana mis mierve damarc-
xebuli da gandevnili vamiy dadianis colSvili. mariam dedo-
fals warudgines vamiyis coli elene da misi qali. feSangis
TqmiT, vaxtang mefis ojaxi gorSi iseTi saukeTeso pirobebSi
cxovrobda, rom amis mnaxvel vamiyis meuRles, elenes, tirili
auvarda. mariamma gaamxneva elene, tanisamosiT daasaCuqra,
calke saxlSi daabinava da moaxlenic miuCina1.
1690 w. ruseTidan dabrunebulma arCil II-m, romelic adrec
cdilobda imereTis taxtze gantkicebas, osmalTa jarze dayr-
dnobiTa da imereTis Tavadebis mxardaWeriT mefe aleqsandre
IV gandevna. imave wlis agvistoSi aleqsandre qarTlSi gadmo-
vida da wediss gaCerda. qarTlidan gaZevebulma giorgi XI-m,
romelic imereTSi afarebda Tavs da aleqsandres mteri iyo,
wedisze Tavdasxma scada, magram beJan saakaZem aleqsandres
acnoba mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb da is `mswrafl Seiv-
lto cixesa Sina gors~2.
aleqsandres qarTlSi gadmosvlisa da imereTSi arCilis
gamefebis Sesaxeb erekle I-ma Sahs acnoba. Sahma Seafasa ra
imereTSi Seqmnili viTareba (arCili osmalebis daxmarebiT
ikavebs imereTis taxts, imave imereTSi TavSefarebulia qar-
Tlidan gaZevebuli giorgi XI, romelsac kavSiri aqvs osma-
leTTan), erekles ubrZana àleqsandre mefes kargad Ãeli
Seuwyveo da kargad daxvdio~3, aleqsandres ki gamougzavna
1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 466, gv. 854.

3 iqve, 281.
109
Zvirfasi saCuqrebi: samefo gvirgvini, oqros qamari, oqroTi
Sekazmuli cxeni da Zvirfasi qsovilebi. amis Semdeg erekle
`didis didebiTa da morTviTa da saqarTvelos jariT muxranis
gziT gors wabrZanda mefis aleqsandres sanaxavaT~. aleq-
sandre erekles gamoegeba da erTad Sevidnen gorSi, èrekle
mefis sadgoms Camoxtnes da im dRes didi lxini gadaixades~1.
meore dRes ereklem stumars oqro-vercxlis WurWeli, oqros
da vercxlis lagam-unagiriT dakazmuli bedaurebi, siasamu-
riTa da Zvirfasi qsovilebiT Sekazmuli tansacmeli, `fluri2
da TeTri~3 miarTva. Semdeg dResac ilxines, xolo meoTxe dRes
erekle I nazaralixani TbilisSi dabrunda, aleqsandre IV
gorSi darCa4.
arCilis mowinaaRmdegebma dainaxes ra Sahi da erekle aleq-
sandres mfarvelobdnen, aleqsandres mociquli da `gulis
Sesajereli saficrebi gaugzavnes~ da imereTSi dabruneba
urCies. man saswrafod datova gori5 da 1690 wlis zamTarSi6
quTaisis maxloblad SeebrZola arCils, `magram amayobiT da
ymaTa muxanaTobiT mefe aleqsandres daumarcxda da iqiv gors
dabrunda~7, saidanac SemdegSi Sahis brZanebiT, TbilisSi gada-
vida. Sahisave SuamdgomlobiT, osmaleTis sulTanma, romelic
manamde arCils mfarvelobda, imereTis taxti aleqsandres
daubruna. arCilis momxre giorgi XI axalcixeSi osmalebma
Seipyres, magram gaiqca da qarTlSi gadmovida. erekle I-is
1 iqve.
2 fluri _ veneciuri oqros dukatis aRmniSvneli termini. warmoiSva
florenciis oqros monetis florinis saxelowodebisagan. am
terminma Semdeg dakarga Tavisi pirvandeli mniSvneloba da duka-
tis wonis oqros monetas aRniSnavda. ix. qebulaZe r., evropuli mo-
netebis mimoqceva saqarTveloSi XV-XVIII saukuneebSi, Tb., 1971, gv.
13, 17.
3 TeTri _ oqros, vercxlisa da spilenZis qarTuli fuli.
4 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 281-282; gvritiSvili d., narkve-
vebi saqarTvelos istoriidan, II, gv. 469-470.
7 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 285; ix. agreTve, qarTlis
cxovreba, IV, gv. 853; gvritiSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos is
toriidan, II, gv. 470.
110
politikiT ukmayofilo qarTlis Tavadebma _ erisTavma, cici
ciciSvilma, Tamaz baraTaSvilma da beJan saakaZem (cici
ciciSvili da beJan saakaZe SemdegSi RalatSi amxiles da
giorgis brZanebiT cici daaxrCves, beJans Tvalebi daTxares)1
giorgis dauWires mxari.
anduyafar amilaxvris Svilebma, ioTamma da avTandilma,
rodesac giorgi XI-is qarTlSi gadmosvlis ambavi gaiges,
Sahisa da erekles mimarT erTguleba SeinarCunes. ioTami
`dediTa, jalabobriv da msaxur-aznauriSviliT~ goris cixeSi
Caiketa da iqidan ibrZoda. misi Zma avTandili, erekles eSika-
RasbaSi (sasaxlis mTavari gamrige, administraciuli aparatis
xelmZRvaneli) Tbilisis cixeSi Tavis `jalabobriv~ mxarSi
edga erekles2. anduyafar amilaxvris Zma givi `da misi Zmebi da
Zmiswulebi maTis SvilebiT bedniers yaens ukuudgnen da
giorgi mefes miuvidnen da bedniers yaenzedan da Cvenzedan
didad orgulad da damnaSaved darCnen~ _ wers erekle I3.
amilaxvarTa saxlis gaTiSva qarTlSi ormefobis dros imis
saintereso magaliTia, Tu rogor gaiyo qarTuli feodaluri
sazogadoeba orad4. zogi giorgi XI-s uWerda mxars, zogi
erekle I-s.
giorgi mefe, marTalia, qarTlis did nawils swrafad
daepatrona, magram misi mdgomareoba myari ver iqneboda vidre
gori erekles momxreTa xelSi iyo. man samjer scada goris
cixis aReba, magram uSedegod5.
farsadan gorgijaniZis gadmocemiT, erekles goris minbaSis
(cixisTavi) Zmis mier TbilisSi mitanili ambavi SahisaTvis
miuweria: `giorgi mefemano, goris cixes yvelgniT gzebi
Seukrao da saWmels veRargniT Semoitanebeno~6. alya 2 weli-
wadnaxevars gagrZelda7, albaT, drois garkveuli interva-
lebiT. amas mafiqrebinebs vaxuSti batoniSvilis erTi cnoba,

2 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 356.
3 iqve, gv. 356.
111
saidanac Cans, rom ioTam amilaxvari cixidan gamoxdomebs
axdenda da giorgi XI-is momxreT mamulebs iklebda. ioTamis
aseTi moqmedeba rom aRekveTa, giorgi XI-m erTxel Tavisi
Zmiswuli qaixosro gamogzavna, romelmac alya Semoartya
gors1. `qarTl-kaxeTis XVII-XVIII ss. qronikebis~ mixedviT, `1694
w. goris garSemo soflebs aoxrebda ioTam amilaxori; giorgi
mefem miusia Zmiswuli vaxtang levanis Ze jariT~2. es TariRi
swori ar unda iyos. rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT erekle I-is
mier 1692 w. dekemberSi ioTam amilaxvris saxelze gacemuli
sigelidan, am dokumentis daweris dros ioTami goris cixidan
ukve gamosuli iyo.
erekle I 1695 wlis Teberval-martSi ioTam amilaxvaris
saxelze gacemul sigelSi gadmogvcems alyaSi moqceuli go-
ris cixis damcvelTa mdgomareobas. vfiqrob, sigelSi aRweri-
li unda iyos giorgi mefis mier goris cixisTavis mesamed
Semortymuli alya. radgan gagviWirdeba ambis ise xatovnad
gadmocema, rogorc sigelSia, amitom mTlianad moviyvan mas. `q.
Cven, mefeT-mefeman patronman nazaralixan, ese wigni giboZeT
Tqven, amilaxors ioTams ase, rom bednieris yaenis orgulni
qarTvelni rom Cven ukugvidgnen da giorgi mefe qarTlSi
sabatonod gadmoiyvanes, Cven bednieris yaenis erdgulobi-
saTvis qalaqis (Tbilisi _ e. m.) cixeSi SemovediT da Tqveni
Zma avTandil jalabobriv Tan Semogvyva da Tqven bednieris
yaenisa da Cveni erdgulobisaTvis jalabobriv dediT da
msaxurT-aznauriSviliT goris cixeSi SexvediT3 da samjer
giorgi mefe da qarTvelni Seyrilni mogixdnen da cixidame
ebrZoleT da Tqven gaimarjveT da gamoabrunveT. merme garSemo-
gadgnen da cixes wylebi mouWres da aRarc azuRa (sursaT-
sanovage _ e. m.) SemouSves da cixisgarSemo raRac wylis gubi
da yarasu (dampali wyali _ e. m.) SegrComodaT, isic mZoriTa
da ZaRlis sisxliT wagibilwes. ori weliwadi da naxevari
amisTanis gansacdelis saqmiTa da sarjliTa cixis simagres da

2 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 44.
3 ioTam amilaxvris momxre iyo farsadan sumbataSvili, romelic ase-
ve colSviliTurT Seixizna goris cixeSi. masalebi saqarTvelos
istoriuli geografiisa da toponimikisaTvis, gv. 63.
112
Cvens erTgulebas ecadeniT da dedaTqveni da zogni msaxuraz-
nauriSvilni da mxlebelni cixeSi dagexocnen, imaTi miwaT
miReba ar moxdeboda da gareT xom ar gamogesvlebodaT. cixe-
sac azuRa mwved Semoaklda da mibaSi (cixisTavi _ e. m.) da
TaTrebic didad SeRondnen. Tqven da mibaSma Cven da
beglarbegs abuzyulixans bevrjel jari da qomagi (daxmareba,
meSveli jari _ e. m.) gvTxoeT. Cven xom jari ar gvyavda da
beglarbegs mec bevrjel veuben da ar iqna, TqvenTvis jari ver
gamovagzavnine. is muxanaTi beglarbegi Turme yaenis orguli
iyo da yaenis orgulobisaken iyo da aras Tavs Seidva da arc
jari mogaSvela. amasobaSi Sen didad SegaRones da Tu kidev
cixeSi xani dageyo, cixis azuRac daileoda da cixis aReba
SimSiliT moxdeboda. mibaSsac TqvenTvis wigni moeca, rome
Seni wasvla sjobso, cixis simagrec ufro moxdebao. Cvenc ase
dasturi dageciT, rome radgan yaenis erdgulobas da Cvens
samsaxurs garedamac ukeT ecdebi da kidev bednierisa... yaenisa
da Cveni erdguli... da Tqveni gamosvla cixesac ujobs, Cvenc...
da bednieris yaenis Tavis mzeman... Tqvens Zmas eSikaRasbaSs1
aras gisayvedurebT.
q. Tu amas ukanac bednieris yaenis samsaxurs moudgebiT da
ecdebiT, es ase dagvimtkicebia~2.
giorgi XI-m ver SeZlo goris cixis aReba. rodesac cixis
damcvelebma Sahisa da ereklesagan daxmarebis imedi dakarges,
goris `Tavni da ufrosni kacni ZRvniT giorgi mefesTan mivid-
neso da asre moaxseneso: cixis aReba ar SegiZliaTo da isrev
yaeni gajobebso da Tqven orgulad darCebiTo, qarTli ÃelT
giWiravso, cixis brZolas daexseno~3. giorgi iZulebuli gaxda
mdgomareobas Segueboda da gors gaecala.
erekle mefem jerovnad daufasa erTguleba ioTam da
avTandil amilaxvrebs. 1692 w. dekembris `damdegs~ gacemul
sigelSi erekle ambobs: `...ese amierTagan ukunisamde JamTa da
xanTa gasaTavebeli, mtkice da ucvalebeli, sabolood gamosa-
degi fici, piri da wyalobis wigni SegiwyaleT da giboZeT
1 sasaxlis mTavari gamrige, administraciuli aparatis xelmZRvaneli,

adrindeli manduturTuxucesi.
2 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 368-369.
3 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 292-293.
113
Tqven, Cvensa erTgulTa da wesisamebr TavdadebiT mravalfe-
rovnad namsaxurTa da Cvenis morWma-didebis TavgadadebiT
mdgomTa da mowadineTa anduyafar amilaxoris Svils ioTams
da Zmas Tqvensa Cvens eSikaRasbaSs avTandils da SvilTa
Tqvensa daviTs, zurabs da vaxtangs, SvilTa da momavalTa
Tquensa yovelTaTvis~.
sigelidan irkveva, rom ìm givs amilaxors da mis Zmebs da
Zmiswulebs giorgi mefisagan da qarTvelTagan aseTi saficari
aeRoT, rom Tu imaTY SesZlebodaT rame da qarTli daeWiraT,
Tqven saamilaxvroSi aRar SeeSviT da aRarc Tqvenis mamulis
wili moecaT~1. ereklem axla, mowinaaRmdegeTa ganzraxvis
sapirispirod, ioTami aRazeva da amilaxvroba, zemo qarTlis
sardloba da goris mouravoba mas uboZa. masve uboZa Seris-
xuli givi amilaxvris mamulebi `mTiT baramdi~2. erekle ioTams
dapirda, agreTve, rom Sahis winaSe uSuamdgomlebda, raTa
misTvis daemtkicebina mis `mama-papaT rom bednieris yaenisagan
asi Tumani jamagiri hqonebiaT~. ereklem dapireba Seasrula.
1698 w. ianvarSi Sah huseinis firmaniT ioTam amilaxvars
marTlac daeniSna 100 Tavrizuli Tumani, ereklem ioTams
uboZa, agreTve, mamulebi fxvenisSi3.
erekle I-ma, yizilbaSTa samxedro Zalaze dayrdnobiT, Ca-
aqro qarTlSi antiiranuli ajanyeba da mowinaaRmdegeTa
angariSsworebas Seudga. erekle da yizilbaSTa jaris sarda-
li qalbali-xani gorSi mividnen, `waravlines da moarbives
romelnime zena dabnebi~4. maT gorSive daibares `qarTlelebi~
da erTgulebis fici daadebines5.
giorgi XI-s qarTlSi aRar edgomeboda da imereTSi gada-
vida, sadac kvlav gamefda. giorgim Tavis Zmiswuli SahTan
gagzavna. ereklem da qalbali-xanma qaixosros misiis Sesaxeb

2 goris cixe jer kidev alyaSi iyo, roca misi damcvelebi Teimu-
razs ioTamis gaamilaxvrebas sTxovdnen. farsadan gorgijaniZis is-
toria, gv. 293.
3 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 356
5 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa. qarTlis cxovreba, II, Cubi-
naSvilis gamocema, sankt-peterburgi, 1854, gv. 312.
114
gorSi gaiges da qaixosros ciciSvili miugzavnes, romelmac
xelSeuxeblobis garantia misca da mosalaparakeblad gorSi
miiwvia. qaixosro gorSi mivida, magram cnobili araa, Tu raze
moilaparakes. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom ereklem da qalbali-
xanma moiwones giorgis ganzraxva iranSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb,
radgan Tavidan moiSorebdnen Seupovar metoqes. albaT, maT es
acnobes Sahs goridan gagzavnili Sikrikis saSualebiT1.
amgvarad, qarTlis brZola damoukidebobisaTvis, romelsac
giorgi XI meTaurobda, marcxiT damTavrda. erekle, yizil-
baSebze dayrdnobiT, yizilbaSur wesrigs da Zaladobas nerga-
vda. igi qarTlis feodaluri sazogadoebis zizRs grZnobda
da qarTlidan wasvla undoda. Sahma erTdroulad ori taxtis
maZieblis guli moigo _ qarTli giorgi XI-s misca, kaxeTi ki
erekle I-s, magram verc erTi eRirsa danapirebs. orive saqarT-
velodan Sors gardaicvala.
gori XVIII s. pirvel meoTxedSi
giorgi XI-is sicocxleSive, 1703 wlidan, qarTlis mefis

moadgiled (janiSinad) dainiSna misi Zmiswuli vaxtang levanis
Ze (1703-1714), romelic SemdegSi qarTlis mefe gaxda vaxtang VI-
is saxeliT (1713-1724).
vaxtang VI-m mTeli rigi administraciuli da samxedro Ro-
nisZiebebiT ganamtkica samefo xelisufleba.
vaxtangis drosac gori rCeboda erT-erT umniSvnelovanes
cixe-qalaqad, sadac igi `Semodgoma-gazafxuls~ nadimobasa da
nadirobaSi atarebda2. saerTod, rogorc XVIII saukunis pir-
veli meoTxedis wyaroebidan Cans, gori vaxtangis da misi
ojaxis samyofeli iyo. es, albaT, imanac ganapiroba, rom Tbi-
lisSi jer kidev yizilbaSTa garnizoni idga. maTTan siaxlove
arc sasiamovno da arc uxifaTo unda yofiliyo.
janiSinma gori urCi osebisa da dvalebis winaaRmdeg
brZolisaTvis dasayrdenad gadaaqcia. man 1711 w. gailaSqra
oseTze, sadac 80 koSki daangria, urCni daatyveva. dvaleTi
daipyro da xarki daakisra. vaxtangi gorSi amuSavebda samefos
1 iqve.
115
Semomtkicebis gegmebs. `gors mdgomi iSuebda sxvasa ganm-
zraxi~1.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi feodaluri SinabrZola mimdina-
reobda. samegrelos, guriisa da afxazeTis mTavrebi mefes ar
emorCilebodnen da damoukidebel saSinao da sagareo poli-
tikas atarebdnen. areuloba sufevda imereTis mefis sam-
flobeloebSic. mefis xelisuflebas eurCebodnen imereli
Tavadebi, gansakuTrebiT raWis erisTavi da abaSiZe TviTnebob-
dnen. imereTis samefoSi Seqmnili viTareba vaxtangs iqaur
saqmeebSi Carevis saSualebas aZlevda. 1711 w. TavadTa erTma
jgufma taxtidan Camoagdo arapopularuli mefe giorgi VI da
guriis mTavari mamia III gaamefa. vaxtang VI mxars uWerda
giorgis. `xolo giorgi ver winaaRmdgomi warvida qarTls.
istumra vaxtang gors da pativ-sca~2.
rogorc Cans, qarTlis mefes undoda mefe giorgi da zurab
abaSiZe Seerigebina, magram giorgi Tavis Zvel mters ar
endoboda. `giorgi mefeman gors moiTxova vaxtangisagan
abaSiZe, raTa misces mesisxle TÂsi~. vaxtangis zegavleniT
zurab abaSiZem Tavis Ze da asuli misca giorgi VI-s da
`vaxtang zav-hyo maT Soris~3.
1711 w. avRanelebTan brZolaSi daiRupa qarTlis mefe
qaixosro. amis Sesaxeb gorSi gaiges imave wlis 24 dekembers4.
vaxtangma dedofali rusudani da ufliswuli gorSi datova,
qarTlis gamgebloba Tavis umcros Zmas svimons Caabara5,
mdivanbeg barZim erisTavis asul guqaze daaqorwina6 da
TbilisSi wavida7. man SahTan kaci gagzavna da SeuTvala: mTeli
Cemi modgma Sen samsaxurSi amowyda da mec minda SenTvis Tavi
1 iqve, gv. 491.

2 iqve, gv. 870.
3 iqve, gv. 868.
4 dadiani n., qarTvelT cxovreba, Tb., 1962, gv. 171.
5 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 326.
III, gv. 43; saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, 48; qarTlis cxovreba,
II, gv. 496.
7 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 326; qronikebi da sxva
masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, III, gv. 43.
116
davdo. kmayofilma Sahma wyalobis sigeli da mehmandari (mes-
tumreTuxucesi) gamougzavna1.
1712 wlis 28 Tebervals vaxtnag VI 300 kaciani amaliT
ispaans wavida. imave wlis 2 agvistos gorSi daibada vaxtangis
Ze, batoniSvili giorgi2.
imis gamo, rom vaxtangma, Tavdapirvelad, rjulis Secvlaze
uari ganacxada, Sahma is qirmanSi daatyveva, qarTli mis Zmas
iese ali yulixans gadasca (1712-1716). iesem Tavisi antiqarTuli
politikiT sayovelTao zizRi daimsaxura. ieses sawinaaRmdego
moZraobas saTaveSi Caudga vaxtangis ufrosi vaJi baqari. baqa-
risa da ieses brZolis dros, baqarma, rogorc maSindeli
zogierTi wyaros mixedviT SeiZleba vivaraduoT, Tavis Ziri-
Tad samyofelad gori gadaaqcia.
1712 w. mamia gurielma marcxi ganicada giorgi VI-Tan
brZolaSi. imereTidan gandevnilma mamiam baqars sTxova `raTa
misces gza~. baqari mas miegeba q. cxinvals da `didiTa
pativiTa wariyvana gors~. ar viciT ramden xans darCa mamia
gurieli gorSi, magram erTi ram cxadia, rom mamia maSinve ar
wasula. amaze migvaniSnebs vaxuSti batoniSvili, romelic
ambobs, rom gorSi yofnis dros mamias yvelaze metad
kaTalikosi domenti IV umaspinZlebdao: `garna ufrosad umas-
pinZlebda kaTalikozi domenti~. kaTalikosi mamias mosvlasTan
dakavSirebiT ki ar imyofeboda gorSi, aramed droebiT aq cxo-
vrobda. goridan mamia gurieli javaxeTSi wavida Tavis siZe
asan faSasTan, iqidan ki guriaSi gadavida3. rogorc Cans, dome-
nti, vaxtan VI-is sawinaaRmdego SeTqmulebaSi monawileobis ga-
mo, mcxeTidan gamoaZeves. janiSinma Seipyro domenti da gorSi
gaugzavna baqars `raTa aRmoÃados Tualni~. magram rusudan
dedofalma Seiwyala igi `da iyofda mas Tana pativiTa~4.

III, gv. 605; saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 48; qarTlis
cxovreba, II, gv. 492.
4 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 493; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis
urTierToba (XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), Tb., 1972, gv. 303-
304.
117
dedofali rusudani da batoniSvili baqari rom didi xani
cxovrobdnen gorSi, amaze miuTiTebs 1714 wlis 15 agvistos
Sedgenili `ganCineba kodis-liloelT sazRvrebis saqmeze~.
sabuTis Sinaarsidan Cans, rom dedofalTan da batoniSvilTan
gorSi modiodnen sxvadasxva sadavo sakiTxis gadasawyvetad1.
sabuTSi is periodi igulisxmeba, rodesac vaxtangi iranSi
wavida, magram iese aliyuli-xani qarTlSi jer ar mosula. iese
movida 1712 w. 20 oqtombers. ase rom zemodasaxelebul sabuTSi
1712 w. 28 Teber-vlidan 20 oqtombramde momxdari ambavi unda
iyos gadmocemuli, cnobilia, rom ieses gorSi misvlis Semdeg
dedofalma rusudanma qarTlSi darCena aRar ineba, batoni-
Svilebi baqari da giorgi waiyvana da raWaSi gadavida2, dome-
nti ki iesesTan gauSves. iesem igi kaTalikosad aRadgina3.
gorTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa is faqti, rom am qala-
qidan daiwyo sulxan-saba orbelianis mogzauroba evropaSi,
rac erTxel kidev migvaniSnebs goris did mniSvnelobaze XVIII
s. pirveli meoTxedis qarTlis samefoSi.
rogorc cnobilia, vaxtang VI 1712 w. 23 aprils irans gaemg-
zavra. mis amalaSi iyo sulxan-sabac. imave wlis dasasruls
vaxtangma Tavisi biZa da aRmzrdeli ukan daabruna. igi vaxtan-
gis ojaxTan dasaxlda gorSi, radgan iranSi gamgzavrebis win
vaxtangma `dedofali da Zeni TÂsni daadgina gors~4. mas, sava-
raudoa, vaxtangis miTiTebiT mfarveloba unda gaewia am
qalaqSi dasaxlebuli mefis ojaxisaTvis.
sulxan-sabas gorSi yofnis dros iranidan movida frangi
abati Jan riSari. is 1710 wlidan iranSi moRvaweobda ise
dauaxlovda vaxtangs, rom gaxda misi `mesaidumle, rogorc
safrangeTis elCis mociquli~5.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 258, # 178.

2 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 326; qarTlis cxovreba, II,
gv. 494.
4 qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 491.
5 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos politikuri
istoriidan. 1712-1745 // “mimomxilveli~, III, Tb., 1953, gv. 40.
118
1713 w. Sahma safrangeTis mefesTan werilis waReba riSars
daavala. vaxtangma am SemTxveviT isargebla da riSars sapa-
suxo werili gaatana imave mefesTan.
saeWvod mimaCnia, rom Jan riSaris safrangeTSi gamgzavreba
saqarTvlos gziT imiTi iyo ganpirobebuli, rom mas ganz-
raxuli hqonda Tan waeyvana sulxan-saba1. riSari am mizniT ar
unda misuliyo gorSi. ubralod, maSin SedarebiT uxifaTo iyo
saqarTvelos gza.
riSari Tbilisidan gors movida da aq Sexvda sulxan-sabas.
rogorc misive werilidan irkveva2, is gorSi mcire xans
gaCerda. isic irkveva, rom sulxan-saba da riSari pirvelad
gorSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs3. riSari ase gadmogvcems sulxan-
sabasTan Sexvedras: `ra gaviare gorSi, iq damxvda sulxan-saba,
biZa saqarTvelos mefis, ramdenime weliwadia rac monazonebis
samoseli Seimosa; monazonad Sedgomamde Tavis Zmebs dautova
erTi didi provincia, romelic misi sakuTreba iyo. amitom hyo,
raTa ufro advilad aRearebina kaTolike sarwmunoeba~4.
1713 w. 17 agvistos sulxan-saba Jan riSarTan erTad
goridan gaemgzavra evropaSi, magram raime realur warmatebas
ver miaRwia da 1716 wlis zafxulSi samSobloSi dabrunda.
1719 w. Sahma vaxtangs qarTlis mefoba uboZa da saqarTve-
loSi gamouSva. vaxtang mefe gorSi imyofeboda rodesac sul-
Tnis mociquli movida da acnoba, rom osmaleTi winaaRmdegi
ar iqneboda aleqsandres imereTSi gamefebisa, Tu vaxtangi
aqtiurad daexmareboda mas. vaxtangma batoniSvili vaxuSti
imereTSi gagzavna5. sabolood, imereTSi aleqsandre gamefda.
1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII saukunis
pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 147.
2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobis qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 312, 722;
tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII saukunis
pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 146.
3 i. tabaRuas azriT, sulxan-sabam da riSarma iranSi gaicnes erTma-
neTi. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII sau-
kunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 148.
4 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobis qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 312;
mciredi gansxvavebiT ix. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTi-
erToba (XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 146.
119
vaxtang VI-is damoukidebelma politikam da ruseTTan kon-
taqtebma iranTan urTierToba gaamwvava. Sah Tamaz II-em vaxta-
ngis dasja ganizraxa. amas daemata osmaleTis samzadisi qarT-
lSi salaSqrod. gamwvavda urTierToba vaxtangsa da kaxeTis
mefe konstantines Sorisac. es ukanaskneli iranisa da daRes-
tnelebis mxardaWeriT qarTlSi gamefebas cdilobda. qarTli
omis arenad gadaiqca. gansakuTrebiT kaxTbatoni aqtiurobda.
1723 wlis dasawyisSi konstantine (mamad yuli-xani)
qarTlSi SemoiWra da Tbiliss miadga. vaxtangma àhyara dedo-
fali da bargi mZime da gagzavna gorsa~1. Tavdapirvelad
konstantine Tbiliss ver daeufla, magram, roca mas lekis
jari mouvida, vaxtangma Tavdacva veRar SeZlo da `wabrZanda
gors, Ze misi baqar wavida duSeTs~2. vaxuSti batoniSvilis
mixedviT, baqaric gorSi misula3. vaxtangi mcire xans gaCerda
gorSi da cxinvalSi wavida da iq eloda Tavisi simamrisagan,
aragvis erisTav giorgisagan daxmarebas4. magram giorgi
erisTavma konstantines dauWira mxari.
vaxtangis TxovniT, osmalTa 20 aTasiani jari Semovida
qarTlSi da Tbiliss miadga. 1723 w. 10 ivniss konstantine Tavi-
si nebiT gamovida Tbilisidan, osmalebs miegeba da qalaqis
kliteni miarTva, 11 ivniss osmalebma Tbilisi daikaves, kons-
tantine Seipyres da baqars gadasces. baqarma konstantines
patiosani sityva CamoarTva, rom is qarTlis winaaRmdeg aRa-
rasodes aRar amxedrdeboda da gaaTavisufla.
gori òsmalobis~ periodSi
osmalo istorikosi Celebi-zade sakmaod dawvrilebiT

agviwers osmalTa moqmedebas Tbilisis dakavebis Semdeg. isini
ise iqceodnen, rogorc dapyrobil qveyanaSi. `vaxtangi iZule-
buli gaxda Tavisi mxedrebisaTvis euwyebina, rom moTminebiT
1 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 331; qronikebi da sxva

masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, III, gv. 88.
III, gv. 89.
120
gaqceuliyvnen goris cixisaken, romelic misi samflobelo
iyo... zemoxsenebuli vaxtangis ajanyeba iyo ubedurebis alamis
triali... zemoxsenebuli vaxtangis Zma iase xani damorCilebis
mizniT movida da sagangebod mowyobil samefo karavSi miiRes...
misi (vaxtangis) Svili Sahnavazic (baqari _ e.m.) movida da
morCilebis uReli daidga. mamamisis _ vaxtangis samflobelo-
Si iyo. goris cixis dasapyrobad da Casabareblad, romlis
WeSmaritebis gzaze dayeneba gadawyvetili hqonda osmaleTis
saxelmwifos, aucilebeli iyo garkveuli raodenobis kacis
gagzavna. ganapira mxareebis xsenebuli serasqeris aRaTagan
ali aRa Tavze xelaRebulTa razmiT xsenebuli cixisaken
gaigzavna, mgzavrobis dros vaxtangma ganacxada: mehmed yuli-
xanma icodes, rom me osmaleTis saxelmwifos davemorCilebi
da daveqvemdebarebi da goris cixes Cavabareb. vidre islamis
mimdevrebi ar Sesulan da ar dauflebian cixis kedlebs, eWvi
ar aris, rom umjobesia misi winaswar dapyroba da dakaveba~1.
vaxtangis rCeviT osmalebma goris cixis dasakaveblad
sakmaod didi jari gagzavnes. jari SuaRamisas mivida goris
midamoebSi. rogorc irkveva, goris cixis damcvelebs ukve
miRebuli hqondaT vaxtangis brZaneba osmalebisaTvis cixis
Cabarebis Sesaxeb. marTlac `cixis mcvelebma kari gaaRes da
maTi didebuli daxmarebiT xsenebuli cixe amrigad SeuerTda
sulTnis samflobelos~2.
osmalebi qarTls iklebdnen. vaxtangs qarTlSi aRar da-
edgomeboda da imereTSi wavida. mcire xnis Semdeg imereTSi
wavida baqaric. upatronod darCenil qarTls osmalebi apar-
taxebdnen. osmalebs ekavaT qarTlis yvela cixe, maT Soris,
goris cixec. gansakuTrebuli simkacriT gamoirCeoda qarTlis
gamgebeli rajab faSa.
kaxTbatonma konstantinem, rodesac vaxtangisa da baqaris
imereTSi wasvla Seityo, 1724 w. jari Sehyara da qarTlis
dasapyrobad wamovida. osmalebma Tavi Seafares goris cixes
1 Sengelia n., osmalo istorikosi Caleb-zade Tbilisisa da goris

cixeebis dapyrobis Sesaxeb // aRmosavluri filologia, III, Tb.,
1973, gv. 324-326.
2 iqve, gv. 326.
121
da omisaTvis mzadebas Seudgnen. osmalTa jars meTaurobdnen
vaxtang VI-is Zma iase da axalcixis faSa1.
konstantine goris maxloblad xelTubanSi dabanakda da
qarTlelebs dasaxmareblad mouxmo. iese tlaSaZe ase gadmog-
vcems qarTlelebis ganwyobilebas:
`guli ar gviTqvams omisa: me vici gamogvaqceven,
amogviwyveten laSqarsa, sisxlsa Rvarulad aqceven,
aaoxreben qveyanas, ar aSeneben aqceven,
Cven TuST ayola ras gvargebs, wavlen, zurg Semogvaqcev
en~2.
i. hameris mixedviT, konstantines sakmaod mravalricxovani
jari hyavda: 10 aTas qarTvelTan erTad iyvnen ganjis, SamSa-
dilus da lekTa razmebi3. varaudoben, rom aqve unda yofi-
liyvnen azerbaijanelebi da somxebi, radgan konstantine erev-
nis batonic iyo4.
konstantine Tavisi jariT 3 km-iT daSorebul `gors zeiT,
karaleTis pirispir, liaxÂs dasavliT, ruisis mTis Zirs~5
mdebare TedowmindaSi gadavida da iqidan scada gorze Seteva.
daviT guramiSvilis TqmiT, romelic mkvlevarTa azriT, am
ambebis mowme da monawile iyo, kaxelebma da qarTlelebma
èrTmaneTs misces pirebi, arCives: `goris cixesa gamouTxaroT
Zirebi~6.
osmalTa winaaRmdeg amxedrebulma qarTvelebma gorze Se-
teva daiwyes ori mxridan _ Crdilo aRmosavleTidan da
samxreT aRmosavleTidan saxeldobr, zedavelas mxridan7. Sete-
va daiwyo maSin, roca `dila da bindia~. isini, rogorc irkveva,
qalaqs daeuflnen, magram cixe ki ver daipyres, radgan igi
osmalebs Zlier gamagrebuli hqondaT. osmalebma moieriSeebs
artileriis cecxli Seagebes8. konstantines jari rom goris
1 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani / gamosacemad moamzada sol. YyubaneiSvilma,

Tb., 1962, gv. 31, str. 112-113.
2 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv, 34, str. 139.
3
Hammer I., Geschichte des osmanisches Reichs, IV, 1836, S. 223.
4 dondua v., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 122.
6 daviT guramiSvili, daviTiani, Tb., 1964, gv. 69-70.
7 dondua, v., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 121-122.
8 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv 34.
122
qalaqSi namdvilad Sevida, amaze migviTiTebs i. hameris erTi
cnoba: konstantines goreli somxebi gauSoltia, raTa `maT
simSvide daecvaT da iaraRi aeRoT osmalebis winaaRmdeg~1.
cixeSi gamagrebuli osmalebi sastik winaaRmdegobas swe-
vdnen. amas daemata isic, rom goris cixeSi myofi osmalebis
dasaxmareblad movida Sah Tamaz II-is winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli
mefe iese osmalTa jariT. konstantines jarma ukan daixia da
zedavelaze gaCerda. Tavdapirvelad warmateba qarTvelebis
mxares iyo. `maT Cvenma jarma ajoba pirvel misvlaze SeteviT~
_ ambobs d. guramiSvili2. magram amis Semdeg ganxeTqilebam
iCina Tavi. gaurkveveli mizeziT, jaris erTma nawilma, oTar
aragvis erisTavis winamZRolobiT, atenis xeobaSi daixia da
atenis bolos, saarwives qedTan, brZola gaumarTa osmalebs.
osmalTa jars meTaurobdnen `Tbilisis nacvali rejeb-faSa,
goris cixisTavi iusuf-faSa da Cildiris beglarbegi isay-
faSa~3. Tavdapirvelad aqac qarTvelebma imarjves da osmalebi
gaaqcies. magram iesem SeZlo osmalTa ukan mobruneba da axali
Seteva daiwyo. axla ukve qarTvelebi Sedrknen. qarTvelTa
damarcxebaSi garkveuli roli oTar aragvis erisTavis
simxdalem iTamaSa4. goris cixeSi myofma osmalebma dainaxes
ra gaqceuli qarTvelTa jari, cixis kari gaaRes da cxenosani
jari gamousies. datrialda saSineli tragedia. konstantine
gaiqca. umeTaurod darCenili qarTvelTa jaris didi nawili
osmalebma amowyvites.
`Tavebi dasWres, gavidnen, dayares moedanzeda,
mas gorelebma daxedes, xelsa icemen Tavzeda,
àmdenis kacis daxoca ar qmnila qveyanazeda,
amisi qmnelic minaxavs ver dajdomili taxtzeda!~5
osmalebma daRupuli qarTvelebis TavebiT jindadgmuli
xuTi uremi gaavses da erasti falavandiSvilma rajab faSas
TbilisSi miarTva, `romelman mosca ocdaaTi drahkani jil-
1
Hammer I., Geschichte des osmanisches Reichs, IV, S. 323;
2 daviT guramiSvili, daviTiani, gv. 70.
3
Hammer I., Geschichte des osmanisches Reichs, IV, S. 323; dondua, v., saistorio
Ziebani, III, gv. 123.
4 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv. 35.
5 iqve, gv. 37.
123
doT~1. konstantinem kvlav kaxeTs Seafara Tavi. misi ugunuri
moqmedebis Sedegad ki qarTli gaveranda.
ajanyebis Caqrobisa da ajanyebulTa didi nawilis amo-
wyvetis Semdeg sulTanma `Seiwyala~ gorisa da ardaSenis mo-
saxleoba da àpatia~ danaSauli. sulTnis es ganwyobileba
Cans rejeb faSas 1724 w. brZanebaSi, romelSic naTqvamia, rom
sulTnis brZanebis Tanaxmad, mustafa-faSam da ismail-faSam
aRar unda dasajon gorisa da ardaSenis ajanyebulni2.
givi amilaxvarma, romelic konstantines mxares ibrZoda,
alya gaarRvia da gaiqca, mas konstantine mihyva. umeTaurod
darCenili qarTuli jaris nawili, romlis umravlesobas
qveiTi glexoba Seadgenda, osmalebma amowyvites. givi amilax-
vari Tavidan myarad idga qarTvelobaze da konstantines os-
malTagan gandgomamde meTaurobda kidec TurqeTis winaaRmdeg
ajanyebas3, magram mis mier brZolis mitoveba erTi SexedviT,
TiTqos gaugebaria, magram osmalo mematianis monaTxrobis
gacnobis da sulTnis mier givi amilaxvris mimarT ajanyebis
damarcxebis damTavrebis Semdeg gaRebuli mowyalebiT yvela-
feri naTeli xdeba.
Turqi mematianis cnobiT, givi amilaxvama Turqebs qarT-
velTagan goris cixeze SesaZlo Setevis Sesaxeb Seatyobina:
àmilaxvris Svili begis azriT, TxovniTa da werilobiT mac-
neebi movidnen da... daxmareba iTxoves ...xval Tu ara zeg ci-
xes (goris cixes amboxebulebma – e. m.) alya unda Semoartya-
no~4. vaxuSti batoniSvilic mianiSnebs, rom ìvltoda givi
amilaxvari da warmoiyvana aman mahmad-yulixanio~5. Tu gurji
1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508; iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv. 37. 1721 w.
osmalebma qarTlSi mefoba gaauqmes da igi eqvs administraciul
erTeulad dayves, somxiT-sabaraTiano erasti yaflaniSvils gadas-
ces. qarTTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 510.
2 Sengelia n., XV-XIX saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriis osmaluri
wyaroebi, gv. 223.
3 natroSvili g. istoriul-literaturuli Ziebani, // Jurn. `mnaTobi~
1976 w. # 1, gv. 146-147.
4 gurji zade, Tbilisis dapyrobis wigni / Turquli teqsti qarTuli
TargmaniT, SesavliTa da SeniSvnebiT gamosca c. abulaZem. Tb., 1975,
gv. 36.
124
zades monaTxrobs gaviziarebT, maSin gasagebia, ratom uboZa
sulTanma givis 1724 wels sagangebo firmaniT `saxelo mamisa,
yma da mamuli~1.
konstantines mier brZolis velis mitovebam da kaxeTSi
dabrunebam osmalebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli qarTvelebi sabo-
lood welSi gatexa.
dapyrobil qarTlSi osmalebma Tbilisis vilaieTi da goris
sanjayi daarses. sulTanma Tbilisis vilaieTi sabeglar-begod
uboZa baqar vaxtangis Zes da ibrahimi uwodes. mas qarTlis
dapyrobili teritoriebi mudmiv da samemkvidreo mflobelobaSi
eZleoda. imave dros osmalebma qarTlSi daarses SariaTis sami
sasamarTlo sayado: Tbilisis, gorisa da TrialeTis.
sulTan ahmed III-is mier givi amilaxvrisaTvis micemul 1727
wlis firmanSi naTqvamia, rom is ìbrZoda da daxmarebas uwev-
da muslimebs. garda amisa, xsenebuli cixis rabaTis garSemo
sakuTari saxsrebiT Rrma da ganieri ormo gaTxara, did mdi-
naredan Sig wyali gaiyvana da gamagrebuli adgilebi simtki-
ciT srulyo. igia yvela sxva TavadTa Soris umamacesi da am
qveynis damorCilebisa da daqvemdebarebis mizezi da Rirseba~2.
sulTanma, zemoaRniSnuli damsaxurebisaTvis, givi amilax-
vars gamouyo oTxi sofeli: tbeTi, fxvenisi, qordi da bijnisi
52 060 axCa SemosavliT3.
osmalTa da yizilbaSTa TareSze aranakleb gamanadgu-
rebeli iyo lekianoba. daRestnelebi mTel aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos moednen da iklebdnen. isini osmalebsac ar epuebodnen.
1728 w. osmalebi goris cixeSi idgnen, magram maT lekebi
aviwroebdnen. aseTi oriode SemTxveva SeiZleba gavixsenoT.
aRniSnul wels goridan Tbiliss mimaval osmalebs niCbisis
bolos lekebi daxvdnen da maTi didi umravlesoba amowyvites.
lekebi samcxe-javaxeTsac ki iklebdnen4.
1 ioseliani avT., saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi. XVI-XIX ss. Tb.,

1980, gv. 57.
2 abulaZe c., osmalobis xanis sami Turquli firmani // aRmosavluri
filologia, III, Tb., 1973, gv. 296.
3 iqve, gv. 297.
4 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 512; saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv.
60.
125
1732 wels goris faSam lekTa alagmva ganizraxa, magram
lekebma is wromTan daamarcxes da TviTonac mokles. mxolod
givi amilaxvarma mejvrisxevTan àmowyvita lekni da daayrevina
tyve da naSovari~1. imave wlis ivlisSi lekebma aikles
qviSxeTi, aspinZa. axalqalaqSi misulma qarTlis gamgebelma
osman faSam jari gagzavna lekebis winaaRmdeg. am jars
SeuerTda avaliSvilis razmebic da lekebi daamarcxes.
damarcxebulma lekebma sacicianoSi gaiares, magram ikor-
TasTan dauxvdaT goris osmalTa jari, romelsac mieSvelnen
givi amilaxvari da Tbilisidan mosuli osman-faSa. Zalebis
amgvari mobilizebis Sedegad lekebi gaanadgures2.
lekTa Semosevebis mxolod is epizodebi davasaxele,
romlebic met-naklebad gors Seexo, Torem XVIII s. 20-30-ian
wlebSi qarTlma mravali Semoseva ganicada.
goris komendantis, mehmedis 1732 w. erT-erT werilSi naT-
qvamia, rom ukve ramdenime welia, rac lekebis brboebi Semo-
dian da Raribi reaias Svilebi tyved mihyavT, itaceben glexTa
qonebas, anadgureben soflebs. lekTa TareSiT Sewuxebul
adgilobriv mosaxleobas TxovniT miumarTavs osmalo moxelee-
bisaTvis. aseTi Txovnis safuZvelze goris yadma goris komen-
dants daavala Seedgina razmi 30 mxedrisagan, gorisa da misi
midamoebis dasacavad. TiToeul mxedars Tviurad daeniSna
xuTi yuruSi3.
goris cixis mcvelis mirmiran omerisadmi 1732 w. gacemuli
firmanidan vigebT, rom rabaTis qeTxudas _ farsadans goris
garSemo sayaraulo samsaxurisaTvis daeniSna dRiurad 30 axCa,
xolo mis amalaSi myof 40 kacs dReSi xuT-xuTi axCa4.
qarTlis patriotebi xedavdnen, rom qveyana iRupeboda. sa-
Wiro iyo gadamwyveti RonisZiebis gatareba. osmaleTis da-
sustebis gamo qarTlis gaTavisufleba realurad SesaZlebeli
iyo da ruseTSi gadaxvewili vaxtang VI-is mowveva ganizraxes.
1 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 62; saqarTvelos cxovreba

sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 336.
3 Sengelia n., XV-XIX saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriis osmaluri
wyaroebi, gv. 234.
4 iqve, gv. 234.
126
osmalTa saqarTvelodan garekvis imeds isic iZleoda, rom am
dros kvlav gaZlierda irani da aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi
osmalTa garnizonebs Seutia.
1734 w. qarTlSi antiosmaluri ajanyeba daiwyo, Tbilisis
midamoebSi myofi osmalebi amowyvites, givi amilaxvari `Seet-
yua goris cixes osmalTa da mosrna igini da daipyra cixe~1.
rogor `Seetyua~ givi amilaxvari goris cixes, amaze dawv-
rilebiT mogviTxrobs sexnia CxeiZe: àmave qoronikonsa
Rvinobis Tves (1735 w. oqtomberi _ e. m.) Semoadga Tamaz xan
cixesa ganjisasa, mouvida qarTvelT brZaneba da aSla urumTa,
daiwyes brZola, Seyara jari amilaxorma givma, movida berbuks
RamiT, daiqveiTa TviTon da muxranis batonma mamukam, gorelT
misces piroba, Sevidnen RamiT da daimala jari sasaxleSia,
vera igrZnes urumT, cixeSi miuCines oTxi gamoCenili vaJkaci,
misces saboZvari, viTarca urumni xeebsa zidaven, vica autan-
daT aras ukiTxevdnen. gaTenda, am oTxma kacma Seidves Zelebi
mxareTa, iyo niSani amaTi, rom cixis karze erTi iqiT daudvan,
erTi aqaT, rom cixis kari veRar mougdon. gaaRes kari cixisa
da gamovidnen cixidan urumni, Camovidnen qalaqsa gorisasa,
aitanes Zelebi da daagdes karTa zeda: idroes, gamovida dama-
luli jari, Turme yaraulma igrZna, moaswres kari qveiTa
galavnisa, Seiqmna cema gorSi. am oTxma kacma gaikra satevars
xeli, Turme damaluli hqondaT. Seuxden cixeSi, mokles erTi
urumi, mouxden engiCar aRas, dasWres: gamovidnen mSvidobiT.
Camovidnen karsa galavanisasa, mokles mcveli karisa, dalewes
kliteni, gamovidnen uzianod da vinca cixidam urumni gamovi-
dnen amoswyvites, daiWires~2.
givi amilaxvarma goris cixeSi jari Caayena. gamarjvebis
macned man Sahis sardalTan kaci gagzavna da osmalTa mokve-
Tili Tavebi gaatana. mcire xnis Semdeg givim da yizilbaSebma
Tbilisis gaTavisufleba scades, magram damarcxdnen. givi
1 sxva wyaroSi goris gaTavisufleba 1735 wliT aris daTariRebuli

da naTqvamia Semdegi: `givma amilaxorma Semoiyara rCeulni
vaJkacni da movida Rame berbuqs, aqedan ezraxa gorelebsa, Seuxda
goris cixeSi da urumTa jari amowyvita~. saqarTvelos cxovreba
sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 438.
127
gorSi dabrunda da aqedan Tavs esxmoda borjomis xeobasa da
axalcixeSi mokalaTebul osmalebs1.
iranis mTavrobam qarTlSi Seqmnili viTareba xelsayrelad
CaTvala da xanjalxani gamogzavna jariT. mas mxarSi amoud-
gnen qarTvelebi da erToblivi brZola gaaCaRes osmalebis
winaaRmdeg. roca osmalebma marcxi ganicades erevnis maxlo-
blad, es imdenad seriozuli dartyma iyo, rom maT Tbilisi,
lore, ganja da erevani ubrZolvelad daTmes.
osmalobis Sedgebi
vaxtang VI-is damoukidebelma saSinao da sagareo

politikam gaamwvava qarTlis samefos urTierToba mezobel
saxelmwifoebTan. irani da osmaleTi qarTlis samefoze Tav-
dasxmisaTvis emzadebodnen. gamwvavda urTierToba kaxeTis
samefosTanac. kaxeTis mefe konstantine iranisa da, rogorc
aRiniSna, daRestnelebis mxardaWeriT qarTlis daWeras cdi-
lobda da 1723 wlis dasawyisSi Tbilissac ki daeufla2.
vaxtang mefis TxovniT, osmalTa 20 aTasiani jari qarTlSi
Semovida da Tbiliss miadga. 10 ivniss konstantine Tbilisidan
gamovida da jaris meTaurs qalaqis kliteni miarTva. meore
dRes osmalebi qalaqSi Sevidnen, konstantine Seipyres da
qarTlis gamgebloba vaxtang VI-is Zes baqars gadasces. am
ukanasknelma konstantines patiosani sityva CamoarTva, rom is
qarTlis winaaRmdeg aRar amxedrdeboda da amis Semdeg gaa-
Tavisufla.
vaxtangis daxmarebiT osmalebma gori ubrZolvelad aiRes.
amis Semdeg isini qarTlis gapartaxebas Seudgnen. vaxtang
mefes qarTlSi aRar edgomoboda. igi jer imereTSi gadavida,
Semdeg ruseTs miaSura.
osmalebma qarTlSi SariaTis sami sasamarTlo sayado da-
arses: Tbilisis, gorisa da TrialeTis.
1 iqve.
2
vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., kaTalikos domenti IV-is por-
tretisaTvis // macne, iaexis, #2, 2017.
128
1728 wels osmalo xelisuflebam Seadgina `Tbilisis vi-
laieTis didi davTari~1. saidanac Cans, rom osmalebma mokle
droSi SeZles qarTlSi TavianTi sagadasaxado sistemis
damkvidreba. dokumenti XVIII saukunis òsmalobis~ periodis
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos istoriis uaRresad saintereso
wyaroa. masSi mocemulia sruliad axali masala aRniSnuli
periodis saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri, politikuri,
kulturuli, onomastikuri, istoriuli geografiis rigi
sakiTxebis axleburad gaazrebisa da dazustebisaTvis. aris
saintereso cnobebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnikuri da
demografiuli viTarebis Sesaswavlad. qarTlis demografiuli
mdgomareobis gasarkvevad sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom
osmalo moxeleebma aRricxes is soflebic, romlebSic mosax-
leoba aRar iyo, magram gadasaxadebi mainc ikribeboda imaTgan,
vinc gaukacrielebuli soflebis miwebs iyenebdnen da Sesaba-
misad iqidan gadasaxadebi ikribeboda.
uZravi da moZravi qonebis mniSvnelovani nawili vakufis
sakuTrebaSi iyo. rogorc giorgi fuTuriZes aqvs ganmartebu-
li, vakufi iyo `qoneba, romelic saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Seiwi-
reboda. vakufebs Seadgenda saxelmwifos mier gamoyofili, an
sulTnis, didi feodalebis, didvaWrebisa da saerTod, kerZo
pirebis mier Sewiruli uZravi da moZra-vi qoneba (sabaJos,
qarvaslis, maRaroebis, wisqvilis da sxv. Semosavali, saxnav-
saTesi miwebi), romelic xmardeboda meCeTebis, derviSTa
savaneebis, medreseebis, saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebis (ufaso
sasadiloebi, saavadmyofoebi) mSeneblobasa da Senaxvas.
vakufebis Semosavlis didi nawili muslimur sasuliero
wodebas xmardeboda. vakufebis CamorTmeva, mitaceba, gayidva
akrZaluli iyo da misi Semosavali ar ibegreboda~2.
1
1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I. / osmaluri
teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT, SesavliT, gamokvleviT da faqsimile-
ebiT gamosacemad moamzades akad, s. jiqiam da prof. n. Sengeliam,
Tb., 2009.
2
evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~ / Turqulidan Targmna, komenta-
rebi da gamokvleva daurTo g. fuTuriZem, nakv., II, gamokvleva,
komentarebi, Tb., 1973, gv. gv. 138.
129
davTridan Cans, rom Tbilisis vilaieTSi1, osmalebs qveynis
dapyrobisTanave energiulad moukidiaT xeli vakufebis
SeqmnisaTvis. maTi gagebiT, es iyo umniSvnelovanesi piroba
marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis gamuslimaneba-gaosmalebisaTvis.
vakufebis simravle, naTlad Cans Tbilisis vakuf-nameSi, rac
seriozul xifaTs uqmnida qristiani qarTvelebis TviTmyofa-
dobas TiTqmis mTel aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. dokumentSi ga-
mokveTilia muslimi moxeleebis privilegirebuli mdgomareoba.
vakufebis mflobelni iyvnen meCeTebis gamgebelni da sxva
muslimebi, romlebic muslimur adaT wesebs icavdnen da SeZ-
lebisda gvarad cdilobdnen maTs gavrcelebas. saqarTveloSi
fuZndeboda osmaluri feodaluri institutebi da maTTan
erTad Cndeboda Sesabamisi terminologia. davTarSi damowme-
bulia ocamde osmaluri gadasaxadi da valdebuleba, romle-
biTac dabegres mTeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba. n.
Sengelias azriT, osmalebisagan ìdevneba yovelgvari qarTu-
li, adgilobrivi mwarmoebeli sazogadoeba dabegrilia mxo-
lod osmaluri gadasaxadebiTa da valdebulebebiT. mwarmo-
ebel sazogadoebas ar evaleba qarTuli gadasaxadebis gadax-
da, igi mxolod osmalur gadasaxadebsa da valdebulebebzea
pasuxismgebebli. xdeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis osmalur yai-
daze reorganizacia... sruliad Secvlilia saqalaqo cxovreba
XVIII saukunis 30-iani wlebisaTvis~2.
1728 wlis `Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari~ gviCvenebs,
rogor muSaobda osmaleTis saxelmwifo biurokratiuli sis-
tema, rogori iyo amgvari dokumentis Sedgenis principi.
davTaris dasawyisSi mocemulia goris sayadioSi anu
yazaSi3 Semavali nahiebis4 _ soflebis saxelebi da maTi ga-
dasaxadebi TanxaSi _ axCaSi5 gadayvanili6.
1
vilaieTi _ qveyana, olqi. yvelaze msxvili administraciuli erTe-
uli osmaleTis imperiaSi. mis samxedro da administraciul saq-
meebs ganagebda beglar-begi, romelsac faSis tituli hqonda.
2
1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, gv. 44.
3
yaza _ 1. yadis Tanamdeboba. 2. is teritoria, romelzec vrceldebo-
da yadis uflebebi. sanjaySi Semavali administraciuli erTeuli.
4
nahie _ qveyana, mxare, olqi. XVI saukunidan _ sasamarTlo-adminis-
traciuli erTeuli
130
gori _ livis centri1
1728 wlis `Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris~ pirvel

wignsa da 1730-1732 wlebis sam osmalur dokumentSi mniSvnelo-
vani adgili aqvs daTmobili goris livaSi Semaval nahiebs,
TviT qalaq gors da Seicavs Zvirfas informacias.
goris Sesaxeb Semonaxuli osmaluri cnobebi, maTi
qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis monacemebTan Sejereba da ana-
lizi aucilebelia òsmalobis~ periodis goris mdgomare-
obis naTlad warmodgenisaTvis. osmaluri davTrebi mniSvne-
lovnad avsebs an azustebs Cvens warmodgenas Sua saukuneebis
qalaqis _ goris ier-saxeze, saqalaqo cxovrebis calkeul
mxareebze: ekonomikur, socialur da demografiul mdgoma-
reobaze.
`Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTaris~ I tomi gansakuTrebiT
sayuradRebo cnobebs Seicavs gorze, rogorc osmaluri peri-
odis administraciul da `goris yadis~ sarezidencio qalaqze.
5
axCa _ TeTri. Turquli vercxlis fuli... ix. evlia Celebi, II, gv.
132
6 vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., goris garegnuli saxe òsmalobis~
periodis osmalur wyaroebSi // goris saxelmwifo universiteti.
istoriisa da arqeologiis centris SromaTa krebuli, #4, Tb.,
2013, gv. 185-196; misive, goris mosaxleoba òsmalobis~ periodSi
(osmaluri wyroebis mixedviT) // goris saxelmwifo saswavlo
universiteti _ Savi zRvis saerTaSriso universiteti. samecniero
konferencia `qarTul-Turquli urTierTobebi~. 30 marti, Tb., 2012,
gv. 43-47.
1 sacicianos nahie: sofeli _ 134, axCa _ 1.449.462 (gv. 60-62); petres
nahie: sofeli _ 41, axCa _ 317.514 axCa. (gv. 62); saamilaxvros nahie
goris sayadioSi: sofeli _ 163, axCa _ 3.132.171 (gv. 62-64); Savi arag-
visa da qsnis erisTavis nahie: sofeli _ 52, axCa _ 496.410 (gv. 64-65);
muxranis liva: sofeli _ 45, axCa _ 451.200 (gv. 65); TrialeTis na-
hie: sofeli _ 83, axCa _ 585.827 (gv. 66-67); gomareTis nahie _ sofeli
17, axCa _ 108.031 (gv. 67); gujareTis nahie eqvemdebareba TrialeTs:
sofeli _ 16, axCa _ 21.100 (gv. 67); yaiyulis nahie: sofeli _ 51, axCa
_ 620.822 (gv. 67-68); avlabris nahie: sofeli _12, axCa _ 96.600 (gv. 68).
131
amitomac aris, rom dasaxelebuli dokumentis I tomi TiTqmis
mTlianad eTmoba `goris livas (sadroSo)~1. goris liva
iyofoda ramdenime nahied, nahiebi ki soflebad. davTarSi moce-
mulia TiToeuli soflis gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa saxelebi,
maTi raodenoba da movaleobebi2.
goris sayadios winaSe valdebuli iyo avlabris nahies so-
flebTan erTad 614 sofeli. TiToeuli sofels miwerili hqo-
nda misi mosaxleobis gadasaxdeli Tanxa, romlis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 7.279.137 axCas.
osmalo moxeleebma goris livaSi sul aRricxes 15.534 mama-
kaci _ gadasaxadis gadamxdeli.
davTarma Semogvinaxa goris livaSi Semavali mravalri-c-
xovani soflebis istoriisaTvis Zvirfasi cnobebi. mTlianobaSi
maTi Seswavla did Sromasa da dros moiTxovs. amitom, amje-
rad, aucileblad CavTvale, mxolod goris livaSi Semavali
nahiebis soflebis nusxa, TiToeuli maTganis gadasaxadi
meCvenebina da aqcenti gadametana sakuTriv q. gorze.
davTris mixedviT, goris livaSi dacarielebuli iyo 79
sofeli, aqedan TiTqmis naxevari, muhranis nahieze modioda.
osmalebis gorisadmi interesi da isic, ras aniWebdnen
isini mniSvnelobas dapyrobil qveyanaSi, kargaT gamoCnda 1728
wlis davTris im monakveTis saxelwodebaSi, romelic gors
exeba. mas hqvia `goris cixe~.
dampyroblebi goris cixes miiCnevdnen ara mxolod rogorc
TavdacviT nagebobas da Sida qarTlSi batonobis placdarms,
aramed igi imavdroulad iyo regionis mmarTvelobis centric
_ iq iyo ganTavsebuli saokupacio mmarTveloba. iqve iyo
qalaqisa da regionis muslimanuri sasuliero xelmZRvanelo-
bac.
1 iqve, gv. 132-518.

2 sacicianos nahie _ 3.443 kaci (gv. 132-224), petres (borjomis xeoba)
nahie _ 1.035 kaci (gv. 225-252), amilaxvris nahie _ 6.540 (gv. 253-410),
Savi aragvisa da SanSes nahie _ 675 kaci (gv. 411-438), calke
administraciul erTeulad aris goris rabaTi _ 448 kaci, mux-
ranis nahie _ 33 (gv. 450-456), TrialeTis yaza _ 1479 (gv. 457-506),
gomareTis nahie _ 414 (gv. 507-517), gujareTis nahie _ 122 kaci (gv.
518-523), yaiyul yaza-Tbilisis liva _ 1467 (gv. 524-563).
132
cixeSi hqonda Tavisi saTadarigo rezidencia Tbilisis
vilaieTis meTaurs ishak (isay) faSas _ `TbilisSi warCinebu-
lTa Soris udidebuless~. igi, imave dros veziradac moix-
senieba. ishak faSa iyo samcxis aTabagebis gamuslimebuli
STamomavali, axalcixis faSa (1723-1735), romelic ganagebda
Tbilisis vilaieTsac. rogorc cnobilia, XVI saukunis bolo-
dan TiTqmis yvela vilaieTis gamgebeli veziris tituls
atarebda1.
gori `yizilbaSobis~ periodSi
Sahis karma qarTlSi Seqmnili viTareba xelsayrelad CaT-

vala da xanjalxani jariT gamogzavna. mas mxarSi amoudgnen
qarTvelebi da erToblivi brZola gaaCaRes osmalebis winaaR-
mdeg. roca osmalebma marcxi ganicades erevnis maxloblad, es
imdenad seriozuli dartyma iyo, rom maT Tbilisi, lore,
ganja da erevani ubrZolvelad daTmes.
osmalTa batonoba yizilbaSTa batonobiT Seicvala. yizil-
baSTa sardali xanjalxani roca gorSi mivida (vfiqrob, 1736 w.
iyo) mas saCivriT mimarTes givi beburiSvilma da luarsab
glurjiZem. saqme mdgomareobda SemdegSi: osmalebis batonis
dros asanfaSa da davriS begi gorSi iyvnen da `birTvela
TumaniSvili yaraulaT daeyenebina~. birTvelam gzad mimavali
givi beburiSvili da luarsab glurjiZe Seipyro da asan faSas
da davriS begs mihgvara. osmalebma da maTma damqaSma mgzavrebs
`Tu ram hqondaT yvela waerTmevinaT~. xanjalxanma saqmis
garCeva daavala barZim aragvis erisTavs. erisTavma saqme
mSvidobianad moagvara: momCivanni da braldebuli erTmaneTTan
Seariga2.
1737 w. sefi-xanma nadir Sahis miTiTebiT, gorSi daibara da
daapatimra qarTlis TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis meTaurebi.
1 jiqia s., XVIII saukunis ori Turquli dokument // Tsu Sromebi, t.

99. aRmosavleTmcodneobis seria, III, Tb., 1962, gv. 153-172: sami os-
maluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisaTvis (1730-1732). Turquli teqsti
qarTuli TargmaniT, SesavliT, terminologiuri leqsikoniTa da
faqsimileebiT gamosacemad moamzada n. Sengeliam, Tb., 2008, gv. 100,
Sen. 1.
2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 359-360, #273.
133
vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT dapatimrebuli iyo kaxeTis
gamgebeli Teimurazi (SemdegSi kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz II), givi
amilaxvari da aragvis erisTavi barZimi1. sxva wyaros mixedviT
daapatimres agreTve Tarxani luarsabi, givi ColoyaSvili,
Tamaz andronikaSvili da qaixosro CerqeziSvili2. vaxuSti
batoniSvilis cnobis siswores adasturebs TviT Teimuraz
mefe 1740 wels Tavad gurgeniZisa da eSikaRabaS beJanbegis
Svili solomonis da sxvebisaTvis micemul sigelSi, romelSic
aRniSnulia am Tavadebis mier sxvadasxva dros Teimuraz
mefisaTvis gaweul samsaxurze. is gansakuTrebiT ixsenebs im
dros, rodesac lekebisa da osmalebis gaerTianebuli jariT
axalcixis usuf faSa, romelsac qarTli hqonda dakavebuli,
Tavs daesxa kaxeTs: `RuTis mowyalebiT dedoflis wyalze
davesxeniT, qalaqamde (Tbilisi _ e.m.) vdiveT, bevri amgvari
samsaxurebi gavswiveT, magram (nadir Sahma _ e.m.) ar dagvindo:
gors dagviWires CuÀn da qarTvelni (qarTlelni _ e.m.) barZim
erisTavi, amilaxvari givi da Tarxani. yaeni ispahans brZan-
deboda, wagvasxes tusaRaT, Sen TavdadebiT daupatiJaT
gviaxel, gzebzed kargaT gvmsaxure~3. yizilbaSebma ver
Seipyres qsnis erisTavi SanSe. amitom ikorTas asaklebad jari
gagzavnes, magram damarcxdnen da gorSi mobrundnen. sefi-xanma
goris naibad (nacvali) abdula begi, iese mefis vaJi, datova,
TviTon ki TbilisSi wavida4. nadir Sahma qarTlis xanoba xan-
jalxans uboZa5.
antiiranul ajanyebas SanSe erisTavi meTaurobda. man upir-
velesad Tavis samflobeloebSi arsebuli cixesimagreebi gaa-
magra, Semdeg ki partizanuli omi gaaCaRa. igi Tavs daesxa

2 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 68
3
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, т. I, Тифлис, 1866,
№32, 39
4 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 34. Sdr. berZeniSvili n.,
XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan. saqarTvelos istoriis saki-
Txebi, II, Tb., 1965, gv. 167; saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv.
447.
134
goris cixes, mecixovneni amoJlita, gaitaca xazina _ 70 000
maneTi1.
iranis Sahi SanSe erisTavis damarcxebas qarTvelebis xe-
liT cdilobda. SanSes winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gansakuTrebiT
gamoiCina Tavi `saqarTvelos beglarbegma~ aslamaz-xanma, orbe-
lianebis gvaridan. magram igi 1741 w. ise gardaicvala gorSi,
rom SanSes damorCileba ver SeZlo2. iranSi misul qarTvel
didebulebs Sahi pirdeboda: `Tu damiWiroT SanSe, yoveli
Tqveni sawadeli aRvasrulo da mogce wyaloba uSurvelio~.
man iqve misca givi amilaxvars SanSes kuTvnili qsnis sae-
risTavo, xolo qarTlis beglarbegoba _ imam-yuli-xans da
aRmosavleTis xalxebisagan Semdgari jariT gaistumra.
imave wlis agvistoSi givi amilaxvris meTaurobiT didi
jari SeiWra qsnis saerisTaoSi. saerisTao saSinlad ganad-
gurda. SanSe axalcixeSi gadaixvewa. gamarjvebuli givi jer
gorSi mivida, sadac misi jari idga, Semdeg ki Tbiliss wavida,
Sahs kaci gaugzavna da qsnis saerisTaos aklebiT gaaxara3.
nadir Sahs aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sruli damorCileba
surda. 1735 w. oqtomberSi saqarTveloSi wamovida da Tan
wamoiyvana zemodasaxelebuli qarTveli didebulebi. maT som-
xeTSi SeZles gaqceva da sxvadasxva mxares Seefarnen. ganris-
xebulma nadirma goris cixe da TbilisSi Tabori daangria4.
yizilbaSebma mravali aTasi tyve waasxes iranSi.
1736 w. oqtomberSi zemo qarTlSi lekebi SemoiWrnen, su-
ramamde aikles da dirbSi dabanakdnen. goris nacvalma abdula
begma goridan jari waiyvana, yelqceulTan Seeba lekebs da
daamarcxa. lekebi xvedureTisaken gaiqcnen. Tbilisidan sefi-
xani didi jariT wamovida gorisken, mcire xans gaCerda da
Rulevs mivida. lekebma Sebma ver gabedes, dirbi, xvedureTi,
Rulevi, bebnisi `gadaiares da duSeTi waaxdines~5.
1 gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 52.

2 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani. teqsti daadgina, Sesavali,
leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo e. cagareiSvilma, Tb., 1981, gv. 44.
3 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 48.
5 iqve, gv. 341.
135
rac dro gadioda, qarTlSi mdgomareoba rTuldeboda.
lekTa TareSma sistematuri da sastiki saxe miiRo. arc qarT-
lis Tavadebs Soris iyo mSvidoba da Tanxmoba. amas Tan erTvo-
da yizilbaSTa parpaSi. maT mier SemoRebuli uzomo gadasaxa-
debi anadgurebda qarTlis ekonomikas da mwarmoebel mosaxle-
obas.
papuna orbeliani mogviTxrobs: 1741 w. qarTlSi `movida
mumeizi, romel ars mwerali qveynisa, aRwerad qarTlisa. esreT
iyo aRwera: rac Zveli nasoflari sadme iyo, yvelgan zomes
miwebi sabliT, xrevi dasdves, egreve am saxiT Senoba sadme
iyo, didi xrevi dasdevs. viTarca eranis qveyanaSi momcemi miwa
aris da bevri gamosavali aqvs, egrev am qveyanas ganuweses,
Tvales vazebi, egre vazis saTvalavs, rasac mixvdnen, vazs
erTi bisti dasdves, sofelsa da baRsa Sina, rac xe naxes,
TiTo Sauri dasdves, kacsa _ ori minalTuni, ymawvilsa asako-
vansa _ xuTi abazi da Semdgomi amisi aT wlamdis xarji
dasweres ymawvilze, pirutyvze, yovelsa zeda ganaweses, bos-
tansa, wisqvilsa, yovelsfers Senobas anu oxers adgils aseTi
xarji dasdves, rom yovlis kacisagan didad SeuZlebeli iyo...
ama ambavTa Sina mravali suli aiyara, bevri adgili umetesad
aoÂrda, mravali kaci venaxsa da baRebsa Tavisis ÃeliT kafdis
da aoÃrebdis. vinc darCa kidev amisi imedi hqondaT, rom erTi
memkvidre batoni gamogviCnda da am Wirisagan gamogvixsniso~1.
maSindeli qarTlis mdgomareoba, rom ufro naTeli gaxdes,
movixmob kidev erT adgils papuna orbelianis àmbavni qarT-
lisanidan~. `qarTlSi puri ise Zviri iyo, rom, Tqvenma mzema,
bevrjer vnaxeT balaxis kurkas gaaxmobidan, dafqviden da imas
sWamden. dauwyes Txovna purisa, ekida kaci da dedakaci,
mravali suli joxiT mokuda. Tu purs sadme gasasyids iSovi-
den, Tavisis ÃeliTa Svilebs aZlevdnen. mravali suli aiyara
am qveyniT da ucxoTa alagTa gardaixvewa. urumis qveyana qar-
Tlis kaciT aivso~2.
arc qarTlis Tavadaznauroba iyo kmayofili. yizilbaSTa
batonoba da maTdami samsaxuri maTTvisac autaneli Seiqmna.
1 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 45-46.

2 iqve, gv. 49.
136
ukmayofileba, amjerad, pirvelma givi amilaxvarma gamoamJRavna
da 1742 w. Sahs ganudga. mas mxari dauWires zemo qarTlis
Tavadebma. igi duSeTSi gamagrda. qarTlis xanma, raTa gors
givi ar dapatroneboda, misi dacva revaz amilaxvars daavala.
revazi Tavdapirvelad gorSi movida, magram sul male givis
miemxro da masTan wavida. Sahis mravali dapirebis miuxedavad,
givi xels ar iRebda Tavis gadawyvetilebaze1.
qarTlis xani, Sahis brZanebiT, Sida qarTlze iZiebda Surs.
`ra miexala xani gors, dauwyo rbeva qarTlsa da wva mosava-
lisa~. vidre yizilbaSebi movidodnen, givi goridan wavida da
zemo qarTlis cixeebi gaamagra. amitom `dauwyo laparaki xanma
qarTlisman TavadTa ukumdgarTa, dapireba wyalobasa uSurve-
lsa, misca fici uSiSroebisaTvis, movidnen zogni vinme Tavad-
Tagani, damosa xalaTiT da ara avno ra~2.
amgvarad, iranis moxelem ajanyebulTa rigebSi ganxeTqi-
lebis Setana scada. magram givi amilaxvris Zleva jerjerobiT
ioli ar iyo. qarTlis xani sxvilos cixesTan givis Seeb-
rZola, ver sZlia da gorSi dabrunda. man aq daibara `veqil-
veziri da mustafi~ (safinanso uwyebis moxele) da `dauwyes
zemo qarTlis rigeba da malujaTisic Txovna daupires~.
maSasadame iranis mTavrobas ganzraxuli hqonda qarTlSi
yizilbaSuri miwismflobelobis wesebi daenerga. am RonisZi-
ebam is Sedegi gamoiRo, rom cota xnis winaT Semorigebuli
Tavadebi kvlav ganawyendnen. gacofebuli xani goridan ikle-
bda qarTlis sxvadasxva mxares3.
Sahma givis Semorigeba kaxTbatons, Teimurazs daavala: `Sen
Tavdebad daudeq amilaxorsao _ swerda nadir Sahi Teimurazs,
_ rom Cemgan ara dauSavdes rao~. Teimurazi jer avWalaSi
mivida. Semdeg mcxeTaSi gadavida, qarTlis xani ki gorSi dad-
ga. maT molaparakeba gamarTes givisTan, romlis mier daRes-
tnidan gadmoyvanili 7 aTasi leki4 qarTls iklebda.
Teimuraz II-m givis amilaxvroba CamoarTva da amirindo ami-
laxvars gadasca, romelic Sahisa da Teimurazis erTguli iyo.
1 iqve, gv. 54.

2 iqve, gv. 56.
3 iqve, gv. 57.
4 iqve, gv. 59.
137
1742 wlis 18 ivliss Teimurazma saamilaxvros da, ra Tqma
unda, goris mosaxleobasac ubrZana damorCilebodnen, winaaR-
mdeg SemTxvevaSi dasjiT daemuqra. rac Seexeba givis `Tu Tavis
nebiT mova, Ãelmwifis karzed unda gavistumroT, Tu ara, am
qveynidam unda davkargoT, imisi Tqveni batonoba aRar iqneba~1.
qarTlSi yizilbaSTa axali jari Semovida faTali-xanis
meTaurobiT. sardali TbilisSi gaCerda, jari ki gorSi
gagzavna. amanac scada givisTan molaparakeba. givim Tavi ise
moaCvena TiTqos Tanaxma iyo yizilbaSebTan Serigebisa. sinam-
dvileSi saqme ise moawyo, rom lekebsa da yizilbaSebs erT-
maneTi amoawyvetina. Semdeg TviTonac sxvilos cixesTan yizi-
lbaSebi daamarcxa. magram brZola kvlav grZeldeboda. Sahma
qarTlis xani imam-yuli-xani iranSi gaiwvia da mis adgilze
warmoSobiT qurTi yoja-xani daniSna.
rogorc Cans, imam-yuli xanma Sahis brZaneba misi iranSi
gawvevis Sesaxeb gorSi miiRo. gori cota xnis winaT yizil-
baSTa didi jariT qarTlSi mosulma qerim-xanma daikava2. givi
amilaxvris warmomadgenlebsa da qerim xans Soris molapa-
rakeba gorSi mimdinareobda. givi Serigebas pirdeboda. gaxa-
rebulma qerim-xanma `misca xalaTebi, miswera wigni amilaxors:
`Tu Camoxvide (gorSi _ e.m.), yoveli Seni saqme me Tavs
midviao~3.
amasobaSi yoja-xanic movida qarTlSi. givim SeuTvala, rom
is im SemTxvevaSi daemorCileboda Sahs, Tu misi moTxovnebi
zomieri iqneboda. marTalia, cnobebi ar gvaqvs, magram sagu-
lisxmoa, rom givim Suakacebis yuradReba qarTlSi Sahis poli-
tikis uaryofiT gavlenaze gaamaxvila. is moiTxovda Semsu-
buqebuliyo gadasaxadebi, aRmoefxvraT Sahis moxeleTa TviT-
neboba da a. S. swored es igulisxmeboda givis sityvebSi:
`Sahma `Cemi SeZlebiT mimsaxuroso~4. Sahma, marTalia, givis
usityvo kapitulacia mosTxova, magram mainc saWirod scno
qarTlis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba Seeswavla da qarTlis
aRwera brZana. aRmoCnda, rom `qarTli gaTavebuliyo Tavad
1 iqve, gv. 60-61.

2 iqve, gv. 61-62
3 iqve, gv. 62.
4 iqve, gv. 63.
138
lekisagan, mere bevris saTxovarisagan, rom aras Ãelmwifis
dros es ar gadaxedoda~1. Sahi iZulebuli gaxda qarTvelTa
gulis mosagebad Tavisive zogierTi moxelisaTvis brali
daedo, daesaja da gadasaxadebic Seemsubuqebina2.
ajanyeba kvlav grZeldeboda. givis mier gadmoyvanili
lekebi mTel qarTls iyvnen modebulni da awiokebdnen.
qarTlSi yizilbaSTa didi jari Semovida aja-xanis me-
TaurobiT. am dros qarTlis xani da abdula-beg ieses Ze
gorSi idgnen didi jariT da givi amilaxvris erTgul suramis
midamoebis mosaxleobas iklebdnen. aja-xanic gorSi movida. man
lekebTan brZolis sababiT zemo qarTli mTlianad aaoxra.
qarTlis xanma da abdula-begma gorSi gaiges, rom aragvis
erisTavi beJani da misi biZaSvili otia aragvelebs moeklaT.
SeTqmulebma kaxeTis mefe Teimurazi miiwvies da erTguleba
gamoucxades. Sahma Teimurazs daumtkica aragvis saerisTao da
qsnis saerisTaos dapyrobac SesTavaza3. amrigad, Sahma Teimu-
razi daupirispira givi amilaxvars, romlis dasayrdeni qsnis
saerisTao iyo. Teimurazma daipyro qsnis saerisTao. axla
givim osmaleTs sTxova daxmareba.
1744 w. zamTarSi osmaleTis jari qarTlSi Semovida, magram
batoniSvilma ereklem givi da misi mokavSire Turqebi aCabeTis
cixesTan daamarcxa. givim cxinvali aiklo, dawva da suramSi
gadavida. Teimurazi gorSi qarTlis xanTan mivida, mcire xans
darCa da qsnis xeobaSi wavida, sadac wiqoris cixeSi gamagre-
buli givis momxre revaz amilaxvari Semoiriga4.
kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I-is avtoriteti qarTlSi izrde-
boda. `ganawameb qarTlis mosaxleobas Tvalwin edga kaxeTi,
sadac arc bolomouRebeli urTierTis rbeva iyo, aRarc yi-
zilbaSebis TareSi da arc sayaeno xarki~5. qarTlis Tavadebma
Teimurazis miTiTebiT Sahs miswres: `qveyanas diaR, Zali dama-
rTebia da gaTavebuli ariso, wyalobas viTxov Ãelmwifisagan,
1 iqve, gv. 65.

2 iqve, gv. 67-68.
3 iqve, gv. 68-69.
4 iqve, gv. 72-74.
5 berZeniSvili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan, gv. 149.
139
rom qarTls SeRavaTi uyoso~1. savaraudoa, rom imave werilSi
Tavadebi qarTlSi Teimurazis gamefebas iTxovdnen, am mosaz-
rebas Semdgomi movlenebi amarTlebs.
Teimurazma werilis pasuxi gorSi miiRo. Sahi mas `dapi-
reboda micemasa qarTlisasa~. aqve moutanes `xalaTi, Caicva
mefeman keTilman da safuZvelman saTnoebisaman, dajda mejli-
sad da gasca saboZvari, mxiarul yvna yovelni~. Sahma qarTlis
Tavadebs ubrZana Teimurazs damorCilebodnen2.
qarTlSi kvlav osmalTa jari Semovida axalcixis faSa
usufis sardlobiT da surams dadga. aqve movida givi ami-
laxvari3. Teimurazma qarTvelTa da yizilbaSTa jari orad
gayo. erTi mcxeTas daayena, xolo meores Tbilisis dacva
daavala. TviTon gorSi mivida da batoniSvili erekle kaxeTis
jariT TavisTan daibara.
usuf faSa suramidan gavida, ruisi da urbnisi aiklo da
gors miadga. `goris garSemo, saca ram yana idga, sul gaTibes,
aRarsad gauSves wauxdeneli, Tvinier gorisa. dResa erTsa
gavida amaTi yarauli (goridan _ e.m.) da Seeyarnen urumis
yaraulTa, gaemarjvaT da gaaqcies urumni. Seityo faSam, Sesxa
mTliv jari da mouxduna liaxvis kerZo, Sejda qarTlis xani
ali-xan, kax batoni Teimuraz, magram batons (Teumurazs _Pe.m.)
jari cota axlda, jer Tavisi (kaxeTis jari _ e.m.) ar Semoy-
roda, gavidnen, Semouties urumTa, rom Sig daerivnen, gamovi-
dnen urumni liaxvsa da am baRebTan wisqvilebTan Seiyarnen
erTad. iyo omi ficxeli, rom aRar egeboda, urumisa jari,
diaR, didi iyo da eseni cotani. daixoca orive friadi. magram
gamarjveba urumT darCaT. kax batons saCino kaci zurab mdiva-
ni moukles da aznauriSvilni da glexni dauxocnes. eseni
Semovidnen isev gors, urumni mividnen ruissa~4.
igive brZola gansxvavebulad gadmogvca oman xerxeliZem.
misi mixedviT, brZola moxda TedowmindasTan. damarcxebuli

2 iqve, gv. 77.
3 iqve, gv. 77. Sdr. berZeniSvili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan,
gv. 181; berZniSvili i., goris cixe, gv. 37.
4 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 78-79; ix. agreTve, qronikebi
da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa,, III, gv. 175.
140
qarTvelTa da yizilbaSTa jari osmalebma `gamoaqcies da moh-
yvnen goris galavnis karebamde~1.
erekle batoniSvilma gorTan brZolas ver miuswro. 1744
wlis 10 ivniss man daRestnisaken mimavali osmalTa jari ara-
gvis WalaSi daamarcxa da gaqceulebs sxvilos cixemde sdia2.
ereklem sxvilos cixesTan sakuTari xeliT mokla lekTa
beladi malaCi. lekebi da osmalebi kvlav gorisaken gaiqcnen,
magram Teimurazi goridan gamovida da mtris didi nawili
amowyvita3.
gori Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is dros
1744 w. ivlisSi Sahma Teimurazs qarTlis mefoba misca,

xolo erekles kaxeTisa. imave dros qarTls, kaxeTis msgavsad,
xarki sagrZnoblad Seumsubuqda. aman givi amilaxvris mdgo-
mareoba kidev ufro gaauaresa. misi momxreebi Teimurazis mxa-
res gadavidnen.
mdgomareoba qarTlSi SedarebiT stabiluri gaxda, magram
saboloo mSvidobis dasamyareblad xangrZlivi brZola moe-
loda. 1746 w. Teimurazs aragvis xeobaSi mcxovrebi osebi aum-
xedrdnen da zemo qarTls arbevdnen. ereklem Tavisi morCili
lekTa jari gadmoiyvana, romlebmac oseTi aaoxres. magram le-
kebs nadavli ecotavaT, imereTSi gadavidnen da `sawereTloc
waaxdines da mravali tyve moasxes... Camovidnen naSovriT gors
lekni~4.
iranSi rTuli viTareba iyo. nadir Sahs qveSevrdomebi
aujanydnen. 1746 w. man qarTlidan yizilbaSebi gaiwvia da maT
nacvlad 1000 avRaneli gamogzavna. avRanTa jaris saqarTvloSi
Cayeneba nadir Sahis politikaSi Cveulebriv movlenad gada-
iqca. winaT Sahebi urCi avRanelebis dasamoneblad qarTvelebs
1 qarTlis cxovreba, CubinaSvilis gamocema, gv. 480.
2 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 80; qarTlis cxovreba, IV,
gv. 521; qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da
mwerlobisa, III, gv. 175.
3 qarTlis cxovreba, CubinaSvilis gamocema, gv. 64-68. Бутков П.,
Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 гг., ч. I, СПб., 1869, с.
228, 230.
141
gzavnidnen, axla ki avRanelebs miando qarTl-kaxeTis damor-
Cileba. papuna orbeliani ramdenjerma aRniSnavs avRanelTa
jaris saqarTveloSi Semosvlas. yvelaze didi raodenoba _ 4
aTasi jariskaci Semovida 1745 w. maTi erTi nawili gorSi da
qrcxinvalSi Caayenes. oTxi aTasi jariskaci, erTi SexedviT,
bevri ar unda yofiliyo, maT Cayenebas qveynisaTvis raime
seriozuli ziani ar unda moetana. magram, Tu gaviTvaliswi-
nebT, rom TiToeul maTgans xuTi da meti mWameli axlda, maSin
gasagebi iqneba is garTulebani, rac ama Tu im adgilas maT
Cayenebas Tan sdevda. gorSi avRanTa yofniT gamowveuli siZ-
neleebis amsaxveli friad saintereso sabuTia meliqis (mamasa-
xlisi) mier 1746 w. noemberSi Teimuraz meorisadmi mirTmeuli
moxseneba. goris meliqi farsadana wers: `Cvens mowyales xel-
mwifesa amas movaxsenebT: avRnis jari geboZebina ori uzbaSi
(asisTavi) Tavis TabunebiTa, TiTos oroli coli, sam-sam tyve,
sam-sami, oTx-oTxi cxeni da iabu yavT. mogexsenebaT, amaTi
sayofi saxli gors ar aris, zamTari aris, oTxi-xuTi komlia
riiaTi qeTxudebi TiTo saxlSi damiyenebia, sxva amaT miveci.
kidev ar eyofaT, qalanTarma (qalaqis ufrosi, qalaqis poli-
ciis ufrosi _ e.m.) naxa, axla kidev yasuma-begi uzbaSi movida
Tavis TabuniTa, xizniTa, tyviTa; alagi aRar aris, rom amasac
alagi mivsceT, diaR ferimani Seiqna riiaTi, Tu amaT erTs
wyalobas ar gvizamT, erTsa da erTs uzbaSs sxvagan ar
ubrZanebT dadgomasa, gori diaR waxdeba. Cven mogvixsenebia da
sabaextiari Tqven brZandebiT. bzis wyalobac gviyaviT,
qalanTars ubrZanoT roma soflebSi avla uyos, dReSi oTxas
ormocda aTi litras bzes Txouloben. rasac saxlis patro-
nebisas daxarjaven imas garda, amdeni undebaT, erTi rayamic
miboZeT, cixe yulaebi karebi gaamagron da qeSiki gaswion~1.
amonarididan Cans, rom avRanTa Senaxva goris mosaxleobas
mZime tvirTad awva. goris meliqs ganuzraxavs es muqTa mWame-
lebi aeZulebinaT cixis dazianebuli kari gaemagrebinaT da
yarauloba gaewiaT.
1 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. #499. Sdr. saqarTvelos istoriis

qronikebi, gv. 81; berZniSvili i., goris cixe, gv. 38.
142
1747 w. TebervalSi nadir Sahma qarTlisa da kaxeTis sa-
mefoebs uzarmazari xarki _ 200 000 Tumani daakisra. amis ga-
daxda SeuZlebeli iyo. Teimuraz II-m da erekle II-m kargad
icodnen, rom Sahi xarkis gadauxdelobas ar apatiebda da
qveyanas aiklebda. amitom maT daiwyes xalxis daxizvna mTebsa
da cixesimagreebSi. qarTl-kaxeTi saomrad emzadeboda. Teimu-
razi da erekle ananuridan xelmZRvanelobdnen Tavdacvis sam-
zadiss. gorSi myofma avRanelebma mosalodneli xifaTis
Sesaxeb rom gaiges, maSinve goris cixeSi avidnen da gaamagres.
goris moqalaqeebic mTebSi gaixiznen.
Teimurazma Sekriba mTielebi, qarTlis jars SeuerTa da
gorSi mivida. man Tavdapirvelad goris cixidan avRanelebis
mSvidobianad gamoyvana scada da maTTan molaparakeba gamarTa.
magram avRanelebi cixeSi Tavs uSiSrad grZnobdnen. goris cixe
im droisaTvis kargad aRWurvili iyo. amas adasturebs Semde-
gic: 1748 w. erekle Tbilisis cixeebSi gamagrebul yizilbaSebs
ebrZoda. yizilbaSebi TavianTi artileriiT SiSis zars scem-
dnen mTel Tbiliss. ereklem, roca maTTan veraferi gaawyo,
amirindo amilaxvari gagzavna da `goridam didi zarbazani dai-
bara. es zarbazani Sah-nadir yaenma moitana qarTlSi erevnidam,
ityoden: òri aTasi litra ariso~1. `moitanes pirvel da
metexis cixes moumzades, agreTve, Taboris cixes srola
dauwyes. ra es zarbazani naxes cixelebma (yizilbaSebma _ e.m.),
maSinve SeSindnen, didad aqcevda, saca moxvdis da misa Ãmisagan
qalaqi iryeoda, aTi litra tyvia moundis da wamalic misi
Sesaferi~2. am zarbazans hqonda sakuTari saxeli _ `didi
boWormisa~.
radgan goris cixis aRebis perspeqtiva ar Canda, `qsnis
xevis jari miesiva goris qalaqsa da aikles. vinc mTis jari
iyo, yvelas dauwyes gleja da oÃreba. ecada batoni (Teimuraz
II _ e.m.), magram jari didi iyo da mere didi xani gasuliyo,
rom qarTvelis batonobis morCileba aRar eqnaT, ver daaSle-
vines, aikles, rac daaxeles. saydrebi aaoÃres, mravali xati
daamtvries. aRar dadga batoni (Teimurazi _ e.m.) da wabrZanda
1 XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi 1 litra 3 kg. udrida. maSasadame zarba-
zani 6 t. iwonida.
143
isev ananurs~1. rogorc Cans, avRanebis gamodena goris cixidan
maSin ver moxerxda. magram araviTari cnoba ar gagvaCnia imis
dasadgenad rodemde darCnen gorSi da ra bedi ewiaT.
qarTl-kaxeTma XVIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi jer osma-
lebi, xolo Semdeg yizilbaSebi moiSora, magram qveynis ukur-
nebel senad lekianoba gadaiqca. imave saukunis meore naxev-
ridan, adrindelTan gansxvavebiT, roca kavkasiis mTielebi
`Tavs esxmodnen mxareebs, soflebs da Tan mihyavdaT da
mihqondaT yvelaferi, rasac moixelebdnen: adamiani, oTxfexi
saqoneli, puri, iaraRi, aveji da sxv.~2. axla teritoriebis
dapyrobas lamoben da maTi Tavdasxmebi organizebuli gaxda.
1752 w. haji-Calebis lekebi Sida qarTlsa da goris mi-
damoebs arbevdnen. marTalia Teimurazma da ereklem lekebi
gandevnes, magram maT kavkasionze gadmosuli mtris Sesakaveb-
lad goris gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaiTvaliswines da
momavlisaTvis misi gamagreba ganizraxes. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe-
ebis aseTi saqmianobiT aRSfoTebulma lekebma kaxeTi daar-
bies3.
1754 w. qarTlSi lekTa didi jari SemoiWra. Teimurazi da
erekle qarTlisa da kaxeTis jariT `mieSvelnen zemo qar-
Tls…wamovidnen da movidnen gors~. goridan qrcxinvalSi gada-
vidnen da iq apirebdnen lekebTan Sebmas. lekebi kvlav goris
maxloblad trialebdnen, magram masze Tavdasxmas ver bedav-
dnen, radgan dimitri eSikaRabaSi icavda. lekebma jer tinis-
xidi aikles, Semdeg dirbis cixes Semoadgnen. mdivanbegi da
zaal orbeliani jariT mividnen gorSi. maT SeuerTda dimitri
Tavisi razmiT, goridan erTad gavidnen da qrcxinvalSi mefeTa
laSqars SeurTdnen. gorSi, cota xnis winaT erekles mier
damarcxebuli samxreT Aazerbaijanis mbrZaneblis azat-xanis
(warmoSobiT avRaneli) mier gamogzavnili damxmare razmi
datoves. amis Semdeg Teimurazi da erekle dirbs mieSvelnen,
1 Teimuraz bagraationi, axali istoria. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada,

gamokvleva da saZieblebi daurTo l. miqiaSvilma, Tb., 1983, gv. 47.
3 peisoneli, moTxroba axlandel areulobaze sparseTsa da saqar-
TveloSi (frangulidan naTargmni). mTargmneli s. RoRoberiZe //
`moambe~, #10, II ganyofileba, 1905, X, gv. 6, 9-10.
144
`viTa SavardenTa gundni tredTani, egre dafantes jari
lekTani, wamobrZandnen gamarjvebulni, CamobrZandnen gors,
dasxden mejlisad, naxes lxini uzomo~. magram gamarjvebulebs
zeimi CamwardaT. ambavi movida: xunZaxis batoni kaxeTs Tavs
daesxao. erekle Tavisi jariT maSinve kaxeTs wavida, Teimurazi
qarTlSi darCa. mamaSvili SeTanxmdnen: `Tu kaxeTs gauWirdebo-
da, qarTveli batoni mieSveleboda da Tu qarTls gauWir-
deboda, kaxi batoni mieSveleboda~1. marTalia, ereklem da
Teimurazma Wadisjvris brZolaSi xunZaxis batoni daamarcxes,
magram igi amas ver Seegua da ganmeorebiT scada miznis
miRweva. saSiSroeba amjeradac pirvelad kaxeTs daemuqra.
qarTlis mefe maSinve zemo qarTlSi wavida, `mibrZanda gors,
Semoiyara jari qarTvelTa, rom iaraRis amRebi aRaravin daag-
do Sina, glexi Tore Tavadi da aznaurTagani vin daakl-
deboda~. Teimurazi axalgors mivida. aq SeuerTdnen mas qsnis
erisTavi da sabaraTaSvilos sardali revazi TavianTi jare-
biT da ananurSi dabanakdnen. aq elodnen cnobas kaxeTidan2.
erekles TxovnisTanave Teimurazi TelavSi mivida. amiT isar-
gebla lekTa 500 kacianma razmma, qarTlSi gadmovida, aawioka
avWala, kavTisxevi, xandaki `saca rom cixeebs gareT daaxeles,
waaxdines, waiRes naSovari da avidnen atenis mTaSi, iqidam
dauwyes rbeva goris gareSemoTa~3.
1756 w. aprilSi gorSi imyofeboda ruseTs mimavali anton I
kaTalikosi. rogorc cnobilia, 1755 w. 16 dekembers mcxeTis
saeklesio krebam antoni kaTalikosobidan gadaayena. mas bra-
lad edeboda mwvalebloba, rac mis mier kaTolikobis aRiare-
baSi gamoixateboda. antonma es nabiji politikuri mosazrebiT
gadadga. dasavleTevropuli orintaciis gamo, is daaxloebuli
iyo TbilisSi moRvawe kaTolike misionerebTan. es garemoeba
gamoiyenes misma mowinaaRdegeebma da Teimurazis mxardaWeriT
imas miaRwies, rom saeklesio krebam kaTolikosobidan da mRvd-
elmsaxurebidan gadaayena. 1756 w. 4 aprils amave krebaze,
ànton kaTalikosma aRiara Tavisi cToma winaSe krebisa, mefe
Teimurazma Seumsubuqa sasjeli da neba misca gorSi wirvisa
1 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 213-214

2 iqve, gv. 227.
3 iqve, gv. 229.
145
aRdgoma dRes _ kg aprils (23 aprili _ e. m.)~1. imis sanacvlod,
rom antonma uaryo kaTolikoba, igi aRadgines RvTismsaxurebis
uflebaSi da ruseTSi gauSves2. 23 aprils, xuTSabaTs, wirvis
damTavrebisTanave, antoni ruseTs gaemgzavra, z. WiWinaZis mi-
xedviT antoni sami dRe gorSi gaCerda3. papuna orbeliani
mxolod ambobs, rom `wabrZanda kaTalikozi antoni batoniS-
vili goridam ruseTs, Tvesa aprilisa~4.
antonis ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg qarTlis dedofali
àna-xanum wabrZanda gors, Tan iaxlnen darbaiselTa jalabni,
romelni iyofebodnen qalaqsa (Tbilisi _ e. m.) Sina, aRaSena
saxlni goris cixesa Sina da dadga mas Sina erTi zafxuli~5.
erekle II-is mier antonTan gagzavnili werilidan irkveva, rom
dedofali 1756 w. noemberSi kvlav gorSi imyofeboda6.
zafxulSi qarTlSi lekebi Semovidnen. Teimurazi Tbi-
lisSi idga. aqve movida erekle kaxTa jariT. ivlisSi mefeebma
niCbisTan lekebi daamarcxes da `mobrZandnen gorisa qalaqsa
Sina~. Cans maT mcire jari hyavdaT da misi Sevseba surdaT.
amitom ambobs papuna orbeliani: ùmetes Semoiyares jarebi
qarTlisani~. Teimurazi da erekle gavidnen goridan da mis
maxloblad axaldabaSi dadgnen. imave Rames lekebi karaleTs
daesxnen da `waiRes naSovari uricxvi, tyve anu saqoneli~. maT
skris nasoflarTan marcxi ganicades. imave dros lekebi
qarTlis sxva adgilebsac daecnen. sabolood, mefeebis opera-
tiuli moqmedebis Sedegad, lekebma qarTli datoves. erekle
da Teimurazi gorSi dabrundnen7. sxva wyaros mixedviT, niCbis-
Tan gamarjvebis Semdeg, Teimurazsa da erekles mTeli zafxu-
1 T. Jordania azustebs TariRs da aRniSnavs, rom aRdgoma 1756 wlis
14 aprils iyo. qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa
da mwerlobisa, III, gv. 235.
2 kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tb., 1960, gv. 374.
3 WiWinaZe z., patri nikola rogorc eqimi da misi drois qarTveli
kaTolikeni saqarTveloSi, tf., 1896, gv. 24.
5 iqve, gv. 240.
6 ix. qavTaria m., XVIII saukunis qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis
istoriidan (anton bagrationis epistolaruli memkvidreoba), Tb.,
1977, gv. 27.
146
li gorSi gautarebiaT1. magram ufro mosalodneli iyo Teimu-
razis gorSi darCena, radgan misi ojaxi am dros aq atarebda
zafxuls. erekle kaxeTSi wavida, magram male gorSi dabrunda
da Tan moiyvana xunZaxis batonis mociqulebi, romlebic
ereklesTan Serigebas da mSvidobas iTxovdnen. kaxTa batonma
es sakiTxi mamasTan SeuTanxmeblad ar gadawyvita. Teimurazma
maT ùboZa saboZvari, damoses xalaTiT da gaistumres goridam
da es piri SeuTvales: `Tu Sen Cvenze ara imtyuvno-rao, Cvenc
Senze ara vimtyunoT-rao~2. magram xunZaxis batonma piroba ar
Seasrula da qarTlsa da kaxeTs Seesia.
zemo qarTlSi Seqmnilma viTarebam, gansakuTrebiT lekebis
sistematurma Tavdasxmebma, samefo xelisufleba aiZula qveynis
Tavdacvisunarianobis gasaZliereblad efeqturi RonisZiebani
gaetarebina. erT-erTi aseTi umniSvnelovanesi RonisZieba iyo
morige jaris daweseba. marTalia, morige jaris regularuli
gawveva XVIII s. 70-ian wlebSi xdeboda, magram misi Seqmnis cdas
adgili hqonda 50-ian wlebSi. Teimuraz II-is 1756 wlis
brZanebidan Cans, rom wina (1755) wels Sedgenili yofila `mona-
cvle laSqris~ davTari, romliTac ganisazRvra qarTlis
romel Tavads, an didsa Tu mcire qalaqs, ramdeni meomari
unda gamoeyvana erTi Tvis samyofi sursaTiT. sabuTidan Cans,
rom zemo qarTls yovelTviurad unda gamoeyvana 166 mebrZoli,
sakuTriv gors ki mxolod 6, aqedan 4 cxenosani, da 2 qveiTi3.
magram mefis es RonisZieba, rogorc Semdgomi periodis
sabuTebidan Cans, yovelTvis ar xorcieldeboda4.
Teimurazi jer isev gorSi imyofeboda, roca saqarTvelos
morCili elebis ajanyeba Seityo da maT dasamorCileblad ere-
kle gagzavna. ajanyebis Caqrobis Semdeg `moxsenda ese yoveli
qarTvel batons, wamobrZanda goridan, CamobrZanda soRanlu-
Rsa da Seeyara Zesa Tvissa mefes erekles~5.
1756 w. noembris bolomde dedofali ana-xanumi gorSi iyo.
is goridan waiyvanes mcxeTas, sadac maSin saeklesio kreba

3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 404-406.
4 iqve, gv. 416, 419.
5 iqve, gv. 241.
147
mimdinareobda. anton I-is nacvlad kaTalikosad irCevdnen
ioseb rusTvels, kaxel jandierisSvils1.
1758 w. moxda uaRresad mniSvnelovani faqti. xunZaxis bato-
nma piroba daarRvia da qarTlSi didi jariT SeiWra. orive
mefe TavTavis jariT gorSi movida. magram mefeebs jari emci-
raT da imereTis mefe solomon I-s daxmareba sTxoves. imereTis
samefos osmaleTTan garTulebuli urTierToba hqonda da qar-
Tlisa da kaxeTis mefeebTan kavSiri solomonisaTvis mniSvne-
lovani iyo. solomoni mcire jariT movida gorSi, sadac Tei-
murazi da erekle `daxvdnen sayvarlad~. gorSi gaformda
xelSekruleba megobrobisa da urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb:
`romelsac qveyanaSi mteri Semovideso, erTmaneTs miveSvel-
neTo~2 _ gadawyvites erTxmad da cxovrebaSic ganaxorcieles.
Tavdapirvelad maT erToblivad Seuties koxtas da ConC-
olmusas meTaurobiT qarTlSi Semosul lekTa 8 aTasian jars
da daamarcxes3. solomon I-ma 1759-1760 wlebSi daxmareba gauwia
qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebs lekebisa da ganjis saxanos
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi4. ereklesa da solomons Soris gorSi sa-
fuZvelCayrili TanamSromloba Teimurazis gardacvalebis Sem-
degac grZeldeboda.
1761 w. gors kvlav lekebi daesxnen. maT qalaqs veraferi
daakles, magram àaoxres garemoni~. goris midamoebis amkleb
lekebs ereklem sastiki marcxi agema. igi yaraiaze dauxvda maT
da `daayrevina mun yoveli natyvenavi~5.
1765 w. 4 agvistos anton I kaTalikosis mier zaal orbeli-
anisadmi gagzavnili `pirobis wignidan~ vigebT, rom erekle
mefe sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi gorSi imyofeboda6, mag-
ram ar Cans rasTan dakavSirebiT.
XVIII s. 60-iani wlebis dasaruli imiTac aris mniSvnelo-
vani, ruseTis jari Semodis Cvens qveyanaSi. es sakiTxi amjerad
1 iqve, gv. 244.

2 iqve, gv. 246.
4 burjanaZe S., solomon I-is mefobis pirveli periodi, gv. 94-95.
5 Teimuraz bagrationi, axali istoria, gv. 52; saqarTvelos istoriis
qronikebi, gv. 115.
6 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 862.
148
imdenadaa CvenTvis saintereso, ramdenadac aman garkveuli
kvali daamCnia goris istorias.
qarTl-kaxeTis politikosebma yuradReba miaqcies imereTis
mefe solomon I-is ruseTTan kontaqtebis ganaxlebas. solo-
monma XVIII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi TiTqmis mTeli dasavleT
saqarTvelo gaaerTiana da osmaleTis ramdenime Semosevac moi-
geria, magram 1766 w. mainc damarcxda. sulTanma imereTSi gaa-
mefa osmaleTSi gadaxvewili Teimuraz bagrationi. solomonma
ruseTSi Tavisi elCi maqsime quTaTeli gagzavna da mfarve-
loba an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, fuliT daxmareba iTxova.
mocemul situaciaSi imereTis mokavSireobas ruseTisaTvis
didi mniSvneloba hqonda. 1768 w. daiwyo ruseT-osmaleTis omi.
ruseTs surda osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omSi ara mxolod imere-
Ti, aramed qarTl-kaxeTis samefoc gamoeyenebina. rodesac ruse-
Tis warmomadgeneli xvabulovi (qobulaSvili) imereTidan
qarTlSi gadmovida da erekles moelaparaka, man mizanSewoni-
lad CaTvala ruseTTan samxedro kavSiris Sekvra. erekles
surda ruseTis daxmarebiT osmaleTis mier mitacebuli samcxe-
javaxeTi daebrunebina, War-belqani daemorCilebina da lekTa
TareSi aRekveTa1.
solomon I da erekle II 1769 wlis maisSi erTobliv moq-
medebaze SeTanxmdnen. gadawyvites moskovSi elCi gaegzavnaT.
amave dros cnobili gaxda, rom ruseTidan jari igzavneboda
saqarTveloSi2. marTlac, 1769 w. agvistos damlevs generali
totlebeni mcire razmiT, darialis xeobiT qarTlSi Semovida,
saidanac imereTSi unda gadasuliyo. erekle Sexvda totlebens
da piroba misca, rom osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omSi Caebmeboda da
solomonsac daexmareboda. samagierod ruseTis mTavroba 5
aTasiani jariT unda daxmareboda erekles3.
seqtembris bolos totlebeni imereTSi gadavida, viTomda
solomons unda daxmareboda Sorapnis cixis dapyrobaSi, mag-
ram 13 oqtombers qarTlSi mobrunda. man rusTa razmi jer
cxinvalSi daabanaka4, xolo Semdeg maTi erTi nawili gorSi

2 iqve.
3 maWaraZe v., aspinZis brZola, 1957, gv. 28.
4 iqve, gv. 42.
149
gadmoiyvana1. Cvens xelT arsebuli masalebiT Znelia gavar-
kvioT grafma totlebenma rusTa razmi gorSi ereklesTan
SeTanxmebiT, Tu misTvis Cveuli TviTnebobiT Caayena. saqar-
TveloSi totlebenis moqmedebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin
ufro meore momenti unda vigulisxmoT. marTlac, imave wlis
21 dekembers igi ereklesaTvis gagzavnil werilSi cdilobda
aexsna mefisaTvis Tu ratom Caayena imereTidan gadmosulma
totlebenma mis samflobeloebSi, kerZod, gorsa da cxinvalSi
misi imperatorobiTi udidebulesobis jari2.
1770 w. martSi qarTvelTa da rusTa gaerTianebuli jari
suramidan axalcixis dasapyrobad gaemarTa. rogorc cnobilia,
aspinZis brZolis win totlebenma awyurTan moulodnelad
miatova erekle, rusTa jariT qarTlSi dabrunda da sabolo-
od gamoamJRavna Tavi, rogorc moRalatem. man jer erekles
mier Semorigebuli lekTa cameti beladi daxoca3, rac mefis
lekebTan urTierTobaSi mxolod zians moitanda. amis Semdeg
totlebeni gors miadga, magram, rogorc Cans, ZaliT ver daeu-
fla da duSeTSi gadavida. totlebenma iqidan gamoreka erek-
les mecixovneni da rusi saldaTebi Caayena. rusi generlis
sxva saqmianobaze rom sityva ar gavagrZeloT, imis Tqmac sakma-
risia, rom man ZaliT daiwyo qarTlis mosaxleobis daficeba
ruseTis xelmwifis erTgulebaze. 1770 w. 1 ivliss erekle a. r.
mouravovs swerda, rom totlebenma qarTlSi 3-4 cixe miitaca,
samRvdeloebas, Tavadebsa da aznaurebs aficebda, Canda, rom
mas qarTlis dapyroba surda. goris cixezec samjer gagzavna
razmi, raTa ZaliT daepyro, magram erekles mier dayenebulma
dacvam ar SeuSva4. daaxloebiT igivea gadmocemuli erekles
werilSi (1770 w. 7 agvisto) graf n. i. paninisadmi: `totlebenma
wagvarTva oTxi cixe-simagre. Cven amaSi winaaRmdegoba ar
gagviwevia, magram roca is Seecada waerTmia CvenTvis goris
1
Грузии, т. I, с. 444.
2
Тамже, с. 447.
3
4
150
cixe, Cven amis neba aRar miveciT, vicodiT, rom mas aseTi
brZaneba ar hqonda misi imperatorebis umaRlesobisagan~1.
arasworia cnoba, romlis mixedviT, awyuridan dabrunebul-
ma totlebenma jari ganalaga cxinvalSi, suramSi da gorSi2.
rogorc vnaxeT, totlebenma, didi survilis miuxedavad, gori
ver daipyro. erekle goris daTmobiT, faqtiurad kontrols
kargavda mTel Sida qarTlze. amas ki igi, ra Tqma unda, ver
dauSvebda.
TbilisSi Wirianobis gamo, (Wiri modebuli iyo mTel saqar-
TveloSi), 1770 w. noembridan 1771 w. aprilamde erekle qarTlSi
(beloTi, mejvrisxevi, gori) imyofeboda. savaraudoa, rom
swored im dros, roca totlebeni goris aRebas cdilobda,
erekle gorSi imyofeboda da mis Tavdacvas xelmZRvanelobda.
am dros gorSi mefis stumari iyo a. r. mouravovi3.
totlebenTan konfliqtis Caqroba ereklem molaparakebiT
scada. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe graf n. i. panins swerda (1770 w. 12
maisi), rom man or-samjer Suamavlebi migzavna totlebenTan da
Sexvedra sTxova. ereklem Sexvedris adgilebad sami punqti
daasaxela: muxrani, Tbilisi da gori, magram Sexvedra ver
Sedga4. totlebenis ganwyobileba erekle mefis mimarT kargad
Cans imave graf n. i. paninisadmi gagzavnili werilidan (1770 w.
11 oqtomberi), saidanac vigebT, rom 11 agvistos totlebens
quTaisidan gorSi polkovnik tiutCevisaTvis òrderi~ gamo-
ugzavnia. totlebeni tiutCevs ubrZanebda, Tu erekle axal-
cixeze salaSqrod ar wavidoda, maSin qarTl-kaxeTis mefe
mtrad gamoecxadebina da ise mopyroboda, rogorc saxelmwifo
moRalates5.
1
Вейденбаум Е. Г., Кaвказские этюды, с. 177; cotniaSvili m., cxinvalis
istoria (cxinvali feodalizmis xanaSi), cxinvali, 1966, gv. 360.
III, gv. 317.
3 vaxtang VI-is dros ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli Tarxanmouravebis
STamomavali.
4
5
151
aseTive pozicia ekava totlebens solomon I-is mimarT.
kapitani nikolai iazikovi goridan werda, rom totlebeni
solomons TaTars uwodebda, xolo erekles _ moRalates1.
1770 wlis dekemberSi kapitani nikolai iazikovi graf n. i.
panins moaxsenebda, rom 23 oqtombers lvovTan erTad mefe
ereklesTan borCaloSi Cavida da paninis werili gadasca. ro-
gorc SeiZleba vivaraudoT garfis werilSi mefis da totle-
benis Serigebaze iyo Txovna. amaze migvaniSnebs meore dRes
erekles mier iazikovisaTvis naTqvami, rom mTeli zafxulis
ganmavlobaSi elodeboda jariT totlebens, raTa mas Seer-
Teboda, magram amaod, rac grafis bralia. miuxedavad amisa
mefem iazikovs sTxova gaegzvna kurieri totlebenTan, raTa
gaego rodis da sad Sexvedroda mas Sesarigeblad, Tavis mxriv
ki uTqvams, rom urCevnia Sexvedris adgili iyos qalaqi gori,
dro ki 25 noemberi. iazikovma meore dResve gagzavna kaci
TviTon ki mefesTan darCa graf totlebenis pasuxis miRebamde.
rogorc irkveva, erekle mefe da iazikovi borCalodan gorSi
gadmovidnen da aq elodebodnan grafisgan pasuxs. amitom
dagigvianeT informaciis gamogzavnao, ebodiSeba iazikovi graf
panins goridan gagzavnil werilSi2.
kapitan-poruCiki lvovi, rogorc 1770 wlis 2 dekembriT
daTariRebul werilSi aRniSnavs, is gorSi erekle mefesTan
cxovrobda, magram ar Cans mefe rodidan imyofeboda am
qalaqSi3. unda vivaraudoT, rom erekle ar daeloda totlebe-
nis werils da masTan Sesaxvedrad Tadarigis dasaWerad
borCalodan gorSi gadmovida.
1770 w. dekemberSi ruseTis mTavrobam totlebeni korpusis
meTauris Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisufla da mis adgilze da-
niSna generali suxotini. isic darialis gziT movida sa-
qarTveloSi. 1771 w. 13 maiss suxotini quTaisSi mivida, sadac
saSinel mdgomareobaSi ixila ruseTis SeTxelebuli jari.
amitom iZulebuli iyo erekle mefisaTvis daxmareba xSirad
eTxova.
1
2
Тамже, с. 174-179
3
152
1771 w. ivnisSi solomon I da suxotini ereklesTan mosala-
parakeblad qarTlSi gadmovidnen. maT undodaT, rom erekle
foTis cixis dapyrobaSi daxmareboda. molaparakeba Sedga 15
ivniss goris maxloblad sof. xelTubanSi. miRebuli iqna
Semdegi gadawyvetileba: suxotini alyas Semoartyamda foTis
cixes, xolo qarTvelTa jars mtris moulodneli Tavdas-
xmisagan unda daecva ruseTis korpusi. am mizniT erekles unda
gamoeyvana 14 300 kaci, romelic Semdegnairad ganawildeboda: 2
aTasi borCaloSi, 2 aTasi kaxeTSi da 300 gorSi. am 4 300 kacs
qveyana unda daecva lekTa TareSisagan, xolo danarCeni 10 aTa-
siani jariT erekle osmaleTis mier saqarTvelos mezoblad
dapyrobil teritoriebs Seutevda. aseve hqondaT ganawilebuli
funqciebi solomon mefes, guriels da dadians1. suxotinma fo-
Tis aReba ver SesZlo, mis jarSi malaria gavrcelda. zafxu-
lSi rom aseTi kompaniis wamowyeba ar SeiZleboda amis Ta-
obaze Tavis droze suxotins jer erekle II, mogvianebiT ki,
solomon I afrTxilebda2.
amgvarad, verc generalma suxotinma gaamarTla Tavisi
mTavrobis imedebi da 1772 w. rusTa jari saqarTvelodan wavi-
da.
1771 w. rusTa jari jer isev saqarTveloSi imyofeboda,
roca erekle II da solomon I, kapitan-poruCikis lvovis
rCeviT, gaerTianebuli ZalebiT suramidan javaxeTSi gadavid-
nen, moarbies da mravali tyve da saqoneli wamoiyvanes3.
erekleze ganrisxebulma sulTanma (solomoni avad gaxda ja-
vaxeTze laSqrobis dros) axalcixis faSas ubrZana qarTlze
lekTa jari gaesia. sainteresoa, rom lekTa mTeli risxva gors
daatyda. 1772 w. 16 maiss lekebi gors daesxnen. `gorelebi
damarcxenen. lekisagan sul qeTxudebi waxdnen, axalcixes
1 vrclad ix. cincaZe i., ori sabuTi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis

istoriidan 1768-1774 ww. ruseT-TurqeTis omSi // enimkis moambe,
1940, #5-6, gv. 355-356; maWaraZe v., aspinZis brZola, gv. 118-119.
2
153
waasxes~1. lekebis Tavdasxmas `mesxur-imeruli~ `dRiuri weri-
lebi~ anu XVIII-XIX ss. qronikebi~, 22 maisiT aTariRebs. qro-
nikis avtorma, albaT, 22 maiss Seityo gorze mtris Tavdasxmis
ambavi da mxolod aRniSna, rom `goreli qosa manuCara da misi
Svili mouklian~. safiqrebelia, rom daRupulni avtoris axlo-
beli adamianebi iyvnen da amitom yuradRebas maTze amaxvilebs2.
lekTa imave Semosevas unda exmaurebodes Teimuraz bagrationi,
roca ambobs: `movidnen kvlavad Seyrilobani lekTa qarTlSi.
maSin qarTlisa da kaxeTis mÃedrobani iyvnen Seyril, garna
ikueTnen ufliscixes, iZlivnen qarTvelni da moswydnen mra-
valni. ganvidnen lekni goris bolos liaxvsa da warvidnen ax-
alcixes~3.
zemoT moyvanili wyaroebis monacemebmze dayrdnobiT SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, rom lekebma gorzec miitanes ieriSi, marTalia,
goris damcvelebi daamarcxes, magram mteri qalaqs ver
daeufla.
imave wlis noemberSi, sulTnis waqezebiT, lekebma qarTli
kvlav moaoxres4.
gareSe mtrisagan ganawameb saqarTveloSi Wiris epidemiac
gaxSirda. 1770 w. maisSi `didi Wirianoba~ gaCnda TbilisSi. mefe
erekle `gorSi Camoibarga dedawuliT~. Wiri gaCnda Semdegi
wlis aprilSi qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, imereTSi, epidemia sami Tvis
ganmavlobaSi Tbiliss avlebda musrs da 4 aTasi kaci imsxver-
pla. ereklem amjeradac gors Seafara Tavi5.
ruseTis jaris saqarTvelodan wasvlis Semdeg ereklem da
solomonma ganizraxes erToblivad ebrZolaT osmaleTis
winaaRmdeg, amas win uZRoda osmalebis cda goris dapyrobisa.
rogor cdilobda mteri goris dauflebas, amas vigebT erekle
II-is werilidan revaz amilaxvrisadmi. gorze mosalodneli
Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb erekles misma kacma acnoba axalcixidan.

III, gv. 325.
2 lomsaZe S., gvian Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriidan. axalci-
xuri qronikebi, Tb., 1979, gv. 137.
3 Teimuraz bagrationi, axali istoria, gv. 54.
5 iqve, gv. 126.
154
`goris galavnis aRebas Turme apireben RalatiT, wers erekle,
ase daudviaT bina, rom venaÃebSi davimalneT da ise Seve-
rivneTo~. erekle miTiTebas aZlevs amilaxvars goris dacvaze:
`rac movla gaewyobodes, kacis dayeneba undodes, Tu galavnis
gamagreba, yvela aRasruleT, burjebi gaamagreT, qeSiki gau-
CineT, Ramis yarauli daayeneT, uzbaS-dahbaSi gaaCineT, Tu
marTla venaxebSi jari Camovides da rac RmerTman SegaZlebi-
nosT, pasuxis micema Tqven iciT. cixe gaamagros, ivanes uTxa-
riT, da galvanic Tqven gaamgareT, rasac ecdebiT, Tqven iciT~1.
ereklem oTxasi kaci 12-13 dRiT goris damcvelTa dasaxma-
reblad gagzavna da revaz amilaxvars dapirda, rom Tu saWiro
iqneboda batoniSvili an TviT mefe jariT mividoda gorSi.
Cvenamde moRweuli sxva wyaroebi arafers ambobs, scades Tu
ara osmalebma xelTYegdoT gori. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
mefis da goris mouravis mier gatarebulma RonisZiebebma
mters ganzraxvaze xeli aaRebina. niSandoblivia, rom amis
Semdeg mefe gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda goris qalaqisa
da cixis gamagrebas. 1773 w. ivnisidan daiwyo jer qalaqis
galavnis gamagreba, xolo Semdeg cixisa, rac sakmaod didxans
gagrZelda.
1773 w. 15 ivniss, erekle II-m, radgan qarTlSi lekTa
Semosevas elodnen, jaris mobilizacia daiwyo. man revaz
amilaxvars da daviT mouravs adgilobrivi jaris Sekreba
ubrZana. isic irkveva, rom lekTa Tavdasxmis muqaris gamo,
suramis mouravma goris Tavkacebs suramis cixeSi Casayeneblad
15-20 kaci sTxova. amilaxvarma suramelebis Txovna ugule-
belyo, erekle amis gamo ganawyenda da brZana: àxlav ormoci
kaci iyos, samoci kaci miaSveleT surams, goridam tyvia-wamali
gamoitaneT, TviTo litra wamali TviTom, Careqi iyos _ meti
Tu naklebi _ tyvia aikidon da erT Rames Sevidnen surams...~2.
imave wlis 24 ivliss ereklem da solomon I-ma gadawyvites
erToblivad gaelaSqraT javaxeTze. solomoni 4 oqtombers
gorSi mivida 5 aTasi mebrZoliT. amdenive hyavda ereklesac.
1 xec, Hd, #13726; gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II-is dros, gv. 10.
2 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 11-12.
155
amgvarad, qarTvel mefeTa 10 aTasianma jarma1 atenis xeoba
gaiara da 16 oqtombers javaxeTSi Sevida. maT artaanamde
miaRwies. solomoni, avadmyofobis gamo, iZulebuli gaxda ukan
dabrunebuliyo, 26 oqtombers ereklec gamobrunda da gorSi
gaCerda2.
erekle II-is da solomon I-is TanamSromloba osmalebis da
lekebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi kvlav grZeldeboda, erekle
yovelnairad uwyobda xels solomonis poziciebis ganmtki-
cebas dasavleT saqarTveloSi. 1774 wlis TebervalSi imereTSi
osmalTa da lekTa jari SeiWra. solomonma maSinve qarTl-
kaxeTis mefes daxmareba sTxova. roca mterma gaigo, rom ere-
klem didi jari Sehyara, gorSi mivida da axalcixisaken mima-
vali gzis gadaketvis saSiSroeba Seqmna, iZulebuli gaxda ukan
daexia. solomonma isargebla mtris rigebSi areulobiT, 5-6
Tebervlis Rames CxarTan Causafrda mters da ganTiadisas
gaanadgura3. solomonma 7 faSa da 600 leki da osmalo daat-
yveva. man lekTa erT-erTi beladi rajaba erekles gaugzavna.
erekles leki moewona, piroba daadebina, rom saqarTveloze
mtrobas miatovebda, gaaTavisufla da misi jaris naSTebTan
erTad qarTl-kaxeTis teritoriaze gavliT samSobloSi dabru-
nebis ufleba misca. amasTan dakavSirebiT, erekles brZanebiT,
giorgi batoniSvilma imave wlis 9 ivniss gorSi revaz amila-
xvars miswera, rom sursaTiT daxmareboda rajabasa da mis
jars: `sam kacs dReSi erTi litra kargi fqvili unda misceT
da kviraSi orjer xorci unda aWamoT, oTx kacs erTi litra
xorci unda misceT da TiTon rajabas sasmeli unda uSovoT
da misceT~4.
zemomoyvanili weriliT iseTi varaudis gamoTqma SeiZleba,
rom ereklem rajaba Tavis vassal-mokavSired gaixada da misi
jari qarTlSi, albaT gorSi an mis maxloblad daayena. sxva
ras unda niSnavdes werilis is adgili, sadac naTqvamia: `Tqven
(revaz amilaxvari _ e.m.) da erisTavi da erisTavis Zma erTad
1
2
3
156
unda SeiyaroT da ise unda gaarigoT. qaixosro murvaniSvilis
Zma luarsab da qitesa Camovlen. amaT unda misceT da eseni
gauyofen jarsa, es sursaTi Tqven unda moagrovoT da amaT
miabarebdeT xolme da saca jars daayeneben, iq unda miutanoT
da eseni miscemen~1.
1774 w. ivlisSi ruseT-TurqeTis omi oficialurad das-
rulda. mefe ereklesaTvis cnobili iyo sazavo molaparakebis
dros ruseTis pozicia saqarTvelos sakiTxis mimarT. ruseTi
jerjerobiT Tavs ikavdebda saqarTvelos mfarvelobaze. aseT
viTarebaSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Tavisi pozicia unda Seemu-
Savebina osmaleTTan Semdgom urTierTobaSi. omis msvlelobis
dros erekle osmaleTis samflobeloebze Tavdasxmas Tu ar
erideboda da amiT garkveulad exmareboda ruseTs, axla ukve
saWiro iyo Tavis Sekaveba. erekle 1774 w. 31 agvistos revaz
amilaxvars afrTxilebda, rom misi sagamgeblodan aRarvin
wavides òsmalos mxarisaken davlaze~. sainteresoa isic, rom,
rogorc werilidan Cans, imave mizniT mimaval lekebs zogjer
saamilaxvrodan qarTvelebic uerTdebodnen xolme. mefe axla
kategoriulad krZalavs amgvar moqmedebas2.
XVIII s. 70-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi gorSi kvlav Tavi iCina
religiurma davam grigorianebsa da kaTolikebs Soris. magram
mogvianebiT (1781 w.) erekle II-em, albaT politikuri da eko-
nomikuri mosazrebiT (man xom imave wels romis paps da
imperator ioseb II-s finansuris daxmareba sTxova3), ara mxo-
lod Sewyvita kaTolikeTa devna, aramed mTeli rigi privile-
giebic mianiWa4.
gorsa da mis midamoebs garkveul vnebas osebic ayenebdnen.
iSviaTi ar iyo SemTxvevebi, roca osTa moTareSe razmebi Zarc-
vavdnen da itacebdnen xalxs5. erekle II-em qarTlSi lekebis
TareSis asalagmavad osebis gamoyeneba ganizraxa. farsadan
1 iqve.
2 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 13, #8.
3
Бутков П., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 гг., ч. II, c. 160.
4 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikoba qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 397-398.
5
Грузинские крксетьянские грамоты, крепостные и судебние акты, грамоты и
письма грузинских и персидских царственных особ (Материалы для истории
древней Грузии). Составитель Д. П. Пурцеладзе, Тифлис, 1882, c. 41.
157
maCablisadmi gagzavnili werilidan vigebT, rogor unda
emoqmedaT osebs. roca lekebi liaxvis xeobiT wamovidnen, osTa
razmebi TamaraSenSi (cxinvalis maxloblad) Seikribebodnen
ori kviriT da mters Sida qarTlisaken ar gauSvebdnen. Tu
lekebi axalcixidan wamovidodnen da cxinvalisaken gaemarTe-
bodnen, gzas erekle gadauketavda. xolo Tu lekebi gorisaken
wamovidodnen, maSin osebi erekles jars SeuerTdebodnen da
erToblivad daicavdnen Sida qarTlis am umniSvnelovanes
qalaqs. erekle farsadan maCabels ubrZanebda daerwmunebina
osebi, rom ereklesTan TanamSromlobis SemTxvevaSi karg jil-
dos miiRebdnen1.
1785 w. agvistoSi mefe erekle aTi dRe gorSi iyo2, magram
ra mizniT, wyaroebi arafers gveubneva. unda vifiqroT, rom igi
goris dacvis organizaciiT iyo dakavebuli.
1785 w. 12 seqtembers omar-xanma 11 aTasi rCeuli jariT md.
alazani gadmolaxa. ereklem gadawyvita qarTl-kaxeTis umTav-
resi qalaqebi _ Tbilisi, gori, Telavi da siRnaRi gaemag-
rebina. am qalaqebSi 8 aTasi kaci Caayena. man imave dros
brZanebebi dagzavna, rom mcire cixesimgareebSi Cayenebuli
razmebi zemoaRniSnul qalaqebSi Seyriliyvnen, magram mravali
ar miuvida3. miuxedavad amisa, erekle mters mzad daxvda da
ukan daaxevina.
yuradRebas iqcevs 1786 w. 16 dekembris cnoba, saidanac Cans,
rom imereTis mefe daviT II (1784-1789) gorSi imyofeboda.
aleqsandre batoniSvili goris mamasaxlis zurabs ubrZanebs:
`goris mamasaxliso zurab, mefe daviTs vaxSmaT oTxi koka
Rvino miarTviT... erTi kokac kvirisTvin ulufis garda mefes
miarTviT momatebuli~4. ismeba kiTxva: ratom unda yofiliyo
daviTYII gorSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad sxva wyaroebi
1 Грузинские крксетьянские грамоты, (Материалы для пятого Археологического

съузда). Составитель Д. П. Пурцеладзе, Тифлис, 1881, c. 26
2
saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 158.
3
Бутков П., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 гг., ч. II, c. 179-
181.
4 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, (aRmSeneb-
loba, saxelmwifo ekonomika, qoneba) / masalebi SearCia da gamosa-
cemad moamzada n. berZeniSvilma, Tb., 1955, gv. 547, #340.
158
ar meguleba. vidre varauds gamovTqvamde, jer mokled unda
gaSuqdes erekle II-is da daviT II-is urTierToba.
imereTSi solomon I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg taxtis ori
pretendenti darCa: daviT giorgis Ze (SemdegSi daviT II) da
daviT arCilis Ze (SemdegSi solomon II). daviT giorgis Ze
solomon I-is biZaSvili iyo da qarTlSi cxovrobda, xolo
daviT arCilis Ze erekles asulis elenes vaJi, mcirewlovani
(12 wlis) iyo da erekles karze izrdeboda. 1784 w. daviT
giorgis Ze da erekle II SeTanxmdnen: taxts daikavebda daviT
giorgis Ze daviT arCilis Zis srulwlovanebamde. magram,
SemdegSi imereTis samefoSi movlenebi ise ganviTarda, rom
erekle ukmayofilo darCa. erekle mefe ukmayofilo darCa
imiTic, rom daviT II-m daiaxlova solomon I-is siZe, qsnis
erisTavis vaJi, elizbari. rogorc Cans, daviTs kavSiri hqonda
qarTlis zogierT msxvil feodalTanac. kerZod, muxran-
batonTan. kacia favleniSvili erekles werda: `mere Tqveni
umaRlesobac gors mobrZanda. da daviT mefis kaci modioda da
muxran batoniSvilTan wigni mihqonda; is kacic daviWire,
ÃelSekruli mogarTviT da imasTan mowerili wignic mogar-
TviT~1. am sabuTidan Cans rogori daZabuli urTierToba iyo
erekle mefesa da daviT II-s Soris. unda vivaraudoT, rom
daviT II gorSi movida ereklesTan arsebuli daZabulobis
ganmuxtvisaTvis mosalaparakeblad.
1789 w. lekTa sakmaod didi jari yaraRajs (sof. dRevandel
kaspis raionSi) daeca. am dros batoniSvili iuloni da giorgi
batoniSvilis vaJi ioane goridan gavidnen, mters zedavelaze
Seebnen, ìZlivnen lekni da warvidnen sircxvileulni~. ar Cans,
batoniSvilebi jariT idgnen gorSi Tu saxeldaxelod
gorelebisagan Sekrebili laSqriT daamarcxes lekebi.
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad gauares-
da XVIII sa. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi iranSi yajarTa di-
nastiis gamefebisTanave. mosalodneli iyo aRa-mahmad-xanis sa-
qarTveloze Tavdasxma. 1791 w. 22 ianvars erekle mefe da ba-
toniSvili iuloni gorSi apirebdnen misvlas da imave dros
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 195, #180.
159
aragvis saerisTaos jarebi daibares muxranSi1. mefisa da
batoniSvilis gors stumroba yajarTa mosalodneli agresiis
winaaRmdeg samzadisTan iyo dakavSirebuli. 1791 w. damdegs aRa-
mahmad-xanma azerbaijani daipyro da amierkavkasiis yvela saxa-
nos morCileba mosTxova. Sahi ereklesac emuqreboda da misgan
ruseTTan kavSiris gawyvetas moiTxovda. sabolood, qarTl-
kaxeTsa da irans Soris daZabuli urTierToba dasrulda 1795
wlis 11 seqtembers Tbilisis saSineli aklebiT. Sahma nax-
Cevanis xans qalbals erekles Sepyroba ubrZana da didi jariT
Jinvalis mimarTulebiT gagzavna. 14 seqtembers qalbalma
mcxeTis maxloblad fonTxelazed jari orad gayo, erTi
gorisaken gaistumra, xolo meores TviTon gauZRva Jinvali-
saken.
gorisaken wasulma jarma, marTalia goramde ver miaRwia,
magram muxrani, samTavisi, Wala, SavSvebi da nawreti aiklo,
Walaze gavliT lamisyanaSi gadavida. lamisyanaSi ioane bato-
niSvili dauxvda, mteri daamarcxa da gafanta. qalbali-xanic
Jinvalidan damarcxebuli dabrunda2.
aRa-mahmad-xanma mxolod rva dRe gaZlo qarTlSi, erekles
Tavdasxmis SiSiT Sepyrobilma 20 seqtembers datova sa-
qarTvelo. mcire xnis Semdeg (3 oqtomberi) `mefe erekles ga-
moCena da gors mosvla Tqves didi jariTa~3. ai ratom SiSobda
aRa-mahmad-xani èreklem xriki ara amitexosrao~.
gareSe mtrebisagan ganawameb qveyanas erekles sicocxlis
bolo xanebSi xelisuflebis dapyrobis mosurne batoniSvilTa
TareSi daemata. mxolod goris Sesaxeb vityvi, rom rogorc
iulon batoniSvili darejan dedofals werda, 1797 w. 22
dekembers (samiode kviris win erekles gardacvalebamde) far-
naoz batoniSvili jer surams daepatrona, Semdeg gori aiklo4.
1798 w. 11 ianvars erekle II TelavSi gardaicvala. manamde
mefem qarTl-kaxeTi batoniSvilebs saufliswulod daunawila,
1 dokumentebi saqarTvelos socialuri istoriidan, II / batonymuri

urTieroba (XV-XIX ss.) n. berZeniSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1953, gv.
158, #252.
3 axalcixuri qronikebi, gv. 177.
4 saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi, #317.
160
riTac gamousworebeli ziani miayena samefos mSvidobasa da
erTianobas. vidre erekle mefe cocxali iyo, batoniSvilebi,
ase Tu ise, mas emorCilebodnen da subordinacias icavdnen.
erekles avadmyofobis dros, gardacvalebamde oTxi dRiT
adre, dedofal darejanis daJinebiT, miiRes memkvidreebis mier
taxtis dakavebis ucnauri wesi: batoniSvilebs, asakis mixedviT,
mimdevrobiT unda emefaT. jer giorgis, Semdeg iulons, mirians
da a. S. roca giorgi XII gamefda, aumxedrdnen Tavis naxevar
Zmebi _ iuloni, vaxtangi, miriani, farnaozi da aleqsandre1.
iuloni qarTlis mefobas iCemebda. gori mis xelSi iyo. erTi
saintereso detalia oman xerxeuliZis qalis barbares mier
platon ioselianisadmi gagzavnil werilSi. oman xerxeuliZem
mTeli weliwadi iulonTan imsaxura, magram batoniSvilma
gasamrjelo ar misca. omanma mefe giorgisTan iCivla. mefem
omans usayvedura, rom man iulons urCia `qarTlis goris cixe
daviWiroTo: qarTli Cveni Seiqmnebao~2. gamefebisTanave giorgi
gorSi mivida da qarTlis Tavadaznauroba `Semoifica~3. mefis
mowinaaRmdege da SfoTis Camomgdebi darejan dedofali Tval-
Tmaqcobda da 1798 wlis 22 aprils gorelebs ubrZana: `samRe-
bros ijaridan aravis ar misceT ra mefis giorgis gardao~4.
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mdgomareobas sagrZnoblad ar-
Tulebda giorgi mefis ruseTTan kavSiriT ukmayofilo mezo-
beli mahmadianuri qveynebis moqmedeba. gansakuTrebiT iranis
baba-xani aqtiurobda, saqarTveloze uzenaes mflobelobas
iCemebda. marTalia, 1798 w. peterburgSi iranis elCi gaaf-
rTxiles rom baba-xans xeli aeRo saqarTvelosa da daRes-
tanze5, magram mdgomareoba kvlav rTuli rCeboda.
dasustebul qveyanas da Semcirebul mosaxleobas musrs
avlebda Savi Wiri. imave wels Savma Wirma ise imZlavra, rom
1 ix. cxovreba giorgi mecametisa aRwerili platon egnatis Zis

ioselianisagan, Tb., 1978, gv. 57.
2 iqve, gv. 64.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 210; Бутков П., Материалы для
новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 гг., ч. II, с. 309.
5 iqve, gv. 211; Бутков П., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по
1803 гг., ч. II, с. 309.
161
Tbilisi mTlad daicala. batoniSvili iuloni Tavisi ojaxiT
(meuRle salome, revaz amilaxvris asuli, Svilebi _ leoni,
luarsabi da solomoni) gorSi gadmovida. rogorc Semdgomi
movlenebidan Cans, iulons axlo urTierToba hqonda gore-
lebTan, raSic garkveul rols, albaT, misi simamri revaz
amilaxvari TamaSobda.
1799 w. noemberSi, ruseTTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis sa-
fuZvelze, saqarTveloSi Semovida ruseTis legioni general i.
p. lazarevis meTaurobiT. saqmeebis Seswavlis Semdeg, ruseTis
mTavrobam daakmayofila giorgi XII-is Txovna da saqarTveloSi
gamosagzavnad sakmaod didi jari gaamzada. amasTan dakav-
SirebiT kavkasiis xazis sardalin generali k. T. knoringi
giorgi mefes Txovda mozdokidan saqarTvelosaken momavali
gza moewesrigebina kavkasiis xazidan jaris gadmosayvanad. is
moiTxovda, agreTve, daemzadebinaT oTxi Tvis samyofi pro-
vianti da furaJi.
statski sovetniki kovalenski 1800 wlis 3 agvistos gen-
eral-leitenant knorings acnobebda, rom ruseTis jaris xorb-
liT uzrunvelyofisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos umTavres
cixe-qalaqebSi _ TbilisSi, gorsa da siRnaRSi SeeqmnaT sawyo-
bebi sursaTisa da furaJisaTvis1.
mefe giorgi XII-is mier knoringisaTvis gagzavnili uTari-
Ro werilidan (dawerili unda iyos 1800 wlis 3-10 agvistos
Soris) Cans, rom sabolood gadauwyvetiaT sawyobebi moewyoT:
TbilisSi _ 2, gorSi _ 1 da siRnaRSi _ 12.
mefes, Tavdapirvelad Tbilisis sawyobebis momarageba ga-
nuzraxavs. rogorc knoringisa da lazarevis maSindeli mimo-
weridan Cans, es RonisZieba sasurveli siswrafiT ar xor-
cieldeboda3.
1
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, т. I, c. 111 #33.
2 imave sakiTxze ix. knoringis 1800 w. 10 agvistos brZaneba general-
maior lazarevisadmi (#44, gv. 132), lazarevis 1800 w. 20 agvistos
werili knoringisadmi. Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Ко-
миссиею,, I, c. 139, #54. ix. agreTve, gv. 142, #59.
3
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, с. 139, #54; с. 142,
#59.
162
1800 w. 8 seqtembers lazarevi knorings acnobebda, rom
axalcixis faSas imereTis mefesTan SeTanxmebiT ganzraxuli
aqvs Tavs daesxas saqarTvelos (qarTlis samefo). sparselebi
naxWevanSi Cadian da aleqsandre batoniSvils gamefebas hpir-
debian, omar-xani ki Tavs daesxa kaxeTs. lazarevis azriT, es
gegma mxolod qaRaldze darCeba, magram mainc kargi iqneba Tu
qiziySi, lekebis sazRvarze daayenebdnen erT batalions, yaza-
xsa da TaTrebSi ors, gorSi erTs, romelsac gaaZlierebda
saqarTvelos jari. TbilisSi iqneboda 2 batalioni1.
gansakuTrebuli viTareba Seiqmna gorSi da, Sida qarTlSi.
igi gandgomili batoniSvilebis dasayrdenad gadaiqca. amitom
mefe giorgi da rusi samxedro da samoqalaqo moxeleebi
mdgomareobis saswrafod mogvarebas cdilobdnen. giorgi mefes
surda gorSi 400 rusi jariskaci CaeyenebinaT `dasasusteblad
mun mefis Zisa iulonis gaZlierebulisa~2. SeiZleba mefis
aseTi survilis gamo sTxovda lazarevi knorings, rom,
rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sazRvrebze, ise gorSi
aucilebeli iyo jaris Cayeneba3. Cans, rom mefis wadili gorSi
rusTa jaris Cayenebis Sesaxeb ver ganxorcielda. rogorc pl.
ioseliani mogviTxrobs: ùrCobaman lazarevisa ver moiyvana
aRsrulebasa esreTi hazri mefisa dasamSvideblad aRreulo-
bisa (gorSi _ e.m.)~. safiqrebelia, rom lazarevi knoringis
miTiTebiT moqmedebda. zemoT vnaxeT lazarevi TviTon Txovda
kavkasiis xazis sardals gorSi jaris Cayenebas. generali la-
zarevi SemdegSic im azrisa iyo, rom goris cixeSi unda idges
1 batalioni qalaqisa da cixis imereTis samefodan Tav-
dasxmisagan da qarTlis samefos Sinauri mtrebisagan da-
sacavad4
rogori mdgomareoba iyo qarTlSi da konkretulad gorSi
1800 w. Semodgomaze, kargad Cans mefe giorgis mier oTar
amilaxvrisadmi gagzavnili werilidan, romelic daTariRebu-
lia imave wlis 21 seqtembriT. `Cven magierad mis brwyinvalebas
baton amilaxvars oTars mravali mokiTxva moxsendes. mere Seni
1
Тамже, I, с. #69.
2 ioseliani pl., cxovreba giorgi mecametisa, gv. 117.
3
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, c. 150, # 69.
4
Тамже, c. 186, #129.
163
wigni mogvivida. (batoniSvili) farnaozisagan soflebis Sewu-
xeba da warTmeva mogewera, da agreTve gorSi mosvla da
gorelebis muqaris moTxovna. im dResac mogwereT da axlac
amas gwerT, Tu an Cveni baton-ymoba ginda an Cveni erTguli
xar, axla gamogiCndeba, rom arc farnaozi SeuSva gorSi da
arc farnaozis kacni da arcara daanebo goridama; Tu an
farnaoz da an farnaozis kacni gorSi SegiSvia, Cvens baton-
ymobazed da Cvens erTgulebazed Ãel-aRebuli iqnebi. _ farna-
ozis kacebs nurafriT nu dazogam, dasturi gaqvs. joxiT,
ketiT, qviT da iaraRiT, TofiT, xmliT, danbaCiT, nurafriT nu
dazogam da nurc SeuSveb da Tu rom daiWer da daWerils
gamogvigzavni da ÃelSi Caigdeb isa sjobs, romelic unda iyos
mand gorSi mosuli kaci da erTis fulisa ara daaneboT-ra, _
ase unda icode. da Seni soflisa osebisagan akleba da agreve
qarTlSi osebisagan aSkaraT jariT siaruli da akleba mo-
gewera; RuTis mowyalebiT mSvidoba aris, osebisaTvis aseTs
saqmes vifiqrebT rasme, rom magaT veRar iTareSon qarTlSi da
veRarcara umtron. goris mamasaxliso da gorelebo! am
saqmezed Tu rom amilaxvars ar eTanxmebiT da farnaozis kacis
SemouSveblobasa da avaT mopyrobazed am saqmezed ar daemor-
CileniT, Cveni mosisxlenic iqnebiT da kidec gardagaxdevinebT;
nu cruobT da nurc alam-yalamobiT, swores piriT da swores
guliT moiqeciT da amilaxvars uqomageT am saqmezeda; da
amilaxvaro, Seni dabareba rom mogvewera, nuRar wamoxval, mag
qveyanas mouare da mandauri da Seni ambavi mogvwere~1.
werilidan Cans, rom Sida qarTlSi arasaxarbielo mdgo-
mareoba iyo. farnaoz batoniSvili ZaliT cdilobda mis
damorCilebas. centraluri xelisuflebis dasustebis gamo
osTa razmebic daTareSobdnen. magram mefes osTa sakiTxi
naklebad awuxebda. misi sazrunavi gorSi Seqmnili situacia
iyo. mefes gansakuTrebiT afiqrebda gorelebis ganwyobileba.
rogorc Cans, isinic arc mefes erTgulobdnen da arc ami-
laxvars emorCilebodnen. isini batoniSvil farnaozs uWerdnen
mxars. gorelebis aseTi ganwyobileba batoniSvilebisa da maTi
agentebis antirusuli propagandiT da iulonis gamefebis sur-
1
Тамже, c. 154, #77; igive werili SemoklebiT ix. Дубровин Н., История
войны и владичества русских на кавказе, III, Санкт-Ретербург, 1886, c. 281.
164
viliT iyo ganpirobebuli, magram sneul mefes aqtiuri moqme-
deba ar SeeZlo.
giorgi XII-is gardacvalebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg, 1800
w. 20 dekembers, amilaxvrebis sarezidencio sofel WalaSi
Seiyarnen batoniSvilebi _ iuloni, vaxtangi da farnaozi da
iulonis erTgulebaze xalxs aficebdnen1. imave dRes daviTi
Tavis Zmas, batoniSvil Teimurazs werda, rom suramidan
Walamde mcxovrebi yvela Tavadi da aznauri Seeyara da gorSi
mieyvana daviTisadmi ficis misacemad. is Teimurazs ubrZanebda:
`Sen (goris _ e. m.) cixeSi iyavio. bevri puri moamarage. Tu Seni
biZebi moisurveben gorSi mosvlas _ ar SeuSva, daamzade tyvia,
denTi. me Sen gniSnav qarTlis nacvlad. Seikribe jari da mzad
iyav. gaige agreTve Seni biZebi ras saqmianoben~2.
20 dekembers, albaT imave WalaSi, Sedgenil iqna mowodeba,
romliTac batoniSvilebma _ iulonma, vaxtangma da mirianma
oTar amilaxvars da gorelebs mimarTes:
`mis brwyinvalebas amilaxvars oTars, erTobiT gorelebs,
samRvdeloTi, saeroTa, qeTxudaTa da sxuaTa. _ mefis ZeTa
iulonisa, vaxtangisa da mirianis mier mravali pativiscemiT
mokiTxva euwyosT. mere es gangecxadosT Tqven, rom Cvens Zman
mefe giorgized Cven sikeTebi migviZRvis, xom yvela kargad
iciT; rodesac sanatreli Cveni xelmwife mama Cveni batoni
miicvala, mas ukan rogor gavamefeT, an rogor erTguleba da
siyvaruli vaCveneT, da an imisi samsaxuri da siamovneba rogor
movindomeT; magram rac imis magieri avi saqmeebi mogvadga
imisgan, an batons dedofals dedas Cvens da an Cvens Zmebs, es
yvelam xom kargad iciT, rom Cvengan arc erTi ar daiTmoboda,
magram radganac ufrosi Zma iyo da mamis Cvenis anderZiTa is
iyo ganwesebuli pirvelad, imisTvis daviTmineT da axla Cvenis
codviT da ubedurebiT Cveni Zma mefe giorgi miicvala. axla
Tqven xom iciT, mama Cveni mefe erekle rogor moWirnaxule
mefe iyo an ojaxze da an qveyanaze: imisic mama iyo da Cvenica.
rogorc imis (erekle II _ e. m.) dadebuli anderZi aris, xom
1 `ciskari~, 1869, #1.

2
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I c. 296, #354.
citirebuli mimarTvis gansxvavebuli interpretacia ix. Дубровин Н.,
История войны и владичества русских на кавказе, III, c. 340-341,
165
kargad iciT, rom Zmebze ufros-umcrosobiT CamorigebiT
ganawesa mefoba da is ganweseba qveynisagan damtkicebuli aris.
axla is Jami movida. mefis giorgi Semdgomi Zma vinca var amas
winaT imis didebulebas ruseTis imperatorsac gamoucxadeT,
agreTve mesazRvre vinc aris ispextori da agreTve aq myof
iaranelebsaca. RuTis samarTliT da mamis Cveni ganwesebiT
amas gwerT, rogorc mamis Cvenis ganwesebuls damtkicebulzed
ise mtkiced unda davsdgeT; Tqvengan mamis Cvenis erTgulebas
garda, es imedi gvaqvs, Tunda Cven ar SegatyobinoT, TiTon
Tqven gangvaRviZebT da TiTon Tqven mogvZebniT, amitom rom
Tqven svindisians kacad gicnobT, rom mefis iraklis anderZis
gatexa RmerTman gaSorosT, da axla is Jamia, rom yoveli
sruli erTguleba da morCileba gviCvenoT; Tu Cveni winaaR-
mdegi giCvenosT vinme da an dagibarosT, ar gaigonoT. Cven
gors garSemo viqnebiT da iq SemogveyareniT, amaze kidec geved-
rebiT, kidec girCevT da kidec gibrZanebT, rom es Cveni sityva
gaigonoT, da Tu Tqven amas iqiT am Cvens sityvas mamiCvenis
ganwesebisamebr daijerebT, Cven am sikeTes gizamT, _ sxvas
siyvaruls da wyalobas garda. Tqveni col-Svilis gulisaTvis
Cvens sisxls davaqcevT da Tu ar daijerebT amowyveta iqneba
da Cvengan am saqmis daTmoba ar iqneba, Cven uvaloni viqnebiT
da Tqven winaSe RuTisa movaleni darCebiT; rogorc Tqven
gwerT, ase mTlad qarTlsa da kaxeTsa vwerT. dekembris k
qronikons upÀ~1
daviT giorgis Zes momxreebi urCevdnen mefed gamoecxade-
bina Tavi. isini xmebs avrcelebdnen, imperators viTom daviTi
daedginos mefed. daviTma mefurad moqmedeba daiwyo. magram
qarTlelebi da, maT Soris gorelebic oTar amilaxvarTan
erTad, iulons emxrobodnen. maT erTgulebis xelwerilic ki
misces iulons2. oTar amilaxvari 2 ianvars batoniSvilebTan
gaiqca3. knoringi werda, rom iulonma qarTlSi Sekriba Tavisi
qveSevrdomebis jari da imaT saxl-kars iklebda, vinc uars
1
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, c. 229-230.
batoniSvilebma daaxloebiT aseTive Sinaarsis mowodeba gaugzavn-
es Tbiliselebs 1801 w. 3 ianvars.
2 `ciskari~, 1869, #1, gv. 7.
3
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, c. 315, #395.
166
ityoda misadmi morCilebaze. iulons didad exmarebodnen
batoniSvili farnaozi da goris mouravi, iulonis colisZma,
oTar amilaxvari. goris cixeSi idga guliakovis muSketerTa
polkis rota kapitan garceviCis meTaurobiT, roca es razmi
gorSi movida, mosaxleobis erTi nawili sixaruliT Sexvda.
iulonTan gaqceuli 30 kaci Tavis ojaxs daubrunda. gorele-
bis moqmedebiT ganrisxebuli iuloni goris midamoebs iklebda.
lazarevis erT-erTi werilis mixedviT, qarTlis TavadTa
didi nawili mefe giorgis anderZidan gamomdinare, daviTis
erTguli iyo, magram batoniSvilebis SiSiT TbilisSi wasvlas
ver bedavdnen TavianTi nebis gamosaxatavad. isini daviTsa da
lazarevs sTxovdnen, rom gorSi misuliyvnen, sadac maT winaSe
wardgomis SesaZlebloba eqnebodaT1. imave dros rusi
generlisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom batoniSvilebi jars agro-
vebdnen da imereTis mefes daxmarebas sTxovdnen. iuloni, ale-
qsandre da farnaozi, romlebmac fexi ver moiki des qarTlSi,
TavianTi ojaxebiT da SinaymebiT imereTSi gadavidnen.
xma gavrcelda: ruseTis jarebma saqarTvelo datova, so-
lomon II-m Tavisi jari batoniSvilebis gankargulebaSi gada-
sca da qarTlze gamoistumrao. magram roca cnobili gaxda,
rom polkovnik simonoviCis grenaderTa polkma suramis, cxin-
valis da goris cixeebi daikava, solomonma Tavis jari daSa-
la da batoniSvilebma xeli aiRes ganzraxvaze2.
pavle imperatoris brZanebis mixedviT, knoringma saqarTve-
loSi gasagzavnad gaamzada potriaginis dargunTa polki,
tuCkovis grenaderTa polki da Tavisi muSketerTa polki, maTi
kuTvnili sapolko artileriiT da mexuTe saartilerio pol-
kis oTxi qvemexiT. amgvarad, saqarTveloSi mdgom ruseTis ja-
ris saerTo raodenoba Seadgenda qveiTTa 8 batalions, kava-
leriis 10 eskadrons, batareis 4 qvemexs, savele artileriis 15
qvemexs da kazakebis aseuls. jari Caayenes TbilisSi, TelavSi,
siRnaRSi, loreSi, duSeTsa da gorSi. gorSi Caayenes tuCkovis
1
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, c. 239-240, #221.
2
Тамже, c. 244, #231.
167
grenaderTa polkis erTi batalioni, egerTa erTi rota da
dragunTa ori eskadroni1.
oTar amilaxvari gorSi dabrunda. daviT batoniSvilma gene-
ral lazarevs sTxova, rom oTar amilaxvari, rogorc SfoTis
Tavi, daisajos rusuli an qarTuli kanonebis mixedviT. daviTi
mis erT-erT seriozul danaSaulad imas Tvlida, rom goridan
amilaxvari ramdenjerme TavisTan daibara, magram ar eaxla2.
oTari marTlac daapatimres. igi Semdegnairad aRwerda Ta-
vis dapatimrebisa da satusaRoSi misadmi mopyrobas: `... mas ukan
Cem mtrebma ase rigad damabezRes batoniSvilis daviTTan, rom
aras glexs ise ar moepyroboda, me ise momepyro, amisTvis, rom
iulon batoniSvili Cemi siZe iyo, erTmaneTs rom mtrobdnen,
imisTvis. gamomisia samoci yazaxi, gors, Cems saxlSi viyavi.
Camomixdnen Rame, mZinare amayenes da gareT gamaTries titvela
da iq erTis glexis tyavi Camacves, gamikres mklavebi, ori
sabelic welze momabes da ise wamomiyvanes qalaqisaken. win da
ukan SubebiT mimiyvanes qalaqSi da TaTris meidanSi saldaTebs
mimabares. damagdes erTs saxlSi. arc kaci mamiyvanes da arc
saWmeli SemouSves Tvinier saldaTis puris meti. Rvinos Txov-
naze erTma saldaTma Tavic gamitexa. viyav am mwuxarebaSi sami
Tve, amasac ar damajeres. saxlSi Tu ram mebada, batoniSvils
Teimurazs amiklebines. daviT batoniSvilis brZanebiT zemo-
xsenebuli saxeloebic CamomarTves, giorgi amilaxvars misces~3.
saqarTveloSi carizmis reJimis damyarebis Semdeg oTar
amilaxvari xelmwifis samsaxurSi Sevida da didi erTguleba
gamoiCina.
1801 w. 16 Tebervals TbilisSi gamoqveynda qarTl-kaxeTis
ruseTis guberniad gamocxadebis manifesti. knorigma aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos samarTvad Seadgina droebiTi mTavroba.
umaRlesi xelisufleba, romelic Sedgeboda rva mdivanbegis
anu mrCevlisagan _ lazarevis meTaurobiT TbilisSi iyo.
uzenaes xelisuflebas eqvemdebareboda cal-calke arsebuli
qarTlisa da kaxeTis mTavrobebi. qarTlis mTavrobis
samyofeli gori gaxda.
1
Дубровин Н., История войны и владичества русских на кавказе, III, c. 340.
2
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, c. 327 , #416.
3
Тамже.
168
goris garegani saxe
feodaluri xanis gorze mravali aRwerilobiTi xasiaTis

cnoba mogvepoveba, magram isini ZiriTadad XVIII s. dasasruls
da XIX saukunes ganekuTvneba. rac Seexeba adreul periods,
mxolod miaxloebiTi suraTis aRdgena SeiZleba.
goris qalaqs, gaSenebuls borcvis samxreT da samxreT-
aRmosavleT ferdobze, ganumeorebel silamazes da mrisxane
elfers aZlevda borcvis Tavze agebuli cixesimagre. albaT
ase gamoiyureboda igi Soreul warsulSic. erTi ram cxadia,
rom goris ganaSenianeba, misi Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebis
gamo yovelTvis erTnairi iqneboda.
XVII s. pirveli naxevris goris da misi aRdgenili cixis
suraTi dagvitova italielma misionerma qristoforo de kas-
telim. Mmis naxatze mocemulia patara qalaquri tipis dasax-
leba da kldovan borcvze aRmarTuli uzarmazari cixe samx-
reTidan, e.i. qalaqis mxridan.
radgan rostom mefem kastels cixis daxatva daavala, man
suraTze mxolod qalaqis is nawili daitana, romelic uSu-
alod cixes ekvroda da iqve gviCvena qalaqis zogierTi
RirsSesaniSnaoba: `naxatze naTlad Cans sami ZiriTadi, erT-
maneTis paraleluri xazi, romlebzec ganlagebulia mwvaneSi
Cafluli sxvadasxva tipis sacxovrebeli saxlebi, eklesiebi,
safiqrebelia, qarvaslac, radgan mis gverdiT Soreuli qvey-
nebidan mosuli mgzavrebi arian dabanakebulni. nagebobaTa erT
kompleqss galavanic ki aqvs Semovlebuli. ferdobis ZirSi,
marjvena wina planze, amxedrebuli Subosnebia gamosaxuli,
maTgan marjvniv ki mozrdili Senobaa _ jaris sadgomad
gankuTvnili. Fferdobze saxedari miizlazneba, albaT wyali
miaqvs mosaxleobisaTvis; mas mamakaci misdevs xelSi saxriT.
cixidan cota moSorebiT, Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT orsarTu-
liani Senoba dgas, romelsac qongurebiani galavani da Ta-
Riani Sesasvleli aqvs. cixe-qalaqs orive mxridan wyali Camo-
udis~1.
1 xucisvili m., goris quCebi // `liaxvi~, gori, 1976, gv. 83
169
qarTvel istorikosTagan vaxuSti batoniSvili iyo pirve-
li, romelmac goris mokle, magram uaRresad saintereso aR-
wera mogvca. igi mogviTxrobs: àman saxeli moigo gorisagam,
romeli aRmosul ars mun didi liaxvis mdinaris kidesa zeda.
da mosdgams am goras aRmosavleTiT kuernaqi, CrdiloT mTa
ruisisa, liaxvis dasavleTad, romeli iwodebis kuernaqadve,
samÃriT mTa bureTisa da gorijurisa. da am mTis Zirs, gorsa
da mTis Sua, dis mdinare mtkuari. xolo qalaqs gors Caudis
dasavliT mdinare liaxvi, da mierTvis liaxvi mtkuarsa
Crdilodam... ars gorasa zeda cixe didi... amis gamoxveuli
liaxvidam liaxvamde qalaqi~1.
somexi anonimi istorikosis mixedviT, rogorc aRiniSna, X
saukuneSi gori ukve mZlavr cixesimagres warmoadgenda. radgan
goris qalaqad gadaqceva daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelTanaa
dakavSirebuli, mis dros unda Catarebuliyo mniSvnelovani
samuSaoebi goris keTilmowyobisa da gafarToebisaTvis. sxvana-
irad arc SeiZleboda, man xom anisidan wamoyvanili somxebis
erTi nawili gorSi daasaxla. sagulisxmoa, rom gadmosaxlebas
da am qalaqSi warmoebul mSeneblobas iseTi farTo masStabi
hqonda, rom Tanamedrove istorikosma maTeos urhaecma es
RonisZiebani qalaqis axlad aSenebas gauTanabra. albaT, Ziri-
Tadad maSin miiRo gorma is arqiteqturuli forma, romlis
aRweris fragmentebi gafantulia Zvel qarTul da ucxour
dokumentur da naratiul wyaroebSi.
mravali cnoba mogvepoveba imis amsaxveli, feodaluri ana-
rqiisa da ucxoeli dampyroblebis SemosevaTa Sedegad, rogor
iwvoda, ingreoda da iZarcveboda gori.
pirveli cnoba goris Zlier dazianebis Sesaxeb ganekuTv-
neba XIII s. dasasruls, osTa xelidan misi daxsnisaTvis brZo-
lis dros. igi daiwva2.
gori XIII-XIV saukuneebSi imdenad dakninda, rom mas erT-
erTi wyaro `daba-qalaqad~ moixseniebs3. magram imave saukunis
80-ian wlebSi gori kvlav aRdga. maSindel sabuTebSi naTqvamia:

2 qarTls cxovreba, II, gv. 296; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 239.
3 somxuri xelnawerTa anderZebis cnobebi, gv. 153.
170
`Semogviwiravs xatisa oqonisaTvis... agerve gors vaWarni eqvsni
maTiTa saxl-kariTa WurmanrniTa da qulbaqiTa~1.
XIV-XV saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelom, marTalia, gauZlo
Temur-lengis urdoebis mravalgzis Semosevas, magram ekono-
mikurad da kulturulad daqveiTda, mosaxleoba Semcirda.
Temur-lengis Semosevebis Semdgom qarTul enaSi gaCnda iseTi
sityvebi, rogoricaa: `naqalaqari~, `nasoflari~, `nafuZvari~,
`navenaxari~, `nasaxlari~...
marTalia gori naqalaqarad ar gadaiqca, magram, rogorc
Cans, igi ise dakninda, rom 1406 w. goreli grigol taTevaci
gors qalaqad ki ara, dabad moixseniebs2. ar gasula didi xani
da mTel saqarTveloSi gaiSala aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi,
romelsac mefe aleqsandre I (1412-1442) meTaurobda. moaRwia
cnobebma rogori yuradReba dauTmo mefem gors, magram unda
vivaraudoT, rom aleqsandre I-is dros, igi aRsdga da ad-
rindeli mniSvneloba kvlav daibruna. albaT amitom ambobda
goreli gadamweri hohanesi, rom ès wminda saxareba daiwera
dedaqalaqSi, romelsac hqvia gori, saqarTveloSi aleqsandres
mefobisas~3. goris gaZlierebis arapirdapir miniSnebad unda
miviCnioT, agreTve, Cvenamde moRweuli ramdenime sabuTi aleq-
sandre I-is droidan. mxedvelobaSi maqvs aleqsandre mefis sami
wyalobis sigeli avTandil zevdginiZisadmi. sigelebidan Cans,
rogor sapatio da Semosavliani Tanamdeboba iyo goris moura-
voba. goris mouravi avTandili ufro winaa dayenebuli vidre
misi Zma molareTuxucesi Taya4.
marTalia qveynis aRdgena xdeboda, magram gadavlili
qariSxlisagan miyenebuli Wrilobebi mainc didxans aCnda. am
droisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebi imdenad
Semcirebuli iyo, rom maT fonze gori mniSvnelovan qalaqad
gamoiyureboda. XV s. 70-ian wlebSi venecieli vaWar-diplomati
josafat barbaro mTel aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi asaxelebs
or qalaqs _ Tbilissa da gors. yuradRebas ipyrobs barbaros
naTqvami uzun-hasanis mier goris gaZarcvis Sesaxeb. unda
1 gsiem, #7601/30.
2 somxuri xelnaweri anderZebis cnobebi, gv. 30.
3 iqve, gv. 55.
171
vifiqroT mterma xelT igdo imdeni nadavli, rom bevris
mnaxvelma venecielma amis aRniSvna aucileblad CaTvala1. amave
dros ewvia gors meore venecieli ambrojo kontarini. `17-Si
(1474 w. ivlisi _ e. m.) mivediT xsenebuli mefis qalaqSi, _ wers
kontarini, _ romelsac gorides hqvia. igi mdebareobs velze
borcvTan, romelzec xis cixea. axlos moedineba didi mdinare
da saerTod kargi adgilia~2. kontarinis naTqvamidan, amjerad,
yuradRebas ipyrobs is, rom XV s. meore naxevarSi qarTlis
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi strategiuli punqti xis cixiT iyo
daculi, rac Temur-lengisa da misi memkvidreebis Semosevebis
Sedegi iyo. igi imdenad dazianda, rom misi sruli aRdgena, e.i.
cixis qviTkiriT xelaxla aSeneba amdeni xnis Semdegac ver
moxerxda3.
araerTi aoxreba ganicada gorma XVI-XVII s. yizilbaSTa da
osmalTa TareSis Sedegad, magram igi qarTlSi mainc mniS-
vnelovan qalaqad rCeboda.
saSinlad ganadgurebuli ixiles gori kaTolike patrebma
1628 w. TamaraSvilis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ìqaurobas jer
isev etyoboda mtris cecxlisa da maxvilis kvali: mcxovrebni
aRarsad Candnen, zogi gaewyvitaT da zogic Sors gadaesax-
lebinaT; mTeli Senoba aRarsad darCeniliyo, mters yvelgan
nacrad eqcia Tlilis qvis saxlebi~4.
goris aRdgena-galamazebis saqmeSi didi roli iTamaSa
qarTlis mefe rostomma (1633-1658), romelic saerTod mzrunve-
lobda qalaqebisa da vaWrobis ganviTarebaze. vaxuSti bato-
niSvilis TqmiT: àqa... mefeman rostom qmna sasaxle yizilbaSTa
rigisa, walkot-savardiTa, didi avazani wylianni did-didni,
Suenierni~5.
1673 w. ianvarSi gori inaxula da misi mokle aRwera dag-
vitova frangma mogzaurma Jan Sardenma `gori patara qalaqia,
1 XV saukunis italieli mogzaurebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb,

gv. 61.
2 Ramuasio G.B. Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi, v. II, Venetia, 1559, p. 115
v.
3 gvritiSvili d., goris warsulidan, Tb., 1951, gv. 7.
172
_ werda Sardeni, _ gaSenebuli or mTas Soris gaSlil vakeze,
mdinare mtkvris napirze, borcvis ZirSi, romelzedac cixe-
simagre dgas da romelsac sparselebi icaven. igi aaSena
sparseTis jaris mxedarTmTavarma rostom-xanma gurjistanis
ukanaskneli brZolebis dros, ormoci wlis winaT... cixe-
simagre kargad ar aris daculi. mis mTavar Zalas misi ad-
gilmdebareoba warmoadgens. garnizoni Sedgeba asi kacisagan.
mis ZirSi gaSenebuli qalaqi pataraa. saxlebi, iseve rogorc
daxuruli bazrebi, alizisagan aris naSeni. mcxovreblebi
vaWrobas misdeven da sakmaod SeZlebulnic arian. aq blomad
da iafad SeiZleba iSovo yvelaferi, rac arsebobisaTvis aris
aucilebeli~1. sainteresoa, rom, Sardenis mixedviT, maSindel
qarTlis `provinciaSi~ sul oTxi qalaqi iyo _ gori, surami,
ali, Tbilisi (Sarde-ni aseTi TanmimdevrobiT CamoTvlis).
magram Sardeni qarTlSi mxolod or punqts Tvlis namdvil qa-
laqad _ Tbilissa da gors2.
holandieli mecnieri n. vitsenic (qarTvelebisagan mirebul
informaciaze dayrdnobiT) XVII s. meore naxevris qarTlSi
mxolod or qalaqs _ Tbilissa da gors asaxelebs3.
goris Semdgom ganviTarebaze uaryofiTi gavlena hqonda
qarTlSi mimdinare dinastiur oms. marto im faqtis aRniSvna
kmara, rom XVII saukunis 90-ian wlebSi qarTlis taxtis
mosurne giorgi XI-s mTeli orweliwadnaxevris ganmavlobaSi
alyaSi hqonda gori. saqme iqamde mivida, rom vaxtang VI-is
janiSinobis dros gori ìyo carieli~4. man gaiTvaliswina go-
ris SesaniSnavi strategiuli mniSvneloba da zogi sxva momen-
tic da `ganaaxla~. is gorSi atarebda `Semodgoma-zafxuls~5.
1 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi,

gv. 295-296.
2 Sardeni ambobs: `Sua dRisas CavediT erT patara qalaqSi, romelsac
ali ewodeba. igi mTebSia gaSenebuli, goridan cxra lies
daSorebiT~. iqve, 279; `surami, kacma rom Tqvas, mxolod da
mxolod dabas warmoadgens. igi ufro pataraa, vidre qalaqi gori~.
iqve, gv. 296.
3
Witsen N., Noort Oster gedelte von Asia en Europa, Amsterdam, 1705, S. 516.
173
vaxuSti batoniSvilis dros, e.i. XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi,
gori kvlav meore qalaqad rCeboda Tbilisis Semdeg.
gori Zlier dazaralda òsmaloba~-`yizilბaSobis~ Sede-
gad. igi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, xelidan xelSi gada-
dioda. 1737 w. Teimuraz II-m yizilbaSTa xelidan goris daxsna
scada. amas Sedegad mohyva is, rom `qsnis xevis jari miesiva
goris qalaqsa da aikles. vinc mTis jari iyo, yvelas dauwyes
gleja da oÃreba... aikles rac daaxeles. saydrebi aaoÃres,
mravali xati daamtvries~1.
1770 wels kapitani iazikovi werda: `qalaqi gori mdebare-
obs mdinare mtkvarze zemoT, Tbilisidan 80 verstze, Semo-
zRudulia qvis dabali da susti kedliT, borcvze Zveleburi
cixea, carieli, romelSic erTi mcveli cxovrobs. amJamad
qalaqis mosaxleoba mcirea, magram nangrevebidan Cans, rom meti
iyo; ramdenime wesieri saxlia, umetesoba ki miwuria~2.
gors mcire dasaxlebul punqts-dabas uwodebs anton mo-
uravovi, romelic aq imyofeboda 1770 w.3 imave periodSi, ger-
maneli i. rainegsic gors mcire qalaqs uwodebs4, maSin, roca
meore germaneli mecnieri i. a. giuldenStedti, qarTlis erTa-
daerT qalaqad gors Tvlis5, xolo s. burnaSevi, romelic sam-
xedro piri iyo, goris qalaqs arc ki axsenebs da mxolod go-
ris cixis Zalian mokle daxasiaTebiT kmayofildeba6.
germaneli i. klaproTi goris cixeze sakmaod vrceli saub-
ris Semdeg gvacnobebs: `qveda qalaqi sruliad udaburad ga-
moiyureba, radgan Zveli Senobebis aRdgena ar xdeba. saxlebis
1 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 122-123

2 Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII столетия, относящиеся к
Грузии, 1, с. 188.
3 Тамже, с. 217.
4 Reinegs J., Allgemeine historisch-topographisch Beschreibung des Kaukasu, II, St-
Petersburg, 1979, S. 75
5 giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, I, germanuli teqsti
qarTul TargmaniTurT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo g. gela-
Svilma, Tb., 1962, gv. 279.
6 Бурнашев С., Картина Грузии или описание политического состояния царств
Карталинского, Тифлис, 1896, с. 8.
174
didi umravlesoba miwuria. iseve rogorc TbilisSi~1.
marTalia, i. klaproTi gorSi SedarebiT gvian, 1808 wlis
maisSi, imyofeboda, magram am dros goris garegnobaSi bevri
araferi Seicvleboda CvenTvis saintereso periodidan. amaSi
kidev ufro davrwmundebiT Tu erTmaneTs SevadarebT iaziko-
visa da klaproTis goris aRweras zemoT rom gavecaniT.
feodaluri xanis goris garegnobaze garkveul warmodgenas
gviqmnis al. TumaniSvili 1816 w. gamocemul Tavis broSuraSi.
masSi calkea gamoyofili `qalaqis saxe~. Tavis mSobliur
qalaqze Seyvarebulma avtorma, gazviadebulad warmogvidgina
igi. magram al. TumaniSvilis mier aRwerili goris `qalaqis
saxe~ imiT aris mniSvnelovani, rom igi ZiriTadad emTxveva Cem
mier zemomoyvanili wyaroebis monacemebs. al. TumaniSvili
wers: `qalaqs aqvs mrgvali amfiTeatris saxe. romlis wriuli
xazi iwyeba cixis dasavleTi wertilidan da swori wris
msgavsad Semouvlis ra mas, SeuerTdeba Tavis sawyis wertils.
cixec, aseve, iwyeba Tavisi dasavleTis wertilidan, grZeldeba
centramde qalaqisa, romelic Sedgeba TiTqmis mxolod qvis
nagebobebisagan da Semofargululia maRali qvis kedliT.
masSi quCebi swori da ganieria, saxlebi magari, lamazi da
Sedgeba saWiro raodenobis palatebisagan; moednebi farTe da
sworia, eklesiebi uzarmazari da didebulad Semkuli... sxvaTa
Soris qalaqSi SemorCa ramdenime saxli, romlebmac dRemde
SeinarCunes Tavisi warsuli sidiade. rac vTqviT (qalaqis _ e.
m.) gare baRebis Sesaxeb, igive unda vigulisxmoT Sina
baRebzec. isini irwyveba qalaqSi gangeb gayvanili ruebiT. qa-
laqis garSemoweriloba Seicavs 25 000 kvadratul saJens~2.
axla, rodesac ukve zogadi warmodgena gvaqvs goris gareg-
nobaze, Cem xelT arsebuli wyaroebis saSualebiT Sevecdebi,
SeZlebisdagvarad, warmosaxviT aRvadginoT misi calkeuli
detali.
feodaluri xanis sxva qalaqebis msgavsad, goric iyofoda
or nawilad _ qalaqad da cixesimagred.
1 Klaproth J. von, Reise in den Kaukasus und nach Georgian unternommen in den Jahren
1808, II, Halle und Berlin, 1814, S. 327.
2 Туманов А. Б., Описание грузинского города Гори, СПБ., 1816, с. 22-23.
175
daviwyoT qalaqiT1
1 gegma daculia moskovSi: Центральный государственный военно-

истортческий архив, фонд ВУА, №21898
176
galavani
marTalia qalaqs mZlavri cixe icavda, romelSic mosax-

leobas Tavis Sefareba SeeZlo, magram qalaqis irgvliv raime
zRude mainc aucilebeli iyo mtris manamde Sesakaveblad,
vidre moqalaqeni cixes Seefarebodnen. goris SemTxvevaSi
aucilebeli ar iyo qalaqi maRali, sqeli, koSkebiani kedliT
daecvaT. sakmarisi iyo miwayrili, qvis, alizis an xis kedeli.
albaT esaa mizezi, rom goris qalaqis damcveli galavanis
arseboba adreul periodSi arqeologiurad jerjerobiT ar
dasturdeba, magram seriozuli kvlevis Sedegad ar SeiZleba
misi kvali ar aRmoCdes. qalaqis irgvliv arsebuli susti
damcavi kedeli ganapirobebda, rom mteri mas SedarebiT iolad
eufleboda, maSin roca cixis aReba rTul saalyo Ronis-
Ziebebs moiTxovda.
goris damcveli kedlis Sesaxeb cnobebi mxolod XVII s.
Sua xanebidan gvaqvs, magram warmoudgenelia, rom mis gareSe,
feodaluri sazogadoebis pirobebSi, saukuneebis manZilze,
saqalaqo cxovrebas mieRwia Tundac im donemde, rac gorSi
iyo.
somexi anonimi istorikosis (fsevdo-Sapuhi) mixedviT, gori
mZlavr cixesimagres warmoadgenda jer kidev X saukuneSi.
gori sakmaod gamagrebuli qalaqi unda yofiliyo XIII sauku-
neSi. mas Semortymuli unda hqonoda zRude. JamTaaRmwereli
aseT zRudes gulisxmobda, roca is osebisagan qalaqis gaTa-
visuflebisaTvis brZolas aRwerda: `maSin Sekrbes qarTlis
erisTavisa begas Zesa amadas winaSe yovelni qarTvelni, da
moadges gorsa. da mravalgzis Seebnes, da qalaqsa Sina mra-
vali kaci mokuda, ovsica da qarTvelica~. qarTvelni utevdnen
da qalaqis zRudis dauflebas cdilobdnen. amis gamo iyo, rom
mravali osi da goreli daiRupa, roca qarTvelTa jari qala-
qSi Sevida, osebi cixeSi gamagrdnen. qalaqi didad dazianda.
igi xanZarma STanTqa.
giorgi V brwyinvales osebis goridan gansadevnad 3 weli
daWirda. am drois ganmavlobaSi qalaqs alya hqonda Semor-
tymuli da, sabolood, igi SturmiT aiRes, rac qalaqs didad
daazianebda. osebis batonobam qalaqi, ra Tqma unda, ara mxo-
lod daazarala, daaknina kidec.
177
pirveli werilobiTi cnoba goris galavnis Sesaxeb rostom
mefis droindelia. mefe rostomma, roca gorSi farTo
saamSeneblo saqmianoba gaSala sasaxlisa da sxvaTa nagebobaTa
asagebad saWiro miwis nakveTebis naklebloba imiT Seavso, rom
`rac galavnis SigniT mamuli hqonia gorginajaSvils da rac
axlos alagi samosaxlod gamourTmevia, sanacvlod uboZebia
Sors, axlos adgili mijnebiTurT daniSnuli~1.
sainteresoa, rom Semdgom periodSi, kerZod, 1672-1673 wleb-
Si, Jan Sardeni pirdapir miuTiTebda, rom saqarTveloSi sxva
galavniani qalaqi, garda Tbilisisa, ar ariso2.
gagviWirdeba raimes Tqma Sardenis am cnobis gamo. rogorc
zemoT vnaxeT, qarTuli wyaro pirdapir laparakobs galavnis
Sesaxeb. gamoricxulia masSi cixis da ara qalaqis galavani
igulisxmebodes. cixis SigniT gana ra mamuli unda hqondes
gorgijanaSvils, rom sasaxlis asagebad ekmara. arc iseTi ram
momxdara im dros, romelsac SeiZleboda seriozuli ngreva
gamoewvia. mxedvelobaSi unda gvqondes isic, rom qarTuli da
franguli wyaroebi TiTqmis erTsa da imave periodis gorze
laparakoben.
goris galavani unda igulisxmebodes 1711 wlis erT sab-
uTSi. masSi vkiTxulobT: `TayinaSvilisaken aqaT marnis karam-
di rasac marnis kedeli Caitans, galavnis kedelSi rom xaTili
aris, imaze rom dastaki akravs, is Suas kedelSi unda
movides~3. goris galavanze miuTiTebs oman xerxeuliZe 1774
wlis ambebTan dakavSirebiT. osmalebma TedowmindasTan Zleu-
li qarTvelebi da yizilbaSebi `gamoaqcies da mohyvnen goris
galavnis karebamde~4.
XVIII saukuneSi, kerZod 1770 w., gors Semovlebuli hqonda
qvis kedeli. rusi kapitnis, iazikovis TqmiT, is `dabali da
susti kedeli iyo~5. imave wels mouravovi graf paninisadmi
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1451, #18.

gv. 325.
3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 235, #160.
4 qarTlis cxovreba, II, CubinaSvilis gamocema, gv. 480.
5 Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII столетия, относящиеся к
Грузии, I, с. 89.
178
gagzavnil werilSi gors aRmosavleT saqarTvelos im dasax-
lebul punqtebs Soris asaxelebs, romlebsac qvis galavani
hqonda1. goris galavani naxsenebia, agreTve, 1797 wlis erT
sabuTSi2.
saocaria, rom goris 1802 wlis gegmis mixedviT, qalaqs
gars evleboda alizis kedeli. Tu 1770 w. rogorc zemoT vna-
xeT, kedeli qvisa iyo, ratom unda daengriaT, Tundac igi
`dabali da susti~ yofiliyo. 1793 wlis sabuTSic `qvitkiris
kedlebia~ miTiTebuli3. i. klaproTi aRniSnavda, rom gors
Semovlebuli aqvs wriseburi galavanio4. iseT dakvirvebul
mogzaurs, rogoric klaproTi iyo, mxedvelobidan ar gamor-
Ceboda qalaqis irgvliv alizis kedlis arseboba. avTandil
TumaniSvilis drosac (XIX s. dasawyisi) gors qvis kedeli hqo-
nda5.
amgvarad, gegmis Semdgeneli scodavs, roca qalaqis gala-
vans aliziT aSenebulad miiCnevs.
XVIII s. 70-iani wlebis dasawyisidan goris gamagreba-
dacvisadmi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba erekle II-em gamoiCina.
goris qalaqis gamagrebas, kerZod, galavnis ganaxlebas,
moiTxovdnen revaz amilaxvari da giorgi yularaRasi. maTi
werilis pasuxad 1772 w. 29 Tebervals erekle acnobebda: àmas
garda goris galavnisa rom mogeweraT, Cven Sua SevawereT da
xandaki unda gaaWrevinoT. xandaks xuTi gani unda hqondes da
oTxi adli siRrme, ase unda gaakeTebinoT~6 imave dros mefes
cixis ganaxleba ganuzraxavs. yvela es samuSao, misi brZanebis
Tanaxmad, imaT unda SeesrulebinaT, `vinc gorSi arian xizani
da mekomuri~.
1 Тамже, с. 217.
2 gsiem, #17636/5.
3 iqve, #149.
1808, II, S. 325; misive, Beschreibung der Rossischen Provizen zwischen den
Kaspischen und Schwarzen Meere, Berlin, 1814, S. 56 .
5 Туманов А. Б., Описание грузинского города Гори, с. 23.
6 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 9. i. berZniSvils ratom-
Rac egona, rom erekle II cixis galavnis gamagrebas apirebda. ix.

misi, goris cixe, gv. 46.
179
1773 w. 27 marts revaz amilaxvarisadmi gacemuli oqmidan
irkveva, rom goris galavani am droisaTvis ukve dasrulebuli
iyo1. magram misi srulyofa SemdegSic grZeldeboda. imave wlis
3 ivnisis brZanebiT revaz amilaxvars da goris meliqs
galavnis jixurebis2 dadgma daevalaT. gaTvaliswinebuli iyo
sul rva jixuri. aqedan 4 unda daedgaT imaT, vinc goris
galavnis SigniT saxlobda, e.i. gorelebs, xolo danarCeni 4
`vinc goris cixeSi soflebi daixizneba~3.
erekle II-is mier goris qalaqisaTvis Semovlebuli gala-
vani unda iyos asaxuli 1802 wlis goris gegmaze. magram
gegmaze xandaki da Cardaxi ar Cans4.
galavnis warmosaxviTi rekonstruqciis saSualebas iZleva
1802 w. gegma5. galavani iwyeboda borcvis Crdilo ferdobis
Ziras, daaxloebiT iq, sadac dRes rusTavelis memorialia.
kedeli jer pirdapir md. mejudisaken midioda, Semdeg mdinaris
napirs aRmosavleTiT gauyvevboda, Semofarglavda meore
saSualo skolis teritorias, i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeums,
yofili inturistis Senobas, mividoda i. b. stalinis moednamde.
Sebrundeboda dasavleTiT, gaivlida fostis, Teatris
midamoebs, amilaxvrebis yofil sasaxles da midioda wereTlis
quCaze amJamindel restoran `berikonTan~. Kkedeli aq, e. w.
`TurqeTis karTan~ wydeboda. gegmaze dasmuli wertilebi
migvaniSnebs, rom winaT kedeli grZeldeboda dRevandeli
kastelis quCis gayolebiT da uerTdeboda `cxra karis~
dasavleT wvers. dazustebas moiTxovs S. mesxias mosazreba,
rom `liaxvis SedarebiT amaRlebuli napiridan mokidebuli
vidre cixis Crdilo-dasavleT wveramde qalaqs im xazis garda,
sadac qalaqis kari iyo, kedeli ar hqonia, aqedan qalaqis
dacva, rogorc Cans, liaxvs hqonia mindobili~. rogorc
aRiniSna, gegmaze kargad Cans, rom adre liaxvis mxridanac
1 saistorio momabe, I, gv. 10.

2
jixuri _ konteqstis mxedviT unda niSnavdes xis nagebobas gu-
SagisaTvis.
3
iqve,Ugv. 11.
4
Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд ВУА,
№21898; ix. agreTve, mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 319, 397.
5
Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд ВУА, 20548.
180
kedeli iyo, magram SemdegSi daingra, rac, albaT, imave lia-
xvis `damsaxureba~ iyo.
XVIII s. 80-ian wlebSi rusi samxedro inJineri s. burnaSevi
gors, marTalia, Zvelebur yaidaze gamagrebul qalaqad
Tvlida, magram iqve SeniSnavda: Tavisi mdebareobiT ara mxol-
od adgilobrivi xalxebisaTvis, aramed evropelebisTvisac
Znelad asaRebi iqnebao1.
zemoT ukve iTqva, erekle II-em seriozuli samuSaoebi Ca-
atara goris dacvis, kerZod, misi galavnis gasamagreblad,
magram, rogorc irkveva, gatarebuli RonisZiebani sakmarisi ar
iyo. gori mainc saimedod ar iyo daculi. qarTl-kaxeTis
ukanaskneli mefis giorgi XII-sadmi wardgenil samefos gardaq-
mnebis proeqtSi (1799 w.), ioane batoniSvili goris qalaqis
galavnis Semdegnairad gadakeTebas moiTxovda: `Tu jer xanad
ver SeviZloT amis xelxeba, gors garSemo Semoevlos didi da
Rrma Txrili, Signidam amoviyvanoT didi galavani, ors-ors
adgilzed gaukeToT didroni burjebi sangrad, garedamac
amoviyvanoT miwis pirad kedeli da ese avavsoT fSnebis wyliT.
am galavnis kedlebis gverdze, gauyoT saxlebis adgili
TavadaznaurT, agreTve glexTa saxiznad, gakeTdes zeiTi cixe,
vidre rac akldes da gaiwyos esec am saxed~2. saqarTvelos
ruseTTan SeerTebis Semdeg am proeqtis ganxorcieleba dRis
wesrigidan moixsna.
galavanSi sami WiSkari iyo. TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saxe-
li hqonda: ìmereTis WiSkari~, `muxranis WiSkari~ da `Turqe-
Tis WiSkari~. WiSkrebi ganlagebuli iyo Semdegnairad: ìmere-
Tis WiSkari~ iyo dRevandel II saSualo skolasTan, `muxranis
WiSkari~ dRevandeli goris saxelmwifo universitetis pirvel
korpusTan, xolo `TurqeTis WiSkari~ amJamad aris restorani
`berikoni~.
iSviaTad Sevxvedrivar werilobiT wyaroebs, sadac qalaqis
WiSkris Sesaxeb iqneboda raime cnoba. mxolod 1797 wlis
nasyidobis wignSi naxsenebia `goris WiSkari~, romelic mdeba-
reobda cixis Crdilo-dasavleTiT, md. mejudas mxares, aqedanve

Карталинского, c. 8.
2 ioane bagrationi, sjuldeba, gv. 54.
181
gadioda e. w. `Temis Sara~1. werilobiTi cnobis da gegmis
monacemebis SejerebiT dgindeba rom `goris WiSkari~ igive
ìmereTis WiSkaria~.
ubnebi da dasaxlebebi
goris ubnebisa da dasaxlebebis Sesaswavlad umniSvnelo-

vanes cnobebs Seicavs `1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi
davTari~. unda aRiniSnos, rom davTarSi moTavsebuli cnobebi
Seexeba ara mxolod qalaqis, aramed mis mimdebare im terito-
riebsac, sadac ganfenili iyo gorelebis sasoflo-sameurneo
savargulebi, magram iq dasaxelebuli yvela toponimis ganma-
rteba ver xerxdeba. sanimuSod moviyvan erT adgils: `sazRvari
xsenebuli kazasi2 mdinare elbajidan zemo saTavemde da
axaldabis gziT, iqidan rinjes sazRvramde, iqidan ki sofel
berbukis sazRvramde, iqidan rinjes selbis zeda gorakamde.
iqidan xuilisxevis sazRvramde, iqidan ki mdinare gozas qveda
saTaveebTan mTavrdeba~3.
mcire da gansxvavebuli cnobebi gvaqvs goris ubnebis Se-
saxeb. gori, sxva qalaqebis msgavsad, ubnebad rom iyofoda,
amaze miuTiTebs farsadan gorgijaniZe, roca igi rostom mef-
isa da Teimuraz I-is urTierT brZolis epizods gadmogvcems:
`kidev goridam anbavi movida _ wuxelis batoni Teimuraz gors
daesxa... ubansa da ubansa Tavisive kacebi uCineTo~4.
yvelaze adrindeli cnoba, romelSic goris ùbania~ dasa-
xelebuli, aris 1579 wlis sveticxovlis mamulebis ganaxlebis
wigni. gorSi iyo `xarebis saydris ubani~ da `sufrajianT
5
ubani~ . 1711 wlis erT sabuTSi aris goris adgilebi _ `dam-
1 gsiem, #7636/5.
2 kaza _ osmaluri administraciuli dayofiT sanjaySi Semavali
mcire administraciuli erTeuli.
3 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, gv. 449.
4 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria. s. kakabaZis gamocema // `saistorio
moambe~, II, Tb., 1925, gv. 243.
5 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III (aRmSe-
nebloba, saxelmwifo ekonomika, qoneba), gv. 547, #180.
182
pala~ da `suluxi~1. pirveli qalaqis gareT unda yofiliyo,
rac Seexeba meores, igi iwyeboda cixis CrdiloeTiT ferdobis
Ziras, amJamindeli rusTavelis memorialidan da vrceldeboda
dasavleTiT `cxrakaris~ ukidures dasavleT wertilamde.
`suluxi~ gvxvdeba erekle II-is droindel zogierT sabuTSi.
erekles droindeli sabuTebiT Tu vimsjelebT, `suluxi~
goris cixis maxloblad, raRac gamagrebuli adgilis saxeli
iyo. `zeiT goris cixe da suluxi rac gasakeTebeli aris, is
Cvensa da gorSi msaxlobelT, vinc gorSi arian xizani Tu
mekomuri, _ imaT unda gavakeToT~ _ ubrZanebs erekle revaz
amilaxvars. imave revaz amilaxvars, goris meliqsa da gore-
lebs erekle ubrZanebs àm zafxuls suluxis mxares da zeiT
cixezed imuSaveTo~2. `suluxi~ rom `zeiT cixezed~ ar mdeba-
reobda amaze naTlad migviTiTebs zemoxsenebuli 1771 wlis
sabuTi: `rac urmiT moitanebodes suluxidam imis gzas garda
da kaWkaWuri quevri aris~3. suluxi, rogorc davinaxeT, raRac
gamagrebuli adgilis saxeli iyo. saqarTvelos ruseTTan
SeerTebis Semdeg, rodesac qalaqma galavani gadalaxa, cixis
CrdiloeT ferdobze warmoiSva imave saxelwodebis ubani. igi
iwyeboda rusTavelis memorialidan da vrceldeboda dasavle-
TiT `cxrakaris~ ukidures dasavleT wertilamde. rac Seexeba
`dampalas~, igi qalaqis galavnis gareT unda yofiliyo.
sabuTSi vkiTxulobT: èrT wilad dampalaSi osinanT miwisaken
gzas iqiT riyianzed aZes Waobisaken, fardad ergo Cems
biZaSvils svimons~4.
1660 wlis dokumentSi dasaxelebulia `kldis ubani~5, rome-
lic, saxelwodebis mixedviT Tu vifiqrebT, cixis samxreTiT
dasaxlebas moicavda.
davTaris mixedviT SeiZleba erTmaneTisagan gavmijnoT
ubani da dasaxleba. ubani qalaqis galavnis Sida erT-erTi da-
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 324-325.

2 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 9, 13.
4 iqve, gv. 234.
5 iqve, gv. III. saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi (XI-XIX ss.). teqsti
gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo i. doliZem, III, Tb., 1970,
gv. 528.
183
nayofi iyo, romelSic mosaxleoba Tavs iyrida socialuri,
eTniuri an konfesiuri niSnis mixedviT. xolo dasaxlebebi iyo
qalaqis galavnis gareT da feodaluri goris Tanamgzavrebs
warmoadgenda.
albaT, es dasaxleba Seadgenda rabaTs, rogorc igi Tur-
qul wyaroSia saxeldebuli. rabaTi, g. fuTuriZis ganmartebiT,
aris `cixis gareubani, romelic galavniT iyo SemozRuduli~1.
rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT am ganmartebaSi ver jdeba
davTarSi mocemuli goris dasaxlebebi. igi goris dayofis
gansxvavebul saxes warmogvidgens: kldovani borcvis zeda
nawilze aRmarTulia goris cixe. samxreT ferdobze gaSene-
bulia qalaqi, romelic SemozRudulia galavniT da dayofi-
lia ubnebad. qalaqis galavani dasavleTidan da Crdilo-
aRmosavleTidan uerTdeba cixis kedlebs. qalqis mosaxleoba
gare samyaros ukavSirdeba sami WiSkriT _ imereTis, muxranis
da TurqeTis WiSkrebiT. is, rac goris galavnis teritoriaze
dasaxlebebi iyo, Seadgenda goris rabaTs. misi mosaxleoba,
xifaTis dros galavani Tu ver daicavda, cixeSi afarebda
Tavs. rogorc Cans, osmalebma aRweris Semdeg goris teritoria
da mosaxleoba TavianTi Sexedulebis mixedviT, dasaxlebebad
dahyves da pirobiTi saxelebic mianiWes.
davTris mixedviT, goris rabaTi Sedgeboda Semdegi dasax-
lebebisagan:
givis dasaxleba. albaT, igulisxmeba XVIII s. pirveli naxe-
vris saamilaxvros ufrosis, zemo qarTlis sadroSos sardlis
da goris mouravis, givi amilaxvris (1689-1754, 1757) saxelTan
dakavSirebuli dasaxleba. givis saxeli osmalebs am dasaxle-
bisaTvis unda ewodebinaT am didi feodalis mier dampyro-
blebisaTvis gaweuli didi samsaxurisaTvis.
XVIII s. 20-ian wlebSi, òsmalobis~ dros, givim imas mi-
aRwia, rom gorSi sasaxle da e. w. amilaxvrebis eklesia aaSena.
man imasac miaRwia, rom qalaqis im nawilze, sadac mas sasaxle
da sagvareulo eklesia aago, osmalebma gansakuTrebuli
1 evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~, gv. 158. rabaTi artanujisa da d

ujarmis magaliTze Seiswavla v. gabaSvilma. ix. misi, saqarTvelos
qalaqebis istoriidan (artanuji da ujarma // saqarTvelos
იstoriis aRmosavluri masalebi, naw. I, Tb., 1973, gv. 3-18.
184
uflebac mianiWes. es dasaxleba unda yofiliyo iq, sadac 1802
wlis goris gegmaze, qalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi, amJamindeli
i.b. stalinis memorialuri kompleqsis, IX sajaro skolisa da
sastumros teritoriazea aRniSnuli amilaxvrebis eklesia. iqve
unda yofiliyo amilaxvrebis sasaxle.
rosTomis dasaxleba _ igulisxmeba rostom mefis mier
gaSenebuli ubani. rogorc cnobilia, rostom mefem (1633-1658)
didi yuradReba miaqcia goris aRdgena-galamazebas. vaxuSti
batoniSvilis TqmiT: àqa... mefeman rostom qmna sasaxle yiz-
ilbaSTa rigisa, walkot-savardiTa, didi, avazani didi-didni,
Suenierni~1. cnobili wyaroebidan ar Cans, mefem goris romel
monakveTSi awarmova mSenebloba. saeWvoa, rom man mSvenieri
sasaxle qalaqis galavnis gareT aago, radgan ganuwyveteli
omianobis periodSi misi dacva praqtikulad SeuZlebeli
iqneboda. galavniT SemozRudul qalaqis mcire teritoriaze
imgvari saamSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoeba, rogorzec vaxuSti
gadmogvcems, gamoiwvevda seriozul cvlilebebs mis Zvel
dagegmarebaSi da Secvlida mis istoriul ier-saxes. rostom
mefis mier Seqmnil-galamazebul ubans daerqmeoda `rosTomis~
dasaxleba.
Semdgomi periodis cnobil werilobiT wyaroebSi aRara-
feria `rosTomis~ dasaxlebaze, rac Sedegi unda iyos saomari
moqmedebebisa, romelTa Sedegad gori uaRresad dazianda.
savaraudoa, es is ubani iyos, romelsac 1710 wlis erT-erT
sabuTSi `nawalkotari~ hqvia2.
vardisubnis dasaxleba. unda igulixmebodes galavnis Sig-
niT, cixis borcvis samxreTi ferdobis mosaxleoba. igi erT-
erTi uZvelesi iyo goris ubnebs Soris3. mas pirvelad Sevxvdi
1660 wlis 1 maisis wyalobis wignSi. iqidan vigebT, rom `vardis
ubanSi saxl-baRi da ymis saxlebi~ hqonda xudada xojaSvils.
es ubani mdebareobda `liaxvisken cixis Zirze~4. azustebas
1 qarTlis cxovreba. IV, Tb., 1973, gv. 367.

2 dokumentebi saqarTvelos socialuri istoriidan, II, gv. 158, #251.
3 `ciskari~, 1867, #2, gv. 7.
4 qarTuli samarTlis EZeglebi, III, gv. 528.
185
moiTxovs msazreba, romliTac vardis ubani mdebareobda
qarTvelebis sasaflaos maxloblad1
kirnaqis (kvernaqis) dasaxleba. igi, savaraudoa, ganfenili
iyo dRevandel kvernaqis dasaxlebaSi. igi yvelaze patara da
mciremosaxleobiani iyo.
yovladwmindas dasaxleba. savaraudoa, dasaxlebam saxeli
miiRo amJamindeli yovladwminda RvTismSoblis Sobis taZrisa
mopirdapire skverSi, Zvelad saswvris moedani rom erqva, iq,
sadac aSenda wminda mTavarangelozTa saxelobis taZari.
arsebuli cnobebis mixedaviT, am adgilas qarTlis dedofalma,
rostom mefis meuRle mariamma aago yovladwminda RvTismSob-
lis miZinebis eklesia, romelic 1802 wlis goris gegmaze
aRniSnulia meore saxeliTac _ mTavarangelozis eklesia.
mariam dedofali am taZris aSenebis drosa da mizezsac
gvamcnobs 1664 wlis sigelSi: `...Sewirulobisa wigni da sigeli
dagidevi da mogarTvi Sen, gors Cuengan aSenebuls Tavaran-
gelozis saydarsa mas Jamsa odes mefem rostom qarTlis
dedoflad mogviyvana (1634 w. _ e. m.) Tan Ze gurielsa Cueni
Tvalis sinaTle Svili otia da imizgan movZuldiT R~Tsa da
miicvala qveyanasa amasa qarTlisasa sanaxebsa gorisasa da misa
sawolsa zedan eklesia aRvaSeneT, davaxatvineT da Sevamke-
viT...~2 safiqralia, dasaxelebuli taZris didi mniSvnelobis
gamo, cixesa da qalaqis galavans Soris dasaxlebas, misi saxe-
li daerqva. damowmebuli sigeli imiTic sayuradReბoa, rom
amave adgilas dakrZaluli yofila mariam dedoflisa vaJi
otia, romelic hyavda pirveli qorwinebis Sedegad svimon
gurielisagan. eklesia, savaraudoa drois ganmavlobaSi dazi-
anda. Mmis aRdgenaSi (agebaSi) monawileoba miiRes erekle II-m
da batoniSvilma aleqsandrem. pirvelma 15, meorem ki 5 Tumani
Seswires aRniSnul eklesias3.
farsadanis dasaxleba. werilobiT ZeglebSi arsad Semxved-
ria amgvari toponimi. amitom miWirs dabejiTebiT raimis Tqma
misi mdebareobis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba varaudis gamoTqma, rom am
1
xuciSvili m., goris quCebi // Jurn. Lliaxvi, gori, 1976.
2 gsiem, #184.
3
xuciSvili m., goris quCebi, gv. 2.
186
dasaxlebam saxeli miiRo gorelebisaTvis sapativiscemo, ros-
tom mefis mier aRzrdili da misi rekomendaciiT Sahis karze
dawinaurebuli, cnobili saistorio Txzulebis _ ìstoriis~
avtoris, gamuslimanebuli farsadan gorgijaniZis saxeli. isic
SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom am dasaxlebaSi cxovrobda gorgi-
janiZe-gorgijanaSvilebis uaxloesi winaprebi.
1710 wlis sabuTis mixedviT erT-erT ubans `nawalkotari~
erqva.
quCa, gza, Sara
werilobiTi wyaroebi uaRresad mwir cnobebs Seicavs go-

ris quCebze. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom dokumentebsa da na-
ratiul wyaroebSi sityva `quCa~ iSviaTad gvxvdeba. xSiria
`Sara~ da `gza~. Cans, quCebis klasifikacia maTi mniSvnelobis
mixedviT xdeboda. `gza~ _ viwroTi fexiT mosiaruleni sar-
geblobdnen, xolo `Sara~ ganieri quCa iyo, romelic fexiT
mosiaruleTa garda, urmebisa da cxenosnebisaTvisac iyo gaTva-
liswinebuli.
gorSi ramdenime quCa iqneboda. isini qalaqis bazars uer-
Tdebodnen. f. gorgijaniZis gadmogvcems: roca Teimuraz I
gors daesxa, `bazars zeiTi gzebi SeukariTo~1. avT. Tuma-
niSvilis gadmocemiT, XIX s. dasawyisSi gorSi swori da gani-
eri quCebi iyo2. ar viciT qalaqis yvela gza/quCas hqonda Tu
ara saxeli.
1664 w. sabuTSi (`ganCineba suმbaთaSvilisa da goginaSvilis
mamulis saqmeze~) naxsenebia `gza~3, 1669 w. erT sabuTSi `saTemo
gza~4, 1672 wlisaSi ki _ `saTemo Sara~5, xolo 1793 wlis sige-
lSi _ `sasaflaos da eklesiis gza~6, `Sara~, `saurme Sara~,
`mkvidri gza~, `saydris gza~7.

2 Туманов А. Б., Описание грузинского города Гори, c. 23.
4 gsiem, #152.
5 iqve, #7601/19.
6 iqve, #149.
7 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 633.
187
XVIII s. dasasrulis nasyidobis nusxaSi dasaxelebulia
`frangis quCa~. egnate da papuna TumaniSvilebi amboben: `fran-
gis quCaSi, rom sasaxlea, dafasda oTxmoc TumnaT~1. am quCis
saxelis warmoSobis safuZveli savsebiT gasagebia. am quCaze
kaTolike patrebi, misionerebi cxovrobdnen. qarTuli wyaros
am cnobas adasturebs ruseTis armiis polkovniki, warmoSobiT
belgieli, rotie. misi TqmiT, im quCas, romelsac XIX s.
dasawyisSi `Tbilisis quCa~ erqva, winaT `frangTa quCa~
ewodeboda2. savaraudoa, igi emTxveoda dRevandeli gogebaSvi-
lis da wereTlis quCebis erTmaneTTan Sexebis midamoebs. XIX-
XX saukunis pirvel oceulSi es quCa, albaT, gogebaSvilis
quCa da kaTolikuri taZris mimdebare teritoria ZiriTadad
kaTolikebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. 1923 wlis monacemebiT frangTa
quCaze 31 kaTolikuri ojaxi cxovrobda3.
goris moqalaqeTaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba hqonda, Tu
sad gadioda gza an Sara. es xSirad moqalaqeTa dapirispirebas
iwvevda. davis mogvareba maRali rangis saxelmwifo moxelis
CareviT xdeboda.
1669 w. gorelma moqalaqeebma elizbarma da misma Svilma
giorgim `saTemo gzaSi~ kedeli Cadges, ris gamoc gzam oqonis
xatis mamulSi gadainacvla. radgan saqme exeboda saeklesio
qonebis xelyofas, saqmis garCeva moxda mTavarepiskoposi
nikolozisa da mamasaxlisi goderZas monawileobiT. dava
kompromisiT dasrulda: elizbarsa da mis Svils kedeli ar
daangrevines. samagierod, maT valdebuleba ikisres `rome
marxva dadges weliwadSi TviTo litra zeTi moarTvas oqonis
xatsa ocis stiliTa~4.
1 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, gv. 324.

3 sia goris kaTolike eklsiis mrevlisa 18 wlidan zeiT Sedgenili
TanaxmaT mTavrobis 22 seqtembris 1923 w. cirkuliarisa, religiur
sazogadoebaTa Sesaxeb // goris raionuli arqivi, fondi #3, arq.
#54, aRwera 1, gv. 69; sabWoTa xelisuflebis antireligiuri
politika Sida qarTlSi (XX saukunis 20-iani wlebi). dokumentebi
gamosca, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo prof. giorgi sosiaSvil-
ma, Tb., 2013, gv. 489-495.
4 gsiem, #152.
188
1793 w. vinme xudadas Svilma sasaflaos da eklesiis gza
miitaca da baRi gaaSena. mRvdeli iakob garsevaniSvilis TqmiT,
iseTi viTareba Seiqmna, rom `veRarc kvdari gagvitaniao da
veRarc eklesiaSi gavsulvarTo~. mefis brZanebiT erTad
Sehyares mamasaxlisi da gorelebi _ samRvdeloni da saeroni.
dadginda, rom xudadas Svilis mier mitacebuli gza `mkvdari
gza~ iyo da xudadas Svils gzaze gaSenebuli baRi auCexes.
magram konfliqti amiT ar mogvarda. xudadas Svilebma igive
gaimeores àmirindo amilaxvaris dros~. mefis ganaCeniT baRi
kvlav gaCexes. 1794 w. petre davreSaSvili uCivis tetia garse-
vaniSvils, rom am ukanasknelma petres `samkvidro Sara Seig-
do~1, e.i. im Saras daepatrona, romliTac davreSaSvilebi sar-
geblobdnen.
msgavsi SemTxvevebi sxvac mravali iqneboda. moqalaqeTa
aseTi TviTneboba, ZiriTadad, qalaqSi miwis naklebobiT iyo
gamowveuli.
moedani
goris qalaqs hqonda moedani, romlis Sesaxeb pirveli cnoba

XVII s. 30-ian wlebs ganekuTvneba. goris moedans ramdenjerme
axsenebs don pietro avitabile. igi Tavis saqmianobis aRwerisas
sxvadasxva adgilas ambobs: ès saxlebi... moedanze mdebareobda~,
andrea `TrevaTreviT miiyvanes saxalxo moedanze~, àjanyebulTa
meTaurisaTvis moexsenebina moedanze~2. goris moedans axsenebs
iese tlaSaZe Tavis `baqarianSi~ 1723 wlis ambebTan dakavSirebiT
(`Tavebi dasWres, gavidnen, dayares moedanzeda~)3.
XVIII s. 80-ian wlebSi Sedgenil gorelTa saCivarSi
dasaxelebulia goris moedani, romelic, rogorc Cans, sxva
daniSnulebasTan erTad, moqalaqeTa pirutyvis gasaCerebeli da
saZovari adgilic iyo. saCivris me-15-e muxlSi gorelebi oTar
amilaxvars brals sdeben, rom man qalaqis moedani moxna4. Tu
ras warmoadgenda es moedani, ufro garkveviT Cans gorelebis
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 261-262.

2 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 30, 62, 63.
3 iese tlaSaZe, gv. 37, str. 161.
189
sxva saCivarSi. masSi vkiTxulobT: `meCvidmete _ meidnis moxvna
da bostnaT gakeTeba, rom Cveni saqoneli meidanze veRar
gadis~. saCivris igive muxli S. mesxias gagebuli aqvs Sem-
degnairad: `goris mouravis amgvarma saqcielma qalaqis vaWar-
xelosanTa samarTliani guliswyroma gamoiwvia... rogorc gore-
li vaWrebis gancxadebidan Cans, goris moedani maTi saqonlis
gasatani yofila~1.
Cemi azriT, aq laparakia ara savaWro moedanze, anu baza-
rze, aramed qalaqis SigniT pirutyvis (saqonlis) saZovar
patara moedanze _ meidanze2. rac Seexeba savaWro moedans anu
bazars, igi `saCivarSi~ moxseniebulia sxva konteqstSi.
avT. TumaniSvilis TqmiT, XIX s. dasawyisSi, gorSi ramde-
nime moedani iyo3.
goris moedans, Sua saukuneebis sxva (aRmosavluri da
evropuli) qalaqebis moednebis msgavsad, ramdenime fuqncia
hqonda. rogorc avitabiles Txzulebidan Cans, moedani
SemosazRvruli iyo saxlebiT. marTalia, avitabile ar ambobs,
magram unda vigulisxmoT, rom sacxovrebeli Tu sazo-
gadoebrivi daniSnulebis nagebobaTa gverdiT iyo duqnebisa da
saxelosnoebis erTi nawilic.
rogorc Cans, moedanze cxaddeboda saxelmwifoebrivi Tu
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis brZaneba-gankargulebani. aqve xde-
boda damnaSavis gasamarTleba da dasja. amitom unda uwo-
debdes avitabile, italiuri qalaqis moednis analogiiT,
goris moedans `saxalxo moedans~.
Mmoedani _ bazari
cota ram viciT goris bazris Sesaxeb. magram igi rom

mniSvnelovani unda yofiliyo qarTlis masStabiT, amas is mafiq-
rebinebs, rom gori ufro savaWro qalaqi iyo, vidre saxelosno.
Sardenis mixedviT, gorSi aliziT naSenebi ramdenime baza-
ri arsebobda1. imave periodSi gorSi bazris arsebobaze mig-

2 sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, `meidani, meidan, sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad
mere da mindori da fore hqvian~.
190
vaniSnebs f. gorgijaniZe (`bazris zeiT gzebi SeukariTo~)2. i.
klaproTis aRweriT, goris bazari asamde sawvrilmano duqni-
sagan Sedgeboda3. sxva wyaroebSic aris naxsenebi goris bazari,
magram isini arafers matebs Cvens sust warmodgenas am sa-
kiTxze4.
amgvarad, moyvanili cnobebidan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
imsaxurebs Jan Sardenis oriode sityva goris bazris Sesaxeb.
SeiZleboda gvefiqra, rom Sardenma erT adgilas Tavmoyrili
ramdenime gadaxuruli moedani `bazrebad~ moixsenia. erTi
SexedviT, Cven saqme gvaqvs iranuli `Carsus~ tipis bazarTan5,
roca bazarSi ewyoboda mrgvali gumbaTiT gadaxuruli
moednebi. magram Sardenis mixedviT, bazari mTlianad aliziT
yofila naSenebi. rac `rastabazarze~ (`moednis bazari~) migva-
niSnebs. aseTi bazrebi aRmosavleTis qalaqebSi daculi iyo
sarkmlebiani kedlebiT6.
isic unda vivaraudoT, rom XVII saukuneSi aRwerili baza-
ri Semdegi periodis gorSi aRar arsebobda. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
i. klaproTis mier aRwerili bazari savsebiT Seesatyviseboda
duqanTa im mwkrivs, romelic 1802 w. gegmazea asaxuli. gegmis
mixedviT, cixis samxreTiT davakebul ferdobze naxevarwred
midioda quCa (igi emTxveva axalndeli kastelis da
marjaniSvilis quCebs), romlis orive mxares ganlagebuli iyo
duqnebi. savaraudoa, rom es quCa asrulebda bazris funqcias,

gv. 295.
1808, II, S. 328.
4 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, sab. 226, 228, 238; masalebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, gv. 19.
5 Кузнецова Н. А., Из истории социально-экономических отношений в Иране,
М., 1952, c. 98; gabaSvili v., bazari Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi
// saqarTvelos istoriis aRmosavluri masa lebi, I naw., Tb. 1976,
gv. 29.
6 Кузнецова Н. А., Из истории социально-экономических отношений в Иране, с.
98; gabaSvili v., bazari Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, 29; mesxia
S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 639.
191
Torem gegmis Semdgenels ar SeiZleboda gamorCenoda qalaqis
iseTi mniSvnelovani atributi, rogoric bazaria.
osmalo xelisufalT XVIII s. 20-30-ian wlebSi goris ba-
zarze dawesebuli hqondaT baJi, rac Seadgenda 1000 axCas1.
amgvarad, davTris cnobebi abaTilebs Cems mier adre ga-
moTqmul mosazrebas, rom radgan XVII saukunis Semdeg XIX
saukunis dasawyisamde, e.i. klaproTis saqarTveloSi yofnis
periodamde, cnobil wyaroebSi araferi iyo goris bazris
Sesaxeb, TiTqos igi aRar arsebobda.
duqani _ qulbaqi
gorSi, rogorc saqarTvelos vaWrobisa da xelosnobis

erT-erT centrSi, misi qalaqad gadaqcevis droidan, mravali
qulbaq-duqani unda yofiliyo. pirvel cnobas goris
qulbaqisSesaxeb vxvdebiT daviT (?) mefis 1382 wlis sigelSi2.
daviTma goris oqonis saydars Sewira `gorSi vaWarni eqvsnis
maTiTa saxl-kariTa, WurmarniTa da qulbaqiTa~. sainteresoa

2 gsiem, #7601/30. sigels, marTalia TariRi _ 1382 w. aqvs, magram ver
dgindeba romeli mefe daviTia. dasaxelebul wels mefobs
bagrat V (1360-1393), ase, rom Znelia dadgena romeli daviTis mi-
eraa gacemuli sigeli. is Tavs ganididebda mravlis mTqmeli ti-
tulaturiT: daviT_iesian_daviTian_solomonian_pankratiani, afxa-
zTa, ranTa, kaxTa, SahanSa da SirvanSa, saqarTvelos mpyrobeli
xelmwife, mefeT-mefe. mas hyavs: bebiis bebia _ Tamar dedofali,
Svilebi: giorgi, aleqsandre. mis mier gacemuli sigeliT Tu vims-
jelebT, misi moqmedeba ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia Sida qarTlTan.
amaze metyvelebs mis mier gacemuli sigelebi. daviTma ganuaxla
Tamar dedoflis mier aSenebul oqonis saydars Tamarisagan
boZebuli Sewiruloba: sofeli xidisTavi; zemo rexas _ aTi
sakomlo; garejvars _ lomsaTubani; ruiss _ umekasSvili, ori sa-
Tave saxaso venaxi, atens _ CivCivaZis mamuli, romelsac evaleboda
oTxi litra zeTi, ZRveni da samsaxuri; gors _ vaWarni eqvsni
maTiTa saxl-kariTa, WurmarniTa da qulbaqiTa; diRvams TeTraZeni:
giuna, mamisimedi, zosime da xucesi iovane mamulebiT. pirTa
anotirebuli leqsikoni. XI-XVII ss. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis
mixedviT / gamosacemad moamzades: d. kldiaSvilma, m. surgulaZem,
e. cagareiSvilma, g. jandierma, Tb., 1991, gv. 267; gsiem, #7601/30.
192
sigelis is adgili, sadac aRniSnulia, rom yvelaferi rac
daviTma oqonis saydars Sewira, èse Sewiruli pirvelad mamaTa
da papaTa CvenTagan Sewiruli iyo axla Cven ganvaaxleT da
SevwireT zemo werilni Sesawiravni da mamulni ese~.
maSasadame, yvelaferi is rac CamoTvlilia sigelSi saydri-
saTvis Sewiruli yofila didi xnis winaT. sigelidan ar Cans,
magram unda vigulisxmoT, rom gorSi 6 vaWrisa da maTi qul-
baqebis garda, kidev mravali iqneboda, rogorc vaWari ise maTi
qulbaqebi.
Semdegi sabuTi, romelic gorSi qulbaqebis arsebobaze
migviTiTebs, aris 1559 wlis `qarTlis sakaTalikoso mamulebis
siTarxnis gujari~. aqedan irkveva, rom `gors ZuelTagan
mcxeTis Sewirulni vaWarni da glexni arian, maTiTa saxlkari-
Ta, qulbakiTa da mamuliTa~1. oTxi goreli vaWris Sewirvazea
laparaki 1660 wlis wyalobis wignSi. imasac vigebT, rom
sveticxovelis sxva `mequlbake~ vaWrebic yofilan gorSi2.
1660 w. vaxtang V Sahnavazma gorel qamalaSvil-sumbaTa-
Svilebs daubruna maTi saydris garSemo arsebuli is duqnebi,
romlebic maT oblobaSi daukargavT. mefe iqve ubrZanebs goris
mouravs sisruleSi moiyvanos gankarguleba3. sayuradReboa,
rom mefe iZulebulebulia xelaxla gasces igive wyaloba. es
albaT imitom xdeba, rom mouravma ver SeZlo qamalaSvi-
lebisaTvis boZebuli mowyalebis aRsruleba. marTlac, vaxtan
V-m, 1661 წels mirian qamalaSvils kvlav uboZa `saydris gar-
Semo duqnebi~4. sayuradReboa agreTve, svimon pirvelis sigeli
atenSi Zvelad gorelebis da gorSi mcxovrebi vaWrebisa da
glexebis saxl-kariT, qulbaqiTa da mamulebiTurT sveti-
cxovlisadmi Sewirulobis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb5.
givi amilaxvris 1664 wlis ganCinebidan Cans, rom qulbaqi
yofila goris `bolo gzasTan~6.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 264.

2 iqve, gv. 527-528.
3 xec, Hd, #13026.
5 xec, Ad, #1572.
6 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 18-19.
193
1728 wlis Tbilisis viლaieTis did davTarSi aRniSnulia
gorSi arsebuli 126 duqani (`duqnebis Tvali 126~)1. calkea aR-
niSnuli `goris rabaTis duqnebi, Tvali 3, ijariT2, jami
weliwadSi srulad 1440~.
XVIII s. damlevs marto TumanianT (TumaniSvilebis) yovlad-
wmindis eklesias 14 duqani hqonda3. 1799 wlis anderZis wignSi
moxseniebulia namziTvi duqani4.
osmalebis mier 1728 wels Sedgenili davTarSi aRniSnulia
goris bazarze dawesebuli baJis Sesaxeb, rac Seadgenda 1000
axCas5. Znelia dadgena imisa, duqnebi erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad, cal-calke arsebobda Tu isini erTobliobaSi
Seadgenda goris bazars. amgvari eWvi Cndeba XVII saukunidan
moRweuli cnobebis gansxvavebulobis gamo. Jan Sardenis
mixedviT, gorSi aliziT naSenebi ramdenime bazari arsebobda6.
farsadan gorgijaniZis gadmocemiT ise gamodis, rom gorSi
erT bazari iyo (`bazris zeiT gzebi SeukariTo~)7, xolo i.
klaproTis aRweriT, goris bazari asamde sawvrilmano duqni-
sagan Sedgeboda8.
1802 wlis aRweriT, gorSi 140-mde duqani iyo. qedan 50 du-
qani xelosnebs eWiraT (xelosnis duqani saxelosnoc iyo da
damzadebuli nawarmis gasayidi adgili), xolo 90 vaWrebs.
rogorc aRiniSna duqnebis sakmaod didi iyo da maTi
erToblioba qmnida bazars. duqnebi ganlagebuli iyo cixis
borcvis Ziras, qalaqis SuagulSi da cixes uvlida samxreT-

2 iqve, gv. 448.
3 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, 18-19.
4 uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istori-
isaTvis (XVII-XIX s.s.), Tb., 1967, gv. 122.
5 iqve, gv. 449.
gv. 63.
8 Klaproth, Julius von, Reise in den Kaukasus und nach Georgian unter, nommen in den
Jahren 1808, II, Halle und Berlin, 1814, S. II, 328.
194
dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken1. dRes iq ori patara quCaa _
kastelis da marjaniSvilis.
saxlebi
feodalur qalaqSi qonebrivi diferenciacia gansakuTrebiT

naTlad Canda mosaxleobis sacxovrebel nagebobaTa sxvada-
sxvaobaSi. gori radgan samefo qalaqi da imave dros Sida
qarTlis administraciuli centric iyo, amitom RaribTa qoxe-
bisa da miwurebis gverdiT unda yofiliyo mefis, kariskacebis,
sasuliero ierarqebis, Tavadebisa da aznaurebis sasaxleebi da
saxlebi.
gorSi sacxovrebeli nagebobis Sesaxeb pirveli cnoba XVII
s. 20-ian wlebs ganekuTvneba, e.i. im dros, roca àvgustinelma
misionerebma aages evropuli stilis mSvenieri eklesia da
saxli. sacxovrebeli saxli iseTi lamazi gamovida, rom am
samefos yvela adgilidan modiodnen mis sanaxavad. mTel
samefoSi mas erT-erT ulamazes saxlad miiCnevdnen~2. saqar-
TveloSi mosuli evropeli mogzaurebi, Tu isini qarTlSi
gaivlidnen, aucileblad gorSi am saxlSi isadgurebdnen3.
kastelis naxatze dakvirvebis Sedegad arqiteqtori l.
sumbaZe im daaskvnmde mivida, rom imave saukunis 30-ian wlebSi,
ise rogorc saerTod qarTlSi, gorSic gavrcelebuli iyo
darbazuli tipis sacxovrebel saxlebi.
igive saxlSi unda gaCerebuliyo ruseTs mimavali anton
kaTalikosi 1755 w. misi am moqmedebiT ukmayofilo marTlma-
dideblebis winaSe antonma Tavi imiT imarTla, rom `gorSi
sxvagan versad vipove kargi saxli, naavadmyofari viyav da
amitom Camovxti patrebTano~4. anton kaTalikosis naTqva-
midanac Cans, rom aRniSnuli saxli gorSi saukeTeso iyo.
1 Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд ВУА,

№20548.
2 tabaRua i., kidev erTi cnoba qeTevan dedoflis Sesaxeb // gaz.
`komunisti~, 20, X, 1985.
3 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikeTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1903, gv. 55.
4 iqve, gv. 57.
195
XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, rogorc 1802 wlis gegmidan
Cans, gorSi cota iyo qviT naSenebi sacxovrebeli saxlebi.
aseTi nagebobebi ZiriTadad ganlagebuli iyo Semdegnairad:
qalaqis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, Tanamedrove i.b. stali-
nis saxl-muzeumis da yofili inturistis midamoebSi _ 6, g.
erisTavis saxelobis goris dramatuli Teatris midamoebSi _
3, kastelis quCis dasawyisSi 1 da imave quCis dasasruls _ 2,
e.i. aRniSnul periodSi gorSi iyo qvisgan nagebi 12 sacxov-
rebeli saxli. danarCen qvis nagebobebs eklesiebi warmo-
adgenda. sacxovrebeli saxlebi ZiriTadad miwuri iyo. i.
klaproTis dros yofnis 300 saxli idga gorSi1.
pirveli cnoba gorSi samefo sasaxlis arsebobaze XVII s.
Sua xanebidan gvaqvs. magram sasaxle rom adrec unda yofi-
liyo saeWvod ar mimaCnia. gori xom samefo qalaqi iyo. viciT,
rom 1628 w. Teimuraz I-ma gorSi Tavis sasaxleSi miiRo
avgustineli patrebi2. mogvianebiT rostom mefes `yizilbaSTa
rigis~ didi sasaxle augia, romelsac `walkot-savardiani~
baRi da uzarmazari wyliani auzebi amSvenebda. es sasaxle
unda igulisxmebodes feSangis `SahnavazianSi~. vamiy dadianis
cols elenes, romelic vaxtang V-s gorSi hyavda datyvevebuli,
roca unaxavs rogor karg pirobebSi cxovrobda mefis ojaxi,
tirili dauwyia3.
Tavisi rezidencia hqonda gorSi erekle I-sac, magram ar
viciT imave sasaxleSi iyo Tu sxvagan. f. gorgijaniZis gadmo-
cemiT, imereTidan gamoZevebuli aleqsandre IV da erekle I
gorSi Sevidnen da èrekle mefis sadgoms Camoxtnes~4. sasaxle
SemdegSi vaxtang VI-m ganaaxla, mcire xnis Semdge ki osmalebma
`Semusres~5. vaxuSti batoniSvilis naTqvamidan ise gamodis,
rom sasaxle osmalebma òsmalobis~ dros, 1724-1734 wlebSi
daangries, vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gadasaxlebidan givi ami-
laxvris mier goris gaTavisuflebamde periodSi, e.i. maSin,
1808, S. II, 325.
3 feSangi, str. 552, 553, 560.
196
roca osmalebi gorSi imyofebodnen. sexnia CxeiZe, roca givi
amilaxvris mier goris aRebas aRwers, ambobs:L`daimala (qarT-
velTa _ e.m.) jari sasaxleSia~. vfiqrob, sexnia rostomiseul
sasaxles gulisxmobs. ganadgurda Tu ara am dros sasaxle ar
Cans, magram amis Semdeg misi xseneba aRar aris.
didi xnis Semdeg, 1801 wlis erT sabuTSi vkiTxulobT, rom
daviT batoniSvilma, romelic 1800-1801 wlebSi qarTl-kaxeTs
ganagebda, samefo sasaxle mdivan sulxan TumaniSvils gada-
sca1. es, albaT, erekle meoris is sasaxle iyo, romelic d.
baqraZis TqmiT, cixis samxreT ferdobze mdebareobda. is iyo
maRali, aivniani da ara mxolod erekles dros, aramed XIX s.
Sua xanebSic saukeTeso Senobad iTvleboda maSin, rodesac igi
vinme amiraRovs ekuTvnoda2. grafinia uvarovasac3 unaxavs same-
fo darbazis nangrevebi cixis samxreT ferdobze4.
mterTa xSiri TareSi aiZulebda samefo karis warmomadgen-
lebs, TavianTi sacxovrebelni goris cixis SigniT aeSenebinaT.
1756 w. qarTlis dedofali àna-xanum wabrZanda gors... aRaSena
saxlni goris cixesa Sina~5. dedoflis mier goris cixeSi
saxlebis aSeneba imazec migvaniSnebs, rom im dros gorSi same-
fo sasaxle aRar iyo.
moRweuli cnobebSi ar Cans, rom XIX s. dasawyisamde gorSi
TavianTi sacxovrebeli nagebobebi hqondaT Tavad-aznaurebs,
rac safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom gorelebi (igulisxmeba
vaWar-xelosanTa zeda fena) winaaRmdegi iyvnen maRali rangis
1 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, с. 302.

2 «Кавказ», 1855, №48.
3 didia rusi arqeologis grafi aleqsandre uvarovis meuRlis
praskovia uvarovas Rvawli saqarTvelos siZveleTa SeswavlaSi. es

didad ganswavluli qalbatoni iyo ruseTis saimperatoro mec-
nierebaTa akademiis wevri, mravali universitetisa da sakvlevo
dawesebulebis profesori. 1879 wlidan jer monawileobda, Semdeg
ki xelmZRvanelobda arqeologiur gaTxrebs Crd. kavkasiis
mTianeTSi. saqarTvelos mTianeTSi raWa-leCxumSi, svaneTsa da xev-
sureTSi Sekriba qristianuli xanis Zeglebi da maTi nawili
gamoaqveyna 1900 wels.
4 Кавказ. Рача. Горийский уезд. Гори. Осетия. Пшавия, Хевсуретия и Сванетия.
Путевые заметки графинии Уваровой, ч. III, М., 1904, с. 77.

5 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 240
197
feodaluri aristokratiis warmomadgenelTa gorSi mudmivad
yofnis, ris praqtikul ganxorcielebad maT ama Tu im feo-
dalis mier qalaqis teritoriaze sasaxlis aSeneba miaCndaT.
msxvili feodalis qalaqSi dasaxleba maTTvis araxelsayreli
iyo imdenad, ramdenadac maTgan mosaxleobis Seviwroebis
SesaZlebloba izrdeboda. am mosazrebis dasadastureblad
gamogvadgeba gorelebis mier 1789 w. Sedgenili saCivari oTar
amilaxvarze. saCivris pirvelsave muxlSi amilaxvris danaSau-
lad dasaxelebulia gorSi `sasaxlis aSeneba~1. oTar amila-
xvari am dros goris mouravi iyo. gorelebi mouravs, am umsx-
viles feodals aseT winaaRmdegobas rom uwevdnen, gasagebia
sxva TavadaznaurTa gorSi dasaxlebis winaaRmdeg ufro Seu-
povarni iqnebodnen. erekle II-m, rogorc Cans, gorelebis
saCivars maSin yuradReba ar miaqcia. amilaxvarma sasaxle
SeinarCuna. magram gorelebi ar Tmobdnen. imave saukunis 90-ian
wlebSi axali saCivari daweres da, amjeradac saCivris pirvel
muxlSi amilaxvris gorSi ukanonod cxovreba aRniSnes. amilax-
varma gorSi sacxovrebeli SeinarCuna. man 1801 w. 20 Tebervals
dakiTxvisas gen. lazarevs ganucxada: òTar amilaxvari mqvia,
var qarTveli Tavadi, vcxovrob goris cixeSi~2.
Cans, rom mefe erekle gorSi yofnisas Tavis sasaxlis gar-
da, zogierTi gorelis saxlSic Cerdeboda, magram ratom, amis
Tqma Znelia. is saxli, sadac mefe Cerdeboda xolme qalaqSi
saukeTeso iqneboda. erT-erTi aseTi saxlTagani ekuTvnoda
vinme kotoSaSvils3.
gorSi TavianTi sasaxle hqondaT qsnis erisTavebs4.
qalaqis vaWar-xelosanTa zeda fenis warmomadgenlebs sak-
maod didi saxlebi da darbazebi hqondaT. darbazs flobdnen
julabaSvilebic5.

2 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, с. 324, #412.
5 megrelaZe d., masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriisaTvis (ju-
labaSvilebis davTari). masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis is-
toriisaTvis, nakv. 35, 1963, gv. 14-215.
198
goris Raribi mosaxleoba miwurebSi cxovrobda. amaze miu-
TiTebdnen Sardeni da klaproTi. Sardenis TqmiT, `gorSi
saxlebi... alizisagan aris naSeni~1. uaRresad sainteresoa klap-
roTis mier datovebuli goris sacxovrebeli saxlebis aRwera.
igi garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis mdidari da Raribi
moqalaqeebis cxovrebis pirobebze. gorSi `saxlebis didi
umravlesoba, _ ambobs klaproTi, _ miwuria iseve, rogorc
TbilisSi. maT aqvT qvis oTxi kedeli, romelTa simaRle
oridan sam saJenamdea, kedlis sigane ki sakvamlis propor-
ciulia. sami nabijis diametris naxvretSi kvamli gadis da
sinaTle da wvima Semodis iatakze, sakvamle xvrelis dabla
anTia cecxli. es aris Cveulebrivi arqiteqturuli stili.
zogierTi saxli agebulia evropul gemovnebaze, romlebSic
sufTad SeRebili oTaxebia RumeliT, orfrTiani karebebiTa da
fanjrebiT~2. klaproTi, marTalia, mcre xans iyo gorSi, magram
man bevri ramis naxva moaswro. sxvaTa Soris, man 1808 w. 5-6
maisis Rame, rogorc TviTon ambobs, gaatara èrT sruliad
sufTa saxlSi~3. magram, rogorc zemomoyvanili aRweridan Cans,
man Raribuli qoxebic safuZvlianad daaTvaliera.
RaribTa miwuri qoxebi metwilad qalaqis ganapiras iqne-
boda ganlagebuli, maSin, roca feodalTa da mdidari moqa-
laqeebis saxlebi cixis siaxloves Sendeboda. ra Tqma unda,
qalaqis Rarib mosaxleobas gulisxmobs f. gorgijaniZe, roca
ambobs: `wuxelis batoni Teimuraz gors daesxa da napiris
saxlebi cixis Zirs movasxiTo~4.
XVIII s. zogierTi sabuTi uaRresad saintereso cnobas gvaw-
vdis soflebidan gorSi gadmosaxlebulTa Sesaxeb, rac
TavisTavad qalaqis zrdaze metyvelebs. `julabaSvilebis dav-
Tris~ minaweridan Cans, rom am ojaxs sakmaoze meti sac-
xovrebeli farTi hqonda da mdgmurebs ayenebda. imave wyarodan
irkveva zogierTi gadmosaxlebulis warmomavloba da qiris

gv. 295.
1808, II, S. 327.
3 Ibidem, S. 328.
199
odenobac: `poia marqara dadga Cvens saxlCi nk qiriT TveCi~ _
wers papuna julabaSvili. misive TqmiT, `nasyidas saxlCi
dadga norgi (?) saxlis qira TveCi nk~; daviT julabaSvili ki
gvacnobebs, rom 1754 w. ori mdgmuri daayena: ùfliscixeli
witikas-Svili Tamaza davayene Cvens saxlSia giorgobisTvis
damdegs, rom dReSi erTi koka wyali unda mamitanos qiraSi~,
`nasyidas saxlCi dadga qinZaTeli berua~. daviTis 1772 wlis
minawerSi vkiTxulobT: `xuro sarqisa dadga Cvens saxlSi~1. am
saxis cnobebi, romlebic garkveul warmodgenas Segviqmnis
goris mosaxleobis dabali fenebis sacxovrebel pirobebze,
samwuxarod bevri ar gagvaCnia, magram unda vivaraudoT, rom
mravali ojaxi analogiur an ufro uares pirobebSi cxov-
robda. Zneli ar aris warmovidginoT vinme ananisSvili nasyi-
das mdgomareoba, roca mis Sesaxeb daviT julabaSvili ambobs:
Cvens saToneSi saxli aaSenao2.
yuradRebas ipyrobs papuna julabaSvilis erTi Canaweri,
romelic 1728 w. ganekuTvneba: `q. RmerT winaSe me papuna gors
ar viyavi, gilans viyavi. TayianT meliq farsadana mosuliyo,
Cemi darbazis kedeli givianTken daeqcia da cxra uremi aguri
waeRo. Tavis oTaxebi gaakeTa ufasuraT. RmerTma amisTana
usamarTloba yovels qristians aSoros, rom mezoblis damk-
vidrebuli saxli dauqcios Tavis ZaliT...~. ori wlis Semdeg
(1730) aseve moepyra julabaSvilebis darbazs qalaqis sxva
didebuli: `q. kidev Tavisi ZaliT, me papuna Sin ar viyavi, koWl
amiraT batons revazas mosuliyo, Tavis ZaliT Cemi darbazi
daeqcia da cxra uremi aguri waiRo. qalebisaTvin, Cemi saxli-
sTvis wigni mieca Tu: me xelaxla gavakeTebo, aRar gaakeTa.
Cemi codva aqs~3.
zemomoyvanili ori amonaweri gviCvenebs, rom iseTi gavle-
niani vaWari, rogorc papuna julabaSvili iyo, ususuria
moxelisa (meliqi) da qalaqis didebulis winaSe. meliqis da
àmiraT batonis~ moqmedeba gvafiqrianebs, rom im dros saam-
Seneblo masalebi Zviri da Znelad saSovari iyo da jula-
baSvilebis darbazis aguri amitom daitaces.
1 julabaSvilebis davTari, gv. 219-220.

2 iqve, gv. 219.
3 iqve, gv. 214, 215;
200
gvaqvs oriode cnoba XVIII s. dasasruls gorSi saxlebis
da sasaxlkare miwis nakveTebis Rirebulebaze. egnate da papuna
TumaniSvilebis nasyidobaTa nusxaSi weria: `frangTa quCaSi
rom sasaxlea, dafasda oTxmoc TumnaT~1. 1799 w. Sedgenil
anderZis wignSi vkiTxulobT: èrTi saxli, rom Sermazanas-
Svils avetiqas mivyide da amis fasi samocdaaTi Tumani isev
avetiqazed aris~2. rogorc Cans, maSindel gorSi saxlis
Rirebuleba saSualod 70-80 Tumani iyo, rac sakmaod solidur
Tanxas Seadgenda. ase rom iyo, amaze miuTiTebs zemoxsenebuli
egnate da papuნa TumaniSvilebis nasyidobaTa nusxa, romelSic
`sasaxlis alagi~, `zeiTvenaxis naxevari~, `garejvars leluas-
Svilis mosyiduli miwa~, `Teimurazas-Svilebi~, `frangi gior-
gi~, `frangi petre~, ìmereli mariamas-Svili~ erToblivad 65
Tumnad da 2 minalTunad Sefasda3.
abano
gorSi abanos arsebobis pirveli cnoba 1710 w. GganekuTv-

neba. samefo yma-mamulisa da saqonebelis garigebis wignSi naT-
qvamia: àbanosTan abano, saagure, alaverda rom saxlebula isi
da abano sabatonoT daidva~4.
winaTi gamovTqvi varaudi, rom gorSi, romelic qarTlis
mefeTa rezidencia iyo, ori abano mainc iqneboda, erTi mefisa,
misi ojaxisa da didebulebisaTvis da meorec, saerTo sarge-
blobisaTvis.
Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris mixedviT, òsmalobis~
dros gorSi, marTlac, 2 abano iyo: erTi àbanos mflobeli
didebuli iusuf begis Zea, igi didebuli vezir ishak faSas
xelSia erTi Tvali~. es abano cixeSi mdebareobda5. meore
àbano goris rabaTTan, erTi Tvali, ijariT, sruli wliT,

2 uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri isto-
riisaTvis (XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 122.
4 iqve, gv. 211, #339;
5 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, gv. 447-448.
201
rabaTTan~1. davTris es cnobebi abanos Sesaxeb, SesaZlebels
xdis davazustoT gorSi abanoebis raodenoba da mdebareoba.
gvaqvs 1738 wlis cnobac. masSi dasaxelebuli abano goris
cixis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT unda yofiliyo. sabuTSi vkiT-
xulobT: `mogyide miwis nakveTi avTandilaanT navenaxavis
midgomamdi bolo abanos miwis midgmamdi, sazenaqaro, gverdi
fSanamdi, saqvenaqaro gverdi Cemis wisqvilis rumdi~2.
daujerebelia, rom XVIII s. pirvel naxevramde gorSi abano
ar yofiliyo. es qalaqi xom periodulad qarTlis mefeebis
rezidencia iyo. rogor moxdeboda rostom mefes `yizilbaSTa
rigis~ sasaxle aego da abano ki ar aeSenebina.
wisqvilebi
gori Tavisi xelsyreli geografiuli mdebareobis gamo,

uZvelesi droidan gamoirCeoda wisqvilebis simravliT.
wisqvilebi ganlagebuli iyo qalaqis galavnis gareT, mdi-
neeebis liaxvisa da fSanis maxloblad. 1802 wlis gegmaze
aRniSnulia 7 wisqvili3.
1710 w. 27 seqtembris samefo yma-mamulisa da saqonebelis
garigebis wignis mixedviT, wisqvilebi iyo agreTve `mtkvris
piras sakurdRle WalasTan~4. Semdgom periodSi wisqvilebi
mtkvris piras aRar Cans.
pirveli cnoba goris wisqvilebis Sesaxeb ganekuTvneba XVII
s. pirvel naxevars, erT-erT sabuTSi, sadac CamoTvlilia manu-
Car da jimSita TumaniSvilebs ra ergoT Tayasa da birTve-
lTan gayris Sedegad, dasaxelebulia ori Tvali wisqvili da
ivane mewisqvile5.
goris wisqvilebi naxsenebia 1717-1719 w.w. ganCinebaSi givi
TumaniSvilisa da misi biZaSvilebis gayris saqmeze6, ganCineba-
1 iqve, gv. 449

2 gsiem, #117.
3
Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд ВУА, №21898;
ix. agreTve, qarTlis cxovreba, II, CubiniSvilis gamocema, gv. 79.
4 dokumentebi, II, gv. 211, #339.
5 xec, Hd, #14665.
202
Si garsevaniSvilebis yma-mamulis gayidvaze1, gorelebis 1789
wlis saCivarSi amilaxvris mier `wisqvilebidam fqvilis warT-
meva qvrivisa da oblisa~ gamo2, zaza xiTariSvilis mier gior-
gi meTormetisadmi mirTmeul arzaSi, romeliTac abela yuza-
naSvils uCivis wisqvilis gamo3.
1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis aRweris davTari saSual-
ebas gvaZlevs davazustoT zogierTi wisqvilis kuTvnileba,
maTi TvalTa raodenoba da wisqvilebis mdebareoba: `wisqvili
gorgiCas xelSi ori Tvali~; `wisqvili avTandilas xelSi ori
Tvali~; `wisqvili geneba ohanis Zis xelSi ori Tvali~;
`wisqvili givi ramazis Zis xelSi, Tvali 2~; ~ori Tvali
wisqvili amjerad abdallah iuzbaSis mflobelobaSia~; `wisq-
vili Tvali 2~; `wisqvili Tuman mWvdlis xelSi, Tvali 3~;
`farsadanis xelT arsebuli wisqvilis Tvali iyo 2~;
`Tarjiman farsadanis xelT arsebuli wisqvilis Tvali iyo
ori~; `wisqvili dolmazisa ori Tvali~; àvTandilis xelT
arsebuli wisqvilis Tvali 2~; `sulxanis Zis xelT arsebuli
wisqvilis Tvali 3~; ùwindeli baRi avTandilis xelT arse-
buli gauqmebulia. misi sazRvaria erTis mxriv mdinare xarufi
(?), meores mxriv mdinare fSani da erTis mxrivac wisqvili
avaqisa~; `wisqvili Tvali 4~; `wisqvili Tvali 26 sruli wliT,
gadasaxadi 2960~. Aamgvarad, gorSi arsebobda 15 wisqvili,
romelTa Tvlebis saerTo raodenoba iyo 30. maTgan amoRebuli
sagadasaxado Tanxa Seadgenda 2960 axCas.
didi iyo wisqvilis sameurneo mniSvneloba. cnobilia, rom
zogierTi wisqvili `sadedoflo~ iyo, romlebsac xSirad,
msgavsad samRebroebisa da duqnebisa, ijariT gascemdnen. erT-
erT sabuTSi naTqvamia, rom erekle II-is Tanamecxedres, dare-
jan dedofals, gorSi ekuTvnoda wisqvilebi, romlebic ijariT
iyo gacemuli da samRebros ijarasTan erTad dedofals
1 iqve, gv. 636, #495.

3 qarTulis samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 679.
203
yovelwliurad 160 Tumans aZlevda1. dedofali, zogjer, wisq-
vils Tavis erTgul moxeleze `samkvidro mamulad~ gascemda2.
werilobiTi cnobebis monacemTa mixedviT TvalSi sacemia
goris wisqvilebis simravle, im gagebiT, rom qalqis mosax-
leoba mxolod 2-2,5 aTas suls Soris aris savaraudo. ga-
modis, rom wisqvilebi axlomdebare soflebis mosaxleobasac
emsaxureboda da maT mflobelebs seriozul Semosavals
aZlevda.
baR-bostnebi
gorelebs, iseve rogorc feodaluri xanis sxva qalaqebis

mosaxleobas, mWidro kavSiri hqondaT soflis meurneobasTan.
amaze metyvelebda qalaqis garegani saxec. rogorc qalaqis
SigniT, ise mis mimdebare teritoriaze gafantuli iyo
moqalaqeTa baR-venaxebi da bostnebi. goris aRwerisas vaxuSti
batoniSvili ambobs: àramed ars adgili haviTa Suenieri,
wyali kargi, garemos aqvan venaxni da walkotni mravalni...
xili da sazrdelni mravalni, gemoianni~3.
Cvenamde moRweul sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebSi vxvdebiT
cbobebs baRebis, venaxebis da bostnebis Sesaxeb.
`dasturlamalis~ 32-e paragrafSi (`xilisa~) Cans, rom go-
ris baRebSi moweul xils didi mniSvneloba hqonda samefo
karis momaragebis saqmeSi2.

2 dokumentebi saqarTvelos socialuri istoriidan, II, batonymuri
urTierToba (XV-XIX ss.), n. berZeniSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1953, gv.,
120, #189, gv. 198, #321; Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою
Комиссиею, I, с. 209, #171.
2
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi. 1. Ãelmwifis karis garigeba; 2. das-
turlamali / teqstebi gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvlevebi, leqsi-
konebi da saZieblebi daurTo i. surgulaZem, Tb., 1970, gv. 508 (Sem-
degSi: dasturlamali). SemorCenilia gorsa da goris raionSi
adre gavrcelebuli vaSlisa da msxlis jiSebis saxelebi. vaSli:
TuraSauli, abelauri, revazbegi, kitra-vaSli, wertili-vaSli,
sinanuri-vaSli da bora-vaSli. msxali: xeWeWuri, Tavrizuli, mila-
xuri, Savimsxali, borbala, sefanauri msxali, erekles-msxala, gu-
204
XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi ki baRebi gaSenebuli iyo goris
cixis CrdiloeTiT, md. liaxvis aRmosavleTiT3, rasac Semdgom
periodSi veRar vxedavT4. amilaxvris kacebis mier venaxebisa
da baRebis aklebazea laparaki gorelebis mier 1789 w. dawe-
ril saCivarSi.
1802 w. gegmis mixedviT, qalaqis mimdebare teritoriaze
samxreT-aRmosavleTiT da Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT gaSenebuli
iyo venaxebi1 da bostnebi. mocemul teritoriaze aRniSnulia
sul 18 venaxi da 2 bostani. imave gegmidan gamomdinare, Segvi-
Zlia vTqvaT, rom goris sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi uz-
runvelyofili iyo sakmaod ganviTarebuli sairigacio sis-
temiT. Tanamedrove qalaqis teritoria daqselili iyo mravali
arxiT, romlebiTac baRebi da mindvrebi irwyveboda.
rac dro gadioda, qalaqis SigniT arsebuli baR-venaxebis
farTobi mcirdeboda. es, pirvel rigSi, qalaqis mosaxleobis
zrdiT da, Sesabamisad, sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi
daniSnulebis nagebobaTa mSeneblobiT iyo gamowveuli. es
procesi gansakuTrebiT unda daCqarebuliyo XVIII s. meore
naxevridan, roca Teimuraz II-is da erekle II-is dros gori,
labi, Tafla-msxali, mTis-xeWeWuri. javaxiSvili iv., Txzulebani

Tormet tomad, V, 1986, gv. 693, 695.
3
dasturlamali, gv. 528.
4
qarTlis cxovreba, II, CubinaSvilis gamocema, gv. 79; qronikebi da
sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, III, gv. 175.
1 `dasturlamalSi~ naxsenebia mefis kuTvnileba `goris zvari~,
magram miTiTebuli ar aris sad an ra farTobze iyo gaSenebuli.
goris zvrisaTvis gorSi mohqondaT 60 `sakomlo sari~. TiToeuli
`sakomlo sari~ sami konisagan Sedgeboda, e.i. yovelwliurad
ikribeboda 180 kona. Tu YTiToeul konaSi, tradiciulad, 40 sars
vigulisxmebT, gamodis rom weliwadSi ikribeboda 7200 sari.
imasac Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom saris Secvla sam weliwadSi
erTxel xdeboda, maSin gamodis, rom goris samefo zvarSi gamoye-
nebuli iyo 21600 sari. amdenive iqneboda vazis ZirTa raodenobac.
iv. javaxiSvilma, zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoangariSa,
rom goris samefo zvari unda yofiliyo 4,32-5,4 dRiuramde. Sdr.
1802 wlis gegma. Tu XVI-XIX ss. erTi dRiuri 0,29-0,5 heqtars udri-
da, maSin goris samefo zvari gaSenebuli yofila daaxloebiT 10
heqtarze.
205
iseve rogorc qarTlis sxva qalaqebi, SedarebiT mSvidobian
pirobebSi cxovrobda. 1780 wlis erTi sigelidan Cans, rom
qalaqSi Tavisufali teritoria imdenad Semcirebulia, rom
erT-erTi eklesiis mSenebloba amis gamo didi xniT dayovnda.
mefe erekle saakaSvils ubrZanebs: `magram sxva alagi ki aRar
gqondaT saeklesio rom neba da Semweoba gvewyalobebina Tqven-
Tvisa. da radgan isev Tqvenve saRdrisaTvis alagic Tqvensave
saxlisa win aRmosavleTis mxaresa sakuTar Tqveni patara baRi
gamoimeteT da SeswireT, amisaTvis Cvenc vismineT aja Tqveni
da giboZeT neba eklesiis aRSenebisa Tqvensave mamulSi~1.
XIX s. dasawyisisaTvis qalaqSi imdenad siviwrove iyo, rom
zafxulobiT mosaxleobas dasvenebisa da garTobis adgilad
gadaiqca qalaqis gareT baRebi2.
Zveli goris garegani saxe rom ufro srulyofilad war-

movidginoT, mcireodeni unda iTqvas mis Semogarenzec.
gorelebs qalaqis galavnis gareT hqondaT ori sasaflao
_ qarTvelebis da somxebis. sasaflaoebi erTmaneTis gverdi-
gverd iyo iq, sadac amJamad ganlagebulia goris mTavrobis
saxlი, saqarTvelos banki da stalinis saxelobis moedani.
md. liaxvi miedineboda cixis dasavleTi kedlis ZirSi.
misi mudmivi kalapoti erTobis quCis aRmosavleTiT gadioda
da mtkvars uerTdeboda. am mdinaris adidebisas wyliT ifare-
boda sakmaod vrceli teritoria, romelzec amJamad gaSe-
nebulia mzeWabukis Zegli da skveri, stadioni, kulturisa da
dasvenebis parki, robaqiZis quCa, yofili sastumro `qarTli~,
da a.S.
amJamindeli iusticiis saxlis, avtosadguris, yofili baz-
ris moednis maxloblad, iq, sadac avtomobilebis sadgomi iyo,
liaxvi qmnida mozrdil kunZuls. liaxvis TiToeul totze,
cal-calke, erTmaneTis miyolebiT gadebuli iyo ori xis xidi,
1 gsiem, #5803.
206
maTze gadioda gza, romelic mdinaris meore napirze orad
iyofoda: erTi midioda TedowmindaSi, meore _ tinisxidSi.
1802 wlis gegmis Sedgenis dros mtkvarze xidi ar iyo1. es
garemoeba sainteresoa miT ufro, rom gorelebi XVIII s. 20-ian
wlebSi mtkvarze gadebuli xidiT sargeblobdnen da garkveul
gadasaxadsac ixdidnen. amgvari cnoba Semogvinaxa 1728 wlis
Tbilisis vilaieTis didma davTarma. mtkvarze gadebuli xidis
Sesaxeb davTarSi imitom iyo aRniSnuli, rom `mtkvarze gade-
bul gadasasvlel xidze~, osmalebs dadgenili hqondaT
gorelebis gadasaxadi 2.000 axCa2. am cnobis mniSvneloba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom aqamde mtkvris xidze mxolod is vicodiT
XVII s. dasawyisSi terteram rom xidi ayara da gors mtris
Tavdasxma aacila. Semdgom periodSi gorTan mtkvarze xidis
arsebobaze araviTari cnoba ar gagvaCnia. rogorc iTqva,
mtkvarze xidi ar Cans goris 1802 wlis gegmaze, samagierod
aris 5 (droebiTi) xidi md. fSansa da liaxvze, romlebzec
vrclad vilaparakebT goris istoriis meore wignSi.
1 Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд, ВУА,

№20548.
207
goris cixe
kastelma Tavis mravalricxovan Canaxatebs daurTo isto-

riuli Sinaarsis mqone saintereso ganmartebani. asea goris
cixesTan mimarTebaSic. kastelis es naxati, romelic nawilia
don kristoforo de kastels naxati. goris

cixis dasavleTi monakveTi.
208
sruli suraTisa, pirvelia Cvenamde moRweul saqarTvelos cixe-
Ta amsaxvel naxatebs Soris. sainteresoa kastelis mier masze
gakeTebuli laTinurenovani minawerebi. ramdenadac isini gad-
mogvcems Cveni qalaqis istoriul warsuls, rogorc igi esmoda
TviT mxatvar-misioners. ai ras swerda kristoforo kasteli:
`Teimurazi erT dros qarTl-kaxeTis mefe iyo da sxv.,
Cveni drois didi meomari am qveyanaSi. man [bevri ibrZola]
Sahis winaaRmdeg, magram Semdeg daberda da Tavisianebis mier
mitovebulma, dasTmo mTeli Tavisi samefo da axla cxo-
vrobs, rogorc kerZo piri, Tavis siZe aleqsandresTan, qalaq
quTaisSi. ... xSirad... moskovis mTavari mas uwodebs qristia-
nuli sarwmunoebis damcvels mahmadianobis winaaRmdeg. som-
xebis eklesia. sparseTis xelmwifis, Sahsefis, meuRle elene
aTabagi iese qristes saxarebaze moaqcies didad pativcemu-
lma regularebis patrebma guriis mxareSi. im dros, roca
misioni saqarTvelos samefoSi imyofeboda. keTilismyofeli,
RvTismosavi qali, didad bednieri, sazeimo sikeTiT saxel-
ganTqmuli, sparseTis jarebis mTavarsardali, rostomis dr-
os. Sedeg, roca Teimurazma miatova Tavisi samefo, am re-
zidencias safuZveli Cauyara da erTgulebis niSnad es geg-
zavnebaT, Cveni regularuli patri misionerebis saSualebiT,
1630 wels.
qarTlis provinciaSi pirvelad es rezidencia avaSeneT.
aqve iyo heretikos somxebisa da wminda sarwmunoebis sxva
mtrebis eklesiebic~1.
1
don qristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb / teqsti gaSifra, Targmna, gamokvleva da komentarebი da-
urTo beJan giorgaZem, Tb., 1976, Tb., 1977, gv. 170.
209
goris cixe. don kristoforo de kastelis naxati
marTalia, am naxats goris cixed movixseniebT, magram

sinamdvileSi masze asaxulia XVII saukunis pirveli naxevris
mTeli qalaqi gori. kasteli ase gadmogvcems Tavisi naxatis
calkeul siuJetebs: `goris cixesTan mdebare misionerTa sava-
ne... Cvens droSi, didi iberiis gaukacrielebis Semdeg. ja-
riskacebi [Turqebis] saTvalTvale qongurebidan. netari avgu-
stinis eklesia. miraga. somxebis savaWroebi. regularuli wesis
patrebisaTvis mocemuli saxli. patri avgustinelebi. wyali
moaqvs saxedriT. patrebi modian soflidan. patrebi did
210
generalTan, sparseTis xelmwifis sarda... mas warudgines spar-
seTis xelmwifis mier SekveTili naSromi. Cveni rezidencia
saqarTveloSi, sadac yovelTvis kargad gviRebdnen. amieridan
qarTvelebi gadasaxlebulni arian sparseTSi. umTavresad Sah-
abasma xalxisgan dacala saqarTvelos es qveyana, romelic
somxeTs esazRvreba.
1946 w. 5 aprils goris cixis CrdiloeTis ferdobis moz-
vavebisas gamoCnda Zveli cixis kedlis naSTi da keramikuli
natexebi. kedeli aSenebuli iyo Tlili qviT. amgvarad, da-
dginda, rom Sua saukuneebis cixe aSenebuli iyo Zvel nacixa-
rze, romelic mkvlevarTa azriT, armazcixis tipis nagebobas
warmoadgenda. cixis mSeneblebma optimalurad gamoiyenes kld-
ovani borcvi. Cemi dakvirvebiT, amave borcvis samxreT ferdo-
bze moWrili kldes iyenebdnen mSeneblobidaTvis, rac dResac
kargad Cans.
Sidacixis zRudeebi isea amoyvanili, rom borcvis Txemi
SigniT aris moqceuli, rac Tavdamsxmelebs zRudis saZirkvlis
gaTxras uZnelebda. saZirkvlis gamTxreli kedlis SigniT
kldes waawydeboda da SidacixeSi ver SeaRwevda. cixis kedlis
simaRle 6 m, xolo sisqe 3 m unda yofiliyo. nageboba Tari-
Rdeba Zv. w. ukanaskneli aTaseulis meore naxevridan axali w.
a. pirveli saukuneebiT. `Tu armazcixe warmoadgens Tavisebur
akropols, _ werda d. gvritiSvili, _ xolo goris cixesa da
armazcixes Soris msgavsebas vcnobT, maSin im daskvnamde unda
mivideT, rom goris cixis saxiT Cven meore akropolisic
gvqonda. aseTi daskvna gadaWarbebulad ar mogveCveneba Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom gori Sida qarTlis guli
iyo, Sida qarTli ki mTeli qarTlis guli~1.
211
goris cixis orTofoto
goris cixis mSeneblobaze gamoyenebuli iyo iseTive tipis

alizi (gamouwvavi _ ùmi~ da gamomwvari _ `Secxobili~), ro-
goric iyo mcxeTaSi da ufliscixeSi. sainteresoa, rom mcxe-
Tis, ufliscixisa da goris cixis alizi urartus cixe-qala-
qis TeiSebainis mSeneblobisas gamoyenebuli alizis msgavsia1.
goris cixem Tavisi arsebobis manZilze mraval qartexils
gauZlo, mravaljer daingra, magram kvlav aRsdga. Cvenamde
moRweuli pirveli werilobiTi wyaro, fsevdo-Sapuhis istoria,
goris cixes sakmaod Zlier simagred warmogvidgens. igi aseve
Zlieri Cans XII-XIV saukuneebSi. Tundac is faqti rad Rirs,
rom giorgi V brwyinvalem goris osTagan gaTavisuflebas sami
weli moandoma. Temur-lengis istorikosebi nezam ad-dini da
Saraf ad-dini XV s. dasawyisSi, Temuris meeqvse Semosevis
dros, goris cixes ùaRresad mkvidrsa da saguldagulod
1 afaqiZe a., qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba Zvel saqarTveloSi, gv.

77-78.
212
gamagrebul warmogvidgenen1. Saraf ad-dinis
cixe-simagred~
TqmiT, goris cixe SeyvarebulTa pirobaze mtkice iyo. Temuris
istorikosebi imisTvisac aqeben goris cixes, rom mkiTxveli
daarwmunon dampyroblis siZliereSi.
CamoTvlili avtorebis cnobebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom maT

dros goris cixe qvitkiriT naSenebi iyo. amaze imitom vamaxvi-
leb yuradRebas, rom XV s. 70-ian wlebSi venecielma ambrojo
kontarinim xiT nagebi goris cixe ixila2. S. mesxias azriT,
1 tabataZe k., qarTveli xalxis brZola ucxoeli dampyroblebis

winaaRmdeg XIV-XV saukuneebis mijnaze, gv. 134.
2 Ramusio G. M., Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi, v. II, p. 115; `moambe~,
1892, #11.
213
rac goris cixis magaliTzea damyarebuli, xis simagreebi
damaxasiaTebeli iyo saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebisTvisac. `xis
cixe-simagreTa arseboba, _ werda S. mesxia, _ ra Tqma unda,
qalaqis siRaribeze rodi migviTiTebs; igi Tavdacvisa da sao-
mari teqnikis maSindel dones savsebiT Seefereboda~1. me ki
vfiqrob, rom maSindel gorSi xis cixis arseboba ara mxolod
qalaqis, aramed mTeli qveynis siRaribeze miuTiTebda. qveyana
aseT mdgomareobamde Temurisa da misi memkvidreebis TareSma
miiyvana. aqve isic unda SevniSno, rom S. mesxia XVII s. Sua-
xanebamde gorSi xis cixes varaudobda. magram danamdvilebiT
viciT, rom jer kidev XVI s. dasasruls goris cixe qviT iyo
nagebi.
1578 w. iran-osmaleTis omis dasawyisSi, Sirvanis laSqro-
bidan ukan mobrunebulma osmaleTis jaris sardalma lala
mustafa faSam gori gaamagra2. qarTul wyaroebis òsmalebma
gori aRaSeneso~, rom goris cixis aSeneba igulisxmeba,
adasturebs araqel davriJeci: `TbilisSi, dmanisSi, gorSi, lo-
reSi da sxva adgilebSi aago lalam cixeebi da iq jari
Caayena~3.
osmalebma goris cixe rom qviT aaSenes, Cans imave araqel
davriJecis sxva cnobidan: 1599 w. svimon I-ma gori gaaTa-
visufla. `mtiral ucxo tomelebs (svimonma) ubrZana dangre-
uli cixis qvebi waeRoT da md. mtkvarSi CaeyaraT~4. Sah. abasis
1 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 610-611.

2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 523; II, gv. 411.
4
megreliZe i., didi liaxvis siZveleni da maTi warwerebi // stali-
niris saxelmwifo pedinstitutis Sromebi, III, staliniri, 1957, gv.
234.
214
brZanebiT, 1614 w. zafxulSi, go-
ris cixe aRadgines da Sig yizi-
lbaSTa garnizoni Caayenes1.
gamefebisTanave, 1632 w., ros-
tom mefem goris cixe aRadgina.
rogorc Cans, cixis aRdgeniT da-
interesebuli iyo Sah sefi, vaxu-
Sti ambobs: `rostomis mefobas
aRaSena Sasefim kualad cixe da
mieriT epyraT yizilabSTa~2. samu-
Saos asrulebda mTeli jari, ro-
melic gorSi da mis axlomaxlo
soflebSi daabinaves3. mSeneblo-
bas uSualod jaris sardali
rostom-xan saakaZe xemZRvanelob-
rostom xani (xosro mirza) da4. f. gorgijaniZis mixedviT, ci-
qristoforo de kastelis naxati. xis mSenebloba 20 dRes gagr-
Zelda5. sxva wyaros mixedviT `q.
rostom nefe rostomxan sardali qalaqSi movidnen da oc
dReze daqceuli gori aRaSenes~6. `wigni qronikoni Zvelisa da
axlisa~ cixis aRdgenis or sxvadasxva droze miuTiTebs: 20 da
30 dRe. `1631 w. tiT - rostom mefe da rostom sardali saqar-
TveloSi movidnen da oc dReze daqceuli goris cixe
aRaSenes~. `1636 q. q ks tkl goris cixe aaSena rostom mefem,
yeenis laSqari axlda, adlobiT dauyo da ocdaaT dReze
aaSenes~7. `beburaanT Zveli TariRebis~ mixedviT cixe oc dReSi
auSenebiaT8.
1 isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 90.

4 iqve, gv. 56.
6 boWoraZe g., furcelaanTeuli qronika // saistorio moambe, w. I,
weliwadi II, tf., 1925, gv. 177. am wyaros TariRi (1631 w.) სwori araa.
unda iyos 1633 w.
7 saqarTvelos saistorio qronikebi, gv. 342;
8 iqve, gv. 344
215
damowmebul wyaრoebSi goris cixis aRdgenis sxvadasxva
dros (20 Tu 30 dRe) yuradReba rom ar mivaqcioT, arc Ta-
riRebia swori. rogorc vnaxeT, gvaqvs 1631, 1636 wlebi, gvaqvs,
agreTve 16321 da 16342 wlebi.
yvelaze sandod unda miviCnioT don pietro avitabiles
Canawerebi, radgan igi goris cixis aRdgenis TviTmxilvelia.
avitabiles TqmiT, òrmoc dReSi simagris Seneba sabolood
dasrulda, romelzedac (yizilbaSTa _ e.m.) mTelma jarma
imuSava~. mSenebloba dasrulda 1633 wlis agvistoSi. avitabile
iqve iZleva erT uaRresad saintereso cnobas: `generali,
romelsac qarTvelebi sardals uwodeben, xedavda, rom goris
simagris aSeneba didi warmatebiT mimdinareobda, moisurva am
simagris naxati (gegma) sparseTis xelmwifisaTvis gaegzavna. man
kargad icoda, rom Cvens saxlSi SeeZloT daxatva, amitom gamo-
gviZaxa. wavidnen patri jakomo da don kristoforo (kasteli _
e.m.). (generalma) eseni didi siyvaruliT miiRo da sTxova, rom
aRniSnuli naxati SeesrulebinaT... patrma don kristoforom
(cixis gegma) Zalian kargad daxata da wauRo generals. man
iseTi sixaruliT miiRo, rom ver agiwerT. generalma meore
dRes igi Tavis batons _ sparseTis Sahs _ gaugzavna~3.
kristoforo kastelis mier 1642 w. 20 marts samegrelodan
romSi gagzavnili werilidan Cans, rom mas SahisaTvis sxva
suraTebic dauxatia. is ar asaxelebs, kerZod ra daxata, gamo-
yofs mxolod erTs, goris gegmas. rostom mefes, jaris sar-
dals rostom saakaZes da sparsel didebulebs gegma ise
moswonebiaT, rom maT kristoforos iranSi wasvla da Sahis
karze samsaxuri SesTavazes. magram kristoforom avadmyofobis
mizeziT uaryo es winadadeba4.
kastelis kargad cnobili goris cixis naxatze aris misive
xeliT italiurad minaweri, saidanac irkveva, rom naxatis erT-
erTi scena im moments asaxavs, patrebma yizilbaSTa sardals,
e.i. rostom saakaZes goris cixis gegma rom miarTves.
1 mcire qronikebi, gv. 60.

4 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1101, 16-17.
216
Jan Sardenis azriT, goris cixe kargad daculi ar iyo. am
frangi mogzauris gorSi yofnis dros cixes asi kaci icavda1.
yvela isini yizilbaSebi iyvnen. iranis gavlenis gaZlierebas
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi isqander munSi goris cixis
aRdgenasTan akavSirebs~2.
mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebda goris cixe òsmalobis~
periodis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. osmalebis gorisadmi
interesi da isic, ras aniWebdnen isini mniSvnelobas dapyro-
bil qveyanaSi, kargaT gamoCnda 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis
didi davTris im monakveTis saxelwodebaSi, romelic gors
exeba. mas hqvia `goris cixe~.
dampyroblebi goris cixes miiCnevdnen ara mxolod rogorc
TavdacviT nagebobas da Sida qarTlSi batonobis placdarms,
aramed igi erTdroulad iyo regionis mmarTvelobis centric
_ aq iyo ganTavsebuli saokupacio mmarTveloba. iqve iyo
qalaqisa da regionis muslimanuri sasuliero xelmZRvanelo-
bac.
cixeSi hqonda Tavisi saTadarigo rezidencia Tbilisis
vilaieTis meTaurs ishak (isay) faSas _ `TbilisSi warCinebu-
lTa Soris udidebuless~. igi, imave dros osmaleTis sulTnis
veziric iyo. ishak faSa iyo samcxis aTabagebis gamuslima-
nebuli STamomavali, axalcixis faSa (1723-1735), romelic gana-
gebda Tbilisis vilaieTsac. rogorc cnobilia, XVI saukunis
bolodan TiTqmis yvela vilaieTis gamgebeli veziris tituls
atarebda3.
Wirs imisi Tqma, konkretulad raime antimarTlmadideb-
luri RoniZieba gatarda Tu ara òsmalobis~ periodis gorSi,
magram raRac seriozuli ki moxda iseTi, romlis gasworebas
1 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva

qveynebSi, gv. 295.
2 isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. gv. 37.
3 jiqia s., XVIII saukunis ori Turquli dokumenti. Tsu Sromebi, t. 99.
aRmosavleTmcodneobis seria, III, Tb., 1962, gv. 153-172; sami
osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisaTvis (1730-1732). Turquli
teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT, SesavliT, terminologiuri leqsi-
koniTa da faqsimileebiT gamosacemad moamzada n. Sengeliam, Tb.,
2008, gv. 100, Sen. 1.
217
didi xnis Semdeg, 1757 wels mefe Tavisi ganCinebiT cdilobda:
èsec ase gvibraZanebia, Tu Cvens saxaso kacs gorSi kaTali-
kozis ymis miwa da venaxi eyidnos, ra osmalo qarTlSi mosu-
liyos, mas aqeT òsmalobas~ Tu `yizilbaSobas~, dRes aqamdis
imisi miwis Rala da venaxis kuluxi1 kaTalikozs unda miscen
da Tu saxaso kacisagan katalikozis kacs da ymas uyidnia miwa,
Tu venaxi, imisi miwis Rala da venaxis kuluxi saCvenoT unda
gamoerTvas da miscemodnen~2.
am RonisZiebiT, rogorc safiqrebelia, mefes surda saba-
tono da saeklesio ymebis eqsploataciis normis gaTanabreba,
magram CvenTvis saintereso is aris, rom òsmalobis~ dros,
eklesiis (saeklesio ymebis) qonebriv mdgomareobaSi cvlileba
moxda gauaresebis mimarTulebiT. savaraudoa, saeklesio ymebs
maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli saeklesio miwebi CamoarTves da
isini daumorCiles amilaxvris nahies anu osmalur sagadasa-
xado sistemas. isic SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom òsmalobis~ dros
dampyroblis samsaxurSi Sesulma Tavad-aznaurebma saeklesio
(sakaTalkoso) miwebi miiTvises.
davTarSi araviTari cnoba ar aris goris marTlmadideb-
luri eklesiebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. samagierod masSi aRni-
Snulia, rom goris cixeSi òri patiosani jamea~. gasagebia,
rom jameebis garda gorsa da mis rabaTSi sxva, mudmiv moqmedi
muslimuri salocavebic iyo. unda aRiniSnos, rom muslimanTa
saokupacio sardlebisa da moxeleebis mier qarTuli marTl-
madidebluri eklesiebis meCeTebad gadakeTeba, rogorc Cans
Cveulebrivi iyo. gvaqvs osmalebis aseTi moqmedebis amsaxveli
ufro adrindeli ramdenime cnoba. 1586/1587 ww. osmaleTis
jaris sardalma ferhad faSam goris cixis mowesrigebis Sem-
deg fadiSahis ganzraxvis mixedviT, goris erTi didi eklesiis
meCeTad gadakeTeba daiwyo. eklesiis meCeTad gadakeTeba didi
zeimiT dasrulda3; rostom mefem goris dauflebis Semdeg
qarTvelebis eklesiebi, romelic simagreSi iyo moTavsebuli,
mahmadianebis meCeTebad gadaakeTebina4.
1 kuluxi _ Rvinis sabatono gadasaxadi.

2 xec, f. 227, saq. #904.
4 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze, gv. 57.
218
aseve sayuradReboa da garkvevas moiTxovs davTris Sem-
degi adgili: `vakufi jami Serifisa goris cixeSi, aSenebuli
warCinebulTa da udidebulesTa iusuf begis didebuli vezi-
ris ishak faSas mier~1. moRweulia naxati, romelSic aisaxa
ishak faSas mier goris cixeSi agebul james2 interieri: gamo-
saxulia morwmuneTa mier namazis Sesrulebis scena. Ggamomce-
melma naxats Tavze waawera: „qurides3 cixis meCeTSi juma
namazi4“. uSualod suraTze zeda warwera, gumbaTis Tavze:
`paraskevi dRe, 28 Savalis5 Tve“. qveda didi teqsti: „hafizma6
hazreTi7 zelulahma keTilxmovnad waikiTxa xutba da
amonaridebi yuranidan. xutbis bolos moixsenia muhamed
mociquli“8 (ix. suraTi).

2 jame _ sakrebulo meCeTi, romelSic saparaskevo da sadResaswaulo
locva imarTeboda. ubnebis mcire meCeTebis mrevli paraskevobiT
jameSi iyrida Tavs da iq loculobda. evlia Celebis mogzaurobis
wigni, II, gv. 174.
3 qurides cixe - osmaluri damwerlobis da Turquli enis Tavi-
seburebebidan gamomdinare aris goris cixe, Tanac Turq avtors
ase aqvs ganmartebuli Tanamedrove TurquliT suraTis qvemoT.
4
juma namazi - paraskevis locva.
5
Savalis Tve - ramazanis (marxvis Tvis) momdevno Tve.
6
hafizi - piri, romelmac zepirad icis yurani.
7
hazreTi - mimarTvis forma umaRlesi sasuliero pirebisadmi,
uwmindesi. naxatze moTavsebuli arabuli warwerebi Cemi TxovniT,
wignSi moTavsebuli dokumentebis Turqulidan mTargmnelma gela
guniavam aTargmnina akbar moyadasis (zupitaSvili), fereidnel qar-
Tvels, romelic muSaobs q. yumis (irani) erT-erT universitetSi.
igi aris Teologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. kiTxu-
lobs leqciebs da aris amave universitetis biblioTekis di-
reqtori. sargeblobs avtoritetiT mecnierul wreebSi, rogorc
iranSi, ise mis sazRvrebs gareT. vsargeblob SemTxveviT da did
madlobas movaxseneb batonebs: akbar moyadasis da gela guniavas.
8
ix. saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi osmalur saarqivo dokumentebSi, gv.
250.
219
juma namazis (paraskevis) locva goris cixis meCeTSi
220
გoris cixeSi ganTavsebuli iyo osmaluri jaris gansxva-
vebuli daniSnulebis mqone sxvadasxva kontigenti. jariskacebi
samsaxuris sanacvlod iRebdnen ulufas da fulad anazRa-
urebas. provianti maTi uzrunvelyofisaTvis Tbilisidan gorSi
igzvneboda. is gadahqondaT Calvadrebs, risTvisac gasam-
rjelos iRebdnen. dokumentSi vkixulobT: `CalvadarTa xel-
fasis, proviantiT datvirTvis da tvirTis ianiCarTa umaRlesi
sameufeo karis bairaRebis1 jariskacTa nivTebis gagzavnis
Taobaze Tbilisidan goris mimarTulebiT arzuhalisa2 da
xsenebuli veziris, Tbilisis mcvelis ishak faSas mier~3. Cans,
rom Tbilisidan goramde osmalebis mogzauroba da tvirTis
gadatana garkveul xifaTTan iyo dakavSirebuli da es gana-
pirobebda mgzavrebisa da tvirTisaTvis Seiararebuli razmis
gayolebas. dokumentSi erTgan vkiTxulobT, rom vezirma ishak
faSam 23 zil hijes 1143 wlisa (29. 08. 1731) gasca brZaneba
gorSi myof azabTa saqonlis proviantiT momaragebis Sesaxeb.
serdengeCTianTa ianiCrebis TavzexelaRebulTa razms daevala
proviantis gayola da dacva4. amgvari RonisZiebebis gatareba
osmalebs xSirad uxdebodaT5.
laSqris erT-erTi Semadgeneli saxeoba iyo jebejianebi anu
meiaraReebi, meabjreebi. isini ZiriTadad sameurneo saqmianobas
eweodnen. maT movaleobas Seadgenda iaraRis damzadeba, dacva,
gadazidva da ganawileba. maTi meTauri iyo jebeji baSi6. òsma-
lobis~ periodis gorSi aseTi ori pirovneba Cans, jer ahmed
aRa, Semdeg ilhaj ahmedi.
1 bairaki _ bairaRi, droSa. es iyo zogadi saxeli ianiCarTa aseul-

ebis, odebisa. yovel odas Tavisi bairaRi hqonda. bairaqSi 50-60
ianiCari iyo.
2 arzuhali _ gancxadeba, arza, Txovna, osmaluri safinanso doku-
mentis garkveuli kategoria. sami osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis
istoriisaTvis, gv. 306.
3 sami osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisaTvis, gv. 233.
4 iqve, gv. 233, 304, 234, 238,
5 iqve, gv. 234, 238.
6 iqve, gv. 17, 101.
221
gorSi dabanakebuli iyvnen TofCiebi _ mezarbazneebi, rom-
lebsac meTaurobda TofCu-baSi1. goris TofCiebis xelfasi
Seadgenda 32696,5 yuruSi eseds2.
goris cixis mcvelebi, ianiCrebi _ ulufis saxiT iRebdnen
fqvils3, xelfasis saxiT gaicemoda weliwadSi 1510 yuruSi
esadi da 16 fara4. maTi meTauri iyo aRa mustafa.
goris mcveli jariskacebis raodenoba cvalebadi iyo: 272,
254, 253, 261, 246. TiToeuli maTgani dReSi iRebda wyvil purs,
daaxloebiT 0,2 oya xorcs da erT qila qers5.
jebejianebis raodenoba iyo 66, 37, 34, 32, 73, 62 da TiToeul
maTganzec igive odenobis ulufa gaicemoda6.
TofCianebi _ 73, 62, 57, 52, ulufa igive7. isini emor-
Cilebodnen jer TofCi aRa mustafas, Semdeg aRa mehmeds.
goris cixeSi dabanakebuli iyo 46 mustafazi, romlebsac
evalebodaT, cixis, gamagrebuli adgilis da dabanakebuli
laSqris dacva. esenic igive ulufas iRebdnen8.
goris cixeSi idga, agreTve, 23 cxenosani azabani9, ilhaj
ibrahimis meTaurobiT10.
amgvarad, òsmalobis~ goris cixeSi regularulad imyo-
feboda daaxloebiT 414 osmalo samxedro, romelTa xelfasiT,
proviantiTa da SeiaraRebiT uzrunvelyofa seriozul Zalis-
xmevas moiTxovda.
*
sexnia CxeiZis mixedviT, goris cixe didad dazianda 1735 w.

oqtomberSi, roca qarTvel didebulebze ganrisxebulma nadir
Sahma `daaqcia cixe gorisa~, qalaqs Tabori, gausiva jari
aragvis erisTavs barZims, oTxi aTasi zemo qarTls, oTxi aTasi
1 evlia Celebis mogzaurobis wigni, gv. 142.

2 sami osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisaTvis, gv. 17.
3 iqve, gv. 20-21.
4 iqve, gv. 36.
5 iqve, gv. 48, 52.
6 iqve, gv. 53-57.
7 iqve, gv. 57-63.
8 iqve, gv. 68, 308.
9 iqve, gv. 69, 303.
10 iqve, gv. 69.
222
aragvis erisTavs barZims, oTxi aTasi zemo qarTls, oTxi aTasi
sacicianos: aragvis erisTavis ananuri da imas aqeT qsnis
erisTavisa, monasters qveviT, aweris-xevs qveiT daatyveves,
daswves zemo qarTlisa, faxanidam dawyebuli muxranamdi aaox-
res, daatyveves, daswves, Seabilwes eklesia, yovelgniT gaaox-
res mRvime xatiTa da morTulobiTa, waiyvanes qarTlidam
komli rva-asi~1. am saerTo awiokebisa da ngrevis viTarebaSi
goris cixis daqceva savsebiT mosalodnelia, magram sxva wya-
roebi amas ar adasturebs.
gvaqvs mxolod erTi sabuTi, sadac laparakia nadir Sahis
mier goris cixis aSenebaze. nadirSahs vinme iahiabegi gamo-
ugzavnia `goris cixis... asaSeneblad~2, magram ar Cans konkre-
tulad rodis dazianda cixe da arc is Cans, rodis aRadgines
igi.
goris cixe Tbilisis cixis Semdeg erT-erT uZlieres sima-
gred miaCnda giuldenStedts XVIII s. 70-iani wlebis saqarT-
veloSi3.
s. burnaSevis azriT, imave saukunis 80-iani wlebis goris
cixis aReba, misi kargi mdebareobis gamo, ara marto adgilo-
briv xalxs, aramed evropelebsac gauZneldebodaT4.
goris cixe XVIII s. 70-iani wlebisaTvis ukve imdenad dazi-
anebuli iyo, rom erekle II, am droidan sicocxlis bolomde,
misi aRdgenis samuSaos eweoda, man goris cixis aRdgenaze
gadawyvetileba jer kidev 1772 w. miiRo. am mniSvnelovani Ro-
nisZiebis ganxorcielebas mefe adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
aqtiuri mxardaWeriT varaudobda5. magram maSindel qarTlSi
Seqmnilma viTarebam mas mSeneblobis dawyebis saSualeba ar
misca. is Semdgom wels revaz amilaxvars cixis mxolod
saxeldaxelo gamagrebas avalebda6.
1 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 339;

2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, gv. 349, #332.
3 giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, I, gv. 259.
Карталинского, c. 8.
6 iqve, gv. 10, #3.
223
cixis aRdgenis samuSaoebi intensiurad daiwyo 1774 wlidan.
sainteresoa erekles mier 18 marts goris mourav revaz
amilaxvris, goris meliqis zurabisa da yvela gorelisadmi
micemuli oqmi. mefe maT sTxovs, rom cixis mSeneblobisaTvis
xazinis sesxad gamoiRon 50 Tumani, romelsac isini 5 Tvis
Semdeg goris baJis ijaridan ukan daibruneben. `RvTis mowya-
lebiT, am ormocdaaTis TumniT rac muSaoba SeiZleba, goris
cixeze unda imuSaoT da gaakeToT~ _ werda erekle gorelebs.
mefe amilaxvars ubrZanebs rogori samuSaoebi unda Catardes
mimdinare zafxuls, kerZod: `sakirebi dawviT da am zafxuls
suluxis mxares da zeiT cixezed imuSaveT, ormocdaaTi Tumani
rasac gaakeTebdes daasruleT~1.
erekle II iTvaliswinebda ra qveynis finansur mdgomareobas
da imasac, rom mSenebloba mraval wels gagrZeldeboda, revaz
amilaxvars daavala gaemarTaT ori sakire, danarCeni Tanxebi
SeenaxaT2. cota mogvianebiT (1774 w. 4 ivnisi) mefe savaraudo
miTiTebebs aZlevs goris mouravs, romeli samuSaoebi unda
Sesruldes da raSi ramdeni unda gadaixadon:
`q. goris cixisaTvis da sakires rac moundeba, rogorc ga-
rigda amas qveiT sweria...
q. batono amilaxvaro revaz! es am siT rogor dagveweros
goris cixis sariSta3 es ase unda aRasrulo. romelic TeTriT
samuSao aris, goris ijaridam ormocdaaTi Tumani rom gadag-
vidvia, rogorc amas winaT mogveweros, iqidam daxarjeT da ase
gaakeTebineT...
q. qviSis moTxris da gacris muSa goridam unda gamoviyva-
noT, dReSi ori Sauri misceT samuSao. Cven am xarjis varaudi
ase gvinaxavs _ Tu naklebi moundes naklebi daxarjeT da Tu
meti moundes, Tqvens saqmesa da muSaobas nu moscildebiT da
Cven gvacodineT da romelic am oqmebSi iasaulebi gangviwese-
1 iqve, gv. 12-13, #7.

2 iqve, gv. 14, #10.
3 Tadarigi, wesrigi.
224
bia, amaT kacis Tavs oTx-oTxi minalTunT TaveiaTi gasamrjelod
migvicia am ormocdaaTis Tumnidan...~1.
goris mouravs, revaz amilaxvars erekle ubrZanebs beji-
Tad moekidos samuSaos2. ufro metic, mas ganzraxuli hqonda
piradad exelmZRvanela mSeneblobisaTvis. is gorSi misvlas
agvistos Sua ricxvebidan, anton I da batoniSvil levanis ru-
seTidan dabrunebis Semdeg fiqrobda. ereklem revaz amila-
xvars daavala, vidre TviTon ewveoda, manamde samSeneblo
masala moemzadebinaT, xolo `kaTalikozs da levans rom qa-
laqs mosuls daviguleb, mandeT wamovalT, rom mariamobis
(agvisto _ e. m.) naxevridan sul erTianaT baton-yma mivexvivneT
da goris saqme vimuSaoT~. magram erekle gorSi ver mivida.
marTalia, anton I da batoniSvili droze dabrundnen, magram
mefe gadaudebeli saqmeebis gamo axtalas wavida.
rogorc Cans, goris cixis aRdgena sasurvelad ver mimdi-
nareobda. 1774 w. 31 agvistos erekle goris mouravs werda: `q.
goris cixis keTebisa veRara SevityveT ra, Tu dRes magaze
galatozi ara dgas da ar muSaobs, rodisRa unda gakeTdes?
aTs enkenisTves (seqtemberi _ e. m.) ukan mand kiri xom aRarc
imuSaveba, gahyinavs, Tu axlav ar daaSurebT raRa gakeTdeba?
erekle~3.
arsebuli wyaroebi ar gvaZlebs saSualebas vTqvaT, rogor
mimdinareobda an rodis damTavrda goris cixis aRdgena4. erTi
ram cxadia, rom 20 wlis Semdegac grZeldeboda aRdgeniTi
samuSaoebi. maSasadame, 1802 w. Sedgenili gegma erekles mier
restavirirebul cixes asaxavs.
cixe iwyeboda mdinareebis liaxvis da mejudis SesarTavTan
da modioda borcvis aRmosavleT cicabo ferdobis ukidures
wveramde. SedarebiT rTul nagebobas warmoadgenda cixis is
nawili, romelic `cxra karis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. masSi Casas-
1 iqve, gv. 15, #11.

2 iqve, gv. 16, #12.
3 iqve, gv. 13. #8, 17, #13.
4 i. berZniSvili imave sabuTebze dayrdnobiT, romlebsac zemoT
gavecaniT, arasworad daaskvnis, rom ereklem `1774 wels safuZvli-
anad aRadgina cixe~. berZniSvili i., gors cixe, gv. 47.
225
vleli iwyeba borcvis Txemis dasavleTiT da Cadis qvemoT
`cxrakaris~ pirvel ganyofilebamde.
goris cixis saintereso aRwera dagvitova i. klaproTma:
`cixe mdebareobs qalaqis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT1 da masze maR-
la liaxvis donidan 16 futze qvaqviSis kldovan mTaze. is
warmoadgens grZel oTxkuTxes, romlis sigrZe 200 nabijia,
xolo sigane 60. kedlebis sisqe erTi futia, xolo simaRle _
sami. amaT paralelurad oci nabijis daSorebiT da ori futiT
dabla miemarTeba dabali kedlebi~2. dabal kedlebs ver vxe-
davT kastelis naxatze. rogorc Cans, isini gvian, erekle II
dros miaSenes.
cixis dabla galavani, 1802 wlis gegmis mixedviT, samxreT
ferdobs Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan dasavleTis mimarTulebiT
miuyveboda, Cavidoda iq, sadac dRes arxi gadis, gauxvevda
CrdiloeTiT da SeuerTdeboda cxrakaris ukidures dasavleT
wvers. es kedeli, dim. baqraZis TqmiT, auSenebiaT diasamiZis
dros3. mas, albaT, mxedvelobaSi hyavda dimitri diasamiZe,
romelic cixisTavi iyo XVIII s. 90-ian wlebSi4, aseTi kedeli
cixes Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan ar hqonda, radgan am mxridan
mas gorakis cicabo kalTa da md. mejuda icavda. mteri Tu
mainc SeZlebda am bunebrivi dabrkolebebis gadalaxvas, maSin
gorakis Txemze agebuli cixis mTavari kedeli gadaeRobeboda
Tavdamsxmels. kedelsa da cicabo ferdobs Soris imdenad
mcire adgili rCeboda, rom mteri fexs advilad ver moikideb-
da.
klaproTis aRweriT, samxreTiT kedlis SuaSi, iq sadac
amJamad cixis galavanSi Sesasvlelia, WiSkari iyo. avT. Tuma-
niSvili wers: `Sig Sesvla sxvanairad ar SeiZleba Tu ara er-
Ti viwro da mixveul-moxveuli kibiT. kibe iwyeba kedlis
gareT, miemarTeba maRla da Tavdeba cixis SesavalTan, sadac
1 klaproTi scodavs, cixe yovelTvis Zveli qalaqis Crdilo-

dasavleTiT iyo.
1808, II, с. 326.

3 «Кавказ», 1855, №49.
4 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 20, #20; gv. 21, #23.
226
kibisa da Sesavlis dasacavad aSenebulia koSkebi~1. am erTda-
erTi kariT ukavSirdeboda cixe qalaqs.
cixis kedlebi, rogorc 1802 w. gegmidan Cans, 23 koSkiTa da
burjiT iyo gamagrebuli da daculi. koSkebiT iyo gamagre-
buli, agreTve, cixis gare kedeli. Aamgvarad, gegmis monacemebi
daaxloebiT emTxveva avT. TumaniSvilis cnobas, rom goris
cixeSi 35 didi koSki iyoo2.
mivyveT kvlav i. klaproTis aRweras: `dasavleTis mokle
kedelSi aris liaxvisaken Casasvleli cixeSi wylis amosata-
nad. raTa daculi iyos es Casasvleli da cixes wyali ar moak-
ldes, gatarebulia Semdegnairi RonisZiebebi: dasaxelebuli
kedlebis gaswvriv aSenebulia SedarebiT ufro dabali ori
kedeli, erTmaneTisagan 20 nabijiT daSorebuli. maT Soris
aSenebulia gadamRobi kedlebi, romlebic 3 futis simaRlisaa.
amis wyalobiT qvemoT da zemoT mimomsvleli adamianebi da-
culni arian. paraleluri kedlebis boloebi mdinare liax-
viTan erTmaneTs uerTdeba oTxi futis simaRlis naxevarrka-
lis formis kedliT. am kedlis ZirSi miedineba liaxvi. aqedan
iReben wyals da asxamen agurisagan aSenebul wylis Sesanax
auzSi, romlis sigane 12 futia, sigrZe _ 16 da simaRle _ 14. is
aSenebulia zegadamRob kedelsa da dasavleTis mokle kedels
Soris~3.
i. klaproTi sworad ar aRwers auzSi wylis dagrovebis
saSualebas, roca ambobs, rom xeliT asxamen masSi liaxvis
wyalso. gegmaze, cixis grZivi Wrilidan ise Cans, rom auzis
done da md. liaxvis done erTmaneTs Seefardeboda, rac auzSi
wylis TviTdinebiT Sesvlas uzrunvelyofda. gegmis monacemebi
da avT. TumaniSvilis cnoba auzTan dakavSirebiT, erTmaneTs
eTanxmeba. klaproTis mixedviT, auzi gamomwvari aguriT iyo
naSenebi, avT. TumaniSvilis gadmocemiT igi kldeSi iyo amokve-
Tili. ùkanasknel batareaSi (ase uwodebs avT. TumaniSvili

2 Тамже, c. 20.
1808, II, p. 324.
227
`cxrakaris~ TiToeul ganyofilebas _ e.m.) aris wyalsacavi,
erT mTlian qvaSi nakveTi, im adgilad da moxerxebulad dacu-
li, sadac kedlis garedan Semodis wyali simagreSi da avsebs
WurWels da kvlav Tavisi gziT midis~1. ase, rom amave avtoris
Tanaxmad, cixis damcvelebs yovelTvis uxvad hqondaT civi da
gemrieli wyali. wyliT amgvari momarageba misi mowamvlis
saSualebas gamoricxavda.
raTa mteri axlos ar mosuliyo cixesTan, koSkebis TiTo-
eul sarTulze datanebuli iyo 30 saTofuri. yovel gadamRob
kedelSi aseve datanebuli iyo or-ori didi naxvreti, saidanac
mters zarbazans uSendnen Tu is wylis piras gamoCndeboda2.
cixis zeda moedanze, dResac aris 5-6 metris siRrmis
Tonis formis xaro. miwis zedapirze amosuli xaros wriuli
kedeli migvaniSnebs, rom mas TaRovani gadaxurva unda hqo-
neboda. TaRSive unda yofiliyo xaroSi Casasvleli kari. kari-
dan xaros Ziramde CaSvebuli iqneboda msubuqi kibe, romlis
zemoT amoweva, saWiroebis mixedviT, advilad SeiZleboda. go-
ris 1802 wlis gegmis Semdgenelis, polkovnik dreniakinis gan-
martebiT, xaro damnaSaveTa Casasmeli ormo iyo. ormos dani-
Snuleba aseve aqvs axnili d. baqraZeს3. al. garsevaniSvilis
gadmocemiT, erekle II-em `gaakeTebina qviTkiris xaroÁ didi,
romelsac Sina hyavdaT daWerilni tusaRebi da sxvani mZime,
saxelmwifo damnaSaveni~4. goris cixes rom damnaSaveTa
sapatimrodac iyenebdnen, amis Sesaxeb cnobilia ramdenime maga-
liTi. magram misi sxva mizniT (mag. marcvleulis Sesanaxad)
gamoyenebac SeiZleboda.

1808, II, p. 324.
3 «Кавказ», 1855, №48.
4 `ciskari~, 1867, #2, gv. 9.
228
goris cixis gegma (Sed-
genili l. sumbaZis mier
1950 w. Setanilia mcireode-
ni cvlilebebi) a-a. cixis
mTavari kedlebi, aRdgeni-
li rostom mefis mier 1633
w., b-b. cixis meore sartye-
lis kedlebi, agebuli erek-
le II-is mier XVIII saukunis
meore naxevarSi, g-g. say-
rdeni kedeli, agebuli XX
s. dasawyisSi, 1. cixis mTa-
vari Sesasvleli, 2 wm. gio-
rgis eklesia gumbaTovani
karibWiT, 3. xaro, iyenebd-
nen upiratesad satusaRod,
4. Toneebis naSTebi, 5. cixi-
dan gasasvleli saidumlo
gvirabi, 6. auzi, romelic
ivseboda liaxvis wyliT, 7.
samlocvelo, 8. miwisqveSa
Wa TaRovani gadaxurviT, 9.
Sadrevnis auzi, agebuli
XX s. dasawyisSi, 10. Camoq-
cevis adgili, sadac gamoC-
nda antikuri periodis ci-
xis kedlis naSTi.
mcire cnobebi gvaqvs cixis gvirabze. vaxuSti batoniSvili

da m. janaSვili erTsa da imave gvirabis Sesaxeb aRniSnaven,
rom is mdebareobda cixis dasavleT nawilSi, qvitkiriT iyo
naSenebi da liaxvamde Cadioda.
cixis dasavleT nawilSi, `cxrakaris~ meore ganyofilebaSi,
dabla, dRemdea SemorCenili sakmaod dazianebuli, mokle gvi-
rabi, romlis naSTi. igi Cadis kldovani borcvis Ziramde,
229
sadac gadmocemis mixedviT iyo Wa da mdinaresTan misvlac
iolad SeiZleboda.
qalaqis teritoria rom gvirabebiT iyo daqselili, mra-
valjer aRmoCnda miwis samuSaoebis dros, magram maTi Ses-
wavlis saSualeba dReisaTvis praqtikulad aRar aris1.
cixe mxolod goris mosaxleobas dacvas ar emsaxureboda.
is TavSesafari iyo goris irgvliv arsebuli soflebisTvisac.
amitom isini, vinc am cixiT sargeblobdnen, valdebulni iyvnen
saWiroebis dros garkveul samuSao SeesrulebinaT, fuli an
sxva ram gamoeRoT am nagebobis aRdgena-gamagrebisa da meci-
xovneTa Sesanaxad. aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom am mosazrebis
pirdapiri damadasturebeli cnoba XVIII s-ze adreuli ar gag-
vaCnia. magram aucileblad iarsebebda garkveuli tradicia da
raime `goris cixis debuleba~.
yuradRebas iqcevs bodornis monastris gujari, romliTac
aragvis erisTavma vamiy SaburisZem 1474 w. am Tavis sagvareulo
eklesias Seswira sofeli xandaki. erisTavi xandakelebs
mimarTavs: àra geTxoebodes ara laSqrobaÁ, ara mali, ulufaÁ,
ara mudami muSaoba, ara sajinibo, ara sabaziero ara sawelis-
wdisTao, ara saaReboÁ, ara sayveliero, arc gorisa da arca
qalaqisa da Jinvalisa muSaoba~2. ra Tqma unda, `goris muSao-
baSi~ igulisxmeba goris qalaqisa da cixis gamagrebis samu-
Sao, masSi monawileoba xandakelebsac evalebodaT. goridan
sakmao manZiliT daSorebuli xandakelebi Tu valdebulni
iyvnen monawileoba mieRoT amgvar samuSaoSi, maSin goris
axlomaxlo soflebis mosaxleoba, romlebsac praqtikulad
yovelTvis SeeZloT Tavdasacavad esargeblaT goris cixiT,
isini miTumetes movaleni iqnebodnen ezrunaT goris gamagre-
baze.
1773 wlis erT oqmSi, sadac laparakia goris galavnis
jixurebis mSeneblobaze, erekle II pirdapir miuTiTebs: òTxi
1 prof. daviT gviritiSvilma, 1969 w., gardacvalebamde cota xnis win

miTxra, rom arsebobda goris gvirabebis gegma. samwuxarod, gansve-
nebuli mklevris naTqvamiT maSin ar davinteresdi. SemdegSi gegmas
versad mivakvlie.
gv. 293.
230
jixuri (xisgan naSenebi sayaraulo koSki _ e. m.), vinc goris
cixeSi soflebi daixizneba, imaT daadgmevineT~1. am mxriv kidev
ufro sainteresoa goris cixis minbaSis (cixisTavi) dimitri
diasamiZis arza: `mere amas movaxseneb (erekles _ e. m.) goris
cixis debuleba salbaSi2 da TiTo orola Rero SeSa aris
uremzed, rom mecixovne cecxls ainTebs da icxovrebs, aRarc
gorelebi maZleven. erTis oqmis wyalobas gevedrebi, rom
salbaSic momcen da gorelebma SeSa, rom cixeSi myofT gaZlon
da icxovron, Tu ara da neba Tqveni umaRlesobisa aris~3.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs S. mesxias mier
leningradis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutes xelnawerTa
ganyofilebaSi mikvleuli erekle II-is droindeli erTi
sabuTi, romelic daTariRebulia 1797 wliT, igi naTel warmo-
dgenas gviqmnis Tu rogor monawileobda goris cixis mSeneb-
lobaSi goris, mimdbare teritoriis da Soreuli saTavadoebis
mosaxleoba. erekle brZanebs: `q. RTiT galavnis Senobis daid-
va da rogorc am siiT dagviweria yvelani amgvarad unda moex-
maron:
q. TiTon erTobiT gorelebma sakiris qva unda moaWrevinon,
moataninon da samyofi sakireebi Cadgan da TviTonve daawve-
vinon.
q. kidev gorelebma unda moaWrevinon samyofi aguri da Tvi-
Tonve daawvevinon.
q. am sakireebisaTvis da aguris dasawvavad rac xe mound-
esT, es erTobiT sacicianom, sajavaxom saTarxnom da sxvaT
gaRmaÃrelTYunda moutanon samyofad, qarelidan mokidebili
Zegvamdin.
q. rac kiris sarevi qviSa da galavnis saSenebli qva mou-
nded, erTobiT vake-qarTlma unda moitanos da muSac Tavis
dros rigiT vake-qarTlidam unda movides da imuSaos kalato-
zebTan, muxranidan mokidebuli WaliT sayaramdin.

2 `dasturlamalis~ mixedviT, `salbaSs eZaxian, rac tivi mova, erTs
ukeTes xes sabatonod aiReben~.
3 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 20-21, #22.
231
q. RTiT moxda rom momzaddes da kalatozebi Senobas
mohyvnen, imaTi sasmel-saWmeli gorelebma unda aZlion da Ãel-
fasi, rac gorSi ijara muSaobs, yveladam SexvedriT unda
misceT~1.
radgan cixe xalxis dasaxizni mniSvnelovani adgili iyo,
amitom iq sacxovrebeli binebic unda yofiliyo. avT.
TumaniSvilis gadmocemiT, zeda cixeSi 410 saxli iyo2, rac
gazviadebulad unda CaiTvalos. sacxovrebelTa is raodenoba,
romelzec avT. TumaniSvili miuTiTebs, ver moTavsdeboda zeda
cixeze, sadac sxva nagebobebic (saWurvelisa da sursaTis
sawyobebi, eklesia) iyo. cixeSi sacxovreblebis arsebobaze
ramdenime cnoba gagvaCnia, romelTac Sesabamis adgils
moviyvan. axla mxolod gavixseneb dim. baqraZis sityvebs: `cixis
SigniT moedani... mofenilia nangrevebiT Zveli sacxovreble-
bisa, romlebic ganlagebulni iyvnen kedlebis gayolebiT da
romelTa kvali dResac uaRresad naTlad SeimCneva~3. misive
TqmiT, iq ZlivZlivobis Tu moTavsdeboda 150 ojaxi4, isic
daujerebelia, rom cixeSi 50 000 aTasi mebrZoli Tavsdeboda5.
goris cixe mxolod Tavisi mdebareobiTa da kedlebiT ar
iyo Zlieri. igi gamoirCeoda Tavisi aRWurvilobiTac, gansakuT-
rebiT ki, artileriiT. Cvenamde moRweuli ramdenime cnoba
gvarwmunebs, rom samefo xelisufleba didad zrunavda goris
cixis cecxlmsroleli iaraRiT aRWurvaze. mis artilerias
xSirad iyenebdnen sxvadasxva samxedro operaciebSi.
Ggoris cixis artileriaze pirveli cnoba XVII s. 30-iani
wlebidan gvaqvs. f. gorgijaniZe ambobs: rostomma `goris cixi-
dam zarbaznebi Camoitana da zovreTis cixes Semoadga. zar-
baznebiT dauSina~6. agreTve, cnobilia, rom 1748 w. roca ere-
kle II TbilisSi gamagrebul yizilbaSebs ebrZoda `goridam
1 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 318.

3 «Кавказ», 1855, №48.
4 «Кавказ», 1855, №49.
232
didi zarbazani daibara~, romelic 6 t. iwonida1. igi iwode-
boda `didi, boWormisad~2.
m. broses gorSi cixis karTan unaxavs naxevrad miwaSi Caf-
luli didi zomis zarbazani, romelsac hqonebia Semdegi war-
wera: `q. saxeliTa mamisaTa da ZisaTa sulisaTa wmindisaTa,
amin: ufalo mihfine risxva Seni TeslTa zeda romelTaca ar
gician Sen, daecemodin maT zed nakvercxalni cecxlisani, da
ver dauTmon: mefe irakli, vanbob. CRo, martis pirvelsa, qksa
unÀ. 1770~3.
sayuradReboa, agreTve, erekle II-is 1773 w. 15 ivnisis oqmi,
saidanac Cans, rom goris cixe Sida qarTlSi mTavari cixisa
da arsenalis funqcias asrulebda. mefe revaz amilaxvars da
qalaqis mourav daviTs ubrZanebs: `q. suramis mouravma rom
cixeSi dasayenebeli kacni gTxovaT, RvTis gulisaTvis, rogori
saqmea? ratom ar gaugzavneT? TxuTmeti-oci kaci rom
gagegzavnaT, ra iqneboda, rogori qveynis movla aris? axlav
ormocdaaTi iyos, samoci kaci miaSveleT surams. goridam
tyvia-wamali gadmoitaneT, TviTo litra wamali TviTom, Careqi
iyos _ meti Tu naklebi _ tyvia aikidon da erT Rames Sevidnen
surams. aragvis mouravic mand aris, zogi kaci magani, zogi
Tqven gamoarCiveT kargi kaci da axlav gaistumreT~4.
samxedro saWurvelis Sesanaxi sawyobebi ganlagebuli iyo
cixis aRmosavleT nawilSi wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis
maxloblad5.
saWiroebisda mixedviT goris cixes satusaRoTac iye-
nebdnen. aseTi cnobebi mxolod XVII s. 30-iani wlebidan gvaqvs,
e.i. im droidan roca rostom mefem cixe xelaxla aaSena.
savaraudoa, rom cixesimagre am funqcias adrec asrulebda.
1635 w. rostoms goris cixeSi hyavda Camwyvdeuli ajanyebuli
iase erisTavis da ioTam amilaxvris colSvili6. rostomis
1 papuna orbeliani, ambavნi qarTlisani, gv. 142.

2 Teimuraz bagrationi, axali istoria, gv. 47.
III, gv. 317, 322.
4 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 11-12, #5.
233
brZanebiT gorSi sikvdiliT dasajes mariam dedoflis
saxlTuxucesi qaixosro baraTaSvili, misi Svilebi ki cixeSi
hyavdaT tusaRad1. imave rostom mefis brZanebiT goris cixeSi
daabramves SeTqmulebaSi mxilebuli giorgi goCasSvili da
zurab saakaZe2.
vaxtang V Sahnavazs goris cixeSi hyavda datyvevebuli
imereTis dedoflis darejanis (Teimuraz I-is asuli) qmari,
dabramavebuli vaxtang WuWunaSvili. igi Sahnavazma imereTidan
wamoiyvana 1661 w., roca iq Tavisi vaJi arCili gaamefa. tyve
goris episkoposis meTvalyureobis qveS imyofeboda, magram
darejanma moaxerxa misi motaceba da axalcixeSi gadaiyvana3.
1 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 248; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv.

422.
2 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, 250; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 422-
423.
3 vrclad ix. Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis
sxva qveynebSi, gv. 337-345.
234
gorijvari
gorTan da mis istoriasTan organuladaa dakavSirebuli

gorijvari, romelic imave saxelwodebis gorakis wverze,
goris samxreTiT, md. mtkvris marjvena napirze mdebareobs da
gorsgadascqeris cnobili araa rodis an vin aaSena igi.
gorijvari 1920 wlis miwisZvramde
Tqmuleba ki Tamar mefes miaweres, magram varaudoben, rom igi

ufro xandazmuli unda iyos. arsebobs mosazreba, romlis
mixedviT, gorijvris wm. giorgis eklesia aigo, iq, sadac
uxsovar dros warmarTuli kerpi iyo aRmarTuli1.
wm. giorgis eklesia patara nageboba iyo (daaxloebiT 5X4 m).
mas viwro da dabali karibWe hqonda, gadaxuruli sanaxevrod
mrgvali TaRiT, romelzec gamoyvanili iyo aseve TaRovani
saxuravi. igi dasavleTis mxridan Semkuli iyo patara ekle-
siiT, samxreTidan da aRmosavleTidan ki cxvris Tavebis gamo-
saxulebiT. Crdilo-aRmosavleTis kedeli mTavrdeboda mrgva-
li kedliT _ koSkiT2. rogorc varaudoben igi VIII-IX sauku-
neebs ganekuTvneboda da tetrakonqis (oTxabsidiani) tipis
1 `mwyemsi~, 1885, #1, gv. 6.

Путевые заметки графини Уваровой, ч. III, М., 1904, с. 78-79.
235
nageboba iyo, rac dadasturda 1988 wels arqeologiuri Seswa-
vlis Sedegad1.
farTobis simciris miuxedavad, Zveli eklesiis gverdiT
aRmarTuli iyo axali farTo da naTeli eklesia yovladwmin-
dis RvTismSoblis saxelobisa2, romelsac Tavisi samreklo
hqonda3.
qvitkiris galavnis SigniT, orive eklesia garSemortymuli
iyo saxlebiT, romlebSic mlocvelebi Rames aTevdnen4.
eklesiis msaxurT da mravalricxovan mlocvelebs kargad
mowyobili wylis sistema sWirdebodaT. rogor gadawyvites es
problema adreul saukuneebSi, ar aris cnobili. vaxuSti
batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, vaxtang VI-is meuRlem dedofalma
rusudanma bureTis mTidan wyaros wyali moiyvana wm. giorgis
eklesiasTan5.
es mniSvnelovani RonisZieba dedofalma rusudanma ukvdav-
yo qvaze warweriT, romelic XIX s. dasasruls gorijvris wm.
giorgis eklesiasTan uyuradRebod ido6. SemdegSi es qva,
ucnobi mizeziT, bureTis mTaze gadautaniaT, saidanac, sabo-
lood, goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi moxvda7.
warweris teqsti amoikiTxa da gamoaqveyna i. megreliZem. `q.
...evs vaxtangis meuRleman, Cerqez batonis asulman dedofalman
rusudan movitaneT wyaro ese wmidis giorgis winaSe patronisa
Cvenisa gamosaxsnelad, codvaTa CvenTa Sesandoblad da ZeTa
baqarisa da giorgi aRsazrdelad koronikons u. wmidao giorgi
Semiwyale...~8.
1 koSoriZe T., qarTul xalxur dReobaTa kalendari Sida qarTlSi //
sadisertacio naSromi eTnologiis doqtoris xarisxis
mosapoveblad, 2015, gv. 89.
2 `cnobis furceli~, 1899, #843, gv. 2.
Путевые заметки прафини Уваровой, ч. III, с.79.
6 `mwyemsi~, 1885, #1.
7 sainventaro #1964. misi zomebia 67X45X12.
8 megreliZe i., didi liaxvis siZveleni da maTi warwerebi //
staliniris saxelmwifo pedinstitutis Sromebi, III, Tb., _
staliniri, 1957, gv. 234; Sdr. `mwyemsi~, 1885, #1.
236
marTalia, qoronikoni 400=1712 wels, magram drois dazus-
teba SeiZleba, radgan rusudani wm. giorgis SesTxovs iranidan
vaxtangis keTilad dabrunebas. vaxtangi irans gaemgzavra 1712
w. 28 Tebervals. maSasadame deofals warwera mefis iranSi
gamgzavrebis axlo periodSi, imave wels gaukeTebinebia. warwe-
ris Seqnis kidev ufro dazusteba masSi moxseნiebuli erTi
saintereso faqtiT SeiZleba. rusudan dedofali wm. giorgis
Seavedrebs da ixseniebs Tavis vaJebs _ baqarsa da giorgis.
baqari ufrosi iyo. giorgi gorSi daibada 1712 wlis 2
agvistos1, maSasadame wyalsadeni gaumarTavT 1712 wlis meore
naxevarSi, 2 agvistos Semdgom, savaraudoa Semodgomaze, noembe-
rSi gorijvrobamde.
1848 w. m. broses gorijvarSi unaxavs meore warwera: `q.
mefobasa iraklisa meorisa, Cven qarTlis spasalarman sardali
amilaxvarma batonma oTar, meoreT, JamTa viTarebisagan wamÃda-
ri iyo wyali saTavidam ganvaaxle, miliT gamoviyvane wyali,
xarjiTa CemiTa. dido mowameo giorgi, miiRe mcire samuSako,
da meox meyav me. mais, qksa. ua~2.
zemomoyvanili warweris TariRi (1713 w.) mcdaria. erekle II
da oTar amilaxvari XVIII s. meore naxevris moRvaweni iyvnen da
isic saeWvoa 1712 w. gayvanili wyalsadeni 1713 w. ukve kapi-
talurad SesakeTebeli gamxdariyo3. ufro savaraudoa oTar
amilaxvars aRniSnuli wyalsadeni gaekeTebina goris mouravad
yofnis dros (1787-1801 ww.), magram, radgan warweraSi naTqvamia
mSenebloba erekle II-is dros Catardao, da viciT, rom oTaris
goris mouravoba erekles mefobis bolo periods, 1787-1798
wlebs daemTxva, amitom ufro swori iqneba wyalsadenis aRd-
genac am periodSi vivaraudoT.

III, gv. 605; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 492; saqarTvelos istoriis
qronikebi, gv. 48.
2 Brosset, Rapports sur un vouage archeologique dans la Georgie et dans I’Armenie,
execute en 1847-1848, St.-Pb. 1850 p. 27-28.
3 vrclad ix. Brosset, Rapports sur un vouage archeologique dans la Georgie et dans
I’Armenie, p. 28; megreliZe i., didi liaxvis siZveleni da maTi

warwerebi, gv. 235-240.
237
arsebobs erTi cnobac: oTar amilaxvarma 1793 w. maisSi,
roca gorijvarSi wyali daSra, Rvarebidan miliT wyaros wya-
li gamoiyvana1. vidre damatebiTi masala aRmoCndeba, Znelia
vTqvaT, qvaze warwera oTar amilaxvris mier wyalsadenis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb da 1793 w., Rvarebidan wylis gadmoyvana
imave oTaris mier, erTi da igive saqmianobis aRmniSvneli
cnobebia Tu sxvadasxva RonisZiebas asaxavs2.
XIX s. dasasruls gorijvris cixis galavans jer kidev
hqonda rkinisa da foladis naWrebiT moWedili karebi. Zveli
eklesiis SigniT kedlebze mxatvrobis kvalic Canda, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom ramdenjerme kiriT iyo gadalesili. kankeli
qivTkiriT naSenebi da gajiT Selesili, xolo misi karebis
zeviT mxedruli warwerac gadaSlili iyo3.
kankelis win dasmuli iyo vercxlis firfitebiT SeWedili
Zvirfasi jvari, romelic kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-m (1574-
1605) Seswira. jvris simaRle 1,88 metri, sigane _ 0,84 metri.
kaxel ostats firfitaze reliefuri WedviT gadouxatavs wm.
giorgis cxovrebisa da wamebis scenebi da TiToeuli scenis
asaxsnelad asomTavruli warwera4. jvris didi avtoritetis
gamo ara mxolod wm. giorgis eklesias ewoda goris jvari
(gorijvari), aramed im adgilsac sadac eklesia idga da mis
mimdebare teritoriasac. iqve, maxloblad ori sofelia _ didi
da patara gorijvari.

2
gorijvris wm. giorgis eklesiisa da cixis samxreTiT sapirispiro
ferdobze SemorCenilia nawilobriv dangreuli, naxevarwriseburi
nageboba, romlis marcxena eklesiisaken mimarTul gverdiT qvaze
Cans warweris nakvalevi, i. megreliZes amoukiTxavs wyaros
ganaxlebis weli (1870), imave wyaros saTavidan liTonis miliT wa-
moyvanili wyliT XIX saukuneSi restavratorebi da mnaxvelebi
sargeblobdnen.
3 `mwyemsi~, 1885, #1.
4 TayaiSvili e., gorijvris kankelis win dasadgmeli jvari // Tsu
Sromebi, 34, 1948, gv. 383. ix. agreTve gorijvris jvrisadmi miZRvni-
li specialuri naSromi _ abramiSvili v., gorijvari, gori, 1994,
gv. 54-55; misive, gorijvris jvari, 2001, gv. 7-22; misive, gorijvari,
gori, 2009, gv. 43-49.
238
gorisjvris sakurTxevlis
win aRsamarTavi jvari
239
240
kompoziciebs hkravs jvris
SuaSi moTavsebuli jvarcma.
kompoziciebi da maTi gan-

msazRvreli qarTuli aso-
mTavruli warwerebi:
zeda mklavi:
1. w(midi)s g(ior)g(i)s ur-

m(i)s TvliT d(a)Wra d(a)
angel(o)z(i)s(a)g(a)n
aRdg(i)n(e)ba
2. w(midi)s g(ior)g(i)s ur-
m(i)s Tv(a)lzed d(a)k-rva.
3. w(midi)s giorgis-g(a)n
k(e)r(p)T Semosrva.
241
horizontalur mklavze marcxnidan marjvniv:
1. w(midi)s gi(or)g(i)s d(a)xrva.
2. w(midi)s gi(or)g(i)s SoltiT cema.
3. w(midi)s g(ior)g(i)s k(i)rSid C(a)sma.
momdevno kombinaciebi Tanmxlebi warwerebis gare-

Sea mocemuli:
4. wmida giorgis mier qurumis aRdgineba;
5. wm. giorgis lodis dadeba;
6. mefe diokletianesgan wm.giorgis gankiTxva;
242
qveda vertikalur mklavze:
1. saydarze mjdomi wm.giorgi;
2. macxovris mier wm. giorgis ko-
ronacia;
3. wm.giorgis mier Rlikeris xar-
is aRdgineba. wmidanis Tavis orive
mxares warweraa mocemuli: w(mida)ჲ
g(iorg)i.
4. wm. giorgis Tavis kveTa Tanmx-
lebi warwეriT: w(midi)s gi(or)-
g(is) wameba.
5. wm. giorgis mier gveleSapisgan
dedoflis gaTavisufleba.
243
qveda fexis bolos mocemulia qarTuli asomTavruliT
Sesrulebuli 16 striqoniani saqtitoro warwera:
1. q: mow(a)meTa S(o)ris
d(ა)ov(სებე)lo v(a)rsk(v)l-
(av)o
2. kerpT S(e)mosvrelo
da m(o)w(a)m(e)o dido
3. lmobao t(a)nisa d(a)
Zv(a)lTa CemTa brZ-vilni
4. g(a)nmikurne me mefesa
aleqsandres
5. romelTa v(i)nebo x(a)
tTaTqv(e)nTa moWeda.
6. q. C(ve)n R(mr)Tiv gvir-
gvinos(a)nm(a)n m(e) f(e)T
m(e)f(e)m(a)n p(a)t-ro
7. nm(a)n aleqsandre vi-
gol(ismodgine)T
TaASewevniTa
8. S(e)n Zlier(i)sa d(a)
axovnisa d(a) R(va)wl mr(a)
9. vlisa w(midi)sa didisa mow(a)misa gi(orgi)saTa d(a)
10. movaWedineT x(a)ti msg(a)vsebisa Tq(ve)nisa
11. T(a)yv(a)nisa saceml(a)d S(e)nda d(a) s(a)dideb
12. el(a)d d(a) d(a)gisv(e)n(e)T gorijv(a)rs t(a)Z(a)rsa
S(in)a
13. S(e)nsa r(a)Ta g(a)nmikurno Cem Sorisisa a
14. misჴorcelisa salmobisa d(a) mio
15. xo mosla(a)sa m(a)s missa didebiT romeli
16. sTvis w(a)ma axov(a)nebaman Senman.
244
jvrisagan mocilebulia 23×13×5 sm zomis fexi xis,
vercxliT SeWedili, romlis wina pirze ganawilebulia
12 striqoniani mxedruli warwera:
1. eha meufisa mis maRlisa mxneo mxedaro Zli

2. ero da uძlevelo saswaulTa simravleTa viTar
3. ca zღvisa qviSiTa auracxelo Rvawl mravalo
4. qveyanasa zeda gamoCinebulo viTar vdidan
5. u viTar შevamko dido mowameTa mთavar
6. o giorgi Seiwire mcire esera mosarTavi
7. ferxTa qveSe TqvenTa da movaWedineT
8. fexi da sadgmeli Tqveni iqiT da aqaT
9. Cven givიs amilaxvris Zem giorgim
1. rT da viთar safarveliT SeniTa
11. ReT cxovrebisa CemisaTa amin
12. qks tჟe (1707w) sektenbers.
jvris qveda nawilSi gakeTebuli warwera gvamcnobs kaxe-

Tis mefis (mas colad hyavda barZim amilaxvაris asuli) mowi-
webas da pativiscemas Sida qarTlis mosaxleobis am saTayva-
nebeli eklesiisadmi: `wq. mowameTa Soris dauvsebelo vars-
kvlavo, kerpT Semmusvrelo da mowameo dido, lmoba tanisa da
ZvalTa CemTa brZvilni ganmikurne, me, mefesa aleqsandres,
romelTa vinebT xatTa TqvenTa moWeda.
wq. Cuen RmrTav gvirgvinosanman mefeT mefeman patronman
aleqsandre viguleT Tana SewevniTa Sen Zlierisa da axovanisa
da Rvawl mravlisa, wmidisa didisa mowamisa giorgisaTa, da
movaWedineT xati msgavsebisa Tquenisa Tayvanis sacemlad Senda
da sadideblad da dagasveneT gorisa jvars, taZarsa Sina
Sensa, raTa ganmikurnoT Sorisasa, amis Ãorcielisa salmobisa
da mioxos moslvasa mas didebiT, romlisTvis wama axovanebaman
Senman~1.
1 TayaiSvili e., gorijvris kankelis win dasadgmeli jvari gv. 384-385.
245
Zvel eklesiaSi, did xnis ganmavlobaSi daculi iyo Tavis
qala, romelsac wm. giorgisad miiCnevdnen. vaxuSti batoni-
Svili aRniSnavda: `Tavi wmidisa giorgisa mdebareobs juarsa
Sina~1. igi amilaxvarTa ojaxma, XIX saukuneSi, goris maxlo-
blad orTaSenSi, Tavis eklesiaSi gadaitana, imis mizeziT, rom
odesRac erT-erTma qarTvelma mefem maT aCuqa amilaxvarTa
winapris mier mefis gadarCenis gamo. zemoxsenebul jvarsac
amilaxvrebi daepatronen. isic orTaSenSi gadaasvenes2. ukanask-
nelma gorelma amilaxvarma giorgim 1920 w. jvari saqarTvelos
saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebas miyida3. igi amJamad
daculia saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi.
werilobiTi wyaroebiT ar dasturdeba is mosazreba, rom
gorijvari qarTl-kaxeTis damoukidebeli samefos arsebobis
periodSi amilaxvrebs ekuTvnodaT4. 1766 wlis 10 Tebervlis
ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: `gorijvris cixe batonisa aris da sayd-
ris mervedic~5. maSasadame mefes ekuTvnoda gorijvris cixe
da eklesiis garkveuli nawilic. mefes ekuTvnoda gorijvris
ymebi6. eklesia da misi msaxurni, rogorc vaxtang VI-is 1712
wlis gujaridan Cans, urbneli episkoposis iurisdiqciaSi Se-
dioda7.
gorijvris wm. giorgis eklesia mraval morwmunes izidavda.
mlocvelebi qarTlis yvela kuTxidan ganuwyvetliv modiodnen.
xalxs sjeroda wm. giorgis saswaulebrivi Zalisa. Zvelad
mTeli eklesia Semkuli iyo Sewiruli sxvadasxva nivTebiT:
patara zarebi, mavTulebi, Zafebi, fTilebi da sxv.
1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 344

Путевые заметки прафини Уваровой, ч. III, с. 79.
4 TayaiSvili e., gorijvris kankelis win dasadgmeli jvari, gv. 383;
5 Sdr. megreliZe i., didi liaxvis siZveleni da maTi warwerebi, gv.
235.
7 iqve, gv. 523.
246
gorijvari dRes
xalxs swamda wm. giorgis gansakuTrebuli Zalisa da

yovelgvari sneulebisagan gankurnebis unarisa. eklesiis Sig-
niT, samxreTiT ido didi brtyeli qva, romlis sami kuTxe
Camagrebuli iyo eklesiis kedelSi da kankelSi, meoTxe kuTxe
boZs eyrdnoboda. mlocvelebi qvis qveS Zvrebodnen im rwmeniT,
rom welis tkivili aRarasodes SeawuxebdaT. qvis qveS
ymawvilebsac gaaZvrendnen, raTa yvavili da wiTela ar
SeyrodaT1.
gorijvris giorgobaze 5-6 maiss Tavs iyrida didZali
xalxi da maTi umravlesoba Rames iqve aTevda. mlocvelebi
sxvadasxva wess asrulebdnen: eklesias muxlmoyriT uvlidnen,
kiserze mZime jaWvdadebulni, xoxviTY uvlidnen eklesias da
sxv. morwmuneni Tan moyvanil mamlebs gaafrendnen, yoCebs da

III, gv. 45.
247
mozvrebs iqve klavdnen, didi puroba da cekva-TamaSi imar-
Teboda1.
gorijvris wm. giorgis gansakuTrebul gavlenaze gorSi
metyvelebs isic, rom am eklesias sxva eklesiebTan SedarebiT
yvelaze meti yma hyavda _ 22 komli.
wm. giorgis eklesia da misi cixe-galavani 1920 w. miwisZvram
gaanadgura. amJamad restavrirebulia.
gorijvris dasavleTiT aris patara dangreuli samloc-
velo, naxevargumbaTovani gadaxurviT. gumbaTis dRemde Semo-
rCenili nawilidan Cans, rom igi daxuruli iyo erTmaneTze
miwyobili gverdebamokecili kramitiT, romelTa Soris darCe-
nil xanebs faravda Rariseburi kramiti. samlocvelo kldiTa
da riyis qviT aris naSenebi. CrdiloeTis kedlis gare kuTxeSi,
miwidan erT metrze Cadgmulia kvadratuli formis klde
somxuri warweriT, romelic Targmna da daaTariRa leon me-
liqseTbegma: `welsa 940(=1491 w.) me jalabma, aRvaSene eklesia
ese saxseneblad sulisa Cemisa da mSobleTa da ZmaTa CemTa~2.
aRmosavleT kedelze (garedan) kldeSi amokveTilia mcenaris
(SeiZleba vazis) ornamenti.
samlocvelos kari dasavleT kedelSi iyo. aRmosavleT
kedelSi aris viwro sarkmeli. sarkmeli unda yofiliyo Crdi-
lo kedelSic. SigniT, samxreTis kedelze Cans oTxkuTxa,
dabali niSi. ori niSi Cans aRmosavleTi kedlis momrgvalebul
kuTxeebSi. niSebi unda yofiliyo Crdilo kedelSic.
stiqias gadaurCa gorijvris samxreT-aRmosavleT ferdobze
_ gorisaze, patara eklesia RvTismSoblis saxelobisa,
romelic Zalian Zveli ar unda iyos (ver mivakvlie verc erT
cnobas XIX saukuneze adrindels). isic naxevargumbaTovania,
samxreTidan aqvs dabali kari, xolo aRmosavleTidan da
dasavleTidan dabali, viwro sarkmelebi. eklesiasTan aris
wyaro. adre Wac yofila, romlis arseboba dResac axsovT.
varaudoben, rom odesRac, yovel SemTxvevaSi XIX saukunemde,
aq sofelic unda yofiliyo3.
1 `mwyemsi~, 1885, #1.

2 makalaTia s., liaxvis xeoba, gv. 108.
3 `mwyemsi~, 1885, #1.
248
mosaxleoba, socialuri struqtura,
klasobrivi brZola
1. mosaxleoba
werilobiTi cnobebi ara gagvaCnia, magram eWvs gareSea,

rom goris teritoria dasaxlebuli iyo antikuri periodidan.
saqarTvelos feodaluri monarqiis Seqmnis periodidan (XI-XIII
ss.), sxva qalaqebis msgavsad, goris mosaxleobac mraval-
ricxovani iyo. feodaluri xanis goris mosaxleobis Sesaxeb
cnobebi fragmentlia, radgan saqarTvelos qalaqebis adrin-
del aRweraTa davTrebs sruli saxiT ar mouRwevia.
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis aRwerilobaTa erT-erTi uZve-
lesi davTari gors ganekuTvneba, romelic iv. javaxiSvilma
XVIII s. dasawyisiT daaTariRa1.
Semdgomi drois saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebis davTrebTan
SedarebiT, goris mosaxleobis aRweris davTari primitiulia.
masSi aRniSnuli ar aris sakomloebis Tavebi, adamianebis saxe-
lebi da maTi raodenoba. amitom SeuZlebelia maSindeli goris
mosaxleobis raodenobisa da socialuri Semadgenlobis, misi
eTnikuri da religiuri kuTvnilebis zustad dadgena. saerTod,
gvianfeodaluri xanis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis aRwerilo-
baTa davTrebis da, maTYSoris, goris davTris erTi seriozu-
li nakli unda gaviTvaliswinoT. davTarSi ar SehyavdaT mosa-
xleobis is nawili, romelic begara-gadasaxadebs ar ixdida da
laSqarSi ar monawileobda. qvemo qarTlis mewinave sadroSos
mosaxleobis 1721 wlis aRweris davTris SesavalSi mdivan-
mwignobari givi TumaniSvili pirdapir ambobs: àRvwereT ama
davTarTa Sina romelTa Zaledva abjarTa da cxenTa xmarebani,
gina samefoTa xarjTa da begaraTa gamoRebani, xolo romelTa
ara Zaledvis yovelsa rasmesa qmna da gamoReba, ganuteviT da
ara aRvweriT wignsa amasa Sina~2. im komls, romelic qvrivi qa-
lisa da mcirewlovani bavSvebisagan Sedgeboda, sruliad ga-
motovebdnen xolme. davTarSi ar SehyavdaT mosaxleobis is
1 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoria, I, tf., 1930, gv. 37.

2 masalebi saqarTvelos statistikuri aRwerilobisa meTvramete sa-
ukuneSi, gamocemuli eq. TayaiSvlis redaqtorobiT. tf., 1907, gv. 3.
249
privilegirebuli nawili, romelic gadasaxadiT ar ibegreb-
oda1. magram aRweris davTrebi mainc SesaZlebels xdis mi-
axloebiT dadgindes misi Sedgenis drois demografiuli si-
tuacia, mosaxleobis socialuri da qonebrivi mdgomareoba.
goris mosaxleobis aRweris xangrZlivi tradicia arsebo-
bda. qarTul demografiul davTarTa Soris, gadarCenilTa da
Cvenamde moRweulTa Soris `q. goris mcxovrebTa aRweris dav-
Tari unda miviCnioT~ _ SeniSnavda i. javaxiSvili Tavis `saqar-
Tvelos ekonomikuri istoriis~ I tomSi, mas aTariRebda XVIII
s. pirveli aTeulebiT da fiqrobda, rom is unda yofiliyo 1721
wlis aRweris uwinaresi2.
davTris mixedviT, XVIII s. dasawyisSi gorSi daaxloebiT
380 komli cxovrobda. sulTa raodenobas tradiciuli meTo-
diT Tu viangariSebT da TiToeul komlSi 5 suls mainc vigu-
lismebT, maSin aRniSnul periodSi gorSi daaxloebiT 1 900
suli iyo. am miaxloebiT raodenobas unda daematos sasuli-
ero pirTa da RaribTa ojaxebi, romlebic davTarSi gaTvalis-
winebulni ar arian. gasaTvaliswinebelia feodaluri xanisa-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli erTi mniSvnelovani momentic: mebatoneni
yovel Rones mimarTavdenen TavianTi ymebis Semcirebuli
raodenobiT dafiqsirebisaTvis, raTa Tavidan aecilebinaT
saxelmwifos winaSe TavianTi movaleobebis srulad moxda. da
mainc SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom aRweris droisaTvis gori aRmo-
savleT saqarTvelos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani qalaqi iyo mosa-
xleobis raodenobiTac.
gorSi demografiuli da mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomi-
kuri viTarebis Sesaswavlad gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
`1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris~ cnobebs.
davTris mixedviT gorSi 262 komli iyo3. Tu es simarTles
Seefereba, maSin siaSi Seyvanili 449 isfenji mamakaci aRniS-
nuli komlebis Sromisunariani mamakacebi arian. vfiqrob, eseni
1 jaoSvili v., saqarTvelos mosaxleoba XVIII-XX saukuneebSi, Tb.,

1984, gv. 22.
2 javaxiSvili iv., Txzulebani Tormet tomad, Tb., 1996, gv. 57.
3 gorgaZe n., osmaluri gadasaxadebi da valdebulebani qsnisa da
aragvis xeobaSi `Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris~ (1728 w.)
mixedviT // qarTuli diplomatia, weliwdeuli, #12, Tb., 2005, 262.
250
pasuxismgebelni iyvnen komlis mier gadasaxadebis mowesrige-
bulad da droulad gadaxdisaTvis. sia Sedgenilia zemoT
aRniSnuli eqvsi dasaxlebis mixedviT: `givis~ dasaxleba _ 82
mamakaci, `rosTomis~ dasaxleba _ 50 mamakaci, vardis ubani _
60 mamakaci, kirnaqis (kvernaqis) _ 36 mamakaci, yovladwmindas
dasaxleba _ 54 mamakaci, farsadanis dasaxleba _ 167 mamakaci.
am ukanasknelSi aRricxuli mamakacebis raodenobidan Cans, rom
igi goris yvelaze didi da mWidro dasaxleba unda yofiliyo.
goris rabaTis yvela dasaxlebidan davTarSi Seyvanili
isfenji mamakacebis saerTo raodenoba iyo 4491.
davTarSi dasaxelebuli mamakacebi ZiriTadad arian is
adamianebi, vinc goris rabaTSi soflis meurneobas misdevdnen
da flobdnen miwis nakveTebis garkveul farTobs. aqedan baRis
mflobeli iyo _ 43, venaxis _ 7, bostnis _ 7, velis ki _ 32.
rogorc iTqva, 1721 wlis aRweris dros gorSi 380 komli,
daaxloebiT 1900 suli cxovrobda. gansxvaveba 1728 wlis osma-
lebis mier aRweris masalebis monacemebTan sakmaod seriozu-
lia. osmalebisgan dapyrobil gorSi mosaxleoba mniSvnelov-
nad Semcirebulia, daaxloebiT, 120 komliT. SeiZleba vivarau-
doT, rom mosaxleobis erTma nawilma datova gori da maxlo-
bel soflebSi an SeiZleba imereTSi gadavida, sadac osmalebi
mosaxleobas seriozul problemebs ver uqmnidnen. imis
daSvebac SeiZleba, rom osmalo moxeleebi Segnebulad amcire-
bdnen oficialur aRweris siebSi gadasaxadebis gadamxdelTa
raodenobas. aseTi praqtika osmaleTSic2 da saqarTveloSic,
kerZod qarTlSic arsebobda. ramdenadac cnobilia qalaqis
mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils sxvadasxva mebatoneTa ymebi
Seadgendnen. bunebrivia, mebatoneebi cdilobdnen maTi ymebi ar
moxvedriliyvnen nusxebSi, raTa saxelmwifo xazinaSi ar
wasuliyo maTi Semosavlis nawili. am mxriv erTi saintereso,
1715 wlis sabuTi gamoqveynebuli Jurnal `moambeSi~, mohyavs v.
jaoSvils. ruisis episkoposs nikoloz mrovels auweria
1 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, 439-444.

2 Turqi moxeleebi sulTans umalavdnen samegrelos mTavris levan II
dadianis mier foTis cixis dangrevas da jamagirs uwindeburad
iRebdnen, TiTqos cixe arsebobda. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos
sagareo politika da diplomatia, II, gv. 587.
251
Tavisi samwymsos saeklesio ymebi da aRweris masalisaTvis
daurTavs gafrTxileba garkveuli pirebisaTvis, rom maT aR-
weris davTari mefis moxeleTaTvis ar eCvenebinaT, raTa ymaTa
realuri raodenoba, maTi qonebrivi SesaZleboba cnobili ar
gamxdariyo da eklesiis Semosavali ar Semcirebuliyo. niko-
loz mroveli mimarTavs ruisis taZarSi myof mRvdel-mona-
zonebs: àmasac vixvewebi, am samwysos davTars mefis mosaqmes
nuravis aCvenebT kodis pursa da saurze qveyanas garjian da me
ar mijobs. me dramisaTvis aRvwere. saydars mosavlis angariSi
ar daekargos. R~Tis siyvarulisaTvis am samwysos matianes
nuras mefis mosaqmes nu aCvenebT, Tu qriste gwamsT~1. ase, rom
aRweris dokumentebs didi sifrTxiliT unda midgoma, miTu-
metes Tu Sesadarebeli sxva masala ar mogvepoveba.
goris rabaTSi cxovrobda 381 gadasaxadis gadamxdeli
mamakaci. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom TiToeuli maTgani TiTo
ojaxs warmoadgenda. Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, maSin SeiZ-
leba miaxloebiT mainc vivaraudoT saintereso periodis
goris mosaxleobis raodenoba _ daaxloebiT 2 aTasi suli da
ufro metic. amis Tqmis safuZvels iZleva is meTodi, romlis
mixedviTac xdeboda mosaxleobis aRwera feodalur saqarTve-
loSi.
1721 wlis aRweris davTris SesavalSi mdivan mwignobari
givi TumaniSvili ambobs, rom aRweris davTarSi Seiyvanes mxo-
lod is komlebi, romlebsac SeeZloT samxedro samsaxuris
Sesruleba (`romelTa Zaledva abjarTa da cxenTa xmarebani~)
da SeeZloT begara-gadasaxadebis gadaxda (`samefoTa xarjTa
da begaraTa gamoRebani~), xolo uqonebelni da umweoni siidan
gamotoves2. davTarSi ar SehyavdaT is komlebic, romlebic
qvrivi qalisa da bavSvebisagan Sedgeboda, ar SehyavdaT mosax-
leobis is privilegirebuli nawili, romelic gadasaxadiT ar
ibegreboda3. osmalebma ki gadamxdelTa siebSi Seiyvanes
1 TayaiSvili e., arxeologiuri mogzaurobani da SeniSvnebi, wigni pi-

rveli, tf., 1907, gv. 7.
2 masalebi saqarTvelos statistikuri aRwerilobisa meTvramete sa-
ukuneSi, gamocemuli eq. TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT, Tf., 1907, gv. 3.
3 jaoSvili v., saqarTvelos mosaxleoba XVIII-XX saukuneebSi, Tb.,
1984, gv. 22.
252
qarTveli qristiani mosaxleobis privilegirebuli nawilic _
samRvdeloeba da Tavadaznaurebi.
goris mosaxleoba, Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris
monacemebis mixedviT, SeiZleba davyoT gadasaxadTa gadamxde-
lTa kategoriebisa da religiuri aRmsareblobis mixedviT. maT
Soris pirvel rigSi unda davayenoT e. w. ìsfenji kacebi~.
mkvlevarTa Soris, isfenjis Sesaxeb, azrTa sxvaobaa1. davTri-
dan gamomdinare, misaRebia v. gabaSvilis ganmarteba damyare-
buli `gurjistanis didi davTaris~ masalebze da amgvarad qar-
Tul sinamdviles asaxavs.
v. gabaSvili aRniSnavs, rom ìsfenji~ yvela soflis sa-
gadasaxado nusxaSi pirveladaa dasaxelebuli da mosdevs
sofelSi mcxovrebi qarTuli saxelebisa da gvarebis matarebe-
li mamakacebis sia.
n, Sengelia, rogorc Cans iziarebs v. gabaSvilis ganmarte-
bas da aRniSnavs, rom isfenjis gadsaxadi dawesebuli iyo mi-
wiT sargeblobisaTvis da mas ixdida qristiani mosaxleoba2.
davTari uflebas gvaZlevs dasaxelebuli mkvlevrebis
mier nagulisxmevi ìsfenji kacebis~ wre gavafarTovoT da maT
Soris SeviyvanoT yovelgvari sakuTrebis mflobeli qristiani
mamakacebi.
saeWvoa, rom XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi gorSi imden mus-
limans ecxovros, ramdenic davTris mixedviT SeiZleba viguli-
sxmoT. pirvel rigSi es exeba im gorelebs, romlebic flob-
dnen baRebs, venaxebs da bostnebs da ixdidnen uSris gadasa-
xads.
v. gabaSvilis ganmartebiT, uSris/uSuris miwa ganixileboda
rogorc sakuTreba da am gadasaxads, mxolod muslimani
1 gorgaZe n., osmaluri gadasaxadebi da valdebulebani qsnisa da

aragvis xeobaSi `Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris~ (1728 w.)
mixedviT, gv. 421-423.
2 gabaSvili v., qarTuli feodaluri wyobileba XVI-XVII saukuneebSi,
Tb., 1958, gv. 341; Sengelia n., osmaluri gadasaxadebi da valdebul-
ebani `gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris~ mixedviT // Tsu Sro-
mebi, #91, Tb., 2000, gv. 281.
253
ixdida1. gamodis, rom venaxis 8 mflobeli, maT Soris qarTuli
saxelebis matarebeli adamianebic _ Tamaza gorgiCas Ze, zurab
estates Ze, baramis Ze, farsadan babunis Ze, resan xani, vesan
xani, arsa el munif xani, oda baSi, muslimanebi iyvnen.
amitomac ar arian isini isfenji kacebis nusxaSi. maT xelSi
iyo 150 donumi venaxi. TiToeuli erT donumze ixdida 40 axCas,
sul ki _ 6000 axCas.
imave ganmartebis nixedviT, muslimanebi yofilan xexilis
baRebis mflobelebi: qaixosro manuCaris Ze, bano beras Ze,
rostom gabrielis Ze, manuCar banus Ze, baRdad zurabis Ze,
daviT farsadanis Ze, bero gorgiCas Ze, hazir kusurvelis Ze,
daviTi, gaspar gabrielis Ze, gabriel rubenis Ze, estate bados
Ze, petre basos Ze, ahmud abdallahis Ze, givi ramazis Ze,
gabriel isTafanis Ze, dolmaz ramazis Ze, qeSiS minasi
nasyidas Ze, araqel minasis Ze, amiran sadis Ze, Cubina nikos Ze,
baram dolmazis Ze, baRdasari, farsadan beJanis Ze, aleqsi,
avnia baras Ze, araqel bainduras Ze, oTar daTunas Ze, goderZi
jurji, nasyida moqeris Ze, nazar badas Ze, farsadan zaalis Ze,
TuTara, zurab estates Ze, gabriel giorgis Ze, saba da nasyida
romlebsac ekavaT 60,5 donumi baRi.
uSris gadasaxads sabostne miwaze ixdidnen: rostevani,
gorgiCa, zaali, Rustani feriduni, bero da rostomi, rom-
lebic flobdnen 3 donums da ixdidnen 5200 axCas. gamodis, rom
isinic muslimanebi iyvnen. is rac gorSi mosaxle `musli-
mebze~ iTqva, saeWvoa da damatebiTi sabuTia saWiro sabolood
mis dasadgenad.
*
marTalia, gorma didi ziani ganicada òsmaloba~-`yizil-
baSobis~ periodSi (XVIII s. 20-40-iani wlebi), qalaqi mniSvne-
lovnad dakninda, mosaxleoba Semcirda, magram male welSi
gaimarTa. Semdgomi periodisaTvis goris mosaxleobis raode-
nobis kvlevisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs 1770 w. 5 aprilis
demografiul nusxas. igi moicavs raodenobriv monacemebs
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos yvela provinciis mcxovreblebze. aRwe-

gv. 162, 322, 341.
254
ris Sedegebi erekle II-em ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis
oficialur warmomadgenels saqarTveloSi anton mouravovs
warudgina1. aRniSnuli nusxis Sedgenis mizani, rogorc misi
daskvnebidan Cans, samefos Semosavlebisa da jaris raodenobis
dadgena iyo2.
irkveva, rom ganvlili naxevari saukunis manZilze goris
mosaxleobam sagrZnoblad imata, daaxloebiT 120 komliT gai-
zarda, rac qveynad SedarebiT mSvidobis damyarebisa da
ekonomikurad moRonierebis Sedegi iyo.
amgvarad, zemoxsenebuli nusxis mixedviT, 1770 wlisaTvis
gadasaxadebis gadamxdelTa da samxedro valdebulTa ojaxebis
sulTa saerTo raodenoba 2500 Seadgenda.
goris mosaxleoba kidev ufro unda gazrdiliyo 1780 w.
roca ereklem daamarcxa gandgomili erevnis xani da qarTl-
kaxeTis mosaxleobis gadidebis mizniT `...mesame dRes ahyara
erevnidan mravalni mekomurni somexni da moiyvana saqarTvelo-
Si, romelic dResac mdgomareoben, raodensame adgilsa~3. isini
siRnaRSi, Tbilissa da gorSi daasaxles4.
goris mosaxleobis dinamika uaRresad meryevi iyo, rasac
qveynad mimdinare politikuri da ekonomikuri cvlilebebi
ganapirobebda. amaze metyvelebs 1804 wlis aRweris monacemebic.
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTTan SeerTebis win da Semdeg
momxdarma politikurma ambebma is gamoiwvia, rom goris
mosaxleoba 100 komliT Semcirda5. amdenad, gazviadebulia avT.
TumaniSvilis cnoba, rom XIX s. meore aTwleulis Sua
xanebisaTvis gorSi 5000 suli cxovrobda, maSin roca imave
saukunis 40-ian wlebSi gorSi mxolod 3468 mcxovrebi iyo6.
calkeuli cnobebi gagvaCnia goris mosaxleobis eTnikur
Semadgenlobaze.
1 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, gv. IV, 651-652.

2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 420-422, #120.
3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 420-422, #120.
4 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa... III, gv. 368.
6 Ведомость Горийского комендатна майора Рейха состоящих в веренном мне
городе разного звания люди с показанием порознь какого они звания (за 1804
год). gsiem, #7486.
255
XII s. dasawyisidan gorSi qarTuli mosaxleobis gverdiT
somxuric arsebobda, Tumca maTi raodenoba maSin umniSvnelo
iqneboda. s. makalaTias azriT, daviT aRmaSenebelma anisidan
wamoyvanili somxebi ZiriTadad qsnis xeobis maRal mTian
goraze axalgorSi daasaxla. iqaur somxebs bolo dromde
xsomebiaT, rom isini daviT aRmaSenebelma XII saukuneSi ani-
sidan gadmoasaxla. s. makalaTia dasaSvebad Tvlida, rom daviT
mefes anisel somex xelosanTa da vaWarTa erTi nawili
gorSic daesaxlebina1.
somxeTSi samefo xelisuflebis mospobis Semdeg, daviT
aRmaSeneblisa da misi memkvidreebis mier dampyrobTa uRlisa-
gan gaTavisuflebuli somxebi, qarTveli mefeebis mowveviT
siamovnebiT modiodnen saqarTveloSi. isini aq naxulobdnen
saimedo TavSesafars da dacvas Zlieri saxelmwifos saxiT.
saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebuli somxebisaTvis aranaklebi
mniSvneloba hqonda imasac, rom maT axali asparezi uCndebo-
daT TavianTi xelosnuri nawarmis gasaRebisaTvis. garkveuli
mniSvneloba imasac hqonda, rom maSindeli somxebis poli-
tikuri orientacia emTxveoda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos poli-
tikur kurss. saqarTvelo amierkavkasiis xalxebis ganmaTavi-
suflebeli brZolis meTaurad gamodioda.
savsebiT sworad SeniSnavs p. muradiani, rom daviT aRma-
Seneblis mier gorSi dasaxlebuli somxebi mcirericxovanni
unda yofiliyvnen da gazviadebulad miaCnia maTeos urhaecis
naTqvami, rom daviTma gorSi dasaxlebuli somxebisaTvis
eklesiebi da monastrebi aaSenao. misi azriT, gorSi gadmosa-
xlebulTa umravlesoba xelosnebi unda yofiliyvnen. qalaqis
gasaZliereblad mwarmoebel-xelosnebi ufro saWironi iyvnen2.
saqarTveloSi somxebis gadmosaxleba sistemur xasiaTs
iRebs XIV saukunidan. migracia gamowveuli iyo somxeTze
mtris ganuwyveteli TavdasxmebiT da cxovrebis aranormaluri
pirobebiT. saqarTvelos samefo xelisuflebis mier somxebi-
sadmi keTilganwyobilebas imdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWeb-
dnen somexi moRvaweebi, rom, rogorc zemoT iTqva, XII s. isto-
1 makalaTia s., liaxvis xeoba, gv. 96.

2
Мурадян П.М., Армянская эпиграфика Грузии. Картли и Кахети, Ереван, 1985, c.
81.
256
rikosma maTeos urhaecma daviT IV-s goris somxebisaTvis aSe-
neba miawera.
Suasaukuneebrivi gori, saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebis msgav-
sad, samSoblodan ltolvili mravali somxisaTvis myudro
TavSesafarad gadaiqca. somxebs pirobebi hqondaT Seuferxeb-
lad gaegrZelebinaT TavianTi nacionalur-kulturuli saqmia-
noba da monawileoba mieRoT Cveni qveynis politikur, eko-
nomikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi. xangrZlivi drois gan-
mavlobaSi TavianT samSoblos mowyvetili somxebis erTi
nawili, naziarebi adgilobriv kulturas, enas, zne-Cveulebas,
TandaTan kargavda Tavis nacionalur maxasiaTeblebs da
zogjer mxolod sarwmunoebiT gansxvavdeboda qarTvelebisa-
gan. adgili hqonda sapirispiro processac. rodesac, garkveu-
li pirobebis gamo, qarTvelebi somxdebodnen, magram mxolod
religiuri TvalsazrisiT. sxva yvelaferSi isini qarTvelebad
rCebodnen.
gorSi qarTvelebi raodenobiT yovelTvis Warbobdnen som-
xebs. avitabiles mixedviT, 1630-iani wlebis dasawyisSi gorSi
`qarTvelebi da somxebi cxovrobdnen~1. vaxuSti batoniSvilis
gadmocemiT, gorSi `msaxlobelni arian qarTvelni da somexni,
haerovani, tanovanni, Suenierni, amayni da didis mTqmelni~2.
sainteresoa 1770 w. nusxis cnoba: àrs qalaqi gori da amasa
Sina mkvidroben marTlmadidebelni qarTvelni, frangni da
somexni, kumli xuTasi~3. ra Tqma unda, frangebSi is qarTv-
elebi da somxebi unda vigulisxmoT, romlebic kaTolikobaze
gadavidnen. am mosazrebis dazustebas Sevecdebi wignis bolo
TavSi. magram yuradRebas ipyrobs CamoTvla sarwmunoebis
mixedviT. rogoc Cans, 1770 w. gorSi yvelaze mravalricxovani
marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi iyvnen, Semdeg modiodnen kaTo-
likeni da bolos grigorianeli somxebi. kaTolikebis meore
adgilze dayeneba, ra Tqma unda, maTdami simpaTiebiT ar iyo
gamowveuli, rogorc Tavis adgilas vnaxavT, XVIII s. 50-iani
wlebidan kaTolikebisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi arasaxar-
bielo mdgomareoba Seiqmna. miuxedavad amisa, isini gorSi gri-

3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 420, #120.
257
gorianebze metni iyvnen. momdevno periodSi kaTolikeTa ricxvi
Semcirda.
saqarTvelos da kavkasiis sxvadasxva adgilebidan gorSi
gadmosaxleba sistematur xasiaTs atarebs. gadmosaxlebulTa
Soris umetesoba qarTvelebi iyvnen. XVIII s. pirveli aTeulebis
aRweris davTarSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan gadmosax-
lebul ramdenime komls vxedavT: alidan – 4, oRozidan (?) 1,
imereTidan _ 1. imereTidan gorSi gadmosaxlebis yvelaze
adrindel cnobas Seicavs 1610-ian wlebSi Sedgenili sigeli,
romliTac imereTis mefe giorgi III-m qarTlis aznauri daviT
daviTaSvili daasaCuqra ori goreli vaWriT1. es vaWrebi ime-
reTidan gadmovidnen da imereTis mefe aqamde maT batonad iTv-
leboda. XVII s. erTi sabuTis mixedviT, TbilisSi mosaxle
sabatono yma grigolaSvils gorSi dasaxleba surda2. imave
periodSi axalcixidan gadmosaxlda vinme nurala3. 1725 w.
gorSi unda dasaxlebuliyo Tavrizeli dalaqi avetika, romel-
mac Tavi miyida qiaxosro ColoyaSvils4. sainteresoa 1788 wlis
erTi sabuTi raWidan gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb5. arzrumidan iyo
vinme xeCaturaSvili baRdasara, romelic Tavdapirvelad Tbi-
lisSi dasaxlda, magram aRa mahmad xanis Semosevis dros tyved
Cavarda, tyveobaSi colSvili daeRupa, TviTon da misma erTma
vaJma tyveobidan gaqceva moaxerxes, gorSi dasaxldnen da oTar
amilaxvris ymebi gaxdnen6.
mravali gorelic sxvadasxva mizeziT tovebda mSobliur
qalaqs da sxvagan gadadioda sacxovreblad. cnobilia, gori-
dan gadasaxlebulni umetesad vaWrebi iyvnen. goridan gada-
saxlebas, mtrebis xSiri Tavdasxmebis garda, albaT, arsebuli
sagadasaxado sistema da konfesiuri safuZveli hqonda. magram
umTavresi mainc batonymuri Cagvra iyo.
1 xec, Hd, 14630.

2 xec, Hd, #14990.
3 iqve.
4 uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriisa-
Tvis (XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 33, #17.
258
sainteresoa 1697 w. 20 martis sasamarTlo ganCinebis erTi
adgili: `mravali bedovlaT da wasuli moqalaqe da goreli
kaci iyo dakarguli~1. am frazis dRevandeli gageba Semdegia:
Tbilisidan da goridan wasuli mravali uxeiro, mflangveli,
Rataki da momWirne, mqonebeli, pativcemuli adamiani gadakar-
gula, ukan aRar dabrunebula.
z. WiWinaZis gamokvleviT, XVIII saukuneSi quTaisSi da ozu-
rgeTSi gadasaxldnen goreli kaTolike vaWrebi. maT Soris
iyvnen: zubalaSvilebi, andronikaSvilebi, TumaniSvilebi2.
Tbilisidan da goridan saqarTvelos sxvadasxva adgilebsa
da ucxo qveynebSi gadasaxlebam imdenad seriozuli saxe mii-
Ro, rom erekle II-m 1784 w. gamosca brZaneba yofili goris
moqalaqeebis qonebis konfiskaciisa da xazinis mier maTi kerZo
pirebze gayidvis Sesaxeb3. aseTi mkacri RonisZiebiT cdilobda
mefe goris vaWar-xelosnebis adgilze damagrebas.
2. mosaxleobis socialuri struqtura

damokidebuli xalxi
feodaluri xanis goris mosaxleoba ZiriTadad vaWar-

xelosnebisagan Sedgeboda da ymur damokidebulebaSi imyofe-
boda. soflad gamwvavebuli batonymuri urTierToba soflis
yma-xelosans da vaWarს aiZulebda TavSesafari qalaqSi eZebna.
soflidan qalaqSi saxldeboda, agreTve, yma glexobac. qalaqs
TavSefarebuli adamianebi SedarebiT `msubuq~ ymobaSi aRmoC-
ndebodnen xolme.
qalaqSi dasaxlebuli glexi, romeli samefodanac ar unda
yofiliyo, mainc batonis kuTvnilebad rCeboda da xSirad mis
beds es ukanaskneli ganagebda. XVI s. 70-ian wlebSi darejan
dedofalma giorgi saakaZes uboZa gorSi mcxovrebi abovai
narikas-Svili4. XVII s. meore aTwledSi Sedgenili sigelis
mixedviT, imereTis mefe giorgi III (1605-1639) qarTlis cnobil
aznaurs, boqaulT-ucuxes daviT daviTaSvils gorSi ori
1 dokumentebi, I, gv. 101, #141.

2 WiWinaZe z., qarTvel kaTolikeTa vaWroba, tf., 1905, gv. 40, 49, 89.
3 Грузинские крестьянские грамоты, с. 42.
4 saistorio krebuli, IV, s. kakabaZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1929, gv. 70-71.
259
vaWris merabas da unanas mflobeloba daumtkica1. albaT,
dasaxelebuli vaWrebi gadmosaxlebulni iyvnen imereTidan.
gorSi mcxovrebi samefo ymebis gaCuqebis saintereso Zegls
warmoadgens qarTlis mefe luarsab II-is 1610 w. 13 maisis
wyalobis wigni, romliTac zemoxsenebul daviTaSvils ori
goreli _ èrTieraSvili solaRa da avranaSvili maTis
samarTlianis mamuliTa da simZlavriTa, risac mqonebelni~ _
uboZa2. 1631 w. Teimuraz I-ma goreli somexi akofa da misi
saxli sveticxovels Seswira3, xolo 1667 w. Sahnavazma ori
goreli vaWari amirbaraSvili elizbara da mundaSaSvili da-
viTa mziTevSi misca Tavis asuls4.
iyo SemTxvevbi, rodesac mebatonem ar icoda misgan wasuli
ymis adgilsamyofeli da, amdenad, masze xeli aRar miuw-
vdeboda. magram maSindel qalaqebSi Seqmnili viTareba vaWarsa
da xelosans aiZulebda moeZebna batoni da misi mfarvelobiT
daecva Tavi sxvaTa xelyofisagan. ase rom feodalur
qalaqebSi da, ra Tqma unda, gorSic iuridiulad an realurad
Tavisufali mwarmoebeli aRar arsebobda. yvelas, nebiT Tu
uneblieT, batoni unda hyoloda. S. mesxia aRniSnavda: `saqar-
Tvelos qalaqebSi, sadac mTeli mosaxleoba ganawilebulia
saero da sasuliero feodalebs Soris, sadac yoveldRiuri
pirobebi mas ymobisaken erekeba da dRes Tu xval ymad aqcevs,
iuridiulad Tavisufali mwarmoeblis gaZleba SeuZlebelia,
iZulebuls xdis batonTa Soris, sanam jer kidev SesaZleb-
loba aqvs, SedarebiT ùkeTesi~ SearCios da Tavisive survi-
liT Tavi Seswiros Tu eymos mas~5.
zemoaRniSnulis sailustraciod moviyvan ramdenime maga-
liTs.
1788 w. ori axalmosuli, romlebsac gorSi samudamod
dasaxleba surT, mouravs, oTar amilaxvars mimarTaven: ès
wigni mogarTviT batons amilaxors oTars me raWvelma
lobJaniZem mamukam da tyeSelaSvilma gogiam ase rome, Cveni
1 xec, Hd, #14633.

2 saqarTvelos siZveleni, II, gv. 158, #128.
3 istoriuli sabuTebi, IV, gv. 1517.
4 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis... II, gv. 25.
260
nebayoflobiT movediT Seni batonymaT. arc Sen meti batoni
movindomeT saqarTveloSi, Sen mwyalobeli batoni iyo, Cvenc
erTguli ymani viyvneT arc aravin mocile gyavs~1.
Tavisi nebiT eymo Cildiridan gamoqceuli hairapeta
avTandil babalaSvils, romelmac `sarCo da suladi~ misca da
gorSi daasaxla, misi ori Svili dazarda, xelosans miabara da
xeloba aswavla2.
warmoSobiT arzrumeli xeCaturaSvili baRdasara Tavis
biografiaSi ambobs, rom jer TbilisSi dasaxlda, magram aRa
mahmad-xanis saqarTveloSi laSqrobis dros daatyveves, col-
Svili tyveobaSi amouwyda, bolos Tavis erT SvilTan erTad
gamoiqca da gorSi dasaxlda. `CemTan RvTis mets saqme aravis
hqonda da arc aravis xeldebulaT da ymad vyofilvar _
ambobs baRdasara, _ movel da Tqvenis RvTis gulisaTvis
Sevexvewe Tqvens ojaxsa da Tqvenc inebeT Cemi gaZlebineba.
Tqveni ymis qali colaT miboZeT da sxva feriTac TeTris
micemiTaca da qorwilis xarjiTac Cemi guli SeajereT, mec es
wigni momirTmevia winaSe RvTisa, rom dRes da dReis iqiT saqme
aravisa aqvs arc sabatonymoTa... meca Cemi Svilica da
STamomavlobac RmerTman bednierebaSi mogaxmaroT. Tqven
mwyalobeli batoni brZandebodeT Cemi da me erTguli da kargi
mona da mosamsaxure gaxlde. CemTan Tqvens mets sabatonymoTY
saqme aravisa aqvs...~3.
nasyidi ymebi . goris mosaxleobis garkveul nawils
nasyidi ymebi Seadgendnen. eseni is ymebi iyvnen, romlebic
mebatonem sakuTari TanxiT SeiZina. nasyidi ymebi mebatonis
samemkvidreo sakuTrebas Seadgendnen. batons maTi gayidva,
gasaCuqreba da dagiraveba SeeZlo. ymis SeZena sxvadasxva
formiT SeiZleboda: mebatonisagan yidva, davalianebuli pirov-
nebis valis dafarviT, tyveobidan gamoxsniT. gavrcelebuli
iyo, agreTve, gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili adamianebis
mier sakuTari Tavis, Svilebis an mTeli ojaxis gayidva.
domenti III kaTalikosis 1660 w. 1 maisis wyalobis wignidan
vigebT, rom xudada xojaSvils gorSi minbaSisagan nayidi

3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 215-216.
261
hyavda beraZe daTuna, maxatelisagan _ kotoSaZe Tandila, aba-
SiZe berisagan _ goCiZe beruka misi SvilebiT1.
1705 w. gorelma oqromWedlis suxinas Zmam gabuam da misma
Svilma winaT nayidi yma SaSvaZe coliTa da oTxi vaJiSviliT
miyides endronikaSvil manuCarasa da mis Zmas, goris mamasax-
lis merabs2.
saintereso SemTxvevaa aRwerili 1783 w. erT sabuTSi: niko-
loz calqalamaniZem da misma biZebma daviTma da giorgim go-
rel ivane zubalaSvils mimarTes, raTa mas tyveobidan gamoes-
yida maTi ymis, osebisagan mokluli ivane kenTelaZis col-
Svili, romelic imave osebs hyavdaT datyvevebuli. zubala-
Svilma gamoisyida kenTelaZis colSvili da Tavis ymebad gai-
xada3.
1737 w. davis gadasawyveti wignebidan vigebT, rom zertelma
mamulas-Svilma beJuam Tavisi Zma berua mihyida gorel var-
Tanas-Svils giorgis Svils xudaverdas da sxvebs. garigeba,
sxvadasxva mizeziT, sadavo gaxda, magram sabolood ZalaSi
darCa4.
Teimuraz II-is 1756 w. ganCinebidan Cans, rom `valisagan ga-
texil~ safaras-Svil merabas Tavisi Svilebi lusikaSvili-
saTvis miuyidia5.
mraval sabuTSi aisaxa sakuTari Tavis gayidvis SemT-
xvevebi. 1682 w. nasyidobis wignSi qinZaTeli araqelas Svili
zura acxadebs: ès Cemi Tavi Cemis nebiT mogyide... asre rome
Rone da ilaji Tqvens meti ara mqonda, movalebma Zala miyves,
gadaxda ar SemeZlo, movel da Semogexvewe, movalebs mamarCine,
vali rac memarTa gardamixade da geymev da mziTvis muaxle
SevirTevi Tqveni, mogyide Cemi Svilic Tqven gorels iaralis
Svils papunasa, Svilsa Tqvensa beJanasa, goderZasa...~6.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 528-529.

5 dokumentebi, II, gv. 50-51, #73; qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv.
454-455, #356.
262
Tavrizelma avetika dalaqma, Tavisi Svilis da dalaqis
masmalaSvilis muradxanis TaTris valisa da datyvevebisagan
daxsnis sanacvlod, 1725 w. Tavi miyida qaixosro ColoyaSvils1.
sabuTSi ar Cans sad dasaxlda Tavmiyiduli. radgan sabuTs
goris mamasaxlisi da sxva gorelebi amowmeben, savaraudoa,
avetika da misi ojaxi gorSi dasaxlda.
1740 w. gorelma nadiraanT Tamazam da misma Svilebma valis
gamo Tavi miyides goris meliqs2. Tormet weliwads tyved
namyofma gorelma daTunaSvilma darejan dedofals TbilisSi
duqnisa da saxlis asaSeneblad 1782 w. adgili sTxova da,
samagierod, Tavis Tavi mis ymad gamoacxada3.
davalianebis Sedegad Tavis gayidvis naTel suraTs
gviqmnis brma sexnias da misi Svilebis mier 1778 w. micemuli
ymobis wigni kaTalikosis saxlTuxuces amilbar RalaZisadmi.
sabuTidan irkveva, rom sexnias ùfros Svils raRac daswames
da im dawamebulis saqmis mizeziT TeTri daatexes da somexs
giraod hyvanda~. sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnilma brma sexniam
daxmareba sTxova amilbar maRalaZes. am ukanasknelma sexnias
vaJi fuliT daixsna, samagierod sexnia da daxnili vaJic
maRalaZis `nasyidi yma Seiqmna, am ors, Cems Svils Tavis Zmas
xom ver movaSorebdi da es ori Cemi Svilic vasili da geo-
rgic wyalobis ymad moge im pirobiT rom saca Tqveni neba
iyos, iq dagvasaxlo da batonymobis gziT da rigiT gvipa-
trono da Segvinaxo...~ acxadebs brma sexnia4. sabuTs amowmeben
goris mamasaxlisi da sxva gamorCeuli gorelebi, rac imaze
miuTiTebs, rom sexnias ojaxi maRalaZis yma gaxda da gorSi
dasaxlda.
sabuTebSi aisaxa ymebis giraoTi micemis mravali SemT-
xveva.
1 uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriisaTvis

(XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 25, #17.
2 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 5, sab. 117.
3 iqve, davT. 8, sab. 123.
4 uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriisaT-
vis (XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 25, #17.
263
goris mwarmoebluri mosaxleoba, rogorc zemomoyvanili
masalebidan Cans, ymebisagan Sesdgeboda da feodalTa klasis
sxvadasxva warmomadgenels ekuTvnoda.
mefis ymebi Seadgendnen qalqis mosaxleobis did nawils,
radgan, saerTod, mefe iyo ymebis yvelaze didi mflobeli.
aRweris davTrebSi msxvili da wvrili feodalebis, eklesiis
ymebic Canan. viTvaliswinebYra davTris struqturas, sadac
cal-calkea warmodgenili ymaTa kuTvnileba (dedoflis, bato-
niSvilis, sxvadasxva feodalis, eklesiis, yma moqalaqeTa yme-
bi), unda vivaraudoT, rom davTris dakargul dasawyisSi
mocemuli iyo samefo ymaTa sia. isinic, visi socialuri
mdgomareoba aRniSnuli ar aris samefo ymebad unda vigulis-
xmoT. XVIII s. pirveli aTeulis goris mcxovrebTa aRweris
davTris arasruli monacemebiT gorSi cxovrobda samefo ymaTa
60 komlze meti1.
imave davTris mixedviT, gorSi saxlobda 16 komli sade-
doflo yma 2. saukunis dasasruls darejan dedofals 24
komli yma hyavda, xolo mariam dedofals _ 283. gamodis rom
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTTan SeerTebis droisaTvis gorSi
cxovrobda sadedoflo ymaTa 52 komli, maSasadame, am katego-
riis ymaTa raodenoba samjer da metad gaizarda TiTqmis erTi
saukunis manZilze.
davTarSi dasaxelebulia sabatoniSvilo erTi yma-mRe-
bari mamuliSvili4. davTris Sedgenidan mcire xnis Semdeg,
rogorc 1771 wlis ganCinebidan Cans, gorSi gadmosaxlda mReb-
riSvili. misi gadmosaxleba unda momxdariyo araugvianes 20-
iani wlebisa. naxevari saukunis Semdeg gorSi ukve mRebri-
Svilebis ramdenime ojaxi Seqmnila. yvelani sabatoniSvilo
ymebi iyvnen. mefis ganCinebiT, àm ruisel baRdasarasTan, amis
Zma sarqisasTan, rostomasTan da baidurasTan ara kacs saqme
ara aqvs, gors unda idgnen sabatonisSvilod~5.
1 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis... I, gv. 256-259.

2 iqve, gv. 259-260.
3 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею,, I с. 214, №179.
4 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis... I, gv. 261.
264
gorSi mravlad iyvnen saeklesio ymebi. gansakuTrebiT bevri
yma hayvda mcxeTis sapatriarqo taZars. Yyvelaze adrindeli
sabuTi goreli sveticxovlis taZris ymebis Sesaxeb aris
aleqsandre mefis 1398 wlis sigeli1. am sigeliT aleqsandrem
sveticxovels ganuaxla gorSi arsebuli mamulebisa da vaW-
rebis Sewiruloba. sigelis ganaxleba imaze miuTiTebs, rom
sveticxoveli ukve didi xnis winaT flobda mamulebsa da
ymebs gorSi.
sveticxovlis ymebi naxsenebia konstantine II-is sigelSi
kaTalikos doroTeosisadmi2. 1524 w. qarTlis mefe daviT X-m
berad Sedgomis dros sveticxovels Seswira gorelebi _
janibegaSvili da molare vefxuaSvili xeCatura3. XVI s. 30-40-
ian wlebSi kaxeTis mefe levanma sveticxovels Seswira
goreli vaWari4. 1559 w. svimon I-ma imave taZars ganuaxla gorSi
mcxovrebi vaWrebis da mamulebis mflobeloba5. mogvianebiT
(1583 w.) man gorSi mcxovrebi sveticxvolis ymebi gadasa-
xadebidan gaaTavisufla6. 1631 w. Teimuraz I-ma goreli somexi
iza akofa da misi saxli Seswira sveticxovels7.
sainteresoa domenti kaTalikozis mier 1660 w. xudada xo-
jaSvilisadmi gacemuli wyalobis wigni, romelSic naTqvamia,
rom xojaSvilis winapari safrangeTidan movida, qarTlis me-
fis karze aRzevda da sakmaod didi mamulebis patroni Seiqmna.
SemdegSi kaTalikozs dauaxlovda da sveticxovels cxra kom-
1 xec, Hd, #8712.

gv. 320. T. Jordania sigels aTariRebs 1504-1516 wlebiT. vfiqrob,
TariRis ufro dazusteba SeiZleba. viciT, rom konstantine II
mefobda 1505 wlamde, doroTeos II ki kaTalikos_patriarqad iyo
jer 1502-1505 wlebSi, Semdeg 1511-1516 wlebSi. sigeli Sedgenili unda
iyos konstantines mefobis bolo periodsa da doroTeosis
kaTalikosobis pirvel periodSi. maSasadame, sigeli SeiZleba
daTariRdes araugvianes 1503-1505 wlebiT.
3 istoriuli sabuTebi, II, gv. 33.
4 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa... II, gv. 376.
5 xec, Hd, #1572.
6 iqve, Hd, #1374.
7 istoriuli sabuTebi, IV, gv. 17.
265
li Seswira. am cxra komlidan xuTi TbilisSi cxovrobda,
oTxi gorSi1.
goris mosaxleobis aRweris davTarSi oTx koml xojabe-
giSvilebs vxedavT2, magram yvela amilaxvrebis ymaTa siaSia.
savsebiT mosalodnelia, rom isini xojaSvilis naymebevi iyvnen
da maTi gvaric iqidan modiodes. zemoT ukve vTqvi, xojaSvilma
gorSi Tavisi oTxi komli sveticxovels Seswira. gaugebaria,
ratom unda gadasuliyvnen aRniSnuli ymebi amilaxvris xelSi.
sveticxovlis yma iyo grigol gilaSvili. rogorc 1766 w.
ganCinebis wignidan Cans, kaTalikos-patriarq domentis grigo-
li da misi mama sexnia osmaleTis tyveobidan dauxsnia da
sveticxovlisaTvis Seuwiravs3.
saerTod, XVIII s. dasawyisSi gorSi kaTalikosis 14 komli
cxovrobda4. imave saukunis 80-ian wlebSi maTi raodenoba ukve
20 komlamde gaizarda. Seicvala kaTalikosis ymaTa Semadge-
nloba. maT Soris veRar vxedavT zogierTi gvarebis warmoma-
dgenlebs. samagierod xiTariSvilTa erTi komlis magier
kaTalikosis ymaTa siaSi ukve maTi oTxi komlia5.
ymebis SedarebiTYmcire raodenoba hyavda mTavarepisko-
poss . mosaxleobis aRweris davTarSi mTavarepiskoposis mxo-
lod xuTi komlia dasaxelebuli6.
gorSi ymebi hyavda sxva eklesiebsac. 1639 w. rostom mefem
ierusalimis eklesias Seswira `vaWari dondoras Svilis
fabuas Svilebi dondora da feroza~7. ierusalimis jvris
monastris ymebi iyvnen: diakvniSvilebi _ farsadana, Sermazana
da firbudaxa, farsadanis yma lelukaSvili oTia, dondo-
raSvili farsadan da misi ymebi _ basila, dondora da jaburi-
Svili, sul 6 komli8.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 527, #123.

2 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis..., I, gv. 262.
3 qarTuli samarTli Zeglebi, III, gv. 535, #422.
4 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri... I, gv. 261.
6 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri... I, gv. 264.
8 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis Zeglebi, gv.
264.
266
XIX s. dasawyisisaTvis ierusalimis eklesias gorSi hyavda
4 yma-vaWari1. eCmiaZinis eklesias _ 10 (sul vaWari da xelo-
sani), mTawmindisas _ 1, kavTisxevisas _ 3, ikorTisas _ 12.
adrindeli masalebidan ar Cans, magram viciT, rom 1703 w.
erekle I-ma qvabTaxevis monasters Seswira goreli vaWari
gogijanaSvili3. gogijanaSvilTan erTad aRniSnuli monastris
ymebi iyvnen `gors vaWari mamniaSvilebi da mamulaSvilebi, ami-
ra Tavisi mamuliTa, saxlkariTa, qulbaqiTa, nasyidiTa da us-
yidiTa~4.
XIX s. dasawyisis saeklesio ymebis nusxiT gorSi cxovrob-
da gorijvris yma _ 22 komli: dekanozi aduasSvili barT-
lome, mRvdeli gogibasSvili svimon, focxveraSvili RTisia da
qitua, SoSiaSvili berua, misi biZaSvili giorgi, maxaraSvili
gogia da misi Svili berua, maxaraSvili berua, boiaZes-Svili
ivane, maxaraSvili Tevdore, induas-Svili Sio da gogia,
mogvreis-Svili demetre, smedaSvili (?) ivane, SioSas-Svili oq-
rua, berinaSvili xizana, xarazi glaxa, lomasSvili glaxa da
imisi Zma gogia, lazares-Svili barnabe, yaWia Semaza, xucis-
Svili oqrua, focxveras-Svili, xarebas-Svili5.
gorSi yma xelosnebi da vaWrebi hyavdaT gabatonebuli sa-
zogadoebis sxva warmomadgenlebsac, kerZod, Tavadebsa da
aznaurebs.
XVII s. meore naxevris gorSi amilaxvrebis davTarSi dafi-
qsirebulia amilaxvrebis ymebis 20 komli6, xolo XVIII s. dasa-
wyisSi maTi ymebis raodenoba gaizarda. aRniSnul periodSi
maT gorSi 27 komli yma hyavdaT. 1766 w. ganCinebiT demetre
amilaxvriSvilisa da misi saxlikacebis gayris saqmeze,
demetres ergo `gors saakaSvili manuCara Tavisi ZmiswulebiT,
dRes risac ymisa da mamulis mqonebli aris, imiT batonisa
1 gsiem, #7486.
2 iqve, #7486.
3 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1448, davT, I, naw. 5, sab.1.
4 `moambe~, 1903, IX, gv. 14.
5 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis... II, gv. 185-186.
6 kakabaZe s., saamilaxvros davTari me-17 s-nis meore naxevrisa, tf.,
1925, gv. 24-25.
267
aris~1. masve darCa gorSi qacaxaSvili avTandila, nalbandi
qacaxaSvili gabriela, qacaxaSvili ivane, amsarqisas Svili,
petrozas oboli, fizdurasSvili oboli, dalaqi zuraba,
TaTriSvili berua, bitaSvili kacia, otiaSvili ivane, abulas
oblebi, naCxataSvili, xizani Saluta javaxi. imave saukunis
dasasruls amilaxvrebs ekuTvnodaT 30 komli2.
davTris mixedviT, qsnis erisTavebs 9 komli ekuTvnodaT.
eseni iyvnen: kaWkaWiSvili manuCara, SixinaSvili sulxana,
givinaSvili goderZa, xiTariSvili papua, xiTariSvili daniela,
daTuna kalatozi, abulaSvili sulxana, imereli pataSvili
nasyida da zaqaraSvili giua3. viciT, rom giorgi mefem 1683 w.
daviT erisTavs, mis Zmas revazs da biZaSvilebs largvelsa da
daTunas uboZa goreli rostomaSvilebi, alixanasSvilebi,
goginaSvilebi, SixinasSvili, givinasSvilebi, ziraqaSvilebi da
WurikasSvilebi TavianTi mamulebiTurT4. magram davTarSi
qsnis erisTavTa ymaTa siaSi CamoTvlili vaWrebidan mxolod
zogierTi (SixinaSvili, givinaSvili) Cans. alixanaSvili
goderZa dasaxlebulia gorijvris ymebs Soris, sxvebs ki veRar
vxedavT. qsnis erisTavTa ymebs Soris veRar vxedavT mis
SeZlebul ymas qoqilasSvils. qoqilasSvilebis erT-erTma
warmomadge-nelma goginam 1672 w. iese erisTavisagan iyida basi-
la iordanaSvili5.
aragvis erisTavebs gorSi ekuTvnodaT 14 komli: qurci-
kiSvili, kriJangiSvilebi (2 komli), CarCiSvilebi (3 komli),
xucesi terminisa, daviTaSvili, tergasparaSvili, baRdinaSvi-
li, xucesi tergabriela da misi ganayofi daviTa, lusinaSvi-
li6.
muxranTbatons gorSi hyavda ymaTa 3 komli7.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, 520, gv. #411.

3 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis Zeglebi, I, gv.
264.
4 xec, Hd, #2342.
5 dokumentebi, I, #70.
263-264.
7 iqve, gv. 261.
268
garsevaniSvil ieses gorSi hyavda 10 yma: gognaZe, xaxu-
taSvili, xasadriSvili, maWaraZe, jmuxaZe, mWedeli ivane,
beruaSvili oTara, buxunaSvili daTuna, orbeliZe daTuna, oma-
raZe Tamaza, garsevaniSvil svimons _ liklikaSvili Cer-
qeza da mgeliaSvili giorgi1.
davTris mixedviT, samefo, sadedoflo, sabatoniSvilo,
saeklesio da TavadaznaurTa ymebis (sul 158 komli) erTi
nawili ymebis patroni iyo. isini Seadgendnen goris SeZlebul
moqalaqeebs, Tumca maT es wodeba (moqalaqe) mxolod XIX s.
dasawyisidan miiRes.
zemoaRniSnuli ymebidan 66 TviTon iyo ymaTa mflobeli:
abela, zaliSvili Taya, osinaSvili qaixosro, mirianaSvilebi
_ giorgi, givina da Tamaza, julabaSvilebi _ avTandila, gode-
rZa da Tamaza, mdivnisSvili daTa, avTandilaSvili zalia,
jaSinaSvili rostoma, guliSambaraSvili gabriela, rostevani-
Svilebi _ fridona, firala da estate, yorxmazaSvili Ggabri-
ela, muWaSvili daviTa, dustiraSvili osefa, terdaviTaSvili
xucesi karapeta, mewuRiSvili goderZa, amiraRaSvilebi _
dolmaza, ohajana da Tamaza, RambaraSvili amirana, davreSa-
Svili farsadana, sulxaniSvili barxudara, mamajanaSvili givi,
engulaSvili RTisavara, baramaSvili giorgi, zubiaSvili
Ggabriela, xudadaSvili baRdasara, xiTaraSvili bairama, Tayi-
naSvilebi _ gabriela, feSangi da farsadan, saakaSvili estate,
avTandilaSvili farsadana, miraqa, merabaSvili zuraba, oqro-
mWedliSvili aleqsa, xojabegaSvili _ nazara, daTuna da
zuraba, sanasaraSvili qitesa, kaWkaWiSvili manuCara, SixinaS-
vili sulxana, givinaSvili goderZa, xucesi terminasa, kriJan-
giSvili yazara, CarCiSvili goderZa, aladaTaSvilebi _ oTara,
murada da papa, diakvniSvili farsadana, bastamaSvili daTina,
waturaSvili papijana, TemuraSvili Ggabriela.
zemoCamoTvlil moqalaqeebs ymaTa sxvadasxva raodenoba
hyavdaT gorSi, rac moqalaqeTa qonebriv diferenciaciis maCve-
nebelia. osinaSvil qaixosros da TayinaSvil farsadanas hya-
vda _ 12-12, amiraRaSvil dolmazas _ 11, SixinaSvil sulxanas _
9, xudadaSvil baRdasaras _ 7, mirianaSvil giorgis, mdivniS-
1 iqve, gv. 260-261.
269
vil giorgis da mamajanaSvil givis _ 6-6, guliSambaraSvil
gabrielas, davreSaSvil farsadanas da kaWkaWiSvil manuCarsa
_ 5-5, xiTariSvil bairamas da saakaSvil estates _ 4-4, miria-
naSvil givinas, avTandilaSvil zalias, jaSinaSvil rostomas,
RambaraSvil amiranas da TayinaSvil feSangs _ 3-3, jula-
baSvilebs: avTandilsa da goderZis, amiraRaSvil Tamazas,
sulxaniSvil barxudaras, TayinaSvil gabrielas, xuces termi-
nasas, aladaTaSvil oTaras da muradas _ 2-2, danarCens ki
TiTo-TiTo.
TumaniSvilebs bevrad meti yma hyavdaT vidre aRweris
davTarSia. jer kidev XVII s. 30-40-iani wlebis gayrilobis wig-
nidan viciT, rom roca manuCari da jimSita TumaniSvilebi
gaeyarnen Tayasa da birTvels, pirvel ors gorSi ergoT: papina
asaturaSvili yma-mamuliTurT, aruTina ZmiT, barilusa, alixa-
na, murdsanga, Warua, nazvrevis meoTxedi, axalcixidan moyvani-
li nur-ala (SeiZleba am nur-alas STamomavali iyo davTarSi
dasaxelebuli manuCar TumaniSvilis yma muralaSvili Tamaza1).
ori Tvali wisqvili ivane mewisqviliTurT, rostoma watu-
raSvili yma-mamuliTurT2. 1656 w. jimSita da manuCari gaiyar-
nen. jimSitas wilad xvda waturaSvili rostoma3 Tavisi ymiTa
da mamuliT (naxevari saukunis Semdeg waturaSvilebis yma iyo
CagviaSvili ivane)4, Warua da alixana TavTavianTi mamulebiT,
aruTena. manuCaras ergo: ivane mewisqvile, aruTena, papia asatu-
raSvili da barilusa TavTavianTi mamulebiT5, TumaniSvilebis

264.
2 dokumentebi, I, gv. 101, #141;
3 jimSitas STamomavali unda iyos givi TumaniSvili, romelsac am
waturaSvilis STamomavalma sakmao usiamovneba miayena. is erTi Re-
ro kaci darCa, `Zma da Svili da saxliskaci ar yvanda~ da batoni-
sagan Seviwroebuli 1697 w. indoeTs gaiqca. pirveli cdiT es gan-
zraxva ver ganaxorciela, Seipyres da ukan daabrunes. meo-red gaiq-
ca, ganjaSi Sexvda gorel kaWkaWiSvils, romelsac motyuebiT Ta-
visi batonis, givi TumaniSvilis, wisqvili mihyida. es sakiTxi Semde-
gSi sasamarTlos gasarCevi gaxda.
264.
5 xec, Hd, #12648.
270
ymebi gorSi, albaT, mxolod isini ar iyvnen sagamyrelo wignSi
rom arian dasaxelebuli. ar viciT ramdeni yma ergoT Taya da
birTvel TumaniSvilebs.
TumaniSvilebis magaliTze SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom davTris
monacemebi arasrulia. TumaniSvilebis qoneba, adgil-mamulebi
da ymebi drois ganmavlobaSi matulobda da ar klebulobda.
davTarSi ki sruliad sawinaaRmdego tendenciasTan gvaqvs sa-
qme.
XVIII s. dasawyisSi gorSi yvelaze mravalricxovani iyo
ymebis is kategoria, romelic davTarSi boganod iwodeba.
arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT Znelia boganos socialuri
da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis zustad dadgena. sulxan-sabas
ganmartebiT, `bogano _ uagarako glexi~ an àgarak-mcire
glexi~, e.i. umamulo, xelmokle glexi iyo. ra Tqma unda, es
ganmartebani soflis mosaxleobis erT nawils Seexeba. `bogano
Tavdapirvelad axlad mosul glexs unda rqmeoda, romelic
Raribi iyo `mkvidr~ glexebTan SedarebiT. Semdeg ki `mkvidr~
glexTa nawilsac unda swodeboda bogano, roca qonebrivad
gaboganovda es glexi _ e.i. daemsgavsa am axlad mosul
glexs, rogorc uflebrivad ise ekonomiuradac1. wyaroebSi,
radgan qalaqis mosaxleobis nawilze gadmotanilia sofli-
saTvis damaxasiaTebeli erT-erTi termini, gamodis, rom qala-
qis bogano Tavisi mdgomareobiT soflis boganos uaxlovde-
boda. qalaqSi boganos gaCena dakavSirebuli unda iyos sofl-
idan Tavis nebiT an ZaliT gadmosaxlebul glexobasTan.
qalaqSi isini ZiriTadad kvlav sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobiT
iyvnen dakavebulni.
xelisufleba boganoebs amreziT rom uyurebda, metyvelebs
mosaxleobis aRweris davTris cnobebi, sadac isini, xSirad,
mxolod saxeliT moixseniebian: `bogano berua, bogano kidev
berua, bogano ivane, bogano osefa, bogano pata, tatia~ da sxv.
isic sainteresoa, rom davTarSi dasaxelebuli xelosnebi
(oris garda: mRebari mamuliSvili da daTuna kalatozi) yve-
lani boganoebi iyvnen: `bogano mexlme giorgi, bogano mWedeli
nasyida, bogano xuro daTuna, bogano xarazi muradaSvili,
1 jamburia g., qarTuli feodaluri urTierTobis istoriidan (somxiT-
sabaraTianos saTavadoebi), Tb., 1955, gv. 122-123.
271
bogano maWaraZe xabazi gogia, bogano mWedeli ivane, bogano
koWli xuro, bogano saraji mRTisa, bogano Turina mWedeli,
bogano mWedeli oTia~. boganoebi iyvnen, agreTve, mejore
qudirjiaSvili giorgi da menaxire papuna.
davTarSi dasaxelebulia 194 bogano. magram gaurkevevlia
maTi komlobrivi da Tundac ojaxuri mdgomareoba. ar Cans sad
iyo maTi ojaxebi, gorSi Tu sxvagan. ramdenadac boganoebi
gaTavisuflebulni iyvnen mTeli rigi gadasaxadebisa da
valdebulebebisagan, maSin gasagebia, Tu ratom ar SehqondaT
davTarSi maTi komlebi. `samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa~ pirdapir
acxadebs: `risac an aznaurisa, an glexisa patronni iyvnen,
umamulo, boganos gardaisad yvela mefis mdivans aanusxvinon,
iangariSon~1. komli xom iseT ojaxs aRniSnavda, romelsac
gaaCnda saxl-kari, miwa, venaxi. venaxs gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-
loba hqonda. `venaxis mqones glexs bogano ara hqvian, ragind
sxva mamuli naklebad hqondes~, acxadebs igive `samarTali~.
iqidanve vigebT Tu vin iTvleboda boganod: `bogano amas hqvian,
rome venaÃi ara hqondes, TiTo saxli da rComis alagi eqnebis,
da miwa eqnebis an ara~2. rogorc Cans, Tavisi ekonomiuri mdgo-
mareobiT bogano SeiZleba yofiliyo Raribi (hqoneboda saxli
da miwa) da yofiliyo Rakati (hqoneboda mxolod `rComis
alagi~, miwis gareSe). riTi gahqondaT maT Tavi, amisi Tqma
Znelia. goris boganoTa nawili, albaT, iyvnen `cxenebis mwmen-
davebi, mzareulebi, maRaziebis noqrebi, aqlemebis marekni da
sxva msgavsi xalxi~, zizRiT ixseniebda don pietro avitabile3.
cnobil mcireoden werilobiT wyaroebze dayrdnobiT SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, rom bogano ar iyo glexi. vaxtang VI-is samar-
Tali Tu arapirdapir ambobs amis Sesaxeb, goris qeTxudebis
saCivarSi ki aseTi formulirebaa: `glexkacis jarima rom boga-
nozed ar aris~4.
1 samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa. teqsti daadgina, gamokvleva da

saZieblebi daurTo i. doliZem, Tb., 1981, gv. 212.
2 samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa. gv. 213.
3 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 53-54.
4 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis Zeglebi, II, gv.
143.
272
rodis da ratom momravldnen boganoebi gorSi?
vfiqrob, es unda momxdariyo XVI s. miwurulsa da XVII
saukuneSi, rodesac samefo xelisufleba qarTlSi Seqmnili
politikuri viTarebis gamo, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uT-
mobda goris aRdgenasa da ekonomikur gaZlierebas. winamorbed
periodSi gori mravaljer daingra da, bunebrivia, misi mosa-
xleoba uaRresad Semcirda. aseT viTarebaSi samefo xelisuf-
leba iseT RonisZiebas mimarTavda, rogoricaa sxva adgile-
bidan ymebis ayra da maTi gorSi Casaxleba. ra Tqma unda iseT
ymebs ayridnen, romlebmac sxvadasxva mizniT dakarges meurne-
obis gaZRolis unari. axalmosaxleni, Tavdapirvelad ekono-
miurad sustni, TandaTanobiT saqalaqo cxovrebaSi ebmebodnen
(xels hkidebdnen vaWrobas an xelosnobas), an Zveleburad
soflis meurneobas ubrundebodnen. ase rom goris vaWar-
xelosanTa umravlesoba boganoTa STamomavalni iyvnen. amitom,
XVIII s. Sua xanebidan, boganos naklebad vxedavT gorSi. XIX s.
dasawyisis statistikur monacemebSi aRarc erTi bogano ar
Cans, magram es srulebiTac ar gamoricxavs maSindel gorSi
maT arsebobas. samagierod, XVIII s. meore naxevridan gorSi
mravlad arian xiznebi.
x i z a n i glexTa iseTi kategoria iyo, romelic piradi
TavisuflebiT sargeblobda da imdenad iyo damokidebuli fe-
odalze, ramdenadac misi mamuliT sargeblobda.
qarTul wyaroebSi xizani IX saukunidan gvxvdeba, magram
gorSi mxolod XVIII s. dasasrulidan Cans vaWar-xelosanTa
saxiT. xiznebi, sxvadasxva mizeziT, TavianTi samkvidro adgi-
lebidan aiyarnen da samudamod gorSi dasaxldnen.
aRweris davTarSi dasaxelebulia ramdenime komli: alidan
_ 4 (manuCara, xuceTi, gabriela, beJana), imereTidan _ 1
(pataSvili nasyida), rexeli _ 1 (daviTa), oRozeli _ 1 (xosias
Svili), sveneli _ 1 (papa). eseni sxvadasxva dros xiznebad unda
mosuliyvnen gorSi.
1766 w. ganCinebaSi dasaxelebulni arian axalsofleli
TaTriSvili berua, xizani Saluta javaxi da xizani elia
javaxi1. gorSi gaixizna da iqve dasaxlda Tbiliseli yasabi1.
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, sab. 854; qarTuli samarTlis

Zeglebi, IV, gv. 524.
273
gorSi xiznad idgnen eCmiaZinis ymebi Torozas Svilebi, magram
gadasaxadebisagan Sewuxebulni ruiss gadasaxldnen2.
wyaroebis naklebobis gamo, mxolod ramdenime xiznis dasa-
xeleba SevZeliT, maSin, roca, rogorc XIX s. dasawyisis erT-
erTi statistikuri amonakrebidan Cans, am qalaqSi xizanTa 98
komli cxovrobda3.
feodaluri aristokratia
gvianfeodaluri goris cxovrebaSi garkveul gavlenas

axdendnen gabatonebuli klasis warmomadgenlebi. marTalia,
isini mudmivad qalaqSi ar cxovrobdnen, magram imdenad, ram-
denadac gorSi hyavdaT TavianTi ymebi, vaWar-xelosnebi, hqon-
daT sasaxleebi, duqnebi, baRebi da a.S., gulgrili mayurebeli
ver iqnebodnen qalaqSi mimdინare ambebisa da, rasakvirvelia,
masSi Carevas cdilobdnen. feodaluri aristokratiis gavlena
goris saqalaqo cxovrebaze mainc susti iyo. is samefo qalaqi
iyo da moqalaqeni uSualod ukavSirdebod-nen samefo xeli-
suflebas. marTalia, mefe feodalTa zogierTi warmomadgenlis
meSveobiT ganagebda qalaqs, magram feodali-moxele mainc Sez-
Ruduli iyo.
samefo kars gorSi ekuTvnoda sasaxle, mamulebi, duqnebi,
saxlebi da sasaxle adgilebi, abano, saagure, `sakurdRle
Wala~. mefe epatroneboda naoxar saxl-karsa da kar-midamos4.
mefe da misi ojaxis wevrebi weliwadis garkveul dros gorSi
atarebdnen. ufro metic, es qalaqi zogjer mefeTa rezidenciac
iyo. aseT dros feodaluri aristokratiis Careva qalaqis
mmarTvelobaSi, batonis Zaladoba ymebisadmi, ufro Zlierde-
boda.
mefis umaRlesi moxele qalaqis mmarTvelobaSi _ mouravi
_ mudmivad gorSi ar cxovrobda, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 449, davT. 16, sab. 17;

2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 427;
143.
274
Tavisi sasaxle hqonda da ymebic hyavda. amilaxvrebis mudmivi
rezidencia WalaSi iyo.
XVIII s. damlevs, roca mouravma gorSi daido bina, gore-
lebis azriT, aqedan daiwyo maTi ubedureba. isini katego-
riulad moiTxovdnen mouravs Tavisi funqcia kvlav Walidan
Seesrulebina.
gorSi TavianTi ymebi hyavdaT da sasaxleebic hqondaT qsni-
sa da aragvis erisTavebs, magram isini qalaqs iSviaTad stum-
rebdnen. rac Seexeba wvril feodalebs _ aznauarebs, kerZod
garsevaniSvilebs da TumaniSvilebs, TavianTi interesebiTY
qalaqis aristokratiasTan erTiandebodnen. aznaurTa nak-
leboba SedarebiT aiolebda goris moqalaqeTa mdgomarebas.
valdebulebani
goris mosaxleobis socialuri mdgomareoba, misi mova-

leobani da movaleobaTa Sesrulebis xarisxi fiqsirebuli iyo
specialur wignSi _ `goris davTarSi~, romelsac mamasaxlisi
da qedxudebi inaxavdnen. davTari xangrZlivi drois ganmav-
lobaSi moqmedebda. 1771 wlis ganCinebaSi, raTa Tavisi gore-
loba daemtkicebina, erTma mRebriSvilma ganacxada: `ruisidam
mamaCemi ayrilao, gors mosulao... davTarSic dawerilao... ra
mamaCemi aq gors mosulao samoci weliwadi iqnebao~1.
wyaroebSi gvxvdeba specialuri wigni _ `xarjis davTrebi~,
romelSic aRiricxeboda moqalaqeTa araordinaluri xarjebi:
sapatio stumris samaspinZlo, mSeneblobaTa Tu sxvaTa gamo
gamoRebuli naturaluri da fuladi gadasaxadebi. 1668 wlis
ganCinebaSi goris mamasaxlisma da qedxudebma mosamarTleebs
ganucxades: `mefis vaxtangis dros xarjis davTrebica gva-
qvso~2. `goris davTrebsa~ da `xarjis davTrebs~ rom Cvenamde
moeRwia, ganuzomlad bevri gvecodineboda am qalaqis warsuli
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb.
mwarmoebeli mosaxleobis sagadasaxado tvirTis simZimis
Sesaxeb sainterso cnobebia daculi 1728 wels osmalebis mier
Sedgenil sagadasaxado davTarSi, rac sagulisxmos xdis, rom
1
xec, Hd, #14734.
2
saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, sab. 2144.
275
mosaxleobaს arc sxva mter-moyvare aZlevda dalxinebiT cxov-
rebis saSulebas.
osmalebma gorelebs mravali saxis gadasaxadi daakisres.
ibegreboda qalaqSi Semotanili yvela saxis saqoneli, rac
mZime tvirTad unda daswoloda isedac ekonomiurad SeWir-
vebul mosaxleobas. Tavdapirvelad gavecnoT gadasaxadebis
CamonaTvals (savaraudoa, zogierTi maTgani tradiciuli iyo
da òsmalobamdec~ arsebobda), Semdeg ki Sevecdebi, SeZlebis-
da gvarad, gavarkvio maTi raoba.
ìsfenji kaci 448 TiToeuls 120, axCa 53760; xorbali qila
300 axCa 4500; qeri qila 300 axCa 4500; fetvi qila 200 axCa 3000;
uSris gadasaxadi venaxze, donumi 150, TToeuls 40 axCa 6000;
gadasaxadi erboze 4500; gadasaxadi Tivaze 560; arusanes1 gada-
saxadi 380; uSris gadasaxadi sabostne miwaze 5200; deSTibani2;
miwaze Tafus3 gadasaxadi 500; gadasaxadi Rorze 3000;
gadasaxadi cxvarze 5500; uSris gadasaxadi xilze 900
gadasaxadi muraxxasie gabranze4, TiToeul saxlze 2-2, 800
1
arusanes axdevinebdnen rogorc qristian, ise musliman mosaxleob-
as, magaram gansxvavebuli odenobiT: qristianebs 60 axCas, musli-
manebs 30-s. Cildiris vilaieTis mokle (ijmal) davTari, gv. 147
2
deSTibani Sedioda velze dawesebuli gadasaxadi. gorgaZe n.,
osmaluri gadasaxadebi da valdebulebani qsnisa da aragvis
xeobaSi, gv. 425. gorisaTvis igi Seadgenda 500 axCas.
3
Tafu iyo memkvidreobiT miRebuli miwis flobisaTvis da sargeblo-
bis gadasaxadi. Cildiris vilaieTis mokle (ijmal) davTari, gv. 217.
4
muraxxasie gabranis gadasaxadi arsebobda Cildiris vilaieTSic da
igi igive raodenobisa iyo, rogorc gorSi _ TiToeul saxlze 2-2
axCas. Cildiris vilaieTis mokle (ijmal) davTari. Turquli teqsti,
qarTuli TargmaniT, SesavliT, SeniSvnebiTa da faqsimileebiT
gamosacemad moamzades mirian maxaraZem da n. Sengeliam, Tb., 2008,
gv. 42. gorSi muraxasies jami 800 axCas Seadgenda. s. jiqias
varaudiT, ìgi unda iyos aramuslimi samRvdelo pirebisaTvis Se-
werili gadasaxadi. igi mxolod qristiani mamakacebisagan gaiReboda
sxvadasxva odenobiT. yvelaze didi _ 48 yuruSi iyo, saSualo _ 24,
mcire _ 12 yuruSi. es gadasaxadi iyo yovelwliuri, romelsac
ixdida Tavisufali Timar (Timari _ samxedro samsaxurisTvis gace-
muli miwis nakveTi) isfenjis sanacvlod~. am varauds iziareben m.
maxaraZe da n. Sengelia.
276
wisqvili Tvali 26 sruli wliT, gadasaxadi 2960
Semosavali muslimTa arusanesi da mustafazebisa1 da
azabebisa TviT gorSi 1000
badihava2, jerum jibaieT, iava ve kaCkun3, beiTalmali, ame ve
xase, mali gaif mali mefkud4, dimedieT 10 000
Semosavali CatvirTvaze 1000
Semosavali subaSiliqze 3000
gadasaxadi sasworis mwonavebze, didi sasworis special-
istebTan, cxvarTan da qilis sawyaoebTan 5000
ihTisabi ihzarie saqonlis SefasebiT Rirebulebaze 2000
gadasaxadi mtkvarze gadebul gadasasvlel xidze 2000
gadasaxadi cxvris yasabebze, rodesac gadasaxdeli iqneba,
yovel cxvarze TiTo-TiTo axCa aiReba, yoveli saqonldan or-
ori fara aiReba.
jami 1000
Semosavali samRebroebidan 600
wisqvilis meanabre, Tvali 2, gadasaxadi 1200.
baJi goris bazarze 1000.
fuZis gadasaxadi iuqidan oTxi fara, satvirTo sazidis iu-
qidan 16 fara baJis gadasaxadi aiReba. axalcixidan, Tbilisi-
dan SemosulTagan da garSemo teritoriebidan Semosuli adgi-
lebidan: sasarCule masala, bamba, brinjis iuqidan, sakvebis
iuqidan 10 fara da saxvadsaxva iuqidan 20 cali aiReba. rkinis
iuqidan 10 cali cxvris baJi, 1000 cxvridan 10 axCa aiReba, Zro-
xisa da kameCis, meCalvadreTagan, saxedarTagan 2-2 fara aiReba.
1
mustafazi _ iyo Timaris safuZvelze arsebuli laSqari, romelsac
evaleboda cixisa da sxva gamagrebuli adgilis dacva.
2
badi hava _ haerze gadasaxadi, romelSic gaerTianebuli iyo mrava-
li saxis gadasaxadi. Cildiris vilaieTis mokle (ijmal) davTari,
gv. 149.
3
iava ve kaCkun _ upatronod darCenili glexi da saqoneli. iqve.
4
mali gaif ewodeboda sikvdilis piras misuli adamianis qonebis
mdgomareobas, Tu vis unda gadascemoda igi. igi xeluxlebeli iyo
misi patronis mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi. am qonebas
meorenairad mali mefkudi ewodeboda. Cildiris vilaieTis mokle
(ijmal) davTari, gv. 149.
277
mosulTagan xelaxla aRwera uwindebulad arsebulis safuZve-
lze xdeba.
jami 10 000.
saerTo jami 146 860~1.
gorelebis osmalebisadmi valdebulebebis upirvelesyov-
lisa moixseneba 448 ìsfenji kaci”. TiToeuli maTgani mtkiced
dadgenil gadasaxads _ 120 axCas ixdida rac, wliurad
Seadgenda 53 760 axCas.
gorelebs Sewerili hqondaT gadasaxadi xorbalze, qerze,
Wvavze, fetvze, erboze, Tivaze, Rorze, cxvarze, xilze da sxv.
dokumentis mixedviT, goris nayofieri miwebze gaSenebuli
venaxebi, baRebi da bostnebi muslimanebis xelSi iyo.
goris mimdebare teritoriaze arsebuli velebis sxvadasxva
farTis mflobelebi arian: 1 dRiuris mflobelebi _ rostom
gabrielis Ze da gurgiCa; 2 dRiuris mflobelebi _ gabrieli,
gurgiCa, babuna, barami, amirani, qaixosro, qitesa, daviTi,
gurgiCa, mime xani, farsadani, gorgiCa, bero, Tamazi, sulxani,
estate, giorgi, farsadani, kadri, avTandili, dolmazi,
goderZi, avTandili, estate, dolmazi, gorgiCa; 3 dRiuris
mflobelebi _ avTandili, babuna, gurgiCa, farsadani, roste-
vani, barami; 4 dRiuri _ Tarjiman farsadani; 5 dRiuri _
Tumani; 6 dRiuri _ avTandili; giorgi divani _ 8 dRiuri.
velebis mflobelebi ar ixdian uSris, isini qristianebi
arian, maT mier dakavebuli miwis farTi aRiniSneba qarTuli
dRiuriT da ara osmaluri donumiT. Sainteresoa, isini romel
socialur fenas ganekuTvnebian.
uZrav qonebas wisqvilebis saxiT flobdnen: 2 Tvals _ gor-
giCa avTandila, geneba ohanis Ze, givi ramazis Ze, abdallah
iuzbaSi, Tuman mWedeli, farsadani, Tarjimani farsadani, do-
lmazi, avTandili; 3 Tvali _ sulxanis Ze; 4 Tvali _ avaqis.
`wisqvili Tvali 26 sruli wliT, gadasaxadi 2960~2. maSa-
sadame erTi wlis gadasaxads erT Tval wiqvilze Seadgenda
113,8 axCa. calkea aRniSnuli `wisqvilis meanabre, Tvali 2, ga-
dasaxadi 1200~2.
1 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, gv. 448-4401
2
iqve, gv. 444-448.
2
iqve, gv. 449.
278
gorelebi am yvelafris flobisa da moxmarebisavis, gadasa-
xadis saxiT ixdidnen 172.420 axCas.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulTan erTad, gorelebis gadasaxade-
bSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas 1730-1732 wlebSi Seqmnili
sami osmaluri dokumentis monacemebic.
Tbilissa da gorSi arsebobda `saijaro gadasaxadi tyve-
ebze mexuTedis saxiT. gadasaxdelia 1138. daiwera 1138 (1726 _
e.m.) wels. yuruSi esedi1 666,5 da fara 20~. rogorc Cans, es ga-
dasaxadi ijariT gaicemoda2.
qonebiT gamorCeulebi dasaxelebuli 34 pirovneba ar im-
yofeba gorel 449 qristians Soris.
aseTia `1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTaris~
qarTuli Targmanis mokle Sinaarsi da zogierTi is siaxle,
romelic qarTulma dokumentebma ar Semogvinaxa.
*
goris mwarmoebeli mosaxleoba _ vaWari, xelosani, glexi,
sxvadasxva saxis valdebulebas ixdida. maSindeli kanonmde-
bloba valdebulebebs or mTavar nawilad yofda: saero (saxe-
lmwifo da sabatono) da saeklesio. saxelmwifo gadasaxadebi,
rogorc wesi, qalaqze biTumad midioda da Semdeg mamasaxlisi
moqalaqeebze anawilebda, maTi socialuri mdgomareobisa da
qonebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
saero da saeklesio ymebis movaleobani, rogorc erekle II-
is ganCinebidan Cans, mtkiced ar iyo dadgenili, rac am ori
kategoriis ymebSi davas iwvevda. amitom 1757 w. gamocemul iqna
samefo ganCineba: `q. goreli Cveni saxaso ymani da kaTalikozis
ymani TaveTis saTxovarsa da gamosaRebzed erTmaneTs elapa-
rakebodnen. amaTi gamosaRebis saqme ase gvibrZanebia: Tu
sabatono saTxovari ram eTxovebodaT da sabatonod gamoer-
TmeodesT, Cvenma saxasom kacma, rom mTeli li-tra gamoiRos,
amisma yadrma kacma kaTalikozis ymaman naxevari litra gamo-
iRos. am sabatonos saTxovarSi asre moudgebodnen TavTavis
SeZlebiT, amitom rom naxevari amaTi samsaxuric rac iqneba
1 yuruSi esedi _ monetis erT-erTi saxeoba, romlis odenoba cvale-

badi iyo.
2 sami osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisaTvis, gv, 13-14.
279
batons kaTalikozs unda msaxuron da amas garda Tu erTi
aseTi ram saqveynoT mosaxmareblaT SeewerebodesT da eTxo-
vebodesT, rom qveyanas moexmarebodes, es jari amgvari amisi
xarji saxasom Tu kaTalikozis kacma TavTavis SeZlebiT Tu
SeuZlebelic Tavisasa SeZlebiT, ase swored gamoiRon, rac ram
feri am rigi xarji SevardebodesT da eTxovebodesT, Tu
ucxos qveynis stumari mouvidodesT, an mosaqme, imaTi xarjic
amav rigaT unda gamoiRon. esec ase gvibrZanebia, Tu Cvens yma,
saxaso kacs gorSi kaTalikozis ymis miwa da venaxi eyidnos,
ra osmalo qarTlSi mosuliyos, mas aqeT osmalobas Tu yi-
zilbaSobas, dRes aqamdis imisi miwis Rala da venaxis kuluxi
kaTalikozs unda miscen da Tu saxasos kacisagan kaTalikozis
kacs da ymas uyidnia miwa, Tu venaxi, imisi miwis Rala da
venaxis kuluxi saCvenoT unda gamoerTvas da miscemodnen~1.
mefis am RonisZiebis mizani, rogorc moyvanili amonari-
didan Cans, sabatono da saeklesio (sakaTalikoso) ymebis
eqsploataciis normis gaTanabreba iyo. ganCineba gorisaTvis
iyo Sedgenili, rac am qalaqSi Seqmnil gansakuTrebul viTa-
rebaze metyvelebs. Cvenamde moRweul saeklesio ymebis mraval
saCivarSi aRniSnulia im Seviwroebis Sesaxeb, rasac isini
goris xelisufalTagan ganicdidnen. maT aiZulebdnen sabatono
movaleobanic moexadaT. saeklesio ymaTa mdgomareobaze vrc-
lad SevCerdebi goris eklesiaze saubrisas.
saxelmwifo valdebulebebSi pirvel adgilze sakomli ga-
mosaRebi _ maxta idga, romelsac qalaqis mosaxleoba fulis
saxiT, xolo sofeli puriT ixdida. maxtas ar ixdidnen qvriv-
oblebi, saeklesio da sabatono ymebi, qalaqSi mosaxle
Tavadebi da aznaurebi. gorelebis mier maxtis gadaxdaze sxva
araviTari cnoba ar gvaqvs garda daviT batoniSvilis naTq-
vamisa, rom goric ixdida maxtas. amitom ar SegviZlia vilapa-
rakoთ am gadasaxadis raodenobaze an moqalaqeTa Soris misi
ganawilebis principze.
goris mosaxleobis valdebulebani `dasturlamalaSia~
CamoTvlili da maTze SevaCerebT yuradRebas.
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 227, sab. 904.
280
`dasturlamalSi~ goris mosaxloebis movaleobani iwyeba
imiT, rom `laSqroba aZes, rodesac batons eWirebis da ubr-
Zanebs, Torem ise maggvars gadgomazed ar daeZaxebis~1. mar-
Talia laSqroba mudmivi samxedro begara ar iyo, igi
saWiroebis da mixedviT ewyoboda, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
gviandeli feodalizmis dros saqarTvelos sagareo da saSi-
nao mdgomareobas, maSin gasagebi iqneba, rom goris mosax-
leobis dabali fenebisaTvis `laSqroba~ sistematur xasiaTs
atarebda. `laSqroba~ dasturlamalSi Tu SedarebiT msubuqi
Cans, XVIII s. meore naxevridan, kerZod, erekle II-is mefobis
xanaSi, uaRresad samZimo gaxda. ereklem 1755 w. TavisTvis
`mudam saxleblad monacvle laSqris kaci~ Seawera Sida qar-
Tls. gors or TveSi erTxel unda gaeyvana 4 cxenosani da 2
qveiTi2. qalaqi pasuxs agebda laSqarSi daklebuli TiToeuli
kacisaTvis. 1767 w. brZanebaSi jarSi daklebuli kacebis
darbevis Taobaze naTqvamia: `rogorc amaSi gvebrZanebinos ase
unda dairbes da yvelas uklebliv gamoerTvas es TeTri...
goridam aklia kaci p (80 _ e. m.), amis naxevari iqneba m. iqneba
TeTri Teqvsmeti Tumani~3. maSasadame, mefem TiToeuli
daklebuli kacisTvis 2 maneTi jarima Seawera qalaqs, rac im
droisaTvis sakmaod didi Tanxa iyo.
erekle II-m 1787 w. 5 noembers oTar amilaxvars Tavis sasar-
dloSi jaris Sekreba da TbilisSi Cayvana ubrZana. mefis
brZanebiT, goridan 14 kaci unda gasuliyo laSqarSi4. manve 1789
w. TebervalSi yarabaRSi gasagzavn jarSi goridan 12 kaci
daibara5.
jarSi dabarebulni daniSnulebis adgilze, TavianTi sur-
saT-sanovagiT unda gamocxadebuliyvnen. 1787 w. ereklem oTar
amilaxvars ubrZana: `visac am siiT Tqvens sasardlos kaci
eweros, kai yoCaRi kaci, am xuTs dRezed unda garigebino da
1
2
javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos, ekonomikuri istoriis Zeglebi, II, gv.
101.
3
iqve, gv. 104-105.
4
iqve, gv. 149.
5
iqve, gv. 156.
281
erTi kviris nuzliT aq, qalaqs (Tbilisi _ e. m.) Semogvyri da
erTs kviris ukan Cven karg sursaTs mivcemT~1.
ra Tqma unda, aseTi SemTxvevebi, rogorc manamde, ise mis
Semdegac mravali iyo. mebrZols Tavisi sursaTiT da SeiaraRe-
biT samxedro samsaxuris moxda mZime tvirTad awveboda. Tu ga-
viTvaliswinebT maSindel viTarebas _ osmalebis, yizilbaSeb-
is, lekebis Semosevebs, arcTu iSviaTad feodalur SuRls,
gorelebs xSirad uxdebodaT sxvadasxva raodenobiT (saWiro-
ebisda mixedviT) mebrZolebze, iaraRsa da sursaTze zrunva.
radgan samxedro valdebulebaze vlaparakobT, aqve unda
iTqvas qalaqSi jaris Cayenebis simZimis Sesaxebac. araferi rom
ar vTqvaT xSiri omebis Tu omis saSiSroebis dros qarTvelTa
jaris gorSi Cayenebaze, aucileblad unda SevexoT ucxoelTa
jaris Senaxvis valdebulebas, rasac samefo xelisufleba
goris mosaxleobas akisrebda.
daqiravebuli jari xSirad ise moqmedebda qalaqSi, rog-
orc dampyrobeli. avitabiles cocxlad aqvs aRwerili 1630-ian
wlebSi yizilbaSTa TareSi gorSi, aRniSnavs dedaSvilis
gaupatiurebis SemTxvevas da a.S.2
dokumentebidan Cans, rom ucxoelni valdebulni iyvnen
yvelaferi, rac ki daWirdebodaT, TavianTi fuliT SeeZinaT,
magram isini xSirad Zaladobas da pirdapir Zarcvas mimar-
Tavdnen. 1771 w. danaxarjis nusxaSi, romelic cxinvalSi unda
iyos Sedgenili, rusi jaris Cadgomis Sedegi asea Sejamebuli:
àmas garda Cvens qveyanaSi aRarc darCa venaxis sari, aRarc
Robe, aRarc venaxis jalji da aRarc ubralo saxli dauq-
ceveli, rom ar daaqcies da dawves... rac qurdobiTa moipares,
imis esmas vin aiRebs~3.
adre ukve aRiniSna im siZneleebze, rac Tan axlda avRan-
elTa jaris gorSi Cayenebas 1747 w. goris meliqis farsadanis
mier Teimuraz II-sadmi gagzavnili arzidan Cans, rom qalaqi
valdebuli iyo ucxoelTa jari uzrunveleyo yvelaferi auci-
lebeliT. marTalia, meliqi mxolod binebisa da bzis nakle-
1
iqve, gv. 418.
2
don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 33.
3
108.
282
blobaze Civis (àmaTi sayofi saxli gors ar aris... bzis
wyalobiTac gviyaviT... dReSi oTxas ormocda aTi litras
bzesYTxouloben~1), magram maT sxvac bevri ram WirdebodaT.
goris mosaxleobas, msgavsad qarTlis sxva qalaqebis
mosaxleobisa, mZime tvirTad daawva ruseTis jaris Senaxva.
erekle II ninia favleniSvils ubrZanebda: àm siiT es jarebi
ase unda daayeno: Tivasa da bzes TeTriT iyidian, sursaTi
TavianTi eqnebaT, SeSa da sanaTi saxlis patronebisa unda iyos
da sxva rac xoragi moundes, isic Tavisis fasiT mihyidon...
gorma Seinaxos kaci qveiTi orasi~2. brZanebaSi TiTqos
gaTvaliswinebulia yvelaferi, magram sinamdvileSi, ras niSnav-
da jaris Cayeneba im dros, sayovelTaod cnobilia.
xelisufleba mosaxleobas aiZulebda dadgenili odeno-
biTa da gansazRvrul dros `rusis jaris sursaTi visac Ses-
werebodes es ase ukleblad unda gamoiRon~. erekle II-is brZa-
nebiT gorelebs 33 xarvari da 39 kodi (daaxloebiT 730 fuTi)
marcvali TbilisSi unda CaetanaT3.
qarTl-kaxeTis qalaqebi ixdidnen e.w. salekos . es gadasa-
xadi miznad isaxavda lekTa Tavdasxmebis mosagerieblad
RonisZiebebis gatarebas. saleko gadasaxadi gorSi TiToeuli
komlidan 30 Saursa da 1,5 kod xorbals Seadgenda4. mefe
imdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWebda am gadasaxadს, rom roca
1781 w. Tbilisisa da goris kaTolikeni xarjisa da ga-
mosaRebisagan gaaTavisufla, mxolod ori _ saleko da
morigis gamosaRebi dautova5.
saxelmwifos mier samxedro saqmesTan dakavSirebiT dadge-
nili gadasaxadebisa da movaleobis garda, moqalaqeebs gauT-
valiswinebeli xarjebic hqondaT. saxlTuxucesma ioane
muxranbatonma 1789 w. 29 noembers goris mamasaxlis zurabs da
qedxudebs mosTxova: `Cven aq xidisTavs movediT, jari diax
1
saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 460, #499.
2
javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriis Zeglebi, II, gv.
162.
3
iqve, gv. 144-145.
4
iqve, gv. 144.
5
saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, 148; TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTo-
likobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 397-398.
283
damaSvralni da Tovlisagan damZralni arian da mSiernic.
rasakvirvelia, axla Tqven erTobiT orasi Tungi maWari da
ori aTasi gamomcxvari puri amaRamve Tu aq jars ar mouvida,
aras gziT ar iqneba~1.
goris mosaxleoba ixdida sursaTis gadasaxadsac. erekle
II-is mier oTar amilaxvarisadmi gagzavnili werilidan Cans,
rom gorsa da cxinvals unda daemzadebina 150 xarvari
sursaTi2. XVIII s. dasasrulis erTi nusxis mixedviT, goris
mosaxleoba valdebuli iyo gadaexada 200 kodi puri3, xolo
1787 w. brZanebiT ki 25 xarvari da 45 kodi4.
`dasturlamalidan~ vigebT, rom gorelebi ixdidnen mals .
`goris gamosaRebis rigisaSi~. naTqvamia: àmave (gorelebs _ e.
m.) aZes mali Tavzed axal naqorwilevs sami abazi, erT
weliwads ukan Tavzed eqvsi abazi eTxoebis, sanamdis daberde.
raxan daberdebis aRar eTxovebis~5. rogorc Cans, mamakaci,
ojaxis Seqmnamde, mals ar ixdida. daqorwinebis Semdeg, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi mxolod 3 abazi iyo gadasaxadi, xolo am
droidan moyolebuli daberebamde 6 abazi6.
moRweuli masalebiT Tu vimsjelebT, qarTl-kaxeTis same-
fos arsebobis bolo periodSi, malis gamosaRebi kvlav 6 aba-
zi iyo, magram igi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gadasaxads
ki aRar warmoadgenda, aramed mefis ojaxis wevrebis Semo-
savlis wyarod gadaiqca. rogorc dedofali darejani werda,
igi gorSi mcxovrebi Tavisi 24 komlidan malis saxiT wliurad
24 maneTs iRebda7.
1
dokumentebi, II, gv. 154, #244
2
saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1448, sab. 378.
3
xec, Hd, #8148.
4
157.
5
6
surgulaZe iv., saxelmwifo gadasaxadebi qarTlis samefoSi me-18 s.
dasawyisSi // saq. mecn. akademia, ekonomikis institutis Sromebi, II,
1952, gv. 337-377.
7
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I с. 214, №179.
284
rogorc adre (XVIII s. dasawy.), axlac malis 6 abazidan 5
abazi batonisa iyo, 2 Sauri amilaxvars ekuTvnoda, 2 Sauri
saxlTuxucess, mdivnebs da mamasaxliss unawildeboda1.
samefo xazinaSi mniSvnelovani Tanxa Sedioda goris yasab-
xanidan. yasabxanis gadasaxadi wesdeboda TiToeul gayidul
pirutyvze: cxenze _ 1 abazi, Zroxaze _ 2 Sauri, cxvarze _ 1
Sauri. am gadasaxadidan miRebuli saerTo Tanxa Seadgenda 1-3
Tumans, romlis meaTedi amilaxvrisa iyo2.
qalaqis mosaxleobas mZime tvirTad awva e.w. xelmwifis
feSqaSi , romelic iranis SahisaTvis qal-vaJebisa da sxva
misarTmevebis SesaZeni Tanxis Segrovebas gulisxmobda3. `das-
turlamalidan~ vigebT, rom feSqaSis Tanxa gorSi 12 Tumans
Seadgenda~4.
goris moqalaqeTa valdebulebebisa da gamosaRebTa mra-
valferovnebaze saintereso cnobebs Seicavs `julabaSvilebis
davTari~, igi, marTalia, erTi ojaxis mdgomareobas gvacnobs
XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi, magram msgavs mdgomareobaSi unda
yofiloyo sxva ojaxebic rogorc imave periodSi, aseve war-
sulSi da SemdgomSic.
ruseTidan dabrunebuli papuna julabaSvili 1752 w. 24
maiss werda: àm Tarixidam (1754 w. 6 seqtembramde _ e. m.) rac
saxelmwifo xarji migvicia sul amis qveiT sweria:
(1 abazi)5 s. q. sayaraulo miveciT.
(6 Sauri) t. q. kidev Tevzias-Svils miveciT.
(1 minalTuni da 2 abazi) C. q. osebisaTvis gamomarTves
leini b (2).
(3 abazi) q. q. kidev miveciT sursaTi lominanT isias kodi a
(1).
(1 minalTuni) C. q. kidev miveciT TeTris Tevzias-Svilsa.
1
dasturlamali, gv. 550-551.
2
iqve, gv. 551.
gv. 243, 245.
4 dasturlamali, davTari, gv. 216.
5 Tanxis aRmniSvneli asoebi gavSifre da mniSvnelobebi frCxilebSi
Cavsvi.
285
(10 Sauri) Cf. q. kidev YoTxmoci Tumani rom moagroves mi-
veci.
(minalTnnaxevari) Cf. q. kidev am TeTrisTvin daaklda _
miveciT.
(2 minalTuni da 3 abazi) cq. q. kidev bolnisis noqrisTvin
miveciT.
(3 abazi) q. q. kidev Tevzias Svils miveciT.
(1 minalTuni da 18 Sauri) CS. q. kidev bolnisis noqrisTvin
miveciT.
(1 minalTuni da 5 Sauri) Csn. q. kidev qalaqs rom TxuTmeti
noqari iTxoes imisTvin miveci.
(3 minalTuni da 4 bisti) Zp. q. kidev mamasaxlisma Tavisi
TeTri da xelmwifis samaspinZlo rom ocdaaTi Tumani moagroa
me gamamarTves.
(14 Sauri) R. q. batonis samaspinZlo mive.
(1 minalTuni da 1 abazi) Cs. q. kidev salaSkro mive.
(6 minalTuni) Cv. q. kidev somxiTis salaSkro mive.
(1 minalTuni) C.q. kidev daviTa rom laSkarSi wavida, noqari
salaSkro daeWira me da mosesaTvin me mive im (W) (5 minalTuni)
noqris TeTri.
q. sursaTi mive puri kodi (3) (6) amis qira urmisa da
saiasaulo mive Cya (1 minalTuni da 9 Sauri) amdeni.
(2 minalTuni da 1 abazi) cs. q. garsevanis-Svili iasaulaT
movida gors lv (36) amodenis Tumnisa me gamamarTves amdeni.
(14 Sauri) R.q. kidev Tevzias-Svils mive.
(6 Sauri) t. kidev mive iovanes.
(1 minalTuni) C. kidev iovanes mive.
(2 minalTuni) c. kidev RarTiskaris salaSkro waiRo
daviTam~1.
araregularuli, magram sakmaod mZime iyo e. w. samaspin-
Zlo , romelsac zogjer fuladi gadaaxadis saxec hqonda.
rostom mefis 1639 w. sigelidan Cans, rom `samaspinZlo~ goris
mosaxleobasac evaleboda2. es gadasaxadi komlobriv ik-
ribeboda. `julabaSvilebis davTridan~ vigebT, rom goris
1 julabaSvilebis davTari, gv. 216.

2 sea, f. 11449, davT. 51, sab. 225.
286
mamasaxlisma 1752 w. `xelmwifis samaspinZlo rom ocdaaTi Tu-
mani moagrova~. imave wels kidev aukrefiaT samaspinZlo. maSa-
sadame, Znelia imis dadgena, wlis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjer da
ra raodenobiT ikribeboda `samaspinZlo~.
saintereso wyaroa samaspinZloze 1791 w. 16 maisidan 6
ivnisamde gorelebis danaxarjis nusxa. sabuTSi dawvrilebiTaa
CamoTvlili kaTalikosisa da batoniSvil aleqsandres zemo
qarTlSi mogzaurobis dros gorelebs ra saxis da ramdeni
`samaspinZlo~ Seaweres1.
goris mosaxleobas unda Seesrulebina, agreTve, begara ,
e.i. fizikurad emuSava Saisevanis (albaT karvis dadgma), xidis
da sasaxlis mSeneblobaze, zvarSi da baRSi, konze2, `Tu
razedac ubrZanon, uars ver ityvian~3.
dasturlamalSi CamoTvlil gorelTaTvis aucilebel
sabegro samuSaoebze, sabuTebis uqonlobis gamo, bevrs vera-
fers vityviT, magram uxvi cnobebi mogvepoveba goris cixis
aRdgeniT samuSaoebze gorelebis monawileobaze XVIII s.
ukanasknel meoTxedSi. am sakiTxs axla aRar Sevexebi, radgan
sakmaod dawvrilebiT ganvixileT `goris cixesTan~
dakavSirebiT.
goris mosaxleobis begაris erT-erT saxes ulayi warmoad-
genda. ulayi, savaraudoa, mefis saWiroebisaTvis sabrZolo
masalis, sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebis Tu sxva bargis
gadatanisaTvis satransporto saSualebebis miwodebas gulis-
xmobda. es rom marTlac ase unda iyos, amaze migviTiTebs
giorgi XI-s mier dadebuli yaiyulis samouraos garigeba. masSi
vkiTxulobT: `mamasaxlisebi am erbos soflis ulayiT Camo-
itandnen~4. maSasadame `dasturlamalis~ cnoba `gors sZes...
atenis Rvinis ulayi~5 gulisxmobs gorelebis mier atenis
Rvinis Cazidvas TbilisSi an iq, sadac mefis survili iqneba.

158-159.
2 sulxan-sabas mixedviT, koni aris `Tevzis sapyrobi~, e.i. faceri.
3 dasturlamali, gv. 551.
4 iqve, gv. 613.
5 iqve, gv. 716.
287
gorelebis mier ùlayis~ begaris gadaxdis pirveli cnoba
XVI s. dasasrulidan gvaqvs.
Tavisebur begaras warmoadgenda ` ti k i da to m a ra ~ , rome-
lic wyaroebSi dasaxelebulia ùlayTan~ erTad, rac imaze
migvaniSnebs, rom gorelebs Rvinisa da marcvleulis gadatanis
dros mefis gankargulebaSi unda gadaecaT rogorc tvirTis
mzidi cxovelebi, ise tikebi da tomrebi.
mefes uxdidnen, agreTve, sxvadasxva wvril-wvril gadasa-
xadebs: sabatono miwiT sargeblobisaTvis _ Ralas , RviniT
gadasaxads _ kuluxs , pirutyvis ZovebisaTvis _ sabalaxes ,
mejinibisaTvis _ samejinibos , bazierebisaTvis _ saba-
zieros , furis erbos 1 . mefis Semosavlis erT-erT wyaros
sxvadasxva saxis jarimebi _ jurumi Seadgenda2.
rogorc davinaxeT, qalaqis mosaxleobis saxelmwifo val-
debulebani sakmaod mravalgvari iyo. magram gorelebis samsa-
xuri samefo xelisuflebis winaSe amiTi ar amoiwureboda. go-
ris mosaxleobas evaleboda, agreTve, qalaqis mmarTvelobis
aparatis, mefis moxeleebis Senaxva.
3. klasobrivi brZola
gvianfeodaluri periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo TiT-

qmis ganuwyveteli klasobrivi brZola, gamowveuli batonymuri
urTierTobis gamwvavebiT da sasaqonlo warmoebis ganviTa-
rebiT. klasobrivi brZola qalaqebSi warmoebda ori ZiriTadi
mimarTulebiT: a) brZola feodalebis winaaRmdeg da b) brZola
qalaqis yma vaWar-xelosnebsa da mosaxleobis privilegiur
fenebs Soris3.
1 dasturlamalis mixedviT, adgilebze specialurad igzavnebodnen

kacebi furebis dasaTvlelad da mamasaxliss daawerdnen furTa
raodenobas, ris mixedviTac garkveuli raodenobis erbo unda
gadaexada sofels an qalaqs, iqve naTqvamia: `vinc am saqmezed
asamwerlod wavidodes, asmevdnen, aWmevdnen, sxva sargo ara aqvs
ra~. dasturlamali, gv. 613.
2 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 102, 284, 458.
288
gorSi antifeodalur brZolaze rodesac vlaparakobT,
mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT, rom igi, saerTod, feudaluri
wyobilebis winaaRmdeg ki ar iyo mimarTuli, aramed calkeuli
feodalis an xelisuflebis romelie warmomadgenlis TviTne-
bobis alagmvas isaxavda miznad. masSi umTavresad yma vaWrebi
da xelosnebi monawileobdnen. SedarebiT organizebuli iyo
qalaqis privilegirebuli mosaxleobis brZola, romelic
Tavisi ekonomikuri siZlieriT aRar kmayofildeboda da zogi-
erTi uflebis gafarToebas moiTxovda.
feodalis Tu feodal-moxelis winaaRmdeg brZolis gavrce-
lebuli forma iyo mefisaTvis saCivriT mimarTva. gvxvdeba
mebatonisagan gaqcevis da SeiaraRebuli winaaRmdegobis gawe-
vis SemTxvevebic.
adreuli cnoba gorelebis mier feodalebisadmi organize-
buli winaaRmdegobis gawevisa XVII s. dasasruls ganekuTvneba.
farsadan ciciSvilis mier gorelebisadmi micemuli tyiT
sargeblobis wignidan Cans, rom gorelebi tradiciulad SeSas
Wridnen narualaze1, zedavelis mTaSi2, saniaJroSi3 da uriu-
lSi4. SemdegSi ciciSvilebma gorelebs tyiTY sargebloba aRar
daanebes, ris gamoც goris warCinebulma moqalaqeebma da `sul-
erTobiT gorelTa~ nazaralixans mimarTes da ciciSvilebzec
`feSqaSiT gaisarjen~. gorelebma amgvarad miaRiwes imas, rom
ciciSvilebi xels aRar SeuSlidnen aRniSnul adgilebSi xe-
tyis moWrasa da SeSis damzadebaSi5.
daZabuli iyo moqalaqeTa urTierToba mefis moxeleebTan,
gansakuTrebiT mouravTan.
gorelebis mouravTan konfliqtis amsaxveli pirveli
cnoba daculia erekle II-is mier Sedgenil `samourao debule-
baSi~. iqidan irkveva, rom daaxloebiT erTi saukunis winaT,
erekle I-is mefobis dros, mouravis ZaladobiTa da TviT-
nebobiT Seviwroebuli gorelebi TbilisSi Casulan mefesTan
1 naruala, e. i. is adgili sadac ru miedineboda, gavrcelebuli

toponimia.
2 zedavela _ sof. xidisTavTan.
3 saniaJori _ sof. qvaxvrelTan
4 uriuli – nasoflari qvaxvrelTan.
289
da TavianTi gasaWiri mouxsenebiaT. mefem miiRo gorelebis
saCivari da yvela Zveli `debulebani daayena~, e.i. gauqmebulad
gamoacxada. sabuTis es adgili mafiqrebinebs, rom mouravs
SeuzRudveli uflebebi misi saxelos mosaxleobisadmi TviT
mefeTagan hqonda miniWebuli. mefem amitom `daayena~ adrindeli
`debulebani~ da gorelebs `sxva axali ganCineba~ misca.
àxali ganCineba~ ramdenadac misaRebi iyo gorelebisaTvis,
imdenad miuRebeli iyo mouravisaTvis. amitom gorelebi àxali
ganCinebis~ dacvas cdilobdnen, xolo mouravebi mis gauqmebas.
saqme iqamdis mivida rom, rogorc 1795 w. ganCinebidan Cans,
amilaxvrebma erekle I-is mier naboZebi àxali ganCineba~ goris
Tavkacebs waarTves. 1795 w. 1 Tebervals erekle II brZanebda:
`magram romelic papis Cvenis mefe ereklisagan ganwesebis wigni
aris, Tu is wigni ar gamoCnda aras gziT ar iqneba, is unda
gamoaCinon (amilaxvrebma _ e .m.); Tu is wigni ar gamoaCines, am
ganwesebas aRar mivscemT, kidev mouSliT. ase icodes _
amilaxvris ojaxSi unda ipovnos es wigni, raT unda daikargos
is. Zveli wignebi, romelic yofila, Cven unda gviCvenon. sami-
oTxi ojaxi aris amilaxvrianTi da imaT ojaxebSi iqneba, unda
rom ipovnon da mogvarTvan, gavSinjoT da gavasworoT is
saqme~. magram mefis am gankargulebas Sedegi ar mohyva. amilax-
vrebma erekle I-is mier Sedgenili, TavianTi uflebis SemzRu-
dveli sabuTi aRar gamoaCines1.
amilaxvrebma rodis waarTves gorelebs àxali ganCineba~,
amis dadgena Znelia, magram is ki garkveviT Cans rom es unda
momxdariyo didi xnis winaT, vidre erekle II gorelebs
xelaxla miscemda `samouroa debulebas~. 1789 w. 27 ivniss, ere-
kle meorisadmi mirTmeul saCivarSi mouravis TviTnebobaze,
gorelebi ambobdnen: `Cveno Ãelmwifev, mravaljer mogvixsenebia
Cveni Sewuxeba amilaxvriandgan, magram Tqvenis mouclelobiT
Cvens saqmes bina ar mieca~2.
gorelebis urTierToba mouravTan gansakuTrebiT gamwvavda
mas Semdeg, rac es Tanamdeboba iase amilaxvarma daikava.

2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 812, #848.
290
goris moqalaqeTa moqmedeba iese amilaxvris winaaRmdeg
aisaxa or sabuTSi. pirveli sabuTis pirobiTad daTariReba
SeiZleba XVIII s. 80-iani wlebiT. S. mesxia sabuTs aTariRebda
imave saukunis 80-90-iani wlebiT, radgan aRniSnul periodSi
iase goris mouravad ar miaCnda1. iase mouravi unda gamxdariyo
1772 wlidan, revaz amilaxvris gardacvalebisTanave da am
Tanamdebobaze iyo 1787 wlamde, Semdeg misi adgili oTar
amilaxvarma daikava 1801 wlamde. maSasadame, pirveli saCivari
1787 wlamde an am wels unda iyos Sedgenili. 1789 w. 27 ivniss
daweril saCivarSi gorelebi imitom axseneben iases, rom mefes
moagonon, saCivari winaTac dagviweriao. `Cven da iese
amilaxvris saCivarSi samarTalic gveboZa da ganaCenic, _
werdnen gorelebi, _ magram amilaxvrianT iq dgomiT ver
gaviyvaned~2.
amgvarad, S. mesxias mier gamoqveynebuli `goris qeTxudebis
saCivari erekle II-s~ unda CavTvaloT pirvel saCivrad, xolo
meore saCivari (1789 wlisa) mimarTuli iyo oTar amilaxvris
winaaRmdeg, magram masSi aisaxa ieses winaaRmdeg brZolis
epizodic.
pirveli saCivridan Cans, rom mouravi sxvadasxva ukanono
gamosaRebebiT moqalaqeebs Zarcvavda. mouravma moqalaqeebi
aiZula misTvis eZliaT: axalwlis Saqari, saCeqme3, komlze
TiTo uremi SeSa. moqalaqeebis mier Cadgmuli oCxebidan Tevzi
mihqonda. mouravis brZanebiT moqalaqeni Tibavdnen da Tivas
TavianTi urmebiT uzidavdnen, kaloze TiTo uremi bze mouravs
mihqonda. moqalaqeebs aiZulebda Wirsa da lxinze ZRveni
mierTmiaT. Sewuxebuli moqaalaqeni Ciodnen: `venaxi ar aris
Cveni, baRi da bostani da Wirnaxuli mudam~. gansakuTrebiT
ukmayofilo iyvnen is moqalaqeni, romlebic vaWrobas eweodnen.
mouravi TviTneburad begravda sxvadasxva mxridan Semotanil
Rvinos, xorcs, vinc mouravis daukiTxavad bazarSi oraguls

2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 812-813.
3 gadasaxdeli yma qalis gaTxovebisaTvis. saCeqmes qalis patroni
uxidda batons. surgulaZe iv., narkvevebi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
da samarTlis istoriidan, Tb., 1963, gv. 213-239.
.
291
gaitanda gasayidad TumniT ajarimebda. iseTi viTareba Seiqmna,
rom vaWrebs bazarSi dadgomisa eSinodaT.
ukeTes mdgomareobaSi arc xelosnebi iyvnen. feiqrebs
mouravisaTvis muqTad unda daerToT bamba, muqTad moeqsovaT
da asevev muqTad SeeRebaT, mesanTles litrobiT sanTels
arTmevda.
mouravis kacebi daufarav yaCaRobasac ki ar eridebodnen.
Cveulebriv ambad iqca duqnebis Zarcva, xalxis motaceba
gamosasyidis wasarTmevad, itacebdnen make cxenebs da manamde
hyavdaT vidre kvicebs ar moigebdnen, amis Semdeg patrons
cxens daubrundebdnen. qalaqis sagadasaxado davTari, romelic
wesiT moqalaqeTa amorCeul Tavkacebs unda hqonodaT, mouravma
waiRo ,Tavis saxlSi dado da gadasaxadebs rogorc undoda
ise axdevinebda. is im moqalaqeebsac ki ar indobda, romlebsac
mefisagan `saxaso sigelebi da oqmebi~ hqondaT da aiZulebda
imis Sesrulebas, risganac mefem isini gaaTavisufla. arsebuli
kanoniT rom boganoze glexkacis jarima ar vrceldeboda,
mouravs arc es abrkolebda da boganosac iseT moTxovnebs
uyenebda, rogorsac SeZlebul moqalaqes.
gorelebis gancxadebiT, maTi ubedureba maSin daiwyo, roca
iese amilaxvari gorSi dasaxlda. vidre amilaxvrebi WalaSi
cxovrobdnen àmdens mosaxsenebelSi arc erTi ar gvWirvebia,
amaTi aq dgomiT dagvemarTa~-o. mefes iqve Seaxsenebdnen, rom
erTxel, lekebis Semosevis dros, revaz amilaxvarma mcire
xniT gors Seafara Tavi, Semdeg ki kvlav WalaSi dabrunda.
albaT, raRac SemTxvevis gamo, Tavdapirvelad iese amilax-
varic mcire xniT dasaxlda gorSi, Semdeg ki samudamod damk-
vidrda. gaocebuli momCivanni amis gamo ambobdnen: àxla
RmerTman ganaZlieros Tqveni Ãelmwifoba, Tqvenis dovlaTiT
ormocis wlis xaraba soflebi aSenda da yvela Tavis alagas
wavida da amaTgan (amilaxvris ojaxisagan _ e. m.) ki ara gveS-
vela ra. wyalobas viTxovT _ amis samarTali gveRirsos~.
erekle II-em, rogorc arzidan Cans, iese amilaxvris asala-
gmavad aRZrul saCivarze samarTalic da ganaCenic~ uboZa,
magram aman sasurveli Sedegi ver gamoiRo. goris ZarcvaSi
oTar amilaxvari ieses saqmes agreZelebda. rac mTavari iyo
goridan amilaxvris gasaxleba ver SeZles. ufro metic, wina
292
saCivridan axal saCivramde ganvlil periodSi amilaxvrebs
gorSi sasaxlec auSenebiaT. gamwarebuli gorelebi mefes
umtkiceben, rom àras dros amilaxvriani gorSi ar mdgari-
yvnen, da arc sasaxle hqoniyoT~.
arzaSi, mcireodeni cvlilebebiT, gameorebulia is ukanono
gadasaxadebi, rac zemodasaxelebul saCivarSi iyo CamoTv-
lili, magram amjerad, gorelebi ufro kategoriulad moiTxo-
vdnen mefisagan maTi interesebis dacvas. `vali ar gaZesT Cveni
samarTlisa, rom samarTali gviboZoT?~ _ wyromiT ekiTxebian
isini erekles.
mouravis da sxva moxeleTa TviTnebobiT gansakuTrebiT
vaWar-xelosnebi zaraldebodnen. amitom mouravis winaaRmdeg
moqalaqeTa gamosvlas msxvili vaWrebi ubiZgebdnen. 1789 wlis
saCivari gorelebma erekles manuCar TumaniSvilis CagonebiT
miarTves1.
arzaze minaweri brZanebidan vigebT, rom mefem oTar ami-
laxvars adrec ubrZana WalaSi gadasaxlebuliyo, magram ar
daemorCila. mefe axlac brZanebs: àmilaxvris goridan auyre-
loba ar iqneba. es mka da kalo rom gaTavdes, unda aiyaros da
goridam gamovides, Walas Cavides da iq Tavis samkvidros
sasaxleSi dadges~. maSin gorelebi TavianT movaleobas
pirnaTlad Seasruleben, rac amilaxvrebis samouravo adevT,
yovelTvis ukleblad miarTmeven. magram oTar amilaxvris
goridan gayvana verc mefe ereklem da verc gorelebma SeZles.
gorelebis amilaxvrebisadmi mtruli damokidebuleba erek-
les gardacvalebis Semdeg ufro gamwvavda. mefe giorgis 1800
w. 21 seqtembris werilidan Cans, rom oTars moqalaqeni aRar
emorCilebodnen da pirdapir emuqrebodnen kidec. mefe gore-
lebs afrTxilebda. `goris mamasaxliso da gorelebo am saqme-
zed Tu rom amilaxvars ar eTanxmebiT... ar daemorCileniT,
Cveni mosisxlenic iqnebiT da kidec gadagaxdevinebT; nu cru-
obT da nurc alamayalaobT, swores piriT da swored guliT
moiqeciT da amilaxvar uqomageT am saqmezed~2.
qalaqSi klasobriv da socialur winaaRmdegobebs amZaf-
rebda mefis sxva moxeleTa moqmedebac. miuxedavad imisa, rom

293
zogierTi maTgani moqalaqeTa rigebidan iyo gamosuli, Tavia-
nTi Semosavlis gadidebis mizniT yovelgvar ukanonobas Cadi-
odnen.
pirvel arzaSi, romelzec zemoT ukve vilaparakeT, gansa-
kuTrebiT gamaxvilebulia yuradReba, rom `mamasaxlisi Sehyria
mouravs amxanakaTa~ da am or moxeles ise daubegravs mosax-
leoba, rom qalaqs samefo valdebulebebis Sesrulebis weli
aRar hqonia.
sabuTSi dasaxelebuli mamasaxlisi unda iyos zurab ami-
raRaSvili romelsac cnobili wyaros mixedviT, es Tanamdeboba
ekava 1787-1791 wlebSi. imave mamasaxlisis usamarTlo moqme-
debazea laparaki 1789 w. 29 ivnisis arzaSi, roca zaal davi-
TiSvili mamasaxliss uCivis gorSi Sexiznuli misi ymebisadmi
usamarTlod mopyrobis gamo. mamasaxlisi maT gorSi dgomis
xarjs arTmevda. erT-erT maTgans jaridan gaTavisufle-
bisaTvis fuli gamoarTva, mere daarbia jarSi ratom ar wax-
vedio1.
vinme abela, mefisTvis gagzavnil saCivarSi (1792 w.), moxe-
leTa daundoblobaze wers: `momixdebian Sina. karebs mimtv-
reven da colSvilTan avad mepyrobian... Cemo xelmwifev, mo-
xeleebs bevrjer movaxsene da Sevtire, yurs aravin migdebs~2.
TavianT klasobriv TanamoZmeebs rogor Cagravdnen moxe-
leebi, amis sailustraciod gamogvadgeba papuna julabaSvilis
erTi saCivari mamasaxlis TayinaSvil meliq farsadanis moqme-
debaze: `RmerT winaSe me papuna gors ar viyavi, gilans viyavi.
TayianT meliq farsadana mosuliyo, Cemi darbazis kedeli
givianTken daeqcia da cxra uremi aguri waiRo. Tavis oTaxebi
gaakeTa ufasuraT~3. 1792 w. sabuTidan irkveva, rom goris
mosaxleobam araerTxel iCivla mefesTan mamasaxlis babuas
ukanono qmedebaze, magram mefe mainc cdilobda mis Senar-
Cunebas, sabolood mefe iZulebuli gaxda babua gadaeyenebina
da mis magier zurab xiTariSvili daniSna4, romelic gore-
lebisaTvis aseve miuRebeli iyo. rogor asrulebda Tavis

2 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, II, gv. 247, #342.
4 saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi, Sd, #389.
294
movaleobas zurab xiTariSvili, kargad Cans erTi werilidan.
gorelebi 1794 w. 29 ianvars mefis karze myof gorel sulTa-
niSvils werdnen im Sewuxebaze rasac isini ganicdidnen mas
Semdeg, rac xiTariSvilebma `moxeleoba iSoves~. gorelebi
sulTaniSvils acnobebdnen TavianT gasaWirs da sTxovdnen
arza miarTvi mefeso, `Sens meti goreli kaci aravin aris
(mefis karze, e. m.) da vali gaqvs, rom am qveynisaTvis Senc
iRwvo~. rogorc werilidan irkveva, mefes scodnia goris
moqalaqeTa pozicia xiTariSvilisadmi, magram, miuxedavad
amisa, man mainc uboZa moxeled daniSvnis oqmi. werilSi vkiTxu-
lobT: `manamde xiTarani moxeleobas iSovidnen erTmaneTs
xocavdnen, moxeleoba rom iSoves, amxanakaT Seiyarnen da
naxevar xarks aRar aZlevineben. Torem Seityoben erTxelac
aris. Sen xom kargad ici xiTariSvilma rom oqmi moitana
moxeleobisa maSinve Tavebs vixocdiT, magram aseTis azriT
Semogvetyua moxeleT, rom is oqmic ucxadebda, rom ar mogve-
cadna ar iqneboda, xom moucadeT, rac qna aRar davdieTra da
rac Semata da mouara am qveyanas glejis meti~1.
gorelebs mZime tvirTad awvaT, agreTve, cixis movla-
patronobasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. saqme iqamde mididoda,
rom zogjer moqalaqeni uars ambobdnen cixisTavisadmi morCi-
lebaze da kanoniT dadgenil movaleobasac aRar asrulebdnen.
minbaSma dimitri diasamiZem 1794 w. mefes SesCivla: `goris
cixis debulebis~ miuxedavad gorelebi SeSas aRar maZleven,
rom mecixovnem cecxli aanTos da icxovroso2. daaxloebiT
erTi wlis Semdeg diasamiZe goridan gaaZeves, rac moqalaqeTa
aqtiuri moqmedebis Sedegi unda yofiliyo. dokumenti safu-
Zvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom gorelebis ukmayofilebiT
isargebla oTar amilaxvarma da minbaSis saxl-kars daepat-
rona. 1795 w. 29 ianvars ereklem amilaxvars ubrZana, minbaSi
`cixeSi SeuSvi da cixe amas daanebe, rom Tavis mdgomareoba da
saqme Seasrulos~-o3. magram, rogorc Semdgomi periodis
sabuTebidan Cans, minbaSi cixeSi mainc ar SeuSves.

295
qalaqSi moxeleebis ganukiTxavi moqmedeba imdenad Cveule-
brivi iyo, rom isini qalaqis ZarcvaSi daufaravad ecilebo-
dnen erTmaneTs. amis gamo maT Soris konfliqtic ki xdeboda.
roca 1774 w. erekles brZanebiT mdivnebma samefos zogierTi
mxare aRweres, Sarlamis saxiT gorSi aRebuli 5 xarvari
puridan iase mdivans araferi argunes. am ukanasknelma mefes
mimarTa saCivriT. mefem daakmayofila iases pretenzia da
mdivnebs ubrZana misTvisac miecaT wili1.
radgan moxeleoba Semosavals da privilegiebs iZleoda,
amitom Tavadaznaurobisa da moqalaqeTa warmomadgenlebi yove-
li gziT cdilobdnen ama Tu im Tanamdebobis dauflebas.
xSirad Tanamdebobis mopoveba qrTamis saSualebiT xdeboda.
qrTams iRebdnen rogorc mefeebi, ise misi maRali rangis
moxeleni, Tavis adgilas ukve iTqva, rom goris mouravobis
misaRebad qrTamis gaReba Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. am mxriv
sainteresoa TumaniSvilebis mamulebisa da ymebis nusxa, rome-
lic garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis qrTamis gavrcelebaze
XVIII s. Sua xanebis qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi. TumaniSvilebi
CamoTvlian visTvis raSi miuciaT qrTami: àrCil mefis moÃma-
rebiT, bevris qrTamiT, arc mamuli wavirTviT, mdivnobac sul-
xans uSovna. mamis Cemis xanjali da cxeni, Svidis Tumnis sura
qrTamad mdivnobisTvis gaviReT... erisTavisa barZimis moÃmare-
biT, bevris qrTamiT, ara wavirTviT ra... mefe giorgi wabrZanda
imereTs, dastur liparitTan axlda Cemis saqmiT, magram mra-
vali gaugzavne... erekle mefesTan bevri gamivida... axla kidev
erekle mefes gahyev, batoni gagwyromodaT, Seni wilis warT-
meva ebrZana. qrTamiT, samsaxuriT isev viSovne da ara wavirTvi
ra~2.
iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac mefes dacarielebuli xazina
aiZulebda vaWrisaTvis ZaliT waerTmia fuli da am gziT
daefara esa Tu is gadaudebeli xarji. erTi aseTi SemTxveva
aRwerili aqvs manuCar TumaniSvils. mefe giorgis brZanebiT,
muxranis batonma iovanem da falavandisSvilma elizbarma
gorSi Seipyres manuCari da misi Zmiswuli givi, maTi saxlebi
gaZarcves, xolo tusaRebi Tbiliss waiyvanes mefesTan,
2 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, UII, gv. 171, #135.
296
romelmac 2 aTasi Tumani moiTxova. TumaniSvilebma, rogorc
iqna 600 Tumanze daiTanxmes mefe. man es Tanxa lekTa jars
misca jamagiraT1.
ekonomikurad Zlier moqalaqeebs saSualeba hqondaT eCiv-
laT samefo karze da mxolod amitom viciT im antagonizmze,
rac feodalebs da qalaqis aristokratias Soris arsebobda.
papuna julabaSvili aRniSnavs (1730 w.), rom misi gorSi
aryofnis dros `koWl amiraT batons revazas mosuliyo, Tavisi
ZaliT darbazi daeqcia da cxra uremi aguri waiRo... RmerTman
amisTana usamarTlo yovels adamians aSoros, rom ase
mezobelma dro iSovnos...~2.
moqalaqis uuflebobas saintereso magaliTs vxvdebiT imave
julabaSvilis TavgadasavalSi. papunam garsevaniSvili daviTas
saxlSi gaicno cxinvaleli beri grigoli, romelsac yizlarSi
unda waeyvana papuna da misi Svili daviTa. beri TviTon aRar
gahyva da osi TareSa gaayola, romelmac sxva osebTan erTad
gveleTSi daZarcva isini. mTel am ambavs iseTi elferi dak-
ravs, rom julabaSvilebis gaZarcvaSi garsevaniSvili daviTa
da grigol beri arapirdapir mainc monawileobdnen. gavida
xani, grigol beri kvlav gorSi movida da mefe TeimurazTan
da ereklesTan iCivla: julabaSvil daviTas erTi girvanqa
vercxli gavatane TbilisSi gasayidaT da fuli aRar damibru-
nao. Teimurazi da erekle arc ki dainteresdnen marTals
ambobda Tu ara beri, maSinve amirindo amilaxvars ubrZanes
daviTasaTvis fuli waerTmia. amilaxvarma sisruleSi moiyvana
brZaneba.
sainteresoa, rom mefe zogierTi policiuri RonisZiebis
ganxorcielebas qalaqSi mcxovreb feodals avalebda. ase mox-
da, magaliTad, maSin, roca grigol beris saCivari garsevani-
Svilma garsevanma moiyvana sisruleSi. daviT julabaSvilis
TqmiT, amilaxvarma `garsevaniSvili garsevan iasaulaT damiye-
na, da TeTri gamamarTva, da bers misca~3.
petre davreSaSvilma 1794 w. 20 marts uCivla Tavis mezo-
bels, tetia garsevaniSvils, romelmac saxlTan misasvleli
1 iqve, gv. 142, #197.

3 iqve, gv. 216-217.
297
gza waarTva, baRis morwyvis saSualebas aRar aZlevda, saxlSi
wyali Seugdo, kedeli dauqcia, erdos milebi dauglija, coli
gaulaxa da sxv.
mezoblisagan Sewuxebulma petrem mefesTan iCivla. mefem
iase amilaxvars daavala samarTlis qmna, magram araferi gamo-
vida. tetiam xeli ar aiRo petres Seviwrovebaze. petre mwared
moTqvamda: ès zemoxsenebuli rom SerCa, axla ori patara biWi
amisia, xan RamiTa da xan dRisiTa erdos miqceven~-o. rodesac
simarTlis dasadgenad gorelebi dakiTxes, yvelam petres
dauWira mxari1.
qalaqis mosaxleobis klasobrivi da Sidaklasobrivi brZo-
lis sxva epizodebis gaxsenebac SeiZleba. magram is, rac iTqva,
sruliad sakmarisia, raTa garkveuli warmodgena viqonioT
gorelebis daZabul cxovrebaze batonymuri urTierTobis
pirobebSi. batonymobis, mefis moxeleTa winaaRmdeg brZola,
xSirad, Sua saukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli religiuri,
zogjer ki eTnikuri brZolis niRbiT mimdinareobda. samwuxa-
rod, amgvari brZolis amsaxveli qarTuli dokumenturi wyaro-
ebi ar gagvaCnia. magram mas rom adgili hqonda gorSi da sxva
qalaqebSi, ucxoelebma Semogvinaxes saintereso cnobebi.
mefe da feodaluri aristokratiis erTi nawili TavianTi
politikuri da ekonomikuri interesebidan gamomdinare, zog-
jer kaTolikebs uWerda mxars da garkveul privilegiebsac
aniWebda. aseTi SeRavaTebiT sargeblobdnen gorSi moRvawe
misionerebic. misionerebi mxolod kaTolicizmis qadagebiT ar
kmayofildebodnen, isini saCuqris, Sesyidvis da sxva gzebiT,
xelSi igdebdnen mamulebs, ymebs, sacxovrebel da samlocvelo
saxlebs. misdevdnen mevenaxeobas. yovelive es iwvevda marTlma-
didebelTa da grigorianelTa ukmayofilebas, rac zogjer
gamosvlebSi gadaizrdeboda. marTalia, am sakiTxze dawvri-
lebiT Semdeg vityvi (ix. kaTolikoba gorSi), magram ar SeiZ-
leba ar gavixsenoT patrebis sacxovreblis dawvis, maTi gori-
dan gandevnis SemTxvevebi, roca mefis mier patrebs maT
dasacavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebic ver SvelodaT. qalaqis
mosaxleobis gamosvla xSirad mimarTuli iyo ara mxolod
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 262-263, #249.
298
misionerebis, aramed maTi damcveli mefisa da feodaluri ar-
istokratiis winaaRmdegac. amitom mefe da misi kariskacebi,
feodalebi, iZulebulni iyvnen angariSi gaewiaTYqalaqis vaWa-
rTa da xelosanTa moTxovnisaTvis da antikaTolikuri Ronis-
Ziebebic gaetarebinaT.
imis gamo, rom begara-gadasaxadebis akrefa xSirad aSkara
mZarcvelur xasiaTs atarebda, moqalaqeni SeiaraRebul winaa-
Rmdegobas uwevdnen moZaladeebs. baqar mefis erT werilSi,
romelic Sedgenili unda iyos 1716-1717 wlebSi, naTqvamia, rom
sapolicio samsaxuris meTaurs (eSikaRasbaSi) gorelebma didi
usiamvoneba miayenes. werilSi konfliqtis mizezi dasaxe-
lebuli ar aris, magram aseTi moxelis da misi xalxis misvlas
gorSi win raRac seriozuli ambavi uZRvoda. savaraudoa, igi
gadasaxadebis akrefasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. amas mafiqrebi-
nebs werilis is adgili, saidanac Cans, rom mefes saqmis gamo-
Zieba TavlidarisaTvis (saangariSo dargis moxele) dauvalebia:
`Cveni brZaneba aris Tvalidaro firan, merme gors eSika-
RasbaSis gives aznauriSvilebi yofilan saqmeze da gorelT
daulaxavT, dauWriaT, iaraRi auyriaT. midi mokiTxuli hqeni.
Tu ubralod daelaxosT, visac amaTi iaraRi hqondes, gamoar-
Tvi, moeci da eqvs-eqvsi Tumani imaT jarima waarTvi da Tu
marTlis hyos es amaT eqnasT, is goreli kacebi aq moiyvane,
Cven gavikiTxavT da samarTals aq vuzamT~1.
batonisa da moxelis ùrCoba da umorCilobis~ gamo, mefe
erekle II-is brZanebiT amilaxvars goris xaroSi Cauyria gogia
da goderZa beJuas-Svilebi, ruisis eklesiis ymebi2. cnobili ar
aris, konkretulad raSi gamomJRavnda maTi urCoba. magram,
cxadia, maT saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis danaSauli Cai-
dines.
imaT, visac batonis winaaRmdeg saCivris wera an xelSi
iaraRis aReba ar SeeZloTYda aRarc Seqmnili viTarebis
Segueba surdaT, darCenodaT erTi gza _ gaqceva. batonymobis
autanel uRels goridan rom mravali yma gaeqca, amaze
gvauwyebs zogierTi wyaro. 1697 w. batons gaeqca indoeTSi
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1448, sab. 2335.

299
waturaSvili1. agreTve Cans, rom XVII saukuneSi da Semdgom
periodSic mravali goreli gadaxvewili iyo saqarTvelos
sazRvrebs gareT2.
samefo xelisufleba, bunebrivia, cdilobda klasobrivi
winaaRmdegobis Sesustebas da gabatonebul klass, moxeleebs
kanonierebis dacvisaken mouwodebda. erekle II revaz ami-
laxvars werda: `xalxi ar SeawuxoT da an ar aCivloT~3. ufro
metic, cota mogvianebiT, erekle gorelebis saCivriT SeSfo-
Tebuli, kiTxvas svams: `ZvelTagan ara yofila da romelic
uqneli saqme aris, yvela Cems droSi rogor unda Semovides?~4.
ereklem qveyanaSi mSvidobis dasamyareblad da mtris mo-
sagerieblad saleko 30 Sauri da kodnaxevari puris gada-
saxadis SemoReba ganizraxa. goreli qeTxudebis TqmiT, mefe
karga xans qarTlisa da kaxeTis sasuliero da saero warmo-
madgenlebTan TaTbirobda aRniSnul sakiTxze, raTa mosax-
leobis ukamyofileba ar gamoewvia5.
erekles sicocxlis bolo periodSi samefo xelisuflebis
sisustem iCina Tavi. mudmivad mzard saxelmwifo da sabatono
xarjebs batoniSvilTa TviTneboba daemata. isini sxvadasxva
odenobis Tanxebs ukanonod iTxovdnen mosaxleobisagan.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa erekles mier 1795 w. gorele-
bisadmi gagzavnili werili. mefe goris mosaxleobas mouwo-
debs yoveli saSualebiT daicvan Tavi moZalade batoniSvi-
lisagan: `...mere omanisSvili gogia da aleqsiSvili iakob, rom
iasaulad batons Cems Svils farnavazs gamoegzavna, erTi eqvs
Tumans gTxovsT da meore sams Tumansa gTxovsT, egeni orniv
daiWireT, an rac kaci axldes, TavianTi Tu visic unda iyos,
yvelani unda daiWiroT da cxeni Tu iaraღi TqvenTvis sul
saxalxod mamicia da magaT yvelas Tavi gautexeT, oTxas-
oTxasi joxi dahkariT. amis iqiTac Tu Cemma Svilebma da an
SviliSvilebma Segaweron rame, erTis Sauridam as Tumnamdina,
nurafers nu miscemT, Tu Zala moindomon, kacebi kargad
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi,V, gv. 101, #141.

2 iqve, gv. 101, #141.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 136;
4 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 814, #848;
5 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 280-281.
300
dautyifeT ise gauyareT; Tu Tqvenze iaraRi moindomon da
ixmaron imaT kacebma Tqven erTisaTvis ori da sami iaraRi
ixmareT imaTzeda. gorelebo didno da mcireno saxasono,
eklesiisa da an sxvisa ymano da xizanno da dedakacebo! Tqvenc
ase hqmeniT~1.
mefis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebi sanaxevro xasiaTs
atarebda. mas aRarc feodalTa TviTnebobis alagmva da arc
ukmayofilo mosaxleobis moTxovnaTa ugulebelyofa SeeZlo.
mdgomareoba kidev ufro gamwvavda erekle II-is gardacvalebis
Semdeg. gori mefe giorgi XII-is winaaRmdeg amxedrebul
batoniSvilebs miemxro.
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi, Sd, #494; gvritiSvili d., goris

istoria, gv. 133.
301
ekonomikuri ganviTareba
xelosnoba
gorSi xelosnuri warmoebis amsaxveli masalebi mcirea,

magram cxadia: mTeli misi arsebobis manZilze xelosnoba
sakmaod ganviTarebuli iyo. antikur periodSi, rogorc arqe-
ologiuri masalebidan Cans, gorSi upiratesoba hqonda me-
Tuneobas, aguris, kramitis, wyalsadinari milebis da sxv.
damzadebas. aRniSnul specialobaTa xelosnebi gorSi mravlad
unda yofiliyvnen. gori minis, moWiquლi Tixis WurWlis erT-
erT uZveles ganTqmul centrad aris miCneuli. aseTi WurWlis
dasamzadebeli masala _ kvarcis qviSebi goris maxloblad,
atensa da mejvrisxevSi moipoveboda1.
samSeneblo saqmis sakmaod maRal kulturaze migvaniSneben
goris cixeze mikvleuli antikuri xanis naSTebi, sadac
gamoyenebulia qva da aliz-aguri. yvelaferi es aCens varauds,
rom gorSi, iseve rogorc iberiis sxva qalaqebSi, sxvadasxva
specialobis xelosnebi unda yofiliyvnen, saxeldobr: qvis
mÃdelni, qvis mkeTebelni, kldis mkafavni, qvis momWrelni2,
alizis mWrelni, meTuneebi da sxvani.
xelosnuri warmoeba unda amaRlebuliyo feodalizmis ep-
oqis gorSi, radgan axalma ekonomikurma urTierTobam meti
stimuli misca. am sakiTxis istoriis Sesaswavlad uaRresad
mcire wyaroebi gagvaCnia. wyaroTa simcire imdenad JamTa siavis
brali ar unda iyos, ramdenadac imisi, rom gori Tavisi
istoriis manZilze, kerZod, saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTe-
bamde, ufro vaWrobis centri iyo, vidre xelosnobisa.
Sua saukuneebis goris dawinaureba ekonomikuri Tvalsaz-
risiT, misi mniSvnelovan qalaqad gadaqceva dakavSirebulia
daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelTan. man jerovnad Seafasa goris
kargi geografiuli mdebareoba. goris, rogorc ekonomikuri
centris, swrafad dawinaurebas isaxavda miznad daviTis mier
1 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, 1, gv. 24.

2 javaxiSvili iv., mSeneblobis xelovneba Zvel saqarTveloSi, Tb.,
1946, gv. 138.
302
somxebis gadmosaxleba, ris Sedegad `goris cixe da masTan
mimdebare daba qalaqad iqca~1.
goris qalaqad gadaqceva modis XI-XII saukuneTa mijnaze,
rodesac samefo xelisuflebam, am qalaqSi Catarebuli mSe-
neblobiTa da vaWarTa CasaxlebiT, es strategiuli punqti
qalaqis statusSi gadaiyvana2.
ara gvaqvs masala gorSi xelosnuri warmoebis calkeuli
dargebis ganviTarebaze, romelic saSualebas mogvcemda Tvali
migvedevnebina misi evoluciis an dacemisaTvis. Cvenamde moRwe-
ul calkeul sabuTebSi mxolod TiTo-orola xelosania
dasaxelebuli rac, vimeoreb, xelosnuri warmoebis ganviTa-
rebaze srul warmodgenas ver mogvcems.
`goris mcxovrebTa XVIII s. pirveli aTeulebis aRweris
davTarSi~ dasaxelebulia Semdegi xelobis xelosnebi: xuro
_3, mWedeli _ 3, xarazi _1, mexlme _ 1, xabazi _ 1, mRebari _1,
mearaye _ 1, saraji _1, kalatozi _ 13.
gorSi xelosnebis mdgomareobaze garkveul warmodgenas
gviqmnis 1804 w. aRweris masalebi, marTalia, isini gviandelia,
magram maTi mniSvneloba mainc didia. Cans, rom XIX s.
dasawyisSi gorSi iyo 27 specialobis 118 xelosani4.
1802 w. aRweridan irkveva, rom gorSi 48 saxelosno iyo.
dargebis mixedviT saxelosnoTa es raodenoba Semdegnairad
nawildeboda: zeinkalTa saxelosno _ 1, oqromWedelTa _ 2,
mRebavTa _ 9, mefexsacmeleTa _ 3, mequdeTa _ 3, ToqmaCTa _ 3,
mCiTavTa _11, sxvadasxva dargisa _ 145.
specialobaTa mixedviT, 1804 w. monacemebiT, xelosnebis Sem-
degi raodenoba iyo: feiqari _ 23, mRebavi _ 16, mCiTavi _ 12,
mesanTle _ 7, mWedeli _ 6, mequde _ 5, mewaRe _ 4, kalatozi _
3, dalaqi _ 3, meborble _ 2, durgali _ 2, mequrqe _ 2, mepure
_ 2, medane _ 1, mekondaxe _ 1, menabde _ 1, qvismWreli _ 1,
1 metreveli r., daviT IV aRmaSenebli, Tb., 1986, gv. 238.

2 afrasiZe g., saqarTvelos Sua saukuneebis qalaqebi, Tb., 1984, gv. 41.
256-265.
4 gsiem, #7486.
5 sea, f.19, saq. 51, furc. 5.
303
meaRvire _ 1, vercxlismWreli _ 1, meqoTne _ 1, yasabi _ 1,
dabaRi _ 1, mebagire _ 11. sul: 96.
am ori monacemiTY Tu vimsjelebT, aRmoCndeba Semdegi:
xelosnebs Soris imdenad gaRrmavebulia qonebrivi diferen-
ciacia, rom yvela xelosans ar hqonda Tavisi saxelosno. xe-
losanTa raodenoba saxelosnoebze daaxloebiT orjer meti
iyo.
xelosnebis sxva dargebTan SedarebiT ganviTarebuli iyo
samRebro saqme. `samRebroebsa da Rebvis saqmes mniSvnelovani
adgili uWiravT feodaluri saqarTvelos meurneobaSi~2.
`goris mcxovrebTa XVIII s. pirveli aTeulebis davTarSi~3, ro-
melic Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTris TiTqmis Tanadro-
ulia, gorSi asaxelebs erT samRebros, maSin, rodesac am
ukanasknelSi Cawerilia `Semosavali samRebroebidan 600 (ax-
Ca)~4, rac erTze met samRebroze migvaniSnebs.
samRebro moTavsebuli iyo gadaxurul SenobaSi, sadac ram-
denime didi sanaxevrod miwaSi Cafluli qvevri idga. qvevrSi
wyals Caasxavdnen da wamals Cayridnen. cecxli qvevrisagan
moSorebiT iyo gaCaRebuli. cecxlidan qvevrisaken gayvanili
mili wyals aTbobda. wyalSi narTs avlebdnen da Rebavdnen.
samRebroSi muSaobda mRebari _ saRebavis mcodne ostati
da mRebavi, e.i. is vinc uSualod Rebavda. samRebroebis eqsplo-
atacia feodalTa mier, Cveulebriv saijaro wesiT warmoebda.
moijareebad gamodiodnen, rogorc mRebrebi, ise aramRe-
brebi. `mas Semdeg rac Cven viciT, rom mRebari saRebavebis
mcodne ostatia, bunebrivia davuSvaT, rom samRebroSi mReb-
rebTan unda emuSavnaT mRebavebsac _ qargal-Segirdebsac~5.
did samRebroSi mravali Tu ara ramdenime muSaxeli mainc
saqmianobda. samRebros moijaradres, radgan zogjer TviTon
ostati ar iyo, ostati unda daeqiravebina da Sesaferi anaz-
Raurebac mieca. aseTi tipis samRebro, rogorc n. berZeniSvili
1 gsiem, #7486.
2 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, IV, gv. 309.
3 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos ekonomiuri ganviTarebis Zeglebi, I,
gv. 256-265.
304
frTxilad SeniSnavda, ùkve manufaqturaa da ara saSualo
saukuneebis saxelosno~1.
samRebroebi, marTalia, ijariT gaicemoda sxvadasxva pirze
da garkveuli vadiT, magram maT hyavdaT erTi saerTo
zedamxedveli, romelic samRebro administraciuli gamge iyo
da mis mowyoba-Semosavlianobaze zrunavda2.
`dasturlamalis~ mixedviT, `zemo qarTlis mRebarTuxucesi
erTi imaTi unda iyos rigiT~3. vaxtang VIUgulisxmobs, rom
zemo qarTlis mRebarTuxucesi goridan unda iyos. amas imitom
vambob, rom `dasturlamalidan~ moyvanili fraza Casmulia
paragrafSi _ `gorisaTvis~. sainteresoa isic, rom somxiT-
sabaraTaSvilos da yaiyulis samRebroebi Tbilisis mRebar-
Tuxucess eqvemdebareboda, maSin, roca `zemo qarTlisa
calkea~4. es migvaniSnebs zemo qarTlis samRebroTa didi
mniSvnelobaze. mas calke marTva sWirdeboda.
goris mRebarTuxucess pirvelad vxvdebiT mariam dedof-
lis wyalobis sigelze (igi Sedgenilia 1664 w. da naTqvamia,
rom Tavisi vaJis otias saxelze aSenebul mTavarangelozis
saydrisaTvis goris samRebrodan Seuwiravs sanTeli...) darejan
dedoflis mier 1771 w. gakeTebul warweraSi: àze gibrZanebT
vinacavin dReis waRmarT goris mRebarTuxucesi iqnebode, am
begaras uklebrad moscemdeT~5.
`dasturlamalidan~ vigebT, rom qarTlis samRebroebi
mTlianad sadedoflo iyo: sadac samRebro aris _ qarTlisa
Tu sabaraTasSvilo, Tu yaiyuls, sul sadedoflo aris~6. n.
berZeniSvili varaudobda, rom es wesi Zveli unda yofiliyo7.
mTeli qarTlis Tu saqarTvelos masStabiT mtkiceba
gamiWirdeba, magram es varaudi goris samRebros mimarT
1
iqve, gv. 320.
2
iqve, gv. 316.
3 iqve, gv. 716.
4 iqve, gv. 717.
5 gsiem, #4640.
305
savsebiT sworia. zemomoyvanili erTi sabuTidan Cans, rom
goris samRebro mariam dedoflisa iyo1.
samRebroebi mniSvnelovan Semosavals iZleoda. amitom
feodalebi maTs xelSi Cagdebas cdilobdnen, rasac
nawilobriv miaRwies kidec. XVIII s. bolosaTvis samRebroTa
umravlesobas isini daepatronen. darejan dedofali 1801 w. 24
ianvars daviT batoniSvils swerda: `Tqven rom CemTvis mo-
geweraT da Cems sarCod dagedvaT: cxinvals samRebro, gors
samRebro, kaxeTSi sanavardo da kuWatani da TaTrebSi asan-
xojali, gareT-ubans baRi da avlabarSi Samqorelni da qarTve-
lebi, _ amaze sxva mowame aRar meWireba. Sen kargad ici, rom
gorisa da cxinvalis samRebros Semosavals papi-Sens droSiac
TiTon Sen da Seni Zmebi mtacebdiT da SarSan xom gorisa sul
Sen daxarje da cxinvalsac Seni kaci dasvi da Sen moitace; es
xom ici amas iqiTac me iqidam ara mamiva-ra da amisTana
tyuiliT rogor gamarTldebi~2.
sabuTidan irkveva, rom XIX s. dasawyisSi gorisa da cxin-
valis samRebroebi, marTalia, nominalurad darejan dedoflis
sakuTrebad iTvleboda, magram sinamdvileSi, maTze misi
monopolia aRar vrceldeboda, batoniSvilebi daepatronnen.
goris samRebros Tavisi sididiTa da SemosavlianobiT
meore adgili ekava Tbilisis samRebroebis Semdeg. igi did
samRebroTa rigs ganekuTvneboda. 1801 w. 18 ianvars daviT ba-
toniSvili gen. knorings, werda, rom goris samRebro darejan
dedofals yovelwliurad aZlevda 2000 maneTs3. TviT dare-
janis Tanaxmad (1802 w. 2 maisi), gorisa da saTarxnos samRe-
broebis ijara saSualod 1600 maneTs Seadgenda4. ijaris
raodenoba sxvadasxva garemoebaTa gamo xan meti, xan naklebi
1 gsiem, #4640, f. 2.
2 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I с. 204 #171.
3 Тамже, с. 197, #160.
4 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, IV, gv. 322, 328. n.
berZenisvilis gamokvleviT, saTarxnos samRebros saijaro fasi 12
Tumani iyo. goris samRebros ijara iZleoda 148 Tumans. misi
gamoangariSebiT goris moijaradres samRebrodan unda mieRo 300
Tumnis Semosavali.
306
iyo1. Znelia imis garkveva, romeli Tanxaa zusti, magram ufro
sando unda iyos darejanis naTqvami, radgan mas xels ar
aZlevda Tavisi wliuri Semosavlis Semcirebuli odenobiT
wardgena ruseTis mTavrobisadmi. misi Semdgomi Semosavali
ruseTis mTavrobas amis mixedviT unda daedgina.
rogorc davinaxeT, goris samRebro dedoflisa Tu bato-
niSvilTa Semosavlis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgenda. am
Semosavlis dauflebisaTvis isini erTmaneTs ecilebdnen.
goris samRebros Semosavals imdenad didi mniSvneloba hqonda,
rom axlad gamefebulma giorgi XII-m Tavisi xazinis Sesavsebad
gamoiyena. darejan dedofalma 1798 w. 22 aprils gorelebs
ubrZana: `samRebros ijaridan aravis misceTra mefis giorgis
gardao~2. ra Tqma unda, aseT brZanebas darejani xalisiT ar
gascemda.
gorSi samRebros arseboba da Tanac misi didi ekonomikuri
mniSvneloba imaze metyvelebs, rom safeiqro warmoeba sakmaod
maRal doneze unda yofiliyo. mxolod XIX s. dasawyisis
masalebSi vxedavT, rom gorSi sakmaod bevri mqsoveli iyo.
isini, ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis 2-3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi ver warmoiSobodnen. qsovas ukve didi xnis
tradicia hqonda. 1804 w. gorSi 23 feiqari, 12 mCiTavi da 16
mRebavi iyo.
safeiqro warmoebis maRal doneze metyvelebs 1799 w. 9
ivnisisi erTi sabuTi. Cans, rom es dargi samefo xelisuflebis
mfarvelobas iTxovda, raTa sxvadasxva moxeleebsa da moija-
radreebs ar Seeviwroebina. mRvdel-monazoni benediqte mefe
giorgis sTxovs: `Tqvenis brZanebiT dirbs meCiTebi gaxlian,
imaTi sabeWdavic goris ijaradars eZleva; da cxinvalis
ijaradaric emuqreba _ mec wagarTmevo. oris micema xom ar
iqneba. da gevedrebiT oqmi gviboZeT, im cxinvalis ijaradars
saqme ar hqondes~.
mefem goris mCiTavTa interesebi daicva. mis brZanebaSi ar
Cans, dirbis mCiTavTa mimarT ra gadawyvetileba miiRo.
vfiqrob, direbelebi maTi survilis Tanaxmad, gorel mCiTa-
vebTan erTad adgilobrivi moijaradreebs daumorCila da

2 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 277.
307
maTac gorelebad moixseniebs: `Cveni brZaneba aris, romelic
gorSi meCiTebi sxedxarT! mere rasac gaakeTebT mand Tqven, is
goris beWdis ijaradars unda daabeWdinoT xolme: da
sabeWdavsac goris beWdis ijaradars miscemT xolme. sxvas
saqme aravisa aqvs TqvenTana~1.
aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom gorSi sabeWdavis sargo didi
xnis winaTac arsebobda. sabuTebSi igi pirvelad gvxvdeba 1638
w. sigelSi, romliTac rostom mefem manuCar TumaniSvils mis-
ca sabeWdavis sargo2.
saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis Semdeg goris samRebro,
msgavsad sxva qalaqebis samRebroebisa, xazinis kuTvnilebad
gamocxadda3.
CvenTvis cnobil erTadaerT wyaroSi dasaxelebulia meka-
rve xelosani. 1636 w. rostom mefem gorel mekarve farRuzanT
giorgiSvili rostomi gaaTarxna da samefo gadasaxadebisagan
gaaTavisufla4.
vaxtang V Sahnavazis 1661 w. wyalobis sigelidan Cans, rom
gorSi yofila Cilingaris 5 specialobis xelosnebi
qamalaSvilebi _ fasina da amirani: èse wyalobis wigni gibo-
ZeT Tquen, gorels qamalaSvils sumbatiSvilebs mirianasa da
ZmaTa Sensa, Cuens Cilingars fasinasa da amiranasa~. imave
sabuTis sparsul anotaciaSi ratomRac es pirebi ki ar arian
dasaxelebuli, aramed naTqvamia, rom sigeli gaica òstat
farsadan Cilingarisadmi~6. farsadani, rogorc 1659 w.
Sahnavazis mier gacemuli wyalobis wignidan Cans, qamala-
Svilebis Zma iyo. miriani vaWrobda da samefoSi sakmaod avto-
ritetiTaც sargeblobda. misi Zmebi Cilingrebi iyvnen. mefe
qamalaSvilebis `saxls~ didad wyalobda: `Cuenca vismineT aja
da moxseneba Tqueni. _ brZanebs igi _ da asre gaTarxneT da
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 553.

2 xec, Hd, #14434.
3 samsonaZe m., saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTareba XIX
saukunis pirvel mesamedSi, Tb., 1980, gv. 286.

4 xec, Hd, #1558.
5 sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT Cilingari igive zeinkali, abjris
mkeTebeli.
6 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 282, #122.
308
gaTavisufleT, rome, saCueno saTxovari da gamosaRebi ara
geTxoebodes ara, rasac mqonebelni Tqven iyuneT: ara xarji,
ara baSmali, ara ulayi, ara tiki da tomara, ara sabalaxe, ara
samejinibo da sabaziero ara sefoba, ara jurumi da sxva
saTxovari, erTis Cuenis karis samsaxurisa da saTaTros
1
saurisagan kide~ . aRniSnuli specialobis xelosnebi didad
saWironi iyvnen da Sesaferisi pativiTac sargeblobdnen. 1710
wlis sabuTSi dasaxelebuli farsadana sakmao SeZlebisa iyo.
man ori duqani TayinaSvilebs mihyida2.
1794 wlis nasyidobis wignSi dasaxelebulia xuro osia
waturaSvilis3, 1705 wlis ymebis nasyidobis wignSi _ oqro-
mWedeli suxinas Zma manuCar endronikaSvili4. demetre
amilaxvriSvilisa da misi saxliskacebis gayris saqmeze 1766 w.
Sedgenil ganCinebaSi dasaxelebulni arian: nalbandi gabri-
ela qacaxasSvili, dalaqi zuraba da baxua mejinibe ùma-
mulo~5.
gorelebis 1789 w. saCivarSi naxsenebia `mesanTlebi ~, e.i.
sanTlis Camomsxmelebi. imave dokumentSi dasaxelebulia `bam-
bis darTva, feiqrebis narTis Seyra da muqTaT moqsova da
SewiTlebis muqTaT SeReba~6.
zemoT moyvanili sxvadasxva wyaroebi nawilobrivi mainc
gvarwmuneben avT. TumaniSvilis naTqvamSi, rom gorSi abreSu-
misa da bambis qsovilebs, oqro-vercxlis samkaulebs, spile-
nZis da rkinis sagnebs da iaraRebs amzadebdnen7.
ra Tqma unda, sainteresoa, arsebobda Tu ara gorSi xelo-
sanTa raime organizacia. am sakiTxis Seswavlas arTulebs
saTanado konkretuli masalebis uqonloba.
xelosnuri organizaciebi, amqrebi, saqarTvelos qalaqebSi
X_XI ss. gaCdnen8. rac Seexeba gors, aq amqari mxolod XVII-
1 iqve, gv. 284, #122.

4 iqve, gv. 378, #531.
5 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 521.
7 Туманов А. Б., Описание грузинского города Гори, с. 34.
309
XVIII saukuneebSi Cans1. gvianfeodalur xanaSi erTi da imave
saqmianobis adamianTa gaerTianebas `Tabuni~ an àsnafi~
ewodeboda. àsnafi~ arabuli warmoSobis sityvaa da ara
mxolod xelosanTa da vaWarTa gaerTianebebs aRniSnavs, aramed
gaerTianebis calkeul wevrsac2.
àsanafebi~ naxsenebia gorelebis 1787 w. saCivarSi. amila-
xvrisa da misi kacebiT Sevwiroebuli gorelebi mefes moaxse-
neben, rom `magaTi SiSiT bazarSi asnafebic veRar damdagaran~-
o. goreli asnafebi dasaxelebulni arian, agreTve, imave
periodis kidev erT sabuTSi3.
amqris wesdeba erTi specialobis adamianTa saqmianobis
mraval mxares moicavda. magram Cveni mizania mxolod goris
amqrebTan dakavSirebuli momentebis dazusteba. amqris mTavari
ekonomikuri mizani yovelgvari SesaZlebeli konkurenciis
Tavidan acileba iyo. amitom igi Tavis rigebSi iRebda Tavisi
dargis yvela xelosans, ganurCevlad misi erovnul-religiuri
kuTvnilebisa. XVII-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTvelos qalaqebis
xelosanTa da wvril vaWarTa mTavar konkurents soflebidan
mosuli ymebi Seadgendnen, romlebic TavianTi saojaxi xelo-
snuri nawarmiTa da sursaT-sanovagiT vaWrobdnen. adgilobrivi
bazris simciris pirobebSi, sofleli xelosnebi seriozul
konkurentebad gadaiqceodnen. soflidan droebiT Tu mudmivad
gadmosaxlebul yma-xelosnebs qalaqis xelosan-vaWrebi aiZu-
lebdnen gaerTianebuliyvnen amqrebSi da saerTo reglamen-
tacias damorCilebodnen4.
goris amqrebis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebi Sekriba da ga-
moaqveyna n. derJavinma5. man aRwera mWedelTa, meqvebeTa, Wo-
nebis, TerZebis, xarazebis, meqalamneTa, xuroebis da dalaqebis
amqrebi, sul 8 amqari.
1 kucia k., amqrebi XVII-XVIII s.s. saqarTvelos qalaqebSi, Tb., 1984, gv.
8.
3 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv.521.
4 iqve, gv. 530.
5 Державин Н. Н., Следы древнегрузинских цеховых организаций поданным
современной этнографии. Язык и литература, ч. 1, вып. 1-2, 1926.
310
yoveli amqris saTaveSi idga ustabaSi anu mama saxlisi ,
romelsac amqris wevrebidan _ ostatebidan irCevdnen. Segirdi
amqris wevrad ar iTvleboda.
Segirdi s ostatad kurTxeva xdeboda Semdegnairad: aR-
dgomis kviris orSabaTidan amaRlebamde, orSabaTobiT amqrebi
ar muSaobdnen, radgan es dRe wvimis RmerTis dRed iTvleboda.
am dReebSi sistematurad ewyoboda amqris sazeimo `samxTo~
sadilebi. aseTi sadilis dros xdeboda Segirdis ostatad
kurTxeva. ustabaSi, ostatobis TiToeul kandidats Semoakra-
vda abreSumis sartyels da masSi Cauwyobda im xelosnebis
instrumentebs, ra xelobisac iyo amqari. ustabaSi ostatebs mi-
marTavda: `Segirdebi pirvelad bagiT dailocebian, xolo
Semdeg Cveni; maT RmerTs da amqrebs unda scen pativi!~. amis
Semdeg miubrundeba Segirds da etyvis: ìyav yvelaferSi
patiosani!~ da am sityvebTan erTad samjer Semohkravs silas
loyaSi.
Segirdis kurTxevis Semdeg yvela ostati sufras miujdeba.
roca sadili morCeba, amqari Tavis droSebiTa da musikiT jer
bazarSi iseirnebs, Semdeg qalaqs Semoivlis. amqari am
procesiiT oficialurad acnobebs moqalaqeebs Segirdebis
miRebas amqarSi1.
ama Tu im specialobis dauflebisaTvis swavlis vada sxva-
dasxva iyo. swavlis vadas amqari adgenda. goris xarazebis,
dalaqebisa da Wonebis swavla grZeldeboda 3-3 weliwads,
meqvabeebisa _ 4, mWedlebisa _ 52. sainteresoa, rom erTi da imave
xelobis dauflebas sxvadasxva qalaqSi, sxvadasxva dro
sWirdeboda.
gorSi soflis mosaxleobisaTvis produqciis Semqmnel
amqrebSi soflidan gadmosaxlebuli xelosnebic erTiande-
bodnen. qalaqSi droebiT gadmosaxlebuli yma-xelosani sof-
elSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi kvlav amqris wevrad iTvleboda.
n. derJavini Tavis am mosazrebas goris meqalamneTa amqris
saqmianobaze saubriTYamagrebs. goris meqalamneTa amqari sof-
lidan Camosul xelosnebs aiZulebda, rom sofelSi dabru-
1 Тамже, с. 285-286.
2 Тамже, с. 285, 289, 290, 294, 300.
311
nebis SemTxvevaSic amqris wevrad darCeniliyvnen da amqris
wesebs damorCilebodnen1.
amqruli wyobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo mfarveli kulti
da xelosanTa emblema. goreli mWedlebis emblema, n. derJa-
vinis mixedviT, òfelT-fofeli~ iyo2. S. mesxias azriT,
òfelT-fofeli~ damaxinjebuli òbel-Tobelia~ da bibliaSi
dasaxelebul TubalTa, TabalTa tomebs unda niSnavdes.
àse, rom qarTvel mWedelTa da meqvabeTa (spilenZis Wur-
Wlis mkeTeblebs) amqrebs TavianTi xelobis mfarvelad qa-
rTvel tomTa winaprebi, uZveles droSi rkinisa da spilenZis
damuSavebaSi daxelovnebuli Tubalebi miuCneviaT~3.
gadmocemis mixedviT, ofelT-fofeli wmindani iyo. igi
SiSveli xeliT iRebda gavarvarebul rkinas, CaquCis magier
muSts xmarobda, grdemli ki misi SiSveli muxli iyo4.
meqvabeebs emblemad grdemli hqondaT, mfarvelad ki
daviT marqars Tvlidnen5.
Wonebis (mequdeTa) mfarveli enuq marqari iyo6, TerZebisa
adami da eva7.
xarazebis emblema iyo kalapoti, mfarveli ki _ ilia,
romelic adgilobrivi gadmocemiT TviTonac xarazi iyo.
1 Тамже, с. 296.
2 Тамже, с. 296; mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 530;
4 imave gadmocemis mixedviT, ofelT-fofelTan biWis saxis uwminduri
suli mivida da uTxra: amiyvane moswavled raTa SenTan viyo
yvelgan, qorwilSi, dasaflavebaze; waxval saxlSi, mec SenTan
viqnebi. erTxel ofelT-fofeli sadRac wavida da Tavisi piroba
daaviwyda, Segirdi Tan ar waiyvana. ganawyenebulma Segird-eSmakma
gaakeTa marwuxi, CaquCi da zindani (grdemli) da yvelaferi es
sabervelis ukan damala. dabrunda ostati da muSaoba daiwyo.
roca man gavarvarebul rkinas xeli mohkida, daewva. am dros man
iaraRebi dainaxa da mixvda, rom maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleboda. le-
gendis mixedviT yvela es iaraRi gaxda mWedelTa emblema.
5 S. mesxia darJavinis cnobebze damyarebiT, ratomRac meqvabeTa mfar-
velad ofelT-fofels Tvlida.

6 Тамже, с.с290.
7 Тамже, с. 293
312
meqalamneTa emblemas dazga warmoadgenda, maT erTi rome-
lime mfarveli ar hayavdaT.
dalaqebis mfarveli mama abrami iyo1.
va W r oba
Tavisi kargi mdebareobis gamo gori adreve mniSvnelovan

savaWro punqtad gadaiqca. igi savaWro urTierTobebSi antikur
xanaSi rom iyo Cabmuli, amaze metyvelebs goris teritoriaze
aRmoCenili artefaqtebi, magram Semdgomi periodis, vidre XII
saukunemde, raime werilobiTi an nivTieri wyaro ara gvaqvs.
arsebobs mxolod maTeos urhaecis arapirdapiri cnoba daviT
aRmaSeneblis mier gorSi somxebis dasaxlebaze. es imis damada-
sturebeli unda iyos, rom gori manamdec erT-erTi savaWro
centri iyo da anisidan gadmosaxlebul somex vaWrebs kidev
ufro unda gaeZlierebinaT igi. qarTveli da somexi vaWrebi (am
ukanasknelebma SemdegSi asimilacia ganicades adgilobrivi
mosaxleobasTan, maTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani mxolod reli-
giaRa darCa), romlebic feodalizmis xanaSi goreli vaWrebis
saerTo saxeliT iyvnen cnobilni, seriozul ekonomikur rols
TamaSobdnen mTeli amierkavkasiis masStabiT.
goris, rogorc savaWro qalaqis mniSvneloba, ra Tqma unda,
yvela periodSi erTnairi ar iyo. misi amaRleba da daqveiTeba
ZiriTadad qveynis saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobiT iyo
ganpirobebuli.
gori aRmosavleTisaken mimavali gziT ara mxolod Tbi-
liss, aramed aRmosavleT amierkavkasiasa da iranTan iyo dakav-
Sirebuli. goridan dasavleT saqarTveloSi ori gza gadadoda
_ erTi, cxinvalidan kvaisis gavliT jer onSi, Semdeg Crdilo
kavkasiaSi gadadioda. meore _ suramis uReltexiliT, klde-
karis gadasasvleliTa da TeZmis xeobiT gori dakavSirebuli
iyo samxreT saqarTvelosTan. 1662 w. 24 maiss Sahnavazma gasca
sigeli, saidanac Cans, rom gors savaWro kavSiri hqonda
TiTqmis mTel saqarTvelosTan. gorSi asaRebdnen TavianT
1 Тамже, с. 294.
313
saqonels Tbilisidan, somxiT-sabaraTianodan, TrialeTidan,
kaxeTidan, samcxidan imereTidan mosuli vaWrebi1.
n. berZeniSvili goris istoriul mimoxvilvaSi aRniSnavda:
`goreli vaWrebi ganTqmuli sovdagrebi iyvnen, mestambole-
mobaRdadeni, isini gemqaravnebiT gabedulad seravdnen uSores
qveynebis zRvasa da xmeleTs, gahqondaT qarTuli nedleuli Tu
nawarmi da SemohqondaT: induri Tvalmargaliti, ქaSmiris
qsovilebi, sparsuli farCa, franguli atlasi, erayuli fola-
di, xvarasnis rkina, salianas Tevzi, zeiTunis zeTi, arabuli
nelsacxebeli da aTasi sxv.~2
rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, goreli vaWrebi mogzaurobdnen
iranSi, indoeTSi, osmaleTSi, ruseTSi da mTel kavkasiaSi.
iqidan mohqondaT WurWeli, qsovilebi, Zafi da sxv. gorelma
vaWrebma qarTlSi pirvelad Semoitanes Cai da Saqari3.
Jan Sardeni goris aRwerisas gansakuTrebiT amaxvilebda
yuradRebas imaze, rom goris `mcxovreblebi vaWrobas
misdevdnen da sakmaod SeZlebulnic arian. aq blomad da iafad
SeiZleba iSovo yvelaferi, rac arsebobisaTvis aris aucile-
beli~4.
gors gansakuTrebuli adgili ekava Sida qarTlis vaWro-
baSi. ZiriTadad masTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni saamilaxvros
mcxovrebni. isini aqve yiddnen saojaxo xelosnur nawarms da
sursaT-sanovages da aqve iZendnen saWiro saqonels.
XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi gorSi, iseve, rogorc aRmosavleT sa-
qarTvelos sxva qalaqebSi, savaWrod modiodnen Crdilo
kavkasielebi, kerZod, veinaxebi5.
Sida qarTlSi mohyavdaT didi raodenobiT xorbali. 1795 w.
ruseTisaTvis misayidad Sewerili fqvilis nusxis mixedviT,
saamilaxvroSi damzadebuli 838 xarvari fqvilidan 400 xarvari

2 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, III, gv. 290.
3 WiWinaZe z., qarTvel kaTolikeTa vaWroba, gv. 21.
4 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qvey
nebSi (cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), gv. 296.

5 SavxeliSvili a., saqarTvelo-CeCneT-inguSeTis urTierToba XVI-XVII
ss., Tb., 1980, gv. 86.
314
gorze modioda1. gori rom mniSvnelovan xorblis bazars
warmoadgenda, kargad Cans erekle II-is 1795 w. iulon
batoniSvilisadmi gagzavnili werilidan. mefis moxeleebs 500
xarvari puri gorSi uyidiaT da 200 cxinvalSi2. TumaniSvilebs
sakmaod didi Semosavali xorbliT vaWrobiT hqondaT. isini
yidulobdnen da mogebiT hyiddnen purs3.
gorelebs rom bevri sasaqonlo soflis meurneobis pro-
duqtebi hqondaT, amis maCvenebeli unda iyos moqalaqeTa
swrafva maxlobel soflebSi miwebis SeZenisaken. gorelebis
mier miwis SeZenis faqtebi gansakuTrebiT mravlad XVII
saukunidan viciT.
1634 w. gorelma mandaturTuxucesma Taya andronikaSvilma
iyida marix javaxiSvilisagan gardatens venaxi _ saxaso zvari,
kokozaSvilis mamuli da uricxs amiSaSvilis mamuli4. magram,
rogorc Cans, andronikaSvilebs dasaxelebul mamulebSi nodar
ciciSvili ecileboda. sabolood andronikaSvilebma sawadels
miaRwies da 20 wlis davis Semdeg daimtkices5.
1671 w. gorelma amiraRasSvilebma miwa iyides tinisxidSi
papuna lalasSviliსagan6; zalina mefisaSvilma 1681 w. miwa
iyida toxel gogibasSilisa da samnia simendasSvilisagan7.
imave wels zalina mefisaSvilma iyida samnia gogibasSvil-
simendasSvilisagan samkvidro mamuli8. 1686 w. gorelma nasyida
beraZem da misma Svilebma miwa iyides axaldabeli giorgi
xosruaSvilisagan9. tinisxidelma zali alaSvilma 1688 w. Tavis
samkvdro miwa mihyida gorel mamula WukasSvils10. gorelebs,
albaT, pirutyvis saZovrad, saTibad da tyis saWrelad
1 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, gv. 106-107.

2 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1448, saq. 3014.
3 gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 106-107.
4 xec, Hd, #1558.
5 iqve, Hd, #7608-2.
6 iqve, Hd, #6270.
7 iqve, Hd, #9430.
8 iqve, Hd, #9436.
9 iqve, Hd, #971.
10 iqve, Hd, #6107.
315
სWirdebodaT giorgi XI_is mier 1683 w. naboZebi zedavelas mTa,
veris xevi, skris mTa da bureTi1.
werilobiT wyaroebSi gorel vaWrebs pirvelad vxedavT
XIV s. ukanasknel meoTxedSi. 1380 w. daviT mefem oqonis ekle-
sias uboZa `gors vaWarni eqvsni maTiTa saxl-kariTa, Wur-
marniTa da qulbaqiTa~2. 1398 w. aleqsandre I-ma mcxeTis sveti-
cxovels ganuaxla gorSi mamulebisa da vaWrebis Sewiruleba3.
arviTari cnoba ar gagvaCnia goris vaWrebis an vaWrobis
Sesaxeb XV saukuneSi. mxolod oriode sabuTi gvaqvs XVI
saukunidan: 1532-1548 wlebiT daTariRebul mcxeTis sigelSi
dasaxelebulia goreli vaWari4, xolo simon I-is droindel
1559 w. sigelSi laparakia sveticxovlisaTvis gorSi mcxovrebi
vaWrebis Sewirulobis ganaxlebaze5.
XVII s. gorSi mravali noqari iyo6, imave saukunis pirveli
meoTxedis erT sabuTSi dasaxelebulia ori vaWari _ meraba da
unana7. mdidari da gavleniani vaWari unda yofiliyo goreli
diakvniSvili, romelmac svimon I-is neSti konstantinopolidan
saqarTveloSi Camoasvena. svimonis memkvidrem, giorgi X-em da
dedofalma nestan-darejanma igi diakunisSvili saxleuliT
gaazates da Seswires jvaris monasters8.
1 iqve, Hd, #1970.

2 gsiem, #7601/30, furc. 2.
3
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, с. 2, #1.
gv. 376.
5
xec, Ad, #1572.
6 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 53. sain-
teresoa, 1627 w. kaTolike misionerebis mier stambolidan romSi

gagzavnili erTi mokle cnoba, rom qarTvel vaWrebs ligornSi
(albaT, q. livorno) TavianTi savaWro saxli gauxsniaT. maTi
ufrosi iyo daviTi. mis or amxanags markozi da ioane erqvaT. xec,
TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1062, gv. 3. es italiuri wyaro ufro
sarwmunos xdis qarTveli vaWrebis Soreul kavSirebs XVII s.
pirvel naxevarSi.
7 masalebi saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiisa da toponimi-
kisaTvis, 1, gv. 54.
316
farTo vaWrobas eweoda qamalaSvilebis saxli. qama-
laSvili miriana mefis vaWrad iTvleboda1. 1683 wlis sigelSi
dasaxelebulni arian goreli vaWrebi: rostomaSvilebi, alixa-
nasSvilebi, goginasSvilebi, SixinasSvilebi, givinasSvilebi,
ziraqaSvilebi, WurikasSvilebi, romlebic giorgi XI-em uboZa
daviT qsnis erisTavs, mis Zmas revazs da biZaSvilebs _
largvelsa da daTunas2.
1684 w. goris somxuri eklesiis mRvdelebma ter-yazaram da
ter-stefanem mowyalebis saTxovnelad moiares astraxani, yiz-
lari, mozdoki da sof. sarafani. aRniSnuli adgilebidan maT
sakmaod didi Tanxa da saeklesio inventari Camoitanes3. marTa-
lia, CamoTvlili pirebi mRvdlebi iyvnen da ara vaWrebi, mag-
ram maTi mogzauroba SemTxveviT xasiaTs ki ar atarebda,
aramed goreli vaWrebis mudmivi mimosvlis punqtebi iyo. iq,
albaT, koloniis msgavsi ekonomiurad Zlieri dasaxlebebic
iyo, romlebsac mWidro kavSiri hqonda gorTan. garkveuli
imedis gareSe mRvdlebi im droisaTvis aseT Soreul, xifaTian
mgzavrobas ar ganizraxavdnen.
1697 w. erT sasamarTlo sabuTSi dasaxelebulia giorgi
TumaniSvilis yma waturaSvili, romelic batons indoeTs gae-
para. savaraudoa, rom is vaWari iyo. vaWari unda yofiliyo,
agreTve, ganjas myofi kaWkaWiSvili, romelic waturaSvilis
wyalobiT usiamovnebas gadaeyara34. waturaSvilis indoeTs
gaparvis faqti metyvelebs, rom goreli vaWrebisaTvis indoeTi
ucnob qveynad ar iTvleboda da intensiuri mimosvla hqondaT.
SedarebiT meti wyaroebi gagvaCnia XVIII s. goris vaWrobasa
da vaWrebze.
goreli vaWari Ggabriel baiduraSvili 1708 w. ganjaSi
imyofeba Tavis aznaurebTan erTad. mas ganjaSi daxvda avTan-
dil asturaSvili, romlis sadauroba ar Cans, magram unda
davuSvaT, isic goreli iyo. gabriels avTandilis 20 Tumani da
1 minalTuni vali hqonda, romelic ganjaSi gadauxada5.

3 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, gv. 206, #153.
5 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #11122, 19.
317
*
sagangebod unda SevCerdeT saxelganTqmuli goreli vaWre-
bis _ julabaSvilebis komerciul saqmianobaze.
julabaSvilebis farTo savaWro saqmianobaze uZvirfasesi
cnobebi gvaqvs, e.w. `julabaSvilebis davTris~ waylobiT. Cana-
werebi iwyeba 1722 wliT da ekuTvnis papuna julabaSvils.
iqidan irkveva goreli vaWrebis moqmedebis asparezi: isfahani,
Tavrizi, gilani, maSaTi (meShedi) da reSTi _ iranSi; Semaxa,
darubandi, yizlari _ kavkasiaSi, stamboli _ osmaleTSi da
astraxani _ ruseTSi.
davTridan irkveva, rom julabaSvilebi iranSi dakavSire-
bulni iyvnen ara mxolod adgilobriv vaWrebTan, aramed iq
mosaqme ucxoelebTanac. am mxriv gamokveTilad Cans vinme mil-
Toni, romelic, rogorc varaudoben farTleulobiT movaWre
an fabrikanti iyo1. milTonTan dakavSirebuli iyo julabaS-
vili papunas mama goderZi.
irkveva, rom papuna dakavSirebuli iyo ara uSualo mwar-
moeblebTan, aramed komerciul gaerTianebebTan _ `fsoni~, àm-
xanaki~. is TviTonac aseTi korporaciis wevrad gvevlineba.
korporaciis wevrebi xSirad savaWro operaciebs erTad ata-
rebdnen. zogjer komerciuli gaerTianebis wevrebis saqoneli
papunas mihqonda gasasaReblad2.
davTris Sinaarsis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, papunas Cana-
werebis ZiriTadi mizani misi savaWro saqmianobis Cveneba ar
iyo. igi am saqmianobas sul sxva ambebTan dakavSirebiT exeba.
zemoT ukve aRiniSna, rom `julabaSvilebis davTari~ iwyeba
1722 wels papunas ispaans wasvliT. savaraudoa, rom papuna
ispaans pirvelad swored aRniSnul wels gaemgzavra, Tavisi
mamis, goderZis gardacvalebis Semdeg. Cans, man arc ki icoda
Tavisi mamis davalianebis Sesaxeb. is amas pirvelad ispaanSi
igebs.
papunas saqmianoba, davTris mixedviT, SeiZleba Semdeg-
nairad warmovidginoT: 1722 w. papuna ispaanSi imyofeba. iq
1 berZeniSvili m., masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriisaTvis,

danarTi, Tb., 1957. XVIII s. dasasruls saqarTveloSi cnobili iyo
milTonis CiTi da TbilisSi milTonis qarvaslac ki yofila.
318
daTunasagan igebs, rom milTons misi mamis 3 Tumnis valis
veqsili aqvs, magram ar gamoisyida da Tavrizs gaemgzavra,
saidanac daTunas miswera: veqsils `Tu cotas ramiT daixsni me
yabuli var meTqi~1. is Tavrizidan kvlav ispaans dabrunda da
Tavisi `fsonis~, daTunas, binaze gaCerda. papunas mier gagza-
vnili saqoneli daTunas mTlianad gaesaRebina da angariSi
gauswora. papuna roca milTonis valiT dainteresda, daTunam
agrZnobina, rom milToni aRarafers ar iTxovda. papunam es ise
gaigo, TiTqos vali mis magier daTunam dafara. papuna, roca
Tavis kompanionsa da megobars sTxovda misi kuTvnili Tanxi-
dan aeRo is fuli, rac man milTons gadauxada, daTuna upasu-
xebda: `Tu giJi xaro me ar mimiciara milTonisaTvis, tyvilaT
xom vera gTxovo~2.
davTarSi ar Cans rodis dabrunda papuna gorSi. 1728 w. is
gilanSia, xolo 1729 w. TebervalSi goridan TbilisSi xoj-
arbegT daTuasSvils iaralis ori Tofi marmari gasayidad
gaugzavna. iarali coliTurT gorSi Camovida. aRmoCnda, mas
papunasaTvis misacemi Tanxa daxarjoda, meoTxe dRes TviTonac
gardaicvala. amgvarad, papunam rva minalTuni izarala.
imave wels, astraxans mimaval papunas tatoanT oTaram
`yalami da xuTi jejimis piri da sami wavi~ gaatana. papunam
aRniSnuli saqoneli astraxanSi gayida da gilans wavida. aqve
sainteresoa, rom oTara gorSi ki ar ijda usaqmod aramed
meSheds wavida. papuna gorSi dabrunda, Semdeg reSts gaeSura,
oTaras Sexvda da misi kuTvnili fuli gadasca. fulis
gadacema moxda reSTSi, sxva goreli vaWrebis TandaswrebiT.
eseni iyvnen: mirianT ramazas-Svili givibegi (papuna sxvagan
givibegis magier givinas ambobs), oTaris simamris Svili
elizbara, abelis Zma daviTi, sahakaanTY farsadana, ingoas-
Svili RvTisavara da yandina3.
1735 w. papuna Tavis àmxanak~ muSribis-Svili nasyidas Svil
osefasTan erTad gilans gemiT gaemgzavra, xolo 1737 w.
SemaxiaSi imyofeboda, sadac man da misma kompanionma alave-
rdam gayiduli saqonlis angariSi gaaswores.
1 iqve, gv. 213.

2 iqve, gv. 214.
3 iqve, gv. 214-215.
319
1752 w. 24 maisis Canawerebidan vigebT, rom papuna da misi
vaJi daviTi ruseTidan gors dabrundnen.
1754 w. mama-Svili kvlav ruseTs gaemgzavra gveleTis,
stefanwmindis da yizlaris gavliT. maTi megzuri iyo osi
TareSa, visi wyalobiTac isini gaZarcves da muxran-batoni-
saTvis SeZenili sxvadasxva sagnebi waiRes.
zemoaRniSnulis garda, papunas 1723 wlidan 1735 wlamde
periodSi TavrizSi da SemaxaSi umogzauria1.
1754 w. Semdeg papuna, albaT asakis gamo, Soreul mogzau-
robas erideboda. misi saqme daviTma gaagrZela. 1754-1758 wlebs
Soris periodSi daviTma martom moiara yizlari. 1758 w. gorSi
movida grigol beri da mefeebTan _ TeimurazTan da erekle-
sTan iCivla: `julabaSvils daviTaso, erTi girvanqa vercxlis
Zafi mivecio, amanaTaTo, waiRebs qalaqs gayidiso da TeTri
gamomigzavnoso~. Teimurazma da ereklem amirindo amilaxvars
ubrZanes beri daekmayofilebina. daviTs fuli gamoarTves da
bers misces.
julabaSvilebs kavSiri hqondaT TbilisTan da cxinvalTan.
TbilisTan vaWrobiT mxolod goreli vaWrebi ar iyvnen
dainteresebulni. zogierTi wyaros mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT,
SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom gorSi vaWrobis baJisagan gaTavisufleba
Tbiliseli vaWrebisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani samefo wyalo-
ba iyo. 1649 w. rostom mefem gorSi savaWro baJisagan gaaTarxna
xudada aSanmaSanaSvili2, xolo mariam dedofalma `gorSi baJi-
sagan~ erTdroulad gaaTavisufla tatunaSvilebi, amiranaSvi-
lebi, beglikaSvilebi, saruxana nodaraSvili3.
papuna julabaSvili gansakuTrebiT ispaanTan iyo dakavSi-
rebuli. 1722 w. CanawerSi naTqvamia: `mas ukan aTjerc wavedi
ispans~-o4. ispaanSi piradad wasvlis garda, papuna xSirad
amanaTebs agzavnida Tavis kompanion xojabegTan da mogebis
garkveul nawilsac aZlevda. papuna fuls mudmivad amoZravebs.
ispaanSi miRebul Tanxas is iqve saqonlad aqcevs da saqar-
1 iqve, gv. 217-218.

2 xec, Hd, #5306.
3 iqve, Hd, #765.
320
TveloSi moaqvs an agzavnis. aseve iqceva papuna astraxansa da
sxva qalaqebSi.
erTi garemoebac iqcevs yuradRebas. julabaSvilebi, ro-
goroc Cans, savaWro saqmeSi dasabandebel fulad resursebs
sakmao raodenobiT ar flobdnen. isini iZulebulni iyvnen ara
mxolod TavianTi Tanxebis mobilezacia moexdinaT, aramed va-
lebic aeRoT. ucxoeTSi mimavali julabaSvilebi imdensac ver
axerxebdnen, rom ojaxisaTvis saarsebo aucilebeli fuli
daetovebinaT. ojaxi valebs iRebda im imediT, rom sarfiani
savaWro mogzaurobidan dabrunebis Semdeg ojaxis Tavi gadaix-
dida.
fuls zogjer im qveynebSi mosiarule vaWrebisagan sesxu-
lobdnen, sadac ojaxis meTauri daiareboda. ase, rom valis
gadaxda xSirad ucxoeTSi xdeboda. julabaSvilebis Canawere-
bSi vkiTxulobT:
`q. jaSinas-Svils beJans mive, mamaCemis baraTi mamitana
Tavrizs.
q. kidev mamulas-Svilma manuCarma baraTi mamitana Tavrizs,
mive W xuTi minalTuni. romangs qorwilis mive TeTri e (5
Tumani)*1.
q. kidev mamulas-Svilma manuCaram baraTi mamitana Tavrizs,
mive W 5 (minalTuni).
q. kidev ramazam baraTi mamitana Tavrizs, mive a (1).
q. kidev Samaxias baraTi mamitana tulukas (?) Svilma, mive W
(5 minalTuni)~.
papuna, umeteswilad, gorSi dabrunebis Semdeg ixdida vals.
`q. urumobas movedi gors. givianT goderZisagan aeRoT, me
papunam miveci b (2 Tumani).
q. kidev mamaCemiosagan aeRoT TamasuqiT miveci a (1 Tumani).
q. dolmazasagan aeRo mamaCems TamasuqiT vali, me papunam
miveci g (3 Tumani).
q. kidev menaRris Svilis colisagan aeRoT vali, miveci
a~Z (13 minalTuni)
q. kidev guliSabarT moloznisagan aeRoT gors, miveci a (1
Tumani).
1 ricxvebze gadayvana Cemia.
321
q. alels badur-begis Tamasuqis vali miveci d (4 Tumani).
q. kidev aleli xuciSvilis sahamarasagan aeRoT miveci a (1
Tumani).
q. kidev jaSinas-Svilis vali rostomasi miveci x (6 minal-
Tuni).
q. kidev jaSinas-Svilis rostomasagan aeRoT vali, miveci
fq (10 Sauri da 3 abazi).
q. kidev oTars vali miveci aZ (13 minalTuni).
q. kidev TumaniSvilis alxazas vali miveciT bW (15 minal-
Tuni).
q. kidev gors patri ufrosisagan aeRoT vali, miveciT a (1
Tumani). Tasi giraoT qonda gamovarTvi.
q. kidev mamaCems aeRo RvTisavaras colisagan a (1 Tumani)~1.
aseTsave mdgomareobaSi iqnebodnen sxva goreli vaWrebic,
romelTa saqmianobaze cota ram an saerTod araferi ar viciT,
an zogierTi maTganis mxolod saxelia cnobili. `jula-
baSvilebis davTarSi~ dasaxelebulia: `julabaSvili goderZas,
papunas da daviTis garda _ xoja-begT daTuna, tatoanT oTara,
elisbara, mirianT ramazas-Svili givibegi, abelis Zma daviT,
sahakaanT farsadana, ingoas-Svili RvTisavara, yandina, muSri-
bis-Svili nasyidas Svili osefa, magu amiraRaT alaverda,
jaSinas-Svili beJan, mamulas-Svili manuCara, ramaz, tulukas
Svili. isini saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi iyvnen Cabmulni da aqti-
urad monawileobdnen rogorc saqonlis SeZenaSi, ise mis rea-
lizaciaSi.
* * *
goris ekonomikur cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan rols
TumaniSvilebi asrulebdnen. isini cnobilni iyvnen sazRvar-
gareT movaWreebad. ucxoeTidan Semotanili saqoneli maT
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqSi gahqondaT. imis gamo, rom
feodaluri qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli baJebi vaWrobas
aferxebda, vaWrebi am dabrkolebis gadalaxvas mefis SewevniT
cdilobdnen. 1649 w. rostom mefem TumaniSvilebis Txovna
daakmayofila, vaWrobaSi dasaqmebuli maTi ymebi baJis gadaxdi-
322
sagan nawilobriv gaaTavisufla: èse wyalobisa wigni giboZeT
Tquen, CuenTa erdgulTa ymaTa TumanianT mamukaSvilTa da
mamavalTa saxlisa TquenisaTa, mas Jamsa, odes moguidegiT
karsa Tquenis saTavnosa da Tquenis ymis aSanmaSanaSvilis
xudadasa, yazarasa da papias saTarxnes daguiajeniT, Cuen
vismineT aja da moxseneba Tqueni, asre gaTarxneT, rome samo-
cis Tumnisa, raginda ra savaWro moqalaqem Tquenma ymebman
amgzavros Cuens sabatonoSi, ara qalaqs, ara gors da ara
sxuagan baJi ar eTxovebodes am saqmiTa, rome sxuis kacis
saqoneli ar imisnos am samocs Tumans gardaisad da arc
amisgan nametnavi aroninos~1.
sigelSi dasaxelebuli aSamnaSanaSvili xudada da papia
mamuka TumaniSvilis savaWro agentebi unda yofiliyvnen. isini
ara mxolod mamukas ucxour saqonels asaRebdnen, aramed
qarTul xelosnur nawarms da sasoflo-sameurneo produqteb-
sac yidulobdnen, erT nawils sazRvargareT gasatanad amzade-
bdnen, xolo meore nawils adgilobriv bazarze yiddnen.
TumaniSivlebis duqnebSi, 1796 w. monacemebiT, 459 saxis
saqonels moiTvlidnen2.
gorSi safeiqro nawarmiT vaWrobaSi mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobda manuCar TumaniSvili. manuCaris xeliT Sedgenili
1788 w. 10 aprilis ori sabuTidan vigebT zogierTi saqonlis
saxeobas, romlebic TumaniSvilebis duqnebSi iyideboda:
`yalamqari~, `gujraTis boxCa~, `wiTeli Sali~, `mwvane mungis
xelsaxoci~, `wiTeli mungi xelsaxoci~3.
XVIII s. dasasruls (mxolod am periodis dokumentebi
gvaqvs) TumaniSvilebi sakmaod did kapitals flobdnen. manuCar
mdivnis da misi simamris aRa-stefanas angariSis wignidan,
romelic 1795 w. noembriT iwyeba, Cans, rom siZe-simamrs kargad
organizebuli vaWroba hqondaT gaCaRebuli. simamri sxvadasxva
saxis saqonels ugzavnida manuCars, romelic gorSi da Sida
qarTlSi asaRebda. manuCarisa da misi simamris saamxanago
Tanxa 835 Tumans Seadgenda. manuCars sxva amxanagebic hyavda:
1 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, 546, #568.

3 masalebi saqarთvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis III, gv. 228, 231,
##165, 166.
323
bazaza hairosefaSvili, aSi meliqovi, araqela ter-asaturaSvi-
li, akofa azizaSvili da sxv1.
TumaniSvilebs, rogorc saqarTvelos qalaqebSi, ise mis
farglebs gareT TavianTi vaWrebi hyavdaT, romlebic qarTul
sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebsa da xelosnur nawarms yiddnen,
xolo adgilze SeZenil saqonels gorSi ugzavnidnen Tuma-
niSvilebs da aq asaRebdnen. manuCar TumaniSvilisa da misi
amxanagebis abi melitovisa da aRa stefanas angariSebiT 1794 w.
astraxanSi iyo òrasi Tumani rusis Savi fuli~2.
mdivani sulxan TumaniSvili erekle II-s ndobiT sar-
geblobda. is mefis mier micemul Tanxebs abrunebda da, albaT,
garkveul sargeblesac iRebda. 1796 w. Sedgenil sulxan Tumani-
Svilis sawinaaRmdego saCivarSi ukmayofilo momCivani mefes
mimarTavs: òTxasi Tumani erTi aqvs Tqveni, rvaasi Tumnis
oqro mozdogs mouvida da orasi Tumani Tqven dagtyuaT. sanat-
relis batoniSvilis levanis angariSia imaTTan da imdeni mib-
layi gasyiduli morige... aseTs ras mogarTmeven, rom Tqveni
sarqisa ar iyo?~3
TumaniSvilebis vaWrobaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava
purs4.
* * *
goreli kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis vaWrebis vinaoba da
saqmianoba specialurad Seiswavla z. WiWinaZem da qveTavad
mogveca Tavis naSromSi. radgan aRniSnul sakiTxs verafers
davumateb, amitom z. WiWinaZis naSromis erTi paragrafi _
`goris qarTvel kaTolikeT vaWrebi XVIII sauk. bolomde~ _
momaqvs ucvlelad.
`zubalaSvilebi, andria, ivane, giorgi, merabi da sxvanic
mravalni. amaT vaWroba aqvndaT ZvelTagan rogorc goris
mkvidrT. scxovrobdnen da vaWrobdnen.
xosroaSvilebi, dRes xosroevni, Zvelni vaWarni.
1 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis III, gv. 261-262;

gviritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 109.
2 gviritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 108.
3 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 334, #347.
324
yandinaSvilebi, zogni gaaznaurebulnic, cnobilni vaWarni,
dRes yandinovi.
davriSaSvilebi, cnobilni vaWarni Zvelis ZvelTaganve. ama-
Ti STamomavalni dResac scxovroben gors.
meburneTesSvilebi. Semdeg dawinaurebulan. vinaidgan axali
gafrangebulni iyvnen da patrebi exmarebodnen.
alpapaSvili. gamoCenili gvari vaWrobis mxriT Zveladganve.
amiraRaSvilebi. dRes amiraRovi, kaTolikobas Zveladganve
dakavSirebulni. vaWrobiT ganTqmul iyvnen mTels qarTlSi da
ucxo qveynebSic mgzavrobden.
SixinaSvilebi. moxseniebulni arian rogorc warCinebulni
vaWarni gorSi da mis midamoebSi1.
saakaSvilebi. cnobilni iyvnen mefe erekles winaSe da kar-
gis vaWrobis gamo mravalnairad pativcemulnic da sxvafri-
vadac dawinaurebulni. es gvari gorSi ZvelTaganve iqna saxel-
debuli: zogni ter-saakovaTac ityvian saakaSvilebs, zogni _
saakaZeT, saakovaTac, radgan erT imaTgans saaka rqmevia saxe-
lad.
yorxmazisSvilebi. cnobili vaWari da masTan Segnebulic.
antonaSvili. antonovi dRes, iyvnen cnobilni vaWrebi. kaTo-
likebs garda somxebic arian antonovebSi. zurab antonovi som-
xis sjulis iyo.
1 beJan SixinaSvilis komerciuli saqmianobisa da daRupvis Sesaxeb

vigebT erekle II-is mier s. d. burnaSevTan gagzavnili werilidan
(1784 w. 24 maisi).
beJan SixinaSvili andreekvaSi wavida. Tavisi saqonlis ga-
yidvis Semdeg, man adgilobrivi begisagan endros saRebavis ijara
aiRo im pirobiT, rom vaWari Tu zarals ganicdida, begi
aanazRaurebda. beJanma es xelSekruleba yizlarSi gadaagzavna.
garkveuli drois Semdeg beJani lekebma mokles. mTeli misi qoneba
ki andreevkaSi darCa. ereklem s. d. burnaSevs sTxova daxmareboda
beJan SixinaSvilis memkvidreebs, raTa begma Seasrulos Tavisi
werilobiTi piroba, maT gardacvlilis qoneba daubrunos da
zaralic aunazRauros. Межкавказскией политические и торговые связи
Восточной Грузии (конец 60-х начало 90-х годов XVIII в.). Документы и
материалы, I вып. // Материалы подобрал и подготовил к печати В. Н.
Гамрекели, Тб., 1980, c. 171.
325
misduraSvilebi. iyvnen didi purisa da xorageulis patron
vaWrebi Zvelad.
xudadeli. anu xudadovi dRes, zogni somexnic arian
mxolod sjuliT.
amiraani. Zveladganve vaWrebi, cnobili kaTolikeni. zogi
somexia amaT gvarSi.
diaraSvilebi. zogni kaTolikeni arian da zogni somexni,
vaWrobas misdevdnen ZvelaTganve.
mamuCaraSvilebi. Zvelni cnobilni vaWarni CiTeulobiT da
bazazobiT.
CarCiSvili. dRes CarCievaT wodebulni, amaT STamomavalni
Zveladganve cnobilni gorSi bazazobiTY da wvrilman vaWro-
biT, cnobilni mefe erekles winaSec.
alibegaSvilebi. mesxeTidan mosulni gors da win wasulni
vaWrobiT. cnobilni mefe erekles winaSec.
stefaniSvilebi. cnobilni SeZlebulni zarafni gorSi da
mis midamoebSic. iyo mefis winaSe cnobili 1775 wlidam.
muradaSvilebi. ganTqmulni vaWarni gorSi sxvadasxva sano-
vagiT. dRes muradovebi, mesxeTidgan mosulni gors Zvelad-
ganve.
TavlidaraSvilebi. wvrilman saqonelTa vaWarni da SeZle-
bulni Tavis drois kvalad mavalni sparseTsa da osmaleTsac
saidanac saqonelic SemohqondaT.
qurqiSvilebi. cnobilni ZvelTganve gorSi qurqCis xelo-
biT da mere Tfilissac gadmosulni amaT saxli kacebi.
firumaSvilebi. dRes firumovebi. ZvelTaganve dakavSirebu-
lni kaTolikobasTan. cnobilni vaWrobiT mTel saqarTveloSi.
firumovebi somexnic arian.
WaraSvilebi. dRes Waruovi, ZvelTagan vaWrobiT ise wavi-
dnen win, rom mefeTagan maT amis gamo aznaurisSvilobac
eboZaT.
gvaramdivniSvilebi. Zvelis Zvelni vaWarni, ganTqmuli aReb-
micemiT da sparseTidan qaRaldis Semomtani.
baqraZe. XVII sauk. gafrangebulni da cnobilni vaWarni
XVIII sauk. gorSi.
326
berbukaSvilebi. Zvelni vaWarni da cnobilni rogorc ucxo
saxelmwifoebSi mavalni. kargi aReb-micemis mqonni~1.
gorSi mravlad iqnebodnen mewvrilmane vaWrebi, romelTa
saqmianoba Sida qarTlis soflebiT Semoifargleboda.
gorSi modiodnen da mudmivad saxldebodnen vaWrebi saqa-
rTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebidan. cnobilia aseTi gadmosa-
xlebis SemTxvevebi Tbilisidan2, axalcixidan. aseve cnobilia
goreli vaWrebis sakuTari surviliT droebiT an mudmivad
gadasaxleba TbilisSi, quTaisSi. XVIII saukuneSi goridan
quTaisSi gadasaxldnen iakob zubalaSvili, ioseb andro-
nikaSvili, ozurgeTSi _ TumaniSvilebi3.
* * *
savaWro saqmes sakmaod maRali donis maCvenebelia isic,
rom XVIII saukuneSi goris kaTolikTa Soris, rogorc z.
WiWinaZe wers, cnobilia ori SeZlebuli zarafi4. isini kavka-
siasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi gavrcelebuli monetebis mimoqce-
vas uwyobdnen xels. z. WiWinaZe asaxelebs orive zarafis
gvars. eseni iyvnen stefanes Svili da zarafiSvili. z. WiWinaZe
savsebiT sworad varaudobda, rom sxva sarwmunoebis zarafebic
iqnebodnen gorSi. amaze Sardenic miuTiTebs. is 1673 w.
ianvarSi specialurad darCenila gorSi, raTa oqro gadaecva-
la adgilobriv fulze5. sagulisxmoa zarafebis arseboba
gorSi XV saukuneSic. amas gvafiqrebinebs 1935 w. gorSi SemT-
xveviT aRmoCenili didi raodenobiT (daaxloebiT 10 000 cali)
vercxlis wvrili fuli moWrili XV saukuneSi. fuli Camar-
xuli unda iyos 1485-1505 wlebs Soris6.
1 WiWinaZe z., qarTvel kaTolikeTa vaWroba, tf., 1905, gv. 23-25.

2 xelnawerTa erovneli fondi, Hd, #1499; z. WiWinaZe, qarTvel kaTo-
likeTa vaWroba, gv. 24, 28.
3 WiWinaZe z., qarTvel kaTolikeTa vaWroba, gv. 36, 40, 49, 89.
4 iqve, gv. 21.
gv. 288.
6 vrclad ix. kapanaZe d., XV s. qarTuli fulis goris ganZi. saqar-
Tvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis moambe, 1940, t. X-B, gv. 279-304.
327
amgvarad Cvenamde moRweuli pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri
masala uflebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT rom gorSi rogorc
savaWro qalaqSi, gviandel Sua saukuneebSi, yovelTvis iyvnen
zarafebi.
feodalur saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc sxvagan, vaWrobis
warmoebas da ganviTarebas mravali xelSemSleli piroba hqon-
da. vaWrebi ixdidnen sxvadasxva gadasaxads: duqnis flobi-
saTvis TveSi 1 Sauri maxta _ specialuri komlobrivi gada-
saxadi, romelsac qalaqis danarCen mosaxleobasTan erTad
moqalaqe vaWrebic ixdidnen; mali _ igive suladobrivi
gadasaxadi, romelsac ixdidnen Tbilisisa da goris mcxov-
rebni, TiTo srulwlovan sulze 6 abazi. dasturlamalis mixe-
dviT, malis gadaxdis dros SeRavaTiT sargeblobdnen axalmo-
sulebi, axaldaqorwinebulni da is xandazmuli, romelsac
`mogeba aRar SeeZlos~; mZime gadasaxads warmoadgenda, agreTve,
sabaJo gadasaxadi.
CamoTvlili mudmivi gadasaxadebis garda, qalaqis vaWar-
xelosnebi sxva mraval arapirdapir gadasaxads ixdidnen: ja-
ris sursaTi T momaragebis, salaSqro , noqris (daqiravebuli
molaSqre) daqiravebis, xelmwifis samaspinZlo da sxv.
feodalTa gabatonebuli klasis warmomadgenlebi xSirad
vaWrebis pirdapir Zarcvasac ar eridebodnen.
mevaxSeoba
Cvenamde moRweuli masalebidan Cans, rom gorSi mevaxSeoba

sakmaod ganviTarebuli iyo. valis amReb-msesxebelTa Soris
vxedavT feodaluri sazogadoebis yvela fenis warmomadgen-
lebs: glexebs, xelosnebs, vaWrebs, Tavad-aznaurebs, samefo
karis warmomadgenlebs, mefis ojaxis wevrebs da TviT mefes.
radgan amjerad gvainteresebs goris mosaxleobis monawi-
leoba am saqmianobaSi, amitom yuradRebas gavamaxvileb am
urTierTobis amsaxvel masalebze.
sabuTebidan irkveva, rom mevaxSeobas ZiriTadad vaWrebi
eweodnen, magram xSirad mevaxSeebad gvevlinebian Tavadaz-
naurTa warmomadgenlebi da eklesia, iSviaTad _ glexebi da
xelosnebi.
328
valis aReba SeiZleboda rogorc naturiT, ise fuliT.
vaxtang meeqvsis `samarTali~ gvauwyebs, rom valis aReba
SeiZleboda puris, Rvinis da `TeTris~, e.i. fuliT. `samarTa-
li~ ver aregulirebs davalianebulis mier gadasaxdeli valis
sargebels. 116-e, 117-e, 118-e muxlebis mixedviT, `qarTlSi am
axlo xanebSi Tumani TveSi xuT abazadac miscemia, oTx
abazadac, sam abazadac, aT Sauradac... puri erTi oradac
gacemula, erTi samadac, aTi TxuTmetadac: da amaebis sarge-
belic aRebula... Rvino erTi samadac aRebula, erTi oTxadac
da erTnaxevradac, aTi TxuTmetadac; amisi sargeblis sargebe-
lic bevri auRiaT~. vaxtang VI moralur pasuxismgeblobas
akisrebs kreditors da `samarTlis~ 125-e muxlSi ambobs:
`TeTri rom gasces kacman, Tu Zala qna da suli sZuls, Tumani
TveSi xuTSaurad; Tu suli cota uyvars _ abazad; Tu ukeT
uyvars _ samSaurad; da Tu marTla uyvars _ or Sauarad. sul
ukeTesi es aris, rom sargebeli sul ar aiRos~1
`samarTlis~ mixedviT, rogorc davinaxeT, sesxis procentis
minimumi 2 Sauri iyo, maqsimumi _ 5 Sauri. gamsesxebeli da
valis amRebi aformebdnen Tamasuqs, e.i. xelwerils, romliTac
sesxis amRebi pirobas debda, rom vals garkveul vadaSi
gadaixdida. Tamasuqs adgendnen erT egzemplarad, iSviaTad
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi xdeboda Tamasuqis piris gadaReba.
Tamasuqze daartyamdnen beWeds, xels moawerdnen msesxebeli da
mowmeebi, bolis aRiniSneboda Tamasuqis damweris saxeli.
gamsesxebeli Tamasuqs, rogorc wesi, gasesxebuli Tanxisa da
sargeblis gadaxdamde inaxavda. am mniSvnelovan sabuTs, ro-
gorc Cans, usafrTxoebis mizniT, goris cixis minbaSs miabareb-
dnen xolme2. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu raRac mizeziT kreditors
Tavnisa da sargeblis amoRebisas Tamasuqis ukan dabruneba ar
SeeZlo, maSin kreditori specialur xelwerils werda, rom
mas araviTari pretenzia aRar hqonoda debitoris mimarT.
sesxi gaicemoda rogorc fuliT, ise naturiT. xSirad gace-
muli Tanxisa da sargeblis dabruneba naturiT xdeboda, ume-
tesad pureuliT da RviniT.
1 samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa, gv. 217-218.

329
dokumentebi mxolod XVIII s. mevaxSeobaze gvaZlevs cno-
bebs. ra Tqma unda, goris ekonomikuri cxovrebis es mxare wina
periodSic arsebobda, magram misi amsaxveli sabuTebi ar
SemogvrCa, nawilobriv imis gamo, rom qalaqi xSirad ganicdida
aklebasa da ngrevas, albaT imis gamoc, rom adreul periodSi,
sesxis aReba-gacema werilobiT iSviaTad formdeboda.
adrec rom sakmaod maRal doneze iyo mevaxSeoba, amis
naTelsayofad gamogvadgeba 1609 wlis erTi sabuTi. didma
Tavadma SanSe javaxiSvilma calqalamaniZes mi-yi-da skraSi
Tavis ymebi Tbilissa da gorSi aRebuli valebis dasafaravd1.
imis gasarkvevad, rogor iyo gavrcelebuli fulis sesxad
gacema XVIII s. I naxevarSi, gamogvadgeba `julabaSvilebis
davTari~. davTarSi mravali pirovnebaa dasaxelebuli, visganac
julabaSvilebma sxvadasxva wlebSi isesxes fuli, magram
arsad ar aris miTiTebuli ramdens Seadgenda gasesxebuli
Tanxis sargebeli. papunam vali gadauxada munjis-Svils
miraqas, jaSinasSvils beJans, mamulas-Svils manuCaras, ramazs,
tulukas-Svils, givianT goderZas, dolmazas, menaRris Svilis
cols, baadur-begs, jaSinas-Svils rostomas, TumanisSvils al-
xazas da sxv2.
imave saukunis Sua xanebSi sakmaod msxvili kapitalis pat-
roni iyo goreli giorgi bainduraSvili. man 50-60-ian wlebSi
goris qeTxudebs oci Tumani asesxa. cnobili mevaxSe iyo
goreli menaRari (naRaris mkvreli) estates qvrivi marexa. misi
gardacvalebis Semdeg vali darCaT: julabas-Svils qaixosros,
meqinasSvils, nazaras, nazaras da mis dedas, Woka giorgis,
rostom mamasaxliss, TuTasSvils baRdasaras RambaranT beri-
as3.
gorSi, iseve rogorc TbilisSi, gavrcelebuli iyo sxvada-
sxva daniSnulebis nagebobaTa da mamulis dagiraveba. Tumani-
Svilebis erTi nusxidan Cans, maT mamukaSvils aRebul valSi
duqani daugiraves4.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 833-834, #842.

4 iqve, III, gv. 172, #135.
330
TumaniSvilebi TviTon iyvnen msxvili mevaxSeni. manuCar
TumaniSvilis asaRebi valebis sakmaod vrcel nusxaSi, ro-
melic Sedgenilia 1770-ian wlebSi, dasaxelebulni arian go-
relebi: CarCos-Svili Saqara, xiTariSvili solomona. pirvels
emarTa 11 Tumani da 2 minalTuni, meores _ 12 Tumani1.
manuCar TumaniSvilis mier daviT TumaniSvilisadmi gorSi
gagzavnili Tamasuqebis nusxaSi aris erTi saintereso adgili,
saidanac Cans rogori maRali procentiT gaicemoda sesxi.
`gorelis ter-akofasi gabriel leluas-Svils marTebs Tama-
suqiT da (4 Tum) amdeni. amgram Tavni yofila g (3 Tum.) amdeni.
sxva sargebelia zed Sesmuli. Tu Tavns dagjerdes, mieciT g (3
Tum.) amdeni, xom mamulica sWeria da uWamia~2.
1798 w. sesxis nusxis mixedviT, romelic manuCar da sulxan
TumaniSvilebis savaxSo saqmianobas asaxavs, maT gorSi mafera-
Svil beJanas da julabaSvil baRdasaras asesxes 12 Tumani
TveSi Tumanze abazis sargebliT, xolo xiTariSvil gogias
igive raodenobis Tanxa Tumanze 2 SauriT3.
imave manuCar TumaniSvilma 1801 w. 17 marts julabaanT
daviTas Svils baRdasaras asesxa òri Tumani axali qalaqis
TeTri~ TveSi Tumanze abazis sargebliT4.
1776 w. pirobis wigniT TumaniSvilma gogiam petres-Svil
zeinalas lekTa tyveobidan dasaxsnel 30 TumanSi daugirava
`faxirasSvilis saxlebi Tavis marniT da baRiT gors~5.
erT-erTi msxvili mevaxSe da TumaniSvilebis kreditori
iyo ter-mosesaSvili zurabi. TumaniSvilis nikolozis mier
ter-mosesaSvili zurabasaTvis 1790 w. micemul TamasuqSi vkiT-
xulobT: `giraoT mogeci Cemis biZaSvilis zurabis wili gors
beraZe giorgis dandris saxlebi: erTi gverdi rostomaSvilis
stefanas saxlebis midgmamdin, meore gverdi xiTariSvilis ter
rastakisas saxls midgmamdin, Tavs daqceulis saydris Sara-
1 iqve, gv. 52, #82.

2 iqve, gv. 72, #112.
3 iqve, gv. 133, #188.
4 iqve, gv. 166, #235.
5 iqve, gv. 49, #77.
331
mdin, win bazris Saramdin. am TariRidam rac xans Cems xelT
dayos, Tumnis Tavs ori Sauri sargebeli gaZlio...~1.
ter-mosesaSvilma zurabam 1793 w. sulxan TumaniSvils ases-
xa `Cvidmeti Tumani zarafxanis abazi~ sami Tvis vadiT, im
pirobiT, rom Tu vadas gadaacdenda Tumanze or Saurs sarge-
bels miscemda2.
daviTaSvilis xarjisa da valis nusxidan irkveva, rom is
erT-erTYgorels 3 TumanSi weliwadSi sargeblad aZlevda 18
kod purs3. maSasadame daviTaSvili erT TumanSi sargeblis
saxiT gascemda eqvs kod xorbals.
wyaroebis umetesobaze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom
XVIII s. dasasruls gorSi valis sargebeli Tumanze sami Sauri
iyo. zaal daviTaSvilis valebis siaSi vkiTxulobT: `q. goreli
SixinaSvilisagan aviRe xuTi Tumani, Tumani TveSi sam SauraT.
q. kidev gorelis terteradam aviRe sami Tumani, TveSi
Tumani sam SauraT~4.
savaxSo saqmianobaSi garkveul rols TamaSobda samRvde-
loeba, gansakuTrebiT Tavi gamoiCines kaToლike patrebma. isini
TavianTi Tanxisa da sargeblis amoRebis garantias giraoSi
xedavdnen. giraoT iRebdnen moZrav da uZrav qonebas. papuna
julabaSvili davTris erT minawerSi ambobs: `kidev gors
patri ufrosisagan aeRo vali, miveciT a. Tasi giraoT qonda
gamovarTvi~5.
sainteresoa patarkac TumaniSvilis Tamasuqi, micemuli 1737
w. kaTolikeTa saydris winamZRolisaTvis: àviRe me, mdivani
daviTs Svilman patarkacman, Tqven, frangis saydris ufrosi
franCiskosisagan, cxrameti Tumani axali TeTri. amis beuSa-
rTaT mogeci Cemi ymis golxiTaranT saxlebi da wina ori du-
qani Tavisi siglebiT. da eqvsi Tve vada. Tu vadas gacildes,
saxlebi Tqveni aris~6.
1 iqve, gv. 88, #130.

2 iqve, gv. 102, #153.
4 uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri isto-
riisaTvis (XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 131.
332
rogorc XVIII s. masalebma gviCvena, sesxis gacema sxvada-
sxva odenobis sargebliT xdeboda. sesxi ifareboda wvrili
mwarmoeblis an vaWris mcire SemosavliT sakmaod xangrZlivi
drois ganmavlobaSi. xSirad vals faravdnen naturiT.
gamsesxebeli TamasuqTan erTad giraosac iTxovda; giraod
gamoiyeneboda rogorc moZravi, ise uZravi qoneba: ymebi, col-
Svili, sakuTari Tavi, saxl-kari, saojaxo inventari da a.S.
zogjer valis dafarva Wianurdeboda. arcTu iSviaTad,
TviT kreditori aRmoCndeboda gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi, mag-
ram mas ar SeeZlo aeZulebina debitori swrafad daefara
vali. SedarebiT Zlieri mevaxSe sargeblobda aseTi mdgomare-
obiT da vals daufaravda sxvis debitors, magram ise, rom
TviTon mogebuli darCeniliyo. msxvili mevaxSe sxvis Tamasuqs
gamoisyidda Semdegi pirobiT: 1. ar gadaixdida sxvis TamasuqiT
gaTvaliswinebul Tanxas mTlianad (mag.: xuTi Tumnis TamasuqSi
ixdis sam Tumans1); 2. gadaixdida TamasuqiT gaTvaliswinebul
Tanxas sargeblis gareSe (mag.: gorelis terakofasi Ggabriel
leluas-Svils marTebs TamasuqiT oTxi Tumani, Tavni iyo sami
Tumani, magram, radgan ter-akofas leluas-Svils mamuli `gira-
oTi sWeria da uWamia~, amitom Tavns _ 3 Tumans unda dasa-
jerdes2); 3. kreditori sargebels momatebiT iRebda. amitom
Tamasuqi unda daibrunos masSi gaTvaliswinebul Tanxaze dak-
lebiT.
vis xelSic gadavidoda Tamasuqi, debitoric mis winaSe iyo
valdebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, gvian Sua saukuneebSi Tamasuqis
aseTnairad gamosyidva kapitalis da-bandebis Taviseburi forma
iyo.
rac Seexeba valSi Cavardnil feodalTa klasis warmoma-
dgenlebs, maTi interesebis damcvelad mefe gamodioda. mefe
Cveulebriv administrirebas mimarTavda. aseTi SemTxvevebi arc-
Tu iSviaTi iyo. valebSi Cafluli zaal yaflaniSvili erekle
II-s swerda: ìlaji ara maqvs Tunier Tquenis mowyalebisa.
sxvisTvinac bevris-Tvis giqniaT es mowyaleba, mec am mowya-
lebas viTxov, rom erTi oqmi miboZoT~. yaflaniSvils sxva-
dasxva pirTagan, maT Soris goreli davriSaSvilisaganac
1 iqve, gv. 72, #112.
2 iqve.
333
aRebuli hqonda valebi, saerTo raodenobiT _ 68 Tumani. is
mefes sTxovda, rom kreditorebs sargebeli ar gadaexdevinebi-
naT, Tavnis dabrunebaze Tanaxma iyo. mefem brZana daek-
mayofilebinaT yaflaniSvilis Txona `Torem Tu ase ar
iqmonen, Tavnis micemac veRar SeiZlos da sulac daewosT da
ra sargebeli iqneba magaTi?~1. es ufro brZaneba iyo, vidre
gafrTxileba da mevaxSeni mefis brZanebas unda damorCile-
bodnen.
1 iqve, gv. 90-91, #133; qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 105-106.
334
marTva-gamgeoba
gorSi, samefo qalaqSi marTva-gamgeoba mefis mier daniSnu-

li moxeleebis xelSi iyo. magram es srulebiT ar gamori-
cxavda qalaqis mmarTvelobaSi mefisa da feodaluri aristo-
kratiis Carevas. mefe, yovel xelsayrel SemTxvevaSi, gansa-
kuTrebiT maSin, roca is gorSi imyofeboda, qalaqis marTvaSi
uSualod ereoda da zogjer piradad arCevda sasamarTlo saq-
meebsac ki. mefis aseTi saqmianobis amsaxveli wyaroebi gansa-
kuTrebiT mravlad erekle II-is droidan gvaqvs.
qalaqis samoxeleo aparati sakmaod mravalricxovani iyo,
misi Senaxva mTlianad mosaxleobas awva kiserze.
moxeleTa daniSvnis wesi saqarTveloSic iseTive iyo, ro-
gorc sxva feodalur qveynebSi, e.i. umTavresi iyo socialuri
warmoSoba da ara niWi da unari. didSemosavliani Tanamde-
bobebi memkvidreobiTi iyo. es ki saxelmwifos an calke aRebu-
li qalaqis marTvaSi mraval borotebas warmoSobda, rac
mosaxleobis did ukmayofilebas iwvevda.
mouravi
adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis umaRlesi moxele mouravi iyo.

is mefisagan iniSneboda da asrulebda sameurneo, administra-
ciul da sasamarTlo funqciebs. mouravad iniSnebodnen
Tavadebi da aznaurebi. Tu romeli rangis feodali daini-
Sneboda ama Tu im mxaris, didi an mcire qalaqis, soflis
mouravad, damokidebuli iyo TviT im adgilis mniSvnelobaze.
mouravis funqciebis moxele saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva
dros sxvadasxva terminiT aRiniSneboda. mkvlevarTa azriT,
yvelaze Zveli unda iyos amira, magram XIV saukunidan sabo-
lood damkvidrda mouravi1. XVI s. 50-iani wlebidan Cndeba
taruRa, rogorc mouravis Sesa-tyvisi2.
yvelaze adrindeli sabuTi, sadac goris gamgeblad moix-
senieba mouravi da ara amira, aris 1348 w. `wyalobis sigeli
1 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 396; kopaliani j., mouravis
saxeli feodalur saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1982, gv. 24
2 kopaliani j., mouravis saxelo feodalur saqarTveloSi, gv. 24.
335
andronike1 mefisa wiTlosan qvenifevnelisadmi~. masSi vkiTxu-
lobT: àw vinca hnaxon brZanebai da sigeli ese Cueni: Semdgo-
mada Cuensa mamavalaTa mefeTa da de-dofalTa, karis Cuenis
vazirTa da mouravTa, erisTavTa-erisTavTa da qarTlis eris-
TavTa, goris da CvenTa cixisTavTa da mecixovneTa da goris
mouravTa, meremeTa, mejinibeTa, baziarTa, monadireTa, xvar-
blis mkrefelTa mesabanjreTa, mekuluxeTa da yovelTave karT
CuenT sasaqmos wargzavnilia didTa da mcireTa...~2.
mefis mier gacemuli sabuTidan Cans, goris mouravi Tavisi
rangiT jer kidev maRali moxele ar aris. is pirovneba,
romelsac aRniSnuli Tanamdeboba ekava, maRali warmoSobis ar
unda yofiliyo. amaze pirvel rigSi is adgili migvaniSnebs,
romelic mas CamoTvlil moxeleTa Soris ekava.
imave saukunis sxva sabuTSi (1398 w.) goris gamgebeli ukve
amirTamirad ixsenieba3. àmirTamirasa da amiras Soris raime
principuli gansxvaveba ar iyo, ar arsebob-da maT Soris iera-
rqiuli qvemdebareoba... Cveulebrivad, amirTamira, amirasTan
SedarebiT aRmatebuli pativis ma-Cvenebeli iyo~4.
1413 wlis sabuTSi naxsenebia `gorisa da atenis moura-
voba~5.
maSasadame, goris magaliTze SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom gamge-
blis tituli im tradiciuli Tanamimdevrobas (amira-mouravi-
taruRa) ar emTxveva, romelic saqarTvelos sxva samo-
uravoebisaTvis aris miRebuli. gorSi, rogorc davinaxeT, jer
iyo mouravi, Semdeg amira, Semdeg isev mouravi. aqedan SeiZleba
vivaraudoT, rom es terminebi XIV saukuneSi paralelurad
erTi da imave mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda. XV saukunidan ki
yovelTvis mouravs vxedavT.
1 e. TayaiSvilis varaudiT, andronike daviT VII-is meore saxelia.

2 saqarTvelos siZveleni, II, gv. 12; qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv.
99.
gv. 225.
4 dasturlamali, gamomcemlis SeniSvna, gv. 807.
gv. 220.
336
XV s. I meoTxedidan goris mouravi iyo avTandil zedgin-
iZe, mefe aleqsandre didis mier 1425 w. gacemul sigelSi
naTqvamia: `movides winaSe Cuensa Cuenni didad erTgulni da
TavdadebiT namsaxurni zerdginisZeni, goris mouravi da ezos
CuxCarexi avTandil, zerdgin da Taya, gueajnes, raTamca
sigliTa amiT Seguewyalnes~. goris mouravad Cans igive Taya
zedginisZe imave mefis 1429 wlis wyalobis sigelSi1.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs aleqsandre mefis 1430
wlis wyalobis sigeli, micemuli imave avTandil zedginiZi-
sadmi.
sainteresoa, rom am sigelis dasawyisSi, zemodasaxelebuli
1425 da 1429 wlebis sigelebisagan gansxvavebiT, avTandili
Zveleburad goris mouravad da ezos CuxCarexad ki aRar
iwodeba, aramed mxolod ezos CuxCarexad. mefe aRniSnavs, rom
axla, roca `movides winaSe Cuensa Cuenni didad ZueliTa gua-
riT gamo da vidre moaqamomdis erTgulni da TavdadebiT namsa-
xureni zevdginisZeni: ezos CuxCarexi avTandil da maTni
Zmiswulni, CuenTa TanaSezrdil-gazrdili da Cuenisa morWu-
misa da amodyofisaTuis dRiv da Rame TavdadebiT meqme da mec-
de-damWirne kaci... molareT-uxucesi Taya da biZiswuli zevdgin
da gueajnes, raTamca isdenTa valTa da samsaxurTa sanaclod
sigelTa amiT Seguewyalnes da goris mouraoba migueboZa~2.
zemodamowmebul sxvadasxva drois ori sabuTis mixedviT,
rogorc vnaxeT, avTandil zedginiZe goris mouravi iyo. maS ra
aucileblobam miiyvana zedginiZeebi mefesTan, raTa goris
mouraoba eTxovaT. sainteresoa is garemoebac, rom zedgini-
Zeebi, ukanaskneli sabuTis mixedviT, erTi romelime konkre-
tuli zedginiZisaTvis ki ar iTxoven goris mouraobas, aramed
zedginiZeTa gvarisaTvis.
unda vifiqroT, rom 1429-1430 wlebSi mefem avTandils ra-
Rac vasaluri pirobis darRvevis gamo goris mouraoba Camoa-
rTva da amitomaa sabuTis dasawyisSi rom mTxovneli avTandili
mouravad aRar moixsenieba, is am Tanamdebobis maZiebelia.

2 iqve, gv. 121-122.
337
marTalia sabuTSi mTeli gvari gamodis mouravobis maZie-
blad, magram igulisxmeba, rom Tu mefe mowyalebas gaiRebs,
maSin mouravoba avTandilma, albaT gvarSi mTavarma (SeiZleba
asakiTa da damsaxurebiT) unda miiRos. amitomaa sabuTSi avTan-
dili pirvelad dasaxalebuli, is xom am dros ezos CuxCa-
rexic (mefis dacvis ufrosi) iyo.
isic SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom avTandils, da misi saxiT
mTel gvars, goris mouraoba sakargavis saxiT hqonda, rac maT
ar akmayofilebda. amitom mefes sTxoves, zedginiZeebs memkvi-
dreobiT mflobelobaSi gadascemoda maTTvis saintereso
goris gamgebloba. Tu am ukanasknel varauds miviRebT, maSin
SeiZleba isic davuSvaT, rom avTandils, marTalia, ukve xelT
hqonda goris mouraoba, magram imis gamo, rom saxelos memkvid-
reobiTad gadaqceva surda, feodaluri eTikis Sesabamisad,
senioris winaSe warmdgar vasals Tavisi TxovnisaTvis iseTi
saxe unda mieca, rom mefis mier gacemuli mowyaleba mkveTrad
gamoxatuliyo. Sinaarsobrivad marTlac mniSvnelovani siax-
lea: mefe zedginiZes aZlevs iseT rames, _ goris mouravis
saxelos `samkuidrod~, rac mas winaT ar gaaCnda. amitom sabu-
TSi aRar aris naxsenebi is, rom zedginiZeebs, kerZod avTan-
dils, adre ukve ekava saZiebeli Tanamdeboba, magram sakargavis
saxiT.
mefe acxadebs: `da arasa Jamisa Semosrulobisa da gamocva-
lebisaTuis, arasa Jamsa Sigan ara mogeSalos~ goris moura-
vobao. mefe Tavis memkvidreebs ubrZanebs: `daumtkiceT da nu
vin uSalavT mtkiced da samkuidrod boZebulsa amas Cuensa~.
sabuTis bolos aris sxvadasxva mefeTa xelmowera, rac imis
maCvenebelia, rom zedginiZeebi didad ufrTxildebodnen aleq-
sandre mefis mier maTTvis miniWebul saxelos. Semdgomi drois
mefeebi imis dasturad, rom aRiarebdnen zedginiZeebis, imave
amilaxvrebis1 privilegiis sabuTs, xelaxla ki aRar Sead-
1 XV s. 40-iani wlebidan zedgeniZeTa gvarma amilaxvroba daimkvidra.

s. kakabaZe, sabuTi zemo qarTlis sasardlos Sesaxeb // saistorio
moambe, w. I, tb., gv. 255-260; gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros,
gv. 258. amilaxori, amiraxori, amilaxvari (arabulad _ sajinibos
ufrosi) erTiani saqarTvelos amirspasalaris moadgile,
cxenosani jaris ufrosi.
338
gendnen xolმe, aramed Zvelze, aleqsandres Sedgenilze awer-
dnen xels1. sigelSi naTqvami iyo: zedginiZeebi Tu daarR-
vevdnen vasaluri erTgulebis fics, amiT isini goris
mouravobis CamorTmevas daimsaxurebdnen, magram mefe pirobas
sdebda, rom `Tu rame aseTi rame saqme SegucodosT, rome
mouravobis waReba gumarTebdes, sxviTa samamuloT gardagax-
devinoT da mouraoba arca maSin wagiRoT~2.
cnobilia, zedginiZeebma goris mouravoba mxolod orjer
dakarges, pirvelad imave avTandilis sicocxleSi, magram
mcire xniT. es moxda giorgi VIII-sa da bagratis urTierTbrZo-
lis dros. avTandili giorgis ganudga da bagrats miemxro.
1453 wlis 11 noembris wyalobis sigelSi goris mouravoba
kvlav zedginiZeebis xelSia. ase rom ganxeTqileba mefe
giorgisa da avTandils Soris moxda noembris Semdeg.
samwuxarod, ar gvaqvs is sabuTi, romliTac mefe goris mo-
uravobas gabriel javaxiSvils umtkicebs, magram moRweulia
1454 w. erTi sabuTi, romelSic Ggabriel javaxiSvili moxseni-
ebulia goris mouravad, maSin roca giorgi VIII axal mamulebs
uboZebs: `gqondes Tqven, didaT erTgulsa da TavdadebiT
mravalferad samsaxurisa Cuenisa morWumisa da ama yofisaTvis
dRes da Rame mecile-momWirnesa, goris mouravsa, javaxiSvils
gabriels da SvilTa TqvenTa zaqarias, kaxas da zazas...~3.
avTandil zedginiZem goris mouravoba sakmaod didi qrTa-
mis gaRebiT daibruna. avTandili erTgan acxadebs: `Tu imas
ityvian, Tu: bagrat mefeman mogca mamulio, sadamdisi imave,
Cemgan naSoebis mamulidaRma _ wiwamuridaRma asi koka Ruino
ar miveciT, manamdis goris mouravoba ar guiboZa~4. mouravis
saxelos maZieblis mier mefisaTvis qrTamis micema Cveulebrivi
movlena iyo5.

2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 122; saqarTvelos istoriis
narkvevebi, III, gv. 812.
3 saqarTvelos siZveleni, II, gv. 38.
4 masalaebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, I, gv. 43;
5 abesaZe n., samefo domenis samoxeleo aparati imereTSi XVIII s. II
naxevarSi // masalebi quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis isto-
riul-eTnografiuli muzeumisa, Tb., 1971, gv. 48.
339
amave periodSi unda iyos Sedgenili gamrekel javaxi-
Svilis saCivris wigni. gamrekel javaxiSvili Tavis cols,
gulsurabs uCivis (savaraudoa, gulsurabi momCivanis meore
colia. faqtia, rom mas hyavs Svilebi sxva qalisgan). ganxeT-
qilebis erT-erTi, erTi Tu ara, iyo goris cixis floba.
gulsurabs unda, rom gamrekeli mefe bagratis xeliT moiSo-
ros. amitom Tavis naTesav ruams weruli gaugzavna, romelSic
sTxovs: àmirejibis magieraT ese wigni dawere Sen viTa:
`gamrekel, [...] ZuRan Sen asre dampirdi, viTa goris cixesa
mogcemo. an Jami da dro esea. raJamc kacni gamovgzavnne cixe
ficxla umizezod maT daabare da, da rasac me Sen dagpi-
rebivar, bagrats mefesa SenTvis gavaTavebineb. Sen amirejibis
Snayma xar da Sensa Ãelsa mefe da yuela vinme icnobs. dawere
da ese wigni me gamomigzavne, rome gamrekeli da misni Svilni
ama wigniTa mefesa SevabezRne da davÃocneo~1.
gamrekel javaxiSvili mefe giorgi VIII-is erTguli iyo
ajanyebuli imereTis erisTavis, bagratis winaaRmdeg brZolis
dros 1453-1454 wlebSi. cilismwamebluri werilis Tu mas ruami
dawerda mizani giorgi mefis gamrekelis RalatSi da bagra-
tisadmi momxreobaSi darwmuneba iyo. magram ruamma gulsurabis
Txovna ar Seismina2 da yvelaferi gაmrekels acnoba. es gaxda
am ukanasknelis mier saCivris daweris mizezi.
zedginiZe-amilaxvrebma goris mouravoba meored dakarges
1633 wels, rodesac Teimuraz I-is momxre ioTam amilaxvris
magier rostom mefem es saxelo iranidan moyvanil beJans
misca. beJani goris mouravad iyo ramdenime wlis ganmav-
lobaSi3, magram ramden wels amisi zustad Tqma ar xerxdeba.
rostomma rom amilaxvris sawinaaRmdego RonisZieba gaatara,
feodaluri saqarTvelos istoriaSi iSviaT SemTxvevaTa rigs
ganekuTvneba. kanonmdeblobiT da tradiciiTac, roca mefem
ioTam amilaxvars goris mouravoba CamoarTva, zedginiZe-amila-
1 qarTul istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, III. qarTuli istoriuli

sabuTebi. XV saukunis meore naxevari. Seadgines TinaTin enuqiZem,
darejan kldiaSvilma, mzia surgulaZem. gamosacemad moamzada mzia
surgulaZem, Tb., 2014, gv. 78.
2 iqve, gv. 78-79.
3 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, gv. 240, 245.
340
xvarTa gvaris romelime warmomadgenlisaTviს unda gadaeca.
savsebiT sworad SeniSnavs j. kopaliani, rom `mefis samflo-
beloSi mouravebad erTi da igive gvaris warmomadgenlebi
iniSnebodnen. mouravis Tanamdeboba mamidan Svilze ar gada-
dioda, magram erTi gvaris SigniT rCeboda... mouravad, arsebu-
li wesis mixedviT, erTi da igive gvaris warmomadgeneli iniS-
neboda~1. magram rostomma am wesis darRveva imitom gabeda, rom
igi qarTlSi ucxo, yizilbaSTa Zalaze dayrdnobiT gamefda da
adgilebze erTguli moxeleebi Wirdeboda.
mas Semdeg rac rostom mefem qarTlSi mdgomareoba ganim-
tkica da amilaxvrebmac erTguleba daumtkices, mxolod amis
Semdeg daubruna maT goris mouravoba. rostom mefe 1656 w.
anduyafar amilaxvris saxelze Sedgenil sigelSi acxadebs:
`gagiaxleT sigeli samoTxeSigan msxdomarisa mama-papa-Zma-
naTesavTa Cuenisa naboZebi, giboZeT da dagimtkiceT movraoba
gorisa~2. sigelSi, marTalia, miTiTebuli ar aris, magram
igulisxmeba anduyafaris sikvdilis Semdeg visze SeiZleba
gadavides mouravis saxelo. eseni arian Svilebi _ ioTami da
avTandili, Zmebi _ givi, demetre, barZimi da paata, `SvilTa da
SviliSvilTa mamavalTa saxlisa TquenisaTvin~. sigels aqvs
saintereso minaweri, saidanac irkveva, rom `sanamdis (sigels
_e. m.) gaTavebis beWedi simtkicisas davsuemdiT, sulkurTxeuli
anduyafar amier sofliT miicvala... amgvarad davbeWdeT
sigeli sabolood gasaTvebeli ese, rome ufrosad amilaxorad,
droSisa mqoneblad da jaris gamZRolad givi gvibrZanebia~3.
igulisxmeba, rom goris mouravic givi unda yofiliyo.
1692 w. erekle I-ma nazaralixanma imis gamo, rom àmilaxori
givi da misi Zmebi da Zmiswulebi maTis SvilebiT bedniars
yaens ukuudgnen da giorgi mefes miuvidnen da bedniars yaen-
zedan didad orgulad da damnaSaved darCnen~, amilaxvroba
gives CamoarTva da Tavis momxre da erTgul, imave gvaris
warmomadgenels, 1656 w. gardacvlili anduyafaris vaJs _
ioTams gadasca. àwe amisad sanuqfod da sapasuxoT Cvenc es
1 kopaliani j., mouravis saxeli feodalur saqarTveloSi, gv. 27-27.

341
wyaloba giyaviT, rome gviboZebia ioTamisaTvis amilaxroba,
zemo qarTlis sardroba da goris mouraoba~1.
1742 w. givi amilaxvari irans aujanyda. qarTlis xanma givis
magier goris mouravoba revaz amilaxvars Caabara19. magram,
roca revazi givis miemxro, axla ukve Teimuraz II-m mouravoba
amirindo amilaxvars gadasca2.
mouravi gorSi ar cxovrobda. amilaxvrebs TavianTi sag-
vareulo mamulebi hqondaT, maT rezidenciad Wala iTvleboda.
`ramdeni amilaxvari yofila, magram ara amilaxvari gorSi ar
mjdarao~ _ swerdnen gorelebi erekle II-s. gorelebi im
garemoebazec amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas, rom revaz amilaxvari
lekianobis gamo mcire xniT gorSi yofila xiznaT, rac maTi
azriT, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaTa rigs unda ganekuTvnos,
isini aramc da aramc ar Seeguebian amilaxvris gorSi mudmivad
yofnas da kategoriulad moiTxoven aRikveTos kanonis darR-
veva. goris mosaxleoba valdebuli iyo mouravi mxolod ram-
denime dRes Seenaxa3.
mouravis ufleba-movaleobani qalaqis mniSvnelobiT gani-
sazRvreboda. didi qalaqebis mouravebi meti uflebebiT sarge-
blobdnen. gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi gori Tbilisis Sem-
deg meore qalaqad iTvleboda. amitom goris mouravi Tavisi
uflebebiT mxolod Tbilisis mouravs CamorCeboda.
1657 w. rostom mefe anduyafar amilaxvrisaTvis micemul
sadroSos sardlobis wignSi adgens: `giboZeT da dagimtkiceT
mouraoba gorisa. da samarTali maTi ara ikiTxebodes uTqve-
nod: vercvis gahyrides Tquenad SeukiTxavad mamasaxlisi da
vercvis Sehyrides; vercvis mamuls miscemdes da vercavis
gamoarTumdes; arc hqondes mamasaxliss qalis gaTxovebis
saCeqmesTan Ãeli da arca Tevzis baJTana _ saTquenod iyos,
rogorca Zuelsa sigelSi geweros~. imave sigelidan Cans, Tu
rogor ixveweboda da farTovdeboda mouravis funqciebi da
misi Semosavali. àgreTve zemo qarTlis Tquenis droSis
sardloba: laSqroba, nadiroba, kacis dayeneba, samarTali da

2 saqarTvelo siZveleni, III, gv. 458.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, 174-175; mesxia S., saistorio
Ziebani, III, gv. 277.
342
an garigeba Zvelis sigeliT gagverigebinos, ima wesiT dagvi-
mkvidrebia da dagvimtkicebia~. Semdeg, damatebis saxiT, CamoTv-
lilia is siaxleni, romlebic manamde mouravis iurisdiqciaSi
ar Sedioda. àgreTve, Tquenad ukiTxavad verc dadgan koka,
verc litra da verc adli. vercavin mebaJe daayenon uTqvenod.
da somxis ymebma rom daaSaos rame, imis jurimic1 Tquen gamo-
arTviT~2.
mouravi Tavisi uflebebis gafarToebas cdilobda, rasac
goris mosaxleobis eqsploataciis gadidebisaTvis iyenebda.
samefo xelisufleba, rogorc Cvenamde moRweuli masalebidan
irkveva, yovelTvis ver axerxebda moxeleebis saqmianobaze
jerovani kontrolis ganxorcielebas. amitom goris mosax-
leoba iZulebuli iyo TviTon miemarTa umaRlesi xelisufle-
bisaTvis, raTa aelagma Tavgasuli moxele, mkacrad ganesaz-
Rvra misi ufleba-movaleobani. jer kidev erekle pirvelis
dros (1688-1703) gorelebma moiTxoves mefes sazRvari daedo mo-
uravis TviTnebobisaTvis da mizansac miaRwies. ereklem gaauqma
Zveli `debulebani~ da àxali ganCineba~ misca. gorelebisaTvis
imdenad xelsayreli iyo erekle I-is ganCineba, rom isini XVIII
s. 80-90-ian wlebSi mis ganaxlebas moiTxovdnen.
rogori iyo qalaqis mouravis funqciebi? es sakiTxi miT
ufro sainteresoa, rom CvenTvis cnobili wyaroebi yovelTvis
ar iZleva saSualebas naTlad warmovidginoT qalaqis feoda-
luri samoxeleo aparatis warmomadgenelTa funqciebi. imis
gamo, rom maTi ufleba-movaleobani gamokveTili ar iyo, rogo-
rc qvemoT davinaxavT, moxeleebi erTmaneTis uflebebSi iWre-
bodnen. erTi ram cxadia, rom is, rac sakuTriv qalaqsa da
qalaqSi mefis brZanebebis gatarebas Seexeboda, mouravis duki-
Txavad Zala ar hqonda. Tbilisis mouravis sargos wignSi naTq-
vamia, rom mefes mouravTan SeTanxmebis gareSe Tbilisis mosa-
xleobisagan raimes moTxovna ar SeeZlo3. aseTive unda yofi-
liyo goris mouravis ufleba.
1 jarima, gadasaxdeli.
3 saqarTvelos siZveleni, II, gv. 528.
343
qalaqis moxeleebs samefo xelisufleba jamagirs ki ar
uxdida, aramed moqalaqeni aZlevdnen TavianTi Semosavlis
garkveul nawils.
mouravis movaleobani sakmaod mravalferovani iyo. maTgan
upirveless `WeSmariti samarTlis~ warmoeba Seadgenda1. mas
Tvalyuri unda edevnebina, agreTve qalaqis ekonomikuri cxov-
rebisaTvis. sazom-sawyaoTa sisworis, saerTo wesrigisa da
wesierebis dacvisaTvis, misi ufleba iyo qalaqis mosaxleobis
gayrisa da Seyris, mamulebis, saxlebisa da duqnebis gayidvis
wignebis damtkiceba, ucxoeli stumrebis miReba, Tu mefe qala-
qSi imyofeboda, yovel diliT moexsenebina misTvis qalaqSi
arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu mefe gorSi ar iyo,
maSin TveSi erTxel mainc werilobiT an sityvierad ecnobe-
bina. mouravi valdebuli iyo qalaqis yovelwliuri finansuri
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb saTanado angariSi samefos saxlTuxu-
cesisaTvis waredgina.
aseTi mravalferovani movaleobis aRsrulebisaTvis mou-
ravs sxvadasxva Semosavlis wyaro hqonda. qalaqis mosaxleo-
baze gawerili iyo specialuri samouravo gamosaRebi.
goris mouravis sargoze (Semosavalze) TiTqmis srul war-
modgenas gviqmnis oTar amilaxvris moxseneba, romelSic daw-
vrilebiT aris CamoTvlili is uflebebi da Semosavali, rac
mouravs hqonda XVIII s. dasasrulisaTvis da, unda vifiqroT,
igi met-naklebad asaxavs Tundac XVIII saukuneSi goris
mouravis mdgomareobas. oTar amilaxvari ambobs:
`z _ mqonda goris mouraoba, gorSi samefo nazvrevi aris,
nabaRvari da urwyavebi, aqamde, rac Semosavali iqneboda, aTis
Tavi Cemi iyo da aqedam mqonda sargebloba.
À _ goris malidam2 mqonda, rac Semovidoda samefoT, imis
aTis Tavi (amaSi mqonda sargebloba).
i _ goris damoJna, ese igi ijara samefo, aqedam mqonda
ganwesebuli, zogidam aTis Tavi, zogidam ocisa da TxuTmetisa,
ro weliwadSi Cemi sargebloba iyo TxuTmets Tumnamdin.
ia _ rac gorSi jarima adgeboda mefes saqme ar hqonda, is
jarima Cemi iyo da amaSi mqonda sargebloba.
1 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 12.
2 miwaze dawesebuli gadasaxadi.
344
ib _ imereTidam sapalniT Rvino rom Semovidoda da an sxva
gniT urmiTa, uremzed ori Tungi Rvino CemTvis aiReboda da
agreTve sapanlezed naxevari Tungi, amaSi mqonda sargebloba.
ig _ xmeli Tevzi rom Semovidoda, uremzed sami wyvili
Tevzi Cemi iyo da axali Tevzi sapalnezed erTi litra Cemi
iyo da amaSi mqonda sargebloba.
ad _ zeTis xili, WanWuri, nigozi, vaSli, wabli da xurma,
amebisa rac Semovidoda, sapalnezed erTi litra Cemi iyo da
amaSi mqonda sargebloba.
ie _ gorSi mosaxles kaczed eqvsi Sauri samourao debu-
leba Cemi iyo da amaSi mqonda sargebloba.
iv _ gorSi mosaxleT weliwadSi ori ZRveni debuleba aZ-
esT, TiTo ZRveni xuT minalTunaT eRireboda, amaSi mqonda
sargebloba.
iz _ axalweliwads komlze TiTo Saqari aZevsT rom
momitandnen da zogni batkans momgvridnen, amaSi mqonda sar-
gebloba.
iÀ _ gorSi ramdenic mesamTlis duqani aris, duqanzed
naxevari litra qonis samTeli Cemi iyo, amaSi mqonda sargeb-
loba.
iT _ axali weliwadi rom dadgeboda da ijara gamoicv-
leba, pirvelis dRidam aTi dRe Cemi aris, _ rac sabaJo Semova,
imisi baJi Cemia, amaSi mqonda sargebloba.
k _ gorelni Tu sxvani vaWarni, rodesac sxva qveynidam
movidodnen, Cems safars feSqaSs momarTmevdnen da amaSi mqonda
sargebloba.
ka _ rac gorSi mamuli gaisyideboda an iyidda vinme, an
gaicemoda, imisi sigeli Cemganac unda dabeWdiliyo da amaSi
mqonda sargebeli.
kb _ goreli kaci qals rom gaaTxovebda, saCeqme debuleba
erTi oqro Cemi iyo, amaSi mqonda sargebeli.
kg _ qalaqis Celieqis1 ijaridam ganwesebuli mqonda we-
liwadSi samTumannaxevari. amaSi sargebloba mqonda. amaebis
1 spars. meormocedi.
345
SemosavalSi weliwadSi Semosavali mqonda xuTasi Tumanamdin,
xan meti da xan naklebi~1.
rogorc davinaxeT, goris mouravi did Semosavals iRebda
qalaqidan da amitom amilaxvrebi TavgamodebiT cdilobdnen am
saxelos SenarCunebas. mouravis wliuri Semosavali miRebuli
goridan 500 Tumani iyo. sainteresoa, rom Tbilisis mouravis
Semosavali bevrad naklebs, 263 Tumans Seadgenda2.
imave sabuTidan Cans, rom mouravi saqalaqo cxovrebis
yvela sferoSi ereoda da garkveul Semosavalsac iRebda. ra
Tqma unda, zemoaRniSnuli uflebebi mouravma mouravis insti-
tutis gaCenasTan erTad ar SeiZina. isini TandaTan yalib-
deboda da sabolood, XVIII s. dasasrulisaTvis iseTi saxe
miiRo, rogoric oTar amilaxvris moxsenebaSia. oTar amilax-
vari aRniSnavs mxolod imas, rac mas kanoniT ekuTvnoda,
magram sxva-dasxva sabuTebidan xom viciT, rom mouravebi `sar-
gos~ zeviTac, kanonis darRveviT gamosZalavdnen gorelebs.
mouravis `sargoSi~ yvelaze Zveli da mniSvnelovani sabaJo
gadasaxadi iyo. 1430 w. aleqsandre didi avTandil zedginiZes
goris mouravobas umtkicebs da iqve ambobs: `raTaca wesiTa
ZveliTagan goris mouravTa goris baJi hqonebia da anu gorsa
da gorisa gareSemoTa Sigan usaqmebia, miTave wesiTa baJi Tquen
gqondes da miTave wesiTa gors da goris gareSemoTa Sigan
Tquen saqmobdiT~3.
oTar amilaxvris sargos nusxis garda mouravis mier ba-
Jidan miRebuli Semosavlis Sesaxeb sxva wyaroebic arsebobs.
`dasturlamalis~ mixedviT, axalnaqorwilevs erT wlamde
sami abazi unda gadaexada, erTi wlis Semdeg ki eqvsi abazi. am
Tanxidan 5 abazi mefes ekuTvnoda xolo ori Sauri amila-
xvars; goris yasabxanidan amoRebuli Tanxis (`xan erTi Tumani,
xan ori Tumani da xan sami Tumani~) àTisTavi amilaxorisa
aris~. agreTve, `goridam amilaxoris jarima, sakomlo, Tavis-
gasamtexelo an sxva rac debuleba aris, imisi garigeba wignSi
1 mesxia S., masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, qarTl-

kaxeTis samefos samoxeleo wyobis istoriisaTvis, ix. masalebi
saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, Tb., 1948, nakv. 1, gv. 86-87.
346
uweria~. mniSvnelovani iyo axali wlis pirveli sami dRis
ganmavlobaSi goris baJis daTmoba amilaxvrisaTvis1. magram
1768 w. erekle II-em goris mouravs `navrozis~ dReebi aT
dRemde gaudida im pirobiT, rom Semosavlis naxevarSi mamasax-
lissac hqonda wili2. XVIII s. dasasrulisaTvis, rogorc oTar
amilaxvris sargos nusxidan Cans, axali wlis pirveli aTi
dRis Semosavals mTlianad is daeufla. amilaxvars baJi
ergeboda xmel Tevzze, axal Tevzze, zeTis xilze, nigozze da
sxvadasxva xilze.
oTar amilaxvris gancxadebiT gorSi mosaxle TiToeul
mamakacs, samourao debulebis mixedviT, unda gadaexada 6 Sa-
uri. amas garda maT weliwadSi orjer, ZRvenis garda, unda
mierTmiaT komlze TiTo Saqari an batkani. duqnis patroni
mesanTleni valdebulni iyvnen `duqanze naxevari litra qonis
sanTeli~ mierTmiaT.
mouravs sakmao Semosavals aZlevda Sin dabrunebuli, sa-
qarTvelos sxva kuTxidan mosuli an ucxoeli vaWris mier
mirTmeuli ZRveni. ZRvens zogjer gadasaxadis saxe hqonda,
vidre nebayoflobiT mirTmeuli saCuqrisa. venecieli diplo-
mati-vaWari ambrojo kontarini did guliswyromas gamoTqvamda
imis gamo, rom, 1479 w. 17 ivliss roca gorSi movida, mouravma
mas 27 dukati gadaaxdevina3.
goris mouravs Semosavali hqonda gorSi Semotanil cal-
keuli saqonlidan.
erTi SexedviT gaugebaria, ratom iRebda goris mouravi
weliwadSi samTumannaxevars Tbilisis baJidan, ratom sargeb-
lobda igi aseTi privilegiiT?
amis mizezi, albaT, is iyo, rom goris mouravi imave dros
sadroSos sardalic iyo. amitom goris mouravi qarTlis
(Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis) samefos sxva qalaqebis mouravebisagan
Tavisi mdgomareobiT gansxvavdeboda, maRla idga. goris
mouravi rac ufro aRzevebuli iyo, misi uReli gorelebs miT
ufro umZimdaT
1 dasturlamali, gv. 552-552.

3 Ramusio G. M., Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi, v. II, p. 115v.
347
gorelebis urTierToba mouravთან gansakuTrebiT daiZaba
mas Semdeg, rac oTar amilaxvarma samudamo gorSi daido bina.
zemodasaxelebul saCivrebSi gorelebis upirvelesi moTxovna
amilaxvris goridan wasvla iyo. maTi azriT, moqalaqeTa
mTeli ubedureba amilaxvris gorSi dasaxlebasTan iyo dakav-
Sirebuli1.
cixisTavi
saqalaqo mmarTvelobaSi mniSvnelovani adgili cixisTavs

ekava. gvian Sua saukuneebSi is minbaSad iwodeboda. cixisTavis
upirveles movaleobas cixeze zrunva Seadgenda: guSagebis
dayeneba, maTi sakvebiTa da saTbobiT uzrunvelyofa, Semsv-
lel-gamsvlelze kontrolis ganxorcieleba da sxv.
goris cixisTavi pirvelad gvxvdeba 1348 w. wyalobis wign-
2
Si . sainteresoa, rom cixisTavi, mefis moxeleTa rigSi dasa-
xelebulia goris mouravze win, rac maCvenebeli unda iyos
imisa, rom XIV saukuneSi cixisTavi didi uflebiT sargeb-
lobda. SemdegSi igi mouravs daemorCila. zemoTgacnobili
sabuTis mixedviT, cixisTavis ufleba-movaleobis garkveva
gagviZneldeba. cixisTav-minbaSis saxeloze warmodgenas gviq-
mnis gviani periodis sabuTebi.
svimon I-is 1594 w. qarTul-sparsulenovani siTarxnis wignSi
cixisTavi dayenebulia mamasaxlisze win. cixisTavs sxva moxe-
leebTan (taruRa, amilaxori, mamasaxlisi da `sxuani Ãelo-
sanni~) erTad sisruleSi unda moeyvana mefis mier goris
somexi samRvdeloebisaTvis boZebuli SeRavaTebi3. maSasadame,
im dros cixisTavs rogorc samoqalaqo, ise saeklesio saq-
meebSi Carevis ufleba hqonda.
cixisTavs niSnavda mefe feodalTa rigebidan. avitabiles
gadmocemiT, XVII s. 30-iani wlebis dasasruls, cixisTavi
1 goris mouravebis biografiuli cnobebi da maTi qronologiuri

Tanmimdevroba ix. goris istoriis II wigni _ `gamoCenili gorelebi
da goris moamageni~.
2 saqarTvelos siZveleni, II, gv. 12, #7; qarTuli samarTlis Zeg lebi,
II, gv. 99, #190.
3 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 458-469; #190.
348
gamahmadiაnebuli qarTveli Tavadi iyo1. aseve feodalebi iyvnen
diasamiZeebi, romlebsac cixisTavebad vxedavT XVIII s. ukanas-
knel meoTxedSi.
unda arsebuliyo cixisTavis ganawesi, romlis mixedviTac,
es moxele Tavis saxelos ganagebda. 1785 w. erekle brZanebs:
`Cveni brZaneba aris diasamiZev tetiav! merme rogorc Sens Zmas
iovanes goris cixis minbaSoba hqonda da eWira, axla im gziT
goris minbaSoba SenTvis gviboZebia~2. rogor eWira tetia
diasamiZis Zmas iovanes goris minbaSoba, sakmaod dawvrilebiT
vigebT erekles 1786 w. ianvris brZanebidan. es brZaneba minbaSis
ufleba-movaleobis gamomxatveli unda yofiliyo da ara
gamonaklisi. goris cixisTavad daniSnuli pirovnebis ymebi
Tarxndebodnen, raTa isini cixisTavs cixis dacvaze gamo-
eyenebina. roca tetia diasamiZem daikava es Tanamdeboba, misi
ymebi, adrec Tarxnebi, kvlav Tarxnebad darCnen. `Cveni brZaneba
aris, _ ambobs erekle, _ merme goris minbaSoba diasamiZes
iovanes rom miveciT, Tavisi ymani gauTarxneT, rom cixeSi
Tavisi kacni unda daeyenebina... axla tetias uboZeTYminbaSoba.
rogorc Tarxani hyoliaTYTaveTi ymani, axlac isev Tarxani
unda hyvandes, rom kidev cixeSi kacni daayenos da cixe kargad
Seinaxos~3.
rogorc XVIII s. bolo periodis sabuTebidan Cans, goris
cixisTavoba diasamiZeTa gvaris saxelod gadaiqca. am dros
cixisTavebad vxedavT diasamiZeTa gvaris Semdeg warmomad-
genlebs: tetias, iovanes, dimitris. 1790 wels mefe erekle
dimitri diasamiZes ubrZanebs: `rogoriTac Sens Zmas ioanes
ebara eg cixe, ise Sen gabaria, nurc metad daiWer da nurc
naklebada~. es sabuTi imiTac aris saintereso, rom masSi
Tbilisisa da goris cixisTavebi sxva cixisTavebTan SedarebiT
amaRlebulni Canan.
cixisTavi cixesTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis Sesrulebisas
sruli damoukideblobiT sargeblobda. `Cveni brZaneba aris,
diasamiZe minbaSo dimitri, _ wers erekle II, _ mere goris
cixis minbaSi Sena xar, imisi yoveli saqme Sen gaZevs Tavsa da
3 iqve, gv. 18, #18.
349
Sen gekiTxeba, kacsac Sen unda daayenebde da sxvas im cixis
saqmesac Sen unda arigebde~. magram cixisTavs cixis norma-
luri funqcionirebisaTvis Tu rame dasWirdeboda, maSin ami-
laxvarisaTvis unda miemarTa. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misTvis
jerovani daxmareba da mxardaWera unda gaewiaT gorelebsac.
erekle dimitri diasamiZes ubrZanebs: `Sena xar goris cixis
minbaSi da Tu dagWirdebodes rame cixisaTvin, an kacis daye-
neba, an sxva rame, amilaxvars Seatyobinebde, gaarigebinebde da
gamoarTmevde... rogoriTac dagWirdebodes da Seatyobinebde,
amilaxormaca da gorelebmac Ãeli unda mogimarTon im gva-
rad~1. erekles imave brZanebaSi xazgasmulia, rom cixisTavi
`mudam ganuSoreblad~ cixeSi unda imyofebodes.
sainteresoa rogori damokidebuleba arsebobda goris mou-
ravsa da cixisTavs Soris. zogadad, mouravi, rogorc samo-
qalaqo moxele, Tavis xelisuflebas ver gaavrcelebda cixis-
Tavze _ samxedro moxeleze, magram gorSi specifikuri
viTareba iyo. imis gamo, rom goris mouravi, amilaxvari, imave
dros zemo qarTlis sadroSos sardalic iyo, amitom cixis-
Tavs urTierToba uxdeboda ori sxvadasxva Tanmdebobis mqone
erT pirovnebasTan da cixisTavi emorCileboda amilaxvars, ro-
gorc sardals da ara rogorc mouravs2.
cixisTavs Tavisi razmi hyavda, romelic imave dros cixis
dacvasac warmoadgenda. am razmis raodenoba mSvidobian perio-
dSi didi ar unda yofiliyo. roca qveyanas saSiSroeba daemuq-
reboda, cixisTavi Tavis razmTan erTad zemo qarTlis sadro-
Sos sardlis gankargulebaSi gadadioda. `gogia mimbaSmac
Tavisi Tabuni ukleblad unda Semoiyaros da TqvenTan imyofe-
bodes~ _ wers erekle II 1772 w. 29 Tebervals revaz ami-
laxvars3.
goris cixisTavis saqmianobaze saintereso cnobebi dagvi-
tova d. baqraZem. misi ganmartebiT, cixisTavis araqarTuli
saxelwodeba `minbaSi~, TiTqos erekle II-is dros Semovida4. mis
1 iqve, gv. 20, #20.

2 gansxvavebuli mosazreba, ix. mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 455.
4 «Кавказ», 1855, №49. rogorc Cans, qarTul leqsikaSi `minbaSi~ didi
xnis winaT Semovida. mas ukve vxvdebiT 1689 w. erT sabuTSi.
350
gankargulebaSi iyo cixeSi wm. giorgis eklesiis maxloblad
mdebare denTis sawyobi da ori qvemexi, romelTagan erTi
sakmaod didi zomisa iyo. mis Sesaxeb adre ukve aRiniSna.
goris cixis saWurveli, saWiroebis mixedviT, mefis
brZanebiT, sxva adgilebSi mihqondaT. cixisTavi pasuxs agebda
saWurvelis rogorc gacemaze, ise mis ukan dabrunebaze.
cixisTavis es saqmianoba gadmocemulia 1689 wlis erT xel-
werilSi: `radganac Cven, Tanaxmad qarTlis maRaladgilovani
valis (mefis) brZanebisa, mdivans givi TumaniSvils gadaveciT
erTi zarbazani, 15 baTmani denTi da 24 cali zarbaznis tyvia,
isini sruliad da uklebliv gadmogveca da Cagvebara xsene-
bulis xelidan~1.
cixis WiSkars minbaSi hketavda da gasaRebs TviTon inaxa-
vda. mas emorCileboda 14 mcveli. maTgan 12 mosaxleobis
wargzavnili iyo, 2 minbaSisa. isini mkacrad icavdnen discip-
linas. WiSkris daketvis Semdeg dagvianebulebs cixeSi aRar
uSvebdnen. erTxel mefe ereklesac ki ramdenime saaTi alo-
dines. wesrigis damrRvev guSags mkacrad sjidnen _ cixis did
ormoSi agdebdnen2.
cixisTavi qalaqSi garkveul policiur funqciasac asru-
lebda. amis oriode magaliTs avitabiles relacionSi vpou-
lobT3.
cixisTavi mefis korespondentic iyo Sida qarTlSi. igi
mefes periodulad awvdida misTvis saWiro informacias4.
sainteresoa, rom cixisTavi cixis aRdgeniT samuSaoebSi ar
monawileobda. yovel SemTxvevaSi cnobil wyaroebSi cixis-
Tavis aseTi saqmianoba ar asaxula.
cixisTavis xelfasi XVIII s. 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi 6
Tumani iyo5, imave saukunis dasasruls 9 Tumnamde gaizarda.
samefo kari cixisTavis xelfass, rogorc Cans, qalaqis
sxvadasxva Semosavlidan faravda. is fuladi anazRaurebis

2 «Кавказ», 1855, №49.
4 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria, 243; gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle
II dros, gv. 16, #12.
5 «Кавказ», 1855, №49.
351
garda iRebda sakvebs, SeSas da sxva yvelafers. rac cixisTavs
da mecixovneebs ergebodaT gansazRvruli iyo `goris cixis
ganwesebiT~. erekle II-is oqmSi naTqvamia: `mere, rogorc rom
goris cixisTavis ganweseba aris salbaSisa da SeSis mocemisa,
yvelam ukleblad unda miscen, romelic ganwesebuli aqvs
goris cixis minbaSsa da cixis mcvelT ver mouSli. Tu ki ar
miscemen, mas ukan iasauliT gamoerTmeva, icodnen~1. meci-
xovneebi da metexelebi `salbaSs~ iRebdnen. `salbaSi~ gorSi
Semozidul tivze erTi xis gadasaxadi iyo.
cixisTavisa da mecixovneTa sakvebiT momarageba mouravs,
mamasaxliss da gorelebs evalebodaT. zogierTi sabuTidan
Cans, ramden da ra saxis produqts awvdidnen cixisTavsa da
guSagebs2.
cixisTavi cixis sruli baton-patroni iyo da mefuri pati-
viscemiT sargeblobda. is cxovrobda xazinis xarjebiT aSe-
nebul orsarTulian saxlSi. mas SeeZlo guSagi gaeTavi-
suflebina da misgan aeRo 2 man. vercxli. mas Tavis kacebi
hyavda dayenebuli mtkvris piras da qalaqis WiSkrebTan, rom-
lebic `saminbaSo baJs~ iRebdnen. baJi ikribeboda yvelaferze,
rasac vaWrebi gaatarebdnen: urem Rvinoze erTi tiki, urem
naxSirze _ erTi kalaTi. 1800 w. Sedgenil samefos Semosavlis
angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom minbaSis ijariT, romelic dawe-
sebuli iyo sapalneze, xazinas yovelwliurad 400 man.
Semosavali hqonda3. Tu vinmes pirutyvi SemTxveviT gadavidoda
sxvis yanaSi, pirutyvis patrons minbaSis sasargeblod
daajarimebdnen4.
erekles mefobis dasasruls (1794-1795 w. dasawyisi), ucnobi
mizeziT, dimitri diasamiZe Tavis movaleobas aRar asrulebda.
savaraudoa is gorelebma, amilaxvris mxardaWeriT, cixidan
gaaZeves. gorelebsa da cixisTavs Soris winaaRmdegobis erTi
momenti maSin iyo, roca maT SeSis micema Seuwyvites. gore-
lebis aseTi ganwyobilebiT, albaT, isargebla amilaxvarma,
cixisTavi gaaZeva da goris cixeSi mis saxlkars daepatrona.

2 iqve, gv. 18-21, #17-21.
3 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I. с. 197, #160.
4 «Кавказ», 1855, №49.
352
erekle 1795 w. 29 ianvars dimitri diasamiZes ubrZanebda: `mere
Sen axlav unda waxvide da gorsa da, rogorc rom goris
cixeSi minbaSaT mdgarxar, isev ise unda imimbaSo da goris
cixe ise unda Seinaxo da Sens mdgomareobSi unda iyo, rogorc
dRevandlamde yofila, isev ise unda imyofebode. arc uwin
gamogviyvanixar mag cixidama da axlac ase gvibrZanebia, midi
cixeSi dadeg da cixe Seinaxe~. imave brZanebaSi oTar amilax-
vrisadmi naTqvamia, rom man minbaSs cixeSi dabrunebisa da
Tavis movaleobis Sesrulebis saSualeba misces1.
magram, rogorc zemoT ukve vTqviT, amilaxvarma am droidan
cixeSi daido bina, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom erekles brZaneba
ar Sesrulda. isic sayuradReboa, amis Semdeg minbaSi
wyaroebSi aRarsad gvxvdeba.
cixisTavi _ minbaSi mraval wyaroSia naxsenebi, magram ume-
tesad saxelisa da gvaris gareSe. mxolod ramdenime minbaSis
saxelma moaRwia Cvenamde.
1689 _ mamad baRir-begi
1772-1774 _ gogia
1781 _ diasamiZe ioane
1785 _ diasamiZe tetia
1786 _ diasamiZe iovane
1788 _ beJani
1790-1795 _ diasamiZe dimitri
mamasaxlisi
qalaqis marTva-gamgeobaSi umniSvnelovanesi moxele mamasa-

xlisi iyo. igi mravalferovan saqmianobas eweoda: axorci-
elebda administraciul funqciebs, monawileobda sasamarTlo
saqmeebis garCevaSi, sxva moxeleebTan erTad ganagebda bazrisa
da savaWro saqmeebs, monawileobda sxvadasxva sabuTebis
(nasyidobis wignebi, anderZebi, arzebi) SedgenaSi. amgvarad,
qalaqis marTvaSi mouravis Semdeg upirveles moxeled mama-
saxlisi iTvleboda. igi mouravs emorCileboda, Tumca mefe ni-
Snavda.
353
goris mamasaxlisi moixsenieba svimon I-is 1594 w. ianvris
`siTarxnis wyalobis wignSi~1, magram mamasaxlisis roli da
mniSvneloba qalaqis marTvaSi bundovania. gakvirvebas iwvevs
da Znelad asaxsnelia is, rom sabuTSi dasaxelebulia ara
erTi, aramed ramdenime mamasaxlisi (`mamasaxlisni~). aseve
mravlobiT ricxvSia `taruRa~, romelic mouravs Seesityveba.
aRniSnul sabuTSi mamasaxlisebi dasaxelebulni arian
taruRebis, amilaxoris da cixisTavis Semdeg. Cans, rom mama-
saxlisi maRali rangis moxele iyo. is im moxeleebs Soris
aris, romlebsac mefe zogadad moxeleebs uwodebs: àwe gib-
rZanebT, karisa Cuenisa vaqil-vazirno da goris taruRano, ami-
laxoro, cixisTao, mamasaxlisno da sxuano Ãelosanno~.
mamasaxlisi rom namdvilad mouravs emorCileboda da mas-
Tan erTad ganagebda saqalaqo saqmeebs, amaze miuTiTebs ros-
tom მefis 1656 w. `sadroSos sardlobis waylobis wigni~, mefe
brZanebs: `da samarTali maTi (gorelebis _ e. m.) ara ikiTxe-
boda uTqvenod (umouravod _ e. m.): vercvis gahyrides Tquenad
SeukiTxavad mamasaxlisi da vercvis mamuls miscemdes da
vercvis gamoarTuemdes~2. rogorc moyvanili amonarididan Cans,
mamasaxliss aRniSnuli qmedebis ufleba mouravTan SeTanxmebis
Semdeg hqonda.
mamasaxlisi rom mefis brZanebis aRmasrulebeli moxele
iyo adgilze, kargad Cans luarsab mefis 1610 wlis wyalobis
wignidan. mefe mimarTavs Tavis moxeleebs: àwe gibrZanebT,
karisa Cuenisa veqil-vezirno, mdivanno da sxvano mosaqmenno...
gorisa mourao da mamasaxliso, Tqvenca asre gauTaveT, ra
rigadac ama Cuengan nawyalobevs farnavanSi eweros, nurca ras
Tqven SeuSliT da SeecilebiT~. 1661 w. mamulis wyalobis wign-
Si garkveviT weria: ùzedaesTa mogaxsenebT da uquedaesTa
gibrZanebT, karisa Cuenisa veqil-vezirno, goris mouravo da
mamasaxloso, Tqvenca ase gauTaveT da nuras SeuSliT, Tunier
Tanadgomisa da Sewevnisagan kidev~3. 1664 w. sigelSi gadmoce-
mulia mariam dedoflis survili, goris mamasaxlisma icodes

354
dedoflis mier wereTelaSvilis mamulisa da saxl-karis ekle-
siisaTvis Sewirvis Sesaxeb1.
amgvarad, sxvadasxva drois sabuTebidan Cans, rom mamasax-
lisi goris marTvisas mefis miTiTebiT moqmedebda da emorCi-
leboda mouravs. goris mamasaxlisis uf-leba albaT imiTac
izRudeboda, rom goris mouravi, qarTlis samefos erT-erTi
didi feodali da imave dros, sadroSos sardalic iyo. am
ukanasknel moments garkveuli mniSvneloba eqneboda goris
samoxeleo aparatis warmomadgenelTa gavlenaze da saqmiano-
baze. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, mouravi Tu feodalTa klass
ekuTvnoda, mamasaxlisi vaWar-xelosanTa rigebidan iyo
gamosuli. am mxriv sainteresoa 1699 wlis erTi sigeli, romel-
Sic aisaxa gorelebisa da farsadan ciciSvilis dava tyiT
sargeblobis gamo. goris mouravi amiran amilaxvari, gorele-
bis interesebs ki ar icavs, aramed mowmed gamodis sxva feoda-
lebTan erTad. mamasaxlisi zuraba ki Tanamoqalaqeebis gver-
diT aris, rogorc Civilis dros, ise sadavo sakiTxis mogvare-
bisas2.
XVIII s. 30-iani wlebidan 80-iani wlebis dasawyisamde gorSi
mamasaxlisis magier zogjer meliqs vxedavT. meliqis Tanamde-
boba gorze adre TbilisSi gaCnda. daviT batoniSvilis mixed-
viT, saqarTveloSi meliqebi somxuri mosaxleobisaTvis iniS-
nebodnen. S. mesxias miaCnda, rom meliqis samoxeleo Tanamde-
boba, erTis mxriv TbilisSi somxuri mosaxleobis gamravlebiT
da, meore mxriv, mahmadianuri aRmosavleTis gavlenis Sedegi
iyo3.
gorSi meliqis gaCena somxuri mosaxleobis momravlebis
Sedegi ar unda yofiliyo. somxebi gorSi XVIII s. 30-ian wlebze
adrec cxovrobdnen. S. mesxiam yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas,
rom goris meliqi pirvelad `yizilbaSobis~ droisaTvis gaCnda
da yizilbaSTa batonobis TandaTanobiT gaqrobasTan erTad
gaqra. werilobiTi wyaroebi srul safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT,
rom meliqi gorSi eTnikuri cvlilebebis Sedegad warmoSo-
1 gsiem, #7601/37.
2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 864-865.
355
bili axali Tanamdeboba ki ar iyo, aramed qarTuli mamasax-
lisi aRmosavluri terminiT, meliqiT, Seicvala.
meliqi pirvelad `julabaSvilebis davTarSi~ 1728 w. moix-
seneba1, ukanasknelad ki 1781 w.2.
aRniSnul periodSi (1728-1781 ww.) meliqi ar cvlis
mamasaxliss. drois am monakveTSi zogjer mamasaxliss vxedavT,
rac mafiqrebinebs, rom gorSi am ucxo samoxeleo termins ver
Seeguen. is xan ixmareboda, xan ara. SeiZleba meliqs im mama-
saxliss uwodebdnen, romelic somxuri warmoSobis an sarwmu-
noebis iyo. amas imitom vambob, rom ar Semxvedria arc erTi sa-
buTi, sadac gorSi erTsa da imave dros dasaxelebuli iqnebo-
da mamasaxlisi da meliqi3. zemoaRniSnuli periodis sabuTebSi
erTi, mamasaxlisis funqciis Semsrulebeli moxele Tu meli-
qad iwodeba, misi Semcvleli sxva pirovneba ki mamasaxlisad.
goris pirveli meliqi, TayinaSvili farsadani, am Tanam-
debobaze iyo sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi _ 1728-1747 ww.4
meliqebi, saxelebis gareSe moixseniebian, agreTve, 1775, 1776,
1781 wlebis sabuTebSi5.
mamasaxlisis movaleobas Seadgenda nasyidobis wignebis
damtkiceba. mamasaxliss saTanado davTari hqonda, romelsac
`dahnimis davTari~ ewodeboda. masSi tardeboda nasyidobis
yvela wigni, rac, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebels xdida
aRedginaT dakarguli sabuTi6.
1636 w. mamasaxlisi alibegi adasturebs saxlis nasyidobis
sabuTs7. igive alibegi 1650 w. amowmebs xarataSvilis mier
1 julabaSvilebs davTari, gv. 214.

2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 398;
saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 148.
3 gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba ix. mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, gv. 428.
4 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 49, sab. 33; davT 49; sab.
103; saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 460, #499; julabaSvilebis
davTari, gv. 214.
5 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 46, sab. 95, davT. 47, sab.
116; TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv.
398, saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 148;
6 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, gv. 435.
356
endronikaSvilisaTvis micemul miwis nasyidobis wigns1. mamasa-
xlisi goderZi giorgi SatberaSvilis mier Taya TumaniSvi-
lisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis wignis mowmea2. mamasa-
xlisi daviTi 1665 w. mowmea estates mier Tavis ganayof farsa-
danisaTvis micemuli venaxis gacvlis wignisa3; mamasaxlisi
daviT endronikaSvili mowme da damweria papuna SatberaSvilis
mier zurab TumaniSvilisaTvis micemuli nasyidobis wignisa
1678 w.4 da sxv.
mamasaxlis valdebuli iyo mefe, dedofali, batoniSvilebi
da karis maRali rangis moxeleni moemaragebina sxvadasxva
saxis saqonliT da produqtebiT. erekle II 1791 w. 7 ivniss mama-
saxlis zurabas ubrZanebda: `goris mamasaxliso! dReisaTvis
saldaTebsa da TofCebs samocdaToTxmets kacs, ocda eqvis li-
tra naxevari fqvili moec~5. goris mamasaxliss anlogiuri
xasiaTis brZanebas aZlevda saxlTuxucesi ioane _ àmad xanisa
da mamad asan xanisa da askar xanis kacebs a dRisa _ amaT puri
Careqi cxra. amaT qaTami ori, amaT brinji litra erTi Tavisi
erboTi, amaT Tafli naxevari litra, amaT marili naxevari
Careqi, amaT qonis sanTeli erTis Saurisa, goris mamasaxliso,
am siiT es Sen moec~6.
mamasaxliss cixeSi mdgomi jaris sakvebiT momarageba eva-
leboda: `goris mamasaxliso! cixeSi mdgomT jariskacT erTi
Tvis ulufaT oras oci litra fqvili miscemia Tqvengan.
Tqvens sursaTSi geangariSebaT~ _ swers erekle 1789 w. 31
agvistos7. imave wlis 20 oqtombers erekle goris mamasaxliss
kvlav ubrZanebs mecixovneni SeSiTa da ulufiT moamaragos:
`goris mamasaxliso da gorelebo! cixes myofT kaxT kacT
xuTi litra yveli moec... dReSi ori sapalne SeSac aZliveT~8.
1 xec, Hd, #6441.

2 iqve, Hd, #13051.
3 iqve, Qd, #195.
4 iqve, Hd, #10203.
5 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 20.
7 gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 18.
8 iqve, gv. 19.
357
mouravTan erTad mamasaxliss cixis samuSaoebis organi-
zacia da am mizniT saWiro Tanxebis gamonaxvac evaleboda. amas
gviCvenebs 1774 w. 18 martis oqmi1.
mamasaxlisi ganagebda `xarjis davTars~, romelSic TiTo-
euli moqalaqis socialuri mdgomareoba, valdebulebani da
gadasaxadebi aRiniSneboda. `xarjis davTari~ is umniSvnelo
dokumenti iyo, romelsac angariSs uwevdnen sasamarTloSi2.
mamasaxlisi monawileobda mefis mier daniSnuli arasis-
xlis danaSaulis saqmeebis garCevaSi. sasamarTlos mouravi
meTaurobda. goris mouravi avTandil amilaxvari 1711 w. 15 de-
kembris ganCinebaSi werda: `Cven mouravman amilaxvar batonma
avTandil daviswariT mdivani daviT, goris qeTxudebi da gore-
lni... da amaT (garsevaniSvilebis _ e. m.) sarCeli da saCivari
gavigoneT~3. revaz amilaxvari 1763 w. ganCinebaSi pirdapir
acxadebs: àxla Cven, amilaxorma revaz gverdiT viaxleT
goris mamasaxlisi giorgi, goris qeTxudebi. amaTi (modaveebis
_e. m.) samarTali gavsinjeT~4. erekle 1791 w. 10 aprils oTar
amilaxvars ubrZanebs: `batono amilaxvaro oTar, am arzis
patrons Tavisi rZali rom gayrazed uCivis, goris mamasaxlisi,
ori samRvdelo kaci, oTxi qeTxuda SenTan daiswar, rac
wignebi hqondes, orTave miatanine, kargad gamoiZie da RmerTis
winaSe samarTalianaT moarige~5.
sayuradReboa, rom zogierTi sabuTis mixedviT, sasamarTlo
ver Sedgeboda, Tu mefis specialuri brZaneba ar iqneboda.
gorelma ioseb amiraRaSvilma 1801 w. 24 aprils saqarTvelos
mmarTebel daviTs mimarTa: `goris moxeleebzed da mosamar-
Tleebzed erTi oqmi miboZoT~, raTa Cemi saCivari ZmasTan Cemi
gayris Sesaxeb gaarkviono. daviTma goris mamasaxlis isais da
goris qeTxudebs ubrZana: `rogorc rigi iyos, eseni alaparakeT
da samarTliT gahyareTo~6.
1 iqve, gv. 12-13.

3 iqve, IV, gv. 234, #160.
4 iqve, gv. 489, #392;
5 iqve, VIII, gv. 100, #88;
6 iqve, VIII, gv. 728, #762.
358
mamasaxliss, rogorc qalaqis erT-erT gamgebels, evale-
boda oficialuri sasamarTlo sxdomis gareSec daecva sama-
rTlianoba1.
mamasaxliss evaleboda umemkvidreod amovardnilis (beiT-
almani) saxlkaris gadacema im pirisaTvis, vinc mefes mimar-
Tavda saTanado TxovniT da Tanxmobas miiRebda. erekle II
Cveulebriv beiTalmanis maZieblis arzas waawerda: `Cveni brZa-
neba aris goris mamasaxliso... mere am arzis patrons erTi
beiTalmani saxlis adgili uSovne da miec~2.
qalaqis mosaxleobasa da samefo kars Soris urTierTobaSi
Suamavlad xSirad mamasaxlisi gamoidoda da, saWiroebisda
mixedviT, xan erTi mxaris interesebs icavda, xan meorisa. ma-
riam dedofali 1664 w. goris mamasaxliss uTvlis, rom vinme
wereTelas mier amiraRaSvilis ymasTan dagiravebuli saxli
gamoisyida da eklesias Seswira. mamasaxliss Tvalyuri unda
edevnebina wereTela im saxlis giraodan daxsnas Tu moisur-
vebda, maSin dedofals or Tumans daubrunebda da saqmec mog-
vardeboda3.
zemoCamoTvlili ufleba-movaleobebis garda, mamasaxliss
zogierTi sxva uflebac hqonda.
sainteresoa, rogor nazRaurdeboda mamasaxlisis Sroma? am
sakiTxis gasarkvevad, marTalia, masala cota gvaqvs, magram
mcire ramis Tqma mainc SeiZleba.
`dasturlamalis~ Semdgenlebs ganuzraxavT gansakuTrebiT
gaemaxvilebinaT yuradReba goris mamasaxlisis sargoze da me-
20-e karSi calkea gamoyofili adgili `goris mamasaxlisis
sargosaTvis~. magram, samwuxarod, gaugebari mizeziT, aRar
dauweriaT4. mamasaxlisi, Tavisi movaleobis SesrulebisaTvis,
jamagirs ki ar iRebda, rogorc mefis moxele, aramed misi Se-
naxva mTlianad qalaqis mosaxleobas ekisreboda. is qalaqis
sxvadasxva Semosavlidan iRebda gansazRvrul nawils, e.i. Ta-
vis sargos.
1 iqve, VIII, gv. 306, #292.

2 iqve, VII, gv. 442, #444.
3 gsiem, #7601/37.
359
mamasaxliss wili hqonda saxelmwifo gamosaRebis _ malis
erTi nawilidan _ 1 Sauri; axali wlis pirveli sami dRis
ganmavlobaSi aRebul baJs amilaxvari da mamasaxlisi Tanabrad
inawilebdnen; masve ekuTvnoda gorSi Semotanili `Tevzis
sapalnezed _ erTi Sauri~1.
kanonieri Semosavlis garda, mamasaxliss ukanonoc hqonda.
es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis XVIII s. 80-90-ian wlebze. Cvenamde
moRweuli ori saCivridan, pirvelSi ukmayofilo moqalaqeTa
meTaurad mamasaxlisi Cans, magram 90-ian wlebSi mdgomareoba
radikalurad Seicvala. gorelebi mamasaxlisis moqmedebiT
iseve ukmayofiloni arian, rogorc mouravisa. unda vifiqroT,
rom mouravi iZulebuli gaxda gorelebis ukanonod ZarcvaSi
monopoliaze uari eTqva da naZarcvSi wilis dadebiT mamasax-
lisi Tavis mxareze gadaebirebina. gorelebis gancxadebiT, àm
qveynis ase gabegvrazed romeli mamasaxlisi Sehyria mouravs
amxanakaTa~, mouravi `Tavs dagvjdomia. mamasaxlisi ki bolo-
so~, `magaTi SiSiT bazarSi asnafebic2 veRar damdgaran~.
istoriul wyaroebSi goris Semdegi mamasaxlisebi Canan:
1636-1651 _ alibegi3;
1657 _ goderZi4
1660 _ zuraba5
1664 _ goderZi6
1665 _ daviTi7
1670-1675 _ zalia8
1 iqve, gv. 550-551.

2 xelosanTa da vaWarTa amqris wevrebi.
3 xec, Hd, #644; saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 52, sab.
113.
4 xec, Hd, #13051.
6 iqve, IV, gv. 122, #61.
7 xec, Hd, #195.
8 saqarTvelos centraluri arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 52, sab. 104;
saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli muzeumi, Sd #33.
360
1678-1686 _ andronikaSvili daviTi1
XVII s. 80-90-iani wlebis mijnaze _ gabriela2
1690-1699 _ zurab xiTariSvili3.
1704-1706 _ andronikaSvili merabi4.
1711 _ zuraba5.
1711-1713 _ andronikaSvili merabis Svili giorgi6.
1720-1734 _ andronikaSvili rostomi xangamoSvebiT7.
1725 _ zali8.
1732 _ avTandilisSvili zalia9.
1759-1761 _ babalasSvili giorgi10
1778 _ zorababel11.
1779 _ zurab12.
1785 _ avTandila13.
1787-1791 _ zurab amiraRaSvili14
1
xec, Hd #1020; sea, f. 1449, davT. 25, sab. 38; sea, f. 449, davT. 45, sab.
132; iqve davT. 49, sab. 106; siZveleni, II, gv. 181, #50; masalebi
saqarTvelos geografiisa da toponimikisaTvis, I, gv. 60.
2 10qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 864, #899.
3
xec, Sd, #552. xec, 1351. amave sabuTSi moixsenieba `Zveli mamasaxlisi
gabrieli~. es unda iyos imave saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasasrulis
mamasaxlisi gabriela.
4
saqarTvelos siZveleni, II, #400; dokumentebi, I, gv. 379, #531.
5
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 234, #160.
6
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 234, #160.
7
mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 425.
8
uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriisaTvis
(XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 33.
9
10
masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, II. gv. 43; saqa-
rTvelos siZveleni, III. gv. 432, #460. albaT es aris is
babalaSvili giorgi, romelic 1773 w. ambobda: `rac me mamasaxlis-
aT gxlebivar, sidamoniZe, gorelobiT ar gamigoniao~. ix.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 233, #235.
11
uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriis
aTvis (XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 72, #63.
12
13
14
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 721-722; saqarTvelos siZve-
leni, III, gv. 524, #542; dokumentebi, II, gv. 153, #244; saqarTvelos
erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 46, sab. 184; qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 94, #83.
361
1794 _ kaWkaWiSvili miqel1
1796 _ babua2
1799-1801 _ ohanjanaSvili isaia3.
Mmeliqi
1728-1746 _TayinaSvili farsadani14

1773-1775 _ zuraba25.
Nnacvali
saqalaqo mmarTvelobaSi mniSvnelovan rols nacvali

asrulebda. nacvals mefe niSnavda umTavresad marTlmadi-
debeli sarwmunoebis aznaurebidan. nacvali qalaqis mouravs
eqvemdebareboda, magram mis saqmianobas mamasaxlisic akon-
trolebda6.
gvianfeodalur gorSi nacvalis Tanamdeboba memkvidreob-
iTad gadaiqca. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi nacvlis Tanamdeboba
qarumiZeTa gvars ekava. CvenTvis cnobil ori sabuTSi (1681 da
1781 w.w.) sxva moxeleebTan erTad, goris nacvlebad qarumiZeebi
arian dasaxelebulni7.
yvelaze adrindeli sabuTi, romelSic goris nacvals
vxvdebiT, aris Sahnavazis 1659 w. siTarxnis wigni. Sahnavazi mo-
1
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 307, #292.
2
iqve, gv. 359, #338.
3
masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, gv. 280;
uCaneiSvili d., dokumentebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri
istoriisaTvis (XVII-XIX s.s.), gv. 122, #130; qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 728, #762; dokumentebi, II. gv. 120, #190.
4
dokumentebi, I, gv. 269. #384; iqve, gv. 449, #319; qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi, IV, gv. 341-342, ## 255-256.
5
gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 12, #6; iqve, gv. 12, #7;
6
7
saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, davT. 45, sab. 132; saqarTve-
los erovnuli arqivi, davT. 25, sab. 48; mesxia S., saistorio Zieba-
ni, II, gv. 444.
362
uravTan da mamasaxlisTan erTad nacvals ubrZanebs: qamalaSvi-
lebs `Tqvenc asre gauTaveT da nuraodes nu mouSliT da
SeecilebiT~1.
naklebmniSvnelovani sasamarTlo saqmeebis garCevaSi nacva-
li mamasaxlisTan erTad monawileobda. is amowmebda sxva-
dasxva xasiaTis sabuTebs, magram gasamrjelos gareSe. nacvals
Tvalyuri unda edevnebina qalaqSi myofi ucxoelebisaTvis da
yoveldRe mouravisaTvis moexsenebina maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb,
mudmivi kontroli unda daewesebina politikurad saeWvo pire-
bze, sasamarTlo pasuxisgebaSi micemulebze, davalianebulebze
da maTs Tavdebebze, raTa am kategoriis adamianebi qalaqidan
ar gasuliyvnen. im SemTxvevaSi Tu isini SemCneulni iqnebodnen
saeWvo saqmianobaSi, maSinve mouravisaTvis unda ecnobebina,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi TviT nacvali agebda pasuxs2.
erTi saintereso werili, gagzavnili dimitri orbelianis
mier amilaxvar iosebisadmi 1796 w. 23 ivliss, garkveul warmo-
dgenas gviqmnis nacvalze, qalaqSi wesrigis damcvelze da im
meTodebze, romelsac is iyenebda. batoniSvili iulonis meu-
Rle nacvals ubrZanebs, rom qurdi `sofias saxlSi hyavs,
daCxrikeT da gamoiyvaneT. nacvals Seeyara ormocamdi kaci da
ise mixdomoda SuaRamisas ras yiJiniT, ras yofiT, ras ambviT
da ras lanZRviT! es mTlad gorma icis... viRa daurCaT gorSi
gaulanZRavi da gaulaxavi!~3.
sapolicio samsaxurisaTvis nacvals garkveuli sargo
hqonda qalaqis sxvadasxva jarimebidan da Semosavlidan. magram
nacvlis Semosavali ZiriTadad mainc is iyo rac sulxan
mdivnis `dasturlamalis~ xelnawerSi iq sadac `goris nacvlis
sargozea~ naTqvami, rom àmilaxoris aTisTavi aqvs sxva ara-
ferio~, e.i. amilaxvris Semosavlis 1/104.
1
qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 284, #122.
2
3
saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv 374.
4
363
qedxuda
rogorc gvianfeodaluri saqarTvelos, ise goris saqalaqo

mmarTvelobaSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen qedxudebi. qedxudebs
qalaqis mosaxleoba Tavisi rigebidan irCevda saqalaqo da
sazogado saqmeebSi monawileobisaTvis. qedxudaT ramdenime
pirs irCevdnen. S. mesxias varaudiT, qedxudaTa arCeva qalaqis
ubnebis mixedviT xdeboda mosaxleobis zeda fenis, msxvili
vaWrebis rigebidan1.
qedxudebi, iseve rogorc feodaluri qalaqis dabali mo-
saxleobis danarCeni nawili, iuridiulad ymuri warmoSobisani
iyvnen. SedarebiTi materialuri simZlavre maT ar
aTavisuflebda ymuri mdgomareobidan. TumaniSvilebi 1788 w.
darejan dedoflisaTvis mirTmeul arzaSi acxadebdnen: ìqav
goris memkuidre qeTxuda ymebi gvyolia da gvyavso~2.
yvelaze adrindeli cnobili sabuTi, sadac goris qedxu-
debi arian naxsenebi, vaxtang V Sahnavazis mier 1661 w. ga-
cemuli mamulis wyalobis wignia. sabuTi qarTul da sparsul
enaze Sedgenili. am garemoebaze imitom vamaxvileb yuradRebas,
rom qarTul teqstSi qedxudebi naxsenebi ar arian. sparsul
teqstSi ki vkiTxulobT: `xsenebuli qalaqis (gori _e. m.)
taruRam (mouravi _ e. m.), mamasaxlisma da sxva qeTxudebma
dawerilis Tanaxmad dadgenilad icnon es~3. Znelia imis Tqma,
mefem ratom miiCnia aucileblad sparsul teqstSi aReniSna
qedxudebis Sesaxeb, maSin, roca sparsuli teqsti qarTulad
Sedgenili sabuTis vrceli anotaciaa.
ar viciT gorelebi ramden qedxudas irCevdnen. gvian peri-
odis erT sabuTSi (1791 w.), marTalia, dasaxelebulia goris
oTxi qedxuda4, magram, savaraudoa, rom maTi raodenoba meti
iyo. aseTi varaudis uflebas TviT sabuTi iZleva: `batono
amilaxvaro oTar! _ ubrZanebs darejan dedofali, _ am arzis
patrons uCivis Tavisi rZali rom gayraze uCivis, goris
mamasaxlisi, ori samRvdelo kaci, oTxi qeTxuda SenTan
1 mesxia S., saistorio Ziebani, II, gv. 476, 477, 480.

364
daiswar, da RmerTis winaSe samarTali moarige~.
sabuTis
mixedviT, oTar amilaxvars saqmis gasarCevad unda daebarebina
mamasaxlisi, ori (da ara yvela) eklesiis msaxuri (maSin gorSi,
orze meti samRvdelo piri iyo) da qedxudebis mxolod erTi
nawili, e.i. oTxi qedxuda.
aseve oTxi qedxudis daswrebazea naTqvami 1793 w. saqmis
garCevis sabuTSi1. maSasadame, amilaxvris mier saqmis garCevis
dros 4 qedxudis daswreba aucilebeli iyo, Tumca Semdgomi
wlis, erekle II-is mier petre avaliSvilis arzazea miwerili
oqmiT, sasamarTloze `sami-oTxi goreli qedxudis~ daswreba
aucilebeli iyo.
im mravalricxovan sabuTSi, romlebSic saqmis garCevis
dros qedxudTa raodenoba ar aris miTiTebuli da mxolod
nabrZanebia amilaxvarma qedxudebi miiyvanoso, aseT SemTxveva-
Sic, 3-4 qedxuda unda vigulisxmoT.
qedxudTa raodenoba rom mravali iyo da am wodebas va-
WarTa zeda fenis yvela warmomadgeneli atarebda, amaze miuTi-
Tebs 1746 wlis is sabuTi, romelSic avRanelTa jaris
Cayenebazea laparaki. goris meliqi farsadana Teimuraz II-s
swers: àmaTi samyofi saxli gors ar aris, oTxi-xuTi komli
riiaTi qeTxudebi TiTo saxlSi damiyenebia, sxva amaT (avRane-
lebs _ e.m.) miveci~2. meliqma Tu TiTo saxlSi qedxudaTa oTxi-
xuTi ojaxi Seasaxla, gamodis, rom maTi raodenoba sakmaod
didi unda yofiliyo.
qedxudebis, rogorc savaWro saqmeebSi garkveuli ada-
mianebis movaleobas Seadgenda qalaqSi gasayid saqonelze
nixris daweseba: gorSi àmilaxoris nixrTan saq-me ara aqvs,
qedxudebis aris~ _ acxadebdnen goreli qedxudebi erekle II-
sadmi mirTmeul saCivarSi. goreli qedxudebi am privilegiiT
gansxvavdebodnen saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebis qedxudebisagan.
TbilisSi nixris damdgeni mouravi iyo, TelavSi _ nacvali.
qedxudebi amowmebdnen nasyidobis wignebs, savaWro garige-
bebs, moqalaqeTa gayrilobis wignebs da sxv. qedxudaTa saqmia-
nobis sailustraciod moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTs.
1 iqve, gv. 222, #205.

2 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 560, #499.
365
1711 w. 15 dekembers Zmebis garsevaniSvilebis gayris saqmeSi
mefis moxeleTa garda monawileobdnen `goris qedxudebi da
gorelni, visac ekiTxeboda~1.
qedxudebi gorelTa interesebis damcvelad gamovidnen 1749
w. gorel giorgi bainduraSvilTan davaSi. saqme mdivanbegma
gaarCia2.
1763 w. 14 aprils revaz amilaxvari, mamulis gayofis saqmis
garCevisas acxadebs: àxla Cven, amilaxorma revaz gverT viax-
leTYgoris mamasaxlisi giorgi, goris qeTxudebi~3.
mamasaxlisTan erTad qeTxudebi goris interesebis damc-
velad gamodian mefis sasamarTloSi episkopos besarionis yma
gogila aladaSvilis saqmis garCevis dros4, sabatoniSvilo
ymebis mRebriSvilebis saqmeze5. episkoposi besarioni gorelebs
uCivis, rom goris mamasaxlisi da qeTxudebi mis yma gogila
aladaSvils saero mebatoneTa ymebis msgavsad yovelgvar
gadasaxadebebisa da valdebulebebis Sesrulebas sTxovdnen,
magram, rogorc gairkva, goris moqalaqeebs TavianTi preten-
ziebis gasamarTlebeli raime sabuTi ar hqondaT. sasamar-
Tlosa da mefe erekle II-is mxardaWriT besarionis saeklesio
yma ganTavisuflda arasaeklesio xarjebisa da movaleobebis-
gan6.
qedxudebi mowmed iyvnen (1778 w.) mamis mier Svilis gayid-
visas7.
zemomoyvanili sabuTebidan Cans rom qedxudebi gorSi,
iseve rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebSi, mniS-
vnelovan rols TamaSobdnen saqalaqo cxovrebis sxvadasxva
sferoSi, gansakuTrebiT samarTlis warmoebaSi.
1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 234, #160, ix. agreTve, qarTuli
samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 100, #88.
2
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, IV, gv. 728, #762.
3 iqve, gv. 489, #392.
4 iqve, gv. 578, #454.
5 iqve, gv. 613-614, #442.
6 iqve, gv. 578, #454.
7 iqve, gv. VII, gv. 421, #442.
366
mebaJe
gvianfeodalur gorSi, rogorc saqarTvelos did da mcire

qalaqebSi, arsebobda sabaJoebi. mebaJeTa upirvelesi mova-
leoba qalaqSi savaWrod Semotanili-gatanil saqonelze baJis
akrefa iyo. sabaJoO sistemis arseboba sagrZnoblad aferxebda
Tavisufali vaWrobis ganviTarebas.
wyaroebidan irkveva, rom qalaqSi erTi raime garkveuli
adgili _ `sabaJo~, sadac mebaJe dajdeboda da kontrols
gauwevda gamvlel-gamomvlel vaWrebs, ar arsebobda. mebaJe,
Cveulebriv, dadioda da ise asrulebda Tavis movaleobas. is
fxizlad adevnebda Tvals mgzavrebs, raTa vinmes Tavi ar aeri-
debina baJis gadaxdisaTvis. goris mebaJis aseT saqmianobaze
`dasturlamali~ gvamcnobs: `qalaqs gacilebuls, gors Camoci-
lebuls, gaRmiT Tu gamoRmiT, mTaze Tu saiTac sapalnes gaa-
tareben, amas goris mebaJe ar daiklebs~1.
1662 w. vaxtang V-m goris baJis mesamedi sveticxovels
Seswira. am droidan sveticxovlis wil baJs kaTalikosis mier
daniSnuli mebaJe krefda. amgvarad, 1662 wlidan ori mebaJe iyo:
mefisa da kaTalikosisa. goris mebaJis uflebebi kanoniTa da
tradiciiT iyo dadgenili da `ZueliTgan xelmwifeTagan am
rigad Seswiroda: rac qalaqidame, ginda somxiT-sabaraTiano-
dame, anu TrialeTidame da an kaxeTidame, qarTliT gaRma-
gamoRma mgzavrman Seiaros da anu mzovreTsa da mas queSeT
TrialeTidame Camoiaros, rac goris mebaJem baJi aiRos, mesa-
meds batonis kaTalikozis mebaJes nu daaklebs; mebaJeni gorisa
da batonis kaTalikozisa erTad unda iaron~2. magram imave
Sewirulobis wignidan irkveva, rom kaTalikosis mebaJes saqar-
Tvelos yvela mxridan Semotanil saqonelze xeli ar miuwv-
deboda. aseT gamonakliss warmoadgenda is `vinc an samcxidame
da imereTidame mgzavri Camovides da gors movides da gors
ivaWris, iqidame gabrundes, imasTan kaTalikozis mebaJes Ãeli
ara aqus~3. magram, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mesxi an imereli vaWari

2 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссие, I, с. #15; qarTuli
samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 224, #80.
367
ukan ar gabrundeboda da Tbilisisken an sxva mimarTulebiT
gaagrZelebda gzas, gors gascildeboda Tu ara, maSinve Cveu-
lebriv baJs gadaaxdevinebdnen.
mefe, Tavis Sexedilebisamebr, goris baJis gadaxdisagan
aTavisuflebda qarTuli, somxuri da kaTolikuri eklesiis
mimdevrebs, aTavisuflebda zogierT gorel vaWars da a.S.
`dasturalamaliT~, romelic Zvelad miRebul kanonebs da
tradiciebs asaxavda, dadgenili iyo goris sabaJo nixri:
`goris baJi aris: Tavrizis sapalne rom moitanon mZime farCa
Tu msubuqi, gauxsnelad, imaze gamoerTmevis sapalnezed mi-
nalTuni (1 man.) sami, ordabudis1 sapalnezed minalTuni ori,
endrozed _ abazi, banbazed _ ori abazi, marilis sapalnezed
ori bisti2, brinjzed xuTi Sauri, Tevzzed, xizilalazed,
qonzed, erbozed, matylzed, Razlzed, banalzed da tyavzed,
amebis sa-palnezed TviTo abazi gamoerTmevis~3.
wyaroebSi goris mebaJe pirvelad gvxvdeba rostom mefis
mier 1649 w. TumanianT mamukaSvilisadmi micemul siTarxnis
wignSi. magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs, rom samefo xelisuf-
leba gorSi manamde baJs ar iRebda. gori, rogorc savaWro-
saxelosno qalaqi feodalizmis epoqaSi, yovelTvis mniSvnelo-
van Semosavals aZlevda xazinas, eklesias da samoxeleo apa-
ratis erT nawils.
TumanianT mamukaSvilisadmi gacemuli sabaJo gadasaxadis
siTarxnis wigni erT saintereso momentsac Seicavs. mefe
vaWarTa jgufs, kerZod, TumanianT mamukaSvilebis yma-vaWrebs
uflebas aZlevs samoci Tumnis saqonelze, ganurCevlad saxe-
obisa àra qalaqs, ara gors da ara sxuagan baJi ar eTxove-
bodes~. magram im pirobiT, rom maT borotad ar unda gamoiy-
enon mefis wyaloba da `sxuis kacis saqoneli ar imisnos am
samocs Tumans gardaisad da arc amisagan nametnavi aroninos~.
xolo im Tanxidan, rac samoc Tumanze meti iqneba, baJs
arsebuli wesiT gadaixdidnen.
1 ordabudi qalaqia naxWevanSi, igi cnobili iyo meabraSumeobiT.

2 sefianTa iranSi XVI s. bolos SemoRebuli umciresi moneta,
bisti=2 kap.
368
eklesia goris baJs Cveulebrivi ijariT gascemda. 1706
wels kaTalikosma domentim Tbilisis, goris, cxinvalis da
alis da `yovlisa samefoisa~ sabaJoebi erTi wliT 23 TumnaT,
ijariT gasca. amasTan erTad ijaris amRebebma ikisres
kaTolikosisaTvis `mierTmiaT: zurgieli sami erT abazad, do-
Si Svid fulad (3 nax. k.), gverdi naxevar Saurad, xizilala
Saur or-or bistad (2 kap.) litra, TeTri brinji litra oTx
bistad, gelaqnuri Svid Saurad, zuTxi mucliani abazad,
taraRana or Saurad~1.
ara gvaqvs cnobebi goris mebaJis Semosavalze. sagulisx-
moa, rom mas Tavisi movaleobis SesrulebisaTvis, rogorc
mefis moxeles, garkveuli sargo hqonda akrefili baJidan.
magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT moxeleTa TviTnebobisa da
gamomZalvelobas, mebaJe ukmayofilo ar unda yofiliyo Tavisi
SemosavliT.
qalaqis mwerali
goris moxeleTa Soris moixsenieba `qalaqis mwerali~ anu

`muSribi~. goris muSribi, goris mebaJesTan erTad dasa-
xelebulia rostom mefis 1649 w. brZanebaSi2. mwerlis Tanam-
deboba Cans feodaluri saqarTvelos mxolod or qalaqSi _
gorsa da TbilisSi3.
mwerlis movaleoba qalaqis mosaxleobis aRwera da maTi
socialuri mdgomareobis aRniSvniT saxelmwifo davTarSi
Setana iyo. maTve unda aeweraT qalaqis saxlebi da baRebi, qa-
laqis sabaJoSi Sesuli saqoneli da sxv.4. mwerali, qalaqis
sabaJosTan saqmianobis gamo, sabuTebSi xSirad mebaJesTan
erTad moixsenieba, oriveni ki mouravs emorCilebodnen.
mwerali valdebuli iyo mebaJesTan erTad aesrulebina
mefis yoveli gankarguleba, im cvlilebebis gatareba, rasac
xelisufleba ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilad CaTvlida.
rostom mefe amitom brZanebda: `gibrZanebT... gorisa Tu Cuenis
1 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, с. 54.

4 iqve, gv. 468.
369
sabatonos mouravno, muSribno da mebaJeno, Tquenca asre
daumtkiceT (TumanianT mamukaSvils baJidan ganTavisufleba _e.
m.) da nuras SeecilebiT da mouSliT Tuinier Tanadgomisa da
Sewevnisagan kide~1.
mwerlis saqmianobis erTi mniSvnelovani mxaris, kerZod
sabaJoSi Sesuli saqonlis aRweris Sesaxeb, saintereso masa-
las iZleva zemoT moyvanili vaxtang V-is 1662 w. Sewirulobis
wigni. mefe, goris mebaJesTan erTad, muSribsac afrTxilebda
`goris baJidan kaTalikoss araferi daakloTo~2.
mwerali monawileobda zogierTi msubuqi sasamarTlo
saqmeebis garCevaSi3.
mwerlis Semosavali, rogorc `dasturlamalidan~ Cans,
ZiriTadad sabaJo gadasaxadis erTi saxeoba `samuSribo~ anu
`muSribana~ iyo: `banbis sapalne, aqlems hkidia Tu cxensa,
sapalnezed ori abazi aris Tu Raribi kaci moitans, erTi
Sauri muSribana aris~; `zeTis sapalnezed erTi abazi aris da
naxevari Sauri muSribana~; `Cvenis moqalaqis abreSumisa da
farCis sapalnezed sam-sami abazi muSribana aiRebis, ramdenic
sapalne iqnebis~4.
mwerlis pirdapiri Semosavlis Sesaxeb sxva cnoba ara
gvaqvs, magram wyaroebidan Cans, rom mwerals xelisufle-
bisagan miniWebuli privilegirebuli mdgomareoba saSualebas
aZlevda sxvadasxva gziT gaedidebina Tavisi qoneba da Semo-
savali. 1778 w. amilbar saxlTuxucesi uCivis papa mwerals,
romelsac misi nayidi ymis warTmeva ganuzraxavs5.
mwerlis TviTneboba, mosaxleobis Seviwroeba, naCvenebia
gorelebis 1781 wlis saCivarSi. goris mweralma papa ala-
papaSvilma gorelebs waarTva saZovari `karaleTis bolodan...
goris wisqvilebamdin... zogs TiTona xnavs da zogs sxuaT
axunevinebs da Ralas TiTon iRebs~6.

3 iqve, VIII, gv. 94, #83.
6 iqve, gv. 514, #542.
370
mdivanbegi
sasamarTlo saqmeeebis garCevaSi mniSvnelovan rols mdi-

vanbegi asruldebda. mdivanbegebi samefos umaRlesi msa-
julebi iyvnen. maTi erTi nawili sagangebod qalaqebSi mosa-
marTelobda, ris gamo isini `qalaqis mdivanbegebad~ iwode-
bodnen. erekle II-is mefobis dros, qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi 13-
ze meti mdivanbegi iyo da ufleba hqondaT TbilisSi, gorSi,
TelavSi da siRnaRSi yofiliyvnen. mdivanbegebi, rogorc
umaRlesi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenelni, ro-
gorc sisxlis samarTlis, ise samoqalaqo saqmeebs arCevdnen1.
mdivanbegebad mxolod msxvili feodaluri sagvareuloebis
warmomadgenlebi iniSnebodnen.
`dasturlamali~ mdivanbegis sasamarTlo funqciebs amgva-
rad gansazRvravs: àgreTve goreli kaci _ gareSe kacs da
gareSe kaci gorels kacs uCiodes, samefosa Tu sadedoflos
uCiodes, mdivanbegTan iCivlon da gaurigos. Tu goreli kaci
erTmaneTs uCiodes da Tavisi nebiT mdivanbegs SemosCivlon,
samarTali mdivanbegman uyos~2. maSasadame, Tu goreli da ara-
goreli erTmaneTs edavebodnen, saqmis gasarCevad mdivan-
begisaTvis unda miemarTaT. magram, im SemTxvevaSi Tu gorelebi
daobdnen, mdivanbegi mxolod maSin gaasamarTlebda maT, roca
modaveni TviTon moisurvebdnen maTi saqme mdivanbegs gaerCia.
mdivanbegs SeeZlo saqmis garCeva mamasaxlisisa da qedxu-
debisaTvis daevalebina. 1781 w. mdivanbegma iese amilaxvarma
goris mamasaxlis zurabs, nacvals garsevans da qedxudebs ub-
rZana Zmebi zamsaSvilebis gayra3. aq, albaT, iseT SemTxvevasTan
gvaqvs saqme, rodesac modaveebma mdivanbegis sasamarTlos
mimarTes, magram mdivanbegs gadaudebeli saqmis an gorSi aryo-
fnis gamo am saqmis garCeva ar SeeZlo.
samarTlis warmoebisaTvis arsebobda specialuri sargo,
romelsac `samdivanbego~ ewodeboda. `samdivanbegos~ iRebda
1 surgulaZe iv., saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis isto-

riisaTvis, I, gv. 320.
2 dasturlamali, gv. 637; qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos is-
toriisa da mwerlobisa, III, gv. 14.
371
mouravi, mdivanbegi, e.i. yvela isini vinc sasamarTlo process
uZRvebodnen.
`dasturlamalSi~ mtkicedaa dadgenili mdivanbegis `samdi-
vanbego~. roca ucxo kacTan davaSi goreli gamtyundeboda,
`samdivanbegos~ mdivanbegi da `mefis mdivnebi~ gaiyofdnen. Tu
piriqiT moxdeboda, maSin `naxevari samdivanbego-mdivanbegisa,
naxevari samdivanbego-amilaxorsa~. mdivanbegi iRebda erT abazs
gasamyrelos, 1/10-s mefis sasargeblo jarimidan. im SemTxvevaSi
Tu mdivanbegi adgilze aryofnis gamo sasamarTlos ver daes-
wreboda da dedoflis saxlTuxucesi gauZRveboda sasamar-
Tlos, mdivanbegi Tavis sargos mainc miiRebda1.
372
gori _ zemo qarTlis sadroSos centri
SedarebiT sruli warmodgena rom viqonioT feodaluri

saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi goris adgilze, mokled
mainc unda SevexoT zemo qarTlis sadroSos sakiTxs. sa-
droSos centri gori iyo.
XV saukuneSi erTiani saqarTvelos daSlis Sedegad qar-
Tlis, kaxeTis da imereTis samefoebis da xuTi samTavros
Camoyalibebas Tan axlda sadroSoebis warmoSoba.
qarTlis samefoSi Camoyalibda 4 sadroSo, isini samxedro
administraciul erTeulebs warmoadgendnen. Cvenamde moRweuli
wyaroebi ZiriTadad XVI-XVIII saukuneTa sinamdviles asaxavs,
amitom, ZiriTadad, am periodze vilaparakeb.
qarTlis mewinave sadroSos somxiT-saorbelos saTavadoebi
Seadgendnen. mas jer baraTaSvili sardlobda, Semdeg or-
beliani; memarjvene sadroSoSi zemo qarTlis saTavadoebi Se-
diodnen. zemo qarTlis saTavadoebsa da sadroSosac
amilaxvrebi sardlobdnen; memarcxene sadroSoSi Sedioda
samuxranbatono, qsnisa da aragvis saerisTavoebi da maT mux-
ran-batoni sardlobda1. meukanave sadroSos mefis sadroSo
warmoadgenda. masSi Sedioda sakaTalikoso laSqari. mis
sardals mefe niSnavda.
TiToeul sadroSos Tavisi droSa hqonda. magram sadro-
SoTa droSebis arsebobaze araviTari cnoba ara gvaqvs 1745
wlamde. viciT, rom, aRniSnul wels, Teimuraz II-m `brZana
droSaTa gakeTeba, gaakeTes viTac Zvelad rigi yofiliyo~.
maSasadame sadroSoebs Zveladac hqondaT droSebi, magram,
drois ganmavlobaSi moispo da maTi aRdgena-ganaxleba auci-
lebeli Seiqmna. daamzades oTxi droSa, qarTlis sadroSoTa
raodenobis mixedviT. TiToeul maTganze gamosaxuli iyo oTx-
oTxi jvari, albaT, isev sadroSoTa raodenobis aRsaniSnavad.
mefem èrTi uboZa orbelians qaixosros, meore _ muxran-batons
1 papuna orbelianis gadmocemiT, Teimuraz ùbrZana orsav

II-m
erisTavis jars muxran-batonis droSaze misvla, viTac ZvelTagan
ori erisTavis mamuli muxran-batonis sasardlo yofiliyo~. papuna
orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 102.
373
konstantines, mesame _ amilaxors dimitris da meoTxe batons
kerZo vlida~.
papuna orbeliani ar ambobs, magram unda vigulisxmoT, rom
yovel droSas, zemoaRniSnuli jvrebis garda, sxva raime
niSanic hqonda, romliTac isini erTmaneTisagan ganirCeodnen.
amaze migvaniSnebs imave avtoris Semdegi fraza: `vin visa
droSaze jari yofiliyo, isev Zvelsa rigze ganaweses da
Semoexvivnes Tvis Tvisi jari droSaTa~1.
cnobilia meore sadroSos droSaze warweris teqsti: `Cvens
keTilmsaxurman mefeman, Teimuraz miuboZe droSa ese didad
Cinebulsa da erTgulad namsaxursa batonsa mefesaTa muxranis
batons konstantines orisave saerisTos saZRvnad, odes cxebul
viqmeniT sacxebelTa mefeTTa nebiTa RTisiTa, TTvesa okton-
bersa pirvelsa dResa, dResaswaulisa svetisa cxovelisa qris-
tes aqeT CRme qks ulg~2.
ra Tqma unda, sxva sadroSoTa droSebze sxva Sinaarsis
warwerebi iqneboda.
e. TayaiSvilis mier aRweril droSas Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
cnobilia misi mrgvali zeda mxare, romlis SuaSi amotvi-
fruli amxedrebuli wm. giorgi SubiT gangmiravs gveleSaps. wm.
giorgis zemoT da qvemoT aris droSis damzadebis TariRi (1745
w.), xolo wriuli warwera gvamcnobs: `wina saZRvnad des
cxebul vqmeniT, sacxebeliTa mefeTTa nebiTa RTisTa TTvesa
okdonbersa pirvelsa dRes dResaswaulsa svetis cxove-
lisasa~3.
sardlis Tanamdebobaze damtkiceba xdeboda sazeimo cere-
monialis dros mefis mier droSisa da xmlis gadacemiT.
sardals emorCilebodnen sadroSos teritoriaze mcxovrebi
saero da sasuliero feodalebi, mouravebi da sxva moxeleebi.
sardals evaleboda omis dros jaris gamoyvana, mSvidobi-

2
Такаишвили Э., Серебряное знамя Мухранского владетеля Константина 1745 г. //
Известия Кавк. отделения им. Московского Арх. общества, вып. I, 1907, с. 117.
3 vadbolski m., saqarTvelos heraldikuri simbolika, Tb., 1980, gv. 36,
nax. 230.
374
anobis dros ki jaris wvrTna da momzadeba1. mas evaleboda,
agreTve, sadroSos teritoriaze arsebuli cixeebis movla-
patronoba.
zemo qarTlis sadroSos centri iyo gori, sadroSos
sardali ki amilaxori zedginiZeTa gvaridan. am gvaris erTi
warmomadgeneli amilaxori (mejinibeTuxucesi) aleqsandre
didis Svilis vaxtang mefis qvisli iyo. am gvaris meore
warmomadgeneli Taya imave aleqsandres molareTuxucesi iyo.
amave gvars ekuTvnoda agreTve goris mouraoba2.
* * *
vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, zemo qarTlis sadroSos
sazRvrebi àmisi ars: aRmosavleT... xazi kaspidam warsuli
Crdilos, gamWreli wlevisa, Savtyisa da misruli ksnis kidem-
de. da boladmde; samÃriT mdinare mtkuari; CrdiloT, romeli
aRvswerneT ksnis mamulis sazRvari, da merme kavkasi; dasavliT
Zirulas iqiT mTa kolbeurisa, mcire, romeli mihyveba Crdi-
loT kerZ perangamde, munidam erwo-kudaramde da esev mTa kol-
beurisa, ÃefinisÃevsa da amaSukeTs Sua, mihyvebis samÃriT vert-
yvilamde, vertyvilidam xazi Cxerimelis dabis quabamde, da
munidam maxvilos mTis gamWreli dviramde da bakurianis
mTamde. xolo muxranis TxoTis mTidam mosdevs mTa, dasav-
leTad, mtkuris kidesa, goris qalaqamde, da ewodebis mTa wle-
visa, mere kuernaqi~3.
vaxuStis mier Semoxazul zemo qarTlis sadroSos saz-
RvrebSi Tavsdeba dRevandeli raionebi: kaspis (nawilobriv),
axalgoris (nawilobriv), goris (nawilobriv), cxinvalis, javis,
znauris, qarelis (nawilobriv), xaSuris (nawilobriv), xara-
gaulis (nawilobriv), borjomis da axalcixis (nawilobriv)4.
1 jamburia g., adgilobrivi mmarTveloba, saqarTvelos istoriis

narkvevebi, IV, gv. 239.
2 kakabaZe s., sabuTi zemo qarTlis sasardlos Sesaxeb, saistorio
moambe, w. I, tf., 1925, gv. 254.
4 gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 77; misive, feodalur saqarTve-
los socialuri urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 288
375
XVII s. pirveli mesamedis erTi sabuTidan Cans romeli
saTavadoebi da sxva erTeulebi Sediodnen zemo qarTlis sa-
droSoSi. àq aris batonis amilaxoris droSazeda: batoni-
Svili giorgi, erTobilni zevdginiani, favleniani, maCabliani,
Tumaniani, batoni mrueli, avaliSvili qaixosro, batoni urb-
neli, falavandiani, batoni mTavarefiskopozi, rac gors zeiT
an sadedoflo aris, an suetis cxovelisa da ielusaremisa,
erTobilni amirejibiani, diasamiZe elizbar; rostom qavTaraZe,
Salva Tuxareli, amun TaqTaqiZe, TaqTaq tatiani da wereTlis
mamuli, abaSiZis mamulebi, itriis winamZRvari, abazaZe, damRa-
waSvili, avaliSvili gulbaT, fafina oxuziSvili~1.
rogorc vxedavT, sadroSos sazRvrebi myari ar iyo. igi
periodulad izrdeboda an mciredeboda, rac xSiri politiku-
ri viTarebis cvliT iyo gamowveuli. zemomoyvanili sabuTi-
sagan sagrZnobad gansxvavdeba al. amilaxvris mier SemoTavaze-
buli sazRvrebi. XVIII s. II naxevarSi zemo qarTlis sadroSoSi
Sedioda Semdegi saTavadoebi: amilaxvrebis, abaSiZeebis, fala-
vandiSvilebis, xerxeuliZeebis, daviTaSvilebis, amirejibebis,
TaqTaqiSvilebis, avaliSvilebis, xidirbegiSvilebis, mxeiZeebis,
diasamiZeebis, siamardaSvilebis, SalikaSvilebis, maCablebis,
sul 15 saTavado. amas emateboda memkvidre batoniSvilis saba-
tonodan gamoyvanili jari, romelic imave sadroSoSos
sardals, e.i. amilaxvars emorCileboda2.
zemomoyvanili ori wyaros erTmaneTTan SedarebiT irkveva,
rom XVII s. II naxevrisaTvis zemo qarTlis sadroSos Semadgen-
lobaSi aRar Sedioda mTeli rigi saTavadoebi da samflobe-
loebi.
zemo qarTlis sadroSoSi aRar Sediodnen: zevdgeniZeebi,
TumaniSvilebi, batoni mrueli, batoni urbneli, batoni
mTavarepiskoposi, Tvaldamwvrianebi, qavTaraZeebi, Tuxarelebi,
`TaqTaq tatiani~, wereTlis mamuli, itriis winamZRvari,
abaSiZeebi, damRawaSvilebi, oxuziSvilebi. rogorc vxedavT,
sadroSos danaklisi gansakuTrebiT dasavleTis mxares ganu-
cdia.
1 xec, Hd, #2124.

2 aleqsandre amilaxvari, georgianuli istoria, Targmani g. qi-
qoZisa, `mnaTobi~, 1939, #8, gv. 128.
376
sadroSos SemadgenlobaSi veRar vxedavT saeklesio mamu-
lebs. Teimuraz I-is `mcxeTis sasardlos ganawesebis wignidan~
(1749) gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom isini XVII saukuneSi
zemo qarTlis sadroSos SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen Sesulni
CvenTvis ucnobi garemoebis gamo. savaraudoa, rom samefo
xelisuflebis dasustebis gamo Tavisi sadroSos sazRvrebSi
gafantuli saepiskoposo da sveticxovlis mamulebi sardalma
miiTvisa. `laSqrobis garigebis wignebiT~, romlebic `ZvelT
xelmwifeT~ SeudgeniaT da maTze dayrdnobiT vaxtang VI-sac
daudgenia, Teimuraz II-m ganaaxla: `zemo qarTlis, Tu qvemo
qarTlis, sacicianos mxares, muxrans, somxeTs, sabaraTianos,
TrialeTs, qalaqs, Tu gors, cxinvals mTasa da bars, rasac
alags svetis-cxovelis yma iyos da esaxlos, aras sxva
sardlebs Ãeli ara aqvsT, Tavisi darbaiseli, aznauriSvili,
msaxuri da glexni, didni da mcireni... kaTalikozs iaxle-
bodnen da Semoeyrebodnen, laSqrobasa da nadirobaSi1 Cvens
droSaze iqnebodnen~2. samagierod, XVII s. II naxevarSi, sad-
roSos SemadgenlobaSi vxedavT xerxeuliZeebs, daviTaSvilebs,
xidirbegiSvilebs, mxeiZeebs, siamardaSvilebs, SalikaSvilebs
da maCablebs.
`zemo qarTlis sadroSo, _ werda d. gvritiSvili, _ sam
mTavar magistrals meTvalyureobda: 1. samxreT-dasavleTidan
borjomis xeobiT mimdinare magistrals; 2. lixTimereTidan
momaval gzebs da 3. didi liaxviT momdinare gzebs. Tu kaci
daukvirdeba, SeamCnevs, rom varZia, Tmogvi, xerTvisi, aspinZa,
axalcixe, awyuri, borjomi, axaldaba, surami, gori da sxvilo
_ erT mTlian magistrals qmnidnen feodalur saqarTveloSi~3.
amilaxvris ufleba-movaleobebze, mis Semosavlze gvaqvs
erTi saintereso sabuTi gacemuli rostom mefisa da mariam
dedoflis mier:
`nebiTa da SewevniTa R~Tisa Cven R~Tiv aRmarTebulman
R~Tiv damyarebulman da R~Tivgvirgvinosanman orisave sabato-
1 g. jamburias `laSqar-nadiroba~ gagebuli aqvs rogorc jaris

gawvrTna da momzadeba.
2 xec, Hd, #2124.
3 gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, 81; misive, feodalur saqarTvelos
socialuri urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 291.
377
nos mpyrobelman mefeT mefeman patronman rostom da Tana mec-
xedreman Cvenman dedofalT dedofalman patronman mariam ese
amieriT ukunisamdis JamTa da xanTa gasaTavebeli ... wigni da
sigeli SegiwyaleT da giboZeT Tqven CvenTa erTgulTa imedTa
da misandoTa da mravalguarad TavdadebiT erTgulad
namsaxurTa ymaT amilaxor anduyafars, Zmasa Tqvensa givsa da
demetres da SvilTa da momavalTa saxlisa Tqvenisa yove-
lTave. mas Jamsa odes amiloxorni sulkurTxeulni mamabiZani
Tqveni wesisaebr amier sofliT gardaÃdes Tqven Cvengan da
mamapapaTa naTesavTa CvenTagan naboZebi droSa da Ãmali
moguarTvi da aznauriSvilebi mogvisxiT, Cven SegiwyaleT da
giboZeT mkvidri naTesavTa TqvenTa naqoni droSa amilaxrobisa
saamilaxros mamulian aznauriSvilian glexianad da Semoga-
rtyiT Ãmali mebrZolTa CvenTa dasaCagravaT da gagiaxleT
sigeli samoTxeSigan msxdomarisa mama pap Zma naTesavTa Cvenisa
naboZebi. giboZeT da dagimtkiceT mouraoba gorisa da sama-
rTali maTi ara ikiTxodes uTqvenod, verc vis gahyrides
Tqvenad SeukiTxavad mamasaxlisi da verca vis gahyrides, verca
vis mamuls miscemdes da vercavis gamoarTmevdes, arc hqondes
mamasaxlis qalis gaTxovebis saCeqmosTan Ãeli da arc Tevzis
baJTana, saTqvenod iyos rogoraca Zvels sigelSi geweros,
jurumisaca da yovlisa feris iqauris mosavlis aTisTavis
saTao da rac samovrao wesi yofiliyos, ukleblad gviboZebia,
agreTve zemoqarTlis Tqvenis droSis sardroba, laSqroba,
nadiroba, kacis dayeneba, samarTali da an garigeba Zvelis
sigliT gagverigebinos. imave wesiT dagvimkvidrebia da dag-
vimtkicebia Tqven anduyafar amilaxorisaTvin, Svilisa Tqve-
nisa ioTamisa da avTandilisaTvin, Zmisa Tqvenisa givisa, demet-
resa, barZimisa da paatasTvin, SvilTa da SviliSvilTa moma-
valTa saxlisa TqvenisaTvin. gqondes da gibednieros R~Tn
orgulTa da mebrZolTa CvenTa Cvensa fexTa qveSe mosaqcevrad
da CvenTa erdgulebasa da samsaxursa Sigan araodes ar
mogeSalos ara Cvengan da ara Semdgomad sxvaTa mefeTa da me-
patroneTagan. agreve Tqvenad ukiTxavad verc dadgan koka, vera
litra da verc adli... vercavin mebJe daayenos uTqvenod da
somxis ymebma rom daaSavos rame, imisi jarumic Tqven gamoar-
TviT.
378
sanamdis givis ufrosi Zma, anduyafar, miicvaleboda, ese
sigeli manamdis gveboZebina misTvis, anduyafar ufrosad TavaT
davswereT da sanamdis gaTavebis beWeds simtkicisas dav-
svemdiT, sulkurTxeuli anduyafar amier sofliT miicvala da
amgvarad davbeWdeT sigeli sabolood gasaTavebeli. ese rome
ufrosad amilaxorad droSisa mqonebelad da jaris
~
gamZRolad (givi _ e. m.) gvibZanebia da gauTaos R Tn Cvensa
erdgulebasa da samsaxurSigan~1.
citirebuli sabuTi srul warmodgenas gviqmnis amilaxo-
ris, rogorc sadroSos sardlis mefisagan dadgenasa da mis-
Tvis uflebebis miniWebis Sesaxeb.
rogorc Cans, amilaxvrebs XV s. 40-iani wlebidan epyraT
saxelo da amisi damadasturebeli sabuTebi maT gaaCndaT.
sabuTebis ganaxleba xdeboda axali mefis mier, rodesac amis
Taobaze amilaxori da misi ojaxis wevrebi mefes miarTmevdnen
formalurad ubrunebs rostom mefes misi winaprebis mier
amilaxvarisaTvis naboZeb xelisuflebis aRmniSvnel insigniebs
_ droSas da xmals. amilaxvari, am SemTxvevaSi, tradiciulad
anduyafari mefes eaxleba Tavisi aznaurebiT. isini Seadgendnen
sadroSos mTavar Zalas. mefem da dedofalma anduyafars
xelaxla gadasces droSa da xmali da daumtkices aznaurebi
glexebianad. amasTan erTad daumtkices goris mouraoba.
amilaxvars eqvemdebareboda mamasaxlisi arasisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebis garCevis dros: ganqorwineba, mamulis gadacema an
CamorTmeva. amilaxvrisa iyo zogierTi gadasaxdi. amilaxvris
kompetenciaSi iyo sazom-sawyao inventarze kontroli da a. S.
rostom mefis brZanebiT dawerili sigelis damtkicebas
anduyafari ver moeswro, gardaicvala. sigelSi Sesworeba ar
Seitanes, igi amirindos saxelze darCa, magram sigelis bilos
minaweria, rom mefem da dedofalma amilaxvroba anduyafaris
momdevno Zmas, givis daumtkices.
imave givis dros Seiqmna erTi sayuradRebo sabuTi saami-
laxvros jaris raodenobisa da misi SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb. ami-
laxvris gankargulebaSi iyo: 230 Subosani, 162 mSvildosani,
228 Tofosani, uiaraRoT 97, sul: 717 sxvadasxva SeiaraRebiTa
1 kakabaZe s., sabuTi zemo-qarTlis sasardlos Sesaxeb, gv. 258-259.
379
da uiaraRoT1. gorSi mcxovrebi amilaxvris ymebis 20 komlidan
sardlis mowodebisTanave 30 mebrZoli gadioda, magram ar Cans
romeli sabrZolo iaraRiT iyvnen aRWurvilni2
samxedro funqciis garda, sadroSo administraciul fun-
qciasac asrulebda. saxelmwifoSi aRwerebi tardeboda sadro-
Soebis mixedviT. sardals aRwera 7 weliwadSi erTxel unda
Caetarebina. aRwera or mizans emsaxureboda: molaSqreTa rao-
denobis dadgena da saxelmwifo gadasaxadebis aReba. oriveze
pasuximsgebeli sadroSos sardali iyo3.
sardlis sargoze sayuradRebo cnobebia rostom mefis mier
1656 w. givi amilaxvrisadmi gacemul sigelSi: `...sigliTa pirve-
liTaca gangiaxleT amilaxrobisa droSa, SemogartyiT xmali
mosurad mebrZolTa da orgulTa CvenTa. kualaca pirvelidgan
sasardros saqme gari-gebuli qonodaT, awca gagirigeT da
dagimkvidreT sargo sardrobisa, asre rome, rodesaca Temi
aiwerebodes, erTis karis Cvenis mdivniTa Tqvens sasardros
Tqven aswerdeT, rac Tqveni droSis kaci saSoars iqmodes da
Cveni mefanjiaqeni fanjiaqs aiRebdes, rac aTis Tavi ergebodes,
misi naxevari Tqveni unda iyos da naxevari mefanjieqeT gaiyon.
Tqveni droSis kacs sasamarTlo saqme hqondes, Cvens karze
movidodnen, Tqvenc daxudebodeT da rasac Tqvenis da rasac
Tqvenis sasardros kacs laSqrobis barobazed mamuls wavarT-
uemdiT, imasac SemogekiTxebodeT da Tu uboZebdeT, Tqvenisav
SemokiTxulobiT wyalobas uzemdeT. ese Cvengan wyaloba ara-
odes ar mogeSalos da ra rigaTad Tqvengan Tqvenis droSis
kaci aiwerebodes, laSqarsac im anawerzed SemoguyrideT~4.
zemo qarTlis sadroSos sardlis ufleba-movaleobaze
gvaqvs zogierTi wyaro. 1644 w. rostom mefem beJan amilaxvars
misca wigni, romliTac mas ìmave rigiTa da wesiTa~ daumtkica
sardloba, rogoriTac mis winaprebs hqondaT. amilaxvars
1 kakabaZe s., saamilaxvros davTari me-17 s-nis meore naxevrisa, tf.,

1925, I-VI, gv. 1-28.
2 iqve, gv. 24-25
3 klimiaSvili ak., masalebi XV-XVIII s.s. qarTlisa da kaxeTis
sadroSoebis istoriisaTvis // XIV-XVIII s.s. ramdenime qarTuli
istoriuli dokumenti, Tb., 1964, gv. 127.
4 gvritiSvili d., goris istoria, gv. 82-83.
380
evaleboda mefis brZanebisTanave Seeyara jari da daniSnul
adgilze mieyvana. vinc mefis brZanebas ar daemorCileboda,
sardals unda daesaja da rac gansazRvruli iyo aseTi
danaSaulisaTvis, gadaexdevinebina.
sardlis funqciebze ufro met cnobebs Seicavs sadroSos
sardlobis wyalobis wigni rostom mefisa da anduyafar
amilaxvrisadmi (1656 w.). rostom mefe pirdapir CamoTvlis
anduyafaris movaleobas: àgreTve zemo qarTlis Tquenis
droSis sardloba: laSqroba, nadiroba, kacis dayeneba, sama-
rTali da an garigeba Zvelis sigeliT gagverigebinos, imave
wesiT dagvimkvidrebia da dagvimtkicebia~1.
XVIII s. 50-ian wlebSi, Teimuraz meoris mier morigi jaris
SemoRebis Sedegad sadroSos samxedro mniSvneloba droebiT
SeizRuda. morigi jaris saerTo meTauri batoniSvili iyo,
xolo calkeuli erTeulebis meTaurebs mefe niSnavda. 1756 w.
Sedgenili zemo qarTlis morige laSqris nusxis mixedviT,
yovel or TveSi erTxel unda gaewviaT 172 meomari, maT Soris
91 cxenosani, da 80 qveiTi. sainteresoa, rom goridan unda
gasuliyo 4 cxenosani da 2 qveiTi2.
mravalferovani iyo sardlis saqmianoba sadroSoSi. 1772 w.
10 ivniss erekle II revaz amilaxvars avalebs: `merme am xanad
Cveni Svili giorgi gamovgzavneT mandedken da Tqven unda
iaxloT, imaTTvisac mogviweria da mag qveynis bina-simagre,
jarisa da mdevrobis garigeba, cixeebisa da siRnaRebis garigeba
da gamagreba, rogorc samjobino iyos ise unda gaarigoT da ise
moiqceT magrad da fTxilad da mters ara daaneboT ra RvTiT~3.
zemo qarTlis sadroSos sardlis saqmianobis amsaxvel
sxva sabuTebs aRar moviyvan garda erTisa, romelic SedarebiT
srul warmodgenas gviqmnis sardlis funqciebze da erekle II-
ze, rogorc samxedro organizatorze. dokumenti daTariRe-
bulia 1772 w. 28 agvistoTi4.

2 iqve, gv. 404-407, #109.
3 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, Zgs, p. karbelaSvilis fondi, rve-
uli, 12, #53, 58, 79, 88, 93, 94, 100; rveuli 10, #22; fondi 1448, #249,
380, 387, 390, 462, 1375, 1988, 4590; xec, Qd, #6883, Ad, #1350.
4 dokumenti pirvelad gamoaqveyna d. gvritiSvilma. masve ekuTvnis
dokumentis muxlobrivi numeracia. ix. misi goris istoria, gv. 87-
89.
381
`1. rodesac, rom muxranidam yarauli movides, cxeniani ja-
ri wavidao, yvelani gafrTxilden, Tu mÃurvaleTSi Sevides
lekis jari, rogorc gaCenili aris, mdevari Seiyaros, Tavi da
bolo mouCrikon, yaraulebi gagzavnon, Tavs daayenon, mdevars
daZaxon, mejvrisÃevs Seiyarnen.
Tu Tavs dasxma amjobinon, Tavs daesxan, Tu gzis Sekvra
amjobinon, gza Seukran, Tu win daxvedra amjobinon, win dauxv-
dnen; romelic amjobinon im gziT ecadnen, mtris pasuxis
gacemasa da gayrisa.
2. Tu cxeniani lekis jari iyos, erTmaneTs nu moucdian,
yvelani sirbiliT gamoiqcnen. Tu qveiTi jari iyos, sofeli da
sofeli erTad Seiyarnen, damrgvalden da ise mividnen, sadac
sarqardebma dauZaxon.
3. beloTidam mokidebuli, _ sacxenisi, didi vanaTi, arbo,
qordi, didi da patara liaxvs gadmoRmarTi. gverdis Ziri da
vake goriT, berSoeTamdis, _ rac amaT Sua soflebia, eseni
erTs samdevrod unda iyvnen Sepirebulni.
4. Tu rom didis jaris ambavi movides, sarqardebma
dauZaxon; orisav mÃris mdevari unda saCqarod sirbiliT
wamovidnen: cxenosani sul WenebiT gamoiqcnen da qveiTni sofe-
li da sofeli Seiyarnen, damrgvaldnen da sadac sarqardebma
amjobinon da dauZaxon, iq micvivdnen.
5. Tu samaCablosken gaCndes lekis jari, an didis liaxvis
gaRma sadme, am didis liaxvis mdevari da patara liaxvis
gaRmarTi mdevari, romelic meore mdevrad migvaCnia, saCqarod
gacvivdnen da rogorc sarqardebma amjobinon, ise Seebnen.
Tu rom kidev moundesT mdevari da sarqardebma dauZaxon,
gamoRma mÃris mdevaris wavides da RmrTiT pasuxi gascen.
6. Tu qarelidam mdevari daiZaxon, maSinve qcxilvanis
qveiTi kaci, didis liaxvisa, pataris liaxvisa gaRmarTi kaci,
da dirbis wylis soflebi yvelani Seiyarnen da gacvivdnen.
cxeniani da qveiTi nuravin daaklebda.
7. vinc daakldes mdevars ase gardahÃdesT: Tu Tavadis-
Svili daakldes, saWakod waarTvan SemZlebels xuTi minal-
Tuni, Raribs sami minalTuni.
8. Tu aznauriSvili daakldes saWakod waarTvan erTi
saklavi, erTi koka Rvino da oci joxi dahkran beWebSi.
382
9. Tu SemZlebeli glexi kaci daakldes, amav aznauri-
SvilisaviT gardahxdes. da Tu Raribi iyos, erTi koka Rvino
waarTvan da ormoci joxi dahkran.
10. Tu amilaxori da erisTavi zemo qarTlSi iyvnen, imaT
unda Seiyaron mdevari da ise imdevron.
11. Tu eseni ar iyvnen, yularaRasma giorgim da mdivanbegma
iasem qmnan.
12. Tu arc eseni iyvnen, aRababam da an Salvam, beJan da an
omanma qmnan da imdevron.
13. romelic erisTvisSvili da amilaxorisSvili daeswras,
mdevroba gviboZebia: amaT Semoeyarnen da rogorc amjobinon,
ise miiyvanon. didad bejiTad iyvnen erisTvisSvilebi da
amilaxorisSvilebi mdevrobisa, rom es mdevroba amaT aqvT.
14. es mdevroba, reÃulas wylidam mokidebuli alis wyal-
mdis da goridam sanamdisac mihyvebodnen da qarelidam,
sadamdisac mihyvebodnen, unda imdevron.
15. gaRma mÃris garigebuloba, oqmi gviboZebia da kargad
mdevroben, madrielic varT da wyalobasac davmarTebT.
16. es icodeT: TavadiSvilebmac, aznauriSvilebmac, glexma
kacmac, amis ukeTess verca-rac RmerTs aamebT, verca-ras Cven
gvaamebT da verca-ras qveyanas SeematebiT, rom qristes mtreni
Tqvenis colisa da Svilis dasatyveveblad darbian, amaT pasu-
xi misceT. da RmrTis mowyalebiT dahÃocoT da sircxvileulni
daabrunoT.
mariamobisaTvis kÃ, qronikons uÃ.
es icodeT: romelic Cvengan saqmneli saqmea patronymobisa,
movlisa, garjisa, wyalobisa da Cemis qveynisaTvis Tavis di-
debisa RmrTiT ar davzogavT.
Tqven ase ecadeniT da Cven kidev ufro Zliersa da mtkices
saqarTvelos Sewevnas vcdilobT~1.
dokumenti mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs zemo qarTlis
sadroSoSi lekebis winaaRmdeg brZolis xerxebsa da meTo-
debze, jaris mobilizaciasa da dezertirebis dasjaze.
Cans, rom sadroSo dayofili iyo `samdevroebad~, romelTa
moqmedebis organizacias amilaxvari da erisTavi xelmZRva-
383
nelobdnen. Tu eseni adgilze ar iqnebodnen, maSin yularaRasi
da mdivanbegi an sxva moxele Caudgebodnen mdevars saTaveSi.
magram Tu arc es ukanasknelni ar aRmoCndebodnen adgilze,
maSin erisTavis an amilaxvris Svilebs unda emeTauraT.
sadroSos sardloba amilaxvars sakmaod did sargebels
aZlevda. rostom mefe 1656 wlis sabuTSi pirdapir CamoTvlis
anduyafar amilaxvris sargebels: `Tquenad ukiTxavad verc
dadgan koka, verca litra da verc adli. vercavin mebaJe daa-
yenon uTquenoda. da somxis ymebma rom daaSaos raime, imis
jurumic Tquen gamoarTviT~1.
sardlis sargoze Semdgomi periodis sxva sabuTebSic vxv-
debiT, magram gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa oTar amilaxvris 1803
wlis moxseneba pavle cicianovisadmi. sardals did Semo-
savals aZlevda misi jaris mier mtris qveynidan motanili
nadavli, saidanac mefisaTvis aRebuli wilidan mexuTedi mas
ekuTvnoda; qveynis aRweris dros sadroSos TiTo komlze
abazi amilaxvrisa iyo; sasardloSi Tavadis an aznauris
gayrisas mdivani rom ymasa da mamuls aRwerda, komlze aRe-
buli 14 Sauridan naxevari amilaxvrisa iyo; glexebi rom
erTmaneTs waeCxubebodnen da erTi meores Tavs gautexda, dam-
naSaves `xari da marCili~ unda gadaexada amilaxvris sasar-
geblod; roca vinme idezertirebda, misi qonebis 1/5 sardals
rCeboda; amilaxvars garkveul Semosavals aZlevda, agreTve,
misi sadroSodan mefis sasamarTloSi misuli momCivnis gadasa-
xadidan miRebuli wili2.
amilaxvris Semosavali mxolod amiT ar amoiwureboda. is
sakmaod did Semosavals iRebda Tavis sagvareulo mamulidan.
rac Seexeba goris mouravis sargos, amaze ukve vila-
parakeT.
1 iqve, gv. 222, #78.

2 mesxia S., masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, qarTl-
kaxeTis samefos samoxeleo wyobis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 1, gv. 85-86.
384
gorSi arsebuli konfesiebi da maTi eklesiebi
gori gamoirCeoda eklesiebi simravliT. erT-erTi Teati-

neli patris mixedviT, XVII s. 60-ian wlebSi gorSi 12 eklesia
iyo1. vaxuSti batoniSvilis droisaTvis maTi raodenoba rvamde
Semcirebula2. rva eklesia yofila 1825 welsac3. XX saukunis
dasawyisSic ki, rodesac gori SedarebiT patara qalaqs
warmodgenda, gorSi eklesiebis iseTi simravle iyo, rom
mnaxvelTa gaocebas iwvevda. cnobili rusi arqeoliogis p.
uvarovas TqmiT, `qalaqSi rvamde marTlmadidebluri, somxuri
da kaTolikuri eklesiaa, Tu ar CavTvliT umeteswilad
gaveranebul da qalaqis sxvadasxva mxares ganlagebul mraval
mcire eklesias~4. 1783 w. erTi sabuTis mixedviT, gorSi sxva
eklesiebis mSeneblobac iyo ganzraxuli da saZirkvlebic ki
amouyvaniaT, magram maTi dasruleba ver moxerxda. sabuTSi
vkiTxulobT: `gors ori-sami eklesia aris, rom saZirkvlebi
Cayrilia da ise xarabaT aris~5. marto qalaqis sasaflaoze p.
uvarovas TerTmeti mcire eklesia dauTvlia. i. klaproTis
naTqvami: `gorSi sami qviSaqvisagan agebuli eklesiaa, amaTgan
ori qarTvelebs ekuTvniT, xolo erTi somxebs~, ise unda
gavigoT, rom man sxva eklesiebidan gamoyo gansakuTrebiT
gamosaCeni eklesiebi6. samwuxarod, dReisaTvis arc erTi XIX
saukunemde agebuli eklesia aRar aris.
gvaqvs XVIII saukunis pirveli mesamedis òsmalobis~
periodis mniSvnelovani dokumenti _ `1728 wlis Tbilisis
vilaieTis didi davTari~. masSi saintereso cnobebs vnaxulobT
goris rabaTSi arsebul, saqalaqo cxovrebis aucilebel
atributebze da maT Soris muslimur salocavebze.
1 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1074, gv. 42.

3 Статистическое изображение городов, c. 18; Кавказ. Рача. Горийский уезд.
Гори. Осетия. Пшавия, Хевсуретия и Сванетия. Путевые заметки
графинии Уваровой, ч. III, c. 76.
4 Тамже.
5 saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, gv. 515-516, #532.
1808, p. 328.
385
savaraudoa, rom rodesac muslimanebi gors daeuflebodnen
xolme marTlmadideblur eklesiebs ketavdnen an meCeTebad
iyenebdnen. aseTi oriode cnoba gagvaCnia: don pietro
avitabiles 1633 wlis relaciidan vigebT, rom rodesac rostom
xani gors daeufla Teatinelebisa da avgustinelebis eklesi-
ebis garda `sxva mravali saydridan arc erTi ar iyo Ria.
qarTvelebis eklesiebi, romelic simagreSi iyo moTavsebuli,
mahmadianebis meCeTebad iyo gadakeTebuli, ufro uaresi _
somxebis eklesia cxenebis Tavlad iyo gamoyenebuli~1. mdgoma-
reoba radikalurad Seicvala mas Semdeg, rodesac mefe ros-
tomi levan II dadianis daze, mariamze daqorwinda.
saeWvoa, osmalebis batonobis dros, gorSi, qristianuli
eklesiebis funqcionireba. amas mafiqrebinebs davTarSi aRniSv-
na imisa, rom: ù`winandel eklesiaSi vakufia~2. an kidev aris
CemTvis bundovani fraza: èklesiis gumbaTis odenoba~ da ara-
feria naTqvami TviT eklesiebis Sesaxeb3. Tumca unda aRiniSnos
mRvdlis yofna qalaqSi. es iyo `Tuman mRvdeli~. igi imitom
aRniSnes davTarSi, rom mis xelSi iyo samTvliani wisqvili4.
Wirs imis Tqma, gatarda Tu ara òsmalobis~ periodis
gorSi raime marTlmadideblobis antieklesiuri RoniZieba,
magram raRac seriozuli ki moxda iseTi, romlis gasworebas
sakmaod didi xnis Semdeg, 1757 wels mefe Tavisi ganCinebiT
cdilobda. sakmaod vrcel samefo ganCinebaSi kerZod naTqvamia:
èsec ase gvibraZanebia, Tu Cvens saxaso kacs gorSi
kaTalikozis ymis miwa da venaxi eyidnos, ra osmalo qarTlSi
mosuliyos, mas aqeT òsmalobas~ Tu `yizilbaSobas~, dRes
aqamdis imisi miwis Rala da venaxis kuluxi5 kaTalikozs unda
miscen da Tu saxaso kacisagan kaTalikozis kacs da ymas
uyidnia miwa, Tu venaxi, imisi miwis Rala da venaxis kuluxi
saCvenoT unda gamoerTvas da miscemodnen~6.

3 iqve, gv. 448
4 iqve, gv. 446.
5 kuluxi _ Rvinis sabatono gadasaxadi.
6 xelnawerTa erovnuli ცენტრი, f. 227, saq. #904.
386
am RonisZiebiT mefes, rogorc Cans, sabatono da saeklesio
ymebis eqsploataciis normis gaTanabreba surda, magram
CvenTvis saintereso is aris, rom òsmalobis~ dros, rogorc
Cans, eklesiis (saeklesio ymebis) qonebriv mdgomareobaSi
cvlileba moxda gauaresebis mimarTulebiT. savaraudoa,
saeklesio ymebi da maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli saeklesio
miwebi CamoarTves da isini daumorCiles amilaxvris nahies anu
osmalur sagadasaxado sistemas.
òsmalobamde~ da arc mis Semdgom periodSi arasodes
dafiqsirebula gorSi raime muslimuri salocavi. davTarSi
aRniSnulia, rom goris cixeSi òri patiosani jamea~1. maSa-
sadame, gasagebia, rom jameebis garda gorsa da mis rabaTSi
sxva, mudmiv moqmedi muslimuri salocavebic iyo. aseve sayura-
dReboa da garkvevas moiTxovs davTris Semdegi adgili: `vakufi
jami Serifisa goris cixeSi, aSenebuli warCinebulTa da udide-
bulesTa iusuf begis didebuli veziris ishak faSas mier~2.
mgonia, osmalo moxeleebis mier Sedgenil am davTrSi laparakia
sulTnis veziris, axalcixisa da amierkavkasiis vilaieTebis
faSas, ishaakis mier agebuli mTavari meCeTis Sesaxeb.
goris 1802 wlis gegmaze eklesiebi aRniSnulia Semdegi
TanmimdevrobiT: d _ giorgi Zlevamosilis saxelobis qarTuli
eklesia, f _ RvTismSoblis xarebis eklesia, g _ yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis miZinebis, h _ goris RvTismSoblis, i _ ioane
naTlismcemlis, k _ dedoflisad wodebuli, l _ usaxelo
eklesia amilaxvrebis saxlSi, m _ RvTismSoblis taZari, n _
RvTismSoblis miZinebis, Oo _ wm. stefanes, p _ qristes aRdgo-
mis, q _ kaTolikTa samlocvelo saxli3.
arsebuli werilobiTi cnobebis mixedviT vcade zemoxsene-
bul gegmaze aRniSnuli eklesiebis miaxloebiTi lokalizacia
da istoriis zogierTi fragmentis aRdgena.
1 jame _ sakrebulo meCeTi, romelSic saparaskevo da sadResaswaulo

locva imarTeboda. ubnebis mcire meCeTebis mrevli paraskevobiT
jameSi iyrida Tavs da iq loculobda. evlia Celebis `mogzau-
robis wigni~, II, gv. 174.
3 Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд ВУА,
№20548;
387
goris marTlmadidebluri qarTuli eklesia
goris marTlmadidebeli qarTuli eklesiis adgili sa-

eklesio ierarqiaSi bundovania. Znelia yoveli periodisaTvis
garkveva, vin da rodis meTaurobda goris qarTul eklesiebs.
sakiTxis garkvevas is arTulebs, rom gorSi Tavisi ymebi hyavda
sxvadasxva eklesias. isini ki sxvadasxva rangis sasuliero
pirebs emorCilebodnen da maSindeli sabuTebi maTi saqmianobis
erT romelime mxares aRniSnaven. qvemoT gavecnobiT mxolod im
sabuTebs, romlebic gorTan dakavSirebuli episkoposebis
mxolod am qalaqSi saqmianobas da goris istoriis ama Tu im
moments asaxaven.
arsebobs dokumentebi, romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs qar-
Tlis mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiur rigi XII-XIII sauk-
uneebidan mainc daviwyoT. maTi Zalisa da gavlenis maCvene-
belia is, rom saqveyno mniSvnelobis saeklesio sigelebs
kaTalikosis Semdeg amtkicebs da xels awers qarTlis mTa-
varepiskoposi, xolo Semdeg sxva episkoposebi. es imaze mig-
vaniSnebs, rom qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi mRvdelmTavarTa So-
ris upiratesia.
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri rigi XII_XIII
saukuneebSi daaxloebiT ase gamoiyureba:
giorgi _ 1189_1204 ww. (XII s. bolo _ XIII s. dasawyisi).
ioane _ 1212/1222 w. _ 1230-iani wlebis I nax.
giorgi _ XIII s. 30-iani wlebis II nax. (Semdeg, mcire droiT,
kaTalikosi giorgi IV, XIII s. 30-iani ww. bolo).
saba _ XIII s. 40-iani ww.
giorgi _ 1245/47_1260 ww. (XIII s. 40-50-iani ww.)1.
melqisedek _ 1344 w. (daaxloebiT XIV s. 30-40-iani ww.)
giorgi _ 1401 w. (daaxloebiT XIV s. bolo - XV s. dasaw-
yisi)
miqael _ daaxloebiT XV s. 10-iani ww. - 1419 wlamde (miqael
VI kaTalikosi 1419-1426 ww.)
ioane _ 1472 wlis axlos (XV s. 70-iani ww.)
1 SaorSaZe m., qarTlis mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri rigi XII-XIII

saukuneebSi (xelnaweri).
388
[grigoli] _ 1520-25 ww. (daaxloebiT XVI s. 10-20-iani wlebi,
mefe daviT X-is dros, 1505-1525 ww.)
Teodosi _ daaxloebiT XVI s. 20-iani wlebis bolo - 1527/28
wlis axlos.
malaqia _ daaxloebiT 1511-1532 wlebi (xangamoSvebiT-?)
(kaTalikosi malaqia daaxl. 1532-1534 ww.).
giorgi _ daaxloebiT XVI s. 40-50-iani ww. (mefe luarsab I-
is dros, 1527-1556 wlebs Soris)
antoni _ daaxloebiT XVI s. 60-70-iani ww. (nikoloz VII
kaTalikosis dros, 1561-1584 wlebs Soris).
Teodore _ daaxloebiT XVI saukunis bolosa da XVII
saukunis 20-ian wlebSi1.
XVII s. 20-ian wlebSi moxseniebulia `goris episkoposi~,
misi saxelisa da vinaobis gareSe gvamcnobs goris kaTolikuri
misiis xelmZRvaneli don pietro avitabile2.
ioane avaliSvili _ 1630 w.
domenti muxran-batoniSvili _ 1651-16583.
nikoloz CxeiZe _ 1661-16714. g. jandiers am mRvdelmTavris
moRvaweobis amsaxveli ramdenime dokumenti aqvs damowmebuli.
SeiZleba davumatoT kidev erTi dokumenti, romelic gors
Seexeba.
1669 w. sigelSi gvxvdeba mTavarepiskoposi nikoloza. `q. ne-
biTa da SewevniTa RTisiTa ese wigni mogarTvi Sen, oqonis
xatsa, asre rome saTemo gzaSi me kedeli Cavdgi saTemos gza
Sens mamulSi Seiqna axla am gzis gulisaTvis weliwadSi
yovel didmarxvas rome marxva dadges weliwadSi TviTo li-
tra ZeTi moarTvas oqonis xatsa ocis stiliTa Cven eliz-
1 SaorSaZe m., XIV-XVI saukuneebis qarTlis mTavarepiskoposTa

qronologiuri rigi // ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis institutis
Sromebi, IX, Tb., 2015, gv. 191.
99-100.
3 jandieri g., XVII saukunis aRmsavleT sაqarTვelos istoriuli
qronologiis sakiTxisaTvis (episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi) //

mravalTavi, filologiur-istoriuli Ziebani, I, Tb., 1971, gv. 333.
4 iqve, 333-334.
389
barman da Cema Svilman giorgiman, momavalman saxlisa Cemisaman.
awe, Cven, batoni mTavarepiskoposi nikoloza da mamasaxlisi
goderZi movediT da Cven asre gavarigeT rome pir marxvis
orSabaTs dekanoz markozs miabarebdes...~ qronikoni tnz.
`mamasaxlisi goderZa~. xveulad `mTavarepiskoposi nikoloz~1.
ratiSvili. XVII s. dasasruls iese garsevaniSvilze nawyen
mTavarepiskopos ratiSvils goris oqonis taZris samwyso or
saxucod gauyvia.
qristefore. winamorbedis gadawyvetileba Secvala da iese
da giorgi garsevaniშvilebs samwymso isev gauerTiana qarTlis
episkoposma qristeforem. mis sigelSi gadamwyveti argumenti
aris is, rom mas Semdeg rac Tamar mefem oqonis saydari aaSena
igi mas aqeT garsevaniSvilebisaa. èxla Cvenc ase dagimkvidreT
rome Tu kerZo diakoni Tqvens naTesavSi iyos vera efiskoposma
is saxelo ver mogiSalos da verc ori saxelo gamogarTvas,
amad rome ar yofila da diaR didi xnis mkvidrni xarTo~2.
rogorc SemdegSi ganxiluli sabuTebidan gamoCndeba garseva-
niSvilebs gorisa da oqonis samwysoSi gansakuTrebuli mondo-
mebiT ananiaSvilebi ecilebodnen. moxmobil dokumentSi ar
Cans qristefores winamorbedma saxucod vis, romeli gvaris
warmomadgenlebs miakuTvna garsevaniSvilebis samwysos meore
nawili, SeiZleba esenic ananiaSvilebi iyvnen.
amis Semdeg, ramdenime xnis ganmavlobaSi araviTari cnoba
ar aris goris episkoposis Sesaxeb. yvela sabuTSi, romelic
gacemulia goris episkoposis mier, XVIII saukuneSi isini
moixsenebian mTavar episkoposebad an mitropolitebad. zogjer
maT qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis Tanamdeboba ekavaT.
arseni. 1732 wlis 20 dekembers goris mTavarepiskoposi
arseni gascems sigels, romelSic vkiTxulobT: `Cven, mRTisa
mier kurTxeulman qarTlisa mTavarepiskopozman uRirsman da
codvilman arsen, ese wigni giboZeT Sen, gorels qosaSvils
bers da Zmasa Sensa xosiasa, ase rome gorisa mRvTismSoblis
wina da samxreTisaken miwebi lestandarejan dedofals im
saydrisaTvis Seewira da gorelT qarTvelebT saTemoT moeÃn-
1 gsiem, #152.
2 xec, fondi Qd, sab. #600.
390
aT. da romelic moxnevda amis qirasa da Ralasa oqonis xats
sanTel-sakmlad miarTmoden da aw JamTa viTarebaSi erTs
somexs visme xeli daedo da im oqonis xatis begaras aRar iZ-
levoda...~1
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi besarioni
(1724-1737) wyalobis sigels umtkicebs imave mTavarepiskopos
arsens: `q. Cueno didad da R~Tis wyalobad sagulvebelo.
mTavarepiskopozo batono. merme am goris saqmezed da garse-
vaniSvilebzed aqac mogaxsene da ver gaasworeT saqme rasac
ananiaSvilebi mogaxseneben, magaT ayolixarT. diaR didis xnis
ambavi aris. gori amaTi samwyso yofila da SenTvis saxuco
uZlevia. sxva saqme ara qoniaT ra radgan amisTana dro Seiqna,
qveynis aSlilobisagan gareSemo kacni soflebidam aq Semo-
sulan. visac Tavisi xucesi moyues, iman ixucos, visac xucesi
ar mosdevdes gareulsac, aq mosuls, da aqaursac am iesem
garsevaniSvilman uxucos. Sen saxuco mogces. sxva saqme aravis
aqvs. Senc asre daumtkice radgan karis saydrebis aris
vercavin saydrebs ecileba amasa~. xveulad: kaTalikozi
besarion2.
romanoz. qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi da mitropoliti roma-
noz erisTavi iyo Svili giorgi aragvis erisTavisa. igi
garejis udabnoSi berad imyofeboda 1710-1722 wlebSi, orjer
cxovrobda moskovSi, jer 1722-1728 wlebSi donis monasterSi
moRvaweobda, 1728 w. dabrunda TbilisSi da 1739 wels isev
moskovSi gaemgzavra.
romanoz erisTavi Tbilelis xarisxSi aiyvana besarion
kaTalikosma. is kirile II-s dros (1737-1739), ikavebs qarTlis
mTavarepiskoposisa da samTavrosa da goris mitropolitis
kaTedras.
romanozis saxelTan dakavSirebulia ori sigeli. man 1739
wlis 26 agvistos garsevaniSvilebs misca simtkicis sigeli
oqonis dekanozobasa da mis Semosavalze3. imave wels kaTali-
kosma kirile II-m daamtkica `mamulis nayidobis wigni
1 gsiem, #188.
2 iqve, #7601/11.
3 iqve, # 164
391
soloRaSvili ieses mier (1737-1739) mTavarepiskopos romanozi-
sadmi~1.
arseni. 1748 w. saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebebs, sxvebTan
erTad, xeli moawera àrseni, uRirsman mTavarepiskoposman
samTavrosa da gorisa mitropolitosman ganvsazRuren da
warvsweren. arseni~2.
arseni (sayvareliZe) qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis kaTedraze
XVIII saukunis 30-40-ian da 60-ian wlebSi moRvaweobda. rogorc
Cans, drodadro igi icvlida eparqiebs, radgan, rogorc m.
SaorSaZe SeniSnavs, dokumentebis Sedarebebma aCvena, rom amave
periodSi qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis kaTedras ganagebs jer
kirile ciciSvili, mcire droiT romanoz erisTavi, xolo
Semdeg kvlav arsen sayvareliZe. rogorc cnobilia, kaTali-
kosi domenti IV ar imyofeboda saqarTveloSi (1725-1739 ww.). mis
movaleobas 1737-1739 wlebSi asrulebda kirile ciciSvili,
Sesabamisad, amave wlebSi, qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi iyo roma-
noz erisTavi. romanozis ruseTSi gaemgzavra. gamoTqmulia
varaudi, rom, misi adgili unda daekavebina arsens3.
timoTe. anton pirvelis mier 1752 w. dasrulebul Txzule-
baSi _ `mzametyvelebaÁ~, moxseniebulia `timoTe, yovlad samRv-
deloÁ mitropoliti samTavrosa da gorisa~4.
kirile. mTavarepiskoposi kirile, romelsac Teimuraz II-m
1755 w. kaTolikebisaTvis CamorTmeuli eklesia da saxli
gadasca (ix. qvemoT).
1766. IX. 26. qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi kirile dekanozobis
wyalobis ganaxlebis wigns aZlevs mRvdel petre garsevani-
Svils1.
1 SaorSaZe m., kaTolikos patriarqi kirile II (ciciSvili) da misi

moRvaweoba // istoriul eTnologiuri Ziebani, XII, Tb., 2010. iqve
ix. arsenis Sesaxeb yvela informacia.
3 SaorSaZe m., qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi arsen (sayvareliZe) da misi
moRvaweoba // goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universitetis isto-
riisa da arqeologiis centri. SromaTa krebuli, #9, Tb., 2015, gv.
260.
III, gv. 223.
392
besarioni. zemoT iTqva, 1769 wels rogor daupirispirdnen
goris mamasaxlisi da qeTxudebi episkopos besarions ymis,
gogila aladaSvilis saqmis garCevis dros2, sabatoniSvilo
ymebis _ mRebriSvilebis saqmeze3.
rodesac anton kaTalikosi meored ruseTs miemgzavreboda
sami episkoposi Tavis moadgiled ganawesa. 1771 w. 18 dekembris
`samwysos saqmeTa ganweseba kaTolikos anton I-is mier~, gvam-
cnobs, rom man Tavis magivrad eklesiis zedamxedvelad gana-
wesa sami mitropoliti: `yovlad samRvdelo mitropoliti
samTvroÁsa da gorisa besarion, yovlad samRvdelo mit-
ropoliti tfilisisa mixail, yovlad samRvdelo ninowmindeli
mitropoliti~4, `yovlad samRvdelo mitropoliti samTvroÁsa
da gorisa besarioni~ 60-iani wlebis bolodan 80-iani wlebis
dasawyisamde moRvaweobda. misi zeobis wlebia 1768-17855.
1796 wels aris dawerili `sigeli dimitri mgalobelisa
Tamar mefis mier micemuli da besarion mTavarepiskoposis mi-
er ukanonod warTmeuli goris samwymsos dabrunebaze~
`xelmwifis Wiri misces maTs miwas mgalobels dimitris.
Tamar mefes aqeT ra gorSi dausaxlebivarT goris ekle-
siebi uboZebia da samwyso Cemi ojaxisaTvis. mas aqeT aravis
gamourTmevia CemTvis mravali gujrebi maqvs besarion mTavar-
episkoposma wagvarTva da goris samwyso Sua gagviyo da spiri-
dons misca Tu Tavis saydars misca. karis saydars samwyso
romelsa aqvs TviTon unda TaÂsis xucisaTvis gaeZlebina Cven
ras gvemarTleboda. Tu sfiridons misca, ananiasSvils gors
samwyso raT eyoleboda~. sigels aqvs minawerebi goris samw-
ymsos garsevaniSvili dimitri mgaloblisaTvis dabrunebis
Taobaze6.
1 gsiem, #160.
3 iqve gv. 613-614, #442.
4 iqve, gv. 892, #349.
5 SaorSaZe m., saistorio masalebi qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis, samTa-
vrosa da goris mitropolit besarionis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb //

goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universitetis istoriisa da arqeo-
logiis centri. SromaTa krebuli #6, Tb., 2014, gv. 178.
6 gsiem, gv. 166.
393
rogorc moyvanili masalidan Cans, Tanamedrove gorisa da
atenis eparqia gaerTianebuli iyo samTavrosTan da saTaveSi
edga mTavarepiskoposi, romelic mitropolitis wodebasac
atarebda. igive saeklesio feodali goris episkoposic iyo.
aseTi mdgomareoba kargad Cans 1768 w. ganCinebaSi, romelSic
naTqvamia: `mTavarepiskoposi besarion gorSi msaxlobelT qarT-
velT episkoposi aris, da amis samwysoni arian, amis ymac amis
eklesias unda emsaxuros~1.
paisiosi. mTavarepiskoposi besarionis msgavsad goris
samwymsos mimarT pretenziebi hqonda mTavarepiskopos paisioss.
1801 w. garsevaniSvilebisadmi gacemul sigelSi igi werda:
`pirvelad ese rom me goris eklesiis da samwysosi episkoposi
var~2.
zemoT citirebuli sabuTebi da ucxoelebis (Sardeni,
giuldenStedti) cnobebi gviCvenebs, rom episkoposis reziden-
cia iyo gorSi3, magram ar Cans droebiTi Tu mudmivi. unda
vivaraudoT, rom droebiTi rezidencia iyo. zemoT ukve ramden-
jerme iTqva, gorSi kaTalikosis droebiTi rezidenciac iyo.
amaSi araferia gasakviri Tu gavixsenebT, rom gori xSirad
qarTlis politikuri centri iyo. kaTolikeTa episkoposebic
xan TbilisSi da xan gorSi cxovrobdnen4.
ioane, `mdabali mitropoliti samTavrosa da gorisa da
wilkanisa~ (1802 wlidan), unda yofiliyo ukanaskneli mRvdel-
mTavari, romlis samwymso iyo goric. igi pirvelia im mRvde-
lmTavrebს Soris, romlebmac aRniSnul wels peticia gaug-
zavnes imperator aleqsandre pirvels peterburgSi. is pirveli
adasturebs werils, rac maSindeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
ierarqebს Soris mis gamorCeul mdgomareobaze mianiSnebs.
ruseTis imperiis mier aRmosavleT saqarTvelos aneqsiis
Semdeg gauqmda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia da 1811 wels
daarsda saqarTvelos saegzarqoso, romelsac ruseTis sinodis
mier daniSnuli egzarqosi marTavda. Tavdapirvelad mas mini-
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1449, sab. #2144.

2 gsiem, #165. paisiosis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. qvemoT.
gv. 245.
4 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikeTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1903, gv. 58.
394
Webuli hqonda qarTlisa da kaxeTis mitropolitis wodeba,
SemdegSi ki – arqiepiskoposisa. igi ruseTis sinodis wevri da
dikasteriis ufrosi iyo. dikasteria qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
sakaTalikososTan arsebuli umaRlesi administraciuli-sasa-
marTlo organo, romelic daarsa anton I-ma kaTalikosma.
dikasteria ganagebda saerTod saeklesio xasiaTis yvela
sakiTxs. 1814 wels es organoc gaauqmes da mis magier daarses
`saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora~ da egzarqosi iwo-
deboda `qarTlisa da imereTis egzarqosad~.
manamde arsebuli qarTlis 8 eparqiidan Seiqmna erTi _
mcxeTis eparqia.
saqarTvelos pirveli egzarqosi iyo varlam erisTavi (1811-
1817). misi gawvevis Semdeg iniSnebodnen ruseTidan gamogzav-
nili rusi arqielebi3.
marTlmadidebluri taZrebi
giorgi Zlevamosilis saxelobis qarTuli eklesia iyo

goris cixis samxreT-aRmosavleT kideze. misi fragmenti
SemorCenilia dRemde. is agebuli iyo naTali qviT1 da ise ex-
ameboda cixes, rom simagris ansambls ar arRvevda. mis
kolofisebur kamaraze aRmarTuli iyo koSkebi da saTofurebi.
eklesias aRmosavleT kedelSi hqonda samalavi da vrceli
karibWe, romelic nawilobriv ise iyo damaluli, rom
ukavSirdeboda miwisqveSa Semosasvlelebs. iq Zvirfasi nivTe-
bis Senaxva SeiZleboda2. XIX s. Sua xanebSi eklesiis kedelze
Signidan jer kidev Canda freskuli mxatvroba3. i. klaproTis
gorSi yofnis dros es eklesia moqmedebda. al. garseva-
3
Епискор Кирион, Краткий очерк истории грузинской церкви и экзархата за XIX
столетие, Тиф., 1901.
1 Бакрадзе Дм., Горис-цихе. Исторический очерк, «Кавказ», 1855, №48-49; Кав-
каз. Рача. Горийский уезд. Гори. Осетия. Пшавия, Хевсуретия и Сванетия.

Путевые заметки графинии Уваровой, ч. III, с. 77.
2 Кавказ. Рача. Горийский уезд. Гори. Осетия. Пшавия, Хевсуретия и Сване-
тия. Путевые заметки графинии Уваровой, ч. III, с. 77.

3 Бакрадзе Дм., Горис-цихе.
395
niSvilis TqmiT, es eklesia Tavdapirvelad oqonis RvTis-
mSoblisa iyo da mis aSenebas Tamar mefes miawers1.
yovladwminda RvTismSoblis miZinebis, igive mTavarange-
lozis eklesia mdebareobda dRevandeli yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis Sobis taZris pirdapir skverSi (Zvelad sasw-
vris moedani rom erqva). es eklesia mariam dedofals auSe-
nebia. rogorc misi 1664 wlis sigelidan Cans, `q. nebiTa da
SeweuniTa RTisTa Cuen dadianis asulma dedofalma mariam ese
sabolood gasaTavebeli mtkice da mouSleli Sewirulobisa
wigni da sigeli dagidevi da mogarTvi Sen, gors Cuengan
aSenebuls Tavarangelozis saydarsa mas Jamsa odes mefem
rostom qarTlis dedoflad mogviyvana Tan Ze gurielisa Cueni
Tvalis sinaTle Svili otia da imizgan movZuldiT RTsa da
miicvala qveyanasa amasa qarTlisasa sanaxebsa gorisasa misa
sawolsa zedan eklesia aRvaSeneT, davaxatvineT da SevamkeviT
da SevswireT aqave gorsa elCibegaSvili daTina da misi
Zmiswuli baindura~2. imave wlis sxva sigelidan vigebT,
`rogor samRebrosagan sanTeli litra erTi ocis stilis lit-
riTa sakmeli Careqi erTi yovels weliwads unda miscemdnen...
iqve wereTelaSvili wereTela misis kerZis mamuliTa, saxl-
kariTa da risac mamuli mqonebeli iyo SevswireT da davs-
deviT aRapi ori koka Rvino TormetianT, ori kodi puri aTia-
niT, aTis Sauris cxvari, ori zurgieli, ori qaTami, ori
tredis xundi, erTi Careqi sanTeli misis patruqiTa, erTi
stili sakmeli, erTi litra brinji... agreTve SevswireT als
venaÃi erTi da davzdeviT begara zeTi litra sami ocis sti-
liT litriTa... es asre garigebuli saydari da xatebi miva-
bareT Cuens saxasos ymasa da Cuenganve dazrdils gar-
sevaniSvilebs oqonis xatis dekanozs daviTs, garsevans da Ta-
mazs~3. ar maqvs raime cnoba, rodidan aRar arsebobda dasa-
xelebuli eklesia. am adgilas XIX saukuneSi bazari iyo.
RvTismSoblis xarebis eklesia mdebareobda dRevandeli
i. stalinis saxelobis moednis teritoriaze, sadac Zvelad
1808, p. 327.
2 gsiem, #184.
3 iqve, #4640, 147, 185.
396
sasaflao iyo. RvTismSoblis xarebis eklesia ixsenieba
XVIII s. ukanaskneli mesamedis ramdenime sabuTSi.
mTavarepiskoposi besarioni 1772 w. 15 maiss awesebs goris
mkvidri moqalaqeebisa da mtkvargaRmeli moqalaqeebisaTvis sa-
marx adgils da micvalebulebisaTvis gapatiosnebis wess. `Cven
yovlad samRvdelos mTavarepiskopozs besarions am Cvenis
wmindis xarebis eklesiisa da romelnic Cveni mWvdelni mudam
am eklesiaSi gangviwesebia da amas msaxuroben, amaTi saqme ase
ganvaweseT: rac mtkvar gaRmavelia kaci gorSi imyofebodes da
an movides am Cvens eklesiaSi unda daexmarebodes da Cveni
mRvdelni unda msaxurebden axsarebiTa, ziarebiTa da damar-
xviTa. Cvenma mRvdlebma unda uxucos da sxva rac xizania da
memkvidre oqonis mRvdlebma unda uxucon da am ganwesebas nu
gardaxdebian. da vinc gardaxdeba Cvens kanonSi iqneba. safla-
vic ase ganvaweseT visac enebebosdeT: aznaurTa da glexTa
SigniT eklesiaSi daesaflebodnen da rogorc Zala edvaT
saflavis fassa da wasaxuravsa eklesias da Cven mogvarTmevden.
da visac enebebodes eklesiis gareT ezoSi dasaflavdes da
kidev imaTac rogorc Zala edvaT ise saflavis fas da
wasaxuravs Cven mogvarTmevden da Cveni mRvdelni da oqonis
mRvdelni am Cven ganwesebulebas nu gardaxdebian da erTmaneTs
nu Seecilebian. aRiwera mais ie. qoronikons uÁ~1.
xarebis saydari naxsenebia manuCar TumaniSvilisa da axal-
cixeli Rugazis angariSSi, romelic Sedgenilia 1787 w. axlo
xanebSi2. imave TumaniSvilis (mdivnis) 1788 w. or angariSSi
kvlav figurirebs xarebis saydari3.
1801 w. 7 Tebervals sigelidan, romelic mTavarepiskoposma
paisiosma misca garsevaniSvilebs goris oqonis eklesiis deka-
nozobaze, vigebT, rom xarebis saydari SedarebiT naklebi
mniSvnelobisa iyo, Tundac imitom, rom igi sasaxlis saydrad
iTvleboda da samwymsod mxolod 20 komli glexi hyavda4.
1 gsiem, #184.
2 masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, II, gv. 77.
3 iqve, gv. 80, 83.
4 gsiem, #165.
397
somxuri eklesiebi
saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi goris somxuri eklesiebis samRvde-

loeba privilegiebiTa da TavisuflebiT sargeblobda. marTa-
lia, amis damadasturebel mraval sabuTs Cvenamde ar mouR-
wevia, magram is, rac amJamad xelT gvaqvs, zogierTi momentis
aRdgenis saSualebas gvaZlevs.
svimon I-ma 1594 w. ianvarSi goris somex mRvdlebs siTar-
xnis orenovani (qarTul-sparsuli) wigni misca, saidanac vi-
gebT, rom isini winaTac Tavisufalni iyvnen. mefe acxadebs:
`pirvelTagan bednierTa papa da mama CuenTagan sigeli da guja-
rni gqondes da Tarxnad da ÃelSeuvalad yofiliyueniT. awe
Cuenca Segiw-yaleT, gaTarxneT da ganTavisufleT yovlisa
saTxovarisa da gamosaRebisagan~. somexi mRvdlebi samudamod
gaTavisufldnen baSmalis (sulze gadasaxadi), Ralis, kuluxis
(gadasaxadi RviniT), furis erbos, tikis, tomaris da ulayis
gadasaxadisagan. magram isini valdebulni iyvnen gadaexadaT
`saTaTros sauri~. svimon mefe vaqil-vazirebs, goris taruRas,
amilaxvars, cixisTavs, mamasaxlisebs da sxva moxeleebs ava-
lebs Seasrulon misi brZaneba1.
rogorc aRiniSna, siTarxnis wigni Sedgenilia qarTul da
sparsul enebze. magram maT Soris Sinaarsobrivi gansxvavebaa.
sparsul teqstSi svimon mefe ambobs: `xsenebu-li mRvdlebi
srulebiT viTarxneT da sagadasaxado siebidan amoricxuli
gavxadeT... raTa aravin mosTxovos... malujaTis2 gamosaRebebisa
da sadivano mcire bahrasi3, Tarhis, dasTandazis, begris, na-
dirobis, ulaRis4, ulamis da sxva saxelmwifo (sadivno) gada-
saxadis, garda sasaxlis sauris5 da saveziros (veziraxe)6 mosa-
Txovnad~7.
1 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 458-359.

2 ZiriTadi gadasaxadi miwaze mosavlis garkveuli wilis odenobiT.
3 ZiriTadi gadasaxadi miwaze mosavlis kvalobaze.
4 satransporto saSualebebis warmodgena batonis saWiroebisaTvis.
5 saqarTveloSi sauri ikribeboda SahisaTvis feSqaSis misarTmevad.
6 mefis veziris sasargeblod asaRebi gadasaxadi.
7 qarTul-sparsuli sabuTebi, gv. 460
398
amgvarad, qarTul-sparsul teqstebs Soris gansxvaveba
naTelia. mTavari mainc isaa, rom es gansxvaveba aris iqac,
sadac mocemulia somexi mRvdlebis valdebuleba. qarTul
teqstSi mxolod `saTaTro sauria~, sparsulSi _ `sasaxlis
sauri~ (albaT Sahis sasaxlisaTvis gadasaxadi igulisxmeba) da
saveziro gadasaxadia.
zemomoyvanili siTarxnis wigni jer Teimuraz I-ma 1630 w.
ganuaxla `gorel terterebs~3, Semdeg ki rostom mefem 1633 w.
dekemberSi mcire cvlilebiT gaimeora svimon I-is mier
Sedgenili teqsti4, rostomi, Tavis mxriv, somex mRvdlebs
aTavisuflebs `sabalaxe~ gadasaxadisagan, romelic saqonlis
patronisagan saZovrad daculi adgilebiT sargeblobisaTvis
gadasaxadis gadaxdas gulisxmobda1. ase rom, am gadasaxa-
disagan gaTavisufleba kidev damatebiTi SeRavaTi iyo.
svimon I-sa da rostom mefis mier Sedgenil sparsul
teqstebs Sorisac mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa, kerZod, axla
rostomi `saveziros~ nacvlad `laSqrobis~ gadasaxads moiT-
xovs.
sigelze arsebuli minaweridan Cans, rom igi mefe Teimuraz-
sac ganuaxlebia. cnobilia, Teimuraz I-ma gorel terterebs
siTarxnis wigni misca2.
rogorc davinaxeT, somxuri eklesia, qarTuli eklesiis
msgavsad, mniSvnelovani privilegiebiT sargeblobda. igi seri-
ozul ekonomikur Zalas warmoadgenda qarTl-kaxeTis same-
foebSi.
somxuri eklesiebi Zlier dazaralda svimon I-sa da ros-
tomis dros, adre ukve vTqviT, rom XVI saukunis 70-iani
wlebis dasasrulidan imave saukunis bolomde gori osmalebis
xelSi iyo. svimoni Seupovrad ibrZoda qalaqis gasaTavisu-
fleblad, rasac, bunebrivia, Tan axlda ngreva. rogorc viciT,
simonma goris gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, damarcxebul mters
cixe daangrevina. roca rostomi yizilbaSTa jariT gorSi
Sevida, yizilbaSebis mier `somxebis eklesia cxenebis Tavlad
1 qoiava n., fulis mimoqceva, krediti da finansebi XVIII saukunis

qarTl-kaxeTSi, Tb., 1963, gv. 131-132.
2 masalebi saqarTvelos is. geografiisa da topon. I, gv. 59
399
iyo gamoyenebuli~ _ wers don pietro avitabile1. avitabiles
cnobas Tu sarwmunod CavTvliT (sxva cnoba jerjerobiT ar
mogvepoveba), gamodis, rom XVII s. 30-ian wlebSi goris soxmur
mosaxleobas erTi eklesia hqonda.
1802 w. gegmaze aRniSnulia oTxi somxuri eklesia: RvTis-
mSoblis taZari _ yofili kaTolikeTa eklesiis cota aRmo-
savleTiT; RvTismSoblis miZinebis _ qalaqis galavnidan
sakmaod moSorebiT, daaxloebiT im adgilas amJamad rom #1
sabavSvo baRi (jorjiaSvilis q. #1); wm. stefanesi _
wereTlis quCaze #3,5,7 saxlebis adgilas; qristes aRdgomis
_ g. erisTavis saxelobis saxelmwifo dramatuli Teatris
maxloblad.
dokumentur wyaroebsa da xelnawerTa anderZebSi moixse-
nieba ori somxuri eklesia _ wm. RvTismSoblisa da wm. ste-
fanesi. orive, iseve rogorc qarTlis sxva somxuri eklesiebi,
axpatis eparqias ekuTvnoda da rogorc p. muradiani varaudobs,
RvTismSoblis eklesia axpatis gorZaklis rezidencia iyo.
rostom mefis 1640 wlis sigelSi Cans, rom am eklesiaSi Zmobac
arsebobda. imave p. muradianis azriT, RvTismSoblis eklesia is
eklesia unda yofiliyo, kastelis naxatze cixis samxreT
ferdobze rom Cans jvris formis, gumbaTiani eklesia2.
marTalia kastelis naxatze gamosaxul eklesias `somxuri
eklesia~ aweria, magram minaweris siswore saeWvo xdeba
sxvadasxva wyaros monacemebiT. jer erTi, f. gorgijaniZis
monaTxrobis mixedviT, im adgilas CaxruxaZis eklesia unda
yofliyo; meorec, SeiZleba adre iq marTla idga somxuri
eklesia, romelic SemdegSi moispo, magram is RvTismSoblisa
ar unda yofiliyo. RvTismSoblis eklesia, 1802 w. gegmis
mixedviT, dRevandeli RvTismSoblis Sobis taZris cota
aRmosavleTiT b. juRaSvilisa da ak. wereTlis quCebis gada-
kveTasTan idga.
ar aris cnobili, rodis aSenda RvTismSoblis eklesia.
moRweulia am eklesiis 1661 w. warweris fragmentis piri. 1920
wlamde warwera inaxeboda wm. stefanes eklesiaSi, vidre mas
1 avitabile, gv. 57.

2
Мурадян П.М., Армянская эпиграфика Грузии. Картли и Кахети,, с.88.
400
miwisZvra gaanadgurebda. jer kidev XV saukuneSi RvTismSob-
lis eklesiaSi mimdinareobda wignebis gadawera1. 1469 w.
somxur xelnaweris anderZSi goreli gadamweri grigori
RvTismSoblis eklesias uwodebs `Tumanencs~, e.i. TumanianTs
(TumaniSvilebis), saidanac SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom misi
amSeneblebi TumanianTa gvaris warmomadgenlebi iyvnen2.
TumanianT (TumaniSvilebis) yovladwmindis eklesia
dasaxelebulia 1684 wlis sabuTSi, saidanac Cans, rom axali
sayrdis dekanozis ter yazaras mier astraxanidan (haStarxani)
Camotanili saeklesio mosaxmari sagnebi Suaze gayves da
naxevari TumanianT eklesias misces3.
XVIII s. damlevis erTi sabuTidan vigebT, vis ra Seuwiravs
an gaukeTebia TumanianT `patara yovlawmindis eklesiisaTviს~:
amiraRaSvils gabriels qvitkiris galavani Semouvlia da erTi
duqani Seuwiravs; mamajanas-Svils zaqarias samreklo auSenebia
da erTi duqani Seuwiravs; TayinaSvils zaals saydrisaTvis
erTi oTaxi auSenebia; TayinaanT meliq-farsadanas eklesii-
saTvis Jamutani (?) xiT dauxuravs da erTi duqani Seuwiravs;
amiraRanT dolamazas Seuwiravs ori duqani; amiraRanT amiras
Svils zurabas eklesiisaTvis xorani (?) ganuaxlebia; CamoTv-
lili duqnebis garda eklesias sxva cxra duqanic hqonda.
Sewirulobidan Cans eklesia didi avtoritetiTa da gavleniT
sargeblobda. imave sabuTidan yuradRebas ipyrobs is gare-
moeba, rom yovladwmindis eklesias xis naSenobac hqonebia.
TumaniSvilebsa da vinme zaal TayinaSvils Soris dava
Camovarda `yovlad wmidis eklesiis saqmezed~, magram konkre-
tulad raze daobdnen cnobili ar aris. TumaniSvilebis 1783 w.
arzidan Cansa, rom maT erekle II-s mimarTes sadavo sakiTxis
mosagvareblad, magram TayinaSvilma mefis sasamarTlos ar dau-
cada, gorSi mivida da ter-saakas daukavSirda, romelic somxuri
axali saydris dekanozi iyo da romlis Sesaxeb somexma mRv-
dlebma, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, saCivriT mimarTes erekle II-s.
ter-saakam `gorelebi Semohyara da ase gamoucxada: radga-
nac Tumaniani am TavianT saydarze gvelaparakebiano, Cven
1 somxur xelnawerTa anderZebis cnobebi... gv. 55, 83;
2
Мурадян П.М., Армянская эпиграфика Грузии. Картли и Кахети,, с.88.
3 masalebi, III, gv. 18-19;
401
imaTis SuriT sxva eklesia avaSenoTo da is TavianTi eklesia
gauqmdeso~. imave krebaze gadawyvites, rom yvela gamoiRebda
fuls axali eklesiis asaSeneblad. axali eklesiis aSeneba
ganizraxes yovladwmindis eklesiis maxloblad. amis gamo
SeSfoTebuli TumaniSvilebi mefes SesCiodnen: `rodesac iq
eklesia aSendeba Cvenis SuriT, Cvens ekklesiaSi gorelebi xom
aRaravin Semova da soflebidam mlocvavic aRaravin mova da is
eklesia gauqmebuli da gaxarabebuli Seiqmneba~1.
Tavdapirvelad, imis gamo, rom TumaniSvilebis mowinaaR-
mdegeebs eklesiis asaSenebli adgili ar hqondaT, erekle Tavs
ikavebda nebarTvis micemaze. magram saakaSvilma (igive ter-
saaka), romlis gvaris warmomadgenlebi tradiciulad somxuri
eklesiis winamZRolebi iyvnen, Tavisi saxlis win arsebuli
baRi eklesias Seswira da mefisagan mSeneblobis ufleba da
zogierTi saeklesio Tanamdeboba miiRo. mefem mas qarTlis
gorZakloba da somxuri eklesiis dekanozoba uboza2.
rogorc TumaniSvilebis mier 1788 w. 20 ivniss darejan de-
doflisaTvis mirTmeuli arzidan Cans, konfliqtma iseTi saxe
miiRo, rom mTeli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi ter-saakas yovlad-
wmindis eklesiaSi àrc uwirvinebia da arc ulocvinebia~. imave
dros ter-saaka da misi momxreebi axal eklesias aSenebdnen da
TumaniSvilebis gancxadebiT misi `sawadeli da ndoma es aris,
rom is ekklesia yovlis Tavisi samwyosiT, samrevloTi da samka-
uliT Semusros da daaqcios Tavisis SurisZiebiT mogonebuli
eklesia aRaSenos da gaapatiosnos~. TumaniSvilebi Sewevnas
Txovdnen dedofal darejans, radgan es sadao saqme droulad
ar mogvardeboda, gamoricxuli ar iyo xelisuflebisaTvis
usiamovno ambebi. TumaniSvilebi kategoriulad moiTxovdnen:
`merme is eklesia Seamusvrinon, Torem amisTanasa gaukiTxavaT
usamarTlos Surs didi SfoTi da gansacdeli sdevs~3.
darejan dedofalma gamoZieba daniSna da samarTlianobis
aRdgena brZana, magram, rogorc irkveva, TumaniSvilebma veraferi
1 xelnawerTa instituti, Hd, #154; saqarTvelis siZveleni, III, gv. 515,

#532.
2 gsiem, #5803.
3 xelnawerTa instituti, Hd, #13080; saqarTvelis samarTlis Zeglebi,
VII, gv. 765-766, #806.
402
gaawyves. ter-saakam da misma momxreebma mizans miaRwies. maT
axali eklesia TumaniSvilebis eklesiasTan ise axlos aaSenes,
rom yovlawmindis xis naSenoba moangries, xuTi adli miitaces
da sakmaod Semosavliani duqnebic Cadges1. ter-saaka aRar Cans
axalsaydris dekanozad. misi adgili ter-yazaras ukavia2.
ter-saakas pirovnebis damaxasiaTebeli erTi saintereso
sabuTic arsebobs.
1792 w, 16 ivniss zemo qarTlis somxurma samRvdeloebam
arza miarTva erekle II-s axpatis gorZaklis uRirsi saqcielis
gamo. arzas xels awerdnen: goris axali saydris dekanozi
ter-yazara, axali saydris krebulis saxeliT goreli xiTa-
riSvili ter-arstakesa, goreli ter-griqora, muxranis deka-
nozi ter-aruTana, karaleli ter-barseRa. CamoTvlili pirebi
uCiodnen yofil gorZakal ter-saakas. mas Zlier Seuviwroebia
dasaxelebuli punqtebis ara mxolod mrevli, aramed samR-
vdeloebac. àras dros xucisagan xucis xeze mikurua da gala-
xva ar gagonila~-o, weren samRvdeloni erekle II-s. miuxedavad
imisa, rom somxuri eklesiis winamZRols ter-saakas gorZak-
loba CamoerTva, mainc Seupovrad ibrZoda aRniSnuli Tanamde-
bobis kvlav xelSi Casagdebad. momCivanni swored amitom mimar-
Tavdnen mefes, rom mas ar daeSva ter-saakas miznis miRweva.
ereklem kanonierad CaTvala somxuri samRvdeloebis saCivari
da winamZRolis moqmedeba ter-saakas gadayenebიs Sesaxeb3.
magram, rogorc Cans, ter-saakam sabolood mainc miaRwia
mizans da adrindel uflebebSi aRsdga. 1799 w. 4 Tebervals Se-
dgenil anderZis wigns xels awers `gorZakali da dekanozi
ter-saaka~4.
wm. stefanes eklesiaze zogierTi cnoba aris 1602 w.
somxuri xelnaweris minawerSi, romelic gadawerilia gorSi
RvTismSoblis somxur eklesiaSi da saCuqrad gadasces wm.
stefanes eklesias. minaweris avtori rstakesi locavs ek-
lesiis mSenebels, magram ar iZleva mis saxels, radgan taZari
aSenda didi xnis winaT, 1602 wels ki misi ganaxleba moxda.
1 masalebi, III, gv. 19, #13.

2 iqve, gv. 225, #168.
3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, VII, gv. 155-156;
4 d. uCaneiSvili, dokumentebi... gv. 122.
403
iqve CamoTvlilia romelma gorelma ra miarTva ganaxlebul
eklesias. imasac vigebT, rom wminda stefanes eklesiasTan xel-
nawerTa asakinZi saxelosno da skola iyo1.
wm. stefanes eklesia daingra XIX s. I meoTxedSi. 1824 w.
goris gegmaze is aRniSnuli aRar aris.
kaTolikoba da kaTolikuri eklesia gorSi
XIII s. 20-iani wlebidan XVI s. Ddasasrulamde, saqarTveloSi

franცiskanelebi da dominikanelebi moRvaweobdnen. Semdgomi
saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi umTavresad Teatinelebi Camodian, xo-
lo 1660-iani wlebidan kapuCinelebs vxedavT. gorSi
dominikanelTa da kapuCinelTa saqmianobaze raime pirdapiri cno-
ba ar gagvaCnia. magram maTi yofna rom savaraudoa, migvaniSnebs
Semdegi: ruseTis armiis yofili polkovniki, warmoSobiT
belgieli, rotie vatikanis propagandis kongregaciisadmi
wardgenil moxsenebaSi (1819 w.) _ `qristianuli religiis Sesaxeb
saqarTveloSi~, iZleva uaRresad saintereso cnobas, rom mas
gorSi unaxavs kaTolike misionerTa mier XV saukuneSi saxlebis
nasyidobis sabuTebi2. rotie ambobs, rom goris erT-erT quCas,
romelsac mis dros Tbilisis quCa erqva, winaT, saqarTvelos
ruseTTan SeerTebamde, frangTa quCa erqvao3. gorSi frangTa
quCis arseboba dasturdeba XVIII saukunis dasasrulis erTi
sabuTiT _ nasyidobaTa nusxa egnate da papua TumaniSvilebisa
(`frangTa quCaSi, rom sasaxlea, dafasda oTxmoc TumnaT~)4. igi
emTxveoda dRevandeli wereTlis quCis sawyis monakveTs.
rotie Semdeg ganagrZobs: ìq (gorSi _ e. m.) dResac vxedavT
erTis wisqvilis axlos nangrevebsa, romelTa Soris moipoveba
erTi didi qva, razedac iqauri mcxovrebni sanTlebs anTeben
1
Мурадян П.М., Армянская эпиграфика Грузии. Картли и Кахети, с. 85.
2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 70, 602.
m. TamaraSvilma sabuTebi eZeba, magram ver miakvlia.
3
masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, III, gv. 324, #217.
TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 70, 602.
4
savaraudoa, XIX s. pirvel meoTxedSi Tbilisis quCa erqva amJami-
ndel gogebaSvili quCas mdinare mejudis marcxena sanapiroze, sa-
dac ganlagebuli iyo wisqvilebi.
404
da loculoben, rodesac maT aciv-acxelebsT. amboben rom im
adgils aSenebuli iyo kaTolikebis eklesiao, romelSiac
iyvnen genueli (jenveli) patrebi da, romelic osmalebma
mTlaT gaanadgureso~1.
vidre TeatinelTa saqmianobaze saubars SevudgebodeT,
manamde mokled unda SevexoT avgustinelTa mosvlas saqarTve-
loSi. isini gansakuTrebulma SemTxvevam moiyvana gorSi.
rogorc cnobilia, 1624 w. 22 seqtembers Sah abasis brZaneb-
iT, SirazSi wamebiT mokles qeTevan dedofali.
qeTevan dedoflis wameba. 1624 wlis 22 seqtemberi2. suraTi

lisabonis da grasas yofili monastridan. TariRdeba XVIII s.
pirveli meoTxediT3.
1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 70, 602.

2 qeTevan wamebulTan dakavSirebuli foto suraTebi gadmomca prof.
giorgi sosiaSvilma, risTvisac did madlobas movaxseneb.
405
iranSi dedofals dauaxlovdnen avgustineli berebi,
romlebic SemdegSi cdilobdnen daemtkicebinaT, rom qeTevan
dedofalma sikvdilis win kaTolikoba miiRo da kaToliked
gardaicvala.
qeTevan dedoflis saflavs, romelic erT Rrma ormos war-
moadgenda, miagno portugalielma berma ambrosio duS-anJusma,
neSti amoiRo da TavianT eklesiaSi gadaitana. avgustinel
misionerTa prefeqtma ambrosios urCia neSti saqarTveloSi
Teimuraz I-Tan waeRo. misi azriT, Tu am moments moxerxebulad
gamoiyenebdnen, SeZlebdnen avgustinelTa misionis daarsebas
saqarTveloSi. avgustinel misionerTa vikarusma aRmosavleTSi
qeTevanis neStis wasveneba daavalა ambrosios da meore
portugaliel misioners, sebastians. patrebma orjer scades
saqarTveloSi Casvla, magram sebastianis avadmyofobis mizeziT
ver ganaxorcieles. bolos, rogorc ambrosios mier goridan
1628 w. 20 ivniss gagzavnili werilidan Cans, ambrosio da
morCili Zma pedro duS santoSi 1628 w. 11 maiss, xuTSabaTs,
gorSi mividnen da qeTevan dedoflis neStis erTi nawili
miitanes1.
Teimurazma didi pativiT miiRo patrebi. man ambrosio Tavis
sasaxleSi daayena. patrebma maSinve ar moaxsenes mefes
TavianTi Camosvlis mizezi. magram TeimurazisaTvis isedac
cnobili iyo, rom misi dedis neSti kaTolike misionerebis
xelSi iyo. amis Taobaze mas TviTonve uTqvams partebisaTvis.
man roca Seityo, rom patrebma Tan moitanes misi dedis
nawilebi, didad gaixara.
3
qeTevan dedofalis wamebisa da misionerebis mier misi nawilebis go-
rSi motanis suraTebi pirvelad gamoaqveyna roberto gulbekianma.
mas isini aRmoaCina zemoTdasaxelebul lisabonis da grasas yof-
il monasterSi, romelic gadaqceuli iyo samxedro yazarmad. am
monastris erT-erT darbazSi r. gulbenkianma ucnobi avtoris pano,
romelic TariRdeba XVIII saukuniT. Gulbenkian R., L’Ambassade en Perse de
Luis Periera de Lacrda et des Pères Portugais de l’Ordre de Saint-Augustin, Belchior dos
Anjos et Guilherme de Santo Agostinho, 1604-1605, Lisbon, 1972, p. 56-57.
1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, II, gv.
134.
406
mesame dRes, specialuri wirvis Semdeg, romelsac mefe da
dedofali eswrebodnen, ambrosiom mefes gadasca qeTevan
dedoflis neStis nawili1.
sur. 8. mama ambrozio dos anJosi gadascems qeTevan

dedoflis relikviebs mis Svils _ mefe Teimuraz I-s
gorSi 1628 wlis ivnisSi.
Teimurazis kiTxvaze Tu ras isurvebdnen patrebi, maT

moiTxoves gorSi adgilis gamoyofa, sadac eklesias da sac-
xovrebel saxls aiSenebdnen. mefem patrebs is adgili uboZa,
romelic TviTon airCies. maT miiRes, agreTve, ramdenime sofe-
li da yma. patrebma monasteri da saxli aages gorSi, romelic
1 z. WiWinaZis mixedviT, patrebma qeTevan dedoflis neStis nawilebi

Teimurazs kaxeTSi miutanes. WiWinaZe z., kaTolikeTa eklesia sa-
qarTveloSi, gv. 55-56. sinamdvileSi, aRwerili ambavi gorSi moxda.
407
erT-erTi saukeTeso nageboba iyo mTel saqarTveloSi. aRwe-
rili ambis momswre da monawile don qristoforo de kaste-
lis mixedviT: misionerebma `TavianTTvis imodena saxli aaSe-
nes, rom Sig moxerxebulad cxovreba SesZlebodaT. aseve aages
mociqulTa Tavadisadmi miZRvnili eklesiac~1.
1629 wels Teimuraz I pap urban VIII-s acnobebda: èrTi we-
liwadia, rac ispahanidgan wminda agvistines wesis yovlad
pativcemulma mama ambroziom mogvitana misi (qeTecan dedo-
flis _ e.m.) gvamis nawilebi. am sikeTisaTvis Cvenc uxvad
davasaCuqreT mama igi: miveciT mamuli, raTa sacxovreblad
sakmao Semosavali hqondes, egreTve vuboZeT adgili, raTa Sesa-
feri eklesia aiSenos da rogorc sasufevlis savaneSi mudam
ilocos CvenTvis~2.
sayuradReboa is cnoba, romlis mixedviT, `misionerebisadmi
keTilganwyobilma Teimuraz mefem, wmida mama ambrosios da
morCil Zma pedros saSualeba misca gorSi, md. mtkvris piras
aegoT saxli da eklesia~3. amonarididan eWvs iwvevs patrebis
mier aSenebuli eklesiisa da saxlis aSenebis adgili _ mtkv-
ris napiri. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom galavanSi
moqceuli qalaqi gori mTeli misi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi md.
mtkvrisagan ramdenime aseuli metriT iyo daSorebuli. marTa-
lia qalaqsa da mdinares Soris manZili didi ar iyo, magram
daSorebis SegrZnebas aZlierebda qalaqis damcveli kedeli,
romlis gareT monastrisa da miT umetes sacxovrebeli saxlis
1 don qristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Se-

saxeb, gv. 60. kastelis naxatebze Cans rogori iyo misionerTa
sacxovrebeli saxlebi yvelgan, sadac maT mouxdaT yofna. maT
sacxovrebel adgilsamyofels, rogorc wesi, Robe aqvs
Semovlebuli, romlis karTan dabmulia ZaRli. ezoSi aris
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis xisgannaSenebi nageboba: orsarTuliani
aivniani saxli, eklesia, RaribTa TavSesafari, dasasvenebeli
saxli stumrebisa da patrebisaTvis da sxvadasxva sameurneo
daniSnulebis nageboba.
2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 108-109.
3
Metzler J., Fondation of the Congregation de Propaganda Fide by Gregorio XV, `sakrae
Congregationis de Propaganda Fide, Memoria rerum 1622-1972~, vol. 1/1, Rom,
Freiburg, Wien, 1972, p. 79-111. citirebulia: tabaRua i., saqarTvelo
evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, III, gv. 87.
408
aSeneba seriოzul xifaTTan iyo dakavSirebuli. isic unda
iTqvas, rom gvianSuasaukuneebis evropul rukebze gori datani-
li iyo mtkvarTan, sxva mdinareebi ki ar aRiniSneboda. mosalo-
dnelia, gaugebroba am garemoebas gamoewvia. md. liaxvic Tavisi
aramdgradi kalapotiT, marTalia cixesa da qalaqis galavans
dasavleTis mxridan Zlier axlos Caudioda, magram galavnis
gareT liaxvis mxares raimes aSeneba SeuZlebeli iyo. SeiZleba
j. metcleri SecdomaSi Seeyvana im werilobiT cnobas, rome-
lSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom gori mdebareobda mdinaris piras,
magram ar iyo aRniSnuli misi saxeli. Cemi azriT, yvelaze
metad misaRebia, rom mSenebloba Catarda md. mejudis siax-
loves meore sajaro skolis, RvTismSoblis taZris da im skve-
ris teritoriaze, sadac mTavarangelozebis eklesia aSenda.
zogadad, isic unda iTqvas, rom goris cixis borcvis samxreT
aRmosavleTi mxare gamoirCeoda taZrebis simravliT.
SemdegSi avgustinelebs baRic hqondaT gorSi1, magram ar
viciT SeiZines Tu saCuqrad miiRes.
TiTqmis araferi viciT avgustinelebis gorSi saqmianobaze.
maT mcire xans imoRvawes. 1632 w. gorSi Savi Wiris epidemia
gavrcelda. seni avgustinelTa saxlsac moedo da yvela imsxve-
rpla, vinc iq imyofeboda: patri winamZRvari, mRvdeli, erTi
morCili Zma da xuTi msaxuri2.
avitabiles monaTxrobiT cnobilia, rom 1633 wels gorsa
da TbilisSi Jami gavrcelda da mravali adamiani imsxverpla.
goris mosaxleobis didi nawili mTebSi gaixizna. gorSi mcxov-
rebi patri karlo peSelisaTvisac uTxoviaT gaxiznuliyo, mag-
ram patrma Tavi ar mianeba upatrono avadmyofebs da TviTonac
daavadda. karlo amjerad gadarCa, da ufro gulmodgined gana-
grZo xalxis mkurnaloba. karlos msaxuri, gakaTolikebuli
goreli axalgazrda, franCiskec daavadda. karlos cda ar
dauklia, magram axalgazrda mainc daiRupa. bolos karloc
daavadda da gardaicvala. sainteresoa, rom am dros Teati-
nelebi gorSi eklesiis gareSe iyvnen. pietro avitabile wers:
`radgan Cven rom eklesia gvqonda, gasuli omebis dros dain-
1 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1075, gv. 22.

2
don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 60.
409
gra, misi (karlos _ e. m.) kurTxeuli neSti davasveneT
eklesiis ezoSi~-o1. ufro metic karlos gardacvalebis Semdeg
misions patric aRar hyavda. Jamma imsxverpla, agreTve, mravali
goreli kaTolike. amgvarad, Tbilissa da gorSi misionis amow-
yvetis saSiSroeba Seiqmna. Tbilisidan gagzavnil erT werilSi
naTqvamia: àmitom didaT gevedrebi, male uSveloT, rom es
misioni ar moispos, rac saSiSia, radgan ukanasknel mdgo-
mareobaSi varT~2.
am dros priori ambrosio duS anJusi naxWevanis episkopos-
Tan imyofeboda. man Tavisi monastris meTvalyured ori domi-
nikaneli somexi beri gamogzavna, erTi mRvdeli iyo, xolo
meore novicianti (morCili Zma)3.
rogorc Cans, ambrosio duS santuSi kvlav gorSi dabrun-
da. is rom 1637 wlis martSi jer isev naxWevanSi imyofeboda,
amis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems cnobili germaneli mogzauri adam
oleariusi imave wlis 7 marts.
adam oleariusis gadmocemiT, ambrosiom germanel elCebs
daxmareba SesTavaza, radgan is am mxareSi imyofeboda ukve 27
wlis ganmavlobaSi da bevri ram icoda adgilobrivi xa-
lxebisa da maTi wes-Cveulebebis Sesaxeb. mas scodnia ramdenime
ena: portugaliuri, laTinuri, qarTuli, Turquli, sparsuli.
oleariusis yuradReba gansakuTrebiT iman miipyro, rom patrs
SemuSavebuli hqonda enebis Seswavlis Taviseburi meTodi4.
1637 w. 15 oqtombers wavida avgustineli patrebis iRumeni,
romelic manamde marto cxovrobda gorSi. is misive ordenis
patrebma gaiwvies ispaanSi. man icoda rom patrebi gorSi aRar
dabrundebodnen, amitom monastridan waiRo yvelaferi, risi
1 iqve, gv. 28.

4
Подробнее описание путешествия голштинского посольства в Московию и Персию
составленое секретарем посольства Адамом Оларием // Чтения в Обществе
Истории и Древностей Российских при Московском Университете, №1, Москва,
1869, c. 549.
410
waRebac SeiZleboda1. man wasvlis win eklesia Teatinelebs
Caabara2.
kaTolikuri agitacia intensiuri gaxda XVII s. I meoTxedis
bolodan, roca saqarTveloSi, movidnen Teatinelebi. adre
mopovebuli informacia safuZvels aZlevda romis paps Sors
mimavali miznebi daesaxa. saqarTveloSi TeatinelTa misionis
SeqmnaSi gansakuTrebuli roli iTamaSa cnobilma italielma
poetma, istorikosma da mogzaurma pietro dela valem3.
pap urban VIII-is brZanebiT, 1626 w. sjulis propagandis
kongregaciam gadawyvita saqarTveloSi gamoegzavna xuTi patri.
SemdegSi maTi ricxvi samamde Semcirda, radgan osmalTa
samflobeloebze xuTi patris mogzauroba saxifaTod CaT-
vales. SeirCa sami patri: pietro avitabile (masve daevala
winamZRoloba), franCesko d’aprile da jakomo di stefano. isi-
ni imave wlis 23 ivliss saqarTvelosken gamoeSurnen. mgzav-
robas mravali xifaTi axlda da misionerebma mxolod 1628 w.
14 dekembers moaRwies gors4, sadac egulebodaT mefe Teimuraz
I. mefe goridan erTi dRis savalze safurcleSi imyofeboda.
Teatinelebi Tvenaxevris ganmavlobaSi avgustinelTa saxlSi
cxovrobdnen5.
patrebma mefes jer saCuqrebi miarTves, werili gorSi
mcxovrebma berZenma mRvdel-monazvnebma berZnulad Targmnes da
erT-erTma maTganma mefes qarTulad waukiTxa. Teimurazi da
patriarqi patrebs yovelgvar daxmarebas dapirdnen, neba misces
eklesia aegoT6. Teimurazma da patriarqma zaqariam patrebs
wirvisa da qadagebis sruli Tavisufleba mianiWes7.
Teimuraz mefe 1629 wels patrebTan dakavSirebiT paps
swerda: ài ukve erTi welia, rac deda Cvenis mSrali Zvali,

3 xec, m. TamaraSvlis piradi arqivi, #1075, gv. 22.
4 vrclad: TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,
gv. 88-100.
87.
6 iqve, gv. 88
7 iqve.
411
e.i. Cveni dedis sxeuli, anu misi nawili, Rirseulma mama amb-
rosio avgustinelma qalaq isfahanidan, sparseTis samefos
karidan, Cvens qveyanaSi Camoitana. amisaTvis madlobis niSnad
me igi aviyvani Cemi mfarvelobis qveS da aRmovuCine mowyaleba,
miveci ra mas kera da miwa imrigad, rom man SeZlos icxovros
da aaSenos saxli da eklesia...~1 ambroziom Tavdapirvelad
droebiTi patara saxli da eklesia aaSena. Semdgom indoeTSi
gagzavna morCili Zma petre, romelmac saWiro fuli Camoitana.
agebuli iqna eklesia, romelic, rogorc miqel TamaraSvili
SeniSnavs, `saqarTveloSi saukeTeso eklesiad iTvleboda~2..
gorSi dabinavebisTanave patrebma qarTuli enis Seswavla
daiwyes, raTa adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mSobliur enaze eqa-
dagaT. yvelaze pirvelad qarTuls daeufla don jakomo di
stefano3. albaT, am garemoebam iTamaSa gadamwyveti roli misi
TeimurazTan daaxloebaSi. amave dros patrebma, romelTac
garkveuli samedicino momzadebac hqondaT, xalxis mkurnaloba
daiwyes. mokle xanSi maT imdenad gaiTqves saxeli, rom maTTan
Soreuli adgilebidanac CamohyavdaT sneulebi. maTve gankurnes
Teimurazis meuRle dedofali darejani, romlis morCena ver
SesZles iranidan Camoyvanilma eqimebma4. didZali xalxi awyde-
boda maT eklesias, sadac papisa da kaTolikuri eklesiisadmi
siyvarulsa da morCilebas unergavdnen.
patrebis aseTi popularoba mosvenebas ukargavda gorSi
moRvawe berZen da qarTvel marTlmadidebel ber-monazvnebs.
isini kaTolicizmis sawinaaRmdego agitacias eweodnen. gansaku-
TrebiT aqtiurobdnen berZeni berebi, romlebic samefo karTan
daaxloebulni iyvnen da yovel xerxs mimarTavdnen patrebis
saxelis gasatexad5. berZnebis mxriv winaaRmdegoba Sewyda mas
Semdeg, rac gorSi movida berZeni mitropoliti, romelic saqa-
rTveloSi mogzaurobda yovelwliuri Sesawiravis asakrefad.
1 iqve, 93
3 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Se-
saxeb, gv. 60.
99-100.
412
ucnobia ra saSualebiT, magram rogorc justo prato ambobs:
`SevZeliT Cvens mxareze gadmogveyvana berZeni mitropoliti,
romelic warsulSi bevrs laparakobda Cvens sawinaaRmdegos...~
gorSi yofnis dros berZeni mitropoliti ramdenime dRe
patrebis saxlSi iyo stumrad. keTilad iyo ganwyobili patre-
bisadmi agreTve `goris episkoposi~, romelmac miwis nakveTic
ki SesTavaza maT, magram, gaugebari mizeziT, patrebma uari
Tqves episkoposis wyalobaze1.
ufro Tbili urTierToba damyarda mefesa da patrebs So-
ris, roca evropaSi mogzaurobidan dabrunda Teimuraz mefis
elCi nikifore irbaxi (nikoloz ColoyaSvili)2 da mouTxro im
uzomo pativiscemasa da daxmarebazე, romelic mas Teatinelma
mRvdlebma evropaSi gauwies. Teimurazma maSinve brZana, amas
iqiT patrebisaTvis ulufa eZliaT da fuliTac daexmara. misi-
onerebma fuli gorSi TavianTi eklesiis Semkobas moaxmares3.
morwmuneTa matebis gamo, avitabilem sxva misionerebic
moiwvia romidan. 1630 w. 18 oqtombers romidan gamogzavnes ori
misioneri _ don juzepe judiCe milaneli da arqanjelo lam-
berti4.
Teimurazs Seqmnili viTareba aiZulebda sifrTxile gamoe-
Cina. mas kargad esmoda, rom misi kaTolicizmisadmi Semwy-
narebloba SeiZleboda moxerxebulad gamoeyenebinaT mowinaaR-
1 iqve, gv. 250-251.

2 1628 w. italiurad Sedgenil erT-erT moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: `xse-
nebulma Teofilem (Teimuraz I _ e.m.) ori Tu sami wlis winaT
kaTolike mefesTan da Cven siniorTan gagzavna elCi, saxelad niCe-
foro (nikoloz _ e.m.), wm. bazilikis beri, uzarmazari tanis da
Savi wveriT: xsenebuli niCeforo gavicaniT~. xec, m. TamaraSvilis
piradi arqivi, #1074, gv. 26. nikifore irbaxis pirovnebis, saekle-
sio da diplomatiuri moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix. mamisTvaliSvili e.,
saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, II, gv. 197-280.
irbaxis TeatinelebTan urTierTobaze, iqve, gv. 278-281.
3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, გვ. 105. n.
irbaxis gorSi dabrunebisa da misi Semdgomi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb
ix. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, III,
109-111; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da
diplomatia, II, gv. 278-312.
413
mdegebsa da misi isedac aramyari mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gauaresebuliyo. magram mefes arc romTan urTierTobis gafu-
Weba surda. amitom man 1630 w. avitabile romSi gagzavna da Tan
gaatana Tavisi da zaqaria kaTalikosis werilebi. Teimurazis
werilSi, amjerad, CvenTvis sainteresoa erTi adgili: `rac
Seexeba Cvenis samefos awmyo mdgomareobas, Zlier samwuxaroa.
TviT es TiaTineli mamebic TvaliT xedaven Tu xisa da Tu qvis
SenobaTa nangrevebsa. amis Sesaxeb yvelafers TviTve moaxsene-
ben Tqvens uwmindesobas. magram yvelaze ufro satirel mdgo-
mareobaSia Cveni eklesiebi, radgan mtrebma ara marto waiRes
Zvirfasi wmida WurWlebi, aramed yvela Sesamoslebi, samka-
ulebi da TviT xatebic ki waiRes da ase erTian gaZarcves. amis
gamo didad vevedrebiT Tqvens unetaresobas, xsenebul mamebs
uSovnoT yvela is, rac eWirebaT TavianTi eklesiis saWiroe-
bisaTvis da Sesamkoblad, raTa umetesis siadviliT gaexsnaT
gza sanatrelis SeerTebisaTvis (qarTuli da kaTolikuri
eklesiebisa _e. m.)~1. Teimurazs avitabilesaTvis daubarebia,
italiidan eqimebi da mxatvrebi wamoeyvana, raTa mkurnalT
xalxisTvis emkurnalaT, mxatvrebs ki dangreuli eklesiebi
aRedginaT2. pietro dela vale romSi moiTxovda: `moemara-
gebinaT gorSi eklesiis msaxurni (ra Tqma unda kaTolikeni _
e. m.) saWiro samoseliT, aseve Savi qsovilebiT... gaigzavnos
Sliapebi, mRvdlis qudebi da sxva sagnebi, romlebic... SeuZ-
lebelia kacma im mxareSi iSovos da arc vinme moipoveba iq,
vinc maT gaakeTebs~3.
avitabilem romSi garkveuli nivTieri Semweoba miiRo.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba imas hqonda, rom misionerebs uf-
leba misces saqarTveloSi wirva-locva qarTul enaze Sees-
rulebinaT.
1631 w. 12 maiss gorSi movidnen don judiCe milaneli da
arqanjelo lamberti. maT ori dRis Semdeg Teimurazi inaxu-
les, romelic goridan erTi dRis savalze imyofeboda. misio-
nerebma mefes saCuqrebi, werilebi gadasces da gorSi gamobru-
1 იქვე, gv. 109.

2 iqve, gv. 121.
3 iqve, gv. 102.
414
ndnen1. misionerebma, amave dros, mefis mier naboZebi eklesiis
SekeTeba daasrules da wminda petres saxeli uwodes2. don
kristoforo de kastelis TqmiT, Teatinelebma àages mociqu-
lTa Tavadisadmi miZRvnili eklesia~3. igulisxmeba gorSi ageb-
uli wm. petres saxelobis eklesia. romSi didad kmayofilni
darCnen gorSi kaTolikuri eklesiis ageba rom Seityves. papi
zaqaria kaTolikosisadmi gamogzavnil sapasuxo werilSi wer-
da: `Cveni sayvareli Svili petre avitabile TeaTineli mRvde-
li, didis sixaruliT da mociqulebrivis siyvaruliT miviReT
da movusmineT... didaT ganixares kardinalTa krebam, gvirgvino-
sanma mefeTa da kaTolike eklesiis yvela rCeulTa, rodesac
Seityes, rom saqarTveloSi Tqvenis meTaurobiT eklesia
daarsda Cveni mRvdlebisa. eg eklesia iqneba samkvidrebeli ara
marto zecierTa saTnoebaTa, romelnic qveyanas bednierebas
mianiWeben...~4.
qadageba eklesiaSi Turqul enaze mimdinareobda. miuxeda-
vad amisa, imdenad bevri xalxi dadioda, rom veRar eteoda.
SeiZleba gazviadebuli iyos, magram mainc yuradRebis Rirsia
1632 w. goridan gagzavnili werili, romelic m. TamaraSvilis
varaudiT, dawerili unda iyos arqanjelo lambertis mier:
`qarTvelebi, romlebsac Cveulebad ara aqvsT eklesiaSi xSi-
rad siaruli, rodesac ki modian, Zlier uxamsad iqcevian,
Cvenis mamebis qadagebiT, sul mTlad gamoicvalnen. misione-
rebma Caagones, Tu raodenis mokrZalebiT da pativiT unda iyv-
nen xolme RvTis saxlSi. amitom axla xSirad modian CvenTan
da mokrZalebiT eswrebian yvelafers; wirvaze da sxva RvTis
msaxurebaze didis mowiwebiT da krZalviT dadian... is aRar
arian, rac uwin iyvnen raica cxadad mowmobs, Tu raodenad
imoqmeda maTze RvTis Zlierebam da madlma... qarTvelebi ra
xedven mefe-dedofali da patriarqi esden didi pativsa, gulke-
Tilobasa da siyvaruls ucxadeben Cvens misionerebs, amnairis
magaliTiT waqezebulni, cdiloben maT mihbaZon da maTsaviT
1 iqve, gv. 111-112.

2 iqve, gv. 116.
3 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb, gv. 60.
415
moepyran patrebs. es xalxi Cvendami pativiscemisa da morCi-
lebis gamocxadebiT cdiloben mefesa, dedofalsa da patri-
arqs aamon da maTi guli moigon~1.
avitabilem moaTava ra Tavisi saqmeebi romSi, italiis Te-
atinelTa monastrebSi Sekriba misionerT ajgufi da saqarTve-
loSi wamoiyvana. es misionerebi iyvnen: vinCenco karifa, don
kristofore de kasteli, antonio jardana, justo prato, gae-
tano korlito, mateo florino, serafino filenjieri da
ieronime karafa. 1632 w. 10 ivliss isini gorSi movidnen2. gorSi
imdenad bevrma misionerma moiyara Tavi (15 Teatineli da 2
avgustineli), rom romSi ganizraxes SeeqmnaT misionerTa
konventi, romelsac morigeobiT uxelmZRvanelebdnen Teatineli
don pietro avitabile da avgustineli ambrozio duS anJuSi3.
xalxSi xma gavrcelda, patrebma evropidan didZali fuli
Camoitaneso. avitabile roca mefe TeimurazTan mivida, mefem
aTi aTasi skudi sTxova sesxad. marTalia, patrebma SemdegSi
daarwmunes igi, rom gavrcelebuli xmebi simarTles ar Seefe-
reboda4, magram am SemTxvevam mainc arasasurveli gavlena
moaxdina Teimurazis patrebTan urTierTobaze. misionerTa
sawinaaRmdego ganwyobilebas berZnebic aRvivebdnen. berZenTa
patriarqi Teimurazs xan TxovniT, xan muqariT urCevda gaede-
vna kaTolike misionerebi. maSindel qarTlsa da kaxeTSi Seqm-
nili politikuri viTarebac uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda misi-
onerTa moRvaweobaze gorSi. Teimurazis mdgomareoba kritiku-
li Seiqmna 1633 wels, rodesac rostom xani yizilbaSTa uzar-
mazari jariT qarTlSi Semovida. Teimurazi imereTs gaixizna.
1 iqve, gv. 116.

2 iqve, gv. 117.
181.
4 1632 wlis erTi italiuri werilidan Cans rogor umweo mdgo-
mareobaSi imyofebodnen aRmosavleTSi wamosuli misionerebi,
romSi mTeli sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi daobdnen gaegzavnaT Tu ara
140 dukati saqarTveloSi moRvawe patrebisaTvis. iqve xazgasmulia,
rom gansakuTrebiT mcire daxmarebas iRebda goris misioni. xec, m.
TamaraSvilis piradi arqici, #1075, gv. 38-39.
416
yizilbaSTa jarma mravali adgili gaZarcva da gadawva.
gadarCa mxolod gori.
rostom mefem icoda gorSi patrebis yofnis Sesaxeb da maT
SeuTvala ar wasuliyvnen tyeebSi gaxiznul xalxTan, Tu vinme
ukve wasuli iyo moeZebnaT da TavianT saxlebSi daebru-
nebinaT1.
patrebma SuaRamisas Seityves Teimurazis gaqcevis da ros-
tomis mosvlis Sesaxeb. avitabilem mizanSewonilad CaTvala
axal mefesTan Sesaxvedrad gaegzavna don jakomo da don
arqanjelo avgustinel patrebTan erTad. maT goris maxlob-
lad SexvdaT rostomis mxedari, romelmac uTxra: `Cvenma mefem
didi kmayofilebiT gaigo, rom mis samefoSi imyofebian
frankebi da radgan egona, rom Tqven SeiZleba sadme mTebSi
xarT gaqceulebi, gatyobinebT da usafrTxoebis garantiasac
gaZlevT, masTan mixvideT. igi Tqven kargi TvaliT gicqeriT da
yovelgvar SesaZlebel wyalobasac ar daiSurebso~2.
gorSi SesvlisTanave gamoCnda rostomis keTilganwyoba
kaTolike patrebisadmi. yizilbaSebma TeatinelTa da avgusti-
nelebis eklesiebis garda, yvეla sxva eklesia daketes. qa-
rTvelTa is eklesiebi, romelic simagreSi iyo, meCeTebad,
xolo somxebis eklesia cxenebis Tavlad gadaaqcies3. qarTuli
da somxuri eklesiebi daketili iyo oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi4.
patrebma rostoms mcire saCuqari (italiidan Camotanili
mooqrul CarCoSi Casmuli erTi sarke, mwvane minis larnaki,
bude makratliT da mooqruli patara danebi) miarTves da ke-
Tili mosvla usurves5. rostomma didi pativiT miiRo isini,
Teimurazis mier miniWebuli yvela privilegia daumtkica da
Tavis mfarvelobasac dapirda6. man brZana aravis Seewuxebina
1 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.), gv. 26-27.

2 iqve, gv. 51.
3 iqve, gv. 57.
251.
417
patrebi da monastrebis, eklesiebis da sxva nagebobaTa aSene-
bis survilic gamoTqva1.
mefis aseTi ganwyobilebis miuxedavad, xalxma imdenad Sea-
viwrova misionerebi (orjer cecxlic ki waukides maT saxls),
rom specialurad dayenebulma jariskacebmac ver uzrunvel-
yves maTi usafrTxoeba da patrebi iZulebuli gaxdnen droebiT
goridan gasuliyvnen2. avitabile sxvaganac aRniSnavs, rom
mdabio xalxi keTili TvaliT ar uyurebda patrebs, `warCinebu-
lebi~ ki did pativiscemas amJRavnebdnen3. 1633 w. zafxulSi
qalaqsa da maxlobel soflebSi dabanakebuli yizilbaSTa
TiTqmis mTeli jari dasaqmebuli iyo cixis aRdgeniT. avita-
bile mwuxarebiT aRniSnavs: `bevri avi ram gadagvxda agvistos
Tvemde, sanam am qalaqSi cixes aaSenebdnen~-o4.
gorSi misvlis umal rostom mefem mociqulebi gaugzavna
dadians da dis, simon gurielis qvrivis, mariamis xeli sTxova.
dadianmac, Tavis mxriv, gorSi rostomTan mociqulebi gagzavna,
romelTa Soris iyo nikifore irbaxi (nikoloz ColoyaSvili).
samegrelos mociqulebma gorSi roca misionerebi ixiles,
maTTan molaparakeba gamarTes zogierTi patris samegreloSi
gadasvlis Sesaxeb. vinc samegreloSi gadavidoda, nikoloz
ColoyaSvili daxmarebas pirdeboda. magram imjerad aravin ar
gamosTqva aseTi survili. m. TamaraSvils miaCnda, rom odiSis
mociqulebs Tan gahyvnen lamberti da judiCe5. magram avi-
tabiles relaciidan Cans, rom dasaxelebili patrebi, gvian, ma-
riam dedoflis moyvanis droisaTvis kvlav gorSi imyofebo-
dnen. roca dedofali TeatinelTa mcire samlocvelos ewvia,
orivem, lambertma da judiCem, misi didi mowoneba daimsaxu-
res6.
mariams mravali didebuli axlda odiSidan da guriidan. am
ukanasknelebmac sTxoves avitabiles misionerebi gaegzavna

2 iqve, gv. 27.
3 iqve, gv. 53.
4 iqve, gv. 27.
418
guriaSi. ase aRmoCndnen guriaSi 1634 w. kristoforo kasteli,
andria jardina da morCili Zma klaudio.
mariam dedofali gorSi movida, didi zeimiT moinaxula
avgustinelTa eklesia da TeatinelTa mcire samlocvelo. rog-
orc iTqva, mariamze gansakuTrebili STabeWdileba moaxdines
judiCem da lambertma. patrebic kmayofilni darCnen1, albaT,
imiT, rom dedofalma maT materialuri daxmareba aRmouCina.
gorSi patrebTan movida erTi poloneli, romelic manamde,
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva episkopossa
da mRvdels emsaxureboda. man axla survili gamoTqva pat-
rebTan emsaxura yovelgvari sazRauris gareSe2.
1635 w. seqtemberSi gorSi movida dominikelTa morCili Zma
jovani da luka, kafas misioneri. man moitana werilebi da mci-
reodeni mowyaleba valebSi Cafluli Teatineli patrebisaTvis.
jovani da lukas molaparakeba hqonda misioner angolisTan3,
magram ar viciT ra iyo molaparakebis sagani.
antikaTolikuri gamosvla moxda gorSi 1634 wels, rodesac
patrebma erT-erTi marTlmadidebeli nasyida lopomanis (?)
gakaTolikeba moindomes. gorelebma damnaSavis dasja ganizra-
xes da kaTolikeTa taZaric daangries4. mosaxleobam saCivriT
mimarTa rostom mefes, mariam dedofals da patriarqs evdemoz
I diasamiZes (1532-1642). goris cixisTavma nasyida TbilisSi gaa-
gzavna. avitabile mas damcvelad gahyva. patriarqma is TavisTan
daibara da ganrisxebulma usayvedura, rogor gabede da Cemi
qarTvelebi frankebis wesze moaqcieo5.
gaimarTa sasamarTlo, romelsac eswrebodnen mefe, kaTali-
kosi da episkoposebi. nasyidas dasacavad sityva warmosTqva
nikifore ColoyaSvilma, romlis gamosvla iseT STabeWdilebas
stovebs, TiTqos igi xalxis winaSe, nasyidasTan erTad, Tavis
Tavsac icavda6. marTalia, nikifores mgznebare sityvam msmene-
lTa erTi nawilis guli moigo, magram sxvebi ukmayofiloni
1 iqve, gv. 29.

2 iqve, gv. 31-32.
3 iqve, gv. 37.
4 iqve, gv. 63.
5 iqve, gv. 64.
6 iqve, gv. 66.
419
darCnen. gansakuTrebiT cxarobda patriarqi, romelic pirdapir
acxadebda: nasyida `nakuw-nakuwad unda vaqcio, amas ar vizamdi
franki, rom ar gamxdariyoo~1.
nasyida kaToliked darCa, magram ukmayofilo xalxi kidev
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi patrebs mosvenebas ar aZlevda. nasyi-
das saqmis Semdeg patriarqi, yvelas, vinc patrebTan saqmes dai-
Werda, eWvis TvaliT ucqeroda2, rac patrebis saqmianobas
Zlier aferxebda. roca rostomi qarTlSi gamefda, brZaneba
gamosca: vinc islamis garda sxva sarwmunoebas miiRebda, sikv-
diliT daisjeboda3. yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg misione-
rebis yofna qarTlSi imdenad gausaZlisi gaxda, rom 30-iani
wlebis bolos isini guriaSi gadavidnen, magram fexi verc iq
moikides da samegreloSi gadabargdnen.
rac dro gadioda, Teatineli misionerebis ricxvi gorSi
mcirdeboda. rogorc zemoT iTqva, isini guriasa da samegre-
loSi gadavidnen: guriaSi _ patri kristoforo kasteli, patri
jardina da morCili Zma klaudio, samegreloSi _ patri
judiCe da patri lamberti. avitabiles 1635 wlis erTi
relaciidan vigebT, rom zogierTi patri da morCili Zma gorSi
gardaicvala. ase TandaTan goris misioni sakmaod Semcirda da
avitabile iZulebuli Seiqmna italiidan axali misionerebi
daebarebina. 1637 w. gorSi movida ori misioneri: franCesko
majo da klemente galano. magram arc es ukanaskneli darCa
didxans gorSi, jer samegreloSi gadavida, Semdeg konstanti-
nopolSi wavida, sadac somxebis skola daarsda4. sabolood
gorSi ori mRvdeli da erTi morCili Zma darCa. Semdeg isinic
samegreloSi gadavidnen. ase, rom 1636 wlidan gorSi Teati-
nelebi aRar iyvnen.
Teatinelebis moRvaweoba kidev ramdenime xans gagrZelda
imereTSi, samegrelosa da guriaSi. magram, imave saukunis 60-ian
wlebSi maTi ricxobrivad Semcirebisa da romidan axali
misionerebis gamougzavnelobis gamo, Teatinelebi gadaSendnen.
1 iqve, gv. 67.

2 iqve, gv. 68.
4 iqve, gv. 130.
420
XVII s. 60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan romidan saqarTveloSi
gamogzavnes kapucinTa ordenis berebi. maT didi gaWirvebisa da
msxverpliT Tbilisamde moaRwies. ramdenime wlis Semdeg kidev
oTxi misioneri movida, magram ufulobis gamo mZime mdgoma-
reobaSi iyvnen. misionerTa jgufs xelmZRvanelobda justino
livornoeli, romelmac gorSi daarsa kapucinelTa misioni. man
qarTuli enis kargad codnis gamo didi avtoriteti moixveWa.
justinom 1667 wels gorSi daarsa kapucinTa misioni, rome-
lsac 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda. Tbilisis misio-
nis prefeqtis serafino da melikokas gardacvalebis Semdeg,
1675 wels, Tbilisis misionis prefeqti.
saqarTveloSi Tavisi moRvweobis Sefasebisas, romelsac is
werilobiT agzavnis romSi (1686 wlis 22 dekemberi), raTa Tavi
daicvas masTan erTad gorsa da TbilisSi myofi zogierTi
misionerisagan, rogorc is wers, ciliswamebisagan, aRniSnavs
Semdegs: àmieridan TiToeuls, rogorc moesurveba, SeuZlia
saqarTveloSi Cirqi momcxos da Tqveni mowyalebis wminda
samsjavros winaSe Cemi saqcieli ukuRmarTad warmoadginos.
Tumca vici, rom Tqveni angelozuri saxisa da samarTliani
msjelobis winaSe WeSmaritebis Suqi ar daixSoba; ar vcdilob
sakuTari Tavis gamamarTlebeli sabuTebis motanas; garda ami-
sa, vgrZnob rogor xarobs Cemi guli, roca Tqvens mowyalebas
yvela Cems keTilismyofelTa yuradRebiT mosmenas vTxov, Tuki
es misias sasargeblo samsaxurs gauwevs. mxolod saWiro araa
Cemi sruliad pirSavad gamoyvana; yovel SemTxvevaSi, goris
misia Cemi damsaxurebaa. me igi davafuZne, mwyobrSi moviyvane da
Sevinaxe, vmarTavdi 7 welze metxans; amis Sesaxeb Rirseul
mamebs stefano d, am (ar ikiTxeba), mama rafaele parmels da
Zma anjelo viterboels SeuZliaT mogiTxron. maT ician, Tu
rogor vxelmZRvanelobdi [goris misias] da rogor movaqcie
[kaTolikur] rwmenaze 150 kaci, ramac Cvens eklesias didebuli
saCuqari SesZina; dae, hkiTxon mama franCesko maria torinoels,
mama bernardo maria neapolels da Zma polikarpo neapolels,
radgan maT mowmobebs vendobi. im misiis xelmZRvanelobidan
gaTavisufleba me moviTxove; Semdeg ara erTxel vixvewebodi,
421
razec damemowmeba mama bernardo maria, romelsac vendobi,
raTa [goris misias] winandeli dideba ar daekarga~1.
axalmosul patrebs Soris iyo saqarTvelodan romSi
Semweobis saTxovnelad Casuli patrma karlo, romelmac
propaganda fideSi waradgina winaswar dasmul kiTxvebze age-
buli moxseneba, romelic sakmaod naTel suraTs iZleva
kaTolicizmis gavrcelebasa da misiebis mdgomareobaze saq-
arTveloSi. 1668 w. 28 noembris moxsenebidan gavecnoT mxolod
im adgilebs, romlebic gors exeba:
`pasuxebi kiTxvebze saqarTvelos misiebis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb.
5. (saqarTvelo _ e. m.) vaWrobis qveyanaa, gansakuTrebiT ki
ori qalaqi, Tbilisi da gori gamoirCeva. vaWroba saqarTvelos
sxva mxareebSi am ori qalaqidan vrceldeba...
9. amJamad saqarTveloSi, TbilisSi eklesia ar aris
(igulisxmeba kaTolikuri eklesia _ e.m.). misioni gvqonda gor-
sa da quTaisSi, magram isini miatoves mRvdelebisa da Tanxebis
naklebobis gamo. Tbilisi da gori ekuTvnian qarTlis mefes,
quTaisi ki imereTis mefes. Tbilisi daSorebulia goridan 2
dRis savalze, xolo gori quTaisisagan 4 dRis savalze...
11. qarTlis mefe zogjer TbilisSi zis, zogjer gorSi.
imereTisa zis qalaq quTaisSi, kaxeTis mTavari da gurieli,
radgan qalaqebi ara aqvT, xan erT sofelSi arian, xan meo-
reSi...
13. TbilisSi kaTolikeTa ojaxebi rvamde iqneba. imaT gar-
da, CvenTan aRsarebas amboben mravalni: mamakacebi, qalebi da,
gansakuTrebiT mravlad, bavSvebi. gorSi, qalaqis mTavargamge-
beli, mravali soflis patroni mTeli Tavisi ojaxiT WeSma-
riti kaTolikea. quTaisSi kaTolikeTa erTi ojaxia.
14. TbilisSi eqvsamde (kaTolike _e. m.) somexi vaWaria,
romlebTanac Tavisuflad SegviZlia yvela Cveni wesi Sevas-
ruloT. magram gorSi rom (didebulia _ e. m.) is yvelas sjob-
nis. mas sxva mizani ara aqvs, garda Cveni daxmarebisa, roca
1 papaSvili m., justino livornoelis erTi dRemde ucnobi relacia //

goris saxelmwifo-saswavlo universitetis istoriisa da arqeo-
logiis centris Sromebi, 10, Tb., 2015, gv. 232-233
422
gorSi mivalT, SemogvierTdeba xolme suliero sazrdos Seqm-
nisas, yovelTvis mis saxlSi vCerdebiT...
iq (saqarTveloSi _ e.m.) mravali eklesiaa. marto TbilisSi
iqneba 15-mde, nawili qarTvelebisa, nawili somxebisa, kaToli-
kebisa ki arc erTi. vloculobT erT patara oTaxSi. gorSic
Tormetamde eklesia iqneba. maT Soris aris erTi lamazi
eklesia, romelic 20 wlis winaT avgustinel patrebs ekuT-
vnodaT. iqve hqondaT mSvenieri monasteri, dRes eklesia dedo-
fals ekuTvnis da qarTveli samRvdeloni msaxuroben. gorSi
aris agreTve erTi patara eklesia, romelic 20 wlis winaT
Teatinel patrebs ekuTvnodaT. miuxedavad didi winaaRmdego-
bisa, mTavarma brZana CvenTvis moecaT, magram amJamadac maT
xelSia. misionerTa aryofnisa da usaxsrobis gamo ver Sevi-
narCuneT...
rac Seexeba avgustineli patrebis eklesias, monastეrsa da
baRs gorSi, SeiZleba davibrunoT, Tu Cven iq davsaxldebiT da
dedofals eqimobiT movemsaxurebiT an raime saCuqars mivarT-
mevT, an mowyalebas moiRebs.
daaxloebiT 20 an 30 wlis winaT gorsa da quTaisSi cxo-
vrobdnen avgustinelebi da Teatinelebi. mravali ambobs, rom
exlac ixseneben im sikeTes rasac isini Cadiodnen da mravali
kaTolikenic iyvnen. did survils gamosTqvamen, rom im
qalaqebSi davsaxldeT~1.
me-13-e muxlSi naxsenebi `qalaqis mTavargamgebeli~, ra Tqma
unda, qalaqis mouravi givi I amilaxvari (1656-1696) unda iyos.
didad saeWvoa, rom givi amilaxvari Tavisi ojaxiT daufaravad
aRiarebda kaTolikobas. misi patrebisadmi keTilganwyoba qarT-
lis mefe vaxtang V Sahnavazis mier gatarebuli politikiT
iyo nakarnaxevi. mefisa da goris mouravis amgvari damo-
kidebulebiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli, rom rogorc patri
karlo fiqrobda, maSin gorSi kapucinTa moRvaweobisaTvis
nayofieri niadagi arsebobda. am politikiT unda avxsnaT
1 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1074, f. 38-42. mcireodeni

gansxvavebiT ix. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa
Soris, gv. 234-235.
423
`gorelebis~ survili kapucinebs TavianTi misioni maT qala-
qSi daearsebinaT.
patrma karlom sakmao Semweoba miiRo romSi, magram, sa-
fiqrebelia, igi avadmyofobis gamo saqarTveloSi aRar dab-
runda. 1669 w. romidan kidev sxva Svidi kapucini patri
gamogzavnes; ioseb antonio romaeli, franCiske montekatineli,
stefane amelieli, rafael parmeli, justino livorneli,
franCiske piemonteli da Zma barTlome sanjulianeli.
TbilisSi mosvlis mesame dRes, patri justino livornel-
ma, patri franCiske piemontelma da adre, jer kidev 1662 w.
TbilisSi misulma Zma andriam gorSi misioni daarses. som-
xebma axali ZaliT daiwyes maTi devna. marTalia, qarTvelebi
ufro kapucinebs uWerdnen mxars, radgan, am SemTxvevaSi,
kaTolike patrebi somex samRvdeloebas upirspirdebodnen mar-
Tlma-didebel qarTvelebze gavlenis mopovebisaTvis. somxuri
eklesiis reaqcia kaTolike patrebisadmi savsebiTY gasagebi
xdeba, roca patrebis moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT, rom maT xuTi
Tvis ganmavlobaSi 300-ze meti bavSvi mounaTlavT gorSi1, rac
friad gazviadebuli unda iyos.
propaganda fides erT-erTi aqtis mixedviT, romelic daTa-
riRebulia 1671 wliT, misionerebi im qonebis dabrunebis imeds
ar kargavdnen, rac Teatinelebsa da avgustinelebs gorSi
hqondaT papis, urban VIII-is dros. am dros is qoneba somexi
mRvdlebis xelSi iyo. gorSi cxovrebis ori wlis ganmavlo-
baSi patri agostino livornoeli xalxs naTlavda sikvdiliT
dasjis muqaris miuxedavad2.
misionerebis avtoriteti da maTdami ndoba sagrZnoblad
gaizarda. warmatebis sawindari, ZiriTadad, medicinaSi maTi
ganswavluloba iyo. isini ufasod mkurnalobdnen. amiT Sedi-
odnen kontaqtSi maRali Tu dabali warmoSobis adamianebTan.
amiTve aRwevdnen warmatebas mefisa da kaTolikosis karze. 1672
w. Tbilisidan romSi gagzavnil werilSi naTqvamia: àm dros
Cveni yoveli Sroma Zlier kargad wavida; as kacamde Tu tfi-
liss da Tu gorSi movida CvenTan da aRsareba sTqva; sxva
1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 235-

236.
2 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1101, f. 64.
424
bevrma Cveni sarwmunoeba aRiara da daiwyo saidumlos xSirad
miReba, Tumca ki farulad, SiSis gamo... exla gvaqvs ori saxli
da ori eklesia, erTi tfilissa da erTi gorSi. isic araa
farulad, aramed cxadad da yvelas winaSe, rac iSviaTad xdeba
aRmosavleTSi~1.
imave werilidan vigebT, rom gorSi patrebTan mivida da
kaTolikobis miRebis survili gamoTqva im droisaTvis friad
cnobilma pirovnebam, ardaSelma, romelic daaxloebuli iyo
vaxtang V SahnavazTan. misi mama episkoposi iyo. ardaSeli
goridan TbilisSi wavida da sabolood miatova marTlmadide-
bloba. ardaSelis msgavsi adamianebis mier kaTolikobis aRia-
reba did warmatebas uqadda misionerebs, radgan isini sxvebi-
saTvis misabaZni xdebodnen. àmis (ardaSeli _ e.m.) saSualebiT
didi imedi gvaqvs, rom kaTolike sarwmunoeba Zriel gavrce-
ldes~ _ werdnen gaxarebuli patrebi romSi.
ardaSelma aqtiurad dauWira mxari kapucinebs, kerZod is
maT aqezebda kvlav xelT egdoT adre xsenebuli skviTi
(albaT, sof. skra) da tinisxidi da sxva mamulebi, romlebsac
msxvili Tavadebi daepatronen. tinisxidi levan batoniSvils
ekuTvnoda, skviTi _ papuna falavandiSvils.
patrebi fiqrobdnen, rom samisionero saqmianobis warmate-
bis erT-erTi piroba maTi saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba unda
yofliyo. axalgazrdobis dasavleTevropul (italiur) kultu-
rasTan ziareba maT kaTolicizmis erTgulebis sawindrad
miaCndaT. àm senis sawinaaRmdegoda, _ werdnen patrebi romSi,
_ radgan karga xania surdaT laTinuris da italiuris swav-
la, davawyebineT gramatikis swavleba am enebze, gamocdilebam
gviCvena, rom rodesac maT italiuri ician, maSin verc Tavia-
nTi amxanagebis dacinva da verc TavianTi mSoblebis simkacre
maT ver aSorebs Cvengan da sarwmunoebisagan~2.
m. TamaraSvils Tavis TxzulebaSi moyvanili aqvs erTi uTa-
riRo werili3, `romelsac patrebs swers, vgoneb sparseTidan,
1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 240,

676.
2 iqve, gv. 240-242, 250.
3 m. TamaraSvili varaudobda, rom werili unda SeedginaT 1675 wla-
mde.
425
aleqsi giorginiani (hiorghiniani), Zma farsadan begisa, rome-
lsac hqonia soflebi goris axlos~. werilidan irkveva, rom
aleqsandres vaJi estate `wignsa da enas~ patrebTan swavlobda.
vin iyo farsadan begi da misi Zma aleqsandre?
vfiqrob, werili dawerilia warmoSobiT goreli istoriko-
sis, farsadan gorgijaniZis mier. farsadansac hyavda sami Zma:
aleqsi, mirijani da meqini. isini gorelebi iyvnen, magram
iranSi moRvaweobdnen1.
aleqsandre pirvel zarafad iTvleboda Sahis karze: sava-
raudoa, rom mas col-Svili datovebuli hyavda gorSi. mis
vaJs, estates, patrebi wvrTnidnen.
kapucinelTa warmatebebi droebiTi iyo. amaze metyvelebs im
xanad saqarTveloSi namyofi Jan Sardenis monaTxrobi Tbi-
lissa da gorSi moRvawe kapucinebze.
diplomatiuri misiiT irans mimavali Jan Sardeni 1672 w. 15
dekembers RamiT ewvia gors. is Tavisi sarekomendacio bara-
TebiT maSinve kapucinebis saxlSi mivida. irans mimaval Sard-
ens Tan mihqonda SahisaTvis gadasacemi nivTebi, magram xifaTis
gamo, Tavis Tanamgzavri samegreloSi datova da nivTebic mas
Caabara. Sardeni gorSi im imediT movida, rom patrebi daex-
marebodnen. patrebma mzadyofna gamoTqves, magram, Tu Tbili-
sidan TavianTi prefeqtis nebarTva ar eqnebodaT, verafers
iRonebdnen. Sardeni TbilisSi wavida. mas Tan gaayoles
morCili Zma anJ de viterbi, romelic daxelovnebuli mkurnali
da dastaqari iyo da didi pativiscemiT sargeblobda. man
kargad icoda qarTuli da Semovlili hqonda mTeli qarTli.
is gamoirCeoda amtanobiT, lmobierebiTa da keTil-gonierebiT.
Sardeni 16 dekembers Tbilisisken gaemgzavra2, 21-Si gor-
Si dabrunda da 22-Si imereTis gzas daadga. Sardens erTi
goreli kapucini daewia da acnoba, rom mis mier gaZevebuli
msaxuri Tbilisidan gorSi mivida da SurisZiebiT imuqreboda.
1 vrclad. ix. kiknaZe r., farsadan gorgijaniZe da ìstoria azmani

SaravandedTani~, gv. 9-17; nakaSiZe r., farsadan gorgijaniZis isto-
ria. biografiisaTvis // `literaturuli Ziebani~, Tb., 1983, gv. 192-
202.
gv. 274-275.
426
Sardeni gorSi dabrunda 1673 w. 22 ianvars RamiT da 25-mde
darCa, Semdeg erT-erT gorel kapucinTan erTad isev Tbili-
sisaken gaeSura1.
misionerebs imdenad SeumcirdaT mrevli da, Sesabamisad,
Semosavalic, rom maT kaxeTsa da kavkasiis sxva adgilSi gada-
saxleba ganuzraxavT2.
gamiZneldeba vTqva, kapucinebi goridan droebiT wavidnen
Tu ara. magram erTi cxadia, sakmao xnis ganmavlobaSi araviTa-
ri cnoba ara gvaqvs maTs saqmianobaze am qalaqSi.
1686 w. werilidan Cans, rom gorSi patrebi kvlav ar iyvnen,
magram am qalaqSi dabrunebis imeds ar hkargavdnen. 1689 wels
isini moiTxovdnen 64 piastrs, raTa somxebis xelidan gamoe-
xsnaT da aRedginaT monasteri. savaraudoa, patrebma erTi
piroba eklesiis aRdgena SesZles, magram somxebma waarTves, an
somxebi maTs naeklesiar adgils daepatronen. werilSi aRni-
Snulia, agreTve, rom Tu Teatinelebs eklesia ar eqnebaT,
maSin kaTolike mRvdlis gorSi gagzavna SeuZlebeliao3.
rogorc Cans, gorSi eklesiis aRdgena misionerebma mokle
xanSi SeZles. patrebi ganuwyvetliv werdnen romSi TavianT
xelmokleobaze. isini dauyonebliv SekeTebas moiTxovdnen
Tbilisis eklesisa da monasteris, gorSi ki mxolod monastri-
sas. am ukanasknelis SekeTebisaTvis patrebi 86 skuds moiT-
xovdnen. sul, Tbilisisa da goris eklesia-monastrebisaTvis
346 skudi WirdebodaT4.
1691 wlis werilidan vigebT, rom kapucinebs gorSi saxlic
daukargavT. isic somex mRvdlebs miuTvisebiaT5.
gvaqvs erTi saintereso sabuTi, Sedgenili propaganda fi-
deSi 1698 w. romelsac safuZvlad daedo kapucinTa prioris
mier 1697 w. 8 ivliss kongregaciaSi wardgenili moxseneba.
masSi aRniSnuli iyo goris misionis mdgomareoba. priori
kongregaciis yuradRebas miapyrobda omis Sedegad gorSi
kapucinelTa dangreuli eklesiis aRdgenis aucileblobas. mas
1 iqve, gv. 278-280, 288-289.

2 iqve, gv. 325.
4 იქვე, f. 10.
427
SesaZleblad miaCnda Samaxiis misionis mier 1696-1697 wlebSi
dazogili Tanxidan 150 skudis gamoyeneba goris monastris
modifikaciisaTvis.
moxsenebis safuZvelze gamoikveTa Semdegi sakiTxebi:
`1. raTa SenarCunebul iqnes Tbilisis misioni, sadac mokle
xanSi zedized gardaicvala ramdenime monazoni Savi WiriT,
romelic xSirad musrs avlebda qveyanas, sul dacarieldeba
Tu iq goris misionidan saswrafod ar gaigzavna monazoni gar-
dacvlilis Semcvlelad.
2. fexze damdgari goris misonis marto eklesia araraoba
iqneba, Tu ar aRsdga monasteri.
3. radgan goris mosaxleoba keTilganwyobilia miiRos wmin-
da sarwmunoeba, imedovneben maTs Svilebs kapucini patrebi
gawvrTnian~1.
gadawyda goris misionisaTvis gamoeyoT 150 skudi.
erTi uTariRo moxsenebidan (igi SeiZleba daTariRdes 1698
da 1699 wliT), romelic Sedgenilia kapucinTa mqadageblis
fra feliCe maria da selinos mier, Cans, rom qarTlSi mxolod
Tbilisis misioni moqmedebda. rac Seexeba gors, avtoris
TqmiT, igi ori Tu sami wlis winaT sparselebis da qarTve-
lebis omis dros daingra2. feliCe mariasTvis cnobili iyo wm.
kongregaciis dadgenileba gorSi misionis aRdgenisaTvis Tav-
dapirvelad 150 skudis gamoyofis Sesaxeb. SemdegSi es Tanxa
180 skudamde gazardes3.
moyvanili cnobebidan irkveva, rom kapucinebma kvlav aRid-
gines TavianTi ufleba goris eklesiasa, monastersa da sax-
lze. magram araferia naTqvami, rogor SeZles am nagebobaTa
gamoxsna somexi mRvdlebis xelidan, arc is Cans, dabrundnen
Tu ara misionerebi gorSi XVII saukunis dasasruls.
misionerTa yofna gorSi savaraudoa 1713 w. am dros gorSi
imyofeboda sulxan-saba orbeliani da SedarebiT xelsayreli
pirobebi unda Seqmniliyo misionerTa moRvaweobisaTvis. gor-

2 misioneri unda gulisxmobdes giorgi XI-sa da erekle I-s Soris
brZolas. erekle xom yizilbaSTa jars emyareboda.
428
Tan aris dakavSirebuli sulxan-sabas evropaSi mogzaurobis
momzadeba da dawyeba1.
1745 w. romidan saqarTveloSi movida ori episkoposi, rom-
lebsac, rogorc Cans, ainteresebdaT patrebis mdgomareoba,
saqmianoba da kaTolikobis gavrcelebis done da SesaZleb-
lobani. episkoposni gorSic movidnen da mcire xans darCnen.
maT umaspinZla qarTvel kaTolike zubalaSvilebis ojaxma2.
XIX saukunis miwurulSi, goris kaTolikuri eklesiis pat-
rs, don Ggabriel asaliniSvils goris qarTvel kaTolikeTa
eklesiis erT Zvel laTinur-qarTul tibikonSi unaxavs laTi-
nuri Canaweri, romelic Seicavda cnobas zemodasaxelebuli
ori episkoposidan erT-erTis Sesaxeb. `1745 maisis 11, romelic
iyo dRe kviriake, goris kaTolikeTa axal aRmSeneblad wminda
silibistrosi da wm. giorgisa, me filipe episkopozma mironi
vscxe katarine Svil giorgisa, mariams, annas, TinaTins, Tamars
da sxva~3.
imave dRes, imave eklesiaSi, kaTolikeTa mravalricxovani
mrevli Seikriba da filipe episkoposma mironi scxo.
vinme Zma serafine malTeli 1751 w. 4 agvistoSi gorSi amo-
wmebs imereT-afxazeTis kaTalikosis, rostom raWis erisTavis
mier kaTolikobis aRiarebas: `me, qvemored xelis momweri,
qarTul enaSi gamocdili, vmowmob, rom aq moyvanili qarTulad
naTargmni sarwmunoebis aRsareba, srulad eTanxmeba am dabeW-
dil dedans, romelic romSi netar xsenebul urbano mervis
brZanebiT gamoica propagandis stambiT. gori 4 agvistos, 1751
w. me Zma stefane malTeli, ufrosis moadgile, sakuTari
xeliT~4. rogorc Semdgomi movlenebidan Cans, 1751 w. gorSi
sxva patrebic iyvnen.
1754 w. gorisa da Tbilisis somxebma erToblivad mimarTes
erekle II-s da patrebis gandevna moiTxoves, radgan isini xa-
lxs afrangebeno, ereklem patrebis gandevnaze uari ganacxada,
1 vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika

diplomatia, III. (mzaddeba gamosaqveyneblad).
2 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, 59, gv. 154.
3 gabriel aslaniSvili, axali cnoba qarTvelY kaTolikeT romis
tibikonis Sesaxeb, `cnobis furceli~, 1899, #843.
429
magram saqmeSi dedoflis Carevis Semdeg `romeli
brZana:
gakaTolikdes, Tavis sakuTar saxlidan ganZevebul iqnas da
CamoerTvas yvelaferio~1. marTalia, mefem kaTolikobaze gada-
svla akrZala, magram sarwmunoebaSecvlilni mainc bevrni
iyvnen. propaganda fideSi wardgenil moxsenebaSi 1756 wels
kapucini patri ioseb modeneli aRniSnavda: àmJamad gorSi myo-
fi kaTolikebi arian 100, garna sxva kidev ramdenime gafantuli
arian aqa-iq soflebSi, rodesac gzaSi uSiSrobaa da romelsame
qaravans gavla SeuZlia, misionerebi midian maT sanaxavad,
wvrTnian da saidumloebas usruleben. TiTqmis yvela es kaTo-
likebi, gorSi Tu mis gareT myofni, arian qarTuli tibikonisa
da mis Tanaxmad scxovroben~2.
gorSi kaTolikeTa Seviwrovebis saqmeSi Teimuraz II ufro
Sors wavida. misi brZanebiT 1755 w. goris kaTolikeTa eklesia
da saxli morwmuneebs CamoerTvaT. saxli arqieipiskoposis
gankargulebaSi gadavida. arqiepiskoposi roca gorSi mividoda,
im saxlSi unda gaCerebuliyo, RvTismsaxureba ki yofil kaTo-
likeTa eklesiaSi aResrulebina3. imave sigelis Sinaarsze
dayrdnobiT sul sxvanairad (Cemi azriT, arasworad) aqvs gage-
buli Teimurazis RonisZieba don Ggabriel aslaniSvils. misi
TqmiT ereklem episkoposi (aslaniSvili episkoposad ixseniebs
kiriles) samudamod gadaiyvana gorSi, `romlis mRvdelT mTav-
rad iTvleboda, ewira am misionerebis eklesiaSi da sacxov-
reblad misa yofiliyo misive monasteri~. arqiepiskoposi kiri-
le mefem, rom samudamod ar gadmoiyvana gorSi, amis sabuTad
gamodgeba Teimuraz II-is brZaneba, romelSic vkiTxulobT: ,,q.
Cveni brZaneba aris, gors patrebis saydari da sasaxle mTavar-
efiskopozis, batonis wmindas kirilesaTvis gviboZebia da
wyaloba gviqnia, Tavis taxtaT da sadgomaT, roca gors mibr-
Zandebodes, am saydarsa da saydris saxlebSi dadgebodes, rad-
gan gori <q> {da} qarTveli kaci, amis samwyso iyo, es patrebis
naqoni eklesia amisTvis gviboZebia. qristeSobis ka, q(oro-
1 iqve, gv. 370.

2 iqve, gv. 370.
3 Грузинские церковные гуджары, c. 51. d. furcelaZes am saintereso
sigelis mxolod Sinaarsi moaqvs.
430
ni)k(on)s umg~.aqvs beWdis adgili legendiT: …...m(e)f(e)...
Teimurazis damtkicebuli (10). (xazgasma _ m. S.)1.
eklesia XIX s. dasasrulsac mdgara, saxli dangreula da
mis adgilas samrevlo skola auSenebiaT2.
kaTolikeTa mfarvelad kaTalikosi anton I gamodioda. es
garkveulad umsubuqebda mdgomareobas patrebs. magram
marTlmadidebeli eklesia ver iTmenda kaTolicizmis warma-
tebas. antikaTolikuri moZraobis meTaurad gamovida Teimuraz
II-is karis moZRvari zaqaria gabaSvili, poet besik gabaSvilis
mama. zaqariam, Teimurazis mxardaWeriT, antonis kaTalikoso-
bidan gadayanebas miaRwia. antonma sajarod aRiara Tavisi
cdoma da amis Semdeg ruseTSi wasvlis neba darTes. antonis
kaTalikosobaSi mxilebam marTlmadideblebis, gansakuTrebiT
somxebisa da berZnebis mkacri reaqcia gamoiwvia.
1756 w. aprilSi ruseTs mimavali anton I gors ewvia da
aRdgoma dRes goris eklesiaSi wirvis ufleba misces3. is
gorSi kaTolikebis eklesiasTan berebis saxlSi gaCerda. misma
aseTma moqmedebam Zlier aaRelva qalaqis samRvdeloeba.
antonma Tavi imiT imarTla, naavadmyofari var da, radgan amaze
ukeTesi saxli ar aris, aq gavCerdio4. antoniT ukmayofilo go-
relebma mefesTan iCivles5.
sainteresoa, ratom iTxova anton kaTalikosma gorSi ewira
aRdgoma dRes? savaraudoa, antons surda gamomSvideboda Tavis
yofil Tanamoazreebs _ gorel kaTolikebs. patri anton tren-
toelis moxsenebidan irkveva, rom antons kaTolikoba gorSi
miuRia: àm kaTalikozma (antonma _e.m.), RvTis madliT aRZr-
ulma, bolos miiRo romis wmida sarwmunoeba da Cvenis misi-
oneris goris ufrosi patri ieronime norCelis winaSe aRiara
kaTolike sarwmunoeba~6.
1 SaorSaZe m., kaTolikos-patriarqi kirile II (ciciSvili) da misi

moRvaweoba. istoriul-eTnologiuri Zebani, XII, Tb., gv. 2010.
2 `cnobis furceli~, 1899, #843.
4 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, gv. 57.
5 WiWinaZe z., patri nikola rogorc eqimi da misi drois qarTveli
kaTolikeni saqarTveloSi, tf., 1896, gv. 24.
431
patrebma didi pativi miages antons, rac maTTvis
sabediswero gaxda. ara mxolod goris patrebs da sxva kaTo-
likebs, aramed Tbilisisasac CamoarTves eklesia da sxva
qoneba, patrebi gandevnes. `xolo qarTvelebma TavianTi javri
amoiyares im sam kaTolike sasuliero pirze, romelnic
patriarqs axldnen. sami dRe qalaqis mTel quCebsa da meid-
nebSi atares yovelnairi SeuracxyofiT da gaupatiurebulni~.
imaT ki vinc kaTolikobas aRiarebdnen, sxvadasxva vneba
miayenes. rbevisaken mouwodebdnen zaqaria gabaSvili da mRvde-
li laraZe. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT kaTolikebisagan qrTami
aiRes, rogorc patrebi werdnen, mainc ar daindes isini. am
dros ganadgurda gorSi kaTolikeTa saavadmyofo, wamalxana
da saswalebeli1. goris kaTolikuri eklesia mefes ìqauri
arqiepiskoposisaTvis~ gadaucia2.
romSi didi SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia Tbilissa da gorSi kaTo-
likeTa rbevam. romma patrebis dacva sTxova avstrias, saf-
rangeTs da konstantinepolis patriarqs. safrangeTis elCma
konstantinepolSi miiRo brZaneba yuradReba mieqcia saqarTve-
lodan gandevnili kapucinebisaTvis. man marTlac SeZlo raRac
SeRavaTebi moepovebina axalcixeSi TavSefarebuli kapucinebi-
saTvis, magram `sxva yoveli cda, rom maT daubrundeT yvela
adgilebi, saidanac ganidevnen, srulebiT amaoa, da SeiZleba
mavnebelic iyos~3.
1755-1773 wlebSi gorel kaTolikebs eklesia aRar hqondaT.
isini zubalaSvilebis saxlSi ikribebodnen da wess iq asru-
lebdnen4.
1757 w. kaTolike berebs gorSi dabrunebis neba misces. erek-
le II-m, roca batoniSvili vaxtangis mkurnalad patri leona-
rdo miiwvia, man jer gorisa da xelTubnis kaTolikebs wminda
saidumloeba miaRebina da mere Tbiliss gaemgzavra. leonardo
meoredac movida axalcixidan erekles meuRlis avadmyofo-
basTan dakavSirebiT. goridan leonardosTan ori berZnuli

3 iqve, gv. 376.
432
tiპikonis qarTveli mRvdeli misula da kaTolikoba miuRiaT1.
rac Seexeba kapucin patrebs, isini, rogorc Cans, qarTlSi
dabrunebis da damkvidrebis did enTuziazms ar amJRavnebdnen.
erekles moTxovniT, axalcixis ufrosma patrma aloizim gorSi
gagzavna patri giorgi Taurineli. giorgi 1767 w. 14 marts
Cavida gorSi2. mas misces saxli, romelSic trapeze aRmarTes
da kaTolikebi eklesiis magier iyenebdnen3. CamorTmeuli ekle-
siis magier, rogorc 1893 wels `cnobis furceli~ ityobi-
neboda, mefem misionerebs eklesiis asaSenebeli adgili uboZa.
male mSeneblobac daiwyo4. `cnobis furcelis~ cnoba, rom
simarTles ar Seefereba, amis Sesaxeb vrclad iTqmeva qvemoT.
ereklem TandaTanobiT Secvala Tavisi politika kaToli-
keTa mimarT. man goris mamasaxlissa da cixisTavs ori baraTi
gaugzavna da patrebisadmi yuradReba daavala. patri aloizi
1768 w. romSi swerda, rom mizanSewonilia misionerebis gorSi
dabrunebao. viciT rom 1770 wels gorSi ori patri iyo. amas
vigebT Tav. mouravovis mier graf paninisaTvis gagzavnili
werilidan5. eseni unda iyvnen is patrebi, romlebic, giul-
denStedtis TqmiT, onidan gadmovidnen. erTi maTgani gorSi iyo
1772 welsac, xolo meore ki wina wels osebs gauZarcvavT da
mouklavT goris gzaze6.
imave dros, romidan gorSi dabrunda kapucinebTan monoz-
nad Sesuli goreli morCili Zma antona qarTveli, romelmac
samisionero saqmianoba TbilisSi daiwyo. man SemdegSi kidev
ramdenjerme imogzaura romSi. erTxel, 1779 wels, man romidan
Camoitana papis mier imereTis mefisaTvis gagzvnili werili da
saaTi. sxva cnobis mixedviT, antona romis monasterSi kapuci-
nebis samosliT Seimosa 1781 wels. is iyo saukeTeso eqimi, ris
gamo TiTqmis gamudmebiT erekles karze imyofeboda. m. Tamara-

380.
5
Грузии, 1, с. 217.
6 giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, I, gv. 109.
433
Svilis varaudiT, antona gardaicvala 1787 wlis pirvel naxe-
varSi1
somex samRvdeloebas awuxebda saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi so-
mxebis erTi nawilis gadasvla kaTolikobaze. mefes maT mTeli
rigi kanonebi gamoacemines, romlebic sastikad krZalavdnen
somxebis gakaTolikebas2.
kaTolikeTa devna jer TbilisSi daiwyo. 1781 w. 27 dekem-
bers axalcixidan gorSi wamosuli ufrosi patri andria
mxilveli iyo kaTolikeTa darbevisa3. mefe erekle piradad mo-
vida gorSi da kaTolikeTa devnas xelmZRvanelobda. `radgan
qveynis saqmeebi ase Txoulobso, garna Sedegi kargi iqneba, Tu
patrebisa da Tu maTi erisTviso~ _ ambobda mefe4. patrebma
kargi Sedegi cota mogvianebiT moimkes. 1781 w. 20 noembris
brZanebiT Tbilisisa da goris patrebi da maTi ymebi gaTavisu-
fldnen yovelgvari xarjisa da gamosaRebisagan, brZanebaSi
naTqvami iyo: èse wyalobis wigni da sigeli giboZeT Tqven
patri ufross andriasa da erTobliv patrebsa. ase, rom
vincavin Tqveni ymani, an aq qalaqSi da an gorSi imyofebian.
begara ara eTxovebodes ra. da arca ra gamoerTvasT. salekosa
da morigis meti. rac SeiZleba hqondesT TavianTis SeZlebiT
ara eTxoebodesT ra, verca aravin ram gamoarTvasT da verc
aravin Seawuxos. da romelnic aq qalaqSi an gorSi mebaJeebi
imyofebodeT, TqvenTvisac ase gvibrZanebia: rac baJi eCmiaZinis
ymebsa da Tu sxva eklesiebis ymebs erTmeodesT amaTs ymebsac
is baJi unda gamoarTvaT. Tu meti gamoarTviT raime, Cvengan di-
aR sawyeno iqneba da kidevac gardagaxdevinebT. qalaqisa da
goris mouravno da meliqo da an vinca vin Cveni moxeleni da
Cvengan gamogzav nilni iasaulni iqnebodeT, Tqvenc ase ico-
deT...~5.
1 TamaraSvil m., itoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 386, 397,

405.
2 iqve, gv. 388-391.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 280. axalcixuri qronikebi, gv.
159.
5 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 148; axalcixuri qronikebi, gv.
397-398.
434
kaTolikebisadmi mefis keTilganwyobis miuxedavad, goreli
somxebi xels ar iRebdnen maT Seviwrovebaze. 1782 w. ianvarSi
devnam iseTi mkacri xasiaTi miiRo, rom sisxlisRvrac moxda.
kapucinebis eklesias qva dauSines. kaTolikeTa erTi nawili
iZulebuli gaxda gaxiznuliyo. zogi TbilisSi wavida da
mefes moaxsena Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb. mefem kaTolikebis
dasacavad brZaneba gamosca1.
patrebisadmi keTilad iyo ganwyobili dedofali darejani.
man patrebs gorSi aCuqa sasaxlkare adgili, sadac glaxakTa
TavSesafari saxlebi aaSenes2.
amis Semdeg, vidre saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebamde,
cnobebi goris misionze aRar mogvepoveba. XIX s. damdegidan
kaTolike misionerTa roli da mniSvneloba Zirfesvianad Seic-
vala. misionerebi Tavdapirvelad rusul mmarTvelobaze amya-
rebdnen did imedebs. magram mTavarmmarTebelma knoringma
ufros patrs pirdapir ganucxada: àmas iqeT aRar SeiZleba
evropidan misionerebis Semosvlao~3. kapucinTa ordenis patr-
ebma ruseTis qveSevrdomoba ar isurves da amis gamo saqarTve-
lodan gaaasaxles. patrs gori dautovia 1807 wlis axlo
xanebSi4. kapucinebis adgili polonelma patrebma daikaves,
romlebmac qarTuli ar icodnen. aman ki gamoiwvia somexi uni-
torebis gaZliereba5.
marTalia, saqarTveloSi kvlavac modiodnen kaTolikebi da
erTi SexedviT, TiTqos maT saqmianobaSi araferi Seicvala,
magram sinamdvileSi isini wina saukuneebis msgavsad veRar asr-
uldebdnen raime ekonomikur, politikur da kulturul rols.
dasaxelebuli kaTolike berebi gorSi TavianT saqmianobas
mxolod am qalaqiT ar Semofarglavdnen. isini maxlobeli
dasaxlebuli punqtebis xSiri stumrebi iyvnen, raTa kaTo-
likoba gaevrcelebinaT. patrebi, rogorc 1771 wlis erTi weri-

2 iqve, gv. 405.
3 iqve, gv. 493.
1808, S. 328.
5 dobkeviCi i., kaTolikoba saqarTveloSi, ìveria~, 1898, #125.
435
lidan irkveva, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas cxinvalisa da misi
mimdebare soflebis mosaxleobis gakaTolikebas uTmobdnen1.
XVIII s. cxinvalSi 20 komlamde kaTolikeTa ojaxi iyo da
sakuTari samlocveloc hqondaT. maTi moZRvarni goris patrebi
iyvnen. patrebs mTebSic gauqristianebiaT asamde osi, romelTa
didi nawili cxinvalSi gadasaxlebula2. SemdegSi cxinvalis
kaTolikeTa ricxvi Semcirda da sabolood sruliad gaqra3.
*
davasruleT ra kaTolikuri misiebis moRvaweobaze saub-
ari, mokled mainc unda iTqvas winaaRmdegobaTa im mizezebis
Sesaxeb, romelic saukuneTa manZilze Tan axlda am araqar-
Tuli movlenis danergvis cdebs.
rogorc vnaxeT, wyaroebi misionerTa saqmianobaze sakmaod
uxvadaa. magram isini gviCveneben maTi moRvaweobis mxolod erT
mxares _ religiurs. werilobiTma Zeglebma (isini ZiriTadad
TviT misionerebis mier aris Sedgenili), marTalia Zunwad,
magram mainc Semogvinaxa zogierTi cnoba maTi saqmianobis im
mxareTa Sesaxeb, rac met-naklebad, TiTqmis yovelTvis
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis winaaRmdegobas iwvevda. kaToliko-
bis winaaRmdeg adgilobrivi somxuri eklesiis brZolas is
aadvilebda, rom misionerebi sistematurad importuli saqo-
nliT vaWrobdnen, eweodnen xelosnobas, gansakuTrebiT mxatv-
ruli xelosnobis dargSi. misionerTa komerciuli da saxe-
losno saqmianoba Tbiliseli da goreli somexi vaWar-xelos-
nebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. aseT viTarebaSi somxuri eklesia
advilad axerxebda kaTolikeTa winaaRmdeg mosaxleobis am fe-
nis darazmvas.
* * *
icodnen ra romis peterburgTan molaparakebis Sesaxeb,
misionerebs TavianTi eklesiebisa da sxva nagebobebis dabru-
nebis imedi CaesaxaT. imedi kidev ufro gauZlierdaT mefe
giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, romelic cnobili iyo

2 WiWinaZe z., patri nikola rogorc eqimi, gv. 10.
3 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikeTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, gv. 73.
436
Tavisi antikaTolikuri ganwyobilebiT. 1800 wlis 14 Tebervals
ufrosma patrma franCeske paduelma goridan romSi gagzavna
werili, romelSic qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi momxdar politi-
kur siaxleebTan erTad aRniSnuli iyo: `xma gavrcelda, rom
ruseTi Seiqmna patroni qarTl-kaxeTis samefosi... es kai droa,
rom scadoT, iqmneba ruseTis saSualebiT davibrunoT Cveni
ekklesiebi da saxlebi tfilissa da gorSi... Torem iZulebuli
varT gTxovoT, sxva Cvens mosacem Semweobas miumatoT wliurad
asi piastri, romelsac vixdiT Cvens sadgom saxlsa da ekle-
siaSi~1.
imave droiT daTariRebuli meore werilidan irkveva, rom
romis papis warmomadgenelma ruseTis mTavrobas gadasca nota,
romelSic iyo moTxovna saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi kaTolikebi-
saTvis im saeklesio qonebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac
odesRac isini flobdnen. romis papis moTxovnis sapasuxod
imperatorma brZana, rom kurakins knoringisaTvis daevalebina
gamoeZia Tu ra mizeziT da ra viTarebaSi CamoarTves maT ekle-
siebi, daedgina kaTolikebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi da maTT-
visi qoneba daebrunebinaT2.
gairkva, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo ori kaTo-
likuri eklesia _ erTi TbilisSi, erTi gorSi, romlebic
adre, 1735 wels, kaTolikebis kuTvnil miwaze auSenebiaT
patrebs _ nikolozsa da pereslans (?). imave moxsenebaSi naT-
qvami iyo, agreTve, rom `patrebis gamoangariSebiT saqarTve-
loSi 500 kaTolike iyo _ 300 TbilisSi, 200 gorSi3.
1802 wlis 5 ivliss romSi gagzavnil weriliT ufrosi patri
iTxovda evropaSi mokrefili mowyalebidan imdeni fuli gaegza-
vnaT, rom Tbilissa da gorSi axali eklesiebi aeSenebinaT4.
mTavarmmarTebelma pavle cicianovma (ciciSvili) mniSvne-
lovani cnobebi Seagrova da qarTuli marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis ierarqebsac esaubra. ierarqebma TavianTi mosazrebani
imperators werilobiT acnobes. `...v(iTarme)d uTxovies laTi-
nTa tfilissa da gorsa S(in)a ekklesiani, inebos yovlad mow-
2 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археологичекою коммиссиею, I, c. 550, №690.
3
Тамже, с. 550-551, №691.
437
yaleman Ãelmwifeman Cvenman ara boZebad maTda igini, Ânadgan
miuRo igini cxebulman mefeman Teimuraz da mefeman irakli
Tana krebiT, didisa bralisa da SecodebisaTÂs sazogadoobisa,
ganidevnnes laTinni da mieRoT ekklesiani, romelica ese
patiJi mcire iyo maTisa yovladisa braleulebisa da mier
dRiTgan iqmnnes ekklesiad marTlmamdidebelTa, inebos y(ov-
la)d mowyaleman Ãelmwifeman Cvenman, arRara ukunqcevad maTda,
romelTa Soris mravalni samRudeloni da saeroni keTil-
Sobilni kniazni marxian, romelica hSobs Cven Soris didsa
mwuxarebasa da urvasa yovlisadmi sazogadoobasa. welsa 1802,
aprils 29, tfiliss~. werils xels awers 12 mRvdelmTavari1
pavle cicianovma imperator aleqsandre I-s sakmaod vrce-
li werili miswera, romelSic Tavis mxrivac asabuTebda, rom
SeuZlebeli iyo kaTolikebis eklesiebi, romlebic ukve didi
xania marTlmadideblebs ekuTvnodaT, daubrunedeT adrindel
mflobelebs2.
p. cicianovis mier CartoriskisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi
(1804 wlis 29 maisi, #294) aRniSnulia, rom man Tavis gankargu-
lebaSi arsebuli gansakuTrebuli xarjebisaTvis gankuTvnili
asi aTasi rublidan 6 aTasi kaTolიkuri samRvdeloebis pri-
ors franCesko antonios gadasca TbilisSi kaTolიkuri ekle-
siis asaSeneblad3. amave dokumentze dayrdnobiT q. pavliaSvi-
li amtkicebs, rom `... saimperio xelisufleba evropis suveren-
tTa Tvalis axvevis mizniT erTgvar Semweobasac ki uwevda
(misionerebs _ e.m.). aRniSnulis dasturi 1806 wels kapucini
misionerebisaTvis gorsa da TbilisSi CamorTmeuli eklesiebis
dabruneba ruseTis mTavrobis mier, risTvisac maT xelisu-
1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, f. 1448. saqme 9200. citirebul

dokumenti pirvelad da srulad gamoaqveyna: SaorSaZe m., XIX sau-
kunis dasawyisis qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis dasacavad. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universiteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti,
saqarTvelos istoriis instituti, Sromebi, 5, Tb., 2012, gv. 208-220.
2 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археологичекою коммиссиею, II, Тифлис, 1868,
c. 280-281, №549.
3
Тамже, II, c. 282, #552.
438
flebam 6.000 aTasi man. gamouyo~1. moyvanil citataSi aris
ramdenime uzustoba: 1. ruseTis xelisuflebas laTinuri aRmsa-
reblobis kaTolikebisaTvis ar CamourTmevia eklesia. rogorc
Tavis adgilas aRiniSna, kaTolikebs eklesia CamoarTva mefe
erekle II-m; 2. kaTolikebs ruseTis xelisuflebam ar daubruna
eklesiebi; 3. ruseTis mTavrobam p. cicianovis saxiT, dasaxele-
buli Tanxa mxolod Tbilisel kaTolikebs gamouyo.
mSenebloba TbilisSi daiwyes 25 maiss. cicianovma amis
Sesaxeb imperatorsac acnoba.
samwuxarod mxolod fragmentulia cnobebi gorSi kaToli-
kuri eklesiis mSeneblobis dawyebis, misi dafinansebisa da
mSeneblobis msvlelobis Sesaxeb.
gorSi kaTolikeTa eklesiis mSenebloba dauwyiaT, savara-
udod, XIX s. 10-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi. eklesiis asa-
Senebeli adgili masze arsebuli saxlebiT patri damianes 6
Tumnad (vercxliT) uyidia iakof faremuzis Svilisagan. vidre
miwis nakveTs gayidda iakofi iq cxovrobda. miWirs imis Tqma
ratom gaformda gayiduli miwisa da saxlebis nasyidobis
xelSekruleba ase gvian, 1841 wlis 27 ianvars. nasyidobis sabu-
Ti daamowmes andria zubalovma da ioseb saakovma. SeiZleba
vivaraudoT, rom kaTolikuri eklesiis Senebis iniciatorebi
TandaTanobiT uxdidnen vals iakob faremuzas Svils da aRniS-
nul wels rodesac srulad miiRo Tanxa miwis gamyidvelma,
maSin gaaformes nasyidobis xelSekruleba: `Cyma-s welsa
ianvris kz-s dResa, ese werili mogeci me qvemo amisma xelis
momwerelma iakofma faremuzis Svilma Sen goris kaTolike
eklessis ufros patri damianes amisaTvis, rom romelTaca
eklesiis alagze saxlebi mqonda aRSenebuli da Sig videqi. me
im Cemi saxlebis Senobis masala, Cemi keTilis nebiT Sen mogyi-
de srulobiT da alagi da-uteve isev eklesiasa, da miviRe
Sengan fasi srulobiT eqvsi Tumani vercxlis fuli rom Senze
aRar aris ra darCenili amisTvis Cems sakuTar xels vawer _ me
iakob faremuzovi. am werilis mowmobas vawer iakofa
1 pavliaSvili q., fragmentebi goris kaTolikuri eklesiis isto-

riidan (XV-XIX ss.), gv. 87.
439
faremuzis Svilis TxovniTa andria zubalovi. am werilis
mowame var iakob faremuzovis TxovniT me ioseb saakovi~1.
mSenebloba rom ufulobis gamo Wianurdeboda, amas aRniS-
navda ruseTis armiis yofili polkovniki, warmoSobiT belgi-
eli rotie. misgan imasac vigebT, rom gorSi eklesiisa da
monastris aSenebis iniciatori da xelmZRvanelic iyo ufrosi
patris TanaSemwe, patri onofrio, romelic Tbileladac
moixsenieboda. roties mixedviT, onofrio `qarTvelia Camomav-
lobiT da ekuTvnis polonelTa erT monasters. is mo-nazoni
Zlier gamoadga misions~2.
vin da ra saSualebebiT aSenebdnen taZars, amis Sesaxeb
gvaqvs patri filipe foranelis 1817 wlis 10 oqtombris weri-
li, romelSic avtori ambobs: `Cemis Semweobis micemiT, iqauri
kaTolikebis daxmarebiT da egreTve qarTveli batonebis Sewev-
niT, romlebic Cveni kargi mokeTeni arian, mSvenieri eklesia
Sendeba, kidevac naxevrad dasrulda. monasteric aqaur tfi-
lisis saxlis planzes aris; kidec daxures da axla patri
mario sdgas Sig Tavisi amxanagiT da mosamsaxurebiT~3.
zemoxsenebuli ufrosi patri filipe foranoels ekuTvnis,
savaraudod, 1814 wels romSi propagandisaTvis gagzavnili
werili, romelSic, sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnulia: `gorSi arian patri
mario kolonieli da dominikiani patri onofrio tfileli. iq 30
mosaxle kaTolikea. ekklesiis magierad aqvsT kargad mowyobili
saxli, romelzedac mikrulia ramdenime oTaxi, sadac
dRevandlamde patrebi scxovroben. axla patri mariam da patri
onofriom TiTqmis daasrules axali saxli da axali ekklesiis
kedlebic miwas amoaciles erTi kacis simaRleze. me ar minaxavs
magram bevri aqebs rogorc saxls ise ekklesiis garegnobas. gor-
Sic aris erTi da igive Zmoba, romelic bevrs Seewia ekklesiis
aSenebas, da am ZmobasaviT ravdenime duqani aqvs~4.

gansxvavebuli versia kaTolikebis mier eklesiis asaSenebeli ad-g-
ilis mopovebis da masTan dakavSirebuli davis Sesaxeb ix.
pavliaSvili q., fragmentebi goris kaTolikuri eklesiis istori-
idan (XV-XIX ss.), gv. 88-90.
2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 508
3 iqve.
440
Zmobis gamorCeuli wevri iyo ioseb zubalovi (zubala-
Svili). `goris mSvenieri (kaTolikuri _ e.m.) eklesia maTis xar-
jiT aSenebuli da Semkuliao~. werda ukanaskneli evropeli
patri damiane viarejioeli 1843 wels1.
wminda ojaxis saxelobis goris kaTolikuri eklesia, amJamindeli

marTlmadidebluri RvTismSoblis Sobis eklesia
1 iqve, gv. 520.
441
rodesac eklesia gadaxures da CaTvales, rom igi ZiriTa-
dad damTavrebuli iyo, 1822 wlis seqtemberSi akurTxes da
wirva-locvis Sesruleba daiwyes. eklesiis mSenebloba daas-
rula patrma mariusma, romelic gorSi gardaicvala 1823 w. 79
wlis asakSi da dakrZales mis mier aSenebuli sakurTxevlis
win1. 1930-ian wlebSi eklesiis iatakis Secvlis Sedegad saf-
lavis kvali moiSala.
rogorc ufrosi patri filipe 1830 wels werda, ès ek-
klesia, rodesac ki mTlad dasruldeba, metad mSvenieri ram
iqneba... goris monasteric axali aSenebulia, aqvs erTi baRi da
ori duqani, romelsac weliwadSi 20 maneTi Semoaqvs~2.
m. TamaraSvilma kapucinebis arqivSi miakvlia goris kaTo-
likur eklesiis Semosavlebis mokle nusxas, romelic Seicavs
1788-1836 wlebis cnobebs goris kaTolikuri eklesiis qonebasa
da mevaxSeobis Sesaxeb3.
1845 wlis ianvarSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos patrebs (dami-
ane, filipe, qerubine da emidio) gorSi mouyares Tavi, Semdeg
quTaisSi Caiyvanes da yvela erTad gaasaxles trapizonSi. ase
dasrulda kapucinebis da, saerTod, evropeli kaTolike misio-
nerebis moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi.
zubalaSvilebis mier periodulad goris kaTolikuri
eklesisaTvis gacemuli Sesawiravebi sakmarisi ar iyo. maga-
liTad, 1901 wels rodesac cnobili mrewveli konstantine zu-
balaSvili gardaicvala, misma Svilebma mSoblebis sulis
mosaxseneblad saqarTveloSi arsebul kaTolikul eklesiebs
sam-sami aTasi maneTi Seswres4. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom amave
wlis 5 dekembers patr gabriel aslaniSvilisa da stefane
zubalaSvilis daxmarebiT gorSi qarTveli kaTolikeni gad-
moasaxles adigenis raionis sof. udedan5.

3 ix. iqve, gv. 516-518.
4 feiqriSvili J., zubalaSvilebi erovnuli mrewvelobisa da mece-
natobis saTaveebTan, Tb., 2011, gv. 99.
5 ìveria~, 1901, 11 dekemberi, #268, gv. 9.
442
`saxalxo furceli~ 1914 wels `savalalo
aRniSnavda:
sanaxaobas warmoadgenda qarTvel kaTolikeTa eklesia. gaZar-
culi iyo Signidan, garedan, Raribulad mowyobili, xolo
mRvdlis sacxovrebeli bina, egreTwodebuli monasteri ise
dangreul-gaRatakebuli, rom Cvens sofelSic versad hnaxavdiT
mRvdlis binas amaze uaress. magram ramdenime piris da TviT
mrevlis mecadineobiT cnobilma Zmebma zubalaSvilebma Tavs
idves am eklesiis gamSveniereba sakuTar xarjiT da saqmesac
Seudgnen 1913 wlis gazafxulze. rogorc TviT zubalaSvilebis
survili iyo, xarji ar unda daenanaT, oRond eklesia gaemSve-
nierebinaT, rogorc ki SeiZleboda...~1 aseTi Zalisxmevis Sede-
gad `goris eklesia gamovida iseT mdidar eklesiad, rom Tbi-
liss kidec SeSurdeba gorisa~2.
1920 wlis miwisZvrisgan eklesia Zalze dazianda, `TaRebi Se-
inZra. marjvena kedeli gadaiwia da gumbeTi gareSemo daskda~.
`1924 wels, Tebervals, daiwyo miwisZvrisgan dazaralebuli
goris kaTolike eklesiis SekeTeba. SekeTeba moxda wyalobiT.
`1) goris adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa, romelic im Tu-
obiT gviSevebda eklesiaSi Tu rom SevakeTebdiT mas.
2) Tbilisis kaTolike episkopozisa... romelmac didi daxma-
reba gagviwia fuliT romis saxeliT.
3) kavkasiis kaTolikebisa romelTac agreTve Semowirulo-
biT dagvexmarnen.
4) goris kaTolikebisa romelnic usasyidlod muSaobdnen.
SekeTeba dajda sul: 1500 maneTi Cervoneci.
p. k. safaraSvili~2.
gorSi kaTolikuri eklesia funqcionirebda 1937 wlamde,
Semdeg ki daxures da Senobas jer sawyobad iyenebdnen, Semdeg
sportul darbazad. 80-iani wlebis bolos eklesia marTl-
madidebeli qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi gadavida3.
1 saxalxo furceli, 1914, 13 dekemberi, #162, gv. 3. damowmebulia: feiq-

riSvili J., zubalaSvilebi erovnuli mrewvelobisa da mecenato-
bis saTaveebTan, gv. 257.
2 iqve.
2
eklesiis mrevlis gardacvalebis wigni (goris kaTolikeTa ekle-
siis), gsiem, 4623, gv. 1.
3
am faqtma kaTolike morwmuneTa ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, rac dRemde
grZeldeba. ix. papuaSvili n., simarTlisa da samarTlisaTvis.
goris kaTolikur eklesiaze, Tb., 2013.
443
goris kaTolikuri eklesiis
istoriis qronologia
gorSi kaTolkuri eklesiis arsebobaze SeiZleba vilapara-

koT yovelTvis, rodesac am aRmsareblobis adamianebi am qala-
qSi imyofebian, miuxedavad imisa flobdnen isini Tu ara
specialur nagebobas _ eklesias. Tu maT aseTi nageboba ar
gaaCndaT isini TavianT religiur rituals asrulebdnen sac-
xovrebel saxlSi. ase, rom goris kaTolikuri eklesiis
Sesaxeb arsebul XVII-XIX saukuneTa cnobebs Tavi rom erTad
moვuyaroT, miviRebT Semdeg suraTs:
1. 1628 wels Teimuraz I-ma avgustinel misionerebs gamouyo
miwis nakveTi, sadac `TavianTTvis imodena saxli aaSenes, rom
Sig moxerxebulad cxovreba SesZlebodaT. aseve aages moci-
qulTa Tavadisadmi miZRvnili eklesiac~1.
2. 1628 w. gorSi movidnen Teatineli misionerebi2. 1631 wels
mefis mier naboZebi eklesiis SekeTeba daasrules gorSi da
wminda petres saxeli uwodes3. mefem da patriarqma neba misces
maT eklesia aegoT da wirvisa da qadagebis sruli Tavi-
sufleba mianiWes4. es taZari daingra 1634 wels antikaTo-
likuri gamosvlis dros5.
3. patr karlos mier 1668 w. 28 noembers romSi wაrdgenili
moxsenebidan Cans, rom didi xnis ganmavlobaSi gorSi arc
patrebi iyvnen da arc kaTolikuri eklesia arsebobda6.
4. 1662 wlidan kapucinebi gorSi imyofebodnen, magram ar
Cans maTi eklesia. isini 1671 wels cdilobdnen avgustinele-
1 don qristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb, gv. 60.
2 vrclad: TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,
gv. 88-100.
3 iqve, gv. 116.
88.
6 xec, m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi, #1074, f. 38-42. mcireodeni gans-
xvavebiT ix. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa So-
ris, gv. 234-235.
444
bisa da Teatinelebis qonebis dabrunebas. ukve aqvT eklesia
1672 wels1.
5. 1686 w. werilidan Cans, rom gorSi patrebi kvlav ar
iyvnen, magram am qalaqSi dabrunebis imeds ar hkargavdnen. 1689
wels isini propaganda fides Txovdnen 64 piastrs, raTa
somxebis xelidan gamoexsnaT da aRedginaT monasteri. eklesiis
aRdgena misionerebma mokle xanSi SeZles.
6. 1691 wlis werilidan vigebT, rom kapucinebs gorSi
saxlic daukargavT. isic somex mRvdlebs miuTvisebiaT2.
7. kapucinTa prioris mier 1697 w. 8 ivliss kongregaciaSi
wardgenili moxsenebidan vigebT, omis Sedegad gorSi kapu-
cinelTa dangreuli eklesiisa da monasteris aRdgenis auci-
leblobaze, rac ganaxorcieles kidec.
8. mefis brZanebiT, 1755 w. goris kaTolikeTa eklesia da
saxli morwmuneebs CamoerTva da mTavarepiskopos kiriles ga-
daeca3.
9. mefis brZanebiT, 1767 w. kapucinebs misces saxli, rome-
lSic trapezi aRmarTes da eklesiis magier iyenebdnen4.
10. saeWvoa `cnobis furcelis~ informacia, TiTqos Camor-
Tmeuli eklesiis magier, 1793 wels mefem misionerebs eklesiis
asaSenebeli adgili uboZa da male mSeneblobac daiwyo5. XIX s.
pirveli aTwledis dokumentebidan Cans, rom kaTolikebs gorSi
eklesia ar hqondaT da RvTismsaxurebas kerZo saxlSi asru-
lebdnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom kaTolikebis CamorTmeuli ekle-
siis dabrunebis sakiTxis garkveviT dainteresebuli iyo romi,
vena da peterburgi, eklesia mainc marTlmadideblebs darCaT.
11. 1810-iani wlebis dasawyisSi daiwyes eklesiis mSenebloba,
akurTxes 1822 wlis seqtemberSi.
12. eklesia sakmaod dazianda 1920 wlis miwisZvris Sedegad.

676.
2 iqve gv. 285.
3 SaorSaZe m., kaTolikos-patriarqi kirile II (ciciSvili) da misi
moRvaweoba. istoriul-eTnologiuri Zebani, XII, Tb., 2010.
445
13. 1923 wlis 4 aprils eklesia daxura sabWoTa xelisu-
flebam.
14. 1924 w. 13 aprils eklesia isev gaixsna `da pirvlad
iwira wirva bzoba dRes didZali xalxis TandaswrebiT~1
15. 1924 wlis 19 Tebervals kaTolikeTa sazogadoebas daub-
runes eklesia da CamorTmeuli saeklesio nivTebi.
16. 1924 wlis TebervalSi daiwyo miwisZvrisgan dazarale-
buli goris kaTolike ekklesiis SekeTeba.
17. 1937 w. eklesia isev daixura. igi am mdgomarobaSi iyo 80-
iani wlebis dasasrulamde, vidre marTlmadidebeli qarTuli
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi gadavidoda.
18. dReisaTvis kaTolikuri mrevli RvTismsaxurebas kerZo
saxlSi aRasrulebs.
1
eklesiis mrevlis gardacvalebis wigni (goris kaTolikeTa ekle-
siis), gsiem, 4623, gv. 1.
446
oqonis xatebi da garsevaniSvilebis
gvari goris sasuliero da kulturul cxovrebaSi
mkvlevrebi didi xania dainteresdnen goris oqonis xa-

tebis da misi eklesiis istoriis SeswavliT. gansakuTrebiT ga-
cxovelda interesi XIX saukunis meore naxevarsa da XX sau-
kunis pirvel naxevarSi. cnobilia mravali mkvlevris mtkice-
buleba, mosazreba da varaudi (m. brose, d. baqrZe, al. gar-
sevaniSvili, m. janaSvili, g. saZagelov-iverieli)1, magram jer
kidev ar SegviZlia dabejiTebiT vTqvaT: romeli iyo oqonis
taZris is oqonis xatebi, romlebic bagrat IV-is meuRlem,
dedofalma elenem mziTevSi moitana saqarTveloSi? ratom iyo
isini cnobili am saxelwodebiT? ra iyo maTze gamosaxuli?
ratom esvena es xatebi RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesiaSi? ra-
tom iyo RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesia oqonas saxelobisa?
rogori iyo eklesiis interieri?... SeiZleba usasruloT gavag-
rZeloT is kiTxvebi, romlebic mkvlevars gauCndeba am sain-
tereso sakiTxze muSaobisas.
XX-XXI saukuneTa mijnaze marTlmadidebeli gorelebis
gamorCeviT saTayvanebelma oqonis xatma da garsevaniSvilebis
gvaris calkeulma warmomadgenlebma kvlav miipyres mkvlevre-
bis yuradReba da mniSvnelovani samecniero statiebi da monog-
1
Муравьев А. Н., Грузия и Армения, ч. III, СПб., 1848, с. 93-94; Brosset M., Rap-
ports sur un vouage archeologique dans la Georgie et dans l’Armenie, exsecute en
1847-1848. SPB, 1851, VI. p. 49-52; Бакрадзе Д., Кавказ в древных памятниках
христянства, т. I, Тифл., 1875, с. 118; Садзагелов-Ивериели Г., Исторический
очерк Оконской чудотворной иконы Божией Матери, находящейся в Горийской
Оконской Богородиной Церкви // Пастир, 15. 07. 1890 г., № 12-13, с. 20-22.
Джанашвили М., Гори и его окрестности // Сборник материалов для описания
местностей и племен Кавказа, Тифл., 1904, вып. 34, с. 167; TayaiSvili eqv.,
oqonis xati // iveria, 1900, #231; Кавказ. Рача. Горийский уезд. Гори.
Осетия. Пшавия, Хевсуретия и Сванетия. Путевые заметки графинии Уваровой,
ч. III, М., 1904, с. 89, 173; garsevaniSvili al., qalaqi gori da sas-
waulT-moqmedi oqonis RvTismSoblis xati // ciskari, 1868, #2;
Jordania T., qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da
mwerlobisa Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T.
Jordanias mier, w. III, (1700wlidan XIX s-is 60-ian wlebamde) /
gamosacemad moamzades givi Jordanam da SoTa xanTaZem, Tb., 1967,
gv. 25-28.
447
rafiebi daiwera1. oqonis xatiT misi saxelobis eklesiiTa da
garsevaniSvilebiT pirvelad davinteresdi goris istoriaze
muSaobisas. magram maSin, garkveuli mizezebis gamo, mTeli
rigi sakiTxebisa damrCa yuradRebis miRma. arc exla maqvs
pretenzia, rom yvela dasmul kiTxvas amomwuravi pasuxi g-
aveci.
gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom garsevaniSvilebis
sagvareulo nusxa da misTvis dawerili `sxolioni~ Seicavs
mokle, magram Zvirfas cnobebs q. goris, oqonis xatisa da
eklesiis, zogadad ki, qarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis.
maTi mniSvnelovani nawili ucnobia qarTuli istoriografiis-
aTvis.
1 bolo xanebSi goris oqonis eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT gamoqveynda

sxvadadsxva mkvlevaris saintereso naSromi, romlebic statiebis
saxiT Sevida krebulSi, romlis saerTo saxelwodebaa _ oqona.
sergi makalaTias saxelobis goris istoriul-eTnografiuli mu-
zeumis samecniero sesiebis masalebi, gori, 2012. masSi Sesulia:
gogolaZe T., belenko-goderZiSvili n., oqonis xatisa da jvarcmis
istoriisaTvis (werili I), gv. 32-50; belenko-goderZiSvili n.,
samuzeumo eqspediciis saeklesio monapovari, gv. 51-56; alimbara-
Svili i., goris oqonis RvTismSoblis eklesia da masSi daculi
siwmindeebi, 57-82; gogolaZe T., oqonis xatisa da jvarcmis isto-
riisaTvis (werili II), gv. 83-92; gogolaZe T., cnobebi berZnebsa da
oqonis xatze garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo gragnilSi, gv. 93-98;
mesxi T., òqonas~ etimologiisa da oqonis xatis raobisaTvis, gv.
99-119; gogolaZe T., sosaniZe T., cnobebi oqonis xatsa da taZarze
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo gragnilisa da aleqsandre
garsevaniSvilis erTi werilis mixedviT, gv. 120-124; bakuraZe T.,
oqonis samnawiliani xatis restavracia da vizualuri kvleva, gv.
125-130; xuskivaZe l., bizantiuri spilos Zvlis triptiqoni saqarT-
velodan, gv. 132-137; monografiebi: alimbaraSvili i., oqonis
xat[eb]isa da taZr[eb]is istoriidan, Tb., 2012, gv. 3-150; mesxi T.,
oqonis xatis raobisa da istoriisaTvis, Tb., 2015, gv. 3-170.
448
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxis `sxolioni~
rogorc istoriuli wyaro
goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi da-

culia saintereso dokumenti _ garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo
nusxa, romelSic mocemulia goris am Rvawlmosili gvaris,
oqonis sakaTedro taZris winamZRvrebis da, zogadad, am gvaris
mamakacebis Sesaxeb uaRresad lakonuri cnobebi, kerZod vin
visi STamomavali iyo.
nusxa warmoadgens erTmaneTze gadabmuli (miwebebuli) di-
di formatis aTi kefisagan Semdgar gragnils (3,25X0,43sm). igi
dawerilia Savi melniT da erTi xeliT1. ar Cans rodis aris
dawyebuli am sakmaod rTuli dokumentis Sedgena. mis Tavsa da
boloSi aRniSnulia, rom igi daiwera 1862 wels da miTiTe-
bulia misi Semqmnelis saxeli da gvari (`qmnili... ivnisisa
orsa CyÁb welsa. avtori, aznauri aleqsandre svimonis Ze gar-
sevanovi~). aleqsandrem da misma xelmZRvanelma, biZam iese gar-
sevaniSvilma nusxa erToblivad miiyvanes1862 wlamde 2. `sxoli-
onTa~ dasasruls, kidev erTxel mxolod boloSi imave xeliT,
magram gansxvavebuli lurji melniT, iq sadac sruldeba
1 gragnili muzeums gadasca anastasia garsevaniSvilis vaJma, ivane

robaqiZem 1937 wels.
goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi, rogorc misi direqto-
ri sergo nadimaSvili 1962 werda, garsevaniSvilebis ojaxidan
daculia: sigel-gujari _ 127, xelnaweri wigni 62, eTnografiuli
xasiaTis nivTi 250-ze meti, garsevaniSvilebis gvaris moRvaweTa pi-
radi da saojaxo arqivi 2500-mde sabuTiT, romelTac udidesi mniS-
vneloba aqvT literaturis, xelovnebis, Sida qarTlisa da,
saerTod saqarTvelos istoriis zogierTi sakiTxis gaSuqebisa და
istoriisaTvis. ix. s. nadimaSilis moxsenebiTi baraTi, gv. 3. s.
nadimaSilis moxsenebiTi baraTis asli gadmomca goris istoriul-
eTnografiuli muzeumi TanamSromelma natalia belenko-
goderZiSvilma risTvisac did madlobas movaxseneb.
2 1862 weli ar aris nusxis Sedgenis dasawyisi, rogorc fiqrobs
prof. Tamar gogolaZe. ix. misi, cnobebi berZnebsa da oqonis xatze

garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo gragnilSi // oqona. sergi maka-
laTias saxelobis goris istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis
samecniero sesiebis masalebi, gori, 2012, gv. 93.
449
Txroba nusxis avtoris, aleqsandres Sesaxeb, kidev erTxel
miwerilia igive TariRi, romelic Cemi varaudiT aleqsandres
ar unda ekuTvnodes. is gadamwerma gaakeTa, romelmac amiT
aRniSna sadamde iyo aleqsandres da ieses erToblivi naxelavi.
es aris nusxis Sedgenis Tavdapirveli TariRi da ara misi
mTlianad dasrulebisa. savaraudoa, nusxis `dasrulebis~ we-
lis aRniSvna ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom aleqsandre garseva-
niSvils surda xazi gaesva Tavisi biZis, iese garsevaniSvilis
gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebisaTvis, romelic xelmZRvanelobda
am rTuli samuSaos. da is, rac al. garsevaniSvilma SemdegSi
nusxas Semata, adre Seqmnili da gviandelic, am TariRis (1862
w.) qveS moaqcia jer TviTon da misi gardacvalebis Semdeg ki
gragnilis sabolood gadamwerma.
genialogiis nusxis Sevsebas aleqsandre agrZelebda garda-
cvalebamde. mis Semdegac, XX s. 30-ani wlebis dasasrulamde,
rogorc Cans iyo an iyvnen dainteresebuli adamianebi, romle-
bic cdilobdnen nusxis Sevsebas. is vinc nusxaSi ukanasknelia,
aris cnobili pedagogi da moRvawe, nusxis avtoris aleqsandre
svimonis Zis Svili aleqsandre aleqsandres Ze. aleqsandre
svimonis Zes aleqsandremde sxva sami vaJic hyavda (nikolozi,
vasili da mixeili), `Cvili gardacvalebulni~. aleqsandres
Sesaxeb nusxaSi gakeTebulia Semdegi minaweri: àman sadide-
blad RvTisa da Cvenis gvarisa, pirvelma daasrula umaRlesi
saswavlebeli _ moskovis universiteti~. iqve aRniSnulia misi
dabadebis weli _ CyÁd (1864 w.). aleqsandre svimonis Ze
gardaicvala 1913 wels, aleqsandre aleqsandres Ze ki _ 1936 w.
eukanaskneli weli nusxaSi Camatebulia Savi fanqriT1.
nusxaSi aRricxulia 176 garsevaniSvili. aqedan pirveli 66
nestor medroSemde (†1211) fanqriT faqizad, mcire, Zlivs
SesamCnevi arabuli cifrebiTaa danomrili, danarCeni 110 ki
daunomravia.
rogorv Cans, garsevaniSvilebs TavianTi sagvareulo nusxa
periodilad sxvadasxva mizniT sWirdebodaT, gansakuTrebiT ki,
axali periodis monakveTi, romelic sakmaod gansxvavdeboda
1 aleqsandre aleqsandres Ze garsevaniSvilis Sesaxeb ix. varlamiS-

vili iv., mudam Tanamedrove (pedagogi da literaturis mkvlevari
aleqsandre garsevaniშvili), quTaisi, 1991, gv. 11-47.
450
misi saboloo variantisgan. arsebobs 1865 wlis 31 maiss goris
samazro sasamarTlos mier damtkicebuli `garsevaniSvilebis
sqima~, romelzec `namdvilad xeli uweriaT aznaurT ioane
dimitris Zes da Teodosi dimitris Zes garsevanovTa~1. sqima
dawerilia iese garsevaniSvilis gardacvalebamde ramdenime
TviT adre. amas gviCvenebs is, rom masSi iese isev cocxali
Cans. danamdvilebiT cnobilia, rom is gardaicvala 1864 wlis
23 noembers. dokumentSi ar aris aRniSnuli sasamarTlom ra-
tom daamtkica sqima.
aRiniSna, rom 1865 wels damtkicebul dokumentSi mxolod
sqimis bolo monakveTia mocemuli. igi iwyeba im markoziT, ro-
melic mefe svimon II-is (1613-1631) dekanozi iyo. masSi Seyva-
nilia mxolod 27 pirovneba, maTgan bolo Svidi cocxalia _
nikolozi, iosebi, solomoni, svimoni, dimitri, giorgi da
sozoni2. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom imave dokumentis saboloo
variantis aRniSnul monakveTSi 44 garsevaniSvilia.
sqimis igive monakveTis asli, romelsac, rogorc ukve iTqva
qarTulad awerdnen xels ioane dimitris Ze da Teodosi dimi-
tris Ze garsevaniSvilebi da mis siswores adasturebda asla-
mazovi, rusulad uTargmnia al. garsevaniSvils. am ukanasknels
aslis namdvilobis dadastureba Wirdeboda xelmZRvanelobas-
Tan warsadgenad, magram ar aris aRniSnuli, konkretulad sad,
visTan an ratom. aslis siswore damtkicebulia 1879 wlis 6
seqtembers3. dainteresebuli mkiTxveli Tu erTmaneTs Seada-
rebs sqimis srul variants da zemoT ganxilul mis monakveTs,
darwmundeba, rom igi aleqsandres svimonis Zis gardacvalebis
Semdeg ivseboda da ixveweboda am gvaris sxva warmomadgenlis/
warmomadgenlebis mier.
gvian, aleqsandres gardacvalebis Semdeg, fanqriT Caamates
7 garsevaniSvili, maT Soris ori qali _ qeTino (†1919 w.) da
elisabedi (†1921 w.). am gvaris sxva qalebi nusxaSi ar arian.
1 `gvarSTamoebis sqima, goris uezdis aznaurT garsevanovTa #256, 31

Мая 1865 года~. dokumenti Sedgenilia rusulad. gsiem, #7602/593.
2 iqve.
3 `garsevaniSvilTa sagvareulo Stos gvarSTamoebis piris piri,
#174~. rusulad Targmnili al. al. garsevaniSvilis mier. gsiem,
#7602/436.
451
mTlianad, fanqriT Tu melniT naweri da isic, rac ale-
qsandres gardacvalebis Semdegaa nusxaSi Camatebuli, Sesru-
lebulia erTi xeliT, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom nusxa gada-
werilia da Sevsebuli ucnobi kaligrafis mier. igi
rom sxva xels ekuTvnis amaSi gvarwmunebs is xelnawerebi, rom-
lebic ueWvelia, rom aleqsandres mier aris Sesrulebuli.
friad sainteresoa nusxisaTvis darTuli `sxolioni~ _
SeniSvnebi, sul 11, avtoris danomvriT ki 10. pirveli da meore
SeniSvna aRniSnulia erTi da igive asoricxviT _ à~.
mkiTxvelis yuradRebas SevaCereb, Cemi azriT, gansakuT-
rebiT saintereso im faqtebsa da pirovnebebze, romlebic na-
klebadaa cnobili.
oqonis xatebis saqarTveloSi

gadmosvenebis wina pirobebi
1023 wels saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris dadebuli za-

vis mZime pirobebis Tanaxmad, giorgi II-m sami wlis ufliswuli
bagrati mZevlad gagzavna konstantinopolSi, sadac man mxo-
lod ori weli dahyo, radgan imperatorma basilma faqtiurad
miiRo yvelaferi rasac is saqarTvelos xelisuflebisgan moi-
Txovda1. basilis gardacvalebis Semdeg or saxelmwifos So-
ris urTierToba kvlav daiZaba: gairkva, rom axali impera-
toris, konstantine VIII-is winaaRmdeg mowyobil SeTqmulebaSi
giorgi mefe iseve monawileobda, rogorc basilis dros.
imperators bagratis konstantinოpolSi dabruneba surda, mag-
ram mizans ver miaRwia2. amasobaSi giorgi mefe gardaicvala da
taxti axalgazrda bagrat IV-m daikava (1027-1072).
bizantiis xelisuflebam saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleTSi
fexis mtkiced mokideba gadawyvita da daiwyo xelaxali ag-
resia, magram seriozul warmatebas ver miaRwia. rodesac kons-
tantine gardaicvala. axalma imperatorma romanozma, xedavda
1 zavis pirobebis Sesaxeb ix. qarTlis cxovreba. I. teqsti dadgenili

yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, I, Tb.,
1955, gv. 288-289.
2 iqve, gv. 292.
452
ra saqarTvelosTan omis warmoebis sirTules, yuradReba ede-
sisa da siciliisaken gadaitana. Seiqmna bizantiasTan urTie-
rTobis mogvarebis pirobebi. 1031 wels bgrat IV-m didi elCoba
gagzavna konstantinopols Tavisi dedis mariam dedoflis1 me-
TaurobiT.
dedofal mariamis konstantinepolSi elCobis Sesaxeb gva-
qvs qarTuli da bizantiuri wyaroebi. sumbat daviTis Ze gvam-
cnobs, rom bizantiis keisris romanozis gamefebis `Semdgomad
welsa mesamesa sanatrelman dedofalman mariam, dedaman bagrat
mefisaman, Seimosa simxne da axovneba... da warvida konstantine-
poled winaSe romanoz mefisa, vedrebad misa, raTa mSÂdoba
yos... da raTa arRara iyos brZola berZenTa da qarTvelTa... da
raTa miuTxres pativi Zesa TÂssa bagrats mefesa wesisaebr
saxelisa~2. amgvarad, sumbat daviTis Zis Tanaxmad, mariam
dedofali konstantinepols Cavida, romanoz keisarTan piradad
hqonda molaparakeba da warmatebasac miaRwia. bizantieli
istorikosi giorgi kedrene ki gadmogvcems, rom mariami ki ar
ewvia konstantinopols, aramed man elCebi gagzavna da maT
moipoves is warmateba, razec mogviTxrobs sumbat daviTis Ze.
ai ras wეrs kedrene: `...amasobaSi avadmyofobisagan gardaicva-
la afxazeTis mTavari giorgi, xolo misma meuRlem mefesTan
elCebi gamogzavna saCuqrebiT da sTxovda sazavo xelSekru-
lebas da Tavis vaJisaTvis, bagratisaTvis sacole. mefem misi
Txovna Seiwynara, zavi ganumtkica da Tavisi Zmis basilis qa-
liSvili afxazeTSi gagzavna sarZlod, xolo sasiZo bagrati
kuropalatis wodebaSi aRazeva~3.
1 vaxuSti batoniSvilTan _ elene. gasarkvevia, vaxuSti batoniSvili

scodavs Tu uneburi Secdomaa, TiTqos bagrat IV-is dedas elene
erqva. savaraudoa, rom istorikosis Secdomaa. amis Tqmis
safuZvels iZleva misi Txzulebis is adgili, sadac igi bagratis
meuRlis elenes gardacvalebaze gvamcnobs. vaxuSti mkiTxvels
afrTxilebs, rom igi mefis meuRlis gardacvalebaze laparakobs
da ara misi dedis. qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 144.
3 georgika. bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, t. V
/ teqstebi qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da komentarebi daur-
To simon yauxCiშvilma, Tb., 1963, gv. 56. zavis TariRisa da misi
453
sainteresoa, rom qarTveli mematianeebi _ sumbat daviTis
Ze da `matiane qarTlisa~-s avtori mariam dedoflis elCobis
wevrebs ar asaxeleben. mxolod garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo
nusxis à~ komentarSi naTqvamia: àman romanoz keisarman,
TxoviTa dedoflisa mariamisaTa, da SuamdgomlobiTa Rirsisa
mamisa giorgi qarTvelisa mTawmindelisa _ romelic Tana-hyva
mariams konstantinepoles...~ ar Cans romel wyaros emyareba al.
garsevaniSvili, magram Tu movixmobT sxva cnobebs mariam
dedoflisa da giorgi mTawmindelis TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb,
maSin SeiZleba sagvareulo nusxis es cnobac sinamdviled
CaiTvalos.
rogorc vTqvi, giorgi mTawmindeli ara mxolod kon-
stantinopolSi yofila mariam dedofalTan erTad, aramed mas
imdenad didi avtoriteti hqonda saimperatoro karze, rom
SeeZlo Tavisi dedoflisaTvis Suamdgomlobac ki gaewia impe-
ratoris winaSe. es mxolod varaudia, magram is ki danam-
dvilebiT viciT, rom giorgi mTawmindelma sxva dros, mariam
dedoflis davalebiT orjer imogzaura ierusalimSi da
Zvirfasi Sesawiravebi Caitana1. saeklesio da kulturis am di-
di moRvawis mariam dedofalTan TanamSromlobis cnobas mis-
save `cxovrebaSi~ vanaxulobT: mariam dedofals ganuzraxavs
`warsvlaÁ wmidad qalaqad ierusalemad locvad da Tayva-
niscemad wmidaTa maT da ganmacxovelebelTa adgilTa~. antio-
qiis patriarqma da mTavarma, giorgi mTawmindelis TanxmobiT,
pirobebis Sesaxeb ix. javaxiSvili iv., Txzulebani Tormet tomad,

II, Tb., 1983, gv., 139; kopaliani v., saqarTvelosa da bizantiis po-
litikuri urTierToba 970-1070 wlebSi, Tb., 1969, gv. 122-130;
lorTqifaniZe m., saqarTvelos Sidapolitikuri da sagareo vi-
Tareba X s. 80-iani wlebidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde // saqarTvelos
istoriis narkvevebi, III, Tb., 1979, gv. 178; papasqiri z., erTiani
feodaluri saxelmwifos warmoqmna da saqarTvelos sagareo-poli-
tikuri mdgomareobis zogierTi sakiTxi, Tb., 1990; silagaZe b.,
arabTa batonoba saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1991, gv. 210; buaCiZe g., erTi
epizodi saqarTvelosa da bizantiis urTierTobidan iahia antio-
qielis ìstoriaSi~ // qarTuli diplomatia, weliwdeuli, #3, Tb.,
1996.
1 Цагарели А. А., Памятники грузинской старины в св. Земле и на Синае /
Православный Палестинский Сборник, Санкт-Петербург, 1888, с. 43-44.
454
gadawyvites dedofali ar gaeSvaT wminda adgilebSi momlocve-
lobisaTvis, radgan muslimanTa qveyanaze gavla saxifaTo iyo.
maT dedofals ganzraxvaze xeli aaRebines. mariamma giorgis
daavala, rom `safase igi, romeli sagzlad aRekazma, wariRos
igi ierusalemd da glaxakTa mas da davrdomilTa ganuyos
wmidisa qalaqisaTa da monasterTa maT wmidaTa, romelni Sen
arian garemoÁsa misa~1. giorgim `wmidad qalaqad mSvidobiT da
uvneblad miiwia~ da dedoflis davaleba Seasrula. is kvlav
Sav mTaze dabrunda.
moxmobili magaliTebi safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom
SeiZleboda giorgi mTawmindeli, es Wkvian saeklesio moRvawe
(gavixsenoT rogor daicva man qarTuli eklesiis avtonomiuroba
antioqiis patriarqTan paeqrobis dros), SeiZleboda mariam
dedofals gahyoloda konstantinopolSi, rogorc diplomati.
n. berZeniSvilis mixedviT, kaTalikos-patriarqi melqise-
deki (1010-1033) da mariam dedofali erTad awaroebdnen sam-
Svidobo molaparakebas konstantinepolSi2. es mosazreba dam-
yarebulia `qarTlis cxovrebis~ im CanarTze, romelSic aRniS-
nulia: `warvida kaTalikoz-patriaqi melqisedek winaSe roma-
noz berZenTa mefisa kostantinepoled. Seiwynara da mosca
Sesamkobelni eklesiaTani, xatni da juarni, samRvdelmTavro
da samRvdelo samkauli, da warmovida qveyanasa da samwysosave
TÂssa~3. anderZSi (`dawerili melqizedek kaTalikosisa sveti-
cxovlisadmi~. 1029-1031 w.) melqisedeki aRniSnavs, rom mas urTi-
erToba hqonda misi Tanamedrove bizantiis sam imperatorTan:
basil II-sTan (976-1025), konstantine VIII-sTan (1025-1028) da ro-
manoz III-sTan. imperatorma basilma gansakuTrebuli guluxvoba
gamoiCina melqisedekisadmi, rodesac is konstantinopolSi
1 qarTuli mwerloba, II, Tb., 1987, gv. 97.

2 berZeniSvili n., dondua v., dumbaZe m., meliqiSviloi g., mesxia s.,
ratiani p., saqarTvelos istoria, I (uZvelesi droidan XIX sauku-
nis dasasrulamde). damxmare saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 1958, gv. 143;
lorTqifaniZe m., saqarTvelos Sinapolitikuri da sagareo viTare-
ba X s. 80-iani wlebidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde // saqarTvelos isto-
riis narkvevebi, III. saqarTvelo XI-XV saukuneebSi, Tb., 1979, gv. 181-
182.
455
imyofeboda. man kaTalikos-patriarqs uboZa `xati ese wmidisa
RmrTis-mSoblisaQ Semkobili oqroÁTa, TualiTa da margaliti-
Ta xati macxovrisaÁ vercxlisaÁ, oqroÁTa TualiTa da mar-
galitiTa;... da xati naTlismcemlsaÁ a-i... da Tevdoresi Aa-i,
da saroTiTa Seqmnilni, oqroÁTa da vercxliTa SeWedilni; da
sxuaQxatebi, saroTiTa da oqtoforgliTa dawerilni da Cem-
nive dasuenebulni ricxviT ne...~1 èse didi macxovri-
saQsaroTiTa da garSemo TualiT Semkobili. da sxuaQxati ma-
cxovrisaQvercxlisa, oqroÁTa curebuli~ da sxva xatebi da
oqrosi TvalmargalitiT Semkobili saritualo WurWeli. basi-
lma patriarqs uboZa, agreTve `monasteri didi, romlisa saxe-
li ars kestori, romelsa sofeli aqus re (105)~2; konsta-
ntinem _ `xati oqroÁsa~; romanozma ki _ `samoseli oqroqso-
vili a; da mazaraÁ oqroqsoÁli a; sanawile oqsinoÁ g; da ze-
asapyrobeli xatovani oqroÁTa a; sadagni sanawileni b~3.
marTalia kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedeks bizantiis sam
imperatorTan hqonebia viziti, magram ar Cans ramdenjer iyo
konstantinopolSi. arc viciT misi mogzaurobis miznebic.
safiqeebelia, rom kaTalikos patriarqi mxolod im saeklesio
nivTebisaTvis ar daiareboda bizantiis sataxtoSi, romelTa
Sesaxeb zemoT aRiniSna. arc keisrebi iyvnen iseTi gulubr-
yviloni, rom maT uangarod gaeRoT is saeklesio qoneba,
romelzec zemoT iTqva. savaraudoa, kaTalikos-patriarqi, for-
malurad, sapatriarqos saqmeebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebiT
1 berZeniSvili n., mcxeTis sabuTi XI saukunisa (amonabeWdi), tf., 1931,

gv. 288; dokumenti ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli: qarTuli
qristomaTia / dabeWdili daviT Cubinovisa, sankt peteburgi, 1863;
Jordania T. qronikebi, I, gv. 31-36; qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III,
saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi (XI-XIX ss.) / teqstebi gamosca,
SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem, Tb., 1970, gv. 19-
20,
2 berZeniSvili n., mcxeTis sabuTi XI saukunisa, gv. 290; qarTuli
samarTlis Zeglebi, III, saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi (XI-XIX
ss.), gv. 22.
3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 21. ix. agreTve, Jordania T.,
qronikebi, I, tf., 1892, gv. 181-188.
456
ewveoda xolme bizantiis dedaqalaqs da keisrebsac stumrobda
da maTgan Zvirfas saCuqrebsac iRebda. imasac Tu gaviTvalis-
winebT, rogori cvalebadi iyo saqarTvelo-bizantiis poli-
tikuri urTierToba melqisedekis zeobis paeriodSi, savaraudoa,
is aqtiuri politikosi iyo da monawileobda or qveyanas Soris
urTierTobis mowesrigebaSi. magram qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT
SeuZlebelia imis Tqma, romeli mogzaurobis dros, an saerTod
is rodisme Tu axlda mariam dedofals konstantinopolSi.
patriarqi melqisedeki mariam dedofals rom namdvilad
axlda konstantinopolSi imperatorTan diplomatiuri molapa-
rakebis dros, amis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems arabi istorikosi iahia
antioqieli. romanoz III argirosma gadawyvita saqarTvelos
mefesTan urTierTobaSi bolomde mieyvana saqme: `radgan isini
(afxazebi) arian qristianebi, mtkiced dganan erTgulebaze da
(qristianul) rwmenaze. es moiTxovs maTTan megobrobis auci-
leblobas da erTmaneTSi mtrobis aRmofxvras~. da ganamtkica
(romanozma) mdgomareoba maTTan imiT, rom miaTxova Tavisi Zmis
basil argirosis (arjirubulaus) asuli bagrat afxazTa me-
fes. da movidnen qalaq konstantinopols dedamisi _ sanaxi-
rabis asuli, kaTalikosi, e.i. jasaliki, romelic maTi qveynis
samRvdeloebis meTauria da jgufi maTi mTavrebisa... dades es
(xelSekruleba), waiyvanes sarZlo mis meuRlesTan bagratTan
da mowesrigda viTareba bizantielebsa da abxazebs Soris~1.
amgvarad, iahia antioqielis mier dadasturda qarTveli
mkvlevarebis varaudi, rom kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedeki
dedofal mariamTan erTad konstantinopolSi diplomatiuri
vizitiT imyofeboda.
rac Seexeba imperiis dedaqalaqSi kaTalikos-patriarq me-
lqisedekisaTvis bizantiis imperatorebis mier xatebis, sam-
Rdlo samoselisa da saeklesio-saritualo WurWelis mir-
Tmevas, ra Tqma unda, es ar iyo erTjeradi SemTxveva. qristia-
nuli qveynebis urTierTobaSi amgvari saCuqrebis gacvla
Cveulebriv, tradiciul normebSi Tavsdeboda. ase, rom bizan-
tiidan saqarTveloSi gamoTxovili elenesaTvis mziTevSi sxva
1 buaCiZe g., erTi epizodi saqarTvelosa da bizantiis urTierTobidan

iahia antioqielis ìstoriaSi~, gv. 104.
457
saCuqrebTan erTad xatebis gamotanebac imave qristianuli tra-
diciaSi Tavsdeboda.
goris oqonis xatebi
qarTuli saistorio tradiciiT, oqonis xatebi saqarTvelo-

Si Camoasvenes 1032 wels, rodesac saqarTvelos mefe bagrat IV-
is (1027-1072) meuRles, elenes is sxva saCuqrebTan erTad mzi-
TevSi gamoatanes da Tan gamoayoles Tavisive dekanozi, ro-
melic gaxda saqarTveloSi garsevaniSvilebis gvaris damaar-
sebeli.
goris oqonis xatebis raobis gasarkvevad erT-erT um-
niSvnelovanes wyaros warmoadgens vaxtang VI-is gujari, rome-
lSic gadmocemulia elene dedoflis mier ori xatis _ oqo-
nisa da RvTismSoblis xatebis bizantiidan saqarTveloSi
gadmosvenebis Sesaxeb.
genealogiis nusxis Semdgenlebma à1~ sqolioSi, romelic
mTlianad vaxtang VI-is sigels warmoadgens, igi daaTariRes
1722 wliT, rac, vfiqrob, ar unda Seesabamebodes sinamdviles,
radgan: 1. gujari gacemulia vaxtang mefis yazvinSi yofnis
periodSi, maSasadame is unda daweriliyo 1716-1718 wlebSi; 2.
vfiqrob, TariRis kidev ufro dazusteba SeiZleba. vaxtangma
1716 wlis 1 ivliss islami aRiara da gamuslimanda. savarau-
doa, rogorc sxva dros da sxva qveyanaSi (mag., ruseTSi), mefe
vaxtangs yazvinSi Tan axldnen oqonis xatis deknozi,
mtvirTveli da misi axloblebi garsevaniSvilTa gvaridan. ar
Cans is pirovneba an pirovnebebi visi TxovniTac mefem gamoiZia
da daamtkica is yvelaferi razec gujarSia laparaki. isini
ueWvelia yazvinSi imyofebodnen, roca mefe vaxtangi gamusli-
manda. amis Semdeg garsevaniSvilebis da oqonis xatis iranis
sataxtoSi yofna ukve arasasurveli iqneboda da isini samSo-
bloSi unda dabrunebuliyvnen. maTi xatTan erTad saqarTve-
loSi dabrunebas simbolurad vaxtangis mier qristianobasTan
kavSiris gawyveta unda aReniSna da ase unda aReqva iranis
xelisuflebasa da musliman mosaxleobas. amis Semdeg, garse-
vaniSvilebis mefesTan gamoTxovebis win, albaT, maTive Txov-
nisa da monaTxrobis mixedviT, mefem `gamoiZia da daumtkica~
458
maT yvelaferi is rasac gujari gvamcnobs. aRniSnulidan gamo-
mdinare, sigeli dawerili unda iyos 1716 wlis 1 ivlisis Sem-
deg axlo xanebSi.
gavecnoT sigelis zogierT cnobas.
vaxtang mefis gujarSi moTxrobilia imperatorma romanoz
argiriasma Tavisi asuli elene bagrat IV-s rom miaTxova 1032
wels da sxvadasxva Zvirfas saCuqrebTan erTad oqonis xati
uboZa Tavisi dekanoziT. xati iyo ùmraval-nawiladesi da
msgavsad zRvis qviSisa saswaulT-aRuricxveli~. dekanozs
mudmivad Tan hqonda imave saxelobis (oqonis) sxva xati oqonis
RvTismSoblisa. anatoliis dabaSi, romlisganac xatma saxel-
wodeba miiRo, arsebobda bevri patiosani ganZi, mravli gande-
gili imyofeboda. qarTveli mefeebisagan Tayvancemuli RvTis-
mSoblis xatisaTvis misi saxelobis, eklesia auSenebiaT da
misi dekanozic iqve dausaxlebiaT. da sofeli, romelsac oqo-
na ewoda, dekanozs uboZes. ase grZeldeboda manam, vidre mefe
Tamari Tavis sayvareli naWarmagevis mSvenier da nadiriT savse
Walas estumreboda. im dros sof. garejvris qvemoT mtkvris
napiramde mosaxleoba ar yofila garda erTi gandegilisa, sa-
xelad aTanasiosa. mis sanaxavad misulma Tamar mefem ixila
kldis borcvi tonTiod saxeldebuli, moewona misi mdebareoba
da buneba, gaakafina maRali kldis borcvis Semogareni da aaS-
enebina oqonis RvTismsoblis eklesia. amis Semdeg mefem saber-
ZneTidan moayvanina garsevaniSvilebis naTesavi da aq, Semdgomi
drois q. gorSi daasaxla1.
sigelSi oqonis xatis saqarTveloSi CamobrZanebis da so-
fel oqonaSi misi saxelobis saydris daarsebis legendaa gad-
mocemuli. bunebrivia, imave sofelSi daasaxles misi dekanozi
gabrieli. bizantologi T. mesxi ki fiqrobs, rom oqonis xatis
dekanozi sataxto q. quTaisidan sofelSi gaasaxles elene de-
doflis gardacvalebis Semdeg2. magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
Sua saukuneebSi eklesiebis mSeneblobis tempebs, dasaSvebia,
rom mSeneblobis dasrulebas elene dedofali ver moeswro.
rogorc cnobilia, is saqarTveloSi Camosvlidan mcire xanSi
1 gsiem, #7636/10.
2 mesxi T., oqonis xatis raobisa da istoriisaTvis, gv. 44.
459
gardaicvala. ase, rom imis Tqma, TiTqos elenes gardacvalebis
Semdeg, `raki quTaisis sasaxleSi dekanozis funqcia amoiwura,
bagrat mefem is, saTanado pativiT sofelSi daasaxla~, dazus-
tebas moiTxovs.
ra SeiZleba iTqvas elenes mziTevSi dasaxelebul or xat-
ze (savsebiT mosalodnelia, rom im xatebis garda konstan-
tinopolidan sxvebic gamoetanebinaT)? ueWvelia, rom vaxtang
VI-is gujarSi, romelic, rogorc iTqva, mTlianad Setanilia
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxisaTvis darTul à~
sqolioSi, laparakia or xatze, rac, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT,
sxva dokumentebiTac dasturdeba: erTia oqonis xati, romel-
zec, ar aris cnobili, ra iyo gamosaxuli. rac Seexeba meore,
aseve oqonuri warmoSobis RvTismSoblis xats, TiTqos yvela-
feri garkveulia. arsebobobs sxva òqonis~ xatebic, magram
jer kidev ver xerxdeba identifikacia, romlebi iyo elenes
namziTevi. ufro metic, maT Soris arc erTi ar aris
RvTismSoblisa1.
sigelis mixedviT daba oqonia, sadac xatebi daiwera, sax-
elganTqmuli iyo Tavisi siZveleebiT. im adgilsac, sadac
konstantinopolidan CamobrZanebuli xatebi pirvelad daasve-
nes da dekanozsac bina miuCines, xatebis warmomavlobis mixed-
viT ewoda oqona. es aris frones xeobis sofeli oqona, sadac
vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, àvlevs zeiT, fcis wylis
aRmosavleT, ars oqonas monasteri, didi, gumbaTiani, aramed
ucxo ars, rameTu Zvrisagan waxriT mdgomareobs CrdiloTken
da ara dairRuevis, adgilsa Sueniers, wyaroiansa~2.
pirveli xatis saxelis etimologiaze saintereso hipoTeza
wamoayena qalbatonma Tamar mesxma Tavis axlaxan gamoqveyneb-
ul monografiaSi, romelSic gonebamaxvilurad erTmaneTTan
daakavSira mTavar angeloz miqaelis mier ikoniis maxloblad
kolaseSi moxdenili saswauli da Tamar mefis dros xatebis
gorSi gadmosvenebis legenda. igi im daskvnamde mivida, rom
saxelwodeba òqona~ modis mTavar angeloz miqaelis berZnuli
saxelwodebidan3.
1 iqve, gv. 82.
3 mesxi T., oqonis xatis raobisa da istoriisaTvis, Tb., 2012, gv. 22-26
460
miqael mTvarangelozis Tayvaniscema marTlmadidebel
1
eklesiaSi modis uZvelesi droidan . misi xsovna aRiniSneba 8
noembers2 da 6 seqtembers. amjerad gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
6 seqtembris `xs[eneba] sakvirvelebisa, qmnilisa mTavarange-
lozisa miqaelis mier kolases Sina, romel ars xona~. ìoane
maxarebeli hieropolisSi wavida. iloca da iwinaswarmrt-
yuvela, rom miqael mTavarangelozi gansakuTrebuli madliT
aRavsebda da saswauls moaxdenda. marTlac garkveuli xnis
Semdeg ioane maxareblis winasityvaoba aRsrulda. hieropo-
lisis maxloblad aiazmis wyali aRmocenda. vinc ki am wyals
rwmeniT daewafeboda, maSinve yovelgvari daavadebisagan ikur-
neboda. amitom im adgilze miqael mTavaraangelozis saxelze
aages taZari3, romelSic iRvwoda axalgazrda sasuliero piri,
saxelad arqipo. qristianTa mtrebma jer arqipos mokvla
ganizraxes, Semdeg ki _ aizmis wylis gaqroba. miznis
misaRwevad sxvadasxvagvar mavne xerxs mimarTes. mdinares,
romelic sakurTxevlis maxloblad miedineboda, kalapoti
Seucvales, raTa aizmis wyali SerTvoda, Zala daekarga da
xalxi veRar ganekurna. magram mdinare sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT wavida. miuxedavad pirveli warumateblobisa,
qristianobis mtrebs boroti ganzraxvisaTvis Tavi ar
daunebebiaT. amis Semdeg maT or sxva mdinares Seucvales
kalapoti da zed taZarze miagdes, raTa aizmis wyalTan erTad,
taZaric SeemusraT. wyali tboravda midamos da taZars
wasalekad emuqreboda. swored am dros gamoCnda miqael mTa-
varangelozi, xelis apyrobiT jvari gamosaxa da mdinares dgo-
ma ubrZana. Semdeg ki, imave gziT, jvari kldeze dabeWda. iqau-
roba შeZra Weqa-quxilma, rasac didi miwisZvra mohyva da klde
orad ganipo. mTavar angelozma brZana: àmas danaxeTqsa Sina
1 miqael mTavarangelozi samjer moixsenieba Zvelsa da axal aRTqma-

Si: daniel winaswarmetyvelTan da ioane RmTismetyvelis ga-
mocxadebaSi.
2 `kreba wmidisa mTavarangelozisa miqaelisa da sxvaTa uxorcoTa
zecisa ZalTa: gabrielisa, rafaelisa, urielisa, selafielisa, eg-
udielisa, varaxielisa da ieromielisa~.
3 taZris agebis Semdeg xone saeklesio centrad gadaiqca. iqve, gv. 28.
461
dainTqen amieriTgan mdinareni! da esreT sakvirvelebiT brZane-
buli igi saqme iqmna~1.
rac Seexeba xatis saxels (oqona), T. mesxis Tanaxmad, miRe-
bulia arTronisa (o) da sityva xoniate–s Serwymis Sedegad.
mkvlevari daaskvnis: àmrigad, elene dedoflis mziTevSi
naxsenebi `xati oqonisa~ aris xati xones saswaulisa (e.i.
miqael mTavarangelozis gamosaxuleba) da ara spilos Zvlis
triptiqoni. radgan triptiqonis tipis xatebs Tavisi saxel-
wodeba aqvs _ `deisusi~, anu `vedreba~2. viziareb T. mesxis
mosazrebas3 da safiqrebelia, rom spilos Zvlis triptiqons
da zogierT sxva xatsac oqonisa ewoda mxolod imis gamo, rom
isini am saxelwodebis eklesiaSi iyvnen dasvenebuli.
roca XVIII saukunemdel dokumentebSi laparakia oqonis
xatze (misdami mimarTva, Txovna, Sewirva...), Cemi dakvirvebiT,
igulisxmeba oqonis eklesia, amave saxelobis xatiT magram არა
RvTismSoblisa. am mosazrebaSi dasarwmuneblad gavecnoT erTi
dokumentis fragments, romelSic RvTismSoblisa da oqonis
eklesiebi sxvadasxva eklesiebad aris warmodgenili: ìese
(garsevanSvili _ e.m.) dekanozi garsevan dekanozis Ze iyo
moZRvari mefis vaxtangis meeqvsisa leonis Zisa, hsjulis-
mdebelisa...; aman ieseman... ganaaxla daqceuli ekklesia goris
RvTismSoblisa aRSenebuli Tamar dedoflisagan, Crpzsa wel-
sa... gaukeTebina oqonis ekklesiasa kankeli, axlad aRuSena
samreklo pirveli missa aRSenebuli, 1603 w. dekanozisa
markozisagan da odes gardaicvala, daefla piris pir xatisa
oqoniisa, misve (oqonis _ e.m) ekklesiasa Sina, romelsa aqvs
zedawarwerili qvaca wiTelis kldisa... amisve iese dekanozisa
mamapapaTa mefeTa uboZes mefeTa: sÂmon pirvelman da rostom
1 TxrobaÁ zogebiTi saswaulisa mis qmnilisaÁ yovlad didebulisa
mier miqael mTavarangelozisa xonelTa Soris //Zveli metafra-
suli krebulebi (seqtembris sakTxavi), teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada da saZiebeli daurTo n. goguaZem, Tb., 1986, gv. 84-89.
visargeble T. mesxis dasaxelebuli naSromiT, gv. 24-25. xazgasma T.
mesxisa.
2 mesxi T., oqonis xatis raobisa da istoriisaTvis, gv. 33, 36. xazgasma
q-n Tamar mesxisa.
3 iqve, gv. 37.
462
pirvelman... oqonis eklesia, aRSenebuli Jamsa Tamar dedof-
lisa, umemkvidrod gardacvalebulis aznauris donaSvilisagan,
romlisaca drosa iqmna oqonis xati gardmosvenebuli, am
awindels ekklesiaSi, cixis RvTismSoblis (oqonis xatis saxe-
lsa zeda) aRSenebulis ekklesiidam. romelica mas drosa Sina,
SemTxveviT, JamTa viTarebisa gamosvenebula, goris RvTismSob-
lis eklesiaSi da iqidam aRdgomis mesames dResa, gad-
mousvenebiaT oqonaSi, viTarca gadmogvces zepirad winaparTa
CvenTa~1.
amgvarad, rogorc al. garsevaniSvils Tavisi winaprebisgan
zepiri gadmocemiT mousmenia, XVIII s. pirveli naaxevris moRva-
we iese garsevaniSvils, oqonis eklesiisTvis kankeli da deka-
noz markozis mier 1603 wels aSenebuli samreklo aRudgenia.
oqonis eklesiisadmi ieses yuradReba da zrunva imiT iyo
ganpirobebuli, rom qarTlis mefeebma mis winaprebs uboZes Ta-
maris mefobis dros umemkvidreod gardacvlili aznaur petre
donaSvilis mier aSenebuli oqonis eklesia. donaSvilis dros
moxda oqonis xatis gadmosveneba àwindel~ eklesiaSi. radgan,
al. garsevaniSvili igives mogviTxrobs 1868 wels `ciskarSi~
gamoqveynebul Tavis werilSi, maSasadame àwindelSi~ is gu-
lisxmobs im patara Zvel eklesias, romelic agreTve oqonis
eklesiad iwodeboda. Cemi azriT is aris aRbeWdili d. erma-
kovis mier gadaRebul (XIX s. 80-iani wlebi) fotoze, ganaxle-
buli oqonis eklesiis maxloblad marcxniv (ix. foto)
Tamar mefis drosve, 1189 wels, dawesebula oqonis ekle-
siis xatis dResaswauli aRdgomis meore dRes, xolo RvTis-
mSoblisa mesame dRes.
imave dros mefem, dekanoz garsevans, uboZa oqonis àwin-
deli~ xati da goris RvTismSoblis, oqonis xatisa da cixis
eklesiebis mcveloba2. al. garsevaniSvili siamayiT aRniSnavda
am faqts (dasaxelebuli eklesiebis mcvelebis privilegia rom
hqondaT miniWebul garsevaniSvilebs) da miuTiTebda mefeTa
sigelebsa da `qarTlis cxovrebaze~ imaT visac SeiZleboda
eWvi gasCenodaT misi naTqvamis WeSmaritebaSi. magram `qarTlis
1 gsiem, #162. yvela xazgasma Cemia.

2 garsevniSvili al., qalaqi gori da saswaul-moqmedi oqonis RvTis-
mSoblis xati, Jurn. `ciskari~, 1868, #2.
463
cxovrebaSi~ veraviTar cnobas ver vnaxulobT, zogadad,
garsevaniSvilebis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba sigelebis cnobebs,
amasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas Semdegi: rogorc 1582 wlis
sigelidan irkveva, garsevaniSvilebis gvars didi xnis winaT
ukve hqonebia goris, cixisa da oqonis xatis dekanozoba, mefe
svimon I-ma da misma Zma vaxtangma am sigeliT ganuaxles da
daumtkices is, rac maT winaprebs hqondaT. sigelSi vkiTxu-
lobT: `viguleT da vigulismodgineT da vhqeniT mokiTxuli da
sigelic ginaxeT da kurTxeulT papaTa da mamaTa CuenTaganc
mkuidrad oqonis xatis dekanozoba da sadekanozo Tquen gqone-
boda da awe Cuenca SegiwyaleT da sigliTa amiT gangiaxleT
da dagimkuidreT karisa Cuenisa da oqonis xatis dekanozoba
Sen, karis dekanozs filimons da momavalTa saxlisa SenisaTa
yovelTave asre... ese Cuengan naboZvari ara mogeSalos ara Cue-
ngan da arca CuenTa naTesavTagan... goris, cixisa da oqonis
xatis dekanozoba da sadekanozo, rac ZvelTagan yofiliyos
Sen filions da momavalTa SenTa...~1
1725 wlis 20 noembers vaxtang VI-m, misma meuRlem, dedo-
falma rusudanma da ufliswulebma _ baqarma da giorgim ka-
risa da oqonis dekanozs giorgi garsevaniSvils, mis Zmebsa da
Svilebs ganuaxles winaparTa mier miniWebuli mTeli rigi pri-
vilegiebi da masTan erTad ufleba-movaleobani. sigelis gam-
cemni garsevaniSvilebs mimarTaven: `Cvenis karisa Tu saidum-
los SinaT sadari Tquen unda gebarosT da ufrosn dekano-
zniT Tquen iyuneT, klitec Tquen gebarosT da Tquens uneburi
im saydarSi ar iqnebodes~2.
karis, gorisa da oqonis xatis dekanozs `kurTxevis wigni~
(uTariRo, savaraudod 1727-1728 ww.) uboZa `qarTlisa, kaxeTisa
da samcxe-saaTabagos~ kaTalikos-patriarqma domenti IV-m3.
`maS amaTi mamuli sxvisa raT iqneboda, radgan ase iyo da
kualad xatic Tan gvaxlda da dekanoznic Cveni jvarismt-
virTvelni arc am Cvens sasoebas xats ekadreboda da verc mis-
ni dekanozni rCebodnen...~4 acxadebs mefe vaxtang VI. ram-
1 gsiem, #190a
2 gsiem, #191.
3 gsiem, #173.
4 iqve, #169.
464
denadac CemTvis cnobilia, es aris pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac
garsevaniSvili oqonis xatis dekanozi da jvarismtvirTvelic
aris.
igive mefe brZanebs, rom garsevaniSvils àravin Seecilos
da mouSalos. Segviwire Sen mravalnawilo oqonis xato, jvaro
cxovelmyofelo...~
1745 wels kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz II-m giorgi garsevaniSvils
ganuaxla ùcvalebeli sigeli... karis da oqonis xatis da
jvarismtvirTvels dekanozs garsevanisSvils giorgis da
Svilsa Sensa grigols da andrias da Svilsa da momavalTa
saxlisa Senisa...~1
oriode sityva unda iTqvas `karis~ eklesis Sesaxeb, rome-
lzec dokumentebSia aRniSnuli. 1791 w. Sedgenili `ganwesebani
saqarTvelos mefis iraklisni ZeTa TÂsTadmi samefoisaTÂs
saqarTveloÁsa~, arsebuli Cveulebidan gamomdinare, akanonebs,
rom karis eklesiebi iyo TbilisSi, Telavsa da goris cixeSi,
`rom es eklesiani yvela Zmebisa saerTo aris da, romelic
mamisa da papis jvarni, xatni da siwmindis iaraRni aqvndes
yvela, romelic romelsac eklesiaSi yofiliyos, iqav unda
iyos~2. maSasadame, erekle II karis eklesiaSi gulisxmobs gior-
gi Zlevamosilis, anu adrindel oqonis eklesias.
moRweulia goris oqonis xatis Zalian mwiri aRwerilobe-
bi, romlebic sxvadasxva mkvlevars an mogzaurs ekuTvnis. XIX
saukunemde ar arsebobs qarTuli wyaro, romelSic ra-ime aris
naTqvami goris oqonis xatis siuJetis Sesaxeb. radgan zustad
ar viciT garegnulad rogori iyo oqonis xati aman warmoSva
sxvadasxva, zogjer urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi da va-
raudebi.
1846 wlis seqtembridan 1847 wlis ivlisamde, saqarTvelosa
da somxeTSi imogzaura cnobilma saeklesio moRvawem da
istorikosma, momlocvelma da mogzaurma, saimperatoro akade-
miis sapatio wevrma aleqsandre nikolozis Ze muraviovma. a.
1 gsiem, 156.
465
muraviovi, rogoრc saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareT
arsebuli qarTuli siZveleebis kargi mcodne iyo1.
man saintereso cnobebi dagvitova oqonis eklesiisa da iq
davanebuli oqonis xatis Sesaxeb: `goris rva sxvadasxva aRm-
sareblobis eklesiebs Soris Cemi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
miiqcia Tavisi im Zvirfasi siwmindiT, iman romelSic meeqvse
saukunidanaa daculi, roca saqarTvelo berZen imperatorebs
emorCileboda. qristianobis gavrcelebisaTvis bevris mzrunve-
lma didma iustinianem iveriis mbrZanebel stefanozs, romelic
(bizantiis _ e.m.) karis maRal wodebaSi aamaRla, gamougzavna
dasakeci, tiloze daxatuli deisusi, e.i. mxsneli, romlis
aqeT-iqiT arian RvTismSobeli da winaswarmetyveli. is aqamomde
inaxeba miZinebis eklesiaSi saocrad dauzianebeli, Tumca
nawilobriv saRebavi acvivda. mxatvroba gamoirCeva egreT
wodebuli bizantiuri, X saukunis, naTeli koloritiT da
ufro sasimovno nakvTebiT. ar vici qarTvelebi xats ratom
uwodeben òkonios~-s, romelic [SeiZleba warmosdgeba] berZ-
nuli sityva ìkona~-dan?~2
grafinia praskovia uvarova roca sof. oqonas ewvia, mas iq
daxvda Zveli eklesiis nangrevebi. axal eklesiaSi ki daculi
iyo ori xati: RvTismSoblis Weduri, mooqrovili, magram uxeSi
namuSevari, romelic mkvlevaris azriT, qarTuli naxelavi
unda yofiliyo. xats hqonda mxedruli warwera. iqve iyo tri-
ptiqi, mis ukana mxares yofila xucuri warwera, romlis
amokiTxva ver moxerxda.
goris oqonis eklesiaSi daculi mxatvruli triptiqi,
rogorc p. uvarovasTvis uTqvamT, gadmoutaniaT oqonis Zveli
eklesiidan da masze gamoxatuli iyo deisusi _ sami xati:
macxovari, RmrTismSobeli da ioane naTlismcemeli. es xati,
uvarovas varaudiT, SeiZleba marTlac bizantiuri warmoSo-
bisa, magram SedarebiT naklebmniSvnelovani da arc Zalian
Zveli iyo3.
1 ix. misi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani wigni: Муравьев А. Н., История

святого града Иерусалима, ч. 1-2, СПб., 1844.
2
Муравьев А. Н., Грузия и Армения, ч. III, с. 93-94.
Путевые заметки графинии Уваровой, с. 88-90.
466
a. muraviovma da p. uvarovam, rogorc Cans taZarSi dacul
ori sxvadasxva triptiqi naxes. p. uvarovam ar icoda, rom 1850-
iani wlebisaTvis xati imdenad daZvelebula, rom gamosaxu-
lebebi aRar Canda. 1856 w. mefisnacval n. n. muraviovis neba-
rTviTa da peterburgis mitropolitis isidores brZanebiT
xati Tavad golicins specialuri siTxiT gauwmendia. 1863 w.
mRvdelma iese iakobis Ze garsevanovma XIX s. 50-60 wlebis
mijnaze moindoma oqonis xatis vercxliT moWedva da oqros
wyliT dafarva1. dokumentebSi ar Cans SeZlo Tu ara iesem
ganzraxvis Sesruleba, magram al. garsevaniSvili gvamcnobs,
rom iesem mizans miaRwia imave wels: `xatsa zeda oqonisas,
metis siZvelisgan saxeni aRar sCandnen. misTvis welsa 1856,
nebiT yovlis mTavar-marTeblis awindeli peterburgis mitro-
politis isidoresiTa, moacxovla saxeni xatisani wamliT,
TviT man mxatvarman romelmanc ganaaxla Zveli, qarTuli mxa-
tvrobaÁ tfilisis sionis soborosa Sina, Tavadma galicinma2.
xati oqoniisa, welsa 1863, vercxliT SeaWedina da oqros wyl-
iT daafervina, Tavisis xarjiT, aw gardacvalebulma qarTulis
enis Rrmad mecnierman, mRvdelman iese iakobis Zeman garse-
vanovma....~3
1 qvemoT ix. iese garsevaniSvilis rusulad dawerili mimarTva (1863

wlis 8 ivlissa da imave wlis 20 agvistos) qarTlisa da kaxeTis
egzarqos evseisadmi oqonis xatis vercxliT Semkobisa da Semdeg
mooqrovis Sesaxeb.
2 al. garsevaniSvili scodavs. is vinc sionis taZari moxata iyo
cnobili rusi mxatvari grigori gagarini (1810-1893). man 1832 da 1837

wlebSi imogzaura aRmosavleTis qveynebSi. gatacebuli iyo
xatweris bizantiuri stiliT. g. gagarini 1848-1854 wlebSi cxov-
robda TbilisSi ojaxTan erTad. misi meuRle iyo sofia daSkova.
1850-iani wlebis dasawyisSi man moxata Tbilisis sionis taZari,
sadac dRemdea Semonaxuli misi naxelavi freskebi. man moxata
Tbilisis Zveli saopero Teatri, romelic xanZarma gaanadgura. man
mxatvrulad gaaforma giorgi erisTavis ori speqtakli, daxata
general-leitenant daviT WavWavaZis (1818-1884), aleqsandre
WavWavaZis vaJis, general-maior mamuka orbelianis (1800-1871) da
marTa soloRaSvilis portretebi.
3 garsevaniSvili al., qalaqi gori da saswaulmoqmedi oqonis RvTis-
mSoblis xati // ciskari, 1868, #2. T. mesxi fiqrobs, rom oqonis
467
al. garsevaniSvilis aRweriT, oqonis xati iyo xis samka-
riani, erTimeoreze rkinis anjamebiT gadabmuli. SuaSi macxo-
vari, marjvniv RmrTismSobeli, marcxniv ioane naTlismcemeli.
misive TqmiT, `namdvili xati RvTis-mSoblis, ikoniis qalaqidam
mosvenebuli, aris awindeli goris oqonis RvTis-mSobeli,
romlis taZari aris goris miZinebis prixodis eklesia _
oqona~1.
maSasadame al. garsevaniSvili da praskovia uvarova erTsa
da imave xats aRweren. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom
adreul periodSi or sxvadasxva xatze _ oqonisa da RvTis-
mSoblisas arsebobaze iyo aRniSnuli, gamodis, rom CvenTvis
gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo, oqonis is xati, romelzec gamosa-
xuli iyo mTavarangelozi miqaeli da romelsac gvTavazobs T.
mesxi, daikarga an ganadgurda, jer kidev manamde vidre mas
svimon mefe imereTSi waimZRvarebda. imereTSi man sxva xati _
oqonis jvarcmis oqros xati wasvena, romelic gorSi daabruna
da kvlav garsevaniSvilebs Caabara Sahnavazma. T. mesxis azriT,
is sabuTebi, romelebic oqonis xatis Sesaxeb Seicaven cnobebs,
ZiriTadad XVII-XIX saukuneebs ganekuTvneba. im droisaTvis
namdvili oqonis xatis raoba daviwyebuli iyo. amasTan, imave
sabuTebSi, erTi mxriv, vedrebis xatia aRwerili, meore mxriv
ki, namdvil oqonis xatad RmrTismSoblis xati saxeldeba.
mkvlevaris Tanaxmad, swored amis gamo damkvidrda Tvalsaz-
risi, rom Tamar mefem gorak tonTioze eklesia RmrTis-
mSoblis saxelze aago2.
vfiqrob, is xati, romelic elenes mziTevSi mohyva da T.
mesxis Tanaxmad masze gamosaxuli iyo mefeTa mfarveli
mTavarangelozi miqaeli, qveynis Znelbedobisas daikarga. igi
XIV saukunis 80-iani wlebis Semdeg aRar Cans da mxolod
daaxloebiT ori saukunis Semdeg, XVI saukunis meore naxevris
xati vercxliT moaWedina Tavadma grigori sergeis Ze golicinma,

rac simarTles ar Seefereba. mesxi T., oqonis xatis raobisa da
istoriisaTvis, gv. 94. simarTlea is, rom iese garsevaniSvilma di-
di wvalebis Semdeg SeZlo Tavisi ocnebis asruleba. vrclad qve-
moT.
1 `ciskari~, 1867, #2, gv. 3.
468
dokumentebSi Cndeba svimon I-s dros. SeiZleba gavixsenoT
ramdeni ubedureba gadaitana gorma drois am monakveTSi. ar
unda iyos gasakviri, rom Zvirfasi xati dakarguliyo. amis
Semdeg moxda misi sxva, imave saxelwodebis, Zvirfasi xatiT
Canacvleba. masac sakmaod rTuli Tavgadasavali hqonda:
daaxloebiT 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi `datyvevebuli~ iyo dasav-
leT saqarTveloSi. igi Sahnavazma daixsna, Semdeg ki misma
SviliSvilma mefe vaxtang VI-m ruseTSi waiRo da misi saqar-
TveloSi dabruneba moxda mxolod XIX s. bolos.
cnobili ar aris rodis aigo goris oqonis RvTismSoblis
eklesia, an xati rodis gadmoitanes gorSi. rogorc iTqva, d.
baqraZes, p. uvarovas da m. janaSvils miaCndaT, rom goris
oqonis eklesia XVII s. unda aeSenebinaT. maT SeiZleba is
eklesia hqondaT mxedvelobaSi, romelic gorSi idga XIX
saukunis 80-ian wlebamde, e.i. Zveli, patara oqonis eklesia.
magram erTi ram cხadia: Sahnavazma tyveobidan daxsnili xati
Tavis sasaxleSi daasvena da ara taZarSi, rac mafiqrebinebs,
rom oqonis winasasveni xati winaTic mefis sasaxleშi esvena.
vaxtang VI-is 1708 wlis oqonis gujarSi vkiTxulobT: òdes
suliT gabrwyinebuli mefe svimon ofiskeWs Sebmuli iyo da
marcxdeboda mefis aleqsandres mier... wina sasven oqonis xati
iq darComodaT da iyo vidre Sahnavaz mefemde... mefes patrons
Sahnavazs imereT-odiSi da guria daepyra da daemona Tavisi
samkvidro da qarTvelT saficari da saesavi winasasveni oqonis
xati kvalad eSovna gardmoesvenebina didis surviliT da sa-
soebiT Tavis saxlSi daesvenebina~1. am gujarSi dasaxelebuli
`winasasveni oqonis xati~, oqonis winsasveni jvarcma iyo
romelsac Tavisi eklesia hqonda da romelsac saWiroebisda
mixedviT xan sasaxleSi miuCendnen adgils xan brZolis velze
da a. S. ase iyo manamde vidre mefe vaxtangi am xats ruseTSi
waimZRvarebda 1724 wels. is qarTuli naxelavi iyo da amitom
masze berZnulis kvali ar Cans. aris mxolod qarTuli
asomTavruli da mxedruli warwerebi. es xati Seiswavla eq.
TayaiSvilma. mis Sesaxeb vrclad vityvi qvemoT.

III, gv. 26.
469
citataSi moyvanil cnobebTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas,
rom 1590 w. svimon I-ma scada imereTis samefos dapyroba, magram
ofSkviTTan (axlandel wyaltubos raionSi) damarcxda da ukan
gamobrunda1. isic unda iTqvas, rom maSin imereTis mefe iyo ara
aleqsandre, aramed rostomi (1590-1605). gujaris mixedviT,
oqonis xati 1590 wlidan Sahnavazis mier imereTis dapyrobamde
(1661 w.) iq yofila, amis Semdeg, rogorc varaudobdnen, xati
gorSi unda gadmoetanaT da misi saxelobis eklesia aeSene-
binaT. gujaris informacia, da bunebrivia, masze damyarebuli
mosazrebac arasworia. aseTi daskvnis uflebas gvaZleven sxva
wyaroebi. aris 1382 wlis 30 ivnisis sabuTi, romlidanac Cans,
rom oqonis eklesia gorSi didi xnis winaT, Tamar mefis
droidan arsebobda. `Ãelmwifeman mefeT mefeman daviT2 da ZeTa

2 am daviTs vxvdebiT 1365 welsac, roca is ezos CurqCars papias ub-
oZebs qisiyiseul mamuls gorSi. xec, Hd, #2193. rogorc aRiniSna
sigelis TariRia 1382 weli amitom unda dadgindes romel mefe
daviTs ekuTvnis sigeli. cnobilia, rom dasaxelebuli weli jdeba
mefe bagrat V-is mefobis wlebSi (1360-1393). maS vin iyo `mefeT mefe~
daviTi romelmac uxvad uboZa mamulebi da ymebi oqonis eklesias,
romelic Tavs ganididebda mravlis mTqmeli titulaturiT: daviTi
iesian_daviTian_solomonian_pankratiani, afxazTa, ranTa, kaxTa,
SahanSa da SirvanSa, saqarTvelos mpyrobeli xelmwife, mefeT-mefe.
misi bebiis bebia iyo Tamar dedofali, Svilebi _ giorgi da
aleqsandre. mis mier gacemuli sigeliT Tu vimsjelebT, misi moqme-
deba ZiriTadad Sida qarTliT Semoifargleba. pirTa anotirebuli
leqsikoni. XI-XVII ss. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis mixedviT /
gamosacemad moamzades: d. kldiaSvilma, m. surgulaZem, e. cagarei-
Svilma, g. jandierma, Tb., 1991, gv. 267.
mefeTa mefe daviTis vinaobis, misi marTvelobis periodisa da misi
samflobeloebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmulia mravali mosazreba, magram
sakiTxi sabolood ar aris gadawyvetili. ix. kakabaZe s., genialogia
didis aleqsandre mefisa, tf., 1913, gv. 28; kakabaZe s., daviT ucnobi
XIV s. mefe // werilebi da masalebi saqarTvelos istoriidan, w. I,
Tb., 1914, gv. 140; javaxiSvili iv., Txzulebani, t. III, Tb., 1979, gv. 180.
samxreT sqarTvelos istoriis masalebi (XV-XVII ss.). / teqstebis
publikacia, gamokvlevebi da saZieblebi qr. SaraSiZisa, Tb., 1961, gv.
28; odiSeli j., aRmosavleT saqarTvelos politikuri istoriisaTvis
(XIV-XVII ss.) // XIV-XVIII ss. ramdenime qarTuli istoriuli
470
CvenTa giorgi da aleqsandre viguleT vigulismodgineT mas
Jamsa odes saydari oqonisa bebiis bebiasa Cvensa Tamar dedof-
als aReSena qalaqsa gorisasa sanaxebsa daexata da Seemko da
Seewira sofeli xidisTavi...~1. eklesiis arsebobaze gvamcnobs,
agreTve is sigelic, romlis mixedviT. goris oqonis xatis
dekanozs wyalobis sigeli misca svimon I-ma 1582 w. 13 marts2.
oqonis xatis3 1590-1661 wlebSi imereTSi tyveobas saeWvos
xdis f. gorgijaniZe roca ambobs, rom 1599 w. goris cixeSi
datyvevebulma mesxebma oqonis xatze daifices da svimonsac
mosTxoves xatze daficeba, im pirobiT, rom danebebulebs
qarTlis mefe uvneblad gauSvebda4. mefem Seasrula mesxebis
moTxovna. amgvarad, damatebiTi cnobebis aRmoCenamde SeuZ-
lebelia imis Tqma romeli wyaro asaxavs sinamdviles da sad
imyofeboda xati dasaxelebul periodSi.
dokumenti, Tb., 1964, gv. 78; kiknaZe v., saqarTvelo XIV saukuneSi, Tb.,
1989, gv. 38; niniZe d., provinciis mefeebi XIV-XV ss. saqarTveloSi
(bagrationTa sagvareulos istoriisaTvis), Tb., 1995, gv. 59, 60, 73;
alimbaraSvili i., kidev erTi daviT `mefeT-mefis~ ri-giTobisa da
vinaobis sakiTxisaTvis // goris universitetis istoriisa da arqeo-
logiis centri, SromaTa krebuli, #1, Tb., 2011, gv. 12-23.
1 gsiem, #7601/30.
2 gsiem, #192a.
3 T. gogolaZe da Nn. belenko-goderZiSvili varaudoben, rom imer-
eTSi svimon mefes SeiZleba Tan axlda oqonis spilos Zvlis trip-
tiqoni da mefeTa winsasveni jvarcma, rac Cemi azriT saeWvoa. win-
sasveni jvarcmis xatis mTeli odisea dasavleT saqarTveloSi
aisaxa masze warwerebSi, maSin, rodesac triptiqze, mxolod erTi,
evdemon kaTalikozis (1630-1643) warweraa: òqonis xato, Seiwyale
kaTalikozi evdemon uRirsi, amin~. am or xats funqciurad sru-
liad gansxvavebuli datvirTva hqonda. winsasveni xati omSi da
sxva RonisZiebebis dros mefes yovelTvis Tan axlda. winsasveni
xatis daniSnulebaze vrclad vilaparakeb SemdgomSi.
4 gsiem, #165, 169, 220-221.
471
xati òqonis RvTismSoblis~ samkarediani, marcxniv gamosaxulia
RvTismSobeli, SuaSi ieso, marjvniv ioane naTlismcemeli1.
ucilobeli faqtia, rom svimon I-ma imereTSi dakarga oqo-

nis jvarcmis winsatarebeli xati, razec metyvvelebs TviT
xatze gakeTebuli warwerebi. xati dasavleT saqarTveloSi
darCa 1661 wlamde, vidre mas gorSi daabrunebda vaxtang V
Sahnavazi. maS romel xatze daifices mesxebma da svimon mefem?
amasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso mosazreba gamosTqva io-
seb alimbaraSvilma: xati romelzec moxda daficeba, unda
yofiliyo oqonis eklesiis sxva romelime xati2, romelic aseve
oqonis xatad moixsenieboda. erT-erTi oqonis samkarediani
xati, `vedrebis Cini~, romelic specilistebs XVI saukunisad
miaCniaT, amJamad daculia goris istoriul-eTnografiul muze-
umSi3.
1
gsiem 3665.
2 alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis istoriidan, gv. 16-17.
3 bakuraZe T., oqonis samnawiliani xatis restavracia da vizualu-
ri kvleva, gv. 125-130. muzeumSi dazuli, agreTve oqonis eklesiis
saxva xatebic: gsiem 5875 _ xati `RvTismSobeli yrma iesoTi~,
rusuli; gsiem 5881 _ xati àmaRleba qristesi~ Sesrulebulia
bronziT; gsiem 5873 _ xati “gardamoxsna ieso qristesi”
Sesrulebulia xeze; gsiem 5872 _ xati “jvarTamaRlebisa”. gsiem
5891 _ xati “yazanis RvTismSoblisa” marcxniv rusuli warweriT;
gsiem 5892 _ xati “wminda giorgi saswaulmoqmedi”; gsiem 5864/2 _
xati “wminda ninosi” Tavze rusuli warweriT. gsiem 5871 _ xati
472
isic sainteresoa, rom yvela wyaroSi, romelsac gavecaniT,
gorSi oqonis eklesiis ageba Tamar mefes miewereba. mTavar-
episkopos paisios mier garsevaniSvilebisaTvis oqonis ekle-
siis dekanozobaze micemuli sigelis mixedviT, Tamar mefes
goris cixis saydari auSenebia da `Tavisi sasoeba oqonis xati
daesvenebina~1. zemonaTqvamidan gamomdinare, verc z. WiWinaZis
mosazrebas gaviziareb, TiTqos 1755 w. marTlmadideblebis mier
kaTolikeTaTvis warTmeul eklesias ewoda oqonis RvTismSob-
lisa2.
vfiqrob yvela kiTxvas pasuxi gaecema, rodesac oqonis
jvarcmis xatze visaubrebT.
*
romanoz keisris mier ZmisSvilis meuRlis, mefe bagrat IV-
isaTvis oqonis xatis gamogzavnas didi simboluri datvirTva
hqonda im gagebiT, rom radgan miqael mTavarangelozi
imperatorsa da mis jars mfarvelobda, aseve unda yofiliyo
igi bagratisa da misi jaris mfarveli3. sinamdvileSic ase
moxda. mefeTa mfarvelma mTavarangelozma rom Tavisi funqcia
pirdapiri gagebiT namdvilad Seasrula, amis magaliTi Semo-
gvinaxa daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosma, mefe daviTis Tavs
gadaxdenil xifaTTa Sesaxeb moTxrobisas. `kvalad cixesa
romelsame brZodes qarTls, da mefe karsa karvisa TÂsisasa
dga, perangiTa mosili oden, Sua-dRe, da cixiT vinme Semos-
tyorcna isari, da hkra xatsa mTavarangelozisasa, romel eki-
da yelsa, oqrosa mcire, da Zalman saRmrToman ganarina mSvi-
dobiT~4.
“mirqma ieso qristesi”.Sesrulebulia xeze; 9) gsiem 5883 _ xati

“macxovrisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi”; gsiem 5887 _ xati “vladimiris
RvTismSoblisa”; gsiem 5847 _ xati `macxovrisa~ xeze Sesrulebu-
li liTonis perangiT; gsiem 5877 _ xati `nikoloz saswaulmoqme-
di~; gsiem 5898 _ xati ìoane naTlismcemeli mdinaris sanapiro-
ze~, aqvs rusuli warwera; gsiem 5862 _ xati “qristes Soba”, fera-
di saRebavebiT Sesrulebuli.
1 gsiem, #165, 169.
2 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikeTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, gv. 57.
4 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 361-362.
473
arsebuli wyaroebis monacemTa mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, ra
Tqma unda, SeuZlebelia daviT aRmaSeneblis gulsakid mTavar-
angeloz miqaelis xatisa da oqonis xatis gaigiveba1. ar arse-
bobs cnoba, rom oqonis xati rodisme romelime mefes gulze
hkidebodes. cnobili legendebisa da dokumentebis mixedviT,
oqonis xatis saqarTveloSi Camosvenebis Semdeg, dasvenebuli
iyo isnis sasaxlis eklesiaSi, misTvis agebul sof. oqonis
eklesiaSi, goris cixis eklesiaSi, qalaqis teritoriaze oqo-
nis eklesiaSi.
rac Seexeba mTavarangelozis im xats, romelic daviT aRma-
Senebels yelze ekida, araviTari safuZveli ar aris imisaTvis,
rom mis arsebobaSi eWvi SevitanoT. saqme gvaqvs or sxvadasxva
daniSnulebis xatTan. erTi iyo winsasveneბeli mTvarangelozis
gamosaxulebiT, meore ki òqrosa mcire~ aseve mTavarangelo-
zis gamosaxulebiT.
elene dedoflis namziTev xats yovelTvis dekanozi daa-
tarebda mefisa da misi amalis, misi ojaxis wevrebisa da misi
jaris win, an mefisa da dedoflis, an ufliswulis saZi-
nebelSi esvena.
qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi ar aris cnobebi xatis mocu-
lobis an misi siuJetis Sesaxeb. magram, Cemi warmodgeniT, is
unda yofiliyo imdenad didi, rom misi tansacmlis SigniT
tareba SeuZlebeli iqneboda. misi yelze Camokideba da dabla
nawilis xelebiT daWera an welze mimagreba, xatis gaTval-
saCinoebisaTvis, saukeTeso mdgomareoba iqneboda. igi mter-
moyvares unda daenaxa. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac,
rom mefis gulsakidad gaTvaliswinebul xatisaTvos saWiro ar
iqneboda mtvirTveli da dekanozi da, miTumetes eklesia.
ra Tqma unda, qristianul saqarTveloSi, dedofal elenes
mier Camosvenebul xatebamde ukve arsebobda sxvadasxva daniS-
nulebis xatebi, maT Soris gulsakidi, medalionis tipis, miqa-
el mTavarangelozis Zvirfasi liTonebisgan damzadebuli
Weduri an Camosxmuli xatebi. mxolod aseT xati ekideboda gu-
lze mefe daviTs da iman gadaarCina.
1 mesxi T., oqonis xatis raobisa da istoriisaTvis, gv. 46-48.
474
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom qristianuli eklesiis mier mi-
qael mTavarangelozis mimarT Tayvaniscema iwyeba adreuli
qristianobis droidan da qarTuli eklesiac xom qristianuli
samyaros nawili iyo. ase, rom srulebiT normaluria aRmo-
savleT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi oqonis (= mTavar angelozi
miqaelis) ramdenime eklesiis da amave saxelobis xatebis
arseboba.
qarTvel mefeTa `winamZRoli~ oqonis xatijvarcma. (saqarTvelos

xelovnebis muzeumi). zeda nawilis centrSi jvarcmuli qriste,
qvemoT, aseve centrSi mTavarangelozi. karedebze – vaxtang
V-is warwera;
amgvarad, dReisaTvis arsebuli dokumenturi da narati-

uli wyaroebi ar iZleva saSualebas zustad gavarkvioT ras
warmoadgenda goris oqonis is xati, romelic dedofalma
elenem Camoitana, ra iyo masze gamosaxuli, ra masalisagan
iyo nakeTebi. ra Tqma unda, oqonis xati saukuneebis gan-
mavlobaSi ganicdida aRdgena-SekeTebas, ris gamoc mas ecv-
leboda pirvandeli saxe. vfiqrob, yvelaze metad is xati
unda miviCnioT goris oqonis xatad, romelic ori, zeda da
qveda nawilebisgan Sedgeba. zeda nawilis centrs warmoad-
475
gens jvarcmuli qriste, qvemoT ki mTavari personaJi aris
mTavarangelozi. es is xatia, romelic amJamad daculia
saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi. misi Cemeuli aRwera-Sefase-
bisagan Tavs Sevikaveb. es maRal profesiul doneze gaakeTa
eqvTime TayaiSvilma. mxolod imas vityvi, rom is xati ar
SeiZleba bizantiidan iyos Camotanili Tundac erTi martivi
mizezis gamo: xatze ar aris raime miniSneba, arc erTi
berZnuli warwera misi bizantiuri warmoSobis Sesaxeb, maSin
rodesac aris qarTuli warwerebi.
eqvTime TayaiSvils ar SeeZlo gadawyvetiT eTqva, rom is
xati namdvilad elene dedofals bizantiidan mohyva, magram
eWvi ar epareboda, rom is namdvilad is iyo, romelzec lapara-
kobda vaxtang VI Tavis sigelSi. masSi aris erTi uaRresad
mniSvnelovani miniSneba: xats hqonda sanawile. mefe vaxtangi
xats mimarTavs: `movidrekT muÃlTa gulisa gulisa CvenisaTa
da davardebi iatakTa karisa SenisaTa oqonis xato mravalna-
wilo...~.
oqonis xatebidan wmindanebis sanawile aqvs mxolod ze-
moT warmodgenil triptixqs, romelic, rogorc iTqva, dRei-
saTvis daculia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo xelovnebis muzeum-
Si. xats zurgze aqvs sanawile, romelic Sedgeba 80 ujrisgan
da TiToeuli maTgani gankuTvnilia ama Tu im wmindanis nawi-
lisaTvis. maT Soris iyo `samsWvalic uflisa patara oqros
milanqriani svetis msgavss budeSi Casmuli~. nawilebis meore
gverdze aris vercxlis ficari asomTavruli warwerebiT,
romliTac aRniSnulia romeli nawili romel wmindans ekuT-
vnis. mxolod marcxniv darCenilia 11 ujra warweris gareSe,
rac imaze unda miuTiTebdes, rom maSin, rodesac warwerebi
keTdeboda, isini carieli iyo. SemdegSi maTSic moaTavses nawi-
lebi, magram darCnen warwerebis gareSe.
476
centrSi – xatis mTavari `siwminde~ - wmindanTa nawilebi –
asomTavruli warwerebiT; levan II dadianis, giorgi XI-is da
imereTis mefe giorgi II-is warwerebi.
`nawilebis winapirs dafarebuli aqvs mina da minas zemod xati

jvarcmisa oqrosi, amoberviT naWedi, sigZiT eqvsi goji,
siganiT oTxi. xati Tavisis SinaarsiT ganiyofeba or nawilad.
zemo nawilze jvarcmaa warmodgenili sruli Cveulebrivi
àtrimutebiT~, SuaSi jvarcmuli, TavSi orive mxriT an-
gelozebi, aqeT iqiT Sua jvaris nawilisa mze da mTvare,
marjvniv da marcxniv jvarcmulisa ioane da RvTismSobeli,
qvemoT adamis Tavi1 da sxva. qvemo nawilzed xatisa SuaSi
mTavar angelozia gamoxatuli, marjvniv wmida dimitri da mar-
cxniv wmida giorgi. wmida dimitri da wmida gioრgi SeiaraRe-
bulaT arian warmodgenilni ucxenoT. suraTebis maCvenebeli
warwerebi asomTavrulebia. xati mdidraT aris Semosili sxva-
dasxva qvebiT, margalitebiT, zurmuxtebiT, firuzebiT, lale-
1 adamis Tavi simbolurad aRniSnavs golgoTas.
477
biT da sxva, sul 65 Zvirfasi qva uzis, xelovnurad Cawyobili.
medalionis msgavsi simrgvაle SuaSi marcxniv kedriT Zvirfasi
qvebiT Semkobili friad lamazia. sazogadod mTeli xati mSve-
nieri naxelavia da ekuTvnis saukeTeso dros xelovnebisas. es
jvarcmis xati Tavis nawilebiTurT Casvenebulia mozrdil
oqroT daferil vercxlis kuboSi, romlis winapirze gamoxa-
tulia jvari. SuaSi kubo ixsneba Tanaswori karebiT xatis
Casasveneblad. zemoT kubozed mobmulia grZeli da momsxo
vercxlis Zewkvi, romliTac xats jvaris mtvirTveli Camoi-
kidebda yelzed da Zewkvs Semoixovda welzed sartylis msgav-
sad. xati Tavis kuboTi da sabmuliT sakmaod mZimea~1.
safrangeTidan saqarTveloSi daabrunebul oqonis xats, S.
amiranaSvilis gadmocemiT àklia mxolod erTi oboli marga-
liti~2, romelic eq. TayaiSvilis aRwerilobaSi ar aris
aRniSnuli, albaT imitom, rom sazRvargareT waRebis dros ar
aklda.
eq. TayaiSvils xatis uZveles nawilad miaCnda wmindanebis
nawilebi Tavisi saerTo ujriT da varaudobda, rom SeiZle-
boda elene dedofals isini mohyoloda samSoblodan. rac See-
xeboda TviT xats mkvlevars is ueWvelad qarTul naxelavad
miaCnda, magram ar gamoricxavda, rom winaT nawilebs sxva,
bizantiuri xelovnebis xati fareboda, romelic mtrebis mier
gaiZarcva da Cvenamde ver moaRwia.
eq. TayaiSvilma gaSifra yvela is warwera, romlebic oqo-
nis xatsa da mis budes3 amkobdnen. warwerebi gakeTebulia
sxvadsaxva dros da sxvadsxva cnobili pirovnebis _ imereTis
mefe giorgi II-is (1565-1585), levan II dadianis, vaxtang V-is (ori
1 TayaiSvili eq., oqonis xati // iveria, 1900, #231.

2 amiranaSvili s., saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva dros gatanili samu-
zeumo ganZeuloba da mis dabruneba, Tb., 1968, gv. 40.
3 saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumis mecnier muSakis qa-
lbaton elene kavleliSvilis dakvirvebiT, bude Seqmnili unda
iyos XIV saukuneSi ucnobi qarTveli ostatis mier. ix. gogolaZe
T., belenko-goderZiSvili n., oqonis xatisa da jvarcmis isto-
riisaTvis (werili I) // oqona, gv. 39.
478
warwera) da giorgi XI-is mier1. warwerebi Seicavs Zvirfas is-
toriul cnobebs.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs giorgi II-is warwera,
romelSic aris vedreba oqonis xatisadmi: `qriste adide me-
feTa mefe giorgi, dedofalT dedofali rusudan, Ze maTi bag-
rat~. eq. TayaiSvilma yuradReba miaqcia im gareმoebas, rom
radgan rusudan dedofali da ufliswuli bagrati warweris
mixedviT cocxlebi arian (isini gardaicvalnen 1578 w.), ga-
modis, rom warwera ver gakeTdeboda giorgi mefis mier
imereTis samefos gaerTianebuli laSqriT qarTlis darbevis
dros. vaxuSti batoniSvili wers: `kualad giorgi imerTa mefe
sityÂTa faSisaTa mouÃda zemo qarTls, mohyvnen dadiani da
gurieli, ver hpoves xizanni, mowues gaRmarTi da gamoRmarTi
da warvidnen~2. imereTis mefis mier qarTlis dalaSqvra,
vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, moxda 1581 wels.
giorgi II-is warweram eqvTime TayaiSvils afiqrebina, rom
xati daaxloebiT 1565-1578 wlebSi, giorgis gamefebidan deofa-
li rusudanisa da ufliswul bagratis gardacvalebamde peri-
odSi imyofeboda imereTSi. giorgis mefobis sxva periodSi es
ar moxdeboda. SeiZleba SevTanxmdeT, rom warwera faqtia da
misi uaryofa ar moxerxdeba. magram mainc dgeba kiTxva: rodis
da ra viTarebaSi moxda xatis dabruneba gorSi? am kiTxvaze
pasuxi jerjerobiT ar arsebobs. mxolod SeiZleba vivarau-
doT, rom xati daabrunes gorSi 1578-1590 wlebs Soris.
1590 wels qarTlis mefe svimon I-ma dasavleT saqarTveloSi
laSqrobis dros iwinamZRvra goris oqonis xati, magram damar-
cxda, mtvirTveli daiRupa da xati iq darCa. svimon mefis wina-
aRmdeg gamovidnen imereTis mefe rostomi da odiSis mTavari
manuCar I dadiani. savaraudoa, xati dainarCuna am ukanas-
knelma. amaze migviTiTebs, SemdegSi manuCaris Svilis levan II
dadianis mier oqonis xatis budis meore mxares gakeTebuli
warwera: èha Zviruxsenebelo, goneba miuwvdomelo, cisa da
qveynis Semqmnelo, yovlisferisa dambadebelo RmerTo Zeo mac-
xovaro qriste meufeo, jvarcmao oqonisa, romelman movaWe-
1 amiranaSvili s., saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva dros gatanili samuze-
umo ganZeuloba da misi dabruneba, gv. 40.
479
dineT kubo ese vercxliTa Cuen dadianman patronma levan mis
kurTxeulisa Cuenisa ama soflisa Tvalis sanTlisa deoflisa
patronisa nestan darejanisa sulisa saxsrad da saoxad...~
radgan nestan darejani 1640 wels gardaicvala, levan II ki
1657 wels, eq. TayaiSvilis mixedviT, warwera Sesrulebuli
unda iyos dasaxelebul wlebs Soris.
Bbunebrivia, did interess iwvevs vaxtang V Sahnavazis ori
warwera. pirveli, xatis kubos karebze Signidan gakeTebuli
mxedruli warwera unda iyos is, romelSic Sahnavazi ambobs:
`...mindobilman da mosavman wmindisa saxelisa Senisaman Ãelmwi-
feman mefem patronman Sanavaz movaWedineT kubo ese oqrosa mas
Jamsa odes JamTa viTarebisagan datyvevebuli iyo da odiSs
CamoetanaT rodes Cven imereTi da odiSi davipyariT, saqar-
Tvelos samkvidro iyo da saficari, wamovasveneT da Tavisa
samkvidrebelsa taZarSi davasveneT. mis dReSi mefeT win saZRo-
mi da sasoeba da movsWedeT Cven sadRegrZeloda mefobisa
Cvenisa saxsrad da saoxad dResa mas saukunosa sasjelisa amin
q~ks tnÀ da mivabareT dekanozs garsevans rogorc ZvelaTgan
yofil iyo~1. vaxtang mefis warwera Sesrulebulia 1670 wels.
citireebuli warwera, romelic mefe vaxtang V-m mTlianad
Tavis damsaxurebas miuZRvna, albaT, garkveul uxerxulobas
iwvevda misi Svilebis winaSe, radgan oqonis xati mfarveli
iyo ara mxolod mefisa, aramed misi vaJebisac. pirvel warwe-
raSi ki araferia maT Sesaxeb. mefem uxerxuloba imiT gamo-
aswora, rom meore asomTavrul warweraSi is SvilebTan erTad
aris moxseniebuli: `Cven RvTiv gvirgvinosanman da Sen mierve
Zleva mocemulman mefeman Sanavaz meored Sevamke oqonis saxis
kubo ese oqroTaQ Cvenad sadRgrZelod da mefobisa Cvenisa
warsmrTeblad da ZeTa CvenTa aRorZinebad, raTa meox da mfar-
vel gveyos Cven. amen~. es ukanaskneli warwerac, rogorc eq.
TayaiSvili varaudobda, unda gaekeTebinaT 1670 wels.
ar aris cnobili vin daagirava samcxeSi oqonis xati, ris
Sesaxebac mogviTxrobs vaxuSti batoniSvili2. dazustebas moi-
Txovs ioseb alimbaraSvilis varaudi imis Taobaze, rom rad-
1 TayaiSvili e., oqonis xati // iveria, 1900, #231.

2 qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 482.
480
gan xati giorgi XI-m gamoisyida, igi masve unda daegiravebinao1.
giorgi mefe maSin, rodesac is xats gamoisyidis iranis Sahis
samsaxurSia da mas ukve imdeni finansuri SesaZlebloba aqvs,
rom 2 aTasi TumniT daexmaros ierusalimis wminda adgilebs
_ golgoTasa da jvris monasters da gamoisyidos oqonis xat-
ic, romlis dasaxsnelad didZali Tanxa gadaixada. mefem xati
gaugzavna qarTlis janiSin (gamgebel) vaxtangs (SemdegSi vax-
tang VI). movusminoT vaxuSti batoniSvils: `kualad warmog-
zavna xati oqonisa da nawilni da juarni, romeli windad eyo
samcxes da mesxman man mun miuRo yovelni da mefeman mas
mianiWna uzomoni niWni. xolo vaxtangs ra mouTualna nawilni
da xati oqonisa, TTuesa ivlissa l~ ganuwesa dResaswauli~2.
moyvanil citataSi rom ueWvelad goris oqonis xatzea sau-
bari, amaze migvaniSnebs is, rom xati Tavis nawilebianad yofi-
la dagiravebuli. igi Tavisi nawilebiT uklebliv daubrunebia
giorgi mefes.
oqonis xatis daxsnaze unda mogviTxrobdes giorgi XI-is
asomTavruli warwera3, romelic ganTavsebulia budis sisqeze:
`w. RvTisa sityvao, xatisa Senisa ÃsnisaTvis, kacTaTÂs, mimRe-
belo xatisa amisa amis Senisa, trfialebaTa maT mier mamko-
beli, mefeT mefe giorgi, numca viqcevi Sengan sircxÂleuli~.
1677 wlidan `gamuslimanebuli~ giorgi XI-isTvis rom Cveu-
lebrivi iyo qarTuli siwmindeebis dacva da patronoba, amaze
saintereso cnobebi dagvitova ierusalimis patriarqma dosi-
Teos II-m vaxtang VI-saTvis gagzavnil epistoleebSi4. gansaku-
TrebiT sainteresoa giorgi mefis 1681 wlis `wigni es marTali
da WeSmariti, Cuengan mirTmeuli~ dosiTeosisaTvis. masSi Camo-
1 alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis istoriidan, gv. 38-39,

44.
2 qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 482-483.
3 mogvianebiT e. TayaiSvilma Seicvala azri da fiqrobda, rom war-
wera ekuTvnoda giorgi V brwyinvales. Такаишвили Е., Оконский образ
Распятия // Материали пл археологии Кавказа, т. XII, Москва, 1909, с. 117-
131, rasac ewinaaRmdegeba vaxuStis Txzulebidan citirebuli
adgili da TviT xatis warweris Sinaarsi.
4 mamisTvaliშvili e., saqarTvelo-ieრusalimis urTierTobis
istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), Tb., 2008. gv. 207, 225, 226.
481
Tvlilia is Tanxebi da saqoneli, romelic ierusalimis patri-
arqisaTvis unda gadaecaT ierusalimis qarTuli monastrebis
valebis dasafarad1. giorgi mefes arc SemdegSi dauklia yura-
dReba ierusalimis qarTuli siwmindeეbisaTvis. man 1684 w.
`wargzavna ierusalims ori aTasi Tumani golgoTisa da jua-
risa monastrisa da sxuani mravalni Sesamkoni maTni~2. dosi-
Teosi kmayofili unda yofiliyo giorgi mefis mier 1699 (?)
wlis axlo xanebSi misi Zmiwulis, domentis (SemdgomSi kaTa-
likosi domenti IV) xeliT `movaleebisagan datyvevebuli
jvris monastris dasaxsneli Sesawiravis~ gagzavniT3. ase rom
mefe giorgi XI-isaTvis Cveulebrivi iyo qarTul siwmindeebze
zrunva. man uyuradRebod ar datova qarTuli kulturis ge-
nialuri Zegli. misi brZanebiT 1680 wels, begTabeg TaniSvilma
gadawera da lamazad gaaforma `vefxistyaosani~4.
giorgi XI-is warweris bolo fraza, romliTac igi oqonis
xats SesTxovs: `numca viqcevi Sengan sircxÂleuli~, ar niSnavs
imas, rom mas scxvenia imis gamo, rom odesRac xati daagirava5.
mas awuxebda is, rom politikuri mosazrebiT gamuslimanda.
vfiqrob, warweris zusti daTariRebac SeiZleba.
Sah suleimanma, rogorc iTqva, 1677 wels giorgi mefe
gaamuslimana, Sahnavaz-xani uwoda da qarTlis mefed daniSna.
amis Semdeg gaakeTa yvela is saqristiano saqme giorgi mefem,
romlebic zemoT CamovTvale. rodesac Sahma huseinma giorgis
spasalaroba da yandaaris beglarbegoba uboZa da avRanelebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis meTauroba daavala, giorgim Tavis Zmis-
Svilis, vaxtang levanis Zis qarTlis janiSinad daniSvna
moiTxova. mefis Txovna Seiwynares da vaxtangi qarTlSi gamo-
gzavnes 1703 wels. TviTon giorgi ki amis Semdeg male avRRa-
neTSi movaleobis Sesrulebas Seudga. am wels mefe giorgim
1 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, Тифлис, 1866,

с. 26-27; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis
istoriidan, gv. 200-201.
2 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv 282.
3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi. XVII-XIX ss., Tb., 1980, gv. 45.
4 amiranaSvili S, saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva dros gatanili samu-
zeumo ganZeuloba da mis dabruneba, gv. 14, 16.
5 alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis istoriidan, gv. 38-39.
482
janiSin vaxtangs `mouTualna nawilni da xati oqonisa~. maSa-
sadame, vaxuSti batoniSvilis Tanaxmad, giorgi mefem vaxtangs
iranidan ki ar gamougzavna, aramed piradad 1703 wels iranSi
`miuTvalna~ (miakuTvna) xati da, bunebrivia, warwerac, imave
dros iqve gaukeTes.
oqonis sawinamZRvro jvarcmis xatis Semdgomi Tavgadasava-
li aseTi iyo: 1724 wels vaxtang VI-m ruseTSi waasvena. misi
gardacvalebis Semdeg xati darCa batoniSvil giorgis, Semdeg
memkvdreobiT gadavida baqar vaxtangis Zis STamomaval grafi-
nia tolstoize, romelmac Tavis mxriv saqarTveloSi gadasca
cnobil sasuliero moRvawes, sabawmindis dedaTa savanis1 iRu-
menia nina amilaxvars (1815-1904), romelic 39 wlis ganmavlobaSi
xelmZRvanelobda am monasters. gardacvalebis win man xati
uanderZa Tavis naTesavs n. aleqsi-mesxiSvils. rogorc varau-
doben xati 1904-1921 wlebSi saqarTvelos saistorio saeTnog-
rafio sazogadoebis sakuTreba unda yofiliyo2, saidanac 1921
wels sxva qarTul ganZTan erTad waiRes safrangeTSi. 1945 we-
ls ganZeulis saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg goris oqonis
xati, S. amiranaSvilis mixedviT, gamoiyureboda Semdegnairad:
òqros xati (karedi), oqonis macxovari~ jvarcmis, ioane naT-
lismcemlis, wm. giorgisa da wm. dimitris gamosaxulebebiT. Se-
mkulia Zvirfasi TvlebiTa da margalitebiT, aklia mxolod
erTi oboli margaliti. xati dasvenebulia oqroskarebian ku-
boSi. SigniT moTavsebulia wmidanTa nawilebi, minaqrisa da oq-
ros calkeuli SemkulobebiT~3
oqonis winsaZRolma jvarcmis xatma samudamo bina daido
Tbilisis xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi4.
1 sabawminda, sofeli cxinvalis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi 4 km daSorebiT,

Zalian axlos sof. xeiTTan. dReisaTvis monasterი mTlianad dang-
reulia. megreliZe i., siZveleebi liaxvis xeobaSi, Tb., 1984, gv. 58-
71.
2 metreveli r., saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazoga-
doeba, Tb., 1964.
3 amiranaSvili s., saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva dros gatanili samuze-
umo ganZeuloba da misi dabruneba, gv. 40.
4 vrclad ix. alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis isto-
riidan, gv. 45-48.
483
oqonis eklesiis lokalizaciisaTvis
oqonis xatis davanebis eklesia aRiniSneboda orgvarad: 1.

XVIII saukunis 20-an wlebamde _ goris oqonis eklesia, an mefis
sasaxle, erTsa da imave dros; 2. imave saukunis 20-iani wle-
bidan goris oqonis RvTismSoblis an RvTismSoblis miZinebis
eklesiebi. did sirTulesTan gvaqvs saqme dasaxelebuli ekle-
siebis adgilmdebareobs dadgenis TvalsazrisiTac.
1802 wlis goris gegmaze arasworad aris aRniSnuli RvTis-
mSoblis eklesia. ise gamodis, TiTqos igi mdebareobda cixis
samxreT-aRmosavleT ferdobze, cixis qveda galavnis karTan, iq
sadac dRes SemorCenilia eklesiis nangrevebi. XIX saukunis
dasawyisSi Sedgenili `План г. Гори с окрестностями~1 mixedviT,
xandazmuli gorelebis TqmiT da sxva zusti monacemebiT, is
mdebareobda daaxloebiT im adgilas sadac amJamad axali oqo-
nis taZari Sendeba.
dadgenili ar aris Zveli oqonis eklesiis daarsebis weli.
d. baqraZes, p. uvarovas da m. janaSvils miaCndaT, rom oqonis
RvTismSoblis eklesia aSenda XVII saukuneSi. magram razea
damyarebuli es mosazreba, qvemoT vityvi. imisaTvis, raTa
gasagebi gaxdes am eklesiis agebis mizezi, moviyvan oqonis
xatTan dakavSirebul Tqmulebas, romelic sakmaod srulad
aris gadmocemuli vaxtang VI-is mier garsevaniSvilebisaTvis
micemul or gujarSi: erTi 1708 wlisaa, romelic rusulad
gamoaqveyna d. furcelaZem2. igi Sesulia `qronikebis~ III tom-
Sic. meore gujari uTariRoa da daculia goris saxelmwifo
istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi.
Cvenamde moRweuli dokumentebidan, pirveli, romelSic
aRniSnulia goris oqonis eklesiis daarsebis Sesaxeb, aris
ìesian daviTian solomonian pankratovan afxazTa ranTa kaxTa
Saa da Sirvan da saqarTvelos~ mpyrobeli da xelmwife, mefeT
mefe daviTis da misi Zenis _ giorgi da aleqsandres _ sigeli.
mefisa da misi ojaxis sigelidan vigebT, rom maT goris oqo-
nis saydars Seswires ymebi da maTi qoneba, rom `saydari oqo-
1 gsiem, #162.
2 Дворянские грамоты, c. 13-14.
484
nis bebiis bebiasa Cvensa Tamar dedofals aReSena qalaqsa
gorisasa sanaxebsa daexatna da Seemko~.
ymebi da mamulebi, romlebic mefe daviTma da misma vaJe-
bma oqonis saydars daumtkices (1382. 30. 06), sinamdvileSi maTi
winaprebis mier iyo Sewiruli. amgvarad, daviTi da mis vaJebi
Sewirulobis sabuTis mxolod ganmaaxleblebi arian. sainte-
resoa, rom sigelSi ar Cans saydrisa da xatis dekanozi, e.i.
konkretuli pirovneba visac gadaeca sigeli. mxolod naTqva-
mia, rom `damamtkicebelni amisni R(mer)T(ma)n akurTxos da wmi-
daman R(v)TismSobelman da xatman oqonisaman a(mi)n~1.
citirebuli sigelis mixedviT, XIV saukuneSi gorSi isev
arsebobs Tamar mefis mier oqonis xatisaTvis agebuli, daxa-
tuli da Semkuli eklesia. magram ar aris miTiTebuli konkre-
tulad qalaqis romel adgilze mdebareobda.
zustad ori saukunis Semdeg, qarTlis mefe svimon I-ma,
oqonis xatis dekanozoba ganuaxla da daumkvidra Tavisi karis
dekanozs filimonsa da mis STamomavalT. `ra rigadac amas
winaT an xatisaTvis gemsaxuros da an CuenTvis aweca isreve
erdgulaT Cuen gvamsaxuroT ese Cuengan naboZvari ara moge-
Salos... gqondes... goris cixisa da oqonis xatis dekanozoba da
sadekanozoba~-o wers svimon mefe2.
oqonis taZris lokalizaciisaTvis XVIII s. dasawyisSi mniS-
vnelovania patriarq domenti IV-is sigeli, romelic TariRdeba
TviT patriaqis zeobis wlebiT (1705-1741). `q. yovlisa
saqarTvelos patriarqis batoniSvilis domentis keTilad sax-
senebelo da araodes ar dasaviwyaro vinc gorelni qristia-
neni iyuneT mravali mokiTxva da Cuen mieri locva-kurTxeva
mogvixsenebia. mere, es xom Tqvenc iciT da Cvenc kargad
mogvexsenebis, ra gors sul brwyinvales, mefe Tamar goraze
saydari auSenebia Tavisis sasoebis oqonis xatisa, uwin mand
sofeli ara yofila. ese garsevaniSvilebi dausaxlebia. mas
aqeT ra aSenebula eg qveyana amaTi saxelo yofila arca vin
scilebia. aras Ãelmwifessa da efiskopozs ar mouSlia. qone-
bia da aqvs axla. vinc uamisod da amis uneburad manda an
swiros, an mkvdari damarxos, an imoZRros Cuengan SeCvenebuli
1 gsiem, #7601/30, gv.1-3.
2 gsiem, # 190a. A
485
iyos. Cven amas sxvas kacs ver SevacilebT rogorc mtkiced
qoniaT Cvenc agreve dagvimtkicebia~1.
patriarqi domenti IV-is sigeli gorelebisadmi imis maC-
venebelia, rom: 1. oqonis eklesia XVIII s. dasawyisSi jer kidev
citadelSia; 2. sigelis paTosi mafiqrebinebs, rom igi patri-
arqma qalaqSi Seqmnili viTarebis gamo garsevaniSvilebis moT-
xovniT Seadgina. am meore momentis Sesaxeb SeiZleba is iTqvas,
rom garsevaniSvilebs oqonis eklesiasa da mis qonebaSi sxva
gvaris pirovneba an pirovnebaTa jgufi ecileba. aseTi dapiris-
pirebis amsaxvali sabuTebi sakmaod gvaqvs XVIII s. meore da
XIX saukunis pirveli naxevridan, romlebsac qvemoT gavecnobiT.
kaTalikos-patriarq domentis sxva sigelSi, romelic gane-
kuTvneba 1727-1728 wlebs, erT-erTi garsevaniSvili `karisa go-
risa da oqonis xatis~ deknozia da mas umtkicebs yvelafers
rac `karisa Tu, goris, Tu oqonis samkvidrod~ hqonda.
amgvarad, vaxtang VI-is gujarSi laparakia elene dedof-
lis mier mziTevSi motanil or xatze: erTia oqonis saxeliT
cnobili, romelzec, T. mesxis azriT, gamosaxuli unda yofi-
liyo mTavarangelozi miqaeli, ris damadasturebeli araviTari
sabuTi ar gagavaCnia. rac Seexeba meore, aseve oqonuri warmoS-
obis xats, yvelaferi garkveulia, is ikoniaSi iyo damzade-
buli, magram is aris RvTismSoblis saxelobis.
al. garsevaniSvilis mixedviT, oqonis xati bagrat IV-dan
Tamar mefemde didi pativiT esvena TbilisSi, isnis sasaxlis
eklesiaSi. mefe Tamarma gorSi gadmosvenebuli oqonis xati
Tavdapirvelad goris cixeSi RvTismSoblis eklesaiSi daas-
vena, SemdegSi, rodesac am xatisaTvis aaSenes eklesia, àRdgo-
mis mesame dResa~ gadmousvenebiaT oqonaSi.
sainteresoa, rom arc erT dokumentsa da naratiul wya-
roSi ar aris aRniSnuli vin an ra iyo gamosaxuli goris oqo-
nis xatze, romelic am zogadi saxeliT iyo cnobili. mxolod
es ori xati, romelTa warmomavloba sayovelTaod iyo
cnobili, zogjer erT eklesiaSi iyo dasvenebuli da eklesiac
orive xatis saxeliT moixsenieboda _ oqonis-RvTismSoblis.
pirvelSi igulisxmeboda sakuTriv oqonis (davuSvaT, miqel
1 gsiem, #146.
486
mTavarangelozis, rogorc gvTavazobs T. mesxi) saxelobis xati
da meoreSi ki, oqonuri warmoSobis RvTismSoblis xati.
roca dokumentebSi laparakia oqonis xatze, Cemi dakvi-
rvebiT, igulisxmeba oqonis eklesia, amave saxelobis xatiT da
ara is xati, romelic sxva romelime wmindanis taZarSia dasve-
nebuli. sxvanairad, rogor gavigoT, rom mefe Tamarma dekanoz
garsevans uboZa oqonis xati da goris RvTismSoblis, oqonis
xatisa da cixis eklesiebis mcveloba1.
qarTuli saistorio tradicia Tamar mefes miawers oqonis xatis
taZris aSenebas goris centrSi aRmarTul kldeze, e. w. tonTioze.
XIV saukunis ukanasknel mexuTedSi, rogorc dokumentidan
Cans, gorSi jer kidev arsebobs Tamar mefis mier oqonis
xatisaTvis agebuli, daxatuli da Semkuli eklesia, magram ar
aris miTiTebuli konkretulad sad mdebareobda igi.
svimon I-is sigelSi naTlad Cans, rom oqonis eklesia
goris cixeSia. 1582 wels mefe svimoni mimarTavs garsevaniS-
vilebs: `dagimkvidreT karisa Cvenisa da oqonis xatis deka-
nozoba... goris, cixisa da oqonis xatis dekanozoba~.
mTavarepiskopos nikolaozis 1669 wlis gujari gviCvenebs:
miuxedavad imisa, rom oqonis xatis mamuli qalaqis terito-
riazea, taZari kvlav citadelSi mdebareobda
patriarq domenti IV-is drosac, XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi,
oqonis taZari citadelSi mdebareobda.
oqonis eklesia fasadi da interieri

(miaxloebiTi aRwera)
Tamar dedofalma aaSena gorSi pirveli taZari oqonisa,
romelic moaxatvina da Seamko kidec2.
1603 w. oqonis dekanozma markozma taZars auSena samreklo3.
XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevris saeklesio moRvawem iese
garsevaniSvilma oqonis eklesias gaukeTa kankeli, aRadgina
1 movusminoT eqvTime TayaiSvils: `sazogadod miRebulia azri, rom

Zveli xati oqonis monastrisa, elene dedofals moyolili saber-
ZneTiT, daculia qalaq goris patara eklesiaSi~. TayaiSvili e.,
oqonis xati // iveria, 1900, #231.
2 gsiem, #7601/30, gv. 1-3.
3 gsiem, #167.
487
markozis mier aSenebuli samreklo. `da odes (iese –e.m.) garda-
icvala, daefla piris pir xatisa oqoniisa, misve ekklesiasa
Sina~1.
ramdenadac XVIII saukunis meore naxevridan ukve Znelia
oqonisa da RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesiebis erTmaneTisgan
gancalkeveba da xSirad isini sxvadasxva konteqstSi erTi
eklesiis saxiT warmoCindeba, amitom is cnobebi, romlebSic
mxolod RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklasiazea laparaki unda
exebodes oqonasac. aRniSnulidan gamomdimare ase unda gavi-
goT iese garsevaniSvilis egzarqos evsevisaTvis mirTmeul
TxovnaSi (1861 w. 10 marti) CamoTvlili is sikeTe, rac mas
dasaxelebuli eklesiisaTvis gaukeTebia: iesem Tavisi mcdelo-
biTa da fuliT eklesias Semoavlo qvis kedeli, Zvel eklesias
miuSena qvis stoa, romelSic Tavsdeboda 200-mde adamiani;
stoas win da ukan gaukeTa karebi da gaTlili qvis kibeebi;
stoasa da eklesiaSi daago gamomwvari aguri; gadaxura stoa.
iesem Tavisive fuliT iyida vercxlis sakmeveli 75 maneTad
Rirebuli, 3 jvari, erTi spilenZis sakmeveli, 2 spilenZis
embazi, vercxlis Tasi, romelSic gadaixada 50 man., ori wyvili
Sesamoseli Zvirfasi qsovilis da mravali sxva Zvirfasi
nivTebi. man aseve Tavisi fuliT vercxliT Seamkobina saxareba
da Seswira eklesias; Tavisi xarjiT SeakeTa kankeli da daago
gaTlili qva. manve Seswira eklesia 40 vercxlis maneTad
Rirebuli zari da sxv. 2
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos ieses mier gakeTebul iseTi

mniSvnelovani saqme rogoric iyo misi xarjiT oqonis xatis
mooqrouli vercxliT moWedva. ieses am keTilSobiluri sasu-
liero saqmis sisruleSi moyvanisaTvis mouwia egzarqatis biu-
rokratiuli aparatis mier Seqmnili dabrkolebebis gadalaxva.
iese 1863 wlis 8 ivniss qarTlisa da kaxeTis arqiepi-
skoposis, saqarTvelos egzarqosis evsevisadmi mimarTvaSi oqo-
nis xatis vercxliT Semkobisa da Semdeg mooqrovis Sesaxeb,
aRniSnavs, rom is didi xnis ganmavlobaSi fiqrobda oqonis
xatis moWedvas Tavisi xarjiT, ris Sesaxebac 1858 wlis 12 ma-
rts moxsenebiTi baraTi warudgina saqarTvelos yofil egzar-
1 iqve.
2 iqve, #7602/1003.
488
qozs mitropolit isidores, rasac mohyva misi 31 martis
rezolucia, rom ieses mzad hqoneboda saWiro Tanxa Canafiqris
gansaxorcieleblad. miuxedavad amisa is yovelTvis awydeboda
winaaRmdegobas. gulgatexili iese wers: `mTeli suliT mindo-
da aRmesrulebina meufe isidoresTvis micemuli aRTqma da
gamzadebulic mqonda 100 maneTi vercxliT. umdablesad gTxovT
ubrZanoT visac gnebavT saswaulmoqmedi oqonis xati moWedos
vercxliT da moaqrovos~1.
imave sakiTxis gamo iese 1863 wlis 20 agvistos mimarTavda
mRvdel besarion TavdgiriZes. iese daxmarebas iTxovda oqonis
xatisaTvis vercxlis damzadebis saqmeSi2. zemoT ukve aRiniSna,
rom iesem marTalia ganzraxva sisruleSi moiyvana, magram imave
wels is eklesiidan gaaZeves da Rvdelmsaxureba aukrZales.
oqonis xatTan dakavSirebiT ieses sxva Canafiqric hqonda.
misi survili iyo SeWedil oqonis xatis zurgze gakeTebuliyo
Semdegi warwera:
siCoiT CemiT, Cemo mfarav damcavo,
esTa mterTaca, arodesRa veSiSvi,
Sen macxovrisagan, Cemis nugeSeulo,
ubiwvos meSvis, Senis oxiT mZlevani,
naTlismcemelisac, esTave ÃvaiSnobiT.
Sesawiravi, ese da knini,
SeviwirenRa uxuebr damjildoebman.
suliT da ÃorciT, uSurv da urulodca
gansacdis Sorsve, Cemgcan ukunmcevelo,
myovar ganagrZobde wyalobas Sensa Cemdami~3.
leqsi dawerili unda iyos 1860-iani wlebis dasawyisSi,
rodesac iese xatis SeWedvas cdilobda. amaze miuTiTebs le-
qsis Tაvze warwera: `zurgze daiweros SeWedvis Semdgomo~. mag-
ram ieses miZRvna oqonis xatebad cnobil arc erTze ar aris.
savaraudoa iesem veRar moaswro ganzraxvis asruleba radgan
1 gsiem,@#7602/99.
2 iqve, #7602/304.
3 leqsi pirvelad gamoaqveyna al. გarsevaniSvilma Tavis cnobil
statiaSi mravali SecdomiT. sxva mkvlevrebma misgan gadaiRes da,
bunebrivia Secdomebic gadavida. saSualeba mqonda gavcnobodi
ieses xelnawers (gsiem, #7602/728) da publicirebul teqstSi
Secdomebi gamesworebina.
489
mas mRvdelmsaxureba aukrZales da xatze miwvdoma aRar
hqonda. ieses warwera rom gaekeTebina, dRes saZiebeli aRar
iqneboda, romeli xati iyo miCneuli oqonisad, Tundac XIX sa-
ukuneSi mainc.
oqonis samkarediani xatis _ deisusis aRwera Semogvinaxa

giorgi saZagliSvilma, saqarTvelos momavalma kaTalikos-pat-
riarqma kirion II-m, romelic kargad icnobda goris siw-
mindeebs. is jer goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi swavlobda,
Semdeg amave saswavleblis pedagogi da 1900-1902 wlebSi ki
goris episkoposi iyo. misi gadmocemiT `deisusi, macxovrisa da
490
RvTismSoblis gamosaxulebiT, wminda nawilebiT, Casmulia ver-
cxlis budeSi. RvTismSobeli gamosaxulia daxrili TaviT,
wels zeviT. xati daxatulia ficarze, siganiT 42/8 verSokia,
xolo sigrZiT 52/8~1. es restavrirebuli xati, rogorc iTqva,
daculia goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi.
1
Садзагелов-Ивериели Г., Исторический очерк Оконской чудотворной иконы
Божией Матери, находящейся в Горийской Оконской Богородиной Церкви //
Пастир, 30. 08. 1890 г., № 14-15, с. 12-13; alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebi-
sa da taZrebis istoriidan, gv. 27.
491
taZris safuZvliani rekonstruqcia daiwyo 1882 wlidan da
gagrZelda sakmaod did xans. oqonis taZarTan dakavSirebiT
gvaqvs erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli informacia. giorgi saZag-
liSvilis mixedviT igi daangries da mis adgilas axali
taZari aaSenes1. 1895 wels ki gazeTi `kvali~ iuwyeboda: `q.
gorSi aris erTi Zveli oqonis xatis eklesia, aSenebuli ne-
tar-xsenebul saqarTvelos dedoflis Tamaris dros. es ekle-
sia aSenda yovlad wminda RvTis mSoblis miZinebis saxelze. aq
asvenia Zalian Zveli oqonis xati _ samkariani: SuaSi gamo-
1 iqve, 15. 07. 1890 г., № 12-13, с. 20-22.
492
saxulia ieso qriste, romlis erTi mxriT RvTis mSobelia,
meoreTi ki ioane naTlismcemeli... es eklesia iyo patara da
metad daZvelebuli JamTa viTarebisagan. 1882 wels xelmeored
SeakeTes da gaaZlieres igi...~1
rogorc Cans, eklesiis saremonto samuSaoebi sakmaod did

xans gagrZelda, 1895 wlisaTvis taZarSi jer kidev ar iyo
gamarTuli qvis iataki, ar iyo moxatuli da sxvac bevri ram
aklda. imave anonimi korespondentis mixedviT, am saqmeSi gansa-
1 gaz. `kvali~, 20. 08. 1895, #86.
493
kuTrebulad iRvawa da mdgomareoba gamoaswora kidec 1892 we-
ls oqonis dekanozad daniSnulma grigol RambaraSvilma. 1898
wlisTvis taZari ukve dasrulebuli iyo1.
1898 wels Camoyalibebuli oqonis eklesiis rusuli gundi
*
gorelebis umTavresi dResaswauli oqonoba iyo, romelic
XII s. 80-ian wlebidan iRebda saTaves. al. garsevaniSvili mogv-
iTxrobs: `garsevan dekanozma welsa 1189 daawesa dResaswaulni
goris RvTis-mSoblisa, mesames, xolo oqoniis ekklesiis xa-
tisa, meore dRes, Semdgom brwyinvale qristes aRdgomisa, imis
mizezisaT, romel im ekklesiebSi xatni dausvenebiaT am dRe-
ebSi, Tumc dResaswaulni RvTismSoblis Sobisa da miZinebis
modian: pirveli, rvas enkenisTves da meore, aT xuTmet maria-
mobisTveSi. im dRidam dawesebulni dReobani orTa maT ekle-
sias dResac aResrulebian, aRdgomis meore dRes, orSabaTs
1 gaz. `kvali~, 25. 04. 1898. ix. agreTve, alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xate-
bisa da taZrebis istoriidan, gv. 79-81
494
oqoniis xatSi da mesame dRes goris RvTismSobelSi, sadac
Seikribebian mravlis mxridam da nametnavad goridam xalxni
sxva da sxva sarwmunoebisani, Tayvanis sacemelad, romelnime
imaTgani aRsruleben virgiliasac (RamisTevas) da ukeTu
sneuli vinme Sevals da sarwmunoebiT Seevedrebis, mswraflad
ganikurnebis friad saswaul-moqmedTa oqoniis xatis da goris
RvTismSoblis xatisagan~1. vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT
òqonobis~ dResaswaulad gorSi 30 ivlisi dauwesebia mefe
giorgi XI-s. òqonobis~ zeimi Sewyda komunisturi reJimis
dros. mxolod 2003 wels mitropoliti andrias (gvazava) Za-
lisxmeviT dResaswaulad dadginda da aRdgomis mesame dRes
aRiniSneba.
oqonis eklesiis qoneba da misi dekanozis

ufleba-movaleobebi
oqonis eklesia saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod didi ma-

mulebis, ymebisa da sxva qonebis mflobeli iyo. dReisaTvis
cnobili pirveli sigeli, romelSic CamoTvlilia oqonis ek-
lesiis mamulebi da ymebi, aris daviT mefis2 mier gacemuli
1382 w. gujari. oqonis eklesias ekuTvnoda: `sofeli xidisTavi
gaRma gamoRma samZRvriTa. amiT faris jvaris wveri ram xeva-
mdis mas damarTebiT zemoT wiTeli klde mas dapirispir qaTa-
mauris bolomdin, kimkimauris pirpispir dids rusxmulamdin
rusxmulis dapirispirebiT kodaT xevamdin. amisiTa ruTa,
wyliTa, miwiTa da WaliTa. mogvixsenebia da Segviwiravs xatisa
oqonisaTvis zemo rexas aTi sakomlo, misiTa ruTa, mamuliTa,
miwiTa, sawisqviloTa, sasaflaoTa da samZRvriTa da samnebiTa
yovlis kacisgan moudevari da Semoucilebeli. agreve garej-
vars lomsaT ubani misiTa wyliTa, ruTa da samZRvriTa da
samnebiTa... amiT zeiT Tamar dedoflis rumdin qvemoT rexis
fSanamdin... ruis umekasSvili misiTa mamuliTa ruTa, miwiTa,
eklesiis kariTa da orisaTave venaxebi saxaso Tqven karzeda
isinive SeimuSavebdnen. atens mamuli erTi CauCiyaZisa gamoi-
Rebdes litrasa zeTsa da oTxsa ZRvensa da samsaxuri. agreve
1
gsiem, #162; `ciskari~, 1867, #2, gv. 10.
2
gsiem, #7601/30.
495
gors vaWarni eqvsni maTiTa saxl-kariTa, WurmarniTa da qul-
baqiTa. diRuams Tavisi TeTraZeni giuna, mamisimedi zosime da
xucesi ioane maTiTa mamuliTa saxnaviTa, ruTa, mTiTa, bariTa,
sasaflaoTa yiduliTa da usyideliTa mogvirTmevia da Semog-
viwiravs xatisa oqonisaTvis da pirisa RTisaTvis...~1
sigeli warmoadgens winamorbed mefeTa mier oqonis xa-
tisaTvis miniWebuli privilegiebisa da dasaxelebuli mamule-
bis Sewirulobis ganaxlebis dokuments. radgan ufro adrin-
deli sxva sabuTi ar gagvaCnia, Znelia dadgindes sigelSi Camo-
Tvlili privilegiebi zustad meordeba Tu daviT mefem raime
cvlileba Seitana masSi. CamoTvlilia oqonis xatis dekanozis
uleba-movaleobebi, kerZod: 1) daviT mefe pirobas debs, rom
TviTonac da mis Semdgomi mefeebic da qveynis patronebic unda
emsaxurebodnen oqonis xats; 2) ar unda eTxoვebodes oqonis ek-
lesias samefo da sadedoflo gadasaxadebi; 3) mefis verc erTi
moxele ver Sevides taZarSi raime moTxovniT. dasasruls,
mefes mxolod erTi Txovna aqvs: àwe Tvinier amis Cvenis
garigebulsa saydarsa z(ed)a iyveniT yovelTa didmarxvaTa da
sulis marxvaTa sulisa CvenisaTvis Jamsa swirevden mefeTaTvis
ilocvidiT...~2
mariam dedoflis 1655 wlis e. w. `sadekanozo wigni~ _
sigeli ar aRniSnavs romeli gvaris warmomadgenelia is pirov-
neba, romelsac sigeli gadaecema. sigelSi mxolod misi saxeli
_ mamuka weria. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa is, rom oqonis
xatis dekanozs dedofali goris mouraobasac umtkicebs. igi
wers: `q. Cuen, dedofalTa dedofalma patronma mariam, asulma
dadianisma ese sadekanozo wigni gagisinjeT Sen oqonis xatis
dekanozis Svils mamukas da SenTa asre rome ZveliTgan
samkvidro Tqueni yofiliyo oqonis xatis dekanozoba Segiwya-
leT da Cuenca giboZeT yovlis kacis ucileblad goris
mouraoba ... da erTobilno gorelno Tquenca ase daumkvidreT
rarigaca am Zvels sigelSi eweros wyeul, krul da SeCvene-
bulmca ars dausabamo da R~Tisagan ... oqonis xatis dekano-
1 gsiem, #7601/30.
2 iqve.
496
zoba mouSalos da an Cuenis saydridame is xati sxvagan sadme
waiRos da sxvagan daasvenos q(roni)k(on)sa tmg~1.
specialurad Seviswavle goris mouravis saxelo da, Semi-
Zlia vTqva, rom amilaxvrebs uwyvetliv ekavaT es Semosavliani
saxelo XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi. ar yofila SemTxveva, rom rome-
lime amilaxvari, oqonis dekanozi da imave dros goris mou-
ravi yofiliyos. sigelis daweris dros goris mouravi iyo
anduyafar (II) amilaxvari (1649-1656).
mamuka gardacvlili mamis Tanamdebobas, dekanozobas ika-
vebs. mas goris mouravoba ar hqonda. dedofalma mamukas, al-
baT garkveuli damsaxurebis gamo mouravobac uboZa. sayurad-
Reboa, rom mamuka ar figurirebs arc garsevaniSvilebis sagva-
reulo nusxaSi, rac kidev ufro sagulisxmos xdis, rom is am
gvaris warmomadgeneli ar iyo.
vfiqrob, goris mouravobaSi mxolod goris eklesiebis da
maTi ymebisa da mamulebis mouravoba igulisxmeba. mamuka, anga-
riSvaldebuli iqneboda dedoflis winaSe, rac kidev met
kiTxvis niSans aCens, kerZod ki, ratom unda daeniSna dedofal
mariams goris eklesiebis mouravi (Tu es ukanaskneli marTla
am Tanamdebobas aRniSnavda) kaTalikos-patriarqis an samTav-
rosa da goris eparqiis meTauris gverdis avliT? am kiTxvaze
pasuxi ver moxerxdeba, vidre damatebiTi sakontrolo masala
ar iqneba.
ramdenime wlis Semdeg (1669 w.) mTavarepiskoposi nikolaozi
Tavis sigelSi aRniSnavs, rom gorelma moqalaqeebma elizbarma
da misma Svilma giorgim `saTemo gzaSi~ kedeli Cadges, ris
gamoc gzam oqonis xatis mamulSi gadainacvla. radgan saqme
exeboda saeklesio qonebis xelyofas, saqmis garCeva moxda mTa-
varepiskoposi nikolozisa da mamasaxlisi goderZas monawile-
obiT. dava kompromisiT dasrulda: elizbarsa da mis Svils
kedeli ar daangrevines, samagierod, maT valdebuleba ikisres:
`rome marxva dadges weliwadSi TviTo litra zeTi moarTvas
oqonis xatsa ocis stiliTa~2. gamodis, rom zeTi unda mieba-
rebinaT oqonis xatis dekanoz markozisaTvis, romelic garse-
vaniSvilebis genialogiis xeSi dekanozad moixsenieba 1611-1631
1 gsiem, #190g.
2 gsiem, #152.
497
wlebSi, rac simarTles ar unda Seeferebodes. dokumentis
mixedviT is XVII s. meore naxevarSi unda yofiliyo oqonis
xatis dekanozad.
rogorc dokumentidan Cans, miuxedavad imisa, rom oqonis
xatis mamuli qalaqis teritoriazea, TviT taZari kvlav cita-
delSia.
1382 wlis sigelSi CamoTvlili mamulebi daumtkica oqonis
eklesias vaxtang VI-m 1725 wels1.
gorSi ramdenime marTlmadidebluri eklesia iyo, magram
mTavarepiskoposma besarionma oqonis eklesiis mRvdlebs 1722 w.
didi upiratesoba mianiWa da brZana:LgorSi `rac xizania da me-
mkvidre oqonis mRvdlebma unda uxucon~-o2.
oqonis eklesias miwebi hqonda q. gorSic3.
oqonis eklesia didi privilegiebiT sargeblobda. 1382 w.
gujari oqonis eklesias aTavisuflebs yovelgvari gadasaxa-
disa da samsaxurisgan4. Semdgomi periodis mraval sigel-guja-
rSi vxvdebiT oqonis eklesiis dekanozebis _ garsevaniSvilebi-
saTvis miniWebul privilegiebs.
garsevaniSvilebis gvaris warmomadgenelTa damsaxurebam
samefo karisa da mefis ojaxis winaSe, garkveuli roli iTama-
Sa oqonis eklesiis gaZlierebaSi.
garsevaniSvilebi gansakuTrebiT dawinaurdnen XVIII s. pir-
vel mesamedSi. 1664 wlis erT sigelSi isini Tu saxaso ymebad
ixseniebian5, 1725 w. ukve saxaso aznaurebad vxedavT. aqve unda
iTqvas, rom oqonis xatis daniSnulebaze gansakuTrebiT gaama-
xvila yuradReba mefe vaxtang VI-m. 1725 wlis 13 ianvris sige-
lSi, romelic man garsevaniSvilebs uboZa, vkiTxulobT: `movi-
drekT muÃlTa gulisa gulisa CvenisaTa da davardebi iatakTa
karisa SenisaTa oqonis xato mravalnawilo da uqonis6 xato
da viTxovT Sendobasa da wyalobasa me... odes keisars roma-
nozs qarTuelT mefisaTvis win saZRvnad viTarca keisars
1 iqve, #169.
2 iqve, #152.
3 iqve, #188.
4 iqve, #7601/30.
5 iqve, #4640.
6 asea teqstSi.
498
konstantines jvari cxoveli da ars saxlsa mefeTasa sasve-
nad~1.
vaxtang VI orgzis, 1708 da 1725 wlis 20 noembris sigeleb-
Si, dekanozs Seaxsenebs oqonis xatis daniSnulebas: òdes qar-
Tveli mefe laSqarsa da nadirobas wabrZandes, oqonis xati
win unda uZRodes; drosa dadgomisasa an mefisa da an uflis-
wulis sadgoms unda dausvenon; da raJams Sin mobrZandebodes
mefis da dedoflis sawolSi unda dausvenebde~2. `qarTlis
mefe roca laSqarsa Tu nadirobasa sadac wabZandes oqonis
xati Tu jvari unda getvirTos da win uZRvebode Wirsa Tu
lxinsa Sigan~; `dekanozs sarCoT uboZeT amad rom laSqar-
nadirobas, Wirsa Tu lxinSi xati yels ekidosT da wesisaebr
moukleblad gvmsaxurobden da saca rom viyvneT xati iq unda
dagvisvendes...~3.
vaxtang mefis 1725 wlis gujaridan irkveva, rom oqonis
RvTismSoblis xatisTvis calke eklesia auSenebiaT sof. oqo-
naSi. es eklesia, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, moxseniebuli aqvs
vaxuSti batoniSvils4. imave gujaridan isic irkveva, rom
oqonis xati Tamar mefes gorSi gadmousvenebia da misi saxe-
lobis eklesiac augia. aqve SeiZleba moviyvanoT ramdenime
cnoba al. garsevaniSvilis werilidan. oqonis xati bagrat IV-
dan Tamar mefemde didi pativiT esvena TbilisSi, isanis mefis
sasaxlis eklesiaSi. iqve cxovrobda dekanozi filimoni da
misi STamomavalni. erTxel, roca Tamari naWarmagevis WalaSi
nadirobda (avtori welsac ki asaxelebs _ 1187), xidisTavis
pirdapir mtkvris gadaRma waawyda dayudebuli beris aTanases
sadgoms, romlis maxloblad gubdeboda mdinareebi _ mtkvari,
liaxvi da mejuda da gors mis midamoebiTurT tboravda xurva-
leTamde. Tamarma wyals gza gauxsna, borcvze cixe da oqonis
RvTismSoblis eklesia aago. mefem imave wels gori gaaSena da
cixis eklesiis pirdapir mtkvris maxloblad aago meore
eklesia da uwoda goris RvTismSoblis eklesia, e.i. goris
mcvelisa da mfarvelis eklesia. am eklesiidan mcire moSo-
1 gsiem, # 160, asli, gv. 3.

2 Jordania T., qronikebi, III, gv. 26.
3 gsiem, #191, asli, gv. 3, 5.
499
rebiT aznaur petre donaSvils auSenebia RvTismSoblis miZi-
nebis mcire eklesia. Tamar mefem RvTismSoblis miZinebis
eklesia, donaSvilis gardacvalebis Semdeg (1189 w.) filimonis
STamomavals dekanoz garsevans uboZa da xatis am eklesiaSi
gadmosveneba brZana. eklesias oqonis xatis saydari, anu oqona
ewoda. eklesiis Sesaval karze iyo warwera:
Zveladgan mefeTa mier gandidebulo;
òqonis xato pativcemulo,
Sen meoxad, Tayvanis-cemulo,
saswaulTagan friad gabrwyinebulo,
vin SeuZlos qebad Senda;
RuTiv-mimadlebulo~1.
gavecnoT vaxtang VI-is 1725 wlis 13 ianvris vrceli
sigelis im fragmentebs, romlebic mniSvnelovan cnobebs Sei-
caven rogorc oqonis xatis, misi qonebis da garsevaniSvilebis
gvaris damsaxurebaze. vaxtang VI brZanebs: `mefe vaxtang baqari-
TurT, meuRliT da ZiT CemiT giorgiT movidrekT muÃlTa gu-
lisa gulisa CvenisaTa da davardebi iatakTa karisa SenisaTa,
oqonis xato mravalnawilo da uqonis xato da viTxovT
Sendobasa da wyalobasa me, codviTa damZimebuli da damaSvra-
li uSjulovebiTa Semiwyale nu Ãuebul gvyof Zalisa Senisa-
gan, romel igi ars mowyale, romelman ara Rirsi wualobisa
Seiwyalos odes amaRlebulsa da yovelTa ÃelmwifeTa uzeS-
Taes myofTa keisars romanozs qarTuelT mefisaTÂs asuli
mouTxuebia. mas JamTa sxuaTa uricxvTa saboZvarTagan kide mra-
valnawili saswaulTmoqmedi oqonis xati dekanoziTurT ubo-
Zebia da mieriTgan gankuTvnila qarTvelT mefisaTÂs win saZRv-
nad, viTarca keisars kostantines jvari cxoveli da ars sax-
lisa saxlTa mefeTasa sasvenad. Semdgomad sulbrwyinvales,
TÂTmpyrobels mefe Tamars gors goraze romelsa ewodebis
tonTio saxelsa zedan oqonis xatisasa eklesia aReSenebina,
daexata da Seemko da TviT dekanozi Seni garseuan iq daesax-
lebina da mamulebi Seewira gors ori komli somexi aladaS-
vilebi da zogierTi mamuli da adgilebi sarwyavi Tu urwyavi
agreue ÃidisTavi da sarbevi berbuqi da reÃas sakuamloebi,
patara garejvari da ruis umekaSvilebi. eseebi dekanozisaTÂs
1 `ciskari~, 1867, #2, 4, gv. 7-8.
500
sarCod eboZebina da JmTa viTarebiT da qarTlis aSlilobiT
mTavarepiskopozs Ãeli daedva da cudubralod daeWira oqonis
xati da misi dekanozni daCagruliyvnen... yovliTurT uZleue-
lsa ruseTisa da CrdiloeTis mefeTmefis petre aleqsiSvi-
lTan movediT, oqonis xati da maTi dekanozni iq gvaxlden:
garseuanis Svili giorgi, misi Svili grigol, misi Zmiswuli
garseuan da onisime, misi biZaSvili dekanozi svimon mogvidgen
karsa darbazisa Cvenisasa da am xatis mamuls da siglis gaax-
lebas dagveajnen. Cvenca vismineT aja da moxseneba amaTi da
gulsmodgined gamoviZieT da rac qarTls episkopozni iyvnen
da TT mTavarefiskopozi qristeforec aq gvaxlda, Semoveyare-
niT efikopozni kreba uyaviT, mokiTxuli vqeniT, WeSmariti
SevityeviT rom aras kacs arc efiskopozs da arc winamZRvars
Ãeli ar qoneboda da sadekanozoc yofiliyo, xatic Cemi winsa-
ZRoli iyo da misni dekanozic Cveni saxaso aznauriSvilni da
Sinaymani iyunen. maS amaTi mamuli sxvisa raT iqneboda, radgan
ase iyo da kualad xatic Tan gvaxlda da dekanoznic Cveni
jvarismtvirTvelni arc am Cvens sasoebas xats ekadreboda da
verc misni dekanozni rCebodnen amisTs kualad gauaxleT da
mivarTviT oqonis xats iseu Tavisi mkvidri mamuli da maT
dekanozs sarCoT uboZeT amad, rom laSqarnadirobas, Wirsa Tu
lxinSi xati yels ekidosT da wesisaebr moukleblad gvmsaxu-
rebdnen da saca rom viyunT xati iq unda dagvisvendes. amisTÂs
movaxseneT Cvens sasoebas oqonis xats es mamulebi da deka-
nozs sarCod wyaloba uyaviT, rogorc rom Tamar mefis sige-
lSi giweria im samZvriT da im wesiT gors aladaTaSvilebi
adgili Tu miwa Seni Tu uSeni, sarwyavi Tu urwyavi sawylis-
piro, rom sxvas aravis hqonia agreue ÃidisTavi da ÃidisTavi
gamoRma sarbeuiTa imav wesiTa da rigiTa, agreue berbuqi,
romelic ZvelaT qonia im samZRvriT, agreue reÃas romelic sa-
kuamloebi hqonia WaliTa imav Zvelis samZRvriTa, agreue
patara garejvari iseue Zvelis sigliTa romelic hqonebodis,
ruis umekaSvilebi imav Zvelis wesiTa, agreue saca rom mamuli
hqondes misarCeliTa da miusarCeliTa TquenTÂs Semogviwiravs
da Tquenis dekanozisaTÂs wyaloba gviqnia, rom didad namsa-
xurni da valdebulni iyunen Cvens saxlzeda verc aravin See-
501
cilos da mouSalos. Segviwire Sen mravalnawilo oqonis
xato, jvaro cxovelmyofelo...
es ZvelTagan ÃelmwifeT wyaloba Cvenc ase gagvirigebia da
wyaloba gviqnia Tquen garsevaniSvilebisaTs esesa, giorgisa,
svimonisa, markozisa, sabasa da nikolozisaTvis, SvilTa da
momavalTa saxlisa TquenisaTÂs ase rome ramdenic mRdeli
Tquens saxlSi iyos CveTÂs wirvas da moxsenebas nu daakleben
oqonis xatis dReobas~1.
gavecaniT vaxtang VI-is mier 1725 wlis 13 ianvars gars-
evaniSvilebisaTvis micemul sigels, romelsac, erTi SexedviT,
TiTqos srulad unda daekmayofilebina dasaxelebuli ojaxisa
da, zogadad, gvaris moTxovna-interesebi. magram am sigels Tu
SevadarebT adre (1708 w. 6 ianvari) gacemul analogiuri Sina-
arsis sxva sigels, aRmoCndeba, rom 1725 wlis 13 ianvris sige-
li Zalze zogadia, maSin, rodesac misi winamorbedi dawvri-
lebiT gvacnobs garsevaniSvilebis oqonis xatTan dakavSire-
bul ufleba-movaleobebs. sagulisxmoa, isini ukmayofiloni
darCnen aRniSnulis gamo da garkveuli pretenziebi wamoayenes.
mefe iZulebuli gaxda maTi moTxovna daekmayofilebina. amitom
imave wlis 20 noembers vaxtang mefem garsevaniSvilebs misca
axali sigeli, ganuaxla `JamTa viTarebisa da urjulos Zalis
datanebis gamo~ moSlili dekanozobis rigisa da samsaxuris
ganaCeni. mefem Tavisi Svilebis gamzrdelsa da mis winaSe didi
damsaxurebis mqone mefis karis dekanoz giorgis da mis
naTesavebs _ mis Zmas dekanoz ieses, mis Zmiswulebs _ nikolo-
zsa da garseuans, mis Svilebs _ grigolsa da andrias ganua-
xla yvela is privilegia da movaleoba rac maT Zvelad ukve
hqondaT:
1. isini unda ganagebdnen mefis karis eklesias da iyvnen
dekanozebi, eklesiis klite maT unda ebaroT da maTi survi-
lis winaaRmdeg iq veravin imoqmedebs.
2. rodesac qarTlis mefe laSqarsa da nadirobaSi wabrZan-
deboda zemoT dasaxelebul pirebi oqonis xatiTa da jvariT
win unda gasZRolodnen. aseve unda emoqmedaT Wirsa Tu lxi-
nSi.
1 iqve, #169, gv. 3-7.
502
3. maTi movaleoba iyo saWiroebis dros mefe, misi axlob-
lebi da kariskacebi oqonis xatze daeficebinaT.
4. maTi valdebuleba iyo mefis, ufliswulis, mefis asulis,
ufliswulis asulis SeuRlebis dros gvirgvinis kurTxeba.
5. maT evalebodaT kaTalikosis nebarTviT samRvdeloebis
Sekreba krebisaTvis, sadac ganixileboda sasjulo, episkopo-
sisa da saeklesio sakiTxebi.
6. maT unda exelmZRvanelaT monastrisa da eklesiis mSeneb-
lobisa da SemkobisaTvis, Tuki mefes aseTi survili eqneboda.
7. Tu vinmes mefe episkoposobas uboZebda, deknozi gar-
sevaniSvivili mas gahyveboda da saydarsa da mamuls miabareb-
da.
8. Tu monastris mamulze an sxva rameze saCivari iqneboda
dekanozs unda Seegrovebina cnobebi da mefisaTvis moexsenebi-
na.
9. roca epikoposi gardaicvleboda mas unda Seeswavla
saeklesio qonebis metnaklebobis mdgomareoba da mefisaTvis
moexsenebina.
10. Tu samefoSi ucxo episkoposi an samRvdeloni movido-
dnen, ìmaTi zedamdgeoba da gamrigeoba~ dekanozs evaleboda.
11. Tu stumars sxva epskoposTan an samRvdelosTan kacis
gagzavna moundeboda, esec dekanozis rigi iyo.
12. sasjulo sakiTxebze xelmwifesTan kacis gagzavna mas
evaleboda.
13. Tu mefe romelime episkoposs an mRvdels gauwyreboda,
oqonis dekanozs ubrZanebda damnaSavisaTvis amis Sesaxeb ecno-
bebina. amgvar saqmeSi eriskaci ver Caereoda.
14. `Tu ar sasukudinoT mefem monasters Tu udabnos, Tu
saganSorebulos, Tu Raribs~ sawiravi Tu samlocvelo uboZos,
es sakiTxebic mas unda moegvarebina.
15. masve evaleboda mefis mier boZebuli (Sesawiravisa da
wasaburavis) wyalobis samRvdelosTan waReba.
16. dekanoz garsevaniSvilis garda mefis saxlSi sxva mRv-
deli moZRvari ver iqneboda.
yvelaferi zemoCamoTvlilis sanacvlod mefe dekanoz gi-
orgis pirdeba: `rac Cvvengan romelic wyaloba gWirvebodes
jamagiri Tu ulufa sagareoT Tu saSinao, ar mogeSalos es
503
wyaloba~. 1698 wels garsevaniSvilebisaTvis (iese, giorgi)
vaxtang mefis mier boZebul da 1725 wels ganaxlebul sigelSi
sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa CamoTvlili yvela is, ra wyalobasac
isini mefisgan iRebdnen TveSi 7 stil (litra) sanTels, 2
sakmels, weliwadSi sami farCa, erTi daraia bafTierTi yuTni,
erTi daraia, erTi xeli tanisamosi, `TaviT ferxamdin~, `kvi-
rasa da bednieris Dd sawinavi abazi erTi, ulufa sami da ori-
os cxenisa kacisa~. amasgarda, mefem maT uboZa ymebi da
mamulebi: `bolnis Wona Svilebi zalua da aruTina, ruis nonia
Svilebi Sermazan da misi Zmani, iqav mezris Svili giorgi da
iasaRCi Svilni da amovardnilis givias Svilis zubitas
mamuli misis obolis ZmiswuliTa da urbnisis gzis pirs Cveni
saxaso miwa; eseni maTi mamuliT, wyliTa, wisqviliTa, mTiTa,
bariTa, veliTa venaxiTa, nasyidiTa usyidiTa da yovlis misis
samarTlianis samZRvriT, dRes rasac mqonebel iyvnen miT, Tqve-
nTvis gviboZebia da asre gviTarxnebia...~1 àse gviqnia da dagvi-
mtkicebia rom ara Cvenma naTesavTa da mefeT ar mogiSalon es
rigebi~, mimarTavs garsevaniSvilebs mefe vaxtangi2.
rogorc iTqva, oqonis xatis dekanozi garsevaniSvili gio-
rgi da misi Zma dekanozi iese vaxtang VI-is Svilebis vaxuStis,
baqarisa da giorgis aRmzrdelebi iyvnen. giorgi da iese garse-
vaniSvilebisadmi madlierebas vaxuSti batoniSvili maTTvis
micemul sigelSi Semdegnairad gamoxatavda: `q. nebiTa da Se-
wevniTa mRTisaTa ese wyalobis wigni da sigeli SegiwyaleT da
giboZeT Cven, batoniSvilma vaxuStim, Zeman Cvenma iovanem Tqven,
CvenTa erTgulTa, wesisaebr TavdadebiT mravalgvarad namsaxu-
rsa karisa da oqonis xatis dekanozs garsevaniSvils ieses da
Zmasa Sensa siCCoTave CvnTa gamzrdelTa da, rac Zali edva,
samRTo saeromde maswavlels giorgis, SvilTa TqvenTa niko-
lozs, grigols, garsevans da andrias, SvilTa da momavalTa
saxlisa TqvenisaTa; odes mravalgvaraT TavdadebiT Cvens
daWirebis dReebSi gvemsaxureniT da Cvens gazrdaSi didi Wiri
da gazrdiloba migiZRoda Cvenze, amisda sanuqfod wyalobas
dageaje[niT, Cvenc] SegiwyaleT da giboZeT Cvenis samarTlis
gziTa da alalis saqonliT nasyidi mcire sofeli javaxis-
1 Jordania T., qronikebi, gv. 26-27
2 gsiem, #191.
504
Svilebisagan mosyiduli nadarbazevi misi samarTlianis samzR-
vriTa, wyliTa, wisqviliTa, mTiTa, bariTa mis garSemo saydriT
[da n]asaydraliTa da saxnaviTa, saTibiTa da uTibiTa, rogorc
imaTgan meyidnos, im gziTa da im sazRvriTa, gqondes gagibedni-
eros R~Tn Cvensa erTgulad samsaxursa Sina, ocs naTlisRebas,
rac samRdelo kaci Tqvens saxlSi iqnebodeT, Cvenad sadReg-
rZelod da gasamarjveblad da sasulieroT Jamsa gviwirevdeT.
ar mogeSalos arca Cvengan arca CamamavalTa CvenTagan. awe, ge-
vedrebiT Semdgomno Cvenno mepatroneno, vinc vin brZandebodeT,
mciresa amas Cvengan nawyalobevs alalis TeTriT javaxis-
Svilebisagan mosyiduls nadarbazevs nu mouSliT Cvenze mrava-
lgziT da mravlis mougonobelis WiriT TavganwirviT namsa-
xurs garsevaniSvilebs, Tqvenis mRTis gulisaTvis, raTa caTa
da qveyanaTa Semoqmedma damtkicos gangebuli Tqveni. awe, vinca
da ramanca kacma amisad Slad xelyos, risxvasmca RmerTi
dausrulebeli da Cvenisa codvisaTvis igimca ganikiTxvis meu-
fisa winaSe... daiwera brZaneba ese kaTaTvis, i, qks uia...~1
Sesabamisi werilobiTi cnobebi ar gagvaCnia, magram SeiZle-
ba vivaraudoT, rom garsevaniSvilebi, mniSvnelovnad monawi-
leobdnen vaxtang VI-is droindel politikur cxovrebaSi.
sxva rogor unda aixsnas is rasac 1725 wlis sigelSi vkiTxu-
lobT: roca `didis ruseTisa da CrdiloeTis mefeTmefis pe-
tre aleqsiSvilTan movediT oqonis xati2 da maTi dekanozni,
iq gvaxlden: garseuanis Svili giorgi, misi Svili grigol,
misi Zmiswuli garseuan da onisime, misi biZaSvili dekanozi
svimon~3. rogorc Cans, giorgi garsevaniSvili male mobrunda
samSobloSi. vaxtang VI-is Zmam kaTalikos-patriarqma domentim
giorgis `kurTxevis wigni~ uboZa, radgan `Cemi Zmiswulebis
gamzrdeli iyavi, ruseTs bevrs emsaxureniT, merme dasturi
moecaT, kidec daberebuliyavi4 da gamoestumrebine. axla, Cvenc
es wyaloba giyaviT Senis namsaxurobisa da garjisaTvis
1 berZeniSvili n., vaxuStis biografiisaTvis. saqarTvelos istoriis

sakiTxebi, IV, Tb., 1967, gv. 291-292.
2 al. garsevaniSvilis mixedviT, iმ dros ruseTSi wausvenebiaT oqonis
xatis piri, romelic SemdegSi moskovSi yofila daculi.
3 gsiem, #169..
4 alabaT, dabarebuli.
505
romelic Seni saÃelo iyos da an yofiliyos karisa Tu gorisa
Tu oqonis xatisa samkvidrod gqonebia ar mogeSalos vinc
mogiSalos Cvengan Seundobeli iyos~. xveulad kaTali-
koz=patriarqi domenti1. Cemi varaudis siswores, rom `dabe-
rebulis~ nacvlad unda iyos `dabarebuli~, adasturebs zemoT
citirebuli dokumentebi. isic irkveva, rom giorgis raRac
mniSvnelovani saqmis gamo saqarTveloSi dabruneba undoda.
misi Txovna vaxtang VI-m Seiwynara da gamouSva, magram imas ver
vityvi mcire Tu didi xniT. giorgi garsevaniSvili ruseTSi
dabrunda, Tumca ar Cans rodis. 1736-1745 wlebSi is iyo arCil
II-is qaliSvilis darejanis mier vsesviatskoeSi agebuli yvela
wmindanis saxelobis taZris winamZRvari. giorgi 1745 wels gar-
daicvala da missave taZarSi dakrZales. misi saflavis qva
mxedruli warweriT naxa n. berZeniSvilma da epitapiac gad-
moiwera. epitafiaSi ikiTxeboda: aq ganisvenebs `protopopi gar-
sevanisZe giorgi, mefis vaxtangis aRzrdili da mefis baqaris
gamzrdeli~2. sasaflao, sadac dakrZaluli iyo mravali warCi-
nebuli qarTveli, ganadgurebuli iqna 1982 wels3.
erTi SexedviT, TiTqos gaugebrobas iwvevs 1745 wlis erTi
sigeli, romelic kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz II-m giorgi garseva-
niSvils ganuaxla: `kaxeTis mefem mefis erekles Svilman mefem
Teimuraz da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman qarTvelT mefis asulman
dedofaლman Tamar da sasurvelman Zeman Cvenman batonisSvil-
man ereklem ese amier ukunisamde JamTa... ucvalebeli sigeli
giboZeT Tqven Cven erTobis karis da oqonis xatis da jvaris-
mtvirTvels dekanozs garsevanisSvils giorgis da Svilsa Sen-
sa grigols da andrias da Svilsa da momavalTa saxlisa Seni-
sa ase romen erTobaSi odes amaRlebuls dids Ãelmwifes kei-
sars qarTvelT mefisaTvis qali moeTxoebina maSin ziTviT
mravali nawili saswaulmoqmedi oqonis xati ziTvaT moyolo-
da da Tqveni saxliskaci dekanozaT da muniTgan jvarismtvirT-
veli da dekanozi yofiliyaviT da iyveniT amisTvis yovlis Cve-
nis naTesavisgan jamagiri da ulufa gqondaT weliwadSi sami
1 iqve, #173.
2 berZeniSvili n., vaxuStis biografiisaTvis. gv. 292.
3
Судариков В. А., Чапкин С., Православная Москва. Справочник, Москва, Братство
Святителя Тихона, 1993, с. 54—55.
506
Tumani da erTi Ãeli tanisamosi... Cvenc gangiaxleT da gibo-
ZeT... qronikons ukg, qristes aqaTs CRde...~1
ucilobelia, rom giorgi garsevaniSvili 1745 gardaicvala
moskovSi. vfiqrob, gorSi mcxovrebma giorgis Svilebma, Cveu-
lebis Tanaxmad, axal xeldasxmul mefes, Teimuraz II-s mimar-
Tes zemoaRniSnuli sigelis ganaxlebis Taobaze, raTa Tavidan
aecilebinaT mosalodneli gaugebrobebi. maT samwysoze moci-
leni hyavdaT.
garsevaniSvilebs sxvadasxva gziT SeZenili mravali mamuli
hqondaT, rac aRniSnulia nasyidobis sabuTebSi. Teimuraz II-m
1745 w. ganuaxla wyaloba giorgi garsevaniSvils, romelic
`yovlis Cvenis naTesavisagan jamagiri da ulufa gqonodaT
weliwadSi sami Tumani da erTi Ãeli tanisamosi... Cvenc gan-
giaxleT da giboZeT~ _ brZanebs Teimurazi2. 1736 w. 26 ivliss
mTavarepiskoposma garsevaniSvilebs simtkicis sigeli misca
oqonis dekanozobaze, mis Semosavalze3.
cnobil sabuTebSi XVIII s. dasasrulamde moxseniebuli
arian goreli garsevaniSvilebis Semdegi warmomadgenlebi:
1582 w. 13 marts mefe svimon I-ma filimons daumtkica goris
cixisa da oqonis xatis dekanozoba4.
1664 w. mariam dedoflis wyalobis sigelSi moxseniebulni
arian oqonis xatis dekanozi daviTi, garsevani da Tamazi5.
1655 w. mariam dedofalma mamukas kvlav daumtkica oqonis
xatis dekanozoba6.
1669. IV/15. Tavnasyidobis wignSi _ garsevaniSvili dekanozi
mamula7.
1672 w. nasyidobis baraTSi _ gorisa da oqonis xatis de-
kanozi markozi8.
1 gsiem, 156.
2 iqve, #156..
3 iqve, #164.
4 iqve, #190a.
5 iqve, #4040, #147, #185.
6 iqve, #190 b.
7 samarTlis Zeglebi, VIII, gv. 847, #856.
8 gsiem, #7601/19.
507
1680 w. nasyidobis xelwerilSi _ daviTi, garsevani da Ta-
mazi1.
1681 w. sabuTSi moxseniebulni arian gorisa da oqonis
xatis dekanozis Svilebi daviT, garsevan da Tamaz2.
1791 w. XI, I. erekle I ulufas uniSnavs iases3.
1725 w. 13. vaxtang VI-is wyalobis wignSi _ giorgi, misi
Svili grigol, misi Zmiswuli garseuan da onisime, misi biZa-
Svilebi dekanozi svimon, iese, markozi, saba da nikolozi4.
1725. XI. 20. vaxtang VI-is wyalobis wignSi _ dekanozi
giorgi, misi Ze iese, Zmiswuli nikolozi, misi Svilebi _ gri-
gol da andria5.
1738 w. XI. I. nasyidobis sigelSi _ nikoloz garsevaniSvi-
6
li .
1745 w. Teimuraz II jamagirsa da ulufas uniSnavs erTobiT
karis da oqonis xatis jvarismtvirTvels dekanozs garsevani-
Svil giorgis da mis Svilebs, grigols da andrias7.
friad sainteresoa qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis kiriles
mier 1766 wlis 26 seqtembers mRvdeli petre (SemdegSi mTa-
varepiskoposi paisiosi) garsevaniSvilisaTvis micemuli dekano-
zobis wyalobis ganaxlebis wignSi CamoTvlili privilegiebi,
romlebsac SemdgomSi gavecnobiT.
1793. VII. I. sigelSi _ garsevaniSvili iakob mRvdeli8.
rogorc wesi, oqonis eklesiis winamZRvrebi da dekanozebi
garsevaniSvilebis gvaris warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, magram iyo
SemTxvevebi, rodesac zogjer, gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo, de-
kanozebad sxva gvaris mRvdlebi iniSnebodnen. 1655 wels, ros-
tom mefem, oqonis taZris dekanozi aragarsevaniSvili qriste-
fore urbneli zaqaria baraTaSviliT Secvala9. dokumentebidan
1 iqve, #7610/59.
2 xec, Sd, #546.
3 gsiem, #155.
4 iqve, #169.
5 iqve, #169.
6 iqve, #177.
7 iqve, #156.
8 iqve, #149.
9 xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, f. AD, sab. 602.
508
ar Cans is mizezebi, ris gamoc kargavdnen garsevaniSvilebi
socialurad da ekonomikurad didad mniSvnelovan oqonis
dekanozobas. magram aris miniSneba, rom zogjer dekanozebad
maT mier SerCeuli sxva romelime gvaris warmomadgeneli
saimedo mRvdeli iniSneboda. ai ras vkiTxulobT qarTlis
mTavarepiskopos kiriles mier gacemul 1766 wlis 26 seqtembris
sigelSi, rodesac is mimarTavs garsevaniSvilebs _ petres,
demetres da iakobs: `cotas xans Tqvens saxlSi patiosanni
mRvdelni micvalebuliyvnen da samRvdelo arvin yofil iyvnen
da Tqvenis nebiT sxva mRdeli dageyenebinaT~1.
1861 wlis 22 Tebervals mRvdel iese garsevaniSvils mama-
papeuli eklesiebi, mamulebi da sxva sakuTreba CamoarTves da
mRvdelmoqmedebac aukrZales. ase daasrula iesem 44 wliani
eklesiuri moRvaweoba. amis Semdeg dekanozi garsevaniSvili
aRar yofila.
garsevanSvilebis nebiT unda daniSnuliyo imave Tanamde-
bobaze 1892 wels oqonis eklesiis dekanozad grigol Ra-
mbaraSvili, romelic mrevlis sayovelTao siyvaruliT sar-
geblobda2. sayuradReboa, rom im dros oqonis xatis eklesiis
mzrunvelobis Tavmjdomare iyo saero piri aleqsandre svi-
monis Ze garsevaniSvili3, romelic iaqtiurebda maTi sagvare-
ulo eklesiis marTvaSi.
1 gsiem, #160.
2 gaz. `kvali~, 25. 04. 1898.
3 iqve, 20. 08. 1895.
509
saamayo garsevaniSvilebi da maTTan
dakavSirebuli movlenebi
Tavdapirvelad SevCerdeT garsevaniSvilebis im ramdenime

warmomadgenelze, romelTa moRvaweobazea gamaxvilebuli yura-
dReba sagvareulo nusxaSi.
iese garsevanis Ze
`d~ sqolio (ix. danarTi) mTlianad daTmobili aqvs XVIII s.

pirvel naxevris moRvawes, ieses, romelsac udidesi damsaxu-
reba hqonda gvaris gaZliereba-gamdidrebis, oqonis eklesiis
movla-patronobis saqmeSi.
dekanozi iese mefe vaxtang VI-sTan daaxloebuli, misi moZ-
Rvari da mrCeveli iyo. qarTulis kargad codnasTan erTad
flobda sparsul, berZnul da Turqul enebs, mniSvnelovan ro-
ls asrulebda saxelmwifos kulturul cxovrebaSi. man aRw-
era da moawesriga saeklesio da saero wignebi, ganaaxla goris
RvTismSoblis is eklesia, romlis daarsebas Tamar mefes mia-
werdnen. masve auSena kankeli da samreklo.
misi ori vaJi _ onisime da garsevani, vaxtang VI-s gahyvnen
ruseTSi 1724 wels da samudamod iq dasaxldnen. ieses STamo-
mavlebi cxovrobdnen moskovsa da iaroslavSi. maT Tavi gamoi-
Cines ruseTis imperiis samxedro samsaxurSi1.
iesem didad izruna da winaparTa qonebas Semata mamulebi
somxiTSi, TbilisSi, atenis xeobaSi, sacicianoSi, sajavaxia-
noSi, qrcxinvalSi, gorisa da goris mazris soflebSi, amasTan
erTad ymaTa raodenobas oras samocdaTxuTmetisaTvis miuR-
wevia. iese iyo didad ganaTlebuli pirovneba, man saukeTesod
icoda qarTuli, sparsuli, berZnuli da Turquli, iyo mefis
mrCeveli da masTan daaxloebuli da sayvareli adamiani. yove-
live aRniSnuli dasturdeba ukve citirebuli da qvemoT ganxi-
luli mefe vaxtang VI-isa da dedoflis mier iesesa da misi
axloblebisaTvis naboZebi sigelebiT.
iese dakrZales oqonis eklesiaSi oqonis xatis win.
1 iqve.
510
dimitri giorgis Ze
iese da giorgi garsevaniSvilebis mier sxvadasxva dros

SeZenili qoneba gauniavebia dimitris, dekanoz giorgis Zes, ro-
mlis uaryofoTi daxasiaTeba mocemulia sagvareulo nusxaSi.
dimitri, rogorc irkveva, kolorituli pirovneba, iyo anton
qaTalikozis mgalobeli, maswavlebeli erekle meoris ZeTa,
magram ar viciT konkretulad romeli Zeebis; gamoirCeoda
xasiaTiT, cnobili iyo, rogorc Tavis naTqvami, mxarjveli,
gancxromisa da Svebis moyvaruli kaci. cxovrebis aseTi wesis
gamo man gahyida an gaaCuqa da amgvarad gaaniava winaprebisgan
memkvidreobiT miRebuli dekanozebis _ iesesa da giorgis
datovebuli ymebisa da mamulebis didi nawili. àmas mdabi-
urad uwodebden tetiaso~, gvamcnobs aleqsandre svimonis Ze
garsevaniSvili.
dimitris memkvidreobiT miuRia: ruisis gzis zeviT mdebare
mamulis erTi nawili; xodabunis erTi nawili kvercxeulSi
sofel axaldabaSi gzis piras xevamde; baRis adgili da venaxi
saxelwodebiT `patara~; TevdorwmindaSi (Tedowminda) mamuli
saxelwodebiT `nabegvari~. am adgilas SeiZleboda samTvliani
wisqvilis aSeneba; dimitris ergo, agreTve, wisqvilis zemoT
`nayanarevi~. SemdegSi es miwa Seucvales da nayanarevis nacv-
lad misces erTi saqcevi miwa _ `nabagvari~.
goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi
daculia dimitris mier gayiduli mamulebis sabuTi, romelic
asaxavs iakob garsevaniSvilis gardacvalebis Semdgom mdgoma-
reobas. sabuTi dawerilia iese garsevaniSvilis mier1.
mTavareposkoposi paisiosi
XVIII s. meore naxvris qarTl-kaxeTis samefos erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani politikuri moRvawe iyo garsevaniSvilebis gva-
ris cnobili warmomadgeneli, qarTlis mTavareposkoposi paisi-
osi2.
1 iqve, #7636/11.
2 mRvdelmTavar paisosis Sesaxen vrclad iqneba Cem saqarTvelos
sagareo politikasa da diplomatiis III tomSi.
511
iese iakobis Ze
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxisaTvis darTuli vrce-

li `T~ `sqolio~ mTlianad daTmobili aqvs XIX s. pirveli na-
xevris garsevaniSvilebis erT-erT naklebad cnobil warmoma-
dgenels, iese iakobis Zes. rogorc kvlevam miCvena is Zlier sa-
intereso pirovneba da moRvawe didi xnis ganmavlobaSi goris
sakaTedro taZris, oqonis RvTismSoblis eklesiis mRvdeli
iyo. misi cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, Tu `T~ SeniSvnaSi
gadmocemul informacias ar CavTvliT, mcire ramaa cnobili.
iese garsevaniSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba SeiZleba
ganvixiloT ramdenime aspeqtSi:
1. iese iakobis Ze garsevaniSvili daibada 1792 wels q.
gorSi. misi mama _ iakobi, iyo goris oqonis eklesiis dekanozi.
araa cnobili sad miiRo iesem dawyebiTi ganaTleba. is ki
cnobilia, rom man daasrula Tbilisis keTilSobilTa saswav-
lebeli1, sadac daeufla qarTul galobas, filosofiasa da
RvTismetyvelebas. ieses mier saswavleblis damTavrebis ori
TariRi gvaqvs _ 1814 da 1817. upiratesoba unda mivaniWoT
pirvels, radgan, rogorc qvemoT damowmebuli dokumentebidan
irkveva, iese 1814 wlidan, seminariis damTavrebis Semdეg, imere-
TSi, Tavad zurab wereTlis ojaxSi2 iyo bavSvebis aRmzrde-
1 1860-iani wlebis reformebis Semdeg saswavlebels ewodeboda Tbi-

lisis pirvel klasikur gimnazia.
2 zurab qaixosros Ze wereTeli (1747-1823), imereTis samefos
politikuri moRvawe, imereTis mefeebis solomon I-sa da solomon
II-is saxლTuxucesi, pirveli veziri. 1784 wels imereTis mefe daviT
II-m igi sxvebTan erTad peterburgs elCad gagzavna. man didi roli
Seasrula dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis ruseTTan
SeerTebis saqmeSi. igi aqtirad monawileobda 1810 wlis imereTis
ajayebis CaqrobaSi, solomon II-is gandevnaSi... zurab wereTlis,
rogorc dadebiT pirovnebis mokle daxasiTeba dagvitova niko da-
dianma: ègreTve wels qristesiT 1823, ianvris 28 gardaicvala
Reneral maiori da kavaleri, imereTis saxlTuxucesi, Tavadi
zurab qaixosros Ze wereTeli, simamri dadianisa leonisa, romeli
iyo sruliad imereTsa Sina WkuiT da kargkacobiTa warmoCenili
da saxlTa Sina didebuli~. dadiani n.,, qarTvelT cxovreba /
512
lad da imave dros mRvdlobisaTvis emzadeboda. maSasadame, mas
ukve dasrulebuli hqonda keTilSobilTa saswavlebeli. Tavad
grigol wereTlis mier 1818 wlis 8 seqtembers daweril mow-
mobaSi aRniSnulia, rom iese mis ojaxSi cxovrobda òTx
weliwads da naxevars~1. amgvarad, keTilSobilTa saswavleblis
damTavrebis Semdeg, 1814-1818 wlebSi, iese WavWavaZeebis ojaxSi
pedagogiur saqminaobas eweoda. keTilSobilTa saswavlebelSi
swavlis paralelurad iese, romelsac saeklesio samsaxuris
ewada, iseT sagnebSi iwafeboda, romlebic ganzraxvis ganxor-
cielebaSi daexmareboda. misi maswavlebeli iyo arqimandriti
zaqaria, romlis mier 1816 wels daweril mowmobaSi aRniSnu-
lia: `welsa Cyisa maisis dsa, odes vmarT(avdi) me saRvToTa
wer(vilTa) sabeWdavsa sruladiTa, miiRo swavla aman garseva-
novman aznaurTaganman dekanosis iakobis Zeman da daiswava Cem-
gan ritorika mixiTarisa sevastiulisa da simeon julfelisa
dialeqtikosobai da Tanad saRvTos wervilTa metyvelTa ganma-
rtebai da wesieri werai, TviT wera xucur da samRvdeloni
saeklesioni tkbilni~2.
moRweulia daxasiaTeba (1818. IX.) goris qalaqis samRvde-
loTa, samTavros eparqiis blaRoCinebisa da goris soboros
dekanoz qristefore ananievisa, amave soboros mRvdlis
andriasi, oqonis RvTismSoblis eklesiis mRvdlis efremis da
gorijvris eklesiis mRvdelTa ioseb da andriasi, micemuli
goris oqonis RvTismSoblis eklesiis gardacvalebuli dekano-
zis iakobis Zis iese garsevanovisadmi maTi aznauruli war-
moSobis, oqonis RvTismSoblis eklesiisadmi maTi samRvdelo-
ebiT samsaxurisa, agreTve TviT iese garsevaniSvilis daxasia-
Teba: `... erTxmobiT vaZlevT mowmobas amas goris oqonis mRv-
TismSoblis eklesiis gardacvalebuli dekanozis iakobis sju-
lieris Zes iese garsevanovs aznaurTagans: maszeda, rom wina-
parni am iese garsevanovisani yofilan Zvelni saqarTvelos
aznaurni da samRvdeloebiT umsaxurniaT xsenebuli oqonis
teqsti gamosca, winasityvaoba, gamokvleva, komentarebi, saZieblebi

da leqsikoni daurTo S. burjanaZem, Tb., 1962, gv. 212.
1 gsiem, #7602/735.
2 gsiem, #475/2. abuaSvili l., qarTveli mwignobari iese garsevaniSvi-
li // Jurn., `liaxvi~, 1963, gv. 144.
513
RmrTismSoblis ekklesiisa mas, viTarca msaxurebda vidre aRs-
rulebamde TÂsad xsenebuli mama amisi dekanozi iakob, romel-
sa zrdida Zesaca amasa TÂssa ieses samRvdelod da aswavlida
yovels saWiro samsaxure ekklesiisa da werili qarTuli da
rusuli. xsenebuli iese ars yovelTa... mSvidisa da keTil-
wesierisa; biwierTa da saiWvlTa saqmeTa... ara... ars cnobili,
romelsaca dasarwmuneblad xels vawerT~1.
2. imereTidan gorSi dabrunebulma iesem 1818 wlis 3 seq-
tembers mimarTa TxovniT saqarTvelos egzarqos arqiepikopos
feofilaktes2 Tavis mamis, iakobis adgilze oqonis eklesiaSi
oqonis xatis dekanozad daniSvnis Sesaxeb3.
1818 wlis 2 oqtombers egzarqosi arcTu siamovnebiT daTan-
xmda ieses Rvdlad kurTxevas im pirobiT, rom is daqorwin-
deboda da am aqtis damamasturebel sabuTs warudgenda4. iesem
1 iqve, 7601-65.
2 Teofilaqte rusanovma (qarTlisa da kaxeTis egzarqosi 1817-1821
wlebSi) saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave daiwyo rusifikatoruli
politikis gatareba. man brZana. rom oTxSabaTs, paraskevs da Sa-
baTs sionis taZarSi rusi samRvdeloeba egzarqosTan erTad Caata-
rebda wirva-locvas rusul enaze; saeklesio qonebis aRweris
mizniT Seadgina komisia; misi brZanebiT sigel-gujrebi unda eTar-
gmnaT rusul enaze; Teofilaqtes iniciativiT TbilisSi, siRnaRsa
da gorSi gaixsna sasuliero saswavleblebi, xolo TbilisSi
sasuliero semnaria. Кирион, Краткий очерк истории Грузинской церкви
и экзархата за XIX столетие, Тифлис, 1901, с. 11, 20; bubulaSvili e.,
rusi egzarqosebis moRvaweobis istoriidan (XIX s-is I naxevari) //
axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi, I, Tb., 2007, gv. 241. misive
gankargulebiT qarTvel sasuliero pirTa is gvarebi, romlebic
bolovdeboda `Svilze~ Seucvales òv~-iT da sxva amgvar RinisZie-
bebsac atarebda. kerZod, misi inicativiT iZarcveboda qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi. msgavs da sxva erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Sem-
laxvel qmedebebs Sedegad mohyva 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba dasav-
leT saqarTveloSi. is SemdegSic mraval danaSauls Cadioda. bu-
bulaSvili e., rusi egzarqosebis moRvaweobis istoriidan (XIX s-
is I naxevari), gv. 243-247.
3 gsiem, #7602/361.
4 iqve, #, 7602/627.
514
yvela moTxovna Seasrula, magram vidre feofilaqte cocxali
iyo, iesem ver SeZlo mamis adgilis dakaveba.
Znelia imis Tqma, ieses hqonda qorwinebis ganzraxva, Tu is
iZulebuli iyo egzarqosis moTxovnisaTvis gaewia angariSi.
imave wlis noemberSi iesem iqorwina Tavad maRalaSvilis
qalze. jvriswera Caatara mRvdelma alalberuaSvilma da am
aqtis damadasturebeli mowmobac gasca imave TveSi, romelSic
gacemis dRe da ricxvi ar aris aRniSnuli, Tumca miTiTebu-
lia, rom jvriswera moxda _ 14 noembers1.
Mmraval dokumentSi, romlebSic aisaxa ieses cxovrebis
sxvadasxva momenti, arsad ar aris moxseniebuli misi meuRle.
Znelia Tqma, ra bedi ewia maRalaSvilis qals qorwinebis Sem-
deg, radgan Semdgomi periodis CemTvis cnobil yvela sabuTSi
xazgasmulia ieses ucoloba. rodesac mas mRvdelmsaxurebis
ufleba CamoarTves, erT-erTi braldebad ucoloba wauyenes.
1818 wlis 12 dekembers egzarqosma Teofilaqtem iese mRvd-
lad akurTxa. rusulad daweril mowmobaSi aRniSnulia, rom
is ganwesebuli iqna mRvdlad goris RvTismSoblis miZinebis
saqalaqo samrevlo eklesiaSi Tavisi gardacvlili mamis,
dekanoz iakobis adgilas da ukve Seudga movaleobis Sesrule-
bas2.
marTalia iese dainiSna dasaxelebuli eklesiis mRvdlad,
magram problematuri iyo eklesiaSi misi mier samsaxureobrivi
movaleobis aRsruleba. savaraudoa, ieses eklesiis marTvas ar
anebebda qristoforo ananiaSvili, romelic Tavis mogvaris,
sfiridonis saqmes agrZelebda garsevaniSvilebTan dapirispi-
rebis dros. qristoforo egzarqos TeofilaqtesTan daaxlo-
ebuli da misi nebis aRmsrulebeli iyo3. is, garkveuli gagebiT,
monawileobda egzarqosis mier ganxorcielebul qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebis ZarcvaSi. qristoforo rom ieses misTvis
gamoyofili eklesiis marTvas ar anebebda, Cans 1822 wels oqo-
nis eklesiis mrevlis saeklesio xelisuflebisadmi mimarTvi-
dan, romelsac xels awers 20 goreli mamakaci. isini moiTxo-
1 iqve, #7602/626.
2 iqve, #7602/630.
3 bubulaSvili e., rusi egzarqosebis moRvaweobis istoriidan (XIX s-
is I naxevari), gv. 245.
515
ven: goris oqonis RvTismSoblis eklesiis moZRvrad da
dekanozad yovelTvis garsevaniSvilebi iyvnen. didi xani ar
aris mas Semdeg rodesac iakobi, ieses mama oqonis eklesiis
mRvdeli iyo, magram sfiridon ananovma (ananiaSvilma) Cveni
Tavi, e.i. mrevli waarTva da wlebis ganmavlobaSi aRar daane-
bao. dRevandlamde vacaleT egeb iakobs sadao saqme moegva-
rebina da CvenTvis eSvela, magram man veraferi moaxerxa. dRes
imitom movediT, rom iakobis Ze iese gvinda mRvdlado1. ro-
gorc Cans, egzarqosma feofilaqtem formaloba Seasrula da
iese tradiciis mixedviT Tavisi mamis adgilze ganamwesa,
magram faqtiurad mas blaRoCini qristefore ananiaSvili ekle-
siaSi ar uSvebda, egzarqos feofilaqtes Cumi TanxmobiT
mRvdelmoqmedebis aRsasrulebis saSualebas ar aZlevda.
usamarTlobas bolo mouRo axalma egzarqosma, arqiepis-
koposma iona vasilevskim (1821-1832), romelic mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeboda Tavisi winamorbedisgan2. man 1825 wlis 7 marts
ieses Tbilisidan gorSi miswera, rom blaRoCinobidan gada-
ayena goris sakrebulo eklesiis dekanozi qristefore ananievi
da mis adgilas eklesiebisa da samRvdeloebis blaRoCinad
ganamwesa iese, e.i. man ufro maRali saeklesio Tanamdeboba
miiRo.
imave weriliT egzarqosma ieses daavala qristoforosTvis
CamoerTmia yvela saqme da Sesabamisi sabuTebi, romlebzec
aucileblad unda yofiliyo blaRoCinis xelmowera; ieses un-
da Seedgina saeklesio sagnebis sia da sxv.3 savaraudoa, qris-
toforo jiutobda da ieses moTxovnas ar asrulebda. iese
iZulebuli gaxda ekzarqosi saqmis kursSi Caeyenebina. 1825 w. 20
martis mimarTvis pasuxad egzarqosma imave wlis 4 aprils
ieses acnoba, rom dekanoz qristoforo ananievs ganmeorebiT
ubrZana, iese garsevaniSvils mokle droSi gadasces yvela saq-
me da qaRaldebi blaRoCinis TanamdebobasTan erTad4.
1 gsiem, #192.
2 egzarqos ionas saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis dadebiT da uaryofiT
mxareebze ix. bubulaSvili e., rusi egzarqosebis moRvaweobis is-
toriidan (XIX s-is I naxevari), gv. 247-249.
3 iqve, #7602/519.
4 gsiem,7602/519.
516
amgvarad, rogorc dokumentidan irkveva, iesem blaRoCinis
wodeba miiRo rac imas niSnavda, rom is goris erT romelime
eklesias ki ar ganagebda, aramed ramdenime samrevlos.
iese egzarqosis sxvadasxva davalebas asrulebda. 1824
wlis 15 marts egzarqosma ionam goris qalaqis miZinebis
eklesiis mRvdels, iese garsevaniSvils daavala kavksiis ga-
nyofilebis korpusis mRvdel dekanoz petre egaZis adgili da-
ekavebina Tbilisis samxedro hospitalSi1; 1825 wlis 8 agvistos
egzarqosma iese ekonomad daniSna2 da sxv.
imave wlis 6 ivliss egzarqosma ionam ieses acnoba misi
goris mazris sasuliero saqmeebis meore deputatad daniSvnis
Sesaxeb, raTa mas daxmareba gaewia ruisis sakrebulo eklesiis
blaRoCin dekanoz zaqaria mamacaSvilisTvis, romelsac epar-
qiis xelmZRvanelobisgan sxvadasxva davaleba hqonda3.
sainteresoa, rom oficialur sabuTebSi iese ar moixsenieba
dekanozad, is mRvdelia. mxolod oriode kerZo werilSi moix-
senieba dekanozad. esenia grigol wereTlis 1827 wlis4 da
daviT dadianis 1827 da 1833 wlebis werilebi5.
albaT aRniSnuli werilebi hqonda mxedvelobaSi qalbaton
leila abuaSvils, rodesac werda, rom iesem moaxerxa saZie-
beli xarisxis, e.i. dekanozobis mopovebao6. vimeoreb: iese ara-
sodes yofila dekanozi.
3. aRniSvnis Rirsia is gansakuTrebiT Tbili damokidebule-
ba, rasac ucolSvilo iese ZmisSvil aleqsandres mimarT iCe-
nda. iesem, rogorc SeiZleba vifiqroT, didi roli iTamaSa
aleqsandres aRzrda-ganaTlebis saqmeSi, misi davalebiT Seqm-
na garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxa, misive zedamxedvelo-
biT. iesem SemdgomSi igi Tavis TanamSromladac gaixada. Zmis,
svimonis gardacvalebis Semdeg iesem Tavis Tavze aiRo mis
ojaxze mzrunveloba. gardacvalebamde samiode TviT adre (1864
1 iqve, #7602/517b.
2 iqve, #7602/518.
3 gsiem. dokumenti unomroa.
4 iqve, #7602/748.
5 gsiem, #7602/748, #7602/609.
6 abuaSvili l., qarTveli mwignobari iese garsevaniSvili, gv. 145.
517
wlis 15 seqtemberi) man Tavis qoneba anderZiT dautova aleq-
sandres1.
memkvidreobis mowmobis piri gacemuli (1864 wlis 7 agvis-
to) aznaur aleqsandre simonis Ze garsevaniSvilis saxelze,
damowmebulia goris mazris TavadaznaurTa winamZRolis, Sta-
bskapitan erisTavis mier. masSi aRniSnulia, rom aleqsandre
gauyrelia mis biZa simon iakobisZesTan, romelsac ar hyavs
memkvidre garda aleqsandre garsevaniSvilisa~. ieses mier ale-
qsandresTvis datovil memkvidreobis Sesaxeb aRiniSneba qve-
moT.
4. ukve iTqva, rom ruseTis karis moTxovniT gეorgievსkis
traqtatis mecxre artikuls daerTo qarTvel aznaurTa sia,
romelSic garsevaniSviebic iyvnen Seyvanili. man specialur
komisias warudgina 1825 wlis aprilSi gacemuli mowmoba,
romlidanac Canda, rom garsevaniSvilebs rostom mefis droi-
dan hqondaT aznauris wodeba. amas isini amtkicebdnen, dokumen-
tiT, romelSic araa aRniSnuli misi Semdgeneli. mowmoba
adasturebda, rom ieses, mis Zmas da biZaSvilebs didi xnis
winaT qarTvelma mefeebma uboZes aznauroba. iqve aRniSnulia im
mefeebis saxelebi da maT mier boZebuli sigelebi romle-
bidanac Cans, rom isini aznaurebi da yma-mamulis mflobelobi
iyvnen. am saintereso dokumentSi naTqvamia, rom igi `mieca ese
goris uezdis namdvilTa aznaurTa mRvdels ieses da Zmasa
missa sÂmons da biZaSvilTa maTTa ioanes da Teodoss gar-
sevanovTa misTÂs romel igini aswarmoeben ima saaznauros gva-
ris garsevanovTagan, romelic aris Caweril siasa2 Sina trax-
tatisadmi CRg welsa, ianvris kT3 wardgeniTa gansuenebulis
mefis iraklisagan ruseTisa saimperatoros karisadmi, da damt-
kicebuli gansuenebulis ruseTis imperatricaÁsa ekaterinesgan
da arisca gvari ese aznaurTagani, romelica winaTa welTa
1 gsiem, #7602/379.
2 k. koშuaSvilis wakiTxviT _ `saxlsa~, rac mniSvnelovnad cvlis
dokumentis mniSvnelobas garsevaniSvilebis sasargeblod, TiTqos
maT saxlSi daiwera xelSekrulebis koშuaSvili k.,
proeqti,
georgievskis traqtati da gori // gaz. gamarjveba, 01. 05. 1982. sinam-
dvileSi dokumentSi aris is, rac amonaridSi weria _ `siasa~.
3 1783 wlis 28 ianvari
518
Sina waredgenies gvar------ba1 TÂsi da Rramatani mefis ros-
tomisa Zmiswuli simon pirvelisa da Ze daviTisa, damowmebuli
ekklesiasa zeda, qarTulsa qronikonsa tlz2 da meore mefis
giorgisa vaxtang mesamis3 Zisa, boZebulTa ymisa da mamulisa
1681 welsa da masTanave warmodgenili dokumenti boZebuli
gansuenebulis mefis vaxtangisagan pirvel Sesaval sazogadod
garsevanovTadmi, ZvelTa warmoebaTa gvarTa maTTa qoronikonsa
C~T4, romliTganaca-------~5.
specialurma komisiam 1836 wels daiwuna da nayalbevad
gamoacxada mxolod vaxtang mefis mier garsevaniSvilebisaTvis
micemuli 1708 wlis gujari6. mis bolos rusulad aris
miwerili, rom igi komisias warudgines aznaurobis maZiebelma
dimitri garsevanovis Svilebma ivanem da Teodosma. gujaris
ganxilva moxda 1836 wlis 24 seqtembers da igi miCneuli iqna
yalbad. komisiam gujari ukan daubruna warmdgenebs. yovelive
amis Sesaxeb komisiam acnoba aznaurTa krebas 1837 wlis 4
aprils.
ar vici komisiam ra mizeziT CaTvala sigeli nayalbevad.
albaT, sadme daculia is Jurnali, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo
komisiis wevrebis mier gamoTqmuli eWvebi da Camoyalibebuli
iyo Sesabamisi daskvna. magram erTi ram mainc gansakuTrebiT
TvalSi sacemia: qarTulad Sedgenil dokumentSi, romelic
1 ar ikiTxeba, savaraudod unda iyos: gvarovnuloba.

2 1649 w.
3 laparakia vaxtang V Sahnavazze.
4 Secdomaa. unda iyos 1708 weli.
5 gsiem, #7602/876. bolo sami xazi ar ikuTxeba.
6 `Документ сей представленный Иваном и Теодозом (:Фаддеем:) Дмитриевыми
сыновьями Гарсевановыми на право отискиваемого (sic) ими дворянства

журналом коммисии Высочайше учрежденной в Тифлисе для разсмотрения
Грузинских и имеретинских царских документов 24 сентября 1836 года
состоявшимся по изложенным в журнале причинам признан фальшивым.
Журнал сей утвержден Г. Главноуправляющим в Грузии Бароном Розеном 1-м
предписанием его, данным коммисии от 16 декабря 1836 года за №102; о
чем с возвращением сего документа коммисия подробно уведомила
Грузинское дворянское собрание от 4 Апреля 1837 года № 846~. iqve, gv.
28. gsiem, #7602/433.
519
daTariRebulia 1708 wliT, garsevaniSvilebi moixsenebian gar-
sevanovebad, rac seriozul eWvs badebs, rom dokumenti Sed-
genilia miTiTebul wels.
sxva sabuTebTan mimarTebaSi, rogorc Cans, komisias ar hqo-
nda raime pretenzia. magram saZiebeli wodebis mopoveba ieses
sakmaod didi xniT daugvianda.
savaraudoa, rom iesem mogvianebiT komisias warudgina dama-
tebiTi sarwmuno sabuTi da mizansac miaRwia: piradad mas da
misi Zmis, svimonis ojaxs aznauroba daumtkices. masTan erTad
aznaurobi gaxdnen misi ZmisSvilebi: 15 wlis aleqsandre, misi
debi _ 11 wlis sofia da 7 wlis melania, maTi deda _ 30 wlis
elisabedi. mowmobaSi aRniSnulia, rom iese, aleqsandre da
misi ojaxis wevrebis gvari namdvilad Setanilia erekle mefis
mier 1783 wels ekaterine II-isaTvis wardgenil qarTvel az-
naurTa saerTo siaSi 498 nomriT, romelic damtkicebulia 1847
wlis 26 noembers1.
5. iesesTvis ucxo ar iyo qvelmoqmedeba. arsebobs moxsene-
biTi baraTi ieses da aleqsandresi, romliTac isini mimarTaven
kavkasiis mTavarmarTebels, rom survili aqvT TavianTi sagva-
1
`СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВО. ВЫСОЧАЙШЕ учрежденная в городе Тифлисе Коммисия для
приведения в известность лице, принадлежащих Грузинским княжеским и
дворянским фамилиям, сем свидетельствует что Дворянин Священник Яeсе
Яковлев синь Гарсеванов garsevanasSvili 53 лет с племянником его Александром
Свимоновым сыном 15 лет, сестрами сего: Софию 11 лет, Меланию 7 лет и
материю их Елисаветою 30 лет и признан Коммисиею действительно
принадлежащим к тому дворянинскому роду Гарсеванових, который показан
Царем Ираклием в списке составленном в дополнение к 9-му артикулу
заключенному им в 1783 году с ИМПЕРАТРИЦЕЮ Екатериною II Трактата и по
протоколу состоявшемуся 26го Ноября 1847го года, он дворянин Яссе с
семейством внесен под №498м в общий список Грузинских князей и дворян,
представленный на ВЫСОЧАЙШЕЕ утверждение, на основании Именнаго ЕГО
ИМПЕРАТОРСКАГО ВЕЛИЧЕСТВА указа, даннаго Правителствующему Сенату
в 30 день Марта 1846 года. В удостворение чего изготовлено, для выдачи ему
Дворянину Яссе Гарсеванову, по утверждении, сие свидетельство, которое
имеет заменять ему во всех случаях грамоту на сие достоинство. Тифлис Мая
2го дня 1849 года~ (xelmowerebi). gsiem,@#7602/433.
520
reulo mamulis nawili yirimis omSi daRupulTa da dasaxi-
CrebulTa oblebis sasargeblod Sewiron1.
6. ieses cxovrebis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens misi ur-
TierToba grigol wereTelTan.
seminariis axalkursdamTavrebuli iese imdenad ganaTlebu-
li pedgogisa da rusulidan qarTulad mTrgmnelis saxeliT
sargeblobda, rom rogorc qvemoT damowmebuli dokumentebi-
dan irkveva, 1814 wlidan imereTSi ambiciuri zurab wereTlis
Svilebis aRzrda-ganaTlebisaTvis miiwvies.
jer kidev 1817 wels, imereTSi yofnis dros, ieses dauweria
`porfiriosis xuTi xma~. amasTan dakavSirebiT iese wers: `mis-
man RmerTSemosilebaman diakon-monazonman gulubadman mRvdel-
monazneobisa xarisxsa mowevnad, naTesavT odiSarTa, dabisagan
mciredis guriisa saxelwodebiT petre, udabnoiT imereTis
naTlismcemis monasters gamadla wigni ase, mecniersa saqone-
beli, porfiriosis xuTi xma, drosa imereTad yofsa Cemisasa,
odes igi vaswavebd yma-wulTa wereTel-sardarxucesis zurabi-
saTa mosriulebr da qarTul yovliTurT uciloblad da
gamuxueblad pativiTa, naTesavT qarTvelisa aznaurT tomisa-
ganisa saxeliT ZvelisaT iesesTave nawarmoebisa, mamisagan
iakobisa, qalaqisagan gorad wodebulisa tfilisis qalaqad
saswavosa S~†na sakeTilSobilosa, qristes aqaTisa Cyiz welsa,
saricxvlisa, noembers orsamobisa...~2
rogorc Cans, zurab wereTels Zlier moewona axalgazrda
ieses ganswavluloba da misi naSromi. Tumca ra gasakviria
ieses aseTi warmateba. man xom specialurad `Seswvla monast-
rebsa sruli qarTuli galoba, filosofia, RvTismetyveleba~,
aRniSnulia `T~ sqolios dasasruls.
gansakuTrebuli, megobruli da saqmiani iyo grigol wereT-
lisa da ieses uრTierToba.
grigol zurabis Ze wereTeli (1787-1843) iyo imereTis sax-
lTuxucesis zurab qaixosros Ze wereTelis († 1823) da Tamar
dadianis († 1823 w.) ufrosi Svili. grigols hyavda sami vaJi:
1 gsiem,@#7602/796.
2 gsiem, #7602/731
521
aleqsandre, dimitri da samsoni1. mas polkovnikis Cini hqonda
da ara general-maiorisa, rogorc al. garsevaniSvili wers.
grigols, rodesac iese misi Svilebis maswavlebeli iyo maSin
maioris Cini hqonda. iesem grigolis ojaxSi gaatara oTx
weliwad naxevari da `Rame da dRisi ara dascxreboda swavlas
maTsa, aramed sxvaTac mravalT saWiroTa saqmeTa wargvimar-
Tavda yovliTa morCilebiTa rogoraca samRvdelos kacs Sve-
nis da radgan ase saWiro sayvareli da erTguli iyo Cveni da
samRvdelosa da samoqalaqosa swavlasa Sina Semwe, amisTvis
eZleoda Cvengan erTi xeli tanisamosi da Tvrameti Tumani
fuli da sxva pativiscema...~ ase axasiaTebs grigol wereTeli
ieses.2
ieses, rogorc pedagogisa da aRmzrdelis saqmianobaze rac
aRiniSna, amis meti sxva araferia cnobili. samagierod sakmao
warmodgena gvaqvs misi da grigol wereTlis urTierTobaze.
grigoli did interess amJRavnebda antikuri da evropuli
literaturisadmi. radgan XIX saukunis pirvel naxevaris
saqarTveloSi naklebad iyvnen berZnul-laTinuri da dasavleT
evropis enebis mcodneni, amitom dasaxelebuli literaturi-
sadmi interess rusulidan qarTulad TargmanebiT ikmayofi-
lebdnen. swored es ukanaskneli momenti daedo safuZvlad gri-
golisa da ieses megobrul da saqmian urTierTobas.
grigoli bibliofili iyo. man mravali Zveli xelnaweri
moagrova da TviTonac uyvarda xelnawerebis gadawera. misi bi-
blioTekis SvsebaSi didi wvlili hqonda ieseს. misi mdidar
biblioTeka memkvidreobiT ufrosi vaJis aleqsandres mflo-
belobaSi gadavida. am ukanasknelma wignebis mniSvnelovani
nawili 1884 wels `wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebas~
gadasca3.
davubrundeT ieses pedagogobas wereTlebiს ojaxSi. is
aleqsandres umcrosi Zmebis aRmzrdelad miuwveviaT.
1 berZniSvili m., masalebi XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTuli

sazogadoebriobis istoriisaTvis, II, Tb., 1983. gv. 241.
2 am werilis rusuli Targmani ix. gsiem, #7602/431.
3 berZniSvili m., masalebi XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTuli
sazogadoebriobis istoriisaTvis, II, gv. 242.
522
grigol wereTlisa da ieses urTierToba Tavidanve kargad
daiwyo. Tavadi yovelTvis cdilobda rac SeiZleboda gulis-
xmieri da xelgaSlili yofiliyo mis mimarT. rogorc Cans man
kargad icoda ieses fasi da damyarebul megobrobas ufrTxil-
deboda. amgvari paTosiTaa dawerili misi 1817 wlis noemberSi
iesesaTvis gagzavnili werili. grigoli, rogorc werilidan
Cans, ieses asaCuqrebs daaxloebiT 75 Tumnad Rirebuli pirut-
yviT, qsovilebiT, ymebiT da sxv.
ùfals ieses vaZlevT amas qvemoT rac daiwereba megobro-
biT Torem, rom es nivTebi gaiyidos sul met fasad Rirs
RmerTman icis, da me radgan megobroba minda masTan amas ase
mivarTmevT sakuTrad CuÀns ganTavisebuls nivTebs:
q: cameti minalTuni fuli:
q: CuÀni sakuTari ymani orni Zmanebi, TviTo TviTo eqvs-eqvs
Tumnad Rirebulni migvicia:
q. aTi Tumani TeTri:
q. ToTxmeti Tumani oqroebi or maneTs nakleb:
q. uRel kambeCi Svid Tumnad:
q. cali zaqiani kambeCi orTuman naxebrad:
q. ori Ãboiani Zroxebi or Tumnad.
q. uReli xari oTx Tumnad:
q. xaverdis bewviT gawyobili qaTibi oTx Tumnad:
q. puri oci kodi kodi da sxva wignebi orTumnad:
q. didi qvabi zarfoSiT da miliT gawyobili or Tumnad:
q: erTi maudi or Tumnad:
da sxva rac pativi hqonia am CuÀns ojaxSi da siyvaruli is
sxva aris da Semdgoms droebSiac Tu megobari iqneba, mec mego-
barive viqnebi:
T~di grigol wereTeli~1.
grigolma 1818 wlis 8 seqtembers dawera werili da mowmo-
ba romlis daniSnuleba da wardgenis adgili gaugebaria: `CyiÀ
welsa, sekdembris 8 dResa, Cven qvemo amissa xelis momwereli
imereTis Tavadi maiori grigori zurabis Ze wereTeli vaZlevT
mowmobasa amas gorels aznaursda samRvdelod ganmzadebuls
msgavsad winaparTasa ieses iakobis Zes garsevanovs, ase rom is
1 gsiem, #?
523
xsenebuli iese Cvenis brZanebiT movuwodeT Cvens ojaxSi Cvenis
SvilebisaTvis maswavlelad da Cvenis brZanebisaebr gvaxla da
gvaxldeboda oTx weliwads da naxevars, cxovrebas atarebda,
rogorc samRvdelos Svenis da aswavebdaca SeZlebisaebr. da
Cvenganac es wyaloba sWirda, romel weliwadSi erTs xels
tanis samoss da Tvramets Tumans TeTrs fuls miiRebda da
sxvanica pativiscemanica arave moakldebodis Cvengan, romlisT-
visaca vamtkicebT werilsa amas da mowmobasa: T~di imereTisa
grigol wereTeli~1.
grigol wereTlis 1825 wlis agvistos werilidan Cans, rom
ieses uTxovia erTi msaxuri biWi razec grigoli pasuxobs,
rom `Tumca SemeZlo agive wignTan gamomegzavna, magram gvaqvs
amazed mkacri aRkrZalva mTavrobisa da xelmwifebisgan romel
imerelTa glexTagani arRa miecesT samzRvars gareT yma
qarTvelTa da rosTa. amisTÂs me erTs ymas Sevayvanineb odi-
STgan da mogcem Sen mTavrisa dadianis werils Sen da
damtkicebT da iyav amaze gulsavse mosvenebiT...~2
werilidan irkveva, rom ieses grigol wereTlisaTvis
uTargmnia plutarqes Txzulebis erTi nawili da igi damkve-
TisaTvis gadaucia 1825 wlis agvistomde3, meore nawilic male,
imave wlis bolos dausrulebia.
rogorc iTqva, ieses da grigol wereTlis urTierToba iyo
Tbili da megobruli. amis maCvenebelia grigolis mier iesesT-
vis gagzvnili kidev erTi werili saCxeridan 1827 wels.
grigoli ieses auwyebs: àmas Tanave gigzavni orTa wignTa
plutarx y~d brZnisasa, rosiuliT eniTa da asoTa dabeWdilsa.
imediTa da amiT romel Sen SemZlebeli, sTargmni qarTulsa
zeda enasa kargad msaxurebisaTvis mamulsa Senisa...~4 magram
ieses mier plutarqes Txzulebis Targmna amiT ar damTavre-
bula. is grZeldeboda sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi. ase,
rom igi damTavrebuli ar iyo 1834 wlis ianvarSic ki.
7. did interss iwvevs ieses urTierToba daviT dadianTan
1 iqve, #7602/732.
2 iqve, 7602/765.
3 iqve, #7602/765.
4 iqve, #7602/748
524
zemoT citirebuli 1825 wlis werilidan ise Cans, rom
grigol wereTelma am dros daakavSira iese Tavis disSvilTan,
daviT dadianTan, rac uaryofs im mosazrebas, TiTqos sameg-
relos mTavarma levan V dadians Tavisi vaJisTvis, daviTi-
saTvis adreve hyavda miwveuli iese pedagogad. es mosazreba
modioda garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxis SeniSvnaSi naT-
qvamidan: èse iyo maswavlebeli mingrelis mTavrisa daviT
leonis Zisa safilosofosoTa da saRvTismetyveloTa hswav-
laTa~. magram amis damadasturebeli raime sabuTi ar Semxved-
ria. ar SemiZlia imis Tqma zemoT dasaxelebuli wlidan (1825)
daiwyo Tu ara mTavarsa da ieses Soris urTierToba, radgan
maT Soris miwer-moweris amsaxveli masalebi sakmaod gvian
periodidan aris.
Aაmdenad, ararealuria sqolios is cnoba, romlis mixed-
viTac iese jer daviT dadianis maswavlebeli iyo, Semdeg ki
gaxda `maswavlebeli Tavadis Reneral-maioris grigol zura-
bis Zis Svilebisa, garda awindelisa Zisa misisa aleqsand-
resi~1.
daviT dadianisa da ieses urTierTobis amsaxveli pirveli
werili ganekuTvneba 1833 wels. samegrelos mTavaris mem-
kvidrisaTvis ieses uTargmnia milotis istoriis ori tomi
`miToloRiiTurT~, `romlisTvis usagrZnobielesad gmadlob, _
wers daviT dadiani, _ biWs Tqven mier Txovnili msaxurad,
miiRebT~2. rogorc Cans, ieses dasaxelebuli wignebs Targni-
saTvis gasamrjelod dadianisgan yma biWi mosamsaxured mou-
Txovia. unda vifiqroT, rom es is yma ar aris, romelic iesem
grigol wereTels sTxova daaxloebiT rva wlis winaT. daviT
1 zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, iese grigol wereTelis ojaxSi

miiwvies misi Svilebis aleqsandres, qeTevanis da daviT dadianisa-
Tvis rusuli enis maswavleblad, rac simarTles ar Seefereba.
arc is aris simarTle, rom iese 1818 wels miiwvies wereTlis oja-
xSi da daviT dadianis maswavlebeli iyo. abuaSvili l., qarTveli
mwignobari iese garsevaniSvili, gv. 144. es mosazreba gaiziara i.
alimbaraSvilma. ix. misi oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis istoriidan,
gv. 58. ieses arc grigol wereTlis Svilebis - aleqsandres da
qeTevanis aRzrda-ganaTlebaSi miuRia monawileoba.
2 iqve, #7602/609.
525
dadiani ieses damatebiT sTxovs imave avtoris 3-6 tomis
Targmans. `da aRgiTqvamT kvlav miiRebT jildod, ara Tu biWs,
yovelTvis Seni mwyalobeli var, ecade sul male Targmno es
oTxi tomi. saaRdgomod egeb morCe. Seni daviT dadiani. gTxov
momwerde xSirad wigns~.
xelnawerTa erovnuli centris fondSi aris abati milotis
Txzulebis rva wigni (13 tomi), anu nawili. meore tomis pirvel
gverdze warwera gvamcnobs: `me pirvelad vaTargmnine safasiTa
CemiTa qarTulsa zeda enasa yovlad sazogadoÁ ese istoria
meocesa welsa Sina SobiTgan Cemisa. samegrelos samTavros
memkvidre daviT dadiani pirveli. welTa ganxorcielebiTgan
uflisa 1833 w.~ mTargmnelis winasityvaobas xels awers: `Tqu-
Àni R~Tisad mvedri uRirsi mRvdeli iese garsevanovi~. Tav-
furcelze vkiTxulobT: `Txzuli abbaT miloTisa, Targmnili
фrancuzTa ÃmaTagan rusulad, da mier qarTulad: iasese mier
garsevanovisa mRvdlisa~1. mesame nawilis minaweri: `Ä~ daviT,
miiRen axal-gamonacemis naTxzis naTargmanebi ese, niSad Senisa
Cemda aRuxorcebelisa samegobroisa saxsovrobisa... me Tqven
msaxuryofili, da myofi, da yofadiRa: iese mRvdeli garsevani-
Svili~2. daaxloebiT igive Sinaarsis warwerebia sxva wigne-
bzec.
meSvide nawili iese garsevaniSvils gorSi uTargmnia, rac
Cans minaweridan: àra uRuawad naTargmanebi m: ie: garsev: q. g.~3
rac ikiTxeba: `mRvdeli iese garsevanovi, qalaqi gori~. sainte-
resoa im wignebs sad Targmnida iese, romlebzec ar aris aRni-
Snuli Targmanis Sesrulebis adgili?
mecxre, meTerTmete da mecamete nawilebic naTargmnia gor-
4
Si .
arsebobs herodotes ìstoriis~ xelnaweri, romlis minawe-
ri exmaureba `T~ SeniSvnas. minaweri gvamcnobs, rom 1838 wlis
30 seqtembers daviT dadianma Tavis biZa (dedis Zma) grigol
wereTls aCuqa `Rerodotis istoria~: `CelÀ-sa welsa sekdem-
bris l-sa maCuqa C~a diswulma daviT dadianma me mis biZas
1 Jordania T., qronikebi, gv. 529.
2 iqve, gv. 531.
3 iqve, gv. 532.
4 iqve, gv. 532-533.
526
grigol wereTels es Rerodotis istoria~. igive grigol were-
Teli zustad erTi wlis Semdeg wers, rom dasaxelebuli wig-
nis meore nawilic mas ekuTvnis: ìstoria ese ekuTvnis grigol
zurabis Zes wereTels, CylT-is wlis sekdembris ocdaaTidam~1.
maSasadame, grigol wereTels iesem iliada uTargmna, xolo
daviT dadianma imave grigols ieses naTargmni `Rerodotis
istoria~ aCuqa2.
unda aRiniSnos, rom samegrelos ukanaskneli mTavari
daviT levanis Ze dadiani (1840-1853) gamoirCeoda evropuli
ganaTlebiT, erkveoda Tanamedrove politikur cxovrebaSi da
samTavros marTvis reformac gaatara. daviTi mTargmnelobaSic
cdida kalams da iesesTan TanamSromlobda. plutarqes naSro-
mis TargmanTan dakavSirebiT daviT dadiani wers: `vinaidan
ganmecada margeoba da sitkbo plutarxosis didTa mamacTa
cxovrebis aRwerisa aRviZar surviliT gadmocemad Cvensa zeda
enasa, sargod sayvarelisa Cemisa mamulisa da mravlis SromiT,
vaTargmnine wigni ese mRvdels iase garsevanovs, da meca gaswo-
rebiTa da sxolionTa dasmiTa Semxvda diadi Srvma (sic), male
moyvanad sisruleSid survili igi Cemi. aw warmkiTxvelTa
siyvarulTa Tana memamuleTa vsTxov SendobiT momxsen meyon.
da vinca daiwunoT, amas xels nu axlebT da ukeTesad
sTargmneT f~d moxaruli viqnebi: memkvidre mengreliisa
daviT~3. sayuradReboa, rom sruliad axalgazrda daviT dadi-
ani imdenad ganswavluli iyo antikur istoriasa da mwerlo-
baSi, rom ieses naTargmn wignebs TviTon urTavda `sxolioebs~.
samegrelos istoriis mkvlevarebi erTxmad aRniSnaven da-
viT dadianis moRvaweobis dadebiT mxareebs, mis ganaTlebas4,
1 Jordania T., qronikebi, III, gv. 541.

2 iqve.
3 Jordania T., qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da
mwerlobisa Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T.

Jordanias mier. wigni mesame (1700 wlidan XIX saukunis 60-ian
wlebamde), gv. 536.
4 borozdini k., samegrelo da svaneTi. 18854-1861. tf., 1934; meunargia i.,
samegrelos samTavros ukanaskneli periodi da daviT dadiani, Tb.,

1939; maklaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, Tb., 2006, gv.
527
magram isini arafers amboben iese garsevaniSvilis mier daviT
dadianis ganaTlebaSi Setanili wvlilis Sesaxeb. mkvlevarebi
arafers amboben, imitom, rom maTTvis ucnobi iyo garseva-
niSvilebis `genialogiis Sto~, romelSic, rogorc dgindeba
aleqsandre garsevaniSvilma usafuZvlod miawera ieses daviT
dadianis aRzrda-ganaTlebaSi monawileoba. rogorc Cans daviT
dadians imdenad kargi ganaTleba hqonda miRebuli, rom gar-
kveul pretenziebs uyenebda ieses, gansakuTrebiT uwunebda qar-
Tulad Targmnis stils, romelic ar Seesabameboda samegre-
los mTavris gemovnebas.
ra pretenzias uyenebda samegrelos mTavari gorel mRvd-
els kargad Cans mis mier iesesaTvis gorSi gagzavnili mcire
werilidan: `gors 29s maiss 1834sa welsa qalaqiT tiflisiT.
danaSauli var mamao iase wignis pasuxi rom amdens xans ver
mogwereT winad madlobisa tacitosisaTvis. romelic Tumca
kargaT aris Targmnili magram metad daRvlaWnili aris rom
meti ar iqmneba. asre rom iZulebuli viyavi gamesworebina da
meoreTnuca gamkacrdebi da umetesad gancxaddebiT da mdabioT
gardmoiReb. amasTana gigzavni Cemis konstantines xeliT tele-
maxosis wigns romelsac gTxov mama Svilobas male miTargmne
mSvenier sityvaobiT da cxadaT uiWvod am zafxulSi, romlis-
Tvisac vadas gaZlev sams Tves, ese igi damlevs agvistos mza
iyos...~1.
rogorc Cans, daviT dadianisa da iese garsevaniSvilis
TanamSromlobaSi Seferxebebi iyo. ukmayofileba iesesgan
modioda. igi Tavs aridebda odiSis mTavris dakveTebis Sesru-
lebas ramdenime mniSvnelovani mizezis gamo: 1. iese ukmayofi-
lo iyo Tavisi Sromis anazRaurebiT; 2. im SeniSvnebiT, rome-
lsac mTavari mis mier Sesrulebuli Targmanis mimarT gamoT-
qvamda da 3. SeiZleba imis gamoc, rom mTavari yovelTvis aCqa-
rebda ieses dakveTis Sesasruleblad.
gavecnoT daviTis kidev erT werils: `1836 welsa ianvarsa
30s zugdids. mamao da Cemo megobaro iese garsevanov. msurs
230-234; kalandia g., daviT dadiani. saqarTvelos encikopedia, Tb.,

2012, gv. 286-287.
1 gsiem, #7602/1037. xazgasma Cemia.
528
Tqveni mSvidoba. mikvirs raT miatoveT Cemi wignebis Targmna.
vici Sesrulebuli geqneba maS raT ar momitane Senis xeliT
anu ar gamomigzavne. bevrs mogcemdi gaCuqebdi wyalobiT da
gagiSvebdi. gigzavni amasTanave oTx Tumca patara wignebs
magra Cinebuls. eseni unda miTargmno tkbilsa da lamaz
enazed qarTulaT. es wignebi aris iliada1. aRdgomamdis unda
Semisrulo da gamomigzavno Senis Zmis xeliT anu TviTon Sen
momomitane Senis xeliT. sulerTia. da sxvebic rac wignebi
gqondes Targmnili erTaT gamomigzavne Cemo iase anu momitane.
uTuoT es asre qmeni. aRdgoma modis ar sTargmno ar iqneba.
aRgiTqvam dids da sakadriss niWs. anu mizds. uTuoT an Senis
xeliT an Senis Zmis xeliT saaRdgomoT unda momivides
danaSTeni milotis istoria Targmnli2 da es oTxi wigni ili-
ada. magrame iliada CinebulaT sTargmne. saxelebi ar gamo-
scvalo... memkvidre samengrelosi daviT dadiani~3.
kidev aris erTi uTariRo werili, romelSic daviT dadiani
ieses sTxovs gaugzavnos is wignebi, romlebic ukve Targmnili
aqvs. yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba, rom iese ar pasuxobda
dadianis werilebze. am ukanasknel uTariRo werilSi daviTi
sayvedurs gamoTqvams ieses amgvari moqmedebis gamo: `Cemma kac-
ma rom giTxra Cemi SamoTvlili ratom ara gamec pasuxi~ _
wers ganawyenebuli samegrelos mTavari4.
8. iese garsevaniSvilis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba mxo-
lod grigol wereTlis da daviT dadianis dakveTebis Sesru-
lebiT ar amoiwureboda. al. garsevaniSvili gansakuTrebiT
aRniSnavs ieses im Rvawls, romelic man gaswia istoriuli da
wminda mamaTa cxovrebis amsaxveli literaturis TargmnaSi
rusulidan qarTulad da maT asaxelebs kidec. STambeWdavia
ieses mier Targmnili antikuri mwerlebisa da politikuri
moRvaweebis TxzulebaTa raodenoba. man Targmna zogierTi
Tanamedrove rusi mwerlis Txzuleba.
1 xazgasmulia daviT dadianis mier.

2 rogorc Cans, 1833 wels ieses milotis Txzulebis mesamedan meeqvse
tomamde Targmani jer kidev dasrulebuli ar hqonda. yovel
SemTxvevaSi Targmani dadianamde ar iyo misuli.
3 gsiem, #7602/752.
4 iqve, 7602/768.
529
ieses Semoqmedeba ucnobi iyo XIX-XX saukuneTa ara mxo-
lod zogadad qarTuli wignieri sazogadoebisaTvis, aramed
mTargmnelebisa da mkvlevarTaTvisac ki. mizezi amisa iyo is
usaxsroba, rasac iese ganicdida mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.
Cvenamde moRweuli masalebidan Cans, rom mas rac Semosavali
hqonda mTlianad oqonis eklesias axmarda. zogierT amgvar
magaliTs zemoT ukve gavecaniT.
ieses mier naTargmni xelnaweri wignebis umetesoba dadiane-
bisa da wereTlebis biblioTekebidan gadavida `qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis~ fondSi.
isini T. Jordaniam aRricxa. wignebis Sesaxeb informacia Sesu-
lia misi qronikebis III wignSi1. SemdegSi `sazogadoebis~ fondi
gadavida korneli kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa erovnul
centrSi, sadac daculia amJamadac.
ieses mier naTargmni wignebis is mniSvnelovani nawili, ro-
mlebic man Tavis memkvidre aleqsandres dautova, daculia
goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi2. ramdenad ucnobi iyo
iese garsevaniSvilis Semoqmedeba XIX saukunis qarTuli sazo-
gadoebisaTvis, Cans qarTuli mwerlobis SesaniSnavi mcodnis
Tedo Jordanias Semdeg SeniSvnaSi: `1834 w. viRac ieses uTar-
gmnia Cinebulis qarTulis eniT `mimosvlani telemaqosni~, qmni-
li fenelonesi... imav ieses uTargmnia `welTa aRwera~ korne-
lios tacitisa... ipoeba nawyveti plutarxosis cxovrebisa da
`tragedia aRziarisa da zamrisa~ anu àmerikelni~ mSvenierad
naTargmni, da geografia hirodotesi~3.
iese goris eklesiebis xelmZRvanelebis dakveTiTac axdenda
sxvadasxva wignebis Targmna-gadaweras. 1829 wlis 7 Tebervals
gacemuli mowmobidan vigebT, rom goris `sablaRoCinos~ mRvd-
lebs iesesTvis garkveuli Tanxa gadauxdiaT maTTvis sainte-
reso literaturis TargmanSi, magram mTavari is aris, rom
isini gansakuTrebiT xazs usvamen ieses keTilsindisierebas:
`rogorc Cveni brZaneba gvinaxams, da saxeldob: kondakisaTvis
mogvicia cameti abazi TeTri fuli, rasdgan cxeni da kaci ara
gyvanda da gvTxove or ori Sauri Senis gamogzavnulis kaci-
1 Jordania, qronikebi, III, gv. 529-541.

2 abuaSvili l., qarTveli mwignobari iese garsevaniSvili, gv. 145-147
3 iqve, gv. 534.
530
saTvis. daviTnisa Tvis TerTmeti Sauri; saxarebis Targmnisa-
Tvis Svidi abazi, radgan maszed eqsarxis brZaneba ar gqonda;
ReoRrafulis leqsikonisaTvis, romelic Cvenis nebiT viyideT
zogTa da ara yvelama eqvsi abazi da uzalTuni da saxare-
bisaTvis TerTmeti uzalTuni da Sauri, da aras wels araodes
arca Cvengan da arc Cvenis prixodisagan arc fulad da arc
nivTad, ara aTis Tavi da arc sablaRoCino ar agiRia...~1.
aseTi iyo iese garsevaniSvilis samwerlobo-mTargmnelobi-
Ti Semoqmedeba.
9. aleqsandre garsevaniSvili wuxiliT aRniSnavs, rom iese
`bedSavi~ da simarTlisTvis usamarTlod iyo dasjili. arse-
bobs ieses amgvari mgomareobis amsaxveli dokumentebi, rom-
lebic XIX saukunis 50-60-iani wlebis mijnas ganekuTvneba.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs is werilebi dawerili
qarTul da rusul enebze, romlebSic iese TviTon mogviT-
xrobs im tragediaze, romelSic is aRmoCnda sicocxlis bolo
wlebSi.
erT-erT werilSi (1861 wlis 19 aprili), romlis adresatia
moskovSi mcxovrebi vinme mama mixail gurgeniZe, iese acnobebs
im provokaciebis Sesaxeb, romelsac uwyobda mis eklesiaSi
momsaxure, misi moadgile diakvani zaqaria kopinovi. kopinovs
mRvdlis adgilis dakaveba undoda. man ramdenjerme daasmina
iese, viTomc am ukanasknels smena da mxedveloba hqonda daq-
veiTebuli da Rrma moxucebulobis gamo ar SeeZlo mrevlis
gaZRola. gamoZiebis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom kopinovma tyuili
moigona. amgvari saqcielis gamo kopinovi Searcxvines da
saxalxod muxlis òrmagad~ moyriT dasajes. magram kopinovi
mainc ar isvenebda. man aseT xerxs mimarTa: saeklesio wignSi
morwmuneni an sarTod ar Sehyavda, an saxelsa da gvars ar uwe-
rda, an umaxinjebda, riTac mRvdlis qmediTunarianobis dakni-
nebas cdilobda. amiT mas undoda saeklesio saqmeebis war-
moebaSi gaeCina xarvezebi da ieses arakompetenturoba gamoeaS-
karavebina da saegzarxოsos yuradReba miepyro.
zaqaria kopinovma 1859 wels iese qarTlisa da kaxeTis
egzarqoz evsevisTan daasmina, viTom man gorSi mcxovreb daviT
1 gsiem, #7602/31.
531
samsonaSvilis arasrulasakovan qals, Tamars jvari daswera.
marTalia arc es braldeba dadasturda (jvrisweris dros
qali ukve 13 wlis iyo), magram iese mainc damnaSaved cnes,
radgan man sapatarZlos dabadebis mowmoba ar mosTxova da
arc aRsarebis siaSi Cawera. rodesac ieses werilebs da egza-
rqosis brZanebebis amsaxvel dokumentebs vecnobiT, iseTi
STabeWdileba meqmneba, rom egzarqosi da maRali samRvdeloeba
dainteresebulni iyvnen iese eklesiisaTvis CamoeSorebinaT.
saegzarqosoSi gadawyvites: ieses, romelmac TiTqos arasrul-
wlovan qals jvari daswera àmisaTvis prixodi CamoerTvas da
naTesavebs Cabardeso, raTa arCinono~, ganaCeni sisruleSi iqna
moyvanili 1861 wlis 22 Tebervals. ieses piradi da mamapapeuli
eklesiebi, mamulebi da sxva sakuTreba CamoarTves da mRvdel-
moqmedebac aukrZales. ase daasrula iesem 44 wliani eklesi-
uri moRvaweoba.
iesem ciliswamebluri da gamouZiebeli ganaCenis gamo bev-
rjer iCivla magram samarTali ver naxa. iese mama mixail gur-
geniZes mimarTavs: `darwmunebuli var mamao! Tqven mamaSvilur
siyvarulzeda, amisTvis yovlis mxrivaT Sewuxebuli gTxovT
mamao, moskovidam, Tu peterburRs wasvliTa, sinodis sekreta-
rTan da prokurorTan SemewioT amazed, rom kantoris ganaCeni
moSalon, vidre sinodi saqmes ganixilavdes manamde mamcen isev
Cemi eklesiebi da isev is prixodi, radganac gamouZieblad da
usamarTlod, daumtkiceblad var dasjili, da sinodma, Semdeg
eklesiebis mocemisa daniSnos zemoaRwerils sam punqtzed ga-
moZieba, rom Tavi vimarTlo. raRa vedreba gindaT, rac SeiZ-
lebodes, RvTis gulisaTvis Semewie, rom me am ubedurebaSi,
cocxali ar davimarxo. amazed saCqarod macnobeT pasuxi... nu
aTqmevineb Cem mtrebsa, rom oxeri yofila da upatrono, amaze
nametnavad aCvene yvelas Cemi siyvaruli. maT uganaTlebule-
sobas, mefis Zes irakli grigoris Zesa1 da imaTs ganaTlebuls
saxlobasa da sxvaTa batonis SvilebTa, da visac icnobdeT
did kacTa moskovSi, Tu peterburRSi, sul Zalian SemavedreT
da SemaxveweT, rom uTuod miSvelon rame. agreTve koleJski
1 batoniSvili erekle, giorgi XII-is Ze.
532
sovetniksa iese dekanozis Zesa1 Cubinovsac daviTsa2 romelic
exla ufals brosesTanac3 SemaxveweT, Semewios, imaTs saxlSi
var gazrdili da imis mamis beWdis Semcvlelica var. sadac
SeiZlebodes da visTanac moxerxdebodes, yvelasTan SemewieT,
rom eklesiebi da isev is goris oqonis xatis prixodi mamcen,
Tqvens Semweobas nu dazogavT Cemzed. Cema diswulma levan
Tulaevma mdablad Tavi dagikraT da mokiTxva mogaxsenaT da
imanac Cemi Semweoba didis vedrebiT gTxovaT...~4
mama mixaels iese imasac acnobebs, rogor daudga mas gve-
rdSi mrevli. maTma naxevarma did marxvaSi uari Tqva ziarebasa
da aRsarebaze, radga isini sxva mRvdels moZRvrad ar aRi-
arebdnen. sainteresoa, rom erTi mrevlTagani iesesadmi mxa-
rdaWerisa da protestis gamo uziarebeli mokvda. ase gauxada
uwyalo egzarqosma mrevls saqme da mec sibereSi gamau-
bedurao, wers iese5. oqonis mrevli rom ieses garda sxva
mRvdels Tavis moZRvrad ar cnobda, iese srul simarTles am-
bobda, amis damadasturebeli rusulad daweril sabuTs exla
gavecnobiT.
1861 wlis 26 Tebervals, goris miZinebis eklesiis mrevlma
egzarqos evsevis mimarTa TxovniT: `SevityeT CvenTvis sruliad
samwuxaro ambavi, rom Cveni moZRvari aznauri mRvdeli iese
garsevanovi saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kontoris gada-
wyvetilebiT mcire SecdomisaTvis garicxulia Statidan moxu-
cebulobis gamo. sulierad vwuxvarT misi ubedurebis gamo.
vbedavT mogaxsenoT Tqven wminda meufeo, rom mRvdeli iese
garsevanovi msaxurobs TiTqmis 44 weliwadia Tavis winaprebis
magaliTis mixedviT am miZinebis eklesiaSi, romelic ekuTvnis
1 daviT ieses Ze CubinaSvili (1780-1821) _ gramatikosi, mTargmneli.

abesaZe n., masalebi erTi nabeWdi qarTuli gramatikis avtoris
sakiTxisaTvis // macne, 1967, #1, gv. 234-241.
2 daviT ieses Ze CubinaSvili (1814-1891) _ enaTmecnieri, leqsikografi,
literaraturTmcodne. SaraZe g,. daviT CubinaSvili _ rusTve-
lologi, Tb., 1982.
3 mari felisite brose (1802-1880) _ frangi orientalisti da qarTve-
lologi. xanTaZe S., mari brose, Tb., 1966.
4 gsiem, #7602/1014.
5 iqve, gv. 5.
533
maT gvars. is sworad da sindisierad moqceviT gviCvnebs gzas
sikeTisaken da Cven mrevlisadmi mis swori da gulmodgine msa-
xurebiT sruliad kmayofilni varT, miuxedavad imisa, rom is
asakSia yoveldRiuri msaxurebisas mrevlisa da eklesiis mi-
marT aris mxned, viTarc axalgazrda.
amitom wminda meufev, misi erTguli, friad Zneli da
xangrZlivi samsaxurisaTvis Cveni da wminda sakurTxeveli-
sadmi, gTxovT mRvdel garsevanov ieses gadasceT goris miZi-
nebis samrevlo eklesia, radgan Cven sxva mwyemsi misi, garse-
vanovis garda ar gvsurs------1 iyves Cveni sulieri mama vidre
cocxalia.
goris miZinebis eklesiis mTeli samwymso Tqveni maRali
yovlad samRvdeloebisagan elodeba mowyale rezolucias did-
marxvisaTvis~. Txovnas axlavs 70 xelmowera2.
iolad misaxvedria, rogor mouTmenlad eloda iese mosko-
vidan mama mixail gurgeniZis pasuxs. da ai, 1861 wlis mkaTaTvis
(ivlisi) 24-Si miiRo imave wlis 28 ivniss gamogzavnili
araviTari imedis momcemi werili: ùpativcemuleso mamao iese!
ukacraoT gaxlavar aqamdis pasuxi Tqvenis wignisa ver moga-
rTvi. daCaSi gaxldiT da imis gamoisobiT dagigvianeT. bato-
nisSvilebi irakli da oqropiri3 gardaicvalnen. batonis
rZalic4 italiaSi aris Tavisis SvilebiT1. ilia batonis
1 sami sityva ar ikiTxeba.

2 gsiem, #7602/361.
3 oqropir batoniSvili, giorgi XII-isa da Mmariam ciciSvilis vaJi
(1794-1857), 1803 wels dedasa da da-ZmebTan erTad gadaasaxles ru-
seTSi. samxedro samsaxuridan gadadga poruCikis CiniT. colad
SeirTo saxelmwifo sabWos wevrisa da senatoris graf pavle
ivanes Ze kutaisovis (1780-1840) asuli ana. 1829-1830 wlebSi
imyofeboda TbilisSi. 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis gamJRavnebis Semdeg,
oqropiri, rogorc SeTqmulebis sulisCamdgmeli kostromaSi gada-
asaxles. 1850 wels droebiT gamouSves saqarTveloSi. igi 1857
wels gardaicvala moskovSi. baramiZe ar., oqropir batoniSvili /
qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, t. 7, Tb., 1984, gv. 611.
http://www.history-ryazan.ru/node/10319
4 oqropir batoniSvilis meuRle ana graf pavle ivanes Ze kutaisovis
qali didxans cxovrobda sazRvargareT, iyo ganaTlebuli,
534
Svilis2 meuRlec sofelSi aris, amis gamoisobiT Tqvens saqmes
veras Semweobas miscemen, da arca vina hyavT sinodSi mcnobi
da naTesavebi. me mivawerine Cem mcnobs sinodis CinovnikTan
magram aramgonia rom isic gaxdes rame. mandauri egzarqos da
kantoris gankargulebas aq vgoneb ar moSlian, berebi Tavisas
aRasruleben. ZaRli ZaRlis Zvals ar gastexs. ra gaewyoba
Tumc didaT Sesawuxebeli saqme aris. xom icodiT rom magis-
Tana cudi diakoni gyvandaT. unda gafrTxilebuliyaviT.
aleqsandres, Tqven rZals da Zmiswulebs mraval mokiTxvas
movaxseneb.
Tqveni umorCilesi mosamsaxure dekanozi m. gurgeniZe.
Cy~a welsa ivnisis kÀ-dResa, moskoviT~3.
iese garsevaniSvilis yvela cda mieRwia reabilitaciisa-
Tvis uSedego aRmoCnda.
iese gardaicvala 1864 wlis 23 noembers. madlierma Zmis-
Svilma, aleqsandrem igi dakrZala missave naamagar goris
oqonis eklesiaSi.
aleqsandre svimonis Ze
garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxis Tavdapirveli varia-

nti, rogorc aRinSna, Seadgina cnobilma gorelma mweralma
aleqsandre svimonis Ze garsevaniSvilma (1831-1913) da amis
Sesaxeb mkiTxvels TviTonve amcno sagvareulo nusxis grag-
nilis saTaursa da bolo `sxolioSi~.
ar vici sad da rodis miiRo ganaTleba. cnobilia, rom
profesiiT notariusi iyo. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda
sTxzavda leqsebs, romansebs. gardaicvala 1868 wels

https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/; http://www.history-ryazan.ru/node/10319
1 oqropirsa da anas hyavdaT sami Svili: ana, giorgi da pavle.
2 ilia batoniSvili, giorgi XII-is Ze (1790-1854) dedofal mariamTan
erTad ruseTSi gadaasaxles 1808 wels, monawileobda 1812 wlis

omSi, 1823 w. polkovnikis wodebiT gadadga samxedro samsaxuridan
da moskovSi dasaxlda. abramiSvili a., qarTveli batoniSvilebis
saojaxo iumoridan //staliniris saxelomwifo pedagogiuri insti-
tutis Sromebi, 1959, t. 7; qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, t. 6, Tb.,
1980, gv. 106. https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/ილია ბატონიშვილი.
3 gsiem, #7602/758
535
Tavisi specialobiT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqSi _ foTSi,
quTaissa da gorSi.
aleqsandrec, iseve, rogorc misi gvaris sxva warmomadge-
nelni, gamoirCeoda Tavisi ganaTlebiT. al. garsevaniSvili
aqtiurad TanamSromlobda qarTul JurnalebSi. avtoria reli-
giis moRvaweTa cxovrebasa da istoriul Temebze gamoqve-
ynebuli werilebis da ormoqmedebiani komediis (`colebi
davkargeT~). sayuradReboa, Cem mier mravaljer damowmebuli
misi narkvevi _ `qalaqi gori da saswaul-moqmedi oqoniis
RvTismSoblis xati~.
am saintereso moRvawis Sesaxeb mxolod is aris cnobili
rac zemoT aRiniSna. xarvezis nawilobriv Sevseba SeiZleba
misi xeliT dawerili garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo genealo-
giis nusxisaTvis (avtori mas `Camomavlobis Stos~ an `Camo-
mavlobis xes~ uwodebs) darTul SeniSvnebSi, romelsac ukve
gavecaniT. Cans misi mravalmxrivi ganviTareba da zrunva
qarTuli sazogadoebis sulieri da materialuri moTxovni-
lebebis dakmayofilebisaTvis.
aleqsandre svimonis Ze mniSvnelovani uZravi qonebis mflo-
beli iyo. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi uZravi qoneba q.
gorSi. rogorc TviTin werda mas qonda:
`1. oTx aJiani1 qviTkiris saxli oxonjanaanTa da TuTaevisa
ioseb garsevaniSvils saxlebs Sua, oTxi wmida oTaxi, sakuWnao
(xafangi), kuxna, marani, sayinule~ (aleqsandres es yvelaferi
iesem dautova).
oriode sityva unda iTqvas am saxlis Sesaxeb. dReisaTvis
is aRar arsebobs. gaSenebuli iyo goris cixis borcvis Crdi-
lo kalTaze, 25 Tebervlis quCaze (amJamindeli mefe simon I-is
quCa ar vici gasabWoebamde ra erqva), # 27. nageboba mniSvnelo-
vani iyo rogorc xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli. igi gadaurCa 1920
wlis uZlieres miwisZvras da 1946 wlis im mewyersac, rome-
lmac gaanadgura mis mezoblad mdebare saxlebi.
goris saxelmwifo istoriul eTnografiuli muzeumis di-
reqtoris, sergo nadimaSvilis dakvirvebiT 1962 wels gar-
sevaniSvilebis saxlis sardafi warmoadgenda marans, romelic
samlocvelos daniSnulebasac asrulebda. rogorc misTvis uT-
1 albaT, unda iyos rusuli sityva _ ètaJiani~.
536
qvamT, am saxlidan saidumlo asasvleli adioda goris cixis
zRudemde.
garsevaniSvilebs am adgilas rom saxli hqondaT didi xnis
winaT, amaze gveubneba svimon I-is mier maTTvis boZebuli
sigeli. mefe uwyalobebs maTi saxlis gverdiT mdebare adgils
cixis ZirSi. garsevaniSvilebis saxls aRniSnuli periodis
arqiteqturis kvali XX s. 60-ian wlebSic ki SenarCunebuli
hqonda. misi istoriuli mniSvnelobis gamo iyo, rom anastasia
aleqsandres asulma garsevaniSvil-robaqiZisam 1938 wels Tavi-
si Zmis, cnobili pedagogis, aleqsandre aleqsandresZe garse-
vaniSvilis anderZis Tanaxmad, goris muzeums usasyidlod ga-
dasca Tavisi saxlis uZvelesi nawilis ori oTaxi. magram
sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo muzeumi, romelic saxlis istoriuli
mniSvnelobis gamo mis mTlianad gadacemas moiTxovda, sabo-
lood iqidan aRaraferi SerCa.
dReisaTvis garsevaniSvilebis saxlis mxolod ukana fasa-
dis kedlis fragmentia SemorCenili.
`2. rusubanSi meore saxli daTaZiseuli, alizisa da saxli
petre koxtaSvilisa da maZlevs qirasa _ oras maneTsa weli-
wadSia. es saxli me Sevisyide imisi dis qeTavanasagan aprilis
18sa da miveci aTi Tumani.
3. guliSambaraanTan gasayofi kvernaqzed miwebi urwyavi
ramdenime dRisa uflis cixis midgmamdin iakoba zubalovis
wisqvilis aswvriv~. (es yvelaferi dautova iesem).
4. venaxi goris RvTismSoblis eklesiis axlo mdebare
erTis dRis, Tavis sawnaxliTa da oTaxiTa.
5. Zvels poseleniaSi organ saxlebi: erTi foCtis kantoris
gverdzeda Tavis ezoTi Svid-----, Tavisis sakuWnaoTi (Чулан),
fexis adgiliTa da saqaTmiTa da samis nergiTa da WiTa.
6. am saxlebs ukan xis saxlebi xuT oTaxiani Tavisis
ezoTi, TavliTa da fexis adgiliTa. amave ezoSi Zveli saxli
or oTaxiani patara derefniTa~
iesem aleqsandres dautova mamulebi ruisSi, TedowmindaSi
da sxvagan1.
1 ix. ieses anderZis rusuli Targmani Sedgenili 1854 wlis 15

seqtembers. gsiem, #7602/379.
537
ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba da saqarTvelo
sqolionis mixedviT
am sakacobrio mniSvnelobis saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi

qarTvelTa monawileoba, romlebmac TavianTi poziciiT da
SeupovrobiT TanamedroveTa yuradReba daimsaxures, yovelTvis
gansjis sagani iqneba. aleqsandres mier SemoTavazebuli mokle
informacia gansxvavdeba krebis muSaobis Sesaxeb arsebuli
sxva wyaroebisgan. radganac es sakiTxi zogadad eklesiis is-
toriasTan da marTlmadidebluri da kaTolikuri eklesiebis
urTierTobis istoriis erT saintereso moments asaxavs, amitom
masze SedarebiT vrclad unda iTqvas.
saqarTvelo-romis urTierToba saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
yovelTvis erTgvarovani ar iyo. interesTa sxvadasxvaoba gan-
sakuTrebiT naTlad gamoCnda XV saukunidan. saqarTvelos
samefo kari miiswrafoda romis papis saSualebiT moepoebina
samxedro-politikuri mokavSire. magram am miznis gansaxorci-
elebis SemTxvevaSi surda xeluxleblad SeenarCunebina Tavisi
eklesiis damoukidebloba.
qarTuli saxelmwifos daSlis wina periodSi eklesiisa da
saero xelisufalTa Seudrekeli brZola marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis damoukideblobisa da TviTmyofadobis dacvisaTvis
reliefurad pirvelad gamoCnda ferara-florenciis saeklesio
krebaze1.
saqarTvelos warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb ucxour cnobebSi
uTanxmobaa: erTis mixedviT, isini orni iyvnen _ mitropoliti
da episkoposi, meores mixedviT, erTi episkoposi da meore
Tavadi – eriskaci. sxva cnobiT andronike iagrinma saqarT-
1 ferara-flrenciis saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi qarTvelTa mona-

wileobis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos
sagareo politika da diplomatia, III.
538
velodan waiyvana ori episkoposi, erTi elCi da iberiis mefis
gansakuTrebuli `senatorebi~2.
rodesac sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis warmomadgenelTa
prolaTinuri poziciebi gairkva, qarTvelma episkoposma sxdomebi
miatova da didi gasaWiriT konstantinopolSi dabrunda. meore
qarTveli romSi wavida, romelic papma TavisTan miiwvia da urCia
saqarTvelos eklesiis romis eklesiisadmi damorCileba, razec
qarTvelma iseTi pasuxi gasca, rom papi gaognebuli darCa.
sainteresoa saqarTvelos delegatebis vinaobis garkveva.
amaze evropuli wyaroebi arafers amboben. rusuli wyaroebis
mixedviT ki maTi saxelebi iyo ioane da grigoli. sxvadasxva
cnobebiT, erTi mitropoliti iyo, meore ki – episkoposi an erTi
episkoposi, meore _ Tavadi-eriskaci. varaudoben, rom eseni unda
yofiliyvnen manglel-Tbileli episkoposebi ioane da grigoli1.
ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis ESesaxeb, sruliad
gansxvavebul cnobebs vnaxulobT ioane batoniSvilis `xumar-
swavlaSi~. aq gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is, rac krebis mona-
wile qarTvelebs exeba. ioane batoniSvilis mixedviT, saekle-
sio krebas saqarTvelodan sami warmomadgeneli eswreboda.
orma maTganma, axtalis episkoposma danielma da Tavadma niko-
loz CerqeziSvilma (àRmwerman sagalobelTa da dasadebelTa
qarTvelT wmindaTasa~) xeli ar moaweres saeklesio krebis ga-
dawyvetilebas, xolo mesamem, imereTis episkoposma iakob `Se-
modgomelma~ (albaT, Semoqmedeli) ki moawera. àmas zeda
moaweres Ãeli berZenTa da rusTa, garna antioxiisa patriar-
xman ara moawera Ãeli, arca qarTvelT episkoposman axtali-
saman danielman da Tavadma CerqezisSvilman nikolaoz... xolo
imereTisa episkoposman iakob Semodgomelman moawera Ãeli~2.
aRiniSna, rom TanamedroveTa mier datovili cnobebiT, kre-
bas eswreboda is ori qarTveli, romlebzec zemoT iTqva.
2
Sirop S., Vera historia unionis non verae inter Graecos et Latinos. Hage-Comitis, 1660,
p. 45. JuJunaZe o., XV saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos
sagareo urTierTobis istoriisaTvis // qarTuli samefo-
samTavroebis sagareo politikis istoriidan, I, Tbilisi, 1970, gv.
15.
1 iqve, gv. 26.
2 batoniSvili ioane, xumarswavla (kalmasoba), gv. 350.
539
sainteresoa, rom krebaze damswre sxvaTa Soris, batoniSvili,
imas xazgasmiT aRniSnvs, rom xeli ar moawera antioqiis
patriarqmaco. unda aRiniSnos, rom ferara-florenciis saekle-
sio krebis masalebSi ar Cans antioqiis patriarqis monawi-
leoba, misi warmomadgeneli ki namdvilad eswreboda. antioqiis
patriarqze yuradRebas imitom vamaxvileb, rom feraraSic
qarTvelebma axsenes misi saxeli da patriarqis mier gacemuli
sigelic waradgines. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom antioqiis
sapatriarqom mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana XV s. meore naxe-
varSi erTiani qarTuli eklesiis gaxleCvasa da aseve qveynis
daSlaSi. amis Sesaxeb sxva dros.E
davubrundeT al. garsevaniSvilis mier datovil cnobebs
ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebaSi qarTveli sasuliero
pirebis monawileobis sakiTxs.
al. garsevaniSvilma sagvareulo nusxis `g~ SeniSvna mTli-
anad dauTmo Tavisi gvaris erT-erTi warmomadgenelis, `mec-
nier episkopos sofronis~ feraraSi yofnis sakiTxs.
episkoposi (mecnieri) sofroni iyo mefe konstantine I-is de-
kanozis, markoz garsevaniSvilis vaJi, romelic sagvareulo
nusxaSi oTxmocdameCvidmetea.
al. garsevaniSvilis monaTxrobs saeklesio krebis muSao-
baSi qarTvelebis monawileobis Sesaxeb axlavs zogierTi uzus-
toba: saeklesio kreba feraraSi ar mimdinareobda 1432-1433 wleb-
Si (unda iyos 1438-1439 wlebi); krebis muSaobis Sesaxeb arsebuli
arc erTi werilobiTi wyaro ar icnobs masSi monawile ori qar-
Tvelis erTnair saxels _ sofrons. magram is informacia, rome-
lic mocemulia sagvareulo nusxaSi, sainteresoa. simarTles
Seefereba qarTuli delegacia rom feraraSi saqarTvelos mefe
aleqsandre didma gagzavna. isic simarTlea, rom qarTvelebma
uari Tqves krebis gadawyvetilebaze xelis moweraze, saidumlod
miatoves ferara da samSobloSi gamoemgzavrnen.
metoqeni _ garsevaniSvilebi da
ananiaSvilebi
rac dro gadioda garsevaniSvilebi sul ufro ifarToeb-

dnen TavianT monopoliur uflebebs goris marTlmadidebeli
540
eklesiebisa da mrevlis cxovrebis yvela mxareze. maTma
Zalauflebam, SeiZleba iTqvas, kulminacias miaRwia XVIII s.
meore naxevarSi qarTlis mTavarepiskopos kiriles (ciciSvili)
dros. mis mier 1766 wlis 26 seqtembers Sedgenil sigelSi
vkiTxulobT: `Cven qarTlis mTavar episkoposman kirileman...
Sen garsevanis Svils mRvdels petres, da demetres da Zmasa
Sens... mefeT mefes Tamars goraze saydari aeSenebina da Tavis
sasoeba oqonis xati iq daesvenebina. da imisi dekanozoba
TqvenTvis eboZebina... aw Cven ase dagimtkiceT da giboZeT goris
dekanozoba... da am eklesiazed gakurTxeT da mogeciT goris
dekanozoba da goris samwymsoT mkvidrica da eulica. vinc
gorSi qarTvelni iyvnen1. sxva mRvdels xeli ar hqondes. Tu
Seni neba ar iyos sxva mRvdelma gorSi verca vin monaTlos,
verc mkudari damarxos da verca gvirgvini ukurTxos, vercavin
uwiros da vercavin aRsareba aTqmevinos. amisTÂs rom am
saydarzed nakurTxi xar da moZRvroba SegiZlia. Tu vinmem
amisi win aRdgoma ikadros da es wigni Seuracx hyos is mRvd-
eli gankveTil iyos...~2
rogor icavdnen garsevaniSvilebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
mopovebul damsaxurebas da privilegiebs, kargad Cans goris
sxva Zlieri gvaris _ ananiaSvilebis maTTan dapirispirebis
dros. XVIII-XIX s. pirvel naxevarSi ananiaSvilebi gar-
sevaniSvilebs mrevls, qonebasa da eklesiebs ecilebodnen.
ananiaSvilebi periodulad mniSvnelovan warmatebebs aRwevdnen,
rac naTlad aisaxa Sesabamisi periodis dokumentebSi.
XVIII s. bolos garsevaniSvilebma ananiaSvilebTan brZo-
laSi miaRwies imas, rom goris samwymso mTlianad maT daeq-
vemdebara3.
XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze garsevaniSvilebma seriozuli
warmateba moipoves, radgan am gvaris warmomadgeneli, gorisa
da samTavros Zlieri mTavarepiskoposi paisiosi dainterese-
buli iyo or gvars Soris davis garsevaniSvilebis sasargeb-
lod gadawyvetiT. man 1790 wlis 30 dekembers gorSi proto-
popad/dekanozad daniSna energiuli iakob garsevaniSvili, ro-
1 igulisxnebian marTlmadideblebi.
2 gsiem, # 160. xazgasma Cemia.
3 iqve, #165.
541
melmac didi Zalisxmeva gamoamJRavna ananiaSvilebTan dapiris-
pirebis dros1.
1796 wels aris dawerili `sigeli dimitri mgalobelisa
Tamar mefis mier micemuli da besarion mTavarepiskoposis mier
ukanonod warTmeuli goris samwymsos dabrunebaze~: `xelmwi-
fis Wiri misces maTs miwas mgalobels dimitris. Tamar mefes
aqeT ra gorSi dausaxlebivarT goris eklesiebi uboZebia da
samwyso Cemi ojaxisaTvis. mas aqeT aravis gamourTmevia CemTvis.
mravali gujrebi maqvs besarion mTavarepiskoposma wagvarTva
da goris samwyso Sua gagviyo da spiridons misca Tu Tavis
saydars misca. karis saydars samwyso romelsa aqvs TviTon
unda TaÂsis xucisaTvis gaeZlebina Cven ras gvemarTleboda.
Tu sfiridons misca, ananiasSvils gors samwyso raT eyole-
boda~. sigels aqvs minawerebi warTmeuli sawymsos dabrunebis
Taobaze2.
mefe erekle II-m kaTalikos patriarq anton II-s (1788-1811)
gadaugzavna dimitri mgaloblis saCivari: `...batono antoni.
mere am arzis patrons rom ase mouxsenebia amis siglebi da
gujrebi gaSinjeT da rogorc im siglebsa da gujrebSi uc-
xadebdes ise daumtkiceT, radgana Zveladgan amaTis ojaxisa
yofila. arc amas CamoerTmeva~3.
kaTalikos-patriarqma, Tavis mxriv, 1796 wlis 19 Tebervals
saCivari rezoluciiT gadaugzavna mTavarepiskopos paisios:
`y~d samRvdelov mTavarepiskoposo paisios amis (arzis _ e.m.)
patrons rom ase mouxsenebia imis simaRlisaTvis (mefe erek-
lesaTvis _ e.m.) da imis simaRles CvenTvis ubrZanebia oqmiT
amisi samarTali. radgan amaTi episkoposi brZandebi SenTvis
gvibrZanebia, amis siglebi da gujrebi gasinjeT mefeTagan,
kaTalikosTa da mTavarepiskoposTagan boZebuli, da rogorc im
siglebsa da gujrebSi ucxadebdes, Tqvenc ise daamtkiceT.
1 iakobis saqmianobis amsaxveli dokumenti, romelic odesRac daculi

iyo goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis fondebSi
dReisaTvis dakargulia. SemorCenilia mxolod misi anotacia.
2 gsiem, gv. 166.
3 gsiem, #166.
542
radganac ZvelTagan amaTi ojaxisa yofila, nurc amas (dimi-
tris _ e.m.) CamoarTmevT: febervals. iT. welsa CRJv~1.
garsevaniSvilebis ananiaSvilebze mopovebuli warmatebis
erTi epizodi aisaxa 1800 wlis 18 agvistos mRvdel sfiridon
ananiaSvilis mier mTavarepiskopos paisiosisaTvis mirTmeul
pirobisa da aRTqmis sigelSi, romelSic nawilobriv naTqvami
iyo Semdegi: èse pirobisa da aRTqmis werili mogarTvi Tqven
batons mTavarepikopozs paisios me Tqvenma ukanasknelma monam
uRirsma mRvdelma sfiridonma ase rom meda Tqvens batons
ymobaSi eSmakma Suri iZiva da Cemma mtrebma ena amoqmedes da
Tqvenis mowyale guli Cemzed ganarisxes. xuTi weliwadia Cemis
codviT da ubedurobiT aRar iqna Tqvenis mowyale gulis
Cemzed mowyalebiT moxedva da ndoba da arc Cema mtrebma
momces adgili Sewyalebisa, davglaxakavdi da mudam tanjvaSi
var... axla gevedrebi Semrisxe da isev SemiwyaleT... Cemo
xelmwifev muxlad dgomiT gevedrebi~2.
1801 wels mRvdel iakob garsevaniSvils gverdSi daudga
mTeli misi samwyso da Sesabamisi peticiac Seadgines, rome-
lsac oci kaci awerda xels. mTavarepiskoposma paisiosma,
rogorc Cans, sigelis safuZvelze, miiRo gadawyvetileba:
àdridanve varT mama-papiT ZuelTagan samwysosi gorSi oqonis
RmrTis mSoblisa eklesiaSi da moZRvrad da dekanozad yove-
lTvis garsevanaani yofilan... agreve dRes Cuenca gvsurs Seni
eklesiisa da Seni moZRvroba da mRvdloba rogoraTac gvaqvs
Cveni mamebisagan anderZi, ase rom aravin gvindodes Tqvens meti
mamad sulierad arc WirSi, arc lxinSi, arc moZRvrad da arc
mRvdlad da Tu Seni neba ar iyos arc aravin sxva mRvdeli
SeviyvanoT Cvens ojaxSi da sadac jer iqneba kidec ganvac-
xadebT suliersa mosamarTles mmarTebelsa rom sfiridon
ananiaSvilsa CvenTan saqme ara aqvso~3.
1801 wlis 7 Tebervalis garsevaniSvilebisadmi gacemul
sigelSi qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi paisiosi samarTlianobas
aRadgens maT sasargeblod.
1 iqve.
2 iqve, 7601/44.
3 iqve, #192.
543
mTavarepiskoposma paisiosma piradad gamoiZia da gamoaSkarava
garsevaniSvilebis metoqe sfiridon ananiaSvilis ukanono moqmedeba:
`q: nebiTa RTisaTa episkoposman ese ganCena davsdeÂT goris
samwysosi. ase rom rodesac sanatrelsa mefe Tamars gors
cixis saydari aReSenebina TaÂsi sasoeba oqonis xati daeve-
nebina da garsevana Svilebi gors daesaxlebina, gori samwysod
eboZebina. mas aqeT aqamomde gori garsevaniSvilebisa samwyso
iyo aravin ecileboda... netarad xsenebulisa mefis erekles
dros sfridon ananiaSvilma Semwed solomon msajuli dedida
SÂli ipovna da ama Semwesa sicruiT wmasnili werilni Seau-
Rlna da dikastiriis ganaCeni iSovna, naxevari goris samwymso
daiWira da hqmna ramdensame xansa. amave mefis drosa garsevanis
Svilebma umaRles mefesTan da uwmindes patriarxTan sfirido-
nisagan es usamarTlo iCivles, amaTman uwmindesobam qarTlisa
da kaxeTis episkoposni vinc imJamad daeswrnen Sehkriba da
ananiaSvili da garsevanisSvilebi alaparaka. ama krebama cxa-
dada dainaxes rom usamarTlod eWira ananiaSvilsa goris
samwyso ananiaSvils gamoarTves da garsevanis Svilebsa gori
mTlad uboZes. romelica sanatrelma mefe giorgi amaTi mice-
muli ganaCeni daamtkica kvlavad ipovna Jami sfiridon Semwe-
dve soloman msajuli iSovna da sxvanica garsevanis SÂlis
moparviTa davastiriisagan ganaCeni aiRo da naxevari gori isev
daiWira. am Jamzed garsevanisSvilma iakob mRvdelma sruliad
saqarTvelos memkvidres da mbrZanebelsa arza miarTua, da
sfiridonisagan usamarTloba SesCivla da Cema xelmwife daviT
am samarTlis gasinjva me mibrZana. sfiridonis moqmedeba
gavsinje, yovelive usamarTloT davinaxe. pirvelad ese rom me
goris eklesiisa da samwysosi episkoposi var. Cem Seutyoblad
ara unda divastiriis ganaCeni aeRo. me mqonda Ãelmwifeba. meo-
red, garsevaniSvilebis moparviTa usamarTlo iyo ganaCenis
aReba, mesamed radgan mama papaTa memkvidreobis mizeziTa Cioda.
memkvidres saxlis alagi eqneba, samwysos mqonebels eklesia
eqneba, da eris sasaflao. eseni unda mosamarTleT epov-
naT...…magram radgan sanatrels cxebuls mefes goris xarebis
saydari sasaxlis saydrad uboZebia, wirva da locva aris im
sasaxlis eklesiisaTvis oci komli glexi kaci samwysod
migvicia vinc mRvdeli davayenoT iman uxucos sxva vinc arian
544
gorsa memkvidre da xizani garsevanis Svilebisa aris da
vercaravin gamoarTmevsT. Tebervlis z. qr. upT~1.
iese garsevaniSvilze saubrisas aRiniSna, rom XIX saukunis
10-20-ian wlebSi mas seriozuli mowinaaRmdege gamouCnda qris-
toforo ananiaSvilis saxiT, magram egzarqosma ionam samarT-
lianoba daicva da iesem gaimarjva. Semdgom periodSi garseva-
niSvilebisa da ananiaSvilebis dapirispirebis amsxveli raime
sabuTi aRar minaxavs.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom werilobiTi wyaroebidan kargad
Cans, garsevaniSvilebis gvars Tavis mrevlSi da, saerTod,
goris mosaxleobaSi, siyvaruli da pativiscema daumsaxurebia
da isini yovelTvis mzad iyvnen saWiroebis Jams mxari dae-
WiraT TavianTi sulieri moZRvarTaTvis. mrevlis damokidebu-
leba garsevaniSvilebisadmi mkveTrad gamoCnda iese iakobis
Zisadmi mxarSi dadgomis dros 1822 wels, rodesac isini
moiTxovdnen iakobis adgilas (dokumentSi ar Cans ratom gaxda
iakobi qmediTuunaro) misi Svilis iases daniSvnas. mrevlis
mier Sedgenil xelisuflebisadmi TxovnaSi aRniSnulia garse-
vaniSvilebis is didi Rvawli, romlis gamo maTi survilia
ìakobis Ze ieses mRvdlis garsevanaSvilis sulieri moZRvroba
rogoraTac brZanebulan Tqueni winaparT mama papani. Cveni
samkvidroni moZRvarni da umRvdliaT CvenTvis da vyofilvarT
Tquenis ekklesiis oqonis xatis samwysoni~. mimarTvas xels
awers goris 20 moqalaqe2.
vaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxa

da `sxolioni~3
[garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo sqima (saTauri)]
sqima aznaurTa garsevanovTa gvarisa da FCamomavlobisa

qmnili aznauris aleqsandre svimonis Zis garsevanovisagan,
ÃelTmZRvanelobiTa mRvdlis iese garsevanoviTa, romeli iyo
1 gsiem, #165. xazgasmebi Cemia

2 gsiem, #192.
3 `sxolioni~ da misi qvesaTaurebi pirobiTia maTi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare.
545
qarTulisa enisa mecnieri Tavis droÁsa, safuZvelsa zeda mama-
papaTagan datevebulTa, uZveles da unamdvilesTa moTxrobiTa.
qalaqi gori, ivnisisa orsa CyÁb welsa. avtori, aznauri aleq-
sandre svimonis Ze garsevanovi1.
[garsevaniSvilebis winaprebis mosvla saqarTveloSi]
+a2. filimon, ese winapari garsevanovTa gvarisa, iyo didi

dekanozi da moZRvari saberZneTis keisaris romanoz mesamisa _
argirisa3, Zmiswulisa elenasi, romelica iyo coli saqarTve-
losa da afxazeTis mefis bagrat meoTxisa, Zisa mefis giorgi
pirvelisa. ___ filimonsa amas gramatasa Sina mefe vaxtang me-
eqvse gabrielad axsenebs, garna saxeli ese SecTomiT mosvlia
mweralsa, vinaÁTgan gabriel episkoposi SvilisSvilisSvili
iyo filimonisa. saberZneTis keisarman (imperatorman) romanoz
mesameman _ argiriosman, meuRleman dedoflisa zoiasaman, rome-
lica iyo mxolodSobili asuli imperatorisa konstantine
mervisa, Zisa romanoz meorisa, da siZeobiT memkvidre taxtisa
mis konstantinesi da Zmisa misisa vasilisa, romelTaca daÁ
TÂsi anna miaTxoves ruseTis didsa mTavarsa vladimirsa (vasi-
lsa), romelman miiRo ra naTlis miRebaÁ, gananTla ruseTica
qristianobiTa; aman romanoz keisarman, TxoviTa dedoflisa
mariamisaTa, da SuamdgomlobiTa Rirsisa mamisa giorgi qar-
Tvelisa mTawmindelisa _ mTargmnelisa, romelic Tana-hyva ma-
riams konstantinepoles4, mosca Zesa mis mariamisasa, saqarTve-
loÁsa da afxazeTis mefesa bagrat meoTxesa, mefis giorgi
pirvelis Zesa5, Zmiswuli TÂsi, dedofali elena, welsa Ckbsa
1 gsiem, #162. saTauri dawerilia gragnilis ukana mxares. iseTi STabeWdi-

leba iqmneba, rom nusxisaTvis saTauris gakeTeba damwers/gadamwers
gvian gaaxsenda da radgan ukve dawerili nusxis TavSi adgili aRar
iyo, iZulebuli gaxda saTauri gragnilis ukana gverdze moeTavsebina.
2 jvari da aso aRniSnavs sqolios nomers. asea sagvareulo nusxis dedanSi.
3 romanoz III argirisa (1028-1034), bizantiis keisari
4 giorgi mTawmindelis dedofal mariamTan erTad konstantinopolSi
diplomatiuri misiiT mogzaurobis შesaxeb ix. aqve garsevaniSvile-
bis sagvareulo nusxis `winasityvaoba~.
5 giorgi I, erTiani saqarTvelos mefe (1014-1027).
546
(1022 г)1. romanoz keisarman sxvisa Tanamdidrulisa samefoÁsa
mziTvisa, mosca bagrat mefesa oqonisa xati2 (awindeli)3 da
nawili RvTismSoblis sartylisa4, egreTve didi ese dekanozi
da moZRvari keisrisa da elenasi filimon TÂsisa colSviliTa,
romelica iyo warCinebulTa konstantinopolisa aznaurTagani.
xolo winaparni dekanozis filimonisani arian stanbolSi
gardmosulni samxreTis aziis, samTavrosa lukaoniisa, didisa
da mravalerovanis qalaqiT ikoniT (ikonium), romelsa berZenni,
Zvelsa drosa Sina, uwodebden ìkonia~5; saberZneTsa amas, aw
uwodeben samxreTisa anatoliasa. mizezi winaparTa CvenTa
konstantinepolis gardmosvlisa ese ars: Jamsa saberZneTis ke-
isarisa iraklisasa6, odes memkvidreTa mahmadisaTa xalifaTa,
wlebTa Soris qkb-qmda (с 622-640 г.), daipyres saberZneTisa qveya-
nani: egvipte (misri), asiria da ფinikia, maSin SeSinebulni, raTa
ara miaqcion bilwsa sjulsa maTsa, winaparni Cvenni, brZane-
1 1022 gadasworebulia 1032-ad, asoebiT aRniSnuli weli (Ckb=1022) ki

igive darCa
2 ix. aqve, òqonis xati~.
3 sainteresoa ratom aris xazgasmuli, rom bagrat mefis mier
elenesaTvis mziTvSi gamotanebuli oqonis xati is xatia, romelic
amJamadac gorSi aris dabrZanebulio. safiqrebelia, rom XIX sau-
kunis meore naxevarSi da Semdgom periodSic sadavo iyo sakiTxi
romeli iyo elenes mier Camotanili xati. ix. aqve, òqonis xati~
4 al. garsevaniSvili ar aRniSnavs sad iyo daculi RvTismSoblis
sartyeli. cnobilia, rom RvTismSoblis sartyelis erTi nawili
romanoz III-m Tavis qaliSvil elenes mziTvad gamoatana
saqarTveloSi (meore nawili daculi iyo aTonis mTis vatopedis
monasterSi). kalandia g., odiSis saepiskoposoebi (caiSi, bedia,
moqvi, xobi), Tb., 2004, gv. 204-205. albaT, RvTismSoblis sartyelis
is nawili, romelic dedofalma elenem saqarTveloSi moitana jer
vlaqernis RvTismSoblis bediis monasterSi dausvenebiaT, Semdeg
uSiSroebis mizniT martvilSi gadautaniaT. iqve, gv. 206.
5 konia _ amJamindeli TurqeTis provinciis koniis centri mde-
bareobs centralur anatoliaSi. is erT-erTi uZvelesi qalaq-
Tagania. berZnebi mas ikonions eZaxdnen. romis imperiis dros
ekuTvnoda provincia likaions. XI saukuneSi daipyres selCukebma
da gadaaqcies TavianTi saxelmwifos dedaqalaqad. TviT saxelmwi-
fo ki iwodeboda ikoniis sasulTnod.
6 bizantiis imperatori herakle (610-641).
547
biTa imperatorisa iraklisaTa, movidnen da daesaxlnen
konstantinepoles (stambols). winaparTa garsevanovTa aqvndaTa
gramata saberZneTis keisrisa didisa iustiniane1 pirvelisa,
romelica iyo Zmiswuli da memkvidre imperatorisa iustine
pirvelisa2, gvariT dardanelisa; gramatiTa miT keisarsa
iustinianes, welsa xuTas ocsa, _ fksa (520 г.), uSomebia CvenTa
winaparTa Tvis xati ese oqonisa, (romelsa saxeli hswodebia,
mas Jamsa Sina, dabisagan oqonisa) da aznauriSviloba lidiisa
samTavroÁsa da mamulni mravalni munve lidiasa da lukaoniasa
Sina.....................
zemoxsenebuli gramata iustiniane keisrisa, viTarca mo-
gviTxres winaparTa, usjuloTa sparsTa dauwvamsT, saxeldobr
qarim xansa, mas Jamsa Sina, odes igi yaeni sparseTisa Sah abaz,
welsa CqRv3 (1616 г.), mosrul ars goris qalaqsa Sina, aRsa-
oxreblad qarTlisa da umetesad Sesapyrobelad luarsab
mefisa (mowamisa), meorisa Zisa giorgis meaTisa, romelica iyo
imereTs mefesa Tana giorgisa4. gvari garsevanovTa umetes aTo-
1 bizantiis imperatori iustiniane (527-565).

2 520 wels iustiniane jer kidev imperatori ar iyo, rogorc aRiniSna
is mxolod 527 wels gamefda.
3 pirveli oriani gadaxazulia da Tavze aweria b, ris gamo misi mniS-
vneloba ar Seicvala. gasagebia, rom avtors misi v-d, gadakeTeba

surda raTa 1032 weli mieRo.
4 qarim-xan _ qerim-xan zendi, zendebis dinastiis damaarsebeli (1760-
1779). aleqsandre garsevaniSvili seriozul Secdomas uSvebs.

qerim-xans, romelic daaxloebiT saukunenaxavris Semdeg iyo
iranis Sahi, ar SeiZleboda raime kavSiri hqoneboda Sah abas I-Tan
(1597-1629) da mas arc gori auxrebia rodisme. arc Sah abass
auoxrebia gori. am ukanasknelis gorTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom 1614 w. Sahisgan devnili kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I da
qarTlis mefe luarsab II mcire xans gorSi afarebdnen Tavs,
Semdeg ki imereTSi gadavidnen. gori, iseve, rogorc mTeli qarTli,
yizlbaSebma daipyres da `goris zemoT gamavali gza~ gadaketes,
raTa antiiranulad ganwyobili sxva qarTvelebic imereTSi ar
gaxiznuliyvnen4. vaxuSti batoniSvili Sahis gorSi mosvlas 1615
wliT aTariRebs. Sah abasi gorSi dabanakda, oseT-dvaleTs jari
gausia da aaklebina, man giorgi saakaZes dakarguli qoneba daub-
runa da xmas avrcelebda, rom Tu luarsabi qarTlSi ar dab-
548
Txmetisa saukunesa myofi, aris Cklbis (1022 г). (15) wlidam
mosuli saberZneTidam saqarTvelosa Sina, da mis Jamidam
dRevandlamde, (CuÁb welsa), arian gardasulni welni rvaas
ormoc da erTi~1.
[oqonis xatis CamobrZaneba saqarTveloSi]
+a1. xolo TÂTmpyrobeli saqarTvelos mefe vaxtang (VI)

leonis Ze TÂssa gramatasa Sina, Cuenda boZebulsa, CRkbsa (1722
г.) welsa, garsevanovTa CamomavlobisaTvis da oqonis xati-
saTvis, esreT daswers: odes igi zesTa amaRlebulsa da yove-
lTave dasabamiTgan soflisaT uzesTaessa ÃelmwifeTa uavRus-
tessa memkvidreobiT keisarsa didebulsa da didsa romanozs
rundeboda, giorgi saakaZes gaamefebda. Sahma imereTis mefe giorgi

III-s Teimurazi da luarsabi mosTxova. imave dros Sahma goridanve
gamarTa miwer-mowera qarTlisa da kaxeTis devnil mefeebTan da
hpirdeboda rom, Tu isini Tavis nebiT dabrundebodnen,
Seiwyalebda. magram Sahma sawadels ver miaRwia. 1614 w. oqtomberSi
gorSi abass luarsabi mouvida. amis Semdeg Sahma datova gori,
luarsabi Tan waiyvana, Tbilisi gaiara da iranSi dabrunda.
luarsabma iranSi hpova aRsasruli.
1 1836 w. 24 seqtembers aznaurobis maZiebelma garsevaniSvilebma
specialur komisias warudgines 1708 w. gujari, romelic imave
komisiam yalbad scno. Jordania T., qronikebi da sxva masala sa-
qarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa Sekrebili, qronologiurad
dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, w. III, gv. 25-27..
komisiis gadawyvetileba miwerilia gujarze. amitom ar SeiZ-
leboda d. furcelaZes ar scodnoda amis Sesaxeb, rodesac mas
rusul enaze aqveynebda. Фурцеладзе Д., Грузинские дворчнские Грамоты,
Тифлис, 1881, с. 13-14. rac Seexeba meore gujars, radgan mas xels
awers `TviTmpyrobeli mefe da eranis sparsalari vaxtang~, unda
davaTariRoT 1716-1718 wlebiT. 1716 wels vaxtangma qarTlis mefoba
da iranis spasalaris Tanamdeboba miiRo da am rangSi imyofeboda
1718 wlamde. rogorc sexnia CxeiZe gadmogvcems, 1718 wels Sahma
vaxtangs qarTli uwyaloba Tu ara, man maSinve dastova spasa-
laroba1 da 1719 wlis 7 agvistos vaxtang mefe yazvinidan samSob-
loSi gamoeSura. ar mgonia, rom qarTlis mefes amis Semdeg xeli
moewera dokumentze im samxedro wodebis aRniSvniT, romelic mas
ukve aRar gaaCnda.
549
argiriasa didebulisa saqarTvelos bagratis meoTxisa mefisa-
TÂs, welsa Clbsa, Tavisi qali elenaÁ, meuRlad moeTxova mas
Jamsa, sxva uricxvsa armaRansa da saboZvarsagan kide oqonis
xati1 eboZa Tavisis dekanoziT saberZneTiTgan Zvelive mmsaxu-
rebeli mRvdel-moqmedebiT, da xatica ese umraval-nawiladesi
da msgavsad zRvis qviSisa saswauliT-aRuricxveli Tan mouSo-
rebelad hqonoda munve saxelsa zeda oqonisa RvTismSobelisa-
sa, romelsaca dabasa, sadaca mravali patiosani unji ese Zvel
sadme col-yofil iyo. oqon hswodeboda, mefeTagan Tayvanis-
cemulsa mas didebiT didebulsa; da awca eklesia aReSenebinaT
saxelsa zeda oqonisa RvTismSobelisasa, da muniTve moyolili
dekanozi maxlobel missa daesaxlebinaT mdidrad, memkvidreve
muneburi Ggabriel patiosani da Rirsi saxelisa mRvdeli, da
eboZaT TviT sofeli, igi da sxva mamulebi da ganemdidraye, vi-
Tarca hSvenoda pativsa mas wmindisa xatisasa da ziTevsa, xati
ese ganuSoreblad hqondaT, da rameTu saxelsa amis wmindisasa
taZari da ekklesia Seumkves dekanozsa saTnoebisasa, Rirssa
gabriels, raTa aqaca mouklebelad hxsenebasa hyofdes deka-
nozi, viTarca samarTali ars, da Jamad mravlad romladmde,
amas wessa esreT hyofdian SeuSlelad keTili-msaxurni
qarTvelni mefeni; vidre Jamadmde mefaÁsa Tamarisa da mieriTRa
odes sulbrwyinvalesa keTil-xsenebulsa, zesTa aRmatebulsa
saqarTuÀlos naTelsa da ganmanaTlebelsa, zRudesa mas SeuZ-
vrelsa marTlmadideblobisasa, mterTa mZlesa sakvirvelsa, da
TviT ara odes Zleulsa. iyavn kurTxeul netareba misi: mefasa
Tamars naWarmagevis Wala keTilsaxilveli da nadirTa mier
aRsavse yofiliyo da didad hyvareboda. mas Jamsa garesjvars2
qveiTi sofeli da Senoba ar yofiliyo, arc kaci saxlobe-
1 à~, à1~-is da al. garsevaniSvilis werilis Sedarebisas Cans

mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba. à~-Si sworad aris aRniSnuli, rom
elene romanozis Zmis basიlis asuli iyo. imperatorma bagrat IV-s
kurapalatoba uboZa. elenes mziTevSi gamotanebul sxvadasxva
sagnebs Soris iyo qristes jvris lursmani, RvTismSoblis sar-
tylis nawili da, rac amjerad gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, oqonis
xati. ix. à~, à1~ `sxolioni~ da garsevaniSvili al., `qalaqi gori
da saswaul-moqmedi oqoniis RvTismSoblis xati 1867, #2, gv. 1-2.
2 vaxtang VI-is gujarSi gorijvari. gsiem, #7636/10.
550
liyo, Tvinier erTisa mis ganSorebulisa oden, romelsa ewoda
aTanasios, kidesa zeda mdinarisa mtkvrisasa. amisda saxilve-
lad mivida TÂT mefaÁ ese Tamar didebuli da masa Jamsa ixila
borcvi erTi, romeli ars goraka klde, tonTiod saxeldebuli
da Sua liaxvsa da mejudas Sina baRnarovani, tyisagan Sefaru-
li, moewona da ganakafna da aRaSena eklesia saxelsa zeda
oqonisa RmrTimSoblisasa, da Tqveni saxlikaci romeli iyo
damwyebeli garsevanianTa sqesisa, meored saberZneTidam mo-
eyvana da aq daesaxlebina da Seewira mamulebi, viTarca cxa-
dars didsa davTarsa Sina Tquenda boZebulsa TÂT mis mefisa
Tamarisagan. -----namdvilze xeli mouweria esreT: `gamomeZiebeli
amisi da damamtkicebeli TviTmpyrobeli mefe da eranis
spaTsalari vaxtang~1.
[oqonis eklesiis daarseba]
`b. ese beri aTanase iyo dayudebuli qvabsa Sina erTsa,

kidesa zeda mtkvrisasa, pirispir awindelisa soflisa xidis-
Tavisa; maxlobel berisa amis sayofelisa Setborebulni
mdinareni: mtkvari, liaxvi da mejuda gardadiodnen iwrod
erTsa kldesa zeda da amis gamo iyo msgavsi tbisa adgili ese,
sdaca aw ars qalaqi gori Âdre xurvaleTamde, esreT romel
soflis garesjvars qveiT sofeli da Senoba arsad iyo. mas
Jamsa Sina sayvareli sadgomi da sanadiro Tamar dedoflisa
iyo awindeli naWarmakevis Wala, savse mravalgvariTa nadiriTa
da mdidari haeriTa. iyo ra naWarmakevs, dedofali Tamar gio-
rgi mesamisa bagratovanisa asuli, welsa Crpzsa (1187 г), miesma
dedofalsa, viTarmed maxlobelad mis sadgomisa ars ganSore-
buli Rirsi beri, saxeliT aTanase, amis saxilvelad warvida
TviT Tamar da ixila ra igi, miiRo kurTxevaÁ berisagan, da
masve drosa ixila Tamarma pirispir beris sayofelisa tbaÁ
erTi da mas tbasa Sina Tavi gorakisa da tyeÁ moewona adgili
igi, gardakafna klde igi, sadaca mdinareni iwrod gardadio-
dnen, da aRaSena gorasa mas zeda eklesiaÁ saxelsa zeda
oqonisa RvTi mSoblisasa, xolo daaSena ra masve Crpzsa welsa
1 gsiem, #7636/10. sigelis piri.
551
(1187 г). qalaqi ese gori aRaSena pirispir am oqonis ekklesiisa
maxloblad mdinarisa mtkvrisa, sxva meore ekklesia saxelsa
zeda gorisa RvTismSoblisasa, (ese igi ekklesia goris qalaqis
mcvelis RvTismSoblisa). ese ornive ekklesiani: miZinebisa _
oqonisa _ (cixisa) da yovladwmidis Sobisa _ goris RvTis-
mSoblisa uboZa garsevanovTa winaparsa dekanozsa garsevans
(iosebsa) da masve Jamsa daiwera dekanozisagan awindelni dRe-
obani (dekanozisagan) meoresa da mesamesa dResa Semdgomad
aRdgomisa. xolo axalsa amas qalaqsa uwoda Tamarman gori.
ese igi mcire gora. radganac iuwya dedofalman Tamar berisa
mis aTanasesagan, viTarmed gorasa amas ewodebis tonTio,
romel ars oqros mTa, romelica Zvel odesme yofilars ber-
ZenTa, da merme saberZneTis keisrisa iraklisa da saqarTvelos
mefeTa arCil da mirianisa winaparTa xazinaÁ, da eseca romel
mouSoreblad aqvndaT winaparTa garsevanovTa xati ese oqoni-
sa, amisTvis moiyvana saberZneTidam winapari Cueni dekanozi
garsevan (ioseb), biZaSvili am aTanase berisa, da daasaxla gors,
(welsa Crpzsa 1187 г), uboZa ekklesiani ornive da mravali ma-
muli samkvidrod da sarCod. am Crpz wlidam vsdgevarT gar-
sevanovni goris qalaqSi da dRevandlamdisin arian welni: qoe _
675 w. winaparni Cvenni romelnime kvaladve warvidnen saber-
ZneTad da romelnime scxovrobdnen qalaqsa tfilis, ubansa
Sina isans (avlabarSi), maxlobel mefeTa palatisa (sadgomisa),
aRSenebadmde goris qalaqisa; romlisaca cixis galavani da
qongurebi ganaaxla ra mefeman irakli Teimurazis Zeman CRÁT
(1769 г)1. da ekklesiaca cixisa wmidis nikolozisa2, uboZa ese
ekklesiaÁ garsevanovTa, radganac Zveladac imaTi naboZebi iyo~.
1 goris cixis aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi daiwyo 1774 wlis gazafxulze.

gabiCvaZe a., goris cixe erekle II dros, gv. 9, #1.
2
dokumentebsa da naratiul wyaroebSi arsad Sevxvedrivar ase
Ti saxelwodebis eklesiis arsebobas gorSi. isic sainteresoa,
rom es eklesia garsevaniSvilebisa yofila adrec. ise gamodis,
erekle II-m eklesia Zvel patronebs daubruna. mxolod isaa
cnobili, rom oqonis eklesiaSi iyo nikolozis ori vercxlis
didi da patara xati. goris raionuli arqivi, 1923 w., f. #3,
aRw. 2, saq. 28, gv 4; sabWoTa xelisuflebis antireligiuri
politika Sida qarTlSi (XX saukunis 20-iani wlebi), gv. 92.
552
[ori episkoposi _ sofroni _ florenciis saeklesio
krebaze]
`g. romis papaman inokenti, Jamsa saberZneTisa keisrisa ioan-

ne paleoloRisa; welsa Culb (1432 г), hyo, SesaerTeblad aRmo-
savleTisa da dasavleTisa ekklesiaTa, krebaÁ italiis qalaqsa
Sina florenciasa da mouwoda yovelTa samefoTagan mRvdel-
mTavarTa. ruseTis mxriT iyvnen mitropoliti isidore da
sxvani; saberZneTidam mitropoliti markoz _ moadgile ieru-
salimisa da antioqiisa patriarxTa da sxvani, xolo saqarT-
velodam mitropoliti sofroni krebuliTa da ese mecnieri
episkoposi sofroni. ese Rirsni mamani wargzavna qarTvelTa
mefeman aleqsandre pirvelman konstantine mefis Zeman. odesca
moiwia Jami Ãelismowerisa florenciisa krebisa ganCinebasa-
zeda, wmidani ese mamani qarTvelni, Tanaxmad berZenTa mitro-
politis markozisa, ara eTanxmnen, ara, romelsame hazrsa Sina
florenciisa (фfrangTa) krebas, da farulad wamovidnen flo-
renciiT qalaqsa veneciasa, xolo veneciiT konstantinopols
(stambolsa) da iqidan welsa Culgsa, movidnen qarTladve. Sem-
dgomad raodenisame Jamisa, aRiRo ra, welsa Cung (1453 г), mahmad
meoreman konstantinepoli, JamTa berZenTa imperatorisa kons-
tantine meTerTmetisa paleoloRosisa, eklesiani romisa (dasa-
vleTisa) da aRmosavleTisa dahSTen dervandlamde SeurTe-
blad~.
[garsevaniSvilebi _ eklesiebisa da mamulebis mflobelni]
`d. iese dekanozi garsevan dekanozis Ze iyo moZRvari mefis

vaxtangis meeqvsisa leonis Zisa, hsjulismdebelisa; aman iese-
man aRwera mravalni saeklesioni da saeroni wignni TÂsiTa Ãe-
liTa, ganaaxla daqceuli ekklesia gorisa RvTismSoblisa,
aRSenebuli Tamar dedoflisagan, Crpzsa welsa...; gaukeTebina
ekklesiasa kankeli, axlaT aRuSena samreklo pirveli misa
aRSenebuli, 1603 w. dekanozis markozisagan da odes gardai-
cvala, daefla pirispir xatisa oqoniisa, misve ekklesiasa Sina,
romelsa aqvs zedawarwerili qvaca wiTelis kldisa; amanve
553
winaparTa mamulebsa Seumata mravalni mamulni: somxiTs, tfi-
liss, atenis xeobasa, sacicianosa, sajavaxianosa, gorisa da
goris mazris soflebTa Sina da moipova ymani oras samocda-
TxuTmetni, da iyo amasTanave mecnieri qarTulsa enasa, spar-
sulsa, berZnulsa da osmanursa enaTa zeda da maxlobeli
mrCeveli mefisa da friad sayvareli misi, viTarca acxadeben
mefisa mis da dedoflis gramatani. amasve iese dekanozisa mama-
papaTa uboZes mefeTa: sÂmon pirvelman da rostom pirvelman,
meTeqvsmetesa da meTxuTmetes saukuneTa Sina, oqoniisa eklesia,
aRSenebuli Jamsa Tamar dedoflisa, umemkvidrod gardacvale-
bulis aznauris donaSvilisagan, romlisaca drosa iqmna
oqonis xati gardmosvenebuli, am awindels ekklesiaSi, cixis
RvTismSoblis (oqonis xatis saxelsa zeda) aRSenebulis
ekklesiidam. romelica mas dros Sina, SemTxveÂT, JamTa viTa-
rebisa gamosvenebuli, goris RvTismSoblis ekklesiaSi da iqi-
dam aRdgomis mesame dResa, gadmousvenebiaT oqonaSi, viTarca
gardmogvces zepirad winaparTa CvenTa. (ixile meore muxli b
SeniSvnaTa Sina am Camomavlobis StoSi)~.
[ruseTs dasaxlebuli garsevaniSvilebi]
`+e. onise da garsevan erTmaneTisa Zmani iyvnen, iese de-

kanozis Zeni, xolo grigol iyo giorgi dekanozis Ze; eseni
samnive ruseTs gadahyvnen mefesa vaxtang meeqvsesa leonis Zesa,
welsa CRkdsa (1724 г), Jamsa ruseTis imperatorisa, petre pirve-
lisa aleqsis Zisa da dResac imaTi Camomavali hscxovrebs
qalaqsa moskovs da q. iatoslavSi (Camatebulia _ e. m.) da awca
arian ruseTis mÃedrobisa sardalni (Reneralni). onise da
garsevan iyvnen dazrdilni mefeTa vaxtangisa da baqarisagan;
xolo grigolis mama, dekanozi giorgi iyo gamzrdeli da mas-
wavlebeli, samecniero hswavlaTa qarTulsa da sparsTa enasa
zeda, mefis baqarisa da amis Svilebisa vaxuStisa da giorgisa~
[`dimitri eriskaci~]
`+v. es iyo Ze giorgi dekanozisa da Zma ruseTs wasulisa

giorgisa; iyo mgalobeli anton didisa qaTalikozisa da
554
maswavlebeli mefis irakli meoris ZeTa; iyo friad TviT-
rjula da Tavis neba kaci da ganmabneveli, gancxromisa da
Svebis-moyvaruli. amas umravlesni ymani da mamulni sxvaTa da
sxvaTa adgilebTa Sina, SeZenilni winaparTagan da mamabiZisa
Tvisisa iesesa da giorgi deknozTebagan, ganhyida da gahsca
sxvaTa gvarTa zeda, amaod. amas mdabiurad uwodebden tetiasa~.
[`mitmasnilni naTesavad~]
`+z. ese: svimon da misi saba, egreTve iese eriskaci da Ze

misi gabriel arcaRaTu arian Cvenni naTesavni, arca hqoniaT,
arca aw aqvT imaT CamamavalTa, CvenTana mamulSi wili; eseni
sicruiT arian deputatTa sobraniaSi Setanilni sabas Svilis-
Svilis, gardamdgaris maioris ioseb garsevanis Zisagan da
Cvens naTesavad Camamavlobis xeSi (поколенной росписи) naCvenebni
saxlis kacad da mitmasnebulni, viTom naTesavad, magram Zvels
mefeebis dokumentebSi srulebiT amaTi saxelebi da imaTis
winaprisa ar sada hsCans~.
Cans, rom dasaxelebuli pirebi, gvariT garsevaniSvilebi
iyvnen. maT samamule dava hqondaT aleqsandresa da mis
naTesavebTan. es ukanaskneli maT pretenziebs imiT uaryofda,
rom isini am saxelganTqmuli gvaris naTesavebi ar iyvnen.
[mTavarepiskoposi paisiosi]
`+À. `paisios gorisa da samTavros mTavarepiskopozi. aman,

viTarca Tavis droÁsa mecnierman, brZanebiTa mefisa irak-
lisaTa, aRwera (SesTxza) traxtati, dadebuli CRpgsa welsa (в
1783 г.), saqarTvelos mefis irakli meorisa Teimuraz meoris
Zisagan ruseTis imperatrica ekatirina meoresaTana, nebayof-
lobiT micemasa zeda saqarTvelosasa. amas ewodeboda
mRvdelobaSi petre da odes gardaicvala qalaqsa tfiliss,
muniT mosvenebuli iese mRvdlisagan iakobis Zisa, dasaf-
lavebul-iqna oqonis eklesiis derefansa Sina (stovasa Sina),
mun sadaca aw ars fanjara xisa, romlidamaca msyidvelni
555
miiReben Sina ekklesiidam, mnaTisagan sanTelsa, maxloblad
Zmisa TÂsisa svimonisa da rZlisa maTisa, iakob dekanozisa da
Zmisa maTisave meuRlis (annasi) xanfervanisa, romelic ars
dasaflavebuli marjvniv svetisa _ derefanSi, alelpetruaanT
saxlisa kedlisa axlore; xolo qmari misi dekanozi iakob,
mama iese mRvdlisa da papa aleqsandresi aris dasaflavebuli
gorisa RvTismSobelSi, Sua alags~.
[iese garsevaniSvili]
`+T. mRvdeli iese iakobisZe, aman zedmiwevniT icoda ena

qarTuli da mcire berZnulica, egreTve rusuli kargad; iyo
mecnieri qarTulsa enasa zeda Tavis droÁsa. aman yovelive
xarisxi sasuliero wodebasa Sina, garda dekanozobisa,
uwinares yovelTasa ganvlo, da Semdgom droebaTa Sina,
soflisa uxanoebisa gamo, iqmna bedSavi. ese iyo maswavlebeli
mingrelis mTavrisa daviT leonis Zisa safilosofosoTa da
saRvTismetyveloTa hswavlaTa da mTargmneli misi rusuliT
qarTulad da qarTuliT rusulad; egreTve maswavlebeli
Tavadis Reneral-maioris grigol zurabis Zis Svilebisa,
garda awindelisa Zisa misisa aleqsandresi. aman ieseman hsTar-
gmna rusuliT qarTulad wignni: aToTxmeti [14] tomi milotis
istoria, sami tomi Rerodotis istoria, ori tomi strabonis
istoria; plutarxosis istoriani srulebiT, istoria filipe
makedonelisa, aleqsandre didisa _ makedonelis mamisa; pavle
mociqulis cxovreba; iuliis keisrisa romaelTa konsulisa
(Âpatosisa) cxovreba da sagrobani (походы) misni: Raliasa,
Rermaniasa da bretanisa Sina, (awindelsa angliasa); iTika anu
yofaqcevis filosofia romaelTa oratorisa (enamzisa) cice-
ronisa; oTxi wigni aleqsandre makedonelisa, Tormeti nawili
(tomi) miToloRia; istoria tacitosisa; ciceronis saubari
samecniero; safilosofio sja фfranciis mefisa ludovik
meTormetisa, oTxi wigni iliada da sazogado geografia, aRbe-
Wdili Cyizsa (в 1817 г.), welsa. ese wignebi uTargmna dadiansa
daviTs, romelsaca bibliotekasa Sina icvebian wignni ese da
zogni me maqvs, Sina. egreTve uTargmna Zveli berZnuli oTxi
556
wigni iliada grigol wereTelsaca; asTargmna mravalni
samecnierni da saeklesioni werilni, _ cxovrebani wmindanTa
mamaTani, romelnica me maqvs; da TargmanebiTa amiT ukvdavhyo
saxeli Tvisi erTgulman gamzdelman da biZama Cemman iese.
asTargmna mravalni samecnierni da saeklesioni werilni, _
cxovrebani wmindanTa mamaTani, romelnica me maqvs; da Targma-
nebiTa amiT ukvdavhyo saxeli Tvisi erTgulman gamzdelman da
biZama Cemman iese... aman daasrula 1817 welsa kursi sakeTil-
Sobilo saswavleblisa, romelsa exla (1860-ian wlebi _ e.m.)
uwodenen tfilisis pirvel klasikur gimnaziasa da Seswvla
monastrebsa sruli qarTuli galoba, filosofia, RvTismet-
yveleba~.
[aleqsandre garsevaniSvili]
`+ი. aman aleqsandre svimonis Zeman hsTargmnna wignni

samecniero: planetika anu planetoskopia, romel ars efeme-
ridi (anu JamTa) gina dReTametyvelebani; fizioloRia anu
saxismetyveleba, xiromantia; istoria mwerTa (история
насекомого). hsTargmna, Sesavsebad qarTlis istoriisa, rusuliT,
qmnili aleq. golovanovisagan, CyÁd welsa (в 1864 г.), mokle
aRwera saqarTveloÁsa; aRwera xilebis qeba leqsad da wesni
mefeTa dasmisa anu gvirgvinis kurTxevisa. hsTargmna:
saeklesionica: moxseneba micvalebulTa, locvani wirvisa zeda
saTqmelni, monazonTa qcevisa wigni aTanase aleqsandrielisa,
aRwera Zveli paraklisis wigni; wignni soflis meojaxeobisa _
saqonlis movlisa da eqimobis codna da Sinauris frinvelis
movla da momravlebis codna; SehsTxza istoria Zvelisa da
axlisa aRTqmisa da iTika, qarTuli anu yofaqcevis hswavlis
wigni da mravalni sxvani aRwera da SesTxza qarTuli enis
gansamdidreblad.
Zveli qarTveli, aznauri aleqsandre svimonis Ze garseva-
novi, avtori am Camomavlobis Stosi (родословной).
ivnisis bsa, CyÁb welsa. 2 июня 1862 года~.
557
558
559
560
561
D
562
563
564
565
566
567
damowmebuli wyaroebi da literatura
saarqivo masalebi
sea _ saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi
f.19, saq. 51, furc. 5; f. 1449, davT. 51, sab. 179; f. 1448, davT,
I, naw. 5, sab. 1; f. 1449, sab. #2144; f. 1451, #18; 1449, sab. 226, 228,
238; f. 1448, #903; f. 1448, #9128; f. 1449, davT. 5, sab.117; f. 449,
davT. 16, sab. 17; f. 449, davT. 8, sab. 123; f. 1449, sab. 2144; f. 227,
saq. #904; f. 227, sab. 904; f. 1448, sab. 378; f. 11449, davT. 51, sab.
225; f. 1448, sab. 2335; f. 19, saq. 51, furc. 5; f. 1448, saq. 3014; f.
227, #758; f. 1449, davT. 49, sab. 33; davT 49; f. 1449, davT. 49, sab.
103; f. 1449, davT. 46, sab. 95; f. 1449, davT. 47, sab. 116; f. 1449,
davT. 52, sab. 113; f. 1448, #1537; f.1449, davT. 52, sab. 104; f. 1449,
davT. 46, sab. 184; f. 1449, davT. 45, sab. 132; davT. 25, sab. 48; f.
1449, davT. 24, sab. 155; f. 1448, #249, 380, 387, 390, 462, 1375, 1988,
4590; f. 1448. saqme 9200.
sea _ p. karbelaSvilis fondi, rveuli
12, #53, 58, 79, 88, 93, 94, 100, rveuli 10, #22
sem _ saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi
Sd, #317, Sd, #389, Sd, #494, Sd, #480
xec _ k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri
Ad, #1350; Ad, #1572; Qd, #6883; Qd, #195; Sd, #480; Sd #33;
Sd, #33; Sd, #546; Sd, #552; Sd, #1351; Sd, #546; Hd, #2124; Hd,
#2122; Hd, #13726; Hd, #14630; Hd, #14990; Hd, 14630; Hd, #14633;
Hd, #8712; Hd, #1572; Hd, #1374; Hd, #2342; Hd, #12648; Hd,
#14734; Hd, #8148; Hd, #14434; Hd, #7608-2; Hd, #6270; Hd,
#9430; Hd, #9436; Hd, #971; Hd, #6107; Hd, #1970; Hd; #5306;
Hd, #765; Hd, #6441; Hd, #13051; Hd, #10203; Hd, #644; Hd,
#2193; Hd, #154; Hd, #13080; Hd, #2128; Hd, #13026; Hd, #14665.
568
xec _ m. TamaraSvilis piradi arqivi
#11122, #1962, #1075, #1074, #1101, #1077
gsiem _ goris istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi.
#7601/57, #167, #169, #7601/30, #17636/5, #149, #7636/5, #184,

#152, #7601/19, #7602/433, #7602/436, #117, #7602/593, #5803,
#7486, #4640, #7601/37, #188, #7601/11, #7601-65, #146, #164,
#160, #166, #165, #162, #156, #191, #173, #191, #190a, #190b,
#7602/1037, #7602/752, #4040, #147, #185, #7601/19, #7610/59, #155,
#169, #174, #177, #192, #192a, #7602/735, #475/2, #7636/10,
#17636/5, #7602/1003, #7602/1004,@#7602/99, #7602/304, #7602/728
#7602/361, #7602/627, #7602/626, #7602/630, #192, #7602/519,
#7602/519, #7602/517b, #7602/518, #7602/748, #7602/748, #7602/609
#7602/379, #7602/876, #7602/433, #7602/433, #7602/796, #7602/
731,
#7602/431, #7602/732, #7602/765, #7602/765, #7602/748, #7602/609,
#7602/768, #7602/31, #7602/1014, #7602/361, #7602/758, #7602/379,
#
160, #165, #166, #7601/44, #192, #165, #192, #7636/10.
goris raionuli arqivi
fondi #3, arq. #54, aRwera 1
Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив
Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд

ВУА, №20548
Центральный государственный военно-истортческий архив, фонд
ВУА, №21898
G
569
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%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0
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592
The History of Gori (up to 1801)
Summary
The aim of the monograph is to study the history of Gori from the ancient times to
1801, i.e. before the unification of Kartli – Kakheti Kingdom with Russia, when the
active economic, political and cultural role of Gori got weakened, because of the loss of
Georgia`s independence. Gori lost its most important function – defense of the country.
Thus, from the beginning of the XIX century, a new stage begins in the history of Gori
as well as throughout Georgia.
Gori was one of the most important towns of Georgia throughout the Middle Ages
and was the strongest citadel due to the favorable strategic location. That`s why,
according to the archaeological materials there was a settlement, and the fortress was
erected in the antique period. Its founder is traditionally considered to be David IV the
Builder, i.e. the foundation of the fortress belongs to the first quarter of the XII century.
However, I think, that the first written source is the Armenian narrative source –
“History” by Pseudo Shapukh Bagratuni, in which the author gives the most valuable
information about Gori, when telling the events of the X century.
Based on numerous narrative and documental sources, all the main moments of
political history of Gori, its role in the Kartli – Kakheti Kingdom after the fall of the
Unified Georgian Kingdom are studied in the monography. The residence of Kartli
Kings was often located in Gori.
Gori was rebuilt and destroyed (often by the Georgians themselves for self-
defense) for centuries. It was mostly invaded by the conquerors.
The sources that have come down to us give us the possibility to restore the
town`s image of the feudal epoch, particularly, its fence, streets, squares, bazaar,
taverns, houses, districts, baths and mills. There were gardens and vineyards in Gori as
well as in other feudal towns. Much attention is paid to the restoration of the Gori
Fortress interior architecture, water supply system etc.
The information about the church of St. Giorgi (Gori Jvari) is strongly
interconnected with Gori, and is very important for Gori people; the history of its
construction and reconstruction in different periods of its existence is briefly stated in
the book. The surfs of the church made up a considerable part of Gori population.
Despite the absence of written sources, it can be argued that Gori had already been
inhabited in the antique epoch. The information about Gori population of the feudal
epoch is fragmentary, that`s why the presented dynamics of the town`s population in
different periods of its development is approximate. Ethnic composition of Gori
593
population is also approximate. It is clear that from the beginning of the XII century
together with Georgian, there was Armenian population as well, though small. Later, it
continued to be small compared with the indigenous population.
We can say that the medieval Gori, like other towns of Georgia, became a reliable
shelter for the Armenians, forced to leave their homeland.
The Armenians had the opportunity to continue their national and cultural life
unhampered and unhindered and participate in the political, economic and cultural life
of our country.
For a long time, the part of the Armenians separated from their homeland and
accustomed to local culture, language and customs was losing their characteristic
national features, and differed only in religion. There were also reverse processes - the
armenianization of Georgians, only from religious point of view, but other than that,
they were Georgians.
Many Gori people were leaving the town and they were settling in other towns of
Georgia for different reasons. It is known that the people who moved from Gori were
mostly merchants. Besides the frequent raids of enemies the causes for resettlement
were confessional and the existing tax system. But the main reason was the serfdom and
related oppression.
The main part of the population of feudal Gori was merchants and artisans, who
were serfs. The aggravated servile relations in the village forced the merchants and
artisans to find shelter in the town. The serfs were also moving from the village to the
town, and got under more “enduring” whip. Having moved from any kingdom of
Georgia, the peasant continued to be the property of his lord, who could dispose of at
his own discretion. There were cases when the lord did not know the location of his
serf, and the latter was unattainable to him. However, the existing situation in the town
forced merchants and artisans to look for their defender, who was the local lord. Thus,
in fact, there were no legally free manufacturers both in Gori and other feudal towns.
Everyone whether he wished it or not, should have had his own lord.
The King, Queen, Princes and Nobles had serfs in Gori. There were also many
ecclesiastical serfs in Gori. One part of the serfs had the serfs themselves and formed the
wealthy city people. The representatives of the ruling class had a certain influence on
the feudal life of Gori. They did not live in the town permanently, but together with
the serfs, they had palaces, taverns, gardens etc. and they could not remain inactive of
the events in the town, and naturally, they tried to intervene. The influence of the
feudal aristocracy on the city life was insignificant, as Gori was the royal town, and the
people could directly contact the central power. The King governed the town through
the representatives of feudal lords; it is true that yet their power was limited.
594
The social strata of Gori population: merchants, artisans and peasants were
imposed various taxes. The legislation of those days divided the taxes into two main
parts: social (state and lordly) and ecclesiastical.
The whole town, as a rule, was imposed by the state tax, and then, the town chief
distributed it among the town people, taking into consideration their social and
property status. Class and interclass conflicts are clearly seen in feudal Gori. The
population of the town was fighting for their rights. It often had conflicts with the town
governor (Mouravi).
The Mouravi had permanently been from the Amilakhvari Family since XIV
century.
When speaking about the anti-feudal struggle in Gori, we should take into
consideration the fact, that it was directed not against the feudalism as a whole, but
against the separate feudal lords or the representatives of the authorities, and
participating in it were mainly merchants and artisans. The struggle of the privileged
strata of the town`s population was comparatively organized. They were not satisfied
with their rights. The most common type of struggle against the feudal lord was an
appeal to the King with a complaint. There are cases with the escape and armed
resistance.
Craft work was significantly developed in Gori throughout its existence.
Based on archeological materials, in the antique period the preference was given to
the pottery: manufacturing roof tiles, bricks, waterspouts etc.
The craft work achieved high level in the feudal epoch in Gori. However, it should
be noted, that Gori throughout its existence, before unification of Georgia with Russia,
was more of a trade center than the center of craft.
Due to its favorable geographical position, Gori became a significant trade center.
The materials, found on the Gori territory, speak about the trade relations of Gori in the
antique period. The importance of the town, as a trade center was not the same in
different periods. Its rise and fall were stipulated by either internal or foreign situation
of the country. The Gori merchants played an important economic role in the whole of
Georgia during the feudal epoch. They were involved in the international trade. The
merchants traded and had their trading houses in Russia, Iran, North and East
Transcaucasia. As it turns out, the Gori merchants reached India as well.
Usury was also developed in Gori. Representatives of all layers of feudal society
lent and borrowed money: peasants, artisans, merchants, princes, members of the royal
family and the King himself. Mostly the merchants, representatives of feudal nobles and
the church were busy with the usury; peasants and artisans were seldom engaged in it.
595
Both the money and different things were given as a loan. The loan was often paid in
kind with cereals and wine.
Gori was a royal town and it was governed by the officials appointed by the King.
But, it did not prevent the King and feudal aristocracy to interfere in the process of
town governing. Being in the town, the King would not miss the chance of interfering
in the governing process, and he personally studied the legal cases. The similar activities
of the King are well reflected in the writing sources from the times of King Irakli II.
The town`s bureaucratic apparatus was rather numerous and was mainly funded
by the population. The governor of the town (Mouravi) was the senior official of the
local government. He was appointed by the King and managed economic,
administrative and legal cases. The governor of the town did not live in Gori.
The commandant, governor, monitor etc. occupied an important place in the
process of governing the town.
Gori occupied a significant place in the political life of feudal Georgia; it was a
center of voivodship (Sadrosho).
Gori was distinguished by the abundancy of churches: Georgian Orthodox, Armenian
and Catholic. The sources give the possibility to restore the outer and inner look of some of
them and localize them on the territory of the current town, define the estates, the income
of some churches and to know what churches had what kind of privileges.
The situation of Georgian Orthodox churches in church hierarchy is extremely
vague. It is difficult to determine who governed the Gori Georgian churches. The
situation is getting worse with the fact that different churches had their serfs in Gori.
They were also subjects to ecclesiastical figures of different ranks. The studied sources
give the opportunity to state that the Gori Diocese was united into “Samtavro”, and it
was in charge of Archbishop, who had the same title of Gori Bishop.
There were the following Gori Orthodox churches: the Church of St. George the
Victorious, the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Church of
the Archangel, the Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin, Virgin Mary Cathedral
in Gori, the Church of St. John the Baptist and also the Church of St. Queen Tamar.
Throughout many centuries the clergy of Armenian churches in Gori had
privileges and freedom. They had an important economic power in the Kartli-Kakheti
Kingdom. Based on the preserved information, there were the following Armenian
churches in Gori: Virgin Mary Cathedral, the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed
Virgin Mary, St. Stephen Church and the Church of the Resurrection of Christ.
The work of catholic missionaries in Gori is thoroughly studied in the
monography, their relations with different classes and social layers of the feudal society,
official church etc.
596
ГОРИ (ДО 1801 г.)
Резюме
Монография ставит целью изучение истории г. Гори с древнейших

времен до 1801 года, т. е. до воссоединения картлийско-кахетинского
царства с Россией, когда в связи с утратой независимости Грузии
ослабла активная роль Гори в экономическом, политическом и
культурном плане. Гори утратил важнейшую функцию – защиты страны.
Таким образом, с начала XIX столетия в истории Гори, как и всей
Грузии вообще, начинается новый этап.
На протяжении всего средневековья Гори был одним из важнейших
городов Грузии и в связи с благоприятным стратегическим положением
является сильным городом-крепостью. Поэтому, как свидетельствуют
археологические материалы поселение здесь с древнейших времен, и
крепость была воздвигнута еще в античную пору, хотя ее основателем
считается традиционно Давид IV Строитель, т.е. основание крепости
приписывают к первой четверти XII столетия.
Однако я считаю, что первым письменным источником является
армянский нарративный источник – «История» псевдо Шапуха
Багратуни, где автор, повествуя о событиях X столетия, дает
ценнейшие сведения о Гори.
В монографии, опираясь на многочисленные нарративные и
документальные источники, исследованы все основные моменты
политической истории Гори, ее роль в картлийско-кахетинском царстве
после распада единого грузинского царства. Резиденция картлийских
царей часто была в Гори.
Гори отстраивался и разрушался (нередко в интересах самообороны
самими грузинами) в течение веков. В основном же он подвергался
нападению со стороны захватчиков.
Дошедшие до нас источники позволяют восстановить облик города
феодальной эпохи, в частности, с ее оградой, улицами, площадью,
базаром, дуканами, домами, кварталами, баней, мельницами. В Гори, так
же, как в других феодальных городах, имелись сады и виноградники. В
книге уделено много внимания восстановлению внутренней архитектуры
Горийской крепости, системе водоснабжения и т.д.
597
Коротко говорится о кровно взаимосвязанной с городом Гори и
важнейшей для горийцев церкви св. Георгия (Гориджвари), об истории
ее построения и реконструкции в разные периоды ее существования.
Крепостные этой церкви составляли значительную часть населения Гори.
Несмотря на отсутствие письменных источников, можно утверждать,
что Гори был заселен уже в античную эпоху. Сведения о населении
города Гори феодальной эпохи фрагментарны, поэтому представленная
нами динамика населения города в разные периоды его развития носит
приблизительный характер. Приблизителен и этнический состав
населения Гори. Видно, что с начала XII века, наряду с грузинским,
здесь имелось и армянское население, хотя и немногочисленное. Оно и
впоследствии составляло небольшую часть по сравнению с коренным
населением.
Можно сказать, что средневековый Гори, подобно другим городам
Грузии, стал надежным убежищем для гонимых со своей родины армян.
Армяне имели возможность беспрепятственно продолжить свою
национально-культурную деятельность и участвовать в политической,
экономической и культурной жизни нашей страны.
В течение долгого времени, часть оторванных от своей родины
армян, приобщившись к местной культуре, языку, обычаям, постепенно
теряла характерные ей национальные черты и часто отличалась от
Грузии лишь вероисповеданием. Имели место и обратные процессы –
армянизация Грузии, однако, лишь с религиозной точки зрения, в
остальном они оставались грузинами.
Множество горийцев по разным причинам покидали город и
селились в других городах Грузии. Известно, что переселившиеся из
Гори были в большинстве своем купцами. Причинами переселения,
кроме частых набегов врага, были конфессиональная, а также сущест-
вующая налоговая система. Но главной причиной оставался крепостной
гнет.
Основную часть населения феодального Гори составляли купцы и
ремесленники, находившиеся в крепостной зависимости. Обострившиеся
в деревне крепостные взаимоотношения вынуждали купцов и
ремесленников искать убежище в городе. Из села в город устремились
также крепостные крестьяне. Поселившиеся в городе попадали под более
«выносимый» кнут. Переселившийся из любового грузинского царства
598
крестьянин продолжал оставаться собственностью своего барина,
который мог распорядится его судьбой по своему усмотрению. Были
случаи, когда барину не было известно местонахождение своего крепо-
стного, и тогда тот был для него недосягаем. Однако, создавшаяся в
городах ситуация вынуждала купца и ремесленника самому искать
защитника в лице местного барина. Итак, в Гори, также, как и в других
феодальных городах, юридически и реально свободных производителей
не существовало. Каждый по желанию и вопреки ему должен был иметь
своего господина.
В Гори крепостными владели царь, царица, князья, дворяне. В Гори
было также множество церковных крепостных. Часть крепостных сама
обладала крепостными и составляла имущую часть горожан. На жизнь
феодального Гори определенное влияние имели представители
господствующего класса. Они жили в городе непостоянно, но, имея
своих крепостных, обладали дворцами, дуканами, садами и т. д., не
могли оставаться безучастными к событиям, происходящим в городе, и,
естественно, старались вмешаться. Влияние феодальной аристократии на
городскую жизнь было незначительно, так как Гори был царским
городом, и граждане могли непосредственно связаться с центральной
властью. Царь управлял городом через некоторых представителей
феодалов, правда, власть феодала-чиновника была все же ограничена.
Социальное положение населения Гори: купцы, ремесленники, крес-
тьяне облагались различными повинностями. Тогдашнее законодательство
разделяло повинности на две основные части: светские (государственные
и барские) и церковные.
Государственным налогом облагался, как правило, оптом весь город,
а затем городской староста распределял его на горожан, учитывая их
социальное и имущественное положение. В феодальном Гори хорошо
видна классовая и внутриклассовая борьба. Население города боролась
за защиту своих прав. Оно имело частые конфликты с правителем
города (моуравом).
С XIV столетия моуравы почти неизменно были из рода Амила-
хвари.
Говоря об антифеодальной борьбе в Гори, нужно иметь в виду, что
она была направлена не против феодализма вообще, а против отдельных
феодалов, или представителей власти, и вней участвовали, в основном,
599
купцы и ремесленники. Сравнительно организованной была борьба
привилегированных слоев городского населения, которая не довольс-
твовалась своей правдой. Распространенной формой борьбы против
феодала или феодала-чиновника было обращение к царю с жалобой.
Встречаются случаи побега и вооруженного сопротивления.
На протяжении всего существования в Гори в значителной степени
было развито ремесло.
В античную пору, исходя из археологических материалов, предпо-
чтение оказывалось гончарному делу: изготовлению черепицы, кирпича,
водосточных труб и т. д.
Ремесленное дело поднялось на более высокий уровень в эпоху
феодального Гори. Однако, надо подчеркнуть, что Гори на протяжении
своего существования, во всяком случае, до воссоединения Грузии с
Россией, был более торговым центром, нежели ремесленным.
Благодаря своему благоприятному географическому положению, Гори
с самого начала превратился в значительный торговый центр. О тор-
говых взаимоотношениях Гори в античную эпоху свидетельствуют
найденные на территории города материалы. Значение города как
торгового центра, конечно, в разные периоды было неодинаковым. Его
возвышение или упадок были обусловлены внутренним или внешним
положением страны. Горийские купцы в эпоху феодализма играли
серьёзную экономическую роль во всей Грузии. Они были вовлечены в
международную торговлю. Купцы торговали и имели свои торговые
дома в России, Иране, в северном и восточном Закавказье. Как
выясняется, горийские купцы достигали и Индии.
В Гори было развито и ростовщичество. Отдавали и брали в долг
представители всех слоев феодального общества: крестьяне, ремесле-
нники, купцы, князья, члены царской семьи и сам царь. Ростов-
щичеством занимались в основном купцы, а также представители феода-
льной знати и церковь, реже крестьяне и ремесленники. В долг давали
как деньгами, так и натурой. Часто возвращение долга с процентом
производилось натурой: зерновыми и вином.
Гори был царским городом и управлялся назначенными царем чино-
вниками. Однако, это не исключало вмешательство царя и феодальной
аристократии в управление городом. Находясь в городе, царь не упускал
случая вмешаться в городское управление и даже лично разбирал суде-
600
бные дела. Подобная деятельность царя особенно хорошо отражена в
письменных источниках со времен царя Ираклия II.
Городской чиновничий аппарат был довольно многочисленен и
содержался в основном за счет населения.
Высшим чиновником местного управления был правитель города
(моурави). Он назначался царем и ведал хозяйственными, администра-
тивными и судебными делами. Правитель города не жил в Гори.
В городском правлении значительное место занимали комендант,
городничий, староста и др.
Гори занимал значительное место в политической жизни феодальной
Грузии, будучи ценром воеводства (Садрошо).
Гори отличался обилием церквей: грузинских православных, армя-
нских и католических. Источники дают возможность восстановить внеш-
ний и внутренний вид некоторых из них, локализовать их расположение
на территории нынешнего города, установить поместья и доходы
некоторых церквей, а также установить какие церкви какими приви-
легиями обладали.
Положение грузинских православных церквей в церковной иерархии
крайне неопределенно. Трудно установить, кто управлял горийскими
грузинскими церквями. Положение осложняется и тем, что в Гори имели
своих крепостных различные церкви. Они же подчинялись духовным лицам
разных рангов. Изученные нами источники дают возможность утверждать,
что горийская епархия была объединена в «Самтавро» и во главе ее стоял
архиепископ, который носил также титул горийского епископа.
Горийскими православными церквями были: Георгия Победоносца,
Успения Пресвятой Богородицы, Архангела, Благовещения Богородицы,
Горийской Богородицы, Иоанна Крестителя, а также церковь Царицы.
В течение многих веков духовенство горийских армянских церквей
обладало привилегиями и свободой.
Они представляли серьезную экономическую силу в картлийско-
кахетинском царстве. Исходя из сохранившихся материалов, в Гори
были следующие армянские церкви: Богородицы, Успения Богородицы,
святого Стефана и Воскресения Христа.
В монографии подробно изучена деятельность католических мисси-
онеров в Гори, их взаимоотношения с различными классами и социа-
льными слоями феодального общества, с официальной церковью и т.д.
601
saZiebeli
pirTa saxelebi
a aTanasiosi 459, 550

abaSisSvili gorjasp 102 akofa 260
abaSiZe zurab 116 akofa iza 265
abdalaZe a. 35 aladaTaSvili oTara 269
abdula begi 134, 139 aladaTaSvili murada 269
abeliani m. 35 aladaTaSvili papa 269
abibosi 32-33 aladaSvili gogila 366, 393
abovai, narikas Svili 259 aladaSvilebi 500
abuaSvili leila 517 alapaSvili papa 370
abulaSvili sulxana 268 alaSvili zali 315
agustino livornoeli 424 al-efendi 76
adami, TerZebis mfarveli 312 aleqsi 254
adam oleariusi 410 aleqsandre batoniSvili 287
aduasSvili barTlome 267 aleqsandre I didi 54, 71,
avaliSvili gulbaT 376 171, 209, 265, 316, 337, 346,
avaliSvili ioane 389 438, 540, 553, 566
avaliSvili petre 365 aleqsandre 14, 94, 96, 119, 186
avaliSvili qaixosro 376 aleqsandre 14, 94, 96, 119, 186,
ambrosio, avgustineli beri 412 245, 567
avetika 258, 263 aleqsandre golovini 557
avitabile, misioneri 96, 98- aleqsandre makedoneli 556,
99, 103, 190, 216, 257, 272, 567
281, 348, 351, 385, 389, 400, aleqsandre II 63, 84, 238
409, 411, 413-420 aleqsandre IV 109, 110, 196
avTandila, mewisqvile 203 aleqsandre, ruseTis impera-
avTandilaSvili zalia 269, tori 394
361 aleqsi-mesxiSvili n. 483
avTandilaSvili farsadana aleqsiSvili iakobi 300
269 aleqsiSvili petre 501, 505
avnia baras Ze 254 alibegi 78
avranaSvili, goreli 260 alimbaraSvili ioseb 472, 480
azat xani 144 aliozi, patri 433
azizaSvili akofa 324 ali faSa 78
aTanase aleqsandrieli 557, alixana 270
567 alixanaSvili goderZa 268
aTanase beri 499, 551, 552, 559, ambrosio duS anJusi 95, 406-
565, 408, 410, 416
602
ambrojio kontarini 8, 13, 16 amiraRaSvili dolmaza 269
amilaxvrebi 266, 267, 290, 345, amiraRaSvili zurabi 294, 361,
363, 497 401
amilaxvari avTandil 113, 358, amiraRaSvili Tamaza 269
378 amiraRaSvili ioseb 358
amilaxvari aleqsandre 375, amiraRaSvili ohajana 269
376 amirbaraSvili elizbara 260
amilaxvari amirani 395 givia, amovardnili 504
amilaxvari amirando 137, 143, zubita, amovardnili 504
189, 297, 320, 342, 379 ananiaSvilebi 540, 541, 544
amilaxvari anduyafar 111, ananiaSvili sfiridoni 515-
341, 378, 379, 381, 384, 497 516, 543, 544
amilaxvari barZim 245, 378 ananievi qristefore 513, 515,
amilaxvari beJani 380 516, 544
amilaxvari givi 37, 114, 124- anastasi beri 559
127, 134-135, 137-141, 184, 193, ana xanumi 146-147, 197
196, 342, 378, 380, 423 angoli, misioneri 419
amilaxvari giorgi 168, 246 andria, mRvdeli 513
amilaxvari demetre 267, 309 andria, patri 434
amilaxvari dimitri 374, 378 andronikaSvilebi 259
amilaxvari zaal 105 andronikaSvili giorgi 361
amilaxvari Taya 54 andronikaSvili daviTi 361
amilaxvari iese 290-292, 298, andronikaSvili Tamaz 134
371 andronikaSvili Taya 315
amilaxvari ioTami 96, 105-107, andronikaSvili ioseb 327
112-114, 233, 340, 341, 378 andronikaSvili merabi 361
amilaxvali ioseb 363 andronikaSvili rostomi 361
amilaxvari nina 483 andronike iagrini 538
amilaxvari oTar 163, 165-168, aniakini n. 35
189, 198, 237, 238, 258, 260, anna, ruseTis dedofali 564
281, 284, 291, 293, 295, 344, anJ de viterbi 426
346-348, 353, 358, 364, 384 aristarxos beri 559
amilaxvari paata 378 anton I, kaTalikos-patriar-
amilaxvari revaz 137, 139, qi 145-146, 148, 195, 225, 392-
154-157, 162, 179, 180, 183, 223, 393, 395, 431-432, 554, 566
224, 225, 233, 291-292, 300, anton II, kaTalikos-patriar-
342, 350, 358, 366, 381 qi 542
amiranaSvili ioseb 478, 484 antona qarTveli 433, 434
amiran sadis Ze 254 antonio Zata 11
amiraRaanT amira 401 antonio jardana 416
amiraRaSvili gabrieli 401 antoniusi 20
603
antonovi zurabi 325 baba xani 161
anton trentoeli, patri 431 bagrat VI 339-340
anjerlo viterboeli 421 bagrati (giorgiis Ze) 479
araqelas Svili zura 262 bagrat IV 447, 452-453, 457-460,
araqel bainduras Ze 254 473, 486, 499, 546, 549, 564-
araqel minasis Ze 254 565
ardaSeli 425 bagrationi Teimuraz 149,154
arsa el munif xani 254 bagrationi ioane 37, 44
aruTena 270 bainduraSvili gabrieli 317
arqanjelo lamberti 413-415, bainduraSvili giorgi 330,
417-419 366
arqipo 461 bano beras Ze 254
arCil mefe, 109, 234 296, 552, baram dolmazis Ze 254
565 baraTaSvili zaqaria 508
arCil vaxtangis Ze 28-30 baraTaSvili Tamaz 111
arCil II 109, 110, 506 baraTaSvili qaixosro 94,
asan faSa 117, 133 234
asaturaSvili papina 270 baraTaSvili Sadimani 93
aslaniSvili gabriel 430, baramis Ze 254
442 baramaSvili giorgi 269
aslamaz-xani 135 barbaros josafati 12, 58
asturaSvili avTandil 317 barTlome sanjulianeli 424
aRa mahmad xani 156-160, 258, barZim erisTavi 134, 296
261 basil argirosi 457
aRa mustafa 222 basili II bulgarTmmusvreli
aRa-stefana 323-324 452, 455, 456
aSarmaSanaSvili papia 323 bastamaSvili daTina 269
aSarmaSanaSvili xazara 323 batoniSvili aleqsandre 158,
aSarmaSanaSvili xudada 320, 163
323 batoniSvili giorgi 69, 156
aWariani h. 35 batoniSvili daviT 56, 197
ajaxani 139 batoniSvili erekle 139, 140-
ahmed III 37, 125 141
ahmed aRa 221 batoniSvili vaxuSti 8, 15,
ahmed faSa 71 29-31, 41, 43, 45, 48, 53, 57,
ahmud abdallahis Ze 254 59, 73, 83, 85-88, 97, 111, 117,
119, 120, 124, 134, 170, 172,
b 174, 185, 196, 204, 215, 229,
baadur begi 330 236, 246,
babalaSvili avTandili 261 batoniSvili vaxtang 165
babalasSvili giorgi 361 batoniSvili ioane 160, 181
604
batoniSvili iuloni 159-160, burnaSevi s. 174, 181, 223,
162, 165, 168, 315, 363 buxunaSvili daTuna 269
batoniSvili muxran 159
batoniSvili Teimuraz 165 g
batoniSvili farnaoz 160, gabaSvili besik 431
164, 165, 167, gabaSvili v. 253
baqar batoniSvili 117, 118, gabaSvili zaqaria 431-432
120, 121, 125, 128, 237, 504 gabriel arcaliaTu 566
baqar mefe 299, 554, 566 gabriel giorgis Ze 254
baqari (vaxtangis Ze) 464, 483 gabriel dekanozi 459, 550,
baqraZe d. 197, 226, 228, 232, 565
350, 469, 484 gabriel episkoposi 564
baRdad zurabis Ze 254 gabriel isTafanis Ze 254
baRdasari 254 gabriel rubenis Ze 254
bayaTari 44, 49 gaetano korlito 416
beburiSvili givi 133 garsevan dekanozi 487, 494,
begisSvili husein 106 500, 507-508, 551, 565, 566
benediqte 307 garsevaniSvilebi 447-449, 454,
beno gorgiCas Ze 254 458-460, 464-465, 473, 484-486,
beJuas Svili gogia 299 498, 500, 502-503, 505, 519,
beJuas Svili goderZa 299 536-537, 540-542, 544, 565
beraZe giorgi 331 garsevaniSvili aleqsandre
beraZe daTuna 262 38, 228, 395, 450, 451, 454,
beraZe nasyida 315 463, 467, 468, 486, 494, 499,
beri egnataSvili 53, 66, 88, 516-517, 520-522, 528-531, 535-
107 538, 555, 563
berinaSvili xizana 267 garsevaniSvili aleqsandre
ბერნარდო maria neapoleli aleqsandres Ze 450, 537,
421-422 563
berqa yaeni 44 garsevaniSvili aleqsandre
beruaSvili oTara 269 svimonis Ze 450, 509, 511,
berZeniSvili i. 48 518, 535-538, 545, 557, 567
berZeniSvili niko 16, 23, 31, garsevaniSvili andria 465,
40, 304-305, 314, 455, 506 502, 508, 563
besarion mTavarepiskoposi garsevaniSvili antoni 558
498, 542 garsevaniSvili apolnari 561
beJani 139 garsevaniSvili arkadi 560
bitaSvili kacia 268 garsevaniSvili barTlome
boiaZes Svili ivane 267 558
boni robert 11 garsevaniSvili besarion 560
brose m. 223, 237
605
garsevaniSvili gabriel 558, garsevaniSvili Teofane 558,
563 559, 562
garsevaniSvili garsevan 297, garsevaniSvili Teofile 262
502, 505, 510, 553, 554, 559, garsevaniSvili Teofilaqte
561, 562, 563 560
garsevaniSvili giorgi 563 garsevaniSvili Toma 560, 563
garsevaniSvili giorgi 390, garsevaniSvili iakobi 188,
464-465, 501-509, 511, 554, 559, 508-509, 511-512, 514-530, 541,
563, 566 543-544
garsevaniSvili gogia 563 garsevaniSvili iase iakobis
garsevaniSvili grigoli 465, Ze 467, 512-530, 531-535, 537,
501, 505, 558, 560, 563 543, 544, 554, , 556, 567
garsevaniSvili grigol garsevaniSvili iese 269, 390,
giorgis Ze 554, 558 449-451, 462-463, 487-489, 502,
garsevaniSvili grigori 262 503, 508, 509, 511, 553, 561,
garsevaniSvili daviT 507, 262
508563 garsevaniSvili iese garseva-
garsevaniSvili daviTa 297, nis Ze 510-511, 563
560, 562, 563 garsevaniSvili ivane 519, 563
garsevaniSvili demetre 509, garsevaniSvili ilarion 561
519, 541, 559, 560 garsevaniSvili ilia 563
garsevaniSvili dimitri 563 garsevaniSvili ioane
garsevaniSvili dimitri demetres Ze 450, 561
giorgis Ze 511, 560, 563 garsevaniSvili ioanne 558
garsevaniSvili evstaTi 262 garsevaniSvili ioseb 561, 563
garsevaniSvili elisabedi garsevaniSvili ioseb garse-
451 vanis Ze 555, 558
garsevaniSvili epifane 262 garsevaniSvili kirile 558
garsevaniSvili erasti 558 garsevaniSvili konstantine
garsevaniSvili vasili 563 559
garsevaniSvili zaqaria 559, garsevaniSvili konstantone
561, 563 561
garsevaniSvili zenon 561 garsevaniSvili lavrenti 560
garsevaniSvili Tamaz 507, garsevaniSvili leon 558
508, 563 garsevaniSvili makari 559
garsevaniSvili Teodosi di- garsevaniSvili makari 560
mitris Ze 450, 560 garsevaniSvili malxazi 563
garsevaniSvili Teodore 558, garsevaniSvili mamuka 507,
559,, 563 563
garsevaniSvili Teodosi 519, garsevaniSvili markoz 561,
563 562
606
garsevaniSvili markoz 502, garsevaniSvili tarasi 561
540, 560, 561 garsevaniSvili tetia 189, 297
garsevaniSvili mataTia 559 garsevaniSvili timoTe 560
garsevaniSvili melania 520 garsevaniSvili filimon 545-
garsevaniSvili mixail 561, 546, 558
563 garsevaniSvili filipe 558
garsevaniSvili nestor 450, garsevaniSvili foti 558, 559
558, 560 garsevaniSvili qeTino 451
garsevaniSvili nikifore 558 garsevaniSvili nikanor,
garsevaniSvili nikolaoz mxedri 559
558, 563 gaspar gabrielis Ze 254
garsevaniSvili nikolozi gastaldi jakomo 10
502, 508 geneba iohanis Ze 278
garsevaniSvili oTar 563 gvazava andria 495
garsevaniSvili onise 554 gvasalia j. 32-33
garsevaniSvili onosime 505, gvritiSvili daviTi 30, 48,
510, 563 211, 377
garsevaniSvili pavle 558, 562 givi, wisqvilis patroni 203
garsevaniSvili panteleimon givinaSvili goderZa 268-269
560 givi ramazis Ze 254, 278
garsevaniSvili petre 392, gilaSvili grigol 266
509, 541, 559, 563 gilaSvili sexnia 266
garsevaniSvili platon 558, giorgi 161, 166-167, 188, 237,
563 497
garsevaniSvili-robaqiZe giorgi I 546, 564
anastasia 537 giorgi II 71, , 452
garsevaniSvili prokofi 561 giorgi II 477-479
garsevaniSvili roin 562 giorgi III 40, 92, 258-259, 551
garsevaniSvili saba 502, 563 giorgi IV 42
garsevaniSvili samson 562 giorgi V brwyinvale 50, 177,
garsevaniSvili sexnia 563 212
garsevaniSvili svimon 269, giorgi VI 116-117
501, 502, 517, 558, 561, 563 giorgi VII 52, 54,
garsevaniSvili sozon 563 giorgi VIII 55-56, 62, 339
garsevaniSvili solomon 558, giorgi IX 65-66
563 giorgi X 91 , 316, 548
garsevaniSvili sofia 520 giorgi XI 17, 109-112, 115, 173,
garsevaniSvili sofroni 558, 268, 316, 317, 481, 482, 495
561 giorgi II, imerTa mefe 477-479
garsevaniSvili stefane 558, giorgi XII 161-162, 165, 181,
562 293, 301, 307, 436
607
giorgi batoniSvili 376, 483, gurgeni 34
500, 504, 566 gurgeniZe mixail 531, 535
giorgi ganmgebeli 559 gurieli svimon 102, 186, 418
giorgi erisTavi 391, 400
giorgi eriskaci 559 d
giorgi vaxtangis Ze 464 dadiani daviT 517, 524-530,
giorgi imerTa mefe 548 556, 564
giorgi kederne 453 dadiani vamiy 109
giorgi rusi 38, 40-41 dadiani levan II 95, 102-103,
giorgi qarTveli 454-455, 546 386
giorgiSvili rostomi 308 dadiani levan V 524
giuldenStedti i.a. 174, 223, dadiani Tamari 521
433 dadiani manuCar I 479
glurjiZe luarsab 133 daviT arCilis Ze 159
gogibasSvili simon 267 daviT batoniSvili 280, 306,
gogibasSvili toxel 315 355
goderZi 188 daviTaSvili daviT 258-259
goderZi jurji 254 daviT giorgis Ze 159
golicini 467 daviT dimitris Ze 46-47
gorgasali vaxtang 28, daviT leonis Ze 556
gorgoCa avTandila 278 daviT farsadanis Ze 254
gorgijanaSvili 178 daviTi, giorgi XII-is Svili
gorgijaniZe aleqsi 426 165-168, 192, 200, 233
gorgijaniZe giorgi 104 daviT II 158-159
gorgijaniZe estate 426 daviT IV aRmaSenebeli 28, 31,
gorgijaniZe meqini 426 35, 39, 42, 170, 256, 302, 313,
gorgijaniZe mirijani 426 474
gorgijaniZe farsadan 14, 45, daviT VII andronike 336
66, 68, 72, 96-97, 101, 105, 107- daviT VII ulu 42, 44-45
108, 111, 182, 187, 191, 194, daviT VIII 49
196, 199, 215, 232, 400, 426, daviT X 63, 65, 265
471 daviT dekanozis Svili 559
goCa, spaspeti 89 daviT marqari 312
goCaSvili giorgi 107, 234 daviTiSvili zaal 294, 332
goCiZe berika 262 daviT qsnis erisTavi 268
grafinia tolstoi 483 davreSaSvili petre 189, 297-
grigol eposkoposi 539 298
grigol zurabis Ze 556, 567 davreSaSvili farsadana 269
guliSambaraSvili gabriela davriS begi 133
269 davriJeci araqel 87, 93, 214
guramiSvili daviT 122-123 daTuaSvili xojarTbeg 319
608
dalaqi zuraba 268 don jakomo di stefano 412
damiane, berobaSi daviT X 66 doroTeos kaTalikosi 265
damiane, patri 439, 442 dosiTeos II, ierusalimis
damiane viarenjieli, patri patriarqi 481
441 dreniakini 17, 228
darejan dedofali 160-161, dustiraSvili osefa 269
203, 234, 259, 263-264, 284,
305-307, 363, 402, 412, 435, 506 e
daniel eposkoposi 539 egaZe petre 517
dardaneli 564 eva, TerZebis mfarveli 312
daud xani 69, 71, 73, 74, 96-97 evstaTi episkoposi 559
derJavini n. 310-312 evsevi egzarqosi 488, 531, 533
diakvniSvili farsadana 266, ekaterine II 518, 520, 555
269 elene dedofali 76, 91, 109,
diakvniSvili firbudaxa 266 159, 196, 209, 447, 458-460,
diakvniSvili Sermazana 266 462, 474, 476, 478, 486, 549,
klapiton, diakoni 559 564, 565
evdemoz I diasamiZe 419 elizbari 159, 188, 497
diasamiZe dimitri 231, 295, elizbar erisTavi 106
349-350, 352-353 elCibegaSvili baindura 396
diasamiZe elizbar 376 elCibegaSvili daTina 396
diasamiZe ioane 349, 353 emidio, patri 442
diasamiZe iovane 353 emin aRa 71
diasamiZe tetia 349, 353 engulaSvili RvTisavara 269
dimitri eSikaRabaSi 144 endronikaSvili daviTi 357
dimitri arximandriti 559 endronikaSvili manuCari 262,
dimitri eriskaci 554, 566 309
dimitri II 46 endronikaSvili merabi 262
diokletiane 242 endronikaSvili suxina 309
dolmaza 320, 330 enuq marqani, Wonebis mfar-
dolmaz ramazis Ze 254 veli 312
domenti III kaTalikosi 261, epifane eriskaci 559
265-266 ermolovi a. p., ruseTis ja-
domenti IV kaTalikosi 117- rebis mTavarsardali saqar-
118, 392, 464, 482, 485-487, TveloSi 19
505-506 erekle I 109-111, 113-115, 195,
donaSvili petre 463, 500 267, 289-290, 341, 343, 508
dondoraSvili farsadana erekle II 37, 143-147151, 153,
266 155, 157-161, 165, 179, 180-181,
don gabriel asalaniSvili, 183, 186, 197, 198, 203, 205,
patri 429 223, 224, 226, 228-233, 237, 255,
609
259, 279, 281, 283-284, 289-290, z
295, 297, 300-301, 315, 320, 324- zaal erisTavi 107-108
326, 333, 347-352, 357, 359, 365, zaliSvili Taya 269
366, 371, 381, 401, 403, 429, 432- zaqaraSvili gigua 268
434, 438, 439, 465, 511, 520, 542, zaqaria arqinmandriti 513
543, 552, 565 zaqaria kaTalikosi 414
erTieraSvili solaRa 260 zaqaria mwignobari 559
erisTavi g. 195 zedgeniZe zevdgini 54
ermakovi d. 463 zedgeniZe avTandil 55-56, 61,
estate bados Ze 254 171, 337-339, 346
efremi, mRvdeli 513 zedginiZe Taya 337
zil hije 221
v zoia dedofali 546,564
valademuriSvili ferozi 62 zubalaSvilebi 259, 429, 442
varamaSvili nodar 26 zubalaSvili andria 324
varTanas Svili giorgi 262 zubiaSvili gabriela 269
varlam erisTavi 395 zubalaSvili giorgi 324
vasili (vladimiri) 546, 564 zubalaSvili estate 262
vasilievski iona 516-517 zubalaSvili iakobi 327
vasili mesanieosi, `yovlisa zubalaSvili ivane 324
xelobis mcodne~ 559 zubalaSvili konstantine
vaxtang II 46-47 442
vaxtang III 519 zubalaSvili levani 324
vaxtang IV 54-55 zubalaSvili merabi 324
vaxtang V Sahnavazi 109, 193, zubalaSvili stefane 442
196, 234, 237, 308, 364, 367, zubalovi andria 439, 440
370, 423, 425, 472, 480 zubalovi ioseb 441
vaxtang VI 29, 115-122, 126, 128, zurab, goris mamasaxlisi
173, 196, 236, 246, 305, 329, 158, 224
375, 377, 458-460, 462, 464, zurab erisTavi 95
469, 476, 481-484, 486, 498500, zurab estates Ze 254
502, 504-506, 508, 510, 546,
549, 551, 553-554, 565-566 T
vaxuSti batoniSvili 257, TavdgiriZe besarion 489
375, 385, 459, 460, 479, 480, TaTriSvili berua 268
495, 499, 504 Tamaz gorCias Ze 254
vesan xani 254 Tamaz xani 127
vefxuaSvili xeCatura 265 Tamar mefe 18, 29, 38, 235, 390,
vinCenco karifa 416 393, 396, 459, 460, 463, 468,
virSeli 51 470, 473, 485, 499, 487, 500-
vitseni n. 173
610
501, 510, 541, 543, 550, 551, Tuman mWedeli 278
553-554, 565, 566 TumaniSvilebi 259, 270, 271,
TamaraSvili m. 98 296, 315, 322
TamaraSvili miqel 412, 415, TumaniSvili avTandili 179,
418, 425, 433, 442 187, 190, 226-227, 232, 255, 309
TamaraSvili w. 172 TumaniSvili al. 175
TareSa 320 TumaniSvili alxaza 322, 330
TarxniSvili nodar 26 TumaniSvili givi 202, 249,
Taurineli giorgi, patri 433 252, 351
TaqTaqiZe amun 376 TumaniSvili giorgi 317
Taya, molareTuxucesi 171, TumaniSvili gogia 331
Taya TumaniSvili 203, TumaniSvili daviTi 331
TayaiSvili eqvTime 374, 469, TumaniSvili egnate 187, 200-
476, 478-479 201, 404
TayinaSvili begTabeg 482 TumaniSvili zurabi 357
TayinaSvili gabriela 269 TumaniSvili Taya 357
TayinaSvili zaali 401 TumaniSvili mamuka 323
TayinaSvili meliq farsada- TumaniSvili manuCar 202. 293.
na 294, 401 296. 308. 323-324. 331. 397
TayinaSvili farsadan 269, TumaniSvili nikolozi 331
356, 362 TumaniSvili papuna 187, 200-
TayinaSvili feSangi 269 201, 404
TeTraZe giuna 496 TumaniSvili patarka 332
Teimuraz I 92. 94-95-105. 107. TumaniSvili sulxani 197,
139. 182. 187. 196. 234, 260, 324, 331-332
265, 340, 377, 399, 406-408, TumaniSvili jimSita 202
411-414, 416, 417, 444 TurmaniZe sulxan 86
Teimuraz II 134, 137-144, 146- Tuxareli Salva 376
147, 174, 199, 205, 209, 262,
282, 297, 320, 342, 365, 373, i
377, 381, 392, 430, 431, 438, iazikovi nikolai 152, 174-175,
465, 506, 507, 555, 567 178
TemuraSvili gabriela 269 iakob dekanozi 555
Temurlengi 52, 172, 212, 214 iakob mdivani 559
Teodos III 36 iakobisZe svimon 518
Teofilaqte arqiepiskoposi iakobi, `Semodgomeli~ 539
514, 516 iakof faremuzi 439
TogoSvili g. 48 iasaRCi Svilni 504
TuTara 254 iase, vaxtang VI-is Zma 122-123
TuTasSvili baRdasara 330 iase qsnis erisTavi 105-106
Tulaevi levani 433 iahia begi 223
611
iahia antioqieli 457 isaia mgalobeli 559
ibrahimi, baqar vaxtang VI-is isay-faSa 123
Ze 125 isidore mitropoliti 467,
ibrahim feCevi 77, 79 489, 552, 566
ieronime karafa 416 ismail I 64, 66, 88
ieronime norCeli, patri 431 isqander munSi 68, 217
iese aliyuli xani 117-118 ishak faSa 133, 201, 217, 219,
iese dekanozis Ze 532 221, 387
iese eriskaci 555, 566 iuzbaSi abdallah 278
iese mdivanbegi 383 iulius keisari 556, 567
iese mTargmneli 559 iuloni 161, 166-167
iese, mRvdeli 555, 567 iustiniane didi 466
iese qsnis erisTavi 268 iustiniane I 547, 548, 564
ieso qriste 209 iusuf begi 201, 219, 387
ivane 155 iusuf-faSa 123
ilia batoniSvili 534
ilia zedamxedveli 559 k
ilhaj ahmed 221 kanale juzepe 12
ilhaj ibrahimi 222 karlo, patri 422-444
imamyuli xani 138 kasteli, qristoforo de
ingoas Svili RvTisavara 319, 100-101, 169, 180, 195-196, 208-
322 210, 216, 400, 408, 415, 416,
induas Svili gogia 267 420
induas Svili Sio 267 kaWkaWiSvili manuCara 268-269
inokenti, papi 552, 566 kaWkaWiSvili miqel 362
ioane batoniSvili 539 kenTelaZe ivane 262
ioane episkoposi 539 kiknaZe r. 45
ioane maxarebeli 461, 483, 493 kirion II 490
ioane naTlismcemeli 466 kirile II 391
ioane paleologosi 552, 566 kirile mTavarepiskoposi 429,
ioane xucesi 496 445, 508-509
iona egzarqosi 544 klaproTi i. 174-175, 179, 191-
iordanaSvili basila 268 192, 194, 196, 198-199, 226-227,
ioseb II 157 385, 395
ioseb antonio romaeli 424 klaudio, morCili Zma 420
ioseb rusTveli 148, klemente galano 420
ioseliani platon 161, 163 kleopatre 20
irakli batoniSvili 534 knoringi, mTavarsardals sa-
irakli keisari 547, 552, 564, qarTveloSi, generali 17,
565 162-163, 166, 168, 306
irbaxi nikifore 102 kriJangiSvili yazara 269
612
kovalenski, sovetniki 162 ludoviko XII 556
konstantine 57, 59, 528 luka 419
konstantine II 36, 54-55 61-63,
120-123, 125, 128, 265 m
konstantine VIII 452, 455, 546, magu amiraRaT alaverda 322
564 maTe, mRvdeli 559
konstantine XI makalaTia sergi 7, 8, 21, 39,
paleologosi 553, 566 256
kontarini ambrojio 16, 172, malaCi 141
213, 347 mama abrami 313
kopaliani j. 341 mamasaxlisi goderZa 497
kopinovi zaqaria, diakvani 531 mamacaSvili zaqaria 517
kotoSaZe Tandila 262 mamajanaSvili givi 269
koxtaSvili petre 537 mamajanaSvili zaqaria 401
mamia gurieli 117
l mamisimedi zosime 496
lazarevi p. 162-163, 167-168, mamniaSvilebi 267
198 mamuka 127
lazaresSvili barnabe 267 mamuka dekanozi 496, 497, 507
lalasSvili papuna 315 mamulas Svili berua 262
lala faSa 73 mamulas Svili beJua 262
lamberti, patri 420 mamulas Svili manuCara 320,
laraZe, mRvdeli 432 322
levan batoniSvili 324, 425 mamulaSvilebi 267
levani, Teimuraz I-s Ze 94, manuCar II 64-65, 71, 75, 82
225 manuCar banuas Ze 254
levan kaxTa mefe 68, 265 markvarti i. 35
levan II dadiani 477-480 mariam dedofali 102-103, 106,
leluas Svili gabrieli 333 108-109, 186, 234, 264, 305,
lelukaSvili oTia 266 306, 320, 354, 359, 377, 396,
leoni 162 418-419, 453-455, 457, 507, 546
leonardo patri 432 maria jovani 58
leon mefe 553 mario koroneli , patri 440
liklikaSvili Cerqeza 269 mariusi patri 442
lobJaniZe mamuka 260 markozi dekanozi 463, 487,
lomasSvili glaxa 267 497, 507
lomasSvili gogia 267 markozi mitropoliti 553,
lopomani nasyida 419 566
luarsab I 66-68 masmalaSvili muradxani 263
luarsab II 92-93, 106-107, 157, mateo florino 416
162. 260. 354. 548 maferaSvili beJana 331
613
maRalaSvili 515 mogvreis Svili demetre 267
maCabeli farsadan 158 naTanzi moin addin 52
maWaraZe gogia 272 mordeni robert 10
maxaraSvili berua 267 mroveli leonti 15, 32, 33
maxaraSvili gogia 267 mroveli nikoloz 251-252
maxaraSvili Tevdore 267 mumeizi? 136
mahmud xani 82 mundaraSvili daviTa 260
mgalobeli dimitri 393, 542 munjis Svili miraqa 330
mgeliaSvili giorgi 269 murad III 84
zurabi, mdivani 140 muradiani p. 256, 400
sulxani, mdivani 363 muraviovi anton 150-151, 174,
mdivnisSvili daTa 269 255
megreliZe i. 236 muraviovi aleqsandre niko-
mezvris Svili giorgi 504 lozis Ze 465, 467-468
meliqovi aSi 324 muraviovi n.m. 467
meliqseTbegi leon 248 muravo fra. 9
melqisedek kaTalikos- muraliSvili Tamaza 270
patriarqi 455-457 murvaniSvili qaixosro 157
merabaSvili zuraba 269 mustafa faSa 124
mesxi Tamari 459, 460, 468, 486 muSribis Svili nasyida 319,
mesxia SoTa 30, 180, 190, 213, 322
214, 231, 260, 290, 312, 355, muSribis Svili osefa 319,
364 322
mefisaSvili zalina 315 muWaSvili daviTa 269
mewuRiSvili goderZa 269 muxranbatoni 268
mehmed faSa 72, 74, 75, 126 muxranbatoni vaxtang 107
mehmed III 90 muxranbatoni ioane 283, 296
mehmed yuli xani 121,124 muxran-batoniSvili domenti
milToni 318-319 389
miloti, abati 525-526, 556, muxran-batoniSvili
567 konstantine 374
mindiaSvili gogi 26 muhamed mociquli 219
miriani 161 muhamed xudabanda 69
mirianaSvili givina 269 mustafa lala faSa 70-71, 76,
mirianaSvili giorgi 269 214
mirianaSvili Tamaza 269
mirian mefe 552, 565 n
miqael mTavarangelozi 460, nadimaSvili sergo 536
461, 473-475, 486 nadir Sahi 133-135, 137, 141, 143,
miqelaZe pietro 78 222-223
mixail mwerali 559 nazar badas Ze 254
614
nasyida moqeris Ze 254 p
nezam ad-din Sami 53, 212 pavle, oqropir batoniSvi-
nestan-darejani 91, 316, 390 lis vaJi 167
nestan-darejani (levan II is pavle mociquli 556, 567
meuRle) 480 pavliaSvili q. 438
netari avgustine 210 paios mTavarepiskoposi 473,
nikolozi patri 437 508, 511, 542, 543, 555, 567
nikifore irbaxi 413 panini grafi 178, 433
nikolozi, mTavarepiskiposi panini n.i. 150-151
188 papuna iaralis Svili 262
nodaraSvili saruxana 320 parmen, mxatvari 559
noniaSvili Sermazan 504 pataSvili nasyida 268, 273
nurala, axalcixidan pedro duS santoSi 408
gadmosaxlebuli 258 pereslani patri 437
pereslani patri 437
o petre I aleqsis Ze 554, 567
oda baSi 254 petre basos Ze 254
oTar daTunas Ze 254 petres Svili zeinala 331
oljaiTu yaeni 49 peSeli karlo 409
omaniSvili gogia 300 pietro avitabile 8. 189
omaraZe Tamaza 269 pietro dela vale 411, 414
omar xani 158, 163 pietro duS anJusi 95
onofrio tfileli, patri plutarqe 524, 527, 556, 567
440 polikarpo neapolelo 421
orbeliani daTuna 269 praskovia uvariova 466
orbeliani dimitri 363
orbeliani zaal 144, 148 J
orbeliani papuna 136, 142, 146, JamTaaRmwereli 44-45, 48-50
374 Jan riSari 118-119
orbeliani sulxa-saba 428 Jan Sardeni 172, 178, 314, 426, 427
orbeliani qaixosro 373 Jil robert de vongondi 11
osinaSvili qaixosro 269
osman faSa 77-78, 126 r
otia, mariam dedoflis vaJi rainengsi i. 174
108, 139, 186 ramazas Svili givibegi 319,
otiaSvili ivane 268 322
oqromWedliSvili aleqsa rafael parmeli 421 ,424
269 rajaba 156
oqropir batoniSvili 534 rahimizade ibrahim 80
oxuziSvili fafina 376 revaz amilaxvari, goris
ohanjanaSvili isaia 362 moravi 145
615
resan xani 254 sakaZe ioseb 92
rejeb faSa 123, 124 samsonaSvili daviTi 531
romanox erisTavi 391, 392 sanasaraSvili qitesa 269
romanoz meRvineTuxucesi sansoni nikola 10-11
romanozi qarTlis safaraSvili p.k. 443
mTavarepiskoposi 391 saraji mRTisa 272
romanoz II 546 safar faSa 85, 105
romanoz III argariasi 453-457, safaras Svili merabi 262
459, 464-465, 473, 500, 549 sayvareliZe arsen 292
rostevaniSvili estate 269 saZagliSvili giorgi 490,
rostevaniSvili firala 269 492
rostevaniSvili fridona 269 sevastiusi mixiTari 513
rostomaSvili stefana 331 selim I 65
rostom gabrielis Ze 254 serafine malTeli 429
rostom mefe 96-97, 99-109, 172- serafino filenjieri 416
173, 182, 185, 186, 196, 202, serafino da melikola 421
209, 215, 218, 229, 233-234, sefi xani 133-134
266, 286, 308, 320, 322, 340- simendasSvili samnia 315
342, 354, 369, 377, 379, 380, svimoni 116, 183, 555
384, 386, 896, 399-400, 416, svimon I 67-70, 72-73, 75, 79-80,
419, 518-519 83-85, 87, 89-90, 92, 97, 193,
rostom I imerTa mefe 462, 214, 265, 316, 348, 398, 399,
470, 479, 553 462, 464, 468-472, 479, 485,
rotie 188, 404, 440 487, 507, 519, 536, 553
rui gonsales de klavixo 9 svimon II 451
rusudani, vaxtang VI-is simon xani 94-95
meuRle, dedofali 116-118, smedaSvili ivane 267
237, 464 solomon msajuli 544
rusudan dedofali (giorgi solomon
II is meuRle) 479 solomon I 17, 148-149, 152-153,
155-156, 159
s solomon II 154, 159, 162167
saba 555 soloRaSvili iese 292
saakaZe beJan 109, 111 sorso giorgi VII 9
saakaZe giorgi 92, 94, 97, 100, sofron episkoposi 540
259 sofron mitropoliti 553,
saakaZe zurab 108, 234 566
saakaZe rostom 216 stalini i.b. 180, 185, 195
saakaSvili manuCara 267 stefane amelieli 424
saakovi ioseb 439, 440 stefano 411
sakaSvili erekle 205 stefanozi 28, 466
616
straboni 11, 25, 556, 567 uzun hasani 17, 55, 5760, 62,
sulxan saba orbeliani 118- 171,
119, 271 urban VIII 408, 411, 424, 429
sulxaniSvili barxudara 269 urhaeli maTe 35, 39
sumbat daviTis Ze 453 urhaeci maTeos 170, 256, 313
sumbat mefe 34 usuf faSa 134, 140
sumbat I 36
sumbat II 36 f
suxotini 152 favleniSvili kacia 159
sumbaZe l. 195, 229 favleniSvili ninia 283
sfiridoni, mRvdeli 543 faTali xani 138
falavandiSvili elizbari
t 296
taTevaci grigol 171 falavandiSvili erasti 123
tatiani TaqTaq 376 falavandiSvili papuna 425
tatoanT oTara 322 faremuzi iakobi 439-440
telemaxosi 528 farnaozi 167
ter-akofa 333 farsadan 126, 203
ter-aruTani 403 farsadan babunis Ze 254
ter-asaturaSvili araqela farsadan begi 426
324 farsadan beJanis Ze 254
ter-barseRa 403 farsadan zaalis Ze 254
ter-griqora 403 farsadani meliqi 282
terminasa xucesi 269 faruhan beglarbegi 103
terdaviTaSvili karapeta 269 ferhad faSa 76, 78-80, 82, 218
ter-movseniani m. 35 fizdurasSvili oboli 268
ter-mosesaSvili zurabi 331- filimon dekanozi 485
332 filipe episkoposi 429
ter-saaka 401-403 filipe makedoneli 556, 567
ter-stefane 317 filipe foraneli 440
tertera 92 filipe patri 442
ter-yazara 317, 401, 403 focxveraSvili qitua 267
tiuCevi 151 focxveraSvili RTisa 267
tlaSaZe iese 122, 189 franCesko antonio 438
totlebeni 149-152 franCesko d’aprile 411
tuCkovi 167 franCesko maria torineli
tyeSelaSvili gogia 260 421
franCesko majo 420
u franCeske padueli 437
uvarova p. 385, 467, 469, 484 franCiske, gakaTolikebuli
umekasSvili 495, 500-501 goreli 409
617
franCiske montekatineli 424 y
franCiske piemonteli 424 yazan yaeni 49
fra feride maria da selino 428 yaraxani 72-73
fsevdo-Sapuhi 34-37, 177, 212 yasuma begi 142
fuTuriZe giorgi 129, 184 yauxCiSvili simon 30
furcelaZe d. 484 yaflaniSvili zaal 333
yaWia Semaza 267
q yvaryvare 9
qavTaraZe rostomi 376 yvaryvare II 55-56, 60, 64
qaTib Celebi 78 yvaryvare III 64-65
qaixosro 106, 112, 114, 116 yvaryvare IV 74
qaixosro manuCaris Ze 254 yorxmazaSvili gabriela 269
qalbali xani 160 yoja xani 138
qamalaSvili amirani 308 yularaRasi giorgi 179, 383
qamalaSvili mirian 193, 317
qamalaSvili fasina 308 S
qacxaSvili gabriela 268-269 SaburisZe vamiy 230
qacxaSvili ivane 268 SanSe erisTavi 49, 134, 135
qeTevan dedofali 94, 405-407 SaorSaZe m. 392
qerim xani 138 Saraf ad-din 53, 134, 213
qerubime patri 442 Sardeni Jan 16, 172, 173, 190-
qeRaTu 46 191, 194, 217, 327
qeSiS minasi nasyidas Ze 254 SatberaSvili papuna 357
qiria jemali 26 Sah-abasi 211, 214, 405, 548
qisaSvili beri 390 Sah abas I 85, 87, 92, 94, 95, 97
qisaSvili xosia 390 Sah Tamazi 66-68
qitesa 157 Sah Tamaz II 120, 123
qiqilasSvili gogina 268 Sahnavazi, vaxtang V 260, 308,
qobulaSvili xvabulovi 149 313, 362, 468, 470
qristefore mTavarepiskopo- Sah sefi 97, 209, 215
si 501 Sah suleimani 482
qristefore, mRvdeli 559 Sengelia n. 130, 253
qristefore urbneli 508 oqrua, SioSas Svili 267
qudirjiaSvili giorgi 272 SixinaSvili sulxana 268-269
quTaTeli maqsime 149 SoSiaSvili berua 267
SoSiaSvili giorgi 267
R
RalaZe amilbari 263 C
RambaranT beria 330 CagviaSvili ivane 270
RambaraSvili amirana 269 ibrahimi CavuSi 81
RambaraSvili grigol 494, 509 Cartoriski 438
618
CarCiSvili goderZa 269 wereTeli samsoni 521
Celebi zade 120 wm. giorgi 229, 233, 235-238,
CerqeziSvili nikolaoz 539 242-244, 246, 429, 477, 483
CerqeziSvili qaixosro 134 wm. dimitri 477, 483
CeaturaSvili baRdasara 261 wm. petre 415, 444
ColoyaSvili givi 134 wm. silibistro 429
ColoyaSvili nikifore 419
ColoyaSvili nikoloz W
(nikifore irbaxi) 413, 418 Warua 270
CloyaSvili qaixosro 258, WiWinaZe z. 146, 259, 324, 327,
263 473
Cubina nikos Ze 254 WonaSvili aruTina 504
Cubinovi daviTi 532 WonaSvili zalua 504
CxeiZe nikoloz 389 WukasSvili mamula 315
CxeiZe sexnia 127, 196, 222 WuWunaSvili vaxtang 234
c x
cagareiSvili e. 35-36 xanfervani anna 555
calqalamaniZe giorgi 262 xarazi glaxa 267
calqalamaniZe daviTi 262 xerxeuliZe oman 140, 161, 178
calqalamaniZe nikoloz 262 xeCaturaSvili baRdasara 258
ciceroni 556, 567 xiTaraSvili bairama 269
ciciSvili kirile 392, 540 xiTariSvili gogia 331
ciciSvili nodar 105-106, 315 xiTariSvili daniela 268
ciciSvili pavle (cicianovi) xiTariSvili zaza 202
437-439 xiTariSvili zurab 294, 361
ciciSvili farsadan 86, 101, xiTariSvili papua 268
289, 355 xiTariSvili feSang 109
ciciSvili qaixosro 115 xiTariSvili ter-rastakisa
ciciSvili cici 111 331, 403
xosro mirza 98
w xosruaSvili giorgi 315
waturaSvili osia 309 xudadaSvili baRdasara 269
waturaSvili papijana 269 xojabegaSvili daTuna 269
waturaSvili rostoma 270 xojabegaSvili zuraba 269
wereTeli aleqsandre 521, xojabegaSvili nazara 269
525 xoja-begT daTuna 322
wereTeli grigol 513, 517, xojaSvili xudada 185, 261,
521-528 265
wereTeli dimitri 521 xuciSvili oqrua 267
wereTeli zurabi 512, 521, 525 xuciSvili sahamara 322
619
j juzepe judiCe milaneli 413-
javaxi elia 273 414, 418-419
javaxi Saluta 268, 273 julabaSvili avTandila 269
javaxiSvili gabrieli 55, 339 julabaSvili baRdasara 331
javaxiSvili gamrekel 340 julabaSvili goderZa 269,
javaxiSvili zaza 55 318
javaxiSvili zaqaria 55 julabaSvili daviT 199-200,
javaxiSvili ivane 33, 64, 98, 297, 320
249, 250 julabaSvili Tamaza 269
javaxiSvili kaxa 55 julabaSvili papuna 199-200,
javaxiSvili marix 315 285, 294, 297, 318-320, 332
javaxiSvili SanSe 330 julfeli simeon 513
jakomo patri 216 juma namazi 219-220
janaSvili m. 229, 469, 484 justino livornoeli 421, 424
janaSia simoni 23 justo prato 99, 100, 102, 105,
jandieri g. 389 413, 416
jaoSvili v. 251 juRaSvili b. 400
jardina patri 420
kasaliki 457 h
jafer faSa 85, 90 hazir kusurvelis Ze 254
jaSinas Svili beJan 322 hairapeta 261
jaSinaSvili rostoma 269, hairosefaSvili bazaza 324
322, 330 hameri i. 122-123
jayeli manuCari 89 hasan efendi 82
jayeli sargis 43 hasan rumlu 65, 68
jebeji baSi 221 hasan faSa 78, 81
jehan Sahi 55 haji-Calabi 144
jakomo di stefano 411, 412, 417 heidar faSa 76, 82
jovani 419 herakle 29-30
josafat barbaro 171 herodote 526, 556
juanSeri 28-30 hohanesi 171
judiCe patri 420 husein begi 71
geografiul saxelTa saZiebeli

a
adigeni 442 azerbaijani 13, 70, 160
avlabari 132, 306 azia 547
avstria 79, 432 alazani 158
avRaneTi 482 alagiri 19
avWala 137, 145 alamuTis cixe 88
620
alepo 105 b
ali 16-17, 173,, 258, 273 bagineTi 23
amerika 13 bebnisi 135
amierkavkasia 313 beloTi 382
ananuri 143, 145, 223 berbuki 127, 182, 500-501
anatolia 459 berSueTi 382
anisi 39-40, 170, 256, 313 bizantia 29, 452, 456
antioqia 454, 553, 566 birTvisis cixe 94
aragvi 52, 107, 139, 141, 160, bijnisi 125
223, 233 bolnisi 286, 504
aradeTi 16, 95 borjomi 43, 375, 377
arbo 382 borjomis xeoba 42, 128
ardaSeni 124 britaneTi (bretania) 556, 567
arzrumi 14, 71-74, 79 bureTi 316
armazi 14, 23
armazcixe 211 g
armenia 52 galia (Ralia) 556
artani 156 ganja 68, 80, 127-128, 133, 148,
artanuji 14 317
arRuni 42-43 gardateni 67, 315
arcevi 105 garejvari 201, 459, 495, 500,
asiria 547, 564 550, 551, 565
aspinZa 126, 150, 377 genua 13
astraxani 317-319, 401 germania (Rermana) 556, 567
ateni 17, 106, 145, 193, 302, 394, 495 gveleTi 297, 320
atenis cixe 67, 106 gilani 49, 318-319
atenis xeoba 16, 18, 67, 123, golgoTa 481
156, 510, 553, 566 gombori 12
afxazeTi 23, 34, 116, 546 gori 6, 7, 8, 9...
aCabeTi 139 gorisa 248
awyuri 16, 151, 377 goris cixe 21, 26-28, 74, 76-77,
aWara 14 79, 81-83, 86, 89, 100, 102, 112-
axalgori 40, 106-107, 145, 375 113, 121-122, 125, 127, 132, 143,
axaldaba 16, 43, 85, 146, 182, 144, 150, 161, 163, 167, 184,
315, 377, 511 201, 208, 210, 212-234, 302,
axalqalaqi 74, 126 387, 465, 507, 536
axalcixe 14, 16, 110, 128, 133- gorijvari 88-89, 170, 235-238,
135, 140, 150-151, 153-154, 156, 164, 247, 248
158, 217, 234, 258, 375, 377, guria 103, 116, 209, 420
432, 434 gurjistani 173
621
d T
dampala 183 Tavrizi 87, 318-321, 368
dariali 12, 149, 152 TamaraSeni 158
darubandi 45, 318 Tbilisi 10-11, 13, 16-19, 58-59,
dvakeTi 14-15, 20, 92 68, 70, 72, 79, 81, 115, 119-120,
didi liaxvi 382 123, 127-128, 130, 131, 133, 135,
dirbi 135, 144, 307, 382 143, 151, 158, 162, 167, 173,
dmanisi 45, 76, 78, 84, 214 178, 182, 200, 203, 206, 214,
doesi 92 217, 221, 232, 255, 259, 261,
dominika 419 265, 279, 287, 313, 330, 371,
donis monasteri 391 391, 393, 409-410, 419, 421-423,
duSeTi 14, 18, 120, 135, 150, 167 425, 483, 486, 499, 510, 552,
553, 555, 566, 567
e Tedowminda 18, 122, 140, 178,
egvipte 20-21, 547, 564 206,
egrisi 36 TurqeTi 18-19, 181, 184,
erevani 17, 128, 133 Tevdowminda 511, 537
eCmiaZinis eklesia 267 Telavi 158, 167, 371, 465
v TeZmis xeoba 313
TianeTi 57
vanaTi 382
Tmogvi 377
vani 79
TrialeTi 16-17, 125, 128, 314, 377
vardisubani 185
variani 18, 96
i
varZia 377
iaroslavi 510, 554
vatikani 404
iberia 21, 25, 210,
venecia 13, 16, 61, 78, 347, 553
ierusalimi 91, 95, 454, 482,
veres mTa 316
553, 566
veres cixe 67
iveria 466
vilaeTi 76
ikonia 547, 564
vsesviatkoe 506
ikorTa 104, 126, 134
z ikorTis eklesia 267
imereTi 10, 18-19, 45, 80, 83, 89,
zagemi 10
92, 95, 98, 102, 106, 109-110,
zedavela 122, 123, 159
114, 119, 121, 141, 148-149, 154,
zedavelas mTa 289, 316
156, 158, 159, 163, 167, 181,
zemo rexa 495
184, 196, 234, 258, 273, 314,
zemo qarTli 375, 377
373, 395, 416, 420, 422, 468-
zerti 262
469, 471, 479-480, 512, 514,
znauri 375, 381
521, 548
zovreTi 106
indoeTi 299, 314, 317
zugdidi 528
622
irani 63-64, 66, 75, 77, 96-97, lidia 547, 564
100, 102, 115, 118, 127, 128, liva 131-132
135, 138, 141, 159-161, 216, 217, lixis mTa 44
237, 313, 314, 412, 426 lore 17, 73, 78, 128, 133, 167, 214
isani 552 lukaonia 547, 564
isnis sasaxle 486, 499
ispahani 17, 97-98, 108, 117, 134, m
318, 408, 410, 412 mamisoni 19
italia 12-13, 102, 105, 416-417, marabda 94
420, 552, 566 martyofi 57
marjaniSvilis quCa 194
k maSaTi 318
kavTisxevi 145 mesxeTi 316
kavkasia 314, 318, 426 metexi 107-108, 143,
karaleTi 122, 146, 370, 403 meShedi 319
kaspi 11-12, 27, 375 mejvrisxevi 90, 126, 151, 302,
kastelis quCa 194 382
kafa 419 mejuda 8, 18, 29, 33, 36, 180,
kaxeTi 10, 12, 28, 44, 57, 65, 68, 181, 225, 226, 409, 599, 550-
74, 104, 106, 108, 124-125, 128, 551, 565
134, 139, 140-141, 147-148, 153-154, mTawminda 267
156, 168, 306, 314, 373, 427 mozdoki 317
kvaisi 313 moskovi 209, 391, 507, 510, 531
kvernaqi 537 moxisi 16, 66
kimkimauri 495 mtkvari 8, 30, 36, 86, 92, 170,
kldekari 313 206, 207, 214, 235, 408, 459,
kldis ubani 183 499, 550-551, 565
kolbouri 16 muxaTgverdi 69
konstantinopoli 40, 316, 420, muxrani 14, 18, 48, 52, 74, 104-
432, 452-455, 457, 460, 539, 105, 107-108, 110, 127, 151, 160,
546, 564 181, 184, 223, 231, 377, 382,
koxta 148 403
kuernaqi 170, 186 mcxeTa 11, 14, 21, 25, 29-30, 66,
117, 137, 145, 160, 183, 212, 395
l
lamisyana 160 n
lexura 27 nawalkotari 185
liaxvi 8, 18-19, 27, 29, 30, 33, nawreti 160
36, 86, 122, 140, 154, 158, 170, naWarmagevi 14, 41, 459, 599,
180, 185, 202, 207, 225, 227, 550, 565
229, 409, 499, 551 naxCevani 160, 163, 410
623
o ruisis eklesia 299
odiSi 418, 480 ruseTi 6, 17, 94, 109, 120, 146,
ozurgeTi 259 149, 153, 154, 157, 160, 162,
oni 313, 433 196, 302, 314, 318, 431, 437,
oseTi 15, 19, 115, 505, 552, 554, 566
osiauri 44
osmaleTi 13, 37, 63, 64, 66, 72, s
75, 80, 83, 84, 90, 94, 109-110, sabaraTasSvilo 305, 377
119, 121, 125, 128, 148, 149, saberZneTi 548, 552, 553, 565,
157, 251, 314, 318, 326 566
ofSkviTi 470 saguramo 57
oqona 447, 459, 460, 463, 466, sazano 16
474, 475, 499 saTarxno 306
oqonis eklesia 316, 390, 397, samaCablo 382
466, 473, 484, 486, 492-495, samegrelo 116, 216, 418, 420,
498, 500, 507-508, 510, 514, 426, 525
535, 553, 555, 566-567 samTavisi 160
oRozi 258, 273 samTavro 392, 393
samcxe 9, 16, 52, 55, 64, 75, 89,
p 107, 125, 133, 314, 480, 481
parTia 21 samcxe-javaxeTi 149
patara garejvari 501 samwevrisi 16, 186
patara liaxvi 382 samxreT anatolia 547, 564
peterburgi 161 saniaJori 289
piza 13 sarafani 317
propaganda fide 430, 445 sarda 211
sarkine 11
J safrangeTi 119, 432, 478
Jinvani 45, 160, 230, safurcle 411
saqarTvelo 6, 8, 9, 10...
r saciciano 106, 126, 231, 377,
ramaTi 126, 184 510, 553, 566,
raWa 60 sacxenisi 382
reSTi 318, 319 sajavaxiano 510, 553, 566
rexa 32-33, 273, 495, 500, 501 sveneTi 273
rinje 182 sveticxoveli 265, 316, 367,
romi 21, 101, 414, 416, 421-422, 377
424, 433, 436, 437, 444, 539 siria 78
rosTomi 185 siRnaRi 158, 162, 167, 255, 371
ruisi 16, 122, 140, 170, 274, 495, skanda 10, 12, 16
500, 501, 504, 511, 537 skra 16, 146, 330, 425
624
skris mTa 316 f
somxeTi 13, 39, 57, 107, 211, 286, fazisi 12
377, 566, 553, 465, 510 farsadanis dasaxleba 186
somxiT sabaraTiano 314, 373 farcxisi 90
sorsania 9 ferara 538-540
soxumi 14 finikia 547
sparseTi 11-12, 70, 88, 98-99, florencia 538-540, 552-553,
209, 211, 216, 326, 412, 548 566
stamboli 85, 90-91, 318, 547, foTi 14, 153, 535
564 fonTxela 160
stefanwminda 320 frones xeoba 460
suluxi 183 fSani 202, 207
surami 12, 14, 16, 43, 65, 103, fca 44
139, 140, 150, 151, 153, 155, fxvenisi 125
165, 167, 173, 233, 377
suramis uReltexili 313 q
sxvilo 138, 141, 377 qaTamauri 495
qareli 16, 375, 382, 383, 416,
t 420, 422, 428
tanas xeoba 16 qarTli 12, 46-49, 64, 68-69, 83,
taSiskari 16,43 89, 104, 109, 114, 120, 124, 129,
tbeTi 125 133, 136, 138, 141, 147-148, 150,
tibi 19, 94 156, 167-168, 195, 223, 251, 305,
tinisxidi 16, 144, 206, 315, 425 314, 347, 373, 395, 402
trapizoni 442 qarTl-kaxeTi 6, 437
tonTio 29, 30, 468, 487, 500, qvaTaxevis monasteri 267
552, 565 qvemo qarTli 377
tunluzalo 46 qviSxeTi 99, 126
tfilisi 42, 57 qiziyi 163
qordi 125, 382
u qrcxinvali 142, 144,
ude 442 qsani 49, 51, 74, 103, 106-107, 135,
urartu 212 139, 143, 145, 159, 174, 198, 223,
urbnisi 16, 27, 140, 504 quTaisi 10, 14, 16, 55-56, 151, 209,
uriuli 289 259, 422-423, 442, 459, 535
uricxi 315
ufliscixe 18, 27, 28, 35-37, 39, R
154, 199, 212, RarTiskari 286
ujarma 29 RvTismSoblis eklesia 566,
567
Rulevi 135
625
y w
yabardo 19 walka 34
yazbegi 14 wedisi 67
yaiyuli 305 wilkani 394
yarabaRi 96, 281 wromi 16
yaraRaji 159
yarsi 74, 79 W
yelqceuli 135 Wadisjvari 145
yizlari 297, 317, 318, 320 Wala 160, 202, 342
yovladwmindas dasaxleba Warbelaqani 149
186
x
S xandaki 145, 230
SavSvebi 160 xaragauli 375
Semaxa 318, 320 xaSuri 375
Sida qarTli 12, 19, 42, 132, xelTubani 153, 432
137, 151, 163, 164, 195, 217, xerTvisi 377
245, 314, 351 xerki 57
Sindari 44 xvedureTi 135
Sirvani 10, 70, 80, 103, 214, xidisTavi 283, 471, 495, 500,
Sorapani 12, 149 501, 565
Sua liaxvi 550, 565 xrevi 136
xuilisxevi 182
C xunZaxi 145, 147-148
Cildiri 261 xurvaleTi 499
Cxari 16, 156 xcisi 16
c j
cxinvali 117, 120, 149-151, 158, java 375
167, 282, 284, 306, 307, 313, javaxeTi 16-17, 30, 117, 153,
375, 377, 382, 436, 510, 566 155, 156
cxireTi 107 jafa 19
jvris monasteri 316, 481
Z
Zama 50 h
Zegami 10 hieropolisi 461
626

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2018 - ელდარ მამისთვალიშვილი. გორის ისტორია. ნაწ. i.

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eldar mamisTvaliSvili

(meore gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema)

В первой книге монографии история Гори феодальной эпохи описана до

wignze muSaobis dros Tanadgomisa da misi gamocemis dafinan-

saxelTa saZiebeli Seadgines goris saxelmwifo

kompiuteruli momsaxureba: Salva muradaSvili

goris istoriis I-II tomis pirveli gamocemidan didi dro

goris mdebareoba da klimaturi pirobebi

gori mdebareobs Sida qarTlis centralur nawilSi li-

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqar-

gori gvanSuasaukuneebis rukebsa da atlasebze

gvianSuasaukuneebis rukebsa da atlasebze goris aRniSvna,

1 TvaraZe al., saqarTvelo da kavkasia evropul wyaroebSi XII-XVI

1 XV saukunis italiel mogzaurTa cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb /

iberiis sxva cixe-qalaqebis (mcxeTa, sarkine, kaspi) msgav-

1 iqve, gv. 81-82.

1 yauxCiSvili T., strabonis geografia, Tb., 1957, gv. 123.

Автореферат, Тбилиси, 1986, с. 29.

moambe, nakv. II, 1925, gv. 281

goridan midioda gza dvaleTs, romelzec miuTiTebs leonti

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 491.

1 Ramusio G. M., Seconda volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi, v. II, p. 115r-115v.

arqeologia goris Sesaxeb

gorSi safuZvliani arqeologiuri kvleva ar Catarebula,

1 lisimaqes (Zv. w. a. 306-381) saxeliT moWrili oqros moneta, romelic

1 makalaTia s., gorSi aRmoCenili nekripolis daTariRebisaTvis //n.

1 goris cixis nagebobani gadaxuruli yofila mcxeTuri kramitiT.

1 Aaleqsi robaqiZe, cnobili eTnografi.

1 lomTaTiZe g., winaparTa nakvalevi. saqarTvelos arqeologiis nar-

yovelive zemonaTqvamidan gamomdinare, safuZveli gvaqvs vi-

1 iqve. d. gvritiSvils miaCnda, rom X-XI saukuneebSi, ufliscixe

1 T. mesxis ganmartebiT, gorakis saxelwodeba _ `tonTio~ berZnuli-

1 gori, iSviaTad, magram mainc, iwodeboda sxvadasxva saxeliT. XVII s.

1 gvasalia j., liaxvis xeobis istoriuli geografiis sakiTxebi //

1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, I, Tb., 1960, gv. 359.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 256.

1 abdalaZe al., amierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa urTierToba IX--

goris daarsebis legenda

moRweulia legenda goris daarsebaze. legendis mixedviT,

1 abulaZe c., osmalobis xanis sami Turquli firmani // aRmosav-

daviT aRmaSeneblis mier Turq-seljukTa batonobisagan

1 citirebas vaxden leon meliqseT-begis werilidan `goris daarseba~.

1 makalaTia s., liaxvis xeoba, Tb., 1971, gv. 96.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 51.

gori monRolTa batonobis dros

daviT IV-s da Tamar mefis Zlier saqarTvelos dRegrZelo-

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 117.

1 iqve, gv. 240.

mawarmoebeli qarTuli formantia~. gamrekeli v., XIII-XIV ss.

1 kiknaZe r., JamTaaRmwerlis Txzulebis erTi adgilis SevsebisaTvis,

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 296.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 296.

1 TogoSvili g., vaxuSti batoniSvili oseTisa da osebis Sesaxeb, gv.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 256. ix agreTve, TogoSvili, vaxuSti

1 vrclad, TogoSvili g., vaxuSti batoniSvili oseTisa da osebis

iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebi, q. gori, Temur-

1 tabataZe k., qarTveli xalxis brZola ucxoeli dampyroblebis

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 453.

gori XV s. meore naxevarSi

XV saukunis SuaxanebSi dawyebul feodalur Sina-

1 berZeniSvili n., feodaluri urTierTobidan XV saukuneSi.

1 somxur xelnawerTa XIV-XV saukuneebis anderZebis cnobebi

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 342.

1 XV saukunis italielebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 61.