Top 10 National Parks of India for Wildlife

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NATIONAL PARKS BY ranjit

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- India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National

Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.
- What is a National Park
An area, whether within a sanctuary or not, can be notified by the state

government to be constituted as a National Park, by reason of its
ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, or zoological association or
importance, needed to for the purpose of protecting & propagating or
developing wildlife therein or its environment.
No human activity is permitted inside the national park except for the
ones permitted by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state under the
conditions given in CHAPTER IV, WPA 1972
National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas.
What is Wildlife Sanctuary
Any area other than area comprised with any reserve forest or the
territorial waters can be notified by the State Government to constitute as
a sanctuary if such area is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral,
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geomorphological, natural. or zoological significance, for the purpose of

protecting, propagating or developing wildlife or its environment.
Some restricted human activities are allowed inside the Sanctuary area
details of which are given in CHAPTER IV, WPA 1972.
NP
greater degree of protection
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home to all variety of birds, animal species.
UP
DUDHWA NATIONAL PARK
- located on the Indo-Nepal border in the Lakhimpur Kheri District.
- high forest interspersed with grasslands is characteristic of the Terai
ecosystems in India and the area is, probably, the last prominent remnant
of this type of ecosystem. The forests, especially the sal forests, have
always been very dense.
Tiger, Swamp deer, rhino, barking dear .
Dudhwa National Park is a stronghold of the barasingha. Around half of

the world's barasinghas are present in Dudhwa National Park
BIHAR
Valmiki National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the West
Champaran district of Bihar.
- Bihar Government is turning 800 hectares of forest in VTR into Grassland
making it India's biggest grassland.
- ‘Tharu’, a scheduled tribe, is the dominant community in the landscape
- Dhangar comprises four tribes: Oraon, Munda, Lohra and Bhuiya
- tiger, Rhinoceros, Black bear, Leopard, Wild dog, wild buffalo, wild boar
etc.
JHARKHAND
Betla National Park is a national park located in the Chota Nagpur Plateau
of the Palamu district of the Indian state of Jharkhand
vast range of vegetation consisting of sal and bamboo as the major
components along with a number of medicinal plants.
There are grasslands in the flowing area of the Koel river.
famous Kamaldah lake attracts several varieties of water birds including
the common whistling and cotton teal, the comb duck, snipe and geese.
There are currently no tigers.
UK
GANGOTRI NP
- Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India.
- The park provides majestic beauty of coniferous forests and grandeur of
glacial world combined with lush green meadows.
- Gaumukh glacier, the origin of river Ganges is located inside the park.
- spectacular Nelong Valley - a cold desert like area
- snow leopard, black bear, brown bear, musk deer, blue sheep or bharal,
Himalayan tahr, Himalayan monal, Koklass and Himalayan snowcock
Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Sanctuary-

- Snow Leopard Project first started here by the Government of India
- it is one of the remaining strongholds in the Himalayas of the bearded

vulture, a vital ecological catalyst.
- several endangered species such as the golden eagle, the steppe eagle
and the black eagle, the bearded vulture, the Himalayan snowcock, the
Himalayan monal pheasant, the cheer pheasant and the western tragopan.
Jim Corbett National Park

- the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey
National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.
- It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand and was named after Jim
Corbett who played a key role in its establishment.
- The park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative
- Dense moist deciduous forest + grasslands
- park encompasses the Patli Dun valley formed by the Ramganga river.
Nanda Devi National Park
- established in 1982, is a national park situated around the peak of
Nanda Devi
- a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988.
- The latter was expanded and renamed to Nanda Devi and Valley of
Flowers National Parks in 2005.
- Within the National Park lies the Nanda Devi Sanctuary, a glacial
basin surrounded by a ring of peaks between 6,000 metres (19,700
ft) and 7,500 m (24,600 ft) high,
- drained by the Rishi Ganga
- Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve,
in Chamoli district in Garhwal region of the Indian state of
Uttarakhand.
Valley of Flowers National Park

It complements the rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi
National Park to the east. Together, they encompass a unique
transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and
Great Himalaya
River Pushpawati flows through the Valley of Flowers

Rajaji National Park
- an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the
Shivaliks
- elephants and tigers.
- The park is most renowned for its elephants.
- The mountain goat, goral is another noteworthy resident.
- Ganges flows through the National Park for a distance of 24km
HP
- Great Himalayan National Park
- located in Kullu region in the state of Himachal Pradesh.
- UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites
- GHNP is at the junction of world's two major faunal regions: the
oriental to the south and palaearctic to the north.
- The temperate forest flora-fauna of GHNP represents the western
most extension of the Sino-Japanese Region.
- The high altitude ecosystem of the Northwest Himalaya has

common plant elements with the adjacent Western and Central
Asiatic region. As a result of its 4,100 m elevation range the park has
a diversity of zones with their representative flora and fauna, such as
alpine, glacial, temperate, and sub tropical forests.
- These biogeographic elements are result of geological evolution of
Himalaya which continues today from the action of plate tectonics
and continental drift.
Pin Valley National Park

- located within the Lahaul and Spiti district, in the state of Himachal
Pradesh
- located in the desert habitat of the Spiti Valley, within the Cold
Desert Biosphere Reserve, in the Himalayas region
- Steeped in historical and present day Buddhist Tibetan culture, the
area has many Tibetan Buddhist influences, evident architecturally in
monasteries and stupas, and in the daily living of its residents and
lamas.
- Twenty-two rare and endangered medicinal plant species, have
been discovered in and around Pin Valley National Park, which are
distributed over 10 different habitat types.
Khirganga National Park is a national park in Himachal Pradesh, India

established in 2010
Simbalbara National Park
Inderkila national park.
J&k
- Dachigam National Park is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar,
Jammu and Kashmir.
- The name of the park literally stands for "ten villages" which could
be in memory of the ten villages that were relocated for its
formation.
- Most of this coniferous forest consists of broad leaf species.
- Interspersed between these are alpine pastures, meadows,
waterfalls and scrub vegetation with deep gullies, locally known as
Nars, running down the mountain face.
- Most of the grasslands and meadows, except in the harsh winters,
are covered with brightly coloured flowers.
- Located high among its interiors is the Marsar lake from which
flows the Dagwan river, famous for its fish population, the trout.
- main animal species that Dachigam is most famous for is the
hangul, or the Kashmir stag.
- A sheep breeding farm located well within the Park is according to
the experts, a great danger to the survival of the deer species
Hemis National Park-

- high altitude national park in the eastern Ladakh region of the state
of Jammu and Kashmir in India.
- World famous for being the best place to see the snow leopard in
the wild, it is believed to have the highest density of snow leopards
of any protected area in the world.
- It is the only national park in India north of the Himalayas, the

largest notified protected area in India (and thus the largest national
park of India), and is the second largest contiguous protected area
after the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and surrounding protected
areas.
- Hemis National Park is India's only protected area inside the
Palearctic ecozone, outside the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
northeast of Hemis, and the proposed Tso Lhamo Cold Desert
Conservation Area in North Sikkim.
- numerous Tibetan gompas and holy chortens within its boundaries
- park lies within the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe
ecoregion, and contains pine forests, alpine shrublands and
meadows, and alpine tundra
- park is home to a viable breeding population of about 200 snow
leopards.
- The prey base for the apex predator in the Central Asian Highlands
is primarily supported in Hemis by Argali (Great Tibetan Sheep),
Bharal (Blue Sheep), Shapu (Ladakhi Urial), and livestock.
- A small population of the Asiatic Ibex is also present in Hemis.
Hemis is the only refuge in India containing the Shapu.
- park is bounded on the north by the banks of the Indus River, and
includes the catchments of Markha, Sumdah and Rumbak, and
parts of the Zanskar Range
Salim Ali National Park or City Forest National Park was a national
park located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Kishtwar National Park is a national park located in the Kishtwar
district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
The area lies in the Central Crystalline belt of the Great Himalayas.
Rocks are strongly folded in places and composed mainly of granite,
gneiss and schist, with the occasional bed of marble
Haryana
Sultanpur National Park
- located at Sultanpur fifteen kilometres from Gurgaon, Haryana
- This Bird Sanctuary, ideal for birding and bird watchers, is best
visited in winters when a large number of migratory birds come
here.
- In winter Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary provides a picturesque
panorama of migratory birds such as Siberian cranes, greater
flamingo, ruff, black winged stilt, common teal, common
greenshank, northern pintail, yellow wagtail, white wagtail, northern
shoveller, rosy pelican
Kalesar National Park

- protected area in eastern district of Haryana, India.
- It is a popular destination for Leopard and bird-watching. It is home
to the red jungle fowl among other birds. It is a sal forest in Shivalik
Hills,
RJ
Desert National Park, Rajasthan, India, is situated in the west Indian
state of Rajasthan near the town of Jaisalmer. Sand dunes form
around 20% of the Park.
The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert.
Many eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrel and vultures. Short-
toed eagles, tawny eagles, spotted eagles, laggar falcons and kestrels
are the most common among these. Sand grouse are spotted near
small ponds or lakes.
The Desert National Park has a collection of fossils of animals and
plants of 180 million years old. Some fossils of dinosaurs of 6 million
years old have been found in the area.
Indian bustard: The endangered Indian bustard is the major
attraction of Desert National Park. Brown and white in colour, the
bustard is a metre tall and has long bare legs and a long neck. One
can spot this tall and graceful ground-dwelling bird near the Sudashri
waterhole.
Sam Sand Dunes: These dunes are located near the Thar Desert.
Gadsisar Sagar Tank: This tank is among the tourist places in
Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Thousands of migratory birds come to this
place every year.
Keoladeo National Park

- Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur

Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan.
- man-made and man-managed wetland
- mosaic of dry grasslands, woodlands, woodland swamps and
wetlands.
- one of the richest bird areas in the world and is known for nesting
of resident birds and visiting migratory birds including water birds.
- Keoladeo (Shiva)
- Initially, it was a natural depression; and was flooded after the Ajan
Bund was constructed by Maharaja Suraj Mal, then the ruler of the
princely state of Bharatpur, between 1726–1763. The bund was
created at the confluence of two rivers, the Gambhir and Banganga.
- World Heritage Site
- Woodlands with thickets of huge Kadam trees
- popularly known as “bird paradise”
It is also the only regular wintering area in India for the critically
endangered Siberian crane
Mukundra Hills (Darrah) National Park

- Darrah National Park in Rajasthan, India is a national park
established in 2004 consisting of three wildlife sanctuaries in
Rajasthan—Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary,
and Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
- park is situated between two parallel mountains viz. Mukundra and
Gagrola which run across a length of about 80 km (from Murlipura to
Rawatbhata).
- The four rivers which form the boundary of this valley are Ramzan,
Ahu, Kali and Chambal.
Ranthambore National Park

Ranthambore National Park lies at the edge of a plateau and is
bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the
Chambal River. It is named after the historic Ranthambhore fortress,
which lies within the park.
best known for its large tiger population
Park terrain alternates between dry deciduous forests and open
grassy meadow
Padam Talao: This is the largest of the many lakes located in the
park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal can be found at the edge of the
lake. A gigantic banyan tree, considered to be India’s second largest,
is also near the lake.
Sariska Tiger Reserve

a national park and tiger reserve located in the Alwar.
notable feature of this reserve are its Bengal tigers. It is the first
tiger reserve in the world to have successfully relocated tigers
GJ
Blackbuck National Park
at Velavadar is situated in the Bhavnagar District of Gujarat state,

India.
- Hugging the coasts of the Gulf of Khambhat on the south.
- primarily a "vidi" (grassland)
- Flat land, dry grasses and herds of antelope have always attracted
visitors to this park which has a grassland ecosystem. Successful
conservation programs for the blackbuck, wolf and lesser florican (a
bustard) are ongoing.
The Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

sole home of the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) in the wilderness,
and is considered to be one of the most important protected areas in
Asia due to its supported species
Dry deciduous scrub forest and Dry savannah forests (Locally known
as "vidis"). It is the largest dry deciduous forest in western India.
Teak bearing areas are mainly in the eastern portion of the forest,
which constitutes nearly half of the total area.
Cat Women of Gir Forest. The women who do the counting are of
traditional Muslim tribes in neighboring villages. There are over 40
women van raksha sahayaks, who seek only to protect the animals of
the park.
maaldharis, the semi-nomadic tribal herdsmen
Vansda National Park, also known as Bansda National Park,

is a protected area which represents the thick woodlands of the
Dangs and southern Gujarat, the deciduous forest area having groves
of "Katas" bamboo owes its beauty to no felling of trees since 1952.
*Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary also known as the Wild Ass Wildlife
Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch. During monsoon, the
Rann (Gujarati for desert) gets flooded for a period of about one
month and is dotted with about 74 elevated plateaus or islands,
locally called 'bets'
Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kutch
is situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of Kachchh.
There are 42 islands on the Jamnagar coast in the Marine National
Park, most of them surrounded by reefs. The best known island is
Pirotan.
Coral 52 species including 42 species of hard coral and 10 species of
soft coral. Jellyfish, Portuguese man of war and sea anemones.
Dugongs
A surprisingly large scale greater flamingo colony, reaching up to
20,000 nests is known to occur along the gulf.
MP
Bandhavgarh National Park

The density of the tiger population at Bandhavgarh is one of the
highest known in India. The park has a large breeding population of
leopards, and various species of deer. Maharaja Martand Singh of
Rewa captured the first white tiger in this region in 195.
Charger, an animal so named because of his habit of charging at
elephants and tourists (whom he nonetheless did not harm), was the
first healthy male known to be living in Bandhavgarh since the 1990s.
A female known as Sita, who once appeared on the cover of
National Geographic and is considered as the second most
photographed tiger in the world, was also to be found in
Bandhavgarh for many years.
Pench National Park

is in Seoni and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh in India.
It derives its name from the Pench River that flows through the park
from north to south dividing the park into almost equal western and
eastern halves
The area of the present Pench Tiger Reserve has been described in
Ain-i-Akbari, and is the setting of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.
Scattered white kulu trees, also referred to as 'ghost tree', stand
out.
Kanha National Park,
one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of Madhya
Pradesh,
hard ground barasingha is pride of the place

An exciting conservation effort in this national park is the
reintroduction of barasinghA
Members of the Baiga tribe, a semi-nomadic tribe of central India
that is reliant on the forest, lived in 28 villages that had been within
the Kanha National Park until 1968, when they were relocated.
Bengal tiger, Indian leopards, the sloth bear, barasingha and Indian
wild dog. The lush sal and bamboo forests, grassy meadows and
ravines of Kanha provided inspiration to Rudyard Kipling for his
famous novel Jungle Book
Panna National Park

a national park located in Panna and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya
Pradesh
by 2009, the entire tiger population had been eliminated by

poaching with the collusion of forest department officials.
National Park is situated at a point where the continuity of the
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests belt, which starts
from Cape Comorin in South India, is broken and beyond this the
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests of the great Indo-
Gangetic Plain begins.
This area is the northernmost tip of the natural teak forests and the
easternmost tip of the natural 'Kardhai' Anogeissus pendula forests
Ken Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining territorial divisions
form a significant part of the catchment area of the 406 km (252 mi)
Ken River which runs northeast for about 72 km (45 mi) through the
park.[1]
Satpura National Park- MP, TIGER

Sanjay National Park is located in the districts of Sidhi and Singrauli
in the State of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a part of the Sanjay-Dubri
Tiger Reserve, and the park covers 466.7 km2. It is located in the
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests' ecoregion.
All of Sanjay Reserve had been in Madhya Pradesh, before
Chhattisgarh was carved out of it in 2000. A large part of the area
then went to Chhattisgarh, and this forest area, with an area of 1440
km2 was renamed as "Guru Ghasidas National Park," by the
Government of Chhattisgarh
state has a district called 'Koriya', this overall area would have been
the last known territory of the Asiatic cheetah in India.
Madhav National Park is situated in Shivpuri District of Gwalior
region in northwest Madhya Pradesh, India
Van Vihar National Park is a national park in central India. It is located in

Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh.
Although it has the status of a national park, Van Vihar is developed
and managed as a modern zoological park, following the guidelines
of the Central Zoo Authority. The animals are kept in their near
natural habitat. Most of the animals are either orphaned brought
from various parts of the state or those, which are exchanged from
other zoos.
No animal is deliberately captured from the forest.
Van Vihar is unique because it allows easy access to the visitors
through a road passing through the park, security of animals assured
from poachers by building trenches and walls, chain-link fence and
by providing natural habitat to the animals.
Mandla Plant Fossils National Park is situated in Mandla district of

Madhya Pradesh in India
This national park has plants in fossil form that existed in India
anywhere between 40 million and 150 million years ago
CG
Indravati National Park
- It derives its name from the nearby Indravati River.

- It is home to one of the last populations of rare wild buffalo.
- hill mynas.
Kanger Ghati National Park

one of the most beautiful and densest national parks, well known for
its biodiversity with picturesque landscape, magnificent waterfalls,
very famous subterranean geomorphologic limestone caves, and
home for the Bastar hill myna, the state bird of Chhattisgarh
Kanger river
ORISSA
Bhitarkanika National Park

surrounded by the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. Gahirmatha Beach and
Marine Sanctuary lies to the east, and separates swamp region cover with
canopy of mangroves from the Bay of Bengal
The park is home to Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), White
Crocodile, Indian python, King Cobra, black ibis, darters and many other
species of flora and fauna.
Olive ridley sea-turtles nest on Gahirmatha and other nearby beaches.
Bhitarkanika has one of the largest populations of endangered saltwater

crocodile in India and is globally unique in that 10 percent of the adults
exceed 6 m length
Simlipal National Park -This reserve is part of the UNESCO World Network
of Biosphere Reserves.
Simlipal elephant reserve originated mainly as a hunting ground for the
royalty. It was formally designated a tiger reserve in 1956 and under
Project Tiger in May 1973. “Mugger Crocodile Scheme” was started in
1979 . high cerebral malaria-prone zone
AP
Sri Venkateshwara National Park
- Seshachalam Hills and Tirumala hills
mix of dry deciduous and moist deciduous
- globally threatened yellow-throated bulbul is seen here. grey-
fronted green pigeon, a bird of the Himalayas and the Western
Ghats is quite common in these forests. The critically endangered
Oriental white-backed vulture is found in the national park.
Papikonda National Park.
GOA
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park
Dudhsagar Falls
TELANGANA
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park is a national park located in

Jubilee Hills in Hyderabad, Telangana.
It is located centrally in Jubilee Hills and is described as a jungle amidst the
concrete jungle. It has peacocks and other animals.
Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is a deer national park located in
Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad.
Mrugavani National Park is a national park located in Hyderabad,
Telangana State
MAHARASHTRA
Tadoba Andhari NP.

"Tadoba" is the name of the God "Tadoba" or "Taru", praised by the
tribal people who live in the dense forests of the Tadoba and Andhari
region, while the Andhari river that meanders through the forest.
Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), formerly Borivali National

Park, is a large protected area in the northern part of Mumbai city
The Kanheri Caves in the centre of the park were an important
Buddhist learning centre and pilgrimage site sculpted by Buddhist
monks between the 9th and the 1st centuries BCE.[9] They were
chiselled out of a massive basaltic rock outcropping.
karvi shrub, as it is locally called in the Marathi language, sometimes
also spelled as karvy in English, only blooms once in eight years in a
mass flowering covering the forest floor in a lavender blush.
Navegaon National Park is a national park located in the Gondia

district of Maharashtra, India. Navegaon, a popular forest resort in
the Vidarbha region.
The Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home to almost 60% of
the bird species found in entire Maharashtra. Every winter, flocks of
beautiful migratory birds visit the lake—a rare treat for the eyes.
Gugamal National Park
Gilbert Hill NP
is a 200 ft (61 m) monolith column of black basalt rock at Andheri, in
Mumbai, India. The rock has a sheer vertical face and was formed
when molten lava was squeezed out of the Earth's clefts during the
Mesozoic Era.
Chandoli National Park
KL
Anamudi Shola National Park
Mathikettan Shola National Park- name Mathikettan derives from

the Tamil word literally meaning 'mind confuser', as the local people
say that one forgets the path once he enters into the park.
Pampadum Shola National Park - keystone species here is the highly

elusive and endangered, endemic small carnivore - the Nilgiri
marten.
Eravikulam National Park- UNESCO World Heritage Site. Anamudi,

2,695 meters, the highest peak in India south of the Himalayas is
inside this park.
Periyar National Park - It is located high in the Cardamom Hills and

Pandalam Hills of the south Western Ghats along the border with
Tamil Nadu.
- sanctuary surrounds Periyar Lake, a reservoir measuring 26 km2 (10
sq mi) which was formed when the Mullaperiyar Dam was erected
Silent Valley National Park –
Nilgiri Hills
This park is one of the last undisturbed tracts of South Western
Ghats mountain rain forests and tropical moist evergreen forest in
India.
Contiguous with the proposed Karimpuzha National Park to the
north and Mukurthi National ParK to the north-east, it is the core of
the Nilgiri International Biosphere Reserve, and is part of The Nilgiri
Sub-Cluster, Western Ghats World Heritage Site, recognised by
UNESCO in 2007.
- Save Silent Valley movement.
- perceived absence of noisy cicadas.
- Silent Valley is home to the largest population of lion-tailed
macaques, an endangered species of primate.
KARNATAKA
Anshi NP –
river Kali is the lifeline of the people of Uttara Kannada district and
integrates Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS) spread across 400 km2
and Anshi National Park (ANP) spread across 500 km2. The river cuts
across the whole park and the renaming has given the area a single
identity.
Bandipur National Park –

Together with the adjoining Nagarhole National Park, Mudumalai
National Park and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, it is part of the Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve totaling making it the largest protected area in
southern India and largest habitate of wild elephants in south Asia.
The park is flanked by the Kabini river in the north and the Moyar
river in the south.
Kuduremukha NP - 'horse-face‘
Three important rivers, the Tunga, the Bhadra and the Nethravathi
are said to have their origin here.
Bannerghatta National Park-

It is a popular tourist destination with a zoo, a pet corner, an animal
rescue centre, a butterfly enclosure, an aquarium, a snake house and
a safari park.
Bannerghatta is the first biological park in India to have a fenced
forested elephant sanctuary where elephants can roam around
freely without chains.
Nagarhole National Park

It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
Together with the adjoining Bandipur National Park, Mudumalai
National Park and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, it forms the largest
protected area in Southern India.
TN
Guindy National Park is located in Chennai.
The park has a role in both ex-situ and in-situ conservation.
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India

consisting of 21 small islands (islets) and adjacent coral reefs in the
Gulf of Mannar in the Indian Ocean.
Dugong, a vulnerable marine mammal is the flagship mammal of the
park.
Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (IGWLS&NP) is a

protected area located in the Anaimalai Hills
Mudumalai National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

- also a declared tiger reserve, lies on the northwestern side of the
Nilgiri Hills.
- home to several endangered and vulnerable species including
Indian elephant, Bengal tiger, gaur and Indian leopard including
critically endangered Indian white-rumped vulture and long-billed
vulture.
Mukurthi National Park (MNP) - located in the western corner of the

Nilgiris Plateau.
he park is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
Palani hills NP?
SIKKIM
Khangchendzonga National Park
- also Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve is a National Park and a
Biosphere reserve located in Sikkim, India.
- inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage - becoming the first
"Mixed Heritage" site of India. The park gets its name from the
mountain Kanchenjunga which is 8,586 metres tall, the third-highest
peak in the world.
- Zemu glacier.
- Tholung Monastery, a gompa located in the park's buffer zone.
- temperate broadleaf and mixed forests consisting of oaks, fir,
birch, maple, willow etc. The vegetation of the park also includes
alpine grasses and shrubs at higher altitudes along with many
medicinal plants and herbs.
- musk deer, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, wild dog, sloth bear, civet,
Himalayan black bear, red panda, Tibetan wild ass, Himalayan blue sheep,
serow, goral and takin
WEST BENGAL
Jaldapara National Park -The forest is mainly savannah covered with
tall elephant grasses. The main attraction of the park is the Indian
one-horned rhinoceros. The park holds the largest rhino population
in India after Kaziranga National Park in Assam.
It is one of the very few places in India, where the Bengal florican is
sighted.
Gorumara National Park:

Located in the Dooars region of the Himalayan foothills
park falls in the Indomalaya ecozone. Inside the park, the primary
biomes corresponding to the ecozone are:
-Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands of the tropical and subtropical
grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome
- Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests of the tropical and
subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome
Both of these are typical of the Bhutan - Nepal - India Terai
submontane region.
Neora Valley National Park- The forest in Neora Valley has such
luxurious growth that even sunlight finds it difficult to touch the
ground.
Singalila National Park - Project Red Panda (funded by the Central

Zoo Authority) chose Singalila National Park for reintroduction of red
pandas from its captive breeding program
Buxa National Park
Sundarban National Park-

National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve in West
Bengal, India.
It is a UNESCO world heritage site inscripted in 1987.
It is considered as a World Network of Biosphere Reserve (Man and
Biosphere Reserve).
Cyclone Aila struck Sunderban on 25 May 2009, causing damage to
field camps and fringe villages bordering the reserve.
ARUNA
Namdapha National Park is the largest protected area in the Eastern
Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal Pradesh in
Northeast India. It is also the third largest national park in India in
terms of area.
Park harbours the northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in
the world at 27°N latitude.
The area is also known for extensive Dipterocarp forests, comprising
the northwestern parts of the ecoregion of Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin
rain forests.
- The park is located between the Dapha bum range of the Mishmi
Hills and the Patkai range
- area falls under both the Palearctic and Indo Malayan

biogeographic areas resulting in a diverse species assemblage
- habitat changes with increasing altitude from tropical moist forests
to Montane forests, temperate forests and at the higher elevations,
to Alpine meadows and perennial snow. The park has extensive
bamboo forests and secondary forests in addition to the primary
forests.
- Four big cat species occur in the park: snow leopard, clouded
leopard, Indian leopard and Bengal tiger. Namdapha and Pakke Tiger
Reserve are in a region, which is the eastern limit of the Bengal
tiger's and thenorth-western limit of the Indochinese tiger's range.
Mouling National Park

The park is named after the nearby Mouling peak. Mouling is an Adi
word which means red poison or red blood, which is believed to be
red latex from a tree species found locally.
Dipterocarpaceae are a family of 16 genera and approximately 695 known

species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from
the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-
winged fruit.
ASSAM
Dibru-Saikhowa NP
It is also a biosphere reserve. The park bounded is by the

Brahmaputra and Lohit rivers in the north and Dibru river in the
south.
Originally created to help conserve the habitat of the rare white-
winged wood duck, the park is also home to other rare creatures
such as water buffalo, black-breasted parrotbill, tiger and capped
langur.
Nameri National Park

*semi-evergreen, moist deciduous forests with cane and bamboo brakes
and narrow strips of open grassland
Manas National Park

- a national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project
Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve in Assam,
India.
Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is contiguous with the Royal
Manas National Park in Bhutan.
The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such
as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy
hog. hoolock gibbons, Indian rhinoceros (re-introduced in 2007 after
extinction due to heavy poaching during the Bodo uprising), bengal
florican
Manas is famous for its population of the wild water buffalo.
Manas river is a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, which passes
through the heart of the national park.
main vegetation types are:
Sub-Himalayan Light Alluvial Semi-Evergreen forests in the northern parts.

East Himalayan mixed Moist and Dry Deciduous forests (the most
common type).
Low Alluvial Savanna Woodland, and
Assam Valley Semi-Evergreen Alluvial Grasslands which cover almost
50% of the park.
Kaziranga National Park – WIFE OF CURZON

The sanctuary, which hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-
horned rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.
Kaziranga is home to the highest density of tigers among protected
areas in the world, and was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006.
The park is home to large breeding populations of elephants, wild
water buffalo, and swamp deer.
Kaziranga is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife
International for conservation of avifaunal species.
riverine flood-formed lakes known as, beels, and elevated regions
known as, chapories,
Four main types of vegetation exist in this park.
These are alluvial inundated grasslands, alluvial savanna woodlands,
tropical moist mixed deciduous forests, and tropical semi-evergreen
forests
MANIPUR
Keibul Lamjao National Park
- the only floating park in the world.
- many floating decomposed plant materials locally called phumdis.
To preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Manipur Eld's deer
or brow-antlered deer (Cervus eldi eldi), or sangai also called the
dancing deer.
Loktak lake
Shirui National Park is a national park located in the state of

Manipur in India. It was established in 1982.
Among the animals that make their homes here include the
tragopan, the tiger and leopard.
It is here that the famous shirui lily (Lilium maclineae) grows
naturally.
MEGHALAYA
Balpakram National Park is a national park,

near the Garo Hills in Meghalaya
It is often referred to as the "abode of perpetual winds" as well as the
"land of spirits."[citation needed] It is the home of the barking deer and
the golden cat.
Balpakram, land of the eternal death, according to Garo myth, has a
very beautiful landscape and one of the best Canyon around the
region.
It is famous for unique land formations with surround the
mythological stories of the Garos.
famous for pitcher plant and many medicinal plants called 'Dik.ke'.
Nokrek National Park

Garo hills
BR
- known for indigenous Citrus species
- Hoolock gibbon, Pig-tailed Macaque, Stump-tailed Macaque,
Binturong, Clouded Leopard, Elephant, leopard, Gaur
- Hoolock gibbon, the only Ape in a primate of reserve is considered as an
endangered species. This is the only ape found in India.
- Tropical moist evergreen forests.
- Tropical semi-evergreen forests.
- Tropical moist deciduous forests.
- sub-tropical broad leave Hill forests.
- Bamboo forests
MIZO
Murlen National Park
- There is an area in the park where not even a single sun’s ray can
penetrate. And for this reason the area has been known as ‘losing
area of seven fellow-men’ or land of no return.
- The tropical, semi-evergreen and sub montane Forests of Murlen.
Phawngpui NP
also known as Blue Mountain is the highest mountain peak in the
Lushai Hills
TRIPURA
Clouded Leopard National Park
Rajbari National Park
NAGALAND
Ntangki National Park - rare hoolock gibbon, golden langur, hornbill,
palm civets, black stork, tiger, white-breasted kingfisher, monitor
lizard, python and sloth bear
A&N
Campbell Bay National Park- located on the island of Great Nicobar.
GalathEA National Park- located on the island of Great Nicobar
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park-- 2 major island groups in

the park: the Labyrinth Islands and the Twin Islands The islands are
situated 16 km (10 mi) south from Port Blair.
Most of the coral reefs in the park are fringing reefs.
Mount Harriet National Park- Andaman wild pigs (an endangered

species), saltwater crocodiles, turtles and robber crabs. The park is
also a butterfly hotspot . notable feature 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away
from the park is Kalapathar, where prisoners used to be pushed
down the ravine to their death
Rani Jhansi Marine National Park

Middle Button Island National Park.
North Button Island National Park
South Button Island National ParK
Saddle Peak National Park
RAMSAR SITES BY ranjit
Ashtamudi Wetland: Kerala

- Palm, octopus, eight corners.
- gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its
houseboat and backwater resorts
- Phoenicians and the Romans. Ibn Batuta
- Velu Thampi is credited with organizing the rebellion against the
British from this place.
- A natural backwater in Kollam district
- River Kallada and Pallichal drain into it
- It forms an estuary with Sea at Neendakara which is a famous
fishing harbour in Kerala
- National Waterway 3 passes through it
- Most tastiest backwater fish in Kerala, the Karimeen of kanjiracode
Kayal is from Ashtamudi Lake
- Munroe Island (Munroethuruth) is a cluster of eight tiny islands in
Ashtamudi Lake.
- extraction and export of titanium and other minerals
Vembanad-Kol Wetland – kerala

- Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake
- Largest wetland system in India.
- Pamba and Periyar drain into it.
- Largest lake of Kerala , longest lake in India
- Famous tourist locations like Alappuzha and Kumarakom, known for
house boats falls here
- River mouths of Pamba-Achenkovil rivers in Vembanad forms one
of the unique wetland topography of Kerala, the Kuttanad
- It is below sea level and is famous for exotic fish varieties and Paddy
fields that are below sea level
Sasthamcotta Lake
The purity of the lake water for drinking use is attributed to the
presence of large population of larva called cavaborus that consumes
bacteria in the lake water
largest fresh water lake in Kerala
River Kallada had a unique replenishing system through a bar of
paddy field which has now disappeared due to indiscriminate sand
and clay mining
Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary- tamilnadu

One of the last remnants of Dry Evergreen Forests- forests of Point
Calimere, also known the Vedaranyam forests, are one of the last
remnants of the dry evergreen
Habitat: Dry Evergreen Forests, Mangrove & Wetlands

Winter Migrants : Spoon Billed Sandpiper, Greater Flamingos
Threats: Agricultural & Shrimp farm runoff =>High concentration of
DDT & HCH in their tissue
Kolleru Lake
Kolleru is located between Krishna and Godavari deltas
Many birds migrate here in winter, such as Siberian crane, ibis, and
painted storks
lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in
Kolleru Lake under Ramsar Convention (allowing local communities
(Here: Vaddi Community) to continue their occupation of culture fish
and caught fish.
NOT RAMSAR SITE BUT FAVOURITE OF UPSC.

*Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish water lake or lagoon in
India, after Chilika LakeThe lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird
Sanctuary.
The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of
Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
Two rivers which feed the lagoon are the Arani river at the southern
tip and the Kalangi River from the northwest, in addition to some
smaller streams. The Buckingham Canal, a navigation channel, is part
of the lagoon on its western side
anonymous mariner who wrote Periplus of the Erythraean Sea listed

Podouke (Pulicat)[6] as one of the three ports on the east coast of
India. In the 2nd century, Ptolomey's list of ports on this coast
included Podouke emporion.
In the 13th century, Arabs migrated to the shores of the lake.
portuguese, dutch.
Bhitarkanika Mangroves - orissa

The core area of the sanctuary was declared Bhitarkanika National
park.
Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, which bounds the
Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary to the east, was created in September
1997, and encompasses Gahirmatha Beach and an adjacent portion of the
Bay of Bengal
Bhitarkanika Mangroves were designated a Ramsar Wetland of
International Importance in 2002
It is also famous for its salt water crocodiles and Olive ridley sea
turtle
Chilika Lake – Orissa
Chilka Lake (Chilika Lake) is a brackish water lagoon, at the mouth of the
Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest lagoon in the
world
In 1981, Chilika Lake was designated the first Indian wetland of

international importance under the Ramsar Convention
In November 2002, the Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award was
presented to the Chilika Development Authority for outstanding
achievements in the field of restoration and wise use of wetlands
and effective participation of local communities in these activities
Nalbana Island is the core area of the Ramsar designated wetlands
of Chilika Lake
Nalbana was notified in 1987 and declared a bird sanctuary in 1973
under the Wildlife Protection Act
The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is the flagship species
of Chilika lake.
A 60 km (37 mi) long barrier beach called Rejhansa.
The width of the old channel to the sea, now reported to be about
100 m (328.1 ft), is known as Magarmukha (Mouth of the Crocodile).
Bottlenose dolphins also.
East Calcutta Wetlands - West Bengal
World-renowned as a model of a multiple use wetlandcomplex of natural

and human-made wetlands lying east of the city of Calcutta
The site’s resource recovery systems, developed by local people through
the ages, have saved the city of Calcutta from the costs of constructing
and maintaining waste water treatment plants
The wetland forms an urban facility for treating the city’s waste water and
utilizing the treated water for pisciculture and agriculture, through the
recovery of nutrients in an efficient manner- the water flows through fish
ponds covering about 4,000 ha, and the ponds act as solar reactors and
complete most of their bio-chemical reactions with the help of solar
energy
Thus the system is described as one of the rare examples of environmental
protection and development management where a complex ecological
process has been adopted by the local farmers for mastering the resource
recovery activities
The wetland provides about 150 tons of fresh vegetables daily, as well as
some 10,500 tons of table fish per year, the latter providing livelihoods for
about 50,000 people directly and as many again indirectly.
Bhoj Wetland - Madhya Pradesh

The Bhoj Wetland consists of two lakes located in the city of Bhopal
The two lakes are the Bhojtal and the Lower Lake, which lie to the
west of the city center
It is a manmade reservoir
A total of more than 20,000 birds are observed annually
The Upper Lake acts as the lifeline of the city supplying 40% of its
potable water
White storks, black-necked storks, bar-headed geese, spoonbills,
etc., that have been rare sightings in the past, have started appearing
A recent phenomenon is the gathering of 100-120 sarus cranes in
the lake
The largest bird of India, the sarus crane (Grus antigone) is known
for its size, majestic flight and lifetime pairing
Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary - Gujarat

A natural freshwater lake (a relict sea) that is the largest natural wetland
in the Thar Desert Biogeographic Province
Represents a dynamic environment with salinity and depth varying
depending on rainfall
The area is home to 210 species of birds, with an average 174,128
individuals recorded there during the winter and 50,000 in the
summer
It is an important stopover site within the Central Asia Flyway, with
globally threatened species such as the critically endangered
Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) and the vulnerable Marbled
Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) stopping over at the site during
migration, while the vulnerable Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) takes
refuge there during summer when other water bodies are dry
The wetland is also a lifeline for a satellite population of the
endangered Indian Wild Ass which uses this area in the dry season
fishing for Catla fish (Catla Catla) and Rohu (Labeo rohita)
Deepor Beel - permanent freshwater lake in a former channel of the

Brahmaputra river.
The beel is a staging site on migratory flyways and some of the
largest concentrations of aquatic birds in Assam can be seen,
especially in winter
Assam
- Some globally threatened birds are supported, including Spotbilled
Pelican (Pelicanus philippensis), Lesser and Greater Adjutant Stork
(Leptoptilos javanicus and dubius), and Baer's Pochard (Aythya
baeri).
Rudrasagar Lake
Tripura
NEER MAHAL.
SEDIMENTAION RESERVOIR
Loktak Lake - Manipur

Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the north-eastern
region of the country
It is famous for the phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil,
and organic matters at various stages of decomposition) floating over
it
Keibul Lamjao, the only floating national park in the world floats over
it
It is located near Moirang, Bishnupur district in Manipur
The etymology of Loktak is Lok = stream and tak = the end

The Keibugl Lamjao National Park, which is the last natural refuge of
the endangered ‘Sangai’ or Manipur brow-antlered deer (‘Cervus eldi
eldi’), one of three subspecies of Eld’s deer, covering an area of 40
km2 (15 sq mi), is situated in the southeastern shores of this lake and
is the largest of all the phumdis in the lake
This place is a global tourist destination
‘Sendra tourist hub’ (a small hillock) is located at Moirang, around 58
km from the heart of the city.
CHANDRA TAL
HP
high altitude lake on the upper Chandra valley flowing to the
Chandra river of the Western Himalayas.
It supports CITES and IUCN Redlisted Snow Leopard and is a refuge
for many species like Snow Cock, Chukor, Black Ring Stilt, Kestrel,
Golden Eagle, Chough, Red Fox, Himalayan Ibex, and Blue Sheep.
Pong Dam Lake - Himachal Pradesh
Maharana pratap sagar.
A water storage reservoir created in 1975 on the Beas River in the
low foothills of the Himalaya on the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic
plain
Low-yield subsistence fishing existed prior to impoundment, but

since, a lucrative fishery has grown up, with 27 fish species and a yield
increasing markedly each year- some 1800 fishermen now have direct
employment and 1000 families benefit indirectly
A nature conservation education centre is found on the island of
Ransar or Ramsar
Recent management strategies have shifted away from law
enforcement and use restrictions towards more participatory
approaches and community awareness, and the site is well suited to
‘community-based ecotourism’
*govind sagar- b n
Renuka Lake - Himachal Pradesh

A natural wetland with freshwater springs and inland subterranean karst
formations, fed by a small stream flowing from the lower Himalayan out
to the Giri river
Prominent vegetation ranges from dry deciduous like Shorea
Robusta, Terminalia tomentosa, Dalbergia sissoo to hydrophytes
Among ungulates Sambhar, Barking deer and Ghorals are also
abundant in the area
The lake has high religious significance and is named after the
mother of Hindu sage Parshuram, and is thus visited by thousands of
pilgrims and tourists
Ropar Wetland - Punjab

man-made freshwater riverine and lacustrine wetland
diversion of water from the Sutlej River for drinking and irrigation
supplies
The site is an important breeding place for the nationally protected
Smooth Indian Otter, Hog Deer, Sambar, and several reptiles, and the
endangered Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is thought to be
present
Harike Wetland - Punjab

A shallow water reservoir with thirteen islands, at the confluence of two
rivers sutlej beas
Dense floating vegetation covers 70% of the lake
An important site for breeding, wintering and staging birds, supporting
over 200,000 Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans, etc.) during migration
The entire lake is leased on an annual basis to commercial fishery

organizations
Kanjli Wetland - Punjab

A permanent stream, the Kali Bein, tributary of the Beas, converted by
construction of a small barrage in 1870 into a water storage area for
irrigation purposes
By this means and by direct abstraction of water for irrigation by the
local population, the site
The stream is considered to be the most significant in the state from
the religious point of view, as it is associated with the first guru of
the Sikhs, Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
Hokera Wetland - Jammu and Kashmir
Located in the northwest Himalayan biogeographic province of

Kashmir, back of the snow-draped Pir Panchal, Hokera wetland is
only 10 km from scenic paradise of Srinagar.
A natural perennial wetland contiguous to the Jhelum basin, it is the
only site with remaining reedbeds of Kashmir and pathway of 68
waterfowl species like Large Egret, Great Crested Grebe, Little
Cormorant, Common Shelduck, Tufted Duck and endangered White-

eyed Pochard, coming from Siberia, China, Central Asia, and
Northern Europe
Surinsar-Mansar Lakes
Jammu and Kashmir
Wular Lake - Jammu and Kashmir

the lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by the
Jhelum River.
The largest freshwater lake in India with extensive marshes of emergent
and floating vegetation, particularly water chestnut
The lake supports an important fishing industry and is a valuable source of
water for irrigation and domestic use
The area is important for wintering, staging and breeding birds
Human activities include rice cultivation and tree farming.
The Tulbul Project is a "navigation lock-cum-control structure" at the
mouth of Wular Lake.
Tsomoriri - Jammu and Kashmir

A freshwater to brackish lake lying at 4,595m above sea level, with wet
meadows and borax-laden wetlands along the shores
The site is said to represent the only breeding ground outside of

China for one of the most endangered cranes, the Black-necked
crane (Grus nigricollis), and the only breeding ground for Bar-headed
geese in India
The Great Tibetan Sheep or Argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) and
Tibetan Wild Ass (Equus kiang) are endemic to the Tibetan plateau.
The barley fields at Korzok have been described as the highest
cultivated land in the world
With no outflow, evaporation in the arid steppe conditions causes
varying levels of salinity
Ancient trade routes and now major trekking routes pass the site
The 400-year-old Korzok monastery attracts many tourists, and the
wetland is considered sacred by local Buddhist communities and the
water is not used by them
The local community dedicated Tsomoriri as a WWF Sacred Gift for
the Living Planet in recognition of WWF-India’s project work there
The rapidly growing attraction of the recently opened area to
western tourists (currently 2500 per summer) as an ‘unspoilt
destination’ with pristine high desert landscapes and lively cultural
traditions brings great promise but also potential threats to the
ecosystem.
Sambhar Lake - Rajasthan

The Sambhar Salt Lake, India’s largest inland salt lake.

India's largest inland salt lake, a bowl shape lake
the wetland is a key wintering area for tens of thousands of
flamingos and other birds that migrate from northern Asia
The specialized algae and bacteria growing in the lake provide
striking water colours and support the lake ecology that, in turn,
sustains the migrating waterfowl
There is other wildlife in the nearby forests, where Nilgai move freely
along with deer and foxes
Keoladeo National Park – Rajasthan

A complex of ten artificial, seasonal lagoons, varying in size, situated
in a densely populated region
Vegetation is a mosaic of scrub and open grassland that provides
habitat for breeding, wintering and staging migratory birds
The canal provides water for agriculture and domestic consumption
Cattle and water buffalo graze on the site
Placed on the Montreux Record in 1990 due to ‘water shortage and
an unbalanced grazing regime’
Additionally, the invasive growth of the grass Paspalum distichum
has changed the ecological character of large areas of the site,
reducing its suitability for certain waterbird species, notably the
Siberian crane
Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch) - Uttar Pradesh:

A shallow river stretch of the great Ganges with intermittent small
stretches of deep-water pools and reservoirs upstream from
barrages.
The river provides habitat for IUCN Red listed Ganges River Dolphin,
Gharial, Crocodile, 6 species of turtles, otters, 82 species of fish and
more than hundred species of birds
Major plant species, some of which have high medicinal values,
include Dalbergia sissoo, Saraca indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Ficus
bengalensis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Tectona grandis, Azadirachta
indica and aquatic Eichhorina
This river stretch has high Hindu religious importance for thousands
of pilgrims and is used for cremation and holy baths for spiritual
purification
BIOSPHERE RESERVE by ranjit
Criteria for designation of BR

- A site that must contain an effectively protected and minimally
disturbed core area of value of nature conservation.
- The core area should be typical of a bio-geographical unit and large
enough to sustain viable populations representing all trophic levels in
the ecosystem.
- The management authority to ensure the involvement/cooperation
of local communities to bring variety of knowledge and experiences
to link biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development

while managing and containing the conflicts.
- Areas potential for preservation of traditional tribal or rural modes
of living for harmonious use of environment
UNESCO has introduced the designation ‘Biosphere Reserve’ for

natural areas to minimize conflict between development and
conservation.
BRs are nominated by national government which meet a minimal
set of criteria and adhere to minimal set of conditions for inclusion in
the world network of Biosphere reserves under the Man and
Biosphere Reserve Programme of UNESCO.
Globally 621 BRs representing from 117 countries included in the
network so far.
Core Zone
Core zone must contain suitable habitat for numerous plant and animal
species, including higher order predators and may contain centres of
endemism. Core areas often conserve the wild relatives of economic
species and also represent important genetic reservoirs having exceptional
scientific interest. A core zone being National Park or
Sanctuary/protected/regulated mostly under the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972. Whilst realizing that perturbation is an ingredient of ecosystem
functioning, the core zone is to be kept free from l human pressures
external to the system.
Buffer ZoNE
The buffer zone, adjoins or surrounds core zone, uses and activities
are managed in this area in the ways that help in protection of core
zone in its natural condition. These uses and activities include
restoration, demonstration sites for enhancing value addition to the
resources, limited recreation, tourism, fishing, grazing, etc; which are
permitted to reduce its effect on core zone. Research and
educational activities are to be encouraged. Human activities, if
natural within BR, are likely to continue if these do not adversely
affect the ecological diversity.
Transition Zone
The transition area is the outermost part of a biosphere reserve. This
is usually not delimited one and is a zone of cooperation where
conservation knowledge and management skills are applied and uses
are managed in harmony with the purpose of the biosphere reserve.
This includes settlements, crop lands, managed forests and area for
intensive recreation and other economic uses characteristics of the
region.
Tripartite functions of BR (Conservation, Development and logistic

support)
To conserve the diversity and integrity of plants and animals within
natural ecosystems
To safeguard genetic diversity of species on which their continuing
evolution depends
To ensure sustainable use of natural resources through most

appropriate technology for improvement of economic well-being of
the local people
To provide areas for multi-faceted research and monitoring
To provide facilities for education and training
BR scheme is different from other conservation related schemes. It
has the focus on the welfare of local inhabitants through provision of
supplementary and alternate livelihood support to the people in the
buffer and transition zones in order to reduce biotic pressure on
biodiversity of the natural reserves of core zone.
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India.
The Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster, conjoining the Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve, is a World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in
2012.
It includes the Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Sathyamangalam, Nagarhole,
Wayanad, and Bandipur national parks.
-states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka and Kerala. It forms an almost
complete ring around the Nilgiri Plateau
It has largest population of two endangered species- lion-tailed
macaque and nilgiri tahr.
Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve

in Kerala and 1672.36 km² is in Tamil Nadu.
It is composed of Neyyar,[4] Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife
Sanctuaries. Inclusion of adjoining areas of Kalakkad Mundanthurai
Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu has been approved.
ABR includes the Indian Ecoregions of South Western Ghats moist
deciduous forests, South Western Ghats montane rain forests and
Shola.
Rare animals include the tiger, Asian Elephant, and Nilgiri Tahr.
Agastyamalai is also home to the Kanikaran,one of the oldest
surviving ancient tribes in the world
GULF OF MANNAR
Indian part of Gulf of Mannar extending from Rameswaram island in the
North to Kanyakumari in the South of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka.
Dugong
The islets and coastal buffer zone include beaches, estuaries, and tropical
dry broadleaf forests, while the marine environments include seaweed
communities, sea grass communities, coral reefs, salt marshes and
mangrove forests
Gulf of Mannar is known for its pearl banks of Pinctada radiata and
Pinctada fucata for at least two thousand years. Pliny the Elder praised the
pearl fishery of the gulf as one of the most productive in the world.
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve encompasses a large part (some 85%) of

the island of Great Nicobar.
It incorporates two National parks of India, which were gazetted in
1992: the larger Campbell Bay National Park on the northern part of
the island, and Galathea National Park in the southern interior.
The environment is classified by the World Wide Fund for Nature as
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, and located in the
Indomalaya ecozone
Nicobar scrubfowl,the edible-nest swiftlet, the Nicobar long-tailed
macaque umbrosa), saltwater crocodile), giant leatherback sea turtle
Malayan box turtle, Nicobar tree shrew, reticulated python and the
giant robber crab (or coconut crab, Birgus latro).
Indigenous inhabitants.
The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve also incorporates territories
and traditional lands of the indigenous Nicobarese and Shompen
peoples.
Seshachalam Hills - Slender Loris

- are hilly ranges part of the Eastern Ghats in southern Andhra

Pradesh state, in southeastern India.
The ranges were formed during the Precambrian era (3.8 billion to 540
million years ago). Minerals contained in these hills include sandstone and
shale interbedded with limestone
Tirupati, a major Hindu pilgrimage town is located in the hills. The
hills contain seven peaks namely, Anjanadri, Garudadri, Narayanadri,
Neeladri, Seshadri, Venkatadri and Vrishabhadri, the highest at about
600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level. The seven peaks are said to
represent the seven hoods of Lord Adisesha, the king of serpents in
Hindu mythology. The Srivenkateshwara National Park is also located
in these ranges.
The famous Natural Arch, Tirumala Hills is also a part of Seshachalam
Hills, which dates back to the period in between Middle and Upper
Proterozoic Eon. and there is also a belief god venkateshwara god
In 2010 it was designated as a Biosphere Reserve. It has large
reserves of Red Sandal wood which is used in medicines, soaps
,spiritual rituals.
Simlipal – ORISSA – semul (red silk cotton trees)

Simlipal is home to 99 royal Bengal tigers and 432 wild elephants.
Besides Simlipal is famous for gaurs (Indian bison), chausingha, as
well as an orchidarium.
elephant reserve
a tiger reserve in 1956 and under Project Tiger in May 1973.
“Mugger Crocodile Scheme”
SUNDARBAN
Part of delta of Ganges and Brahmaputra river system
It is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the
world.
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Sundarbans National Park is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a
Biosphere Reserve located in the SundARBANS
Khangchendzonga Parts of Kangchenjunga Sikkim

East Himalayas
National Park and a Biosphere reserve located in Sikkim, India. It was
inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list on July 17, 2016,
becoming the first "Mixed Heritage" site of India.
Zemu glacier.
Lepcha tribal settlements inside the park.
The park contains Tholung Monastery, a gompa located in the park's
buffer zonE
Animals like musk deer, snow leopard, Clouded Leopard and Himalayan
tahr, red panda
complex of three distinct ecoregions: the eastern Himalayan broad-
leaved and coniferous forests, the Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub
and meadows and the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands.
Panna
Madhya Pradesh
Catchment Area of the Ken River
Tiger, chital, chinkara, sambhar and sloth bear
Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

Giant squirrel, flying squirrel
is a non-use conservation area and biosphere reserve in the
Satpura Range of Madhya Pradesh state in central India
Includes-
Bori Sanctuary
Pachmarhi Sanctuary
Satpura National Park
tigers, leopard, wild boar, gaur (Bos gaurus), chital deer (Axis
axis)s, muntjac deers, sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)s, and rhesus
macaques.
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve

-Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh .
About 68.1% of this reserve lies in Chhattisgarh

Maikala Hills
Four-horned antelope, Indian wild dog, Sarus crane, White-rumped
vulture, Philautus sanctisilvaticus (Sacred grove bush frog)
the reserve is also the source of three major river systems: the Narmada,
the Johilla and the Son River
Great Rann of Kutch
Luni River, which originates in Rajasthan, drains into the desert in

the northeast corner of the Rann. Other rivers feeding into the marsh
include the Rupen from the east and the West Banas River from the
northeast
It encompasses a true saline desert where thousands of greater
flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) nest in the world famous
‘Flamingo City’ located in the mud flats of the Rann.
Indian wild ass- Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary also known as the Wild
Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch in the
Gujarat state of India. it is the largest wildlife sanctuary in India.
Unexplained strange dancing light phenomena known locally as Chir Batti
(ghost lights) occurs in the Rann, the adjoining Banni grasslands, and the
seasonal wetlands
Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid

grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the
marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch.
Wildlife Institute of India (WII) has identified this grassland reserve
as one of the last remaining habitats of the cheetah in India and a
possible reintroduction site for the species.
Chari-Dhand wetland conservation reserve is located on the edge of
arid Banni grasslands and the marshy salt flats of the Rann of Kutch.
Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary – chinkara, cheetah reintro.
Kutch Bustard Sanctuary
three Indian bustard species – namely the great Indian bustard, the
lesser florican and the Bengal florican.
The great Indian bustard, India's heaviest bird, is a shy bird, a good
flier but prefers to walk. It lives in open areas and roosts and breeds
in the open. Nests of bustard chicks have been seen during the rainy
season. Each bird lays one egg at a time and it takes 45 days to
hatch.
Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve located in the

western Himalayas region, within Himachal Pradesh.
Pin Valley National Park and surroundings;Chandratal and Sarchu &
Kibber Wildlife Sancturary
Snow leopard
Nanda Devi
World Heritage Site
drained by the Rishi Ganga

Himalayan musk deer, mainland serow and Himalayan tahr. Goral are
not found within, but in the vicinity of the park.
Carnivores are represented by snow leopard, Himalayan black bear
and perhaps also brown bear
Nokrek - In west Garo Hills, Meghalaya

Red panda
Hoolock gibbon, Pig-tailed Macaque, Stump-tailed Macaque,
Binturong, Clouded Leopard, Elephant, leopard, Gaur.
The major forest types are:
Tropical moist evergreen forests. Tropical semi-evergreen forests.Tropical
moist deciduous forests. Sub-tropical broad leave Hill forest.Bamboo
forests.
Dihang-Dibang or Dehang-Debang ARUNACHAL

Part of Siang and Dibang Valley.
Rare mammals such as Mishmi takin, red goral, musk deer (at least
two sub-species), red panda, Asiatic black bear, occasional tiger and
Gongshan muntjac occur, while among birds there are the rare
Sclater's monal and Blyth's tragopan.
Two flying squirrels have been discovered from the vicinity of this
reserve. These are named as Mechuka giant flying squirrel and
Mishmi Hills giant flying squirrel
Mouling National Park and the Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary are located
fully or partly within this biosphere reserve.
It covers high mountains of Eastern Himalaya and Mishmi Hills.
the habitat in Dihang-Dibang ranges from tropical wet evergreen in
the river gorges to subtropical, temperate, alpine and permanent
snow.
Manas BR - ASSAM
a national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger
reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve.
Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog. Manas is
famous for its population of the wild water buffalo.
Manas River, which is named after the serpent goddess Manasa. The
Manas river is a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, which passes
through the heart of the national park.
pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros (re-introduced in 2007 after extinction due
to heavy poaching during the Bodo uprising), bengal florican, wild Asian
buffalo,slow loris, capped langur, wild pig, sambar, great hornbill, Malayan
giant squirrel or black giant squirrel, etc.
The main vegetation types are:
Sub-Himalayan Light Alluvial Semi-Evergreen forests in the northern parts.
East Himalayan mixed Moist and Dry Deciduous forests (the most common
type).
Low Alluvial Savanna Woodland, and
Assam Valley Semi-Evergreen Alluvial Grasslands which cover almost 50%
of the park.
Dibru-Saikhowa
National park
The park bounded is by the Brahmaputra and Lohit rivers in the
north and Dibru river in the south.
- consists of moist mixed semi-evergreen forests, moist mixed
deciduous forests, canebrakes and grasslands. It is the largest salix
swamp forest in north east India.
Originally created to help conserve the habitat of the rare white-
winged wood duck, the park is also home to other rare creatures
such as water buffalo, black-breasted parrotbill, tiger and capped
langur.
Golden langur

Top 10 National Parks of India for Wildlife

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NATIONAL PARKS BY ranjit

- India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National

An area, whether within a sanctuary or not, can be notified by the state

What is Wildlife Sanctuary

geomorphological, natural. or zoological significance, for the purpose of

Dudhwa National Park is a stronghold of the barasingha. Around half of

Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Sanctuary-

- it is one of the remaining strongholds in the Himalayas of the bearded

Jim Corbett National Park

Valley of Flowers National Park

River Pushpawati flows through the Valley of Flowers

- The high altitude ecosystem of the Northwest Himalaya has

Pin Valley National Park

Khirganga National Park is a national park in Himachal Pradesh, India

Hemis National Park-

- It is the only national park in India north of the Himalayas, the

Kalesar National Park

Keoladeo National Park

- Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur

Mukundra Hills (Darrah) National Park

Ranthambore National Park

Sariska Tiger Reserve

at Velavadar is situated in the Bhavnagar District of Gujarat state,

The Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

maaldharis, the semi-nomadic tribal herdsmen

Vansda National Park, also known as Bansda National Park,

Bandhavgarh National Park

Pench National Park

hard ground barasingha is pride of the place

Panna National Park

by 2009, the entire tiger population had been eliminated by

Satpura National Park- MP, TIGER

Van Vihar National Park is a national park in central India. It is located in

Mandla Plant Fossils National Park is situated in Mandla district of

- It derives its name from the nearby Indravati River.

Kanger Ghati National Park

Bhitarkanika National Park

Bhitarkanika has one of the largest populations of endangered saltwater

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park is a national park located in

Tadoba Andhari NP.

Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), formerly Borivali National

Navegaon National Park is a national park located in the Gondia

Gugamal National Park

Chandoli National Park

Mathikettan Shola National Park- name Mathikettan derives from

Pampadum Shola National Park - keystone species here is the highly

Eravikulam National Park- UNESCO World Heritage Site. Anamudi,

Periyar National Park - It is located high in the Cardamom Hills and

Bandipur National Park –

Bannerghatta National Park-

Nagarhole National Park

The park has a role in both ex-situ and in-situ conservation.

Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India

Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (IGWLS&NP) is a

Mudumalai National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

Mukurthi National Park (MNP) - located in the western corner of the

Gorumara National Park:

Singalila National Park - Project Red Panda (funded by the Central

Buxa National Park

Sundarban National Park-

- area falls under both the Palearctic and Indo Malayan

Mouling National Park