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6YDNL WHQ]RU GUXJRJ UHGD VH PRåH SULND]DWL ]EURMHP VLPHWULþQRJ L DQWLVLPHWULþQRJ
WHQ]RUD
Tij = (Tij + T ji ) + (Tij − T ji ) = Sij + Aij 
1 1
2 

 2 

Sij = S ji Aij =− A ji

LOL  (T + T T ) + (T − T T ) = S + A
1 1
T=
2  

 2  

6LPHWULþQL GLR MH SRORYLQD ]EURMD WHQ]RUD 7 L WUDQVSRQLUDQRJ WHQ]RUD 77 GRN MH
S = ST A =− A T

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6 0 4 6 4 3 0 −4 1
 8 1 7 = 4 1 1+ 4 0 6
2 −5 3 3 1 3 −1 −6 0
 
 
 

Tij Sij Aij

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L

d i = ijkT jk
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 d i = ijk A jk
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LM LM

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1
Alm = ilm d i
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2

SRPRüX VLPHWULþQRJGLMHODLGXDOQRJYHNWRUDXREOLNX
 Tij = Sij + Aij = Sij + kij d k 
1
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6IHUQLLGHYLMDWRUVNLGLRWHQ]RUDGUXJRJUHGD
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1
Tij = Tkk ij + Σ ij
3
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 Φ = GLYJUDGΦ  = ∇ ⋅ ∇Φ  =
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∂xi ∂xi
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∂• ∂• ∂• ∂•
= = 2 + 2 + 2
∂xi ∂xi ∂ x1 ∂ x2 ∂ x3
gdje umjesto oznake “ • ´ PRåHVWDMDWLVNDODUQRYHNWRUVNRLOLWHQ]RUVNRSROMH

3URVWRUQDNULYXOMDLNULYXOMQLLQWHJUDO
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G G G G
r (t ) = x1 (t )e1 + x2 (t )e2 + x3 (t )e3
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$ L % LVWH NULYXOMD MH ]DWYRUHQD
[
8VPMHUHQL HOHPHQW ds NULYXOMH &
G G G G G
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G
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G % što je definirano na slici .RPSRQHQWH
HOHPHQWDUQRJ YHNWRUD ds X LQGHNVQRM
r (t + d t ) G

2 [
QRWDFLMLVX

[
G G G G G
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6OLND8VPMHUHQLHOHPHQWNULYXOMH
.ULYXOMQLLQWHJUDOYHNWRUVNRJSROMD v SR
G
RULMHQWLUDQRM NULYXOML & REUXEOMHQRM
WRþNDPD$L%GHILQLUDQMHL]UD]RP
B B
G G
∫A
v ⋅ d s
A
= ∫ v j dx j
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G G
vG∫ C v ⋅ ds = v∫C v j dx j
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G

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C

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REOLNX

G ∂Φ
v = gradΦ ili v j =
∂x j
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WRþNDPD$L%MHGQDN
 ∫A j j A∫ ∂x j j A∫ dΦ = Φ (B) − Φ ( A)
∂Φ
B B B
v d x = d x =

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EH]FLUNXODFLMVNRJ SROMD 'DNOH SRWHQFLMDOQR SROMH MH NRQ]HUYDWLYQR RGQRVQR
EH]FLUNXODFLMVNR

%H]YUWORåQRYHNWRUVNRSROMH
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 rotv = 0 ili ijk k = 
G ∂v
∂x j
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 (rotv )i = (rot (gradΦ ))i = ijk   =  

G ∂  ∂Φ 
∂x j  ∂xk 
 

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simetriþQR
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6ROHQRLGDOQRYHNWRUVNRSROMH
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G
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]DGRYROMDYDMHGQDGåEXNRQWLQXLWHWDREOLND divv 
G
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G G
YULMHGL

G G ∂ψ k
v = rotψ ili vi = ijk
∂x j
-DVQR MH GD MH GLYHUJHQFLMD SROMD v MHGQDND QXOL MHU MH GLYURWψ )=0, što je u indeksnom
G G
]DSLVXRþLWR

 = 
G ∂v ∂  ∂ψ k  ∂ 2ψ k
divv = i =  ijk  = ijk
∂xi ∂xi  ∂x j  ∂x j ∂xi


simetriþQR

MHUMHSHUPXWDFLMVNLVLPERODQWLVLPHWULþDQXRGQRVXQDLQGHNVHL L M GRNMHWHQ]RU
∂ 2ψ k
∂x j ∂xi
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G
YHNWRUVNLMHSRWHQFLMDO ψ QHRGUH HQGRQD gradΦ MHUMHURWψ JUDG Φ  URWψ 6WRJDüH
G G G
VH VYDNRYHNWRUVNRSROMHPRüLSULND]DWL]EURMHPVYRJDSRWHQFLMDOQRJLVROHQRLGDOQRJGLMHOD
X REOLNX

G G ∂Φ ∂ψ k
v = gradΦ + rotψ ili vi = + ε ijk
∂xi ∂x j