k~rzLn 1fg

-d"n, ;f/f+z Pj+ hfgsf/L d'ns_

wd{bfg :j?k lgMz'Ns ljt/0f s] lno]

hf] eL, lh; efiff d]+ eL, lhtgf eL k':ts d'b0| f s/s]
bfg b]g+] x]t' :jfut Pj+ ;xif{ cg'dlt k|bfg s/tf x"+ .
a;, n]vs Ps hfgsf/L sf ck]Iff /vtf x}+ .

 leSv' OGbj+z y]/f]



9702686626/ 9021441019
Email: indavansa14@gmail.com

15
 k~rzLn 1fg
leSv' OGbj+z y]/f]

k|f/De
k~rzLn af}4 hut d]+ Hofbf xL k|rlnt zAb x} .
ljxf/ d]+ hfg] jfn] xf] of a'4d"lt{ s] ;fdg] >4f k|s6 s/g] jfn] xf], k~rzLn s] ljifo d]+ ;'gf xL xf]uf .

zLn jx x}, hf] ckg] cfr/0f cR5] agfg] s] lnP, ckg] jf0fL kl/z'4 s/g] s] lnP kfng s/t] x} .
zLn sf dtna k~rzLn, ci6zLn, bzzLn, ckg] ckg] sQ{Jo kfng s/gf cflb ;d´t] x+} .
Og d]+ ;] eL, zLn sf cy{ ax't ;] pkf;s–pkfl;sf+P tf] k~rzLn xL ;d´t] x}+ .

zLn kl/ro
ckg] z/L/ cf}/ jf0fL ;] xf]g] jfn] cs'zn sd{ sf] /f]sg] s] lnP kfng lsof hfg] jfn] cR5] cfr/0f cf}/
cR5] lgod sf] zLn sxt] x} .
a"/] kfk–sd{ ;] b"/ xL /vg] jfn] cR5] lgod, cR5] cfr/0f sf] zLn sxt] x} .
b'Mvdo ;+;f/ ;] cnu xf]g] s] lnP cR5] cfwf/ cf}/ ;b\aLh zLn x} .
zLn dg'io s] ;/ ;dfg x} . zLn x} tf] ;eL ;Ddfg b]+u], cfb/ s/]+u], ckgf agfs] /v]+u] .
tyfut a'4 g] zLn s] ljifo d]+ O; t/x pkb]z lbP x}+—
;Ln]g ;'ult+ olGt, ;Ln]g ef]u;Dkbf .
;Ln]g lgAa'lt+ olGt, t:df ;Ln+ lj;f]wo] ..
cyf{t—zLn kfng s/g] ;] ;'ult kx'+rfo]uf, zLn ;] ef]u–;DklQ k|fKt xf]uf . zLn ;] b'Mvd'St lgjf{0f
kx'+rfo]uf . O;LlnP zLn sf] z'4 ?k ;] kfng s/f] .

zLn kfng s] u'0f

æbL3lgsfoÆ cf}/ æpbfgÆ u|y+ d]+ zLn kfng s] u'0f–wDd pNn]v x'cf x}+, lh;] tyfut a'4 g] pkb]z lsof
x} + .
oxfF zLn kfng s] d'n kf“r u'0f–wDd k|:t't lsof uof x} . h};] ls—
!= zLnjfg JolSt k|dfb of a]xf]z d]+ gf k8g] s] sf/0f ax't ;] wg;DklQ k|flKt xf]uf, hf] wg x} p;sf eL
ljgfz xf]g] sL ;+efjgf ax't xL sd /x]uf .
@= zLn kfng s/g] jfn] JolSt sL ozsLlt{ rf/f]+ cf]/ km}n hfo]uf, ;eL ;Ddfg e/L gh/ ;] b]v]uf .

1
#= lh; sf]O{ eL ;ef d]+ hfP,lgeL{s cf}/ lgz+sf]r ¿k ;] hf kfo]uf, dg d]+ ls;L k|sf/ s] 8/ cf}/ qf; gxL+
/x]uf .
$= zLn kfng s/g] jfn] zLnjfg JolSt a]xf]zL d]+ gxL+ d/]uf, ck|dfbL of ;hutf k"j{s xL k|f0f Tofu
s/]uf .
%= zLnjfg JolSt d/g] s] afb eL ;'ult sf] hfo]uf, b'Uult d]+ pTkGg xf] s/ b'Mv–si6 ef]ugf gxL+ k8]uf .

zLn– bfg, zLn cf}/ efjgf d]+

tyfut a'4 g] u[x:y hLjg cR5f agfg] s] lnP ;eL pkf;s–pkfl;sfcf]+ sf] tLg pkb]z lbP x}+– bfg, zLn
cf}/ efjgf .
k|fl0fof]+ d]+ ;j{>i] 7 O; b'n{e dg'io hLjg sf] ;xL ¿k ;] ;fy{s cf}/ ;kmn agfg] s] lnP ox a'4 sf pkb]z
ax't xL nfebfoL x}+ .
af}4 ;flxTo d]+ Ps ufyf O; t/x eL cfof x}—
bfg+ bbGt' ;4fo, ;Ln+ /SvGt' ;Aabf .
efjgf le/tf xf]Gt', uR5Gt' b]jtf utf ..
cyf{t– >4f ;] bfg bf], xd]zf zLn sf kfng s/f], Wofg–efjgf d]+ nu] /xf] cf}/ cR5] ult d]+ kx'+rf] .
tyfut a'4 s] ox tLg pkb]z O; t/x eL k|:t't lsof hftf x}+—
!= >4f ;] bfg b]gf,
@= xd]zf zLn kfng s/gf, cf}/
#= Wofg efjgf cEof; s/gf .
O; d]+ tyfut a'4 sf b";/f pkb]z zLn xL x}+ .

zLn– b;kf/ldtf d]+

tyfut a'4 g] v'b b;–kf/ldtf wDd kfng s/s] k"0f{ ag]+ cf}/ b";/f]+ sf] eL p;sf pkb]z lbof x+} .
af}4 ;flxTo d]+ b;–kf/ldtf u'0f–wDd O; t/x cfof x}+–
!= bfgkf/ldtf -bfg, Tofu d]+ k"0f{ xf]gf_,
@= zLnkf/ldtf -zLn kfng d]+ k"0f{ xf]gf_,
#= g}iqmdkf/ldtf -cfzlQm x6fs] j}/fUo xf]gf_,
$= k|1fkf/ldtf -oyfy{ cf}/ ;xL 1fg d]+ k"0f{ xf]gf_,
%= jLo{kf/ldtf -pT;fx k/fqmd d]+ k"0f{ xf]gf_,
^= IfflGtkf/ldtf -;xgzLntf d]+ lgk'0f aggf_,
&= ;Tokf/ldtf -;To d]+ k"0f{ xf]gf_,
2
 *= clwi7fgkf/ldtf -;xL k|lt1f of clwi7fg d]+ k"0f{ xf]gf_,
(= d}qLkf/ldtf -d}qL ;dtfefj d]+ k"0f{ /xgf_,
!)= pk]Iffkf/ldtf -pk]Iff of t6:y efj d]+ lgk'0f /xgf_  .
ox hf] b;kf/ldtf s] b";/f u'0fwDd xL x}— zLnkf/ldtf .
xd]zf zLn sf] kfng lso] /vgf, ls;L eL cj:yfcf]+ d]+ zLn–e+u gf s/gf xL zLnkf/ldtf x}+ .

zLnM cfg'kl" j{syf d]+

lh; t/x sf]O{ Ps sk8] d]+ /+u r9fgf x} tf] ;a;] kxn] p;] kfgL d]+ wf]s/ ;fkm lsof hftf x}, lkm/ /+u r9ft]
x} + .
lagf ;fkm lso] sk8] d]+ /+u r9fg] rn] tf] p; d]+ cR5L t/x ;] /+u ks8tf gxL+, cf}/ eL v/fa xf] hftf x} .
7Ls O;L t/x, tyfut a'4 eL pkb]z ;'gg] s] lnP cfg] jfn] x/ ls;L sf] t'?Gt b'Mv–d'St uDeL/ pkb]z
gf b]t] x'o] lrQ sf] z'4 cf}/ >4fjfg agfg] s] lnP k|f/lDes pkb]z b]t] x}+ .
tyfut a'4 ox hf] j|mlds, k|0fflna4 cf}/ Jojl:yt ¿k d]+ k|f/lDes pkb]z b]t] x}+, O;sf] af}4 ;flxTo d]+
cfg'k"lj{syf sxt] x} .
af}4 ;flxTo d]+ O;sf] O; t/x lbvfof uof x}—
!_ bfg ;DalGw syf,
@_ zLn ;DalGw syf,
#_ ;'ult ;DalGw syf,
$_ sfdfg+ cflbgjf] -k~rsfd of OlGb|o ef]u s] bf]if lbvfb]g] jfn]_ ;DalGw syf,
%_ cf]sf/f] -k~rsfd s] kl/0ffd atfg]_ ;DalGw syf,
^_ ;+lsn];f] -Sn]z s] af/] atfg]_ ;DalGw syf,
&_ g]SvDd] cflg;+; -g}iqmDo s] af/] d]+ atfg]_ ;DalGw syf  .
tyfut a'4 nf]uf]+ sf] hf] k|f/lDes pkb]z b]t] x}+, p;d]+ b";/f k|f/lDessyf xL x}– zLn .

zLnM cfo{ci6f+lus dfu{ d]+

b'Mvd'lSt sf cf7 pQd u'0f–wDd sf] cfo{ci6f+lus dfu{ sxt] x} . O;] dWoddfu{ eL sxt] x} . h};] ls—
s_ ;Dos\ b[li6 -;xL wf/0ff_,
v_ ;Dos\ ;+sNk -;xL ;+sNk_,
u_ ;Dos\ jrg -;xL jf0fL_,
3_ ;Dos\ sdf{Gt -;xL sd{_,
3
 ª_ ;Dos\ cfhLljsf -;xL hLljsf_,
r_ ;Dos\ Jofofd -;xL k|oTg_,
5_ ;Dos\ :d[lt -;xL :d[lt_, cf}/
h_ ;Dos\ ;dflw -;xL Psfu|tf_ .
cfo{ci6f+lus dfu{ sf] zLn, ;dflw cf}/ k|1f d]+ eL ljefhg s/t] x}+ .
zLn d]+ ;Dos jrg, ;Dos sdf{Gt cf}/ ;Dos cfhLljsf cftf x}+ .
;dflw d]+ ;Dos Jofofd, ;Dos :d[lt cf}/ ;Dos ;dflw cftf x+} .
k|1f d]+ ;Dos b[li6 cf}/ ;Dos ;+sNk cftf x}+ .
O; t/x, b'Mvd'lSt s] cfo{ci6f+lus dfu{ d]+ zLn cGtu{t ;xL jf0fL, ;xL sd{ cf}/ ;xL hLljsf cftf x}+ .

zLnM bf] k|sf/

tyfut a'4 åf/f lbP uo] pkb]z d]+ zLn sf] ljljw cfwf/f]+ d]+ ljljw k|sf/ ;] ljeflht lsof x'cf x} .
d'n ?k d]+ zLn sf] kfng s/g] cf}/ 5f]8g] s] cfwf/ k/ bf] k|sf/ d]+ ljeflht lsof x'cf x}+ . h};] ls—
!_ rfl/q zLn,
@_ jfl/q zLn .
kfng s/g] sL cR5L pkb]z rfl/q zLn x}+ . h};] ls– bfg b]gf, zLn kfng s/gf, Wofg cEof; s/gf,
cflb .
5f]8g] sL cs'zn zLn sf] jfl/q zLn sxt] x} + . h};] ls– lx+;f s/gf, rf]/L s/gf, Jolerf/ s/gf, c;To
af]ngf, cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ ;]jg s/gf, cflb .

zLnM dfu{kmn s] c+u

tyfut a'4 g] ;eL b'Mvf] ;] d'St 1fg s] cj:yfcf]+ sf] dfu{–kmn s] ?k d]+ pkb]z lbP x}+ .
dfu{kmn rf/ k|sf/ s] x}+— >f]tfklt dfu{kmn, ;s[bfufdL dfu{kmn, cgfufdL dfu{kmn, cx{t\ dfu{kmn .
dfu{kmn d]+ kx'+rgf xL lglZrt ?k ;] b'Mvd'St xf]gf x}+ .
kxnf dfu{kmn >f]tfklt d]+ kx'r+ g] s] lnP tyfut a'4 g] rf/ u'0f–wDd sL cfjZostf atfof uof x} + . jx x}—+
!= a'4 s] k|lt lgz+sf,
@= wDd s] k|lt lgz+sf,
#= ;+3 s] k|lt lgz+sf, cf}/
$= zLn seL gf e+u s/gf .
tyfut a'4 g] b'Mvd'St dfu{kmn d]+ k|j]z s/g] s] lnP eL zLn sf] cleGg c+u s] ¿k d]+ pkb]z lbof x}+ .

4
zLn d]+ k~rzLn
 zLn d]+ eL k|foM pkf;s–pkfl;sf+P cf;fgL ;] k~rzLn sf] xL zLn ;d´t] x}+ .
tyfut a'4 g] b}lgs hLjg d]+ xd]zf kfng s/g] sL zLn s] ?k d]+ k~rzLn sf pkb]z lbof x}+ .
k~rzLn sf cy{ x}— k~r cyf{t kf“r, zLn cyf{t cR5] cfr/0f, lgod .
b}lgs hLjg d]+ ckg] cfr/0f kl/z'4 agfg] s] lnP kfng s/gf cfjZos kfFr cR5] cfr/0f of lgod sf]
xL k~rzLn sxt] x}+ .
k~rzLn sf pkb]z v'b tyfut a'4 g] xL lbof x}+ .
tyfut a'4 g] lagf sf/0f sf]O{ eL lgod, zLn of l;4fGt agfof gxL+ x}+ .
lh; t/x Ps 8fS6/ sf] ;eL /f]uf]+ sL bjfO{ dfn'd xf]t] x'P eL lagf /f]u s] ls;L eL OG;fg sf] bjfO{ b]t] gxL+,
O;L t/x tyfut a'4 eL ;j{1 cf}/ ;eL aft]+ hfgt] x'P eL lagf sf/0f Ps xL af/ ;eL lgod agft] gxL+ .
ha hxf+ h};] lgod sL cfjZostf k8], p;L t/x tyfut a'4 lgod agft] x},+ p;sf kfng s/g] sL pkb]z
b]t] x}+ .

k~rzLn s] kf“r lgod

k~rzLn d]+ kf“r cR5] lgod x}+, hf] s]jn af}4 sf] xL gxL+, ;eL dfgj dfq s] lnP nfebfoL /xf x}+ .
tyfut a'4 åf/f pkb]z lsof x'cf jx k~rzLn s] lgod O; t/x x}+—
!_ kf0ffltkftf j]/d0fL cyf{t k|f0fL–lx+;f gxL+ s/gf,
@_ clbGgfbfgf j]/d0fL cyf{t rf]/L gxL+ s/gf,
#_ sfd];l' dR5frf/f j]/d0fL cyf{t sfdldYofrf/–Jolerf/ gxL+ s/gf,
$_ d';fjfbf j]/d0fL cyf{t c;To–´"7 gxL+ af]ngf, cf}/
%_ ;'/fd]/odHhkdfb6\7fgf j]/d0fL cyf{t cDdn gzf–kQL h};] dfbs kbfyf]{+ sf ;]jg gxL+ s/gf .

!= k|f0fLlx+;f gxL+ s/gf

lagf sf/0f sf]O{ Ps JolSt cf s/ v'b sf] lrD6L n] of yKk8 df/] tf] xd]+ cR5f gxL+ nutf .
p; g] So"+ P];f df/f, So"+ lrD6L lnof s/s] xd p;;] ´u8g] nut] x}+ of v'b eL p;] p;L t/x df/g] cf}/
lrD6L n]g] nut] x}+ .
cu/ jx JolSt anjfg x} cf}/ xd p;] df/ gxL+ ;st] tf] ufnL s/s] eL u':;f lgsfnt] x} .
cu/ ufnL eL gxL+ b] ;st] tf] dg xL dg p;] >fk b]t] x}, j|mf]w huft] x}, /f]t] x}, du/ jx lrD6L of yKk8
k;Gb gxL+ x}, P];f Jojxf/ xd h?/ lbvft] x} .

5
lh; t/x b";/f]+ g] xd sf] lrD6L eL lnof, yKk8 eL df/f tf] k;Gb gxL+ x}, j};] xL b";/f]+ sf] eL lk6gf, b'Mv
b]gf cf}/ hfg ;] df/gf h};] sfd gxL+ s/gf rflxP .
tyfut a'4 sf pkb]z wDdkb u|+y s] b08jUuf] d]+ O; t/x cfof x}—
;Aa] t;lGt b0b:;, ;Aa] efolGt dRr'gf] .
cQfg+ pkd+ sTjf, g xg]øo g 3fto] ..
cyf{t– b08 b]v s/ ;eL 8/t] x}, d[To' ;] ;eL sfFkt] x} . O;LlnP v'b sf] pbfx/0f d]+ /v s/ ls;L sf]
b'Mv gf b]gf, lx+;f gf s/gf . -wDdkb, ufyf g+= !@(_
tyfut a'4 sf pkb]z O; t/x eL cfof x}—
;Aa] t;lGt b0b:;, ;Aa];+ hLljt+ lko+ .
cQfg+ pkd+ sTjf, g xg]øo g 3fto] ..
cyf{t– b08 b]v s/ ;eL 8/t] x}, ;eL hLg] s] lk|o x} . O;LlnP v'b sf] pbfx/0f d]+ /v s/ ls;L sf]
b'Mv gf b]gf, lx+;f gf s/gf . -wDdkb, ufyf g+= !#)_
k|f0fL–lx+;f k"0f{ xf]g] s] lnP % c+u k"/f xf]gf rflxP, P];f af}4 ;flxTo d]+ pNn]v lsof uof x} .

k|f0fLlx+;f s] jx % c+u O; t/x x}—

!_ k|f0fL hLljt xf]gf,
@_ k|f0fL hLljt x}, P];f v'b sf] ktf xf]gf,
#_ k|f0fL sf] df/g] sL r]tgf÷OR5f xf]gf,
$_ k|f0fL sf] df/g] sL k|oTg eL s/gf, cf}/
%_ p; k|f0fL sf d[To' eL xf]gf .
tyfut a'4 g] O; hLjg sf] cR5f agfg] s] lnP xd]zf k|f0fL–lx+;f ;] b"/ xL /xg] sL pkb]z lbof x}+ .
xd ls;L sf] lk6]+u], xd sf] lk6g] jfnf eL b";/f cfo]uf .
xd ls;L sf xft–kfj tf]8]+u], xdf/L xft–kfj tf]8g] jfnf eL b";/f cfo]uf .
xd ls;L sf] hfg ;] df/]+u], xd sf] df/g] jfnf eL b";/f cfo]uf .
v'b ;'v, zfGtL cf}/ cfgGb ;] /xg] s] lnP b";/f]+ sL ;'v–zfGtL sf eL Wofg /vgf h?/L x} .

@= rf]/L gxL+ s/gf

lh; t/x v'b sf] gfk;Gb sf]O{ a:t' eL b";/f r'/fs] n] hftf x}, tf] ckg] dg d]+ bb{ xf]tf x}, cR5f laNs'n
eL gxL+ nutf x} .
cu/ xdf/L h?/L rLh]+ of k;lGbbf a:t' xL sf]O{ b";/f r'/fs] n] hftf x} tf] lkm/ s};f nu]uf <
lglZrt ?k ;] xL xd] cR5f gxL+ nu]uf, dg d]+ bb{ eL xf]uf, u':;f eL cfo]uf .

6
7Ls O;L t/x, b";/f]+ s] rLh–a:t' xd r'/f n]+u] tf] pg nf]uf]+ sf] eL cR5f gxL+ nu]uf, dg d]+ bb{ xf]uf cf}/
u':;f cfo]uf .
O; t/x ckg] cfksf] pbfx/0f s] ?k d]+ /v s/ ls;L sf eL rLh–a:t' rf]/L gxL+ s/gf rflxP .
lagf k'5], lagf atfo] ls;L sf rLh–a:t' eL p7fs] gxL+ n]gf rflxP . ox eL Ps k|sf/ sf rf]/L xL x'cf .

rf]/L gxL+ s/gf rflxP, lagf k'5] ls;L sf a:t' gxL+ n]gf rflxP .
rf]/L s] wg ;] c;nL ;'v–zfGtL gxL+ ldntf, k5tfjf, dg d]+ UnfgL, czfGtL cf}/ b'Mv xL ldn]uf .
cf}/ cu/ rf]/L s/t] ;do ks8f uof tf] xd]zf s] lnP jx ‘rf]/’ sxnfo]uf, u':;f jfn] xf]uf tf] d'Ssf
vfo]uf, k'ln; ks8]uf tf] h]n hfo]uf, kl/jf/f]+ ;] la58 s/ cGwsf/ d]+ hLjg rnf hfo]uf .
af}4 ;flxTo d]+ rf]/L k"0f{ xf]g] s] lnP % c+u sf pNn]v x'cf x} . h};] ls—
!_ b";/f]+ sL a:t' xf]gf,
@_ b";/f]+ sf x}, P];f dfn'd eL xf]gf,
#_ rf]/L s/g] sL OR5f xf]gf,
$_ rf]/L s/g] sL k|oTg s/gf,
%_ rf]/L s/g] d]+ ;kmn eL xf]gf .
ox ;r x}, rf]/L s] wg ;] s'5 ;do dhf cfo]uf, ;'v eL b]uf du/ jx ax't b]/ ts 6Lsf gxL+ /xtf .
wDdkb u|+y s] æafnjUuÆ d]+ a'4jrg O; t/x eL cfof x}—
g t+ sDd+ st+ ;fw'–o+ sTjf cg'tKklt .
o:; c:;'dv ' f] /f]b–+ ljkfs+ kl6;]jlt ..
cyf{t– lh; sfd s] kmn ef]u s/t] ;do cfF;' axf s/ kZrftfk s/gf k8], j};] sfd ;Hhg gf s/] tf]
xL cR5f x} .
a'4jrg lkm/ O; t/x eL cfof x}—
t~r sDd+ st+ ;fw'–o+ sTjf gfg'tKklt .
o:; ktLtf] ;'dgf]–ljkfs+ kl6;]jlt ..
cyf{t– lh; sfd s] kmn ef]u s/t] ;do k5tfjf s/gf gf k8], lrQ k|;Gg /x], j};] sfd ;Hhg sf]
s/gf rflxP .

#= sfdldYofrf/–Jolerf/ gxL+ s/gf

sf]O{ Ps cfbdL cf s/ ckg] axgf]+ of kl/jf/ s] ls;L eL n8sL sf] sfdldYofrf/–Jolerf/ s/] tf]
lgZro xL xd] cR5f gxL+ nu]uf, dg d]+ ax't u':;f cfo]uf .
7Ls O;L t/x, xd j};f sfdldYofrf/ of Jolerf/ s/]+u] tf] pg nf]uf] sf] eL k;Gb gxL+ cfo]uf, a"/f nu]uf,
j|mf]w cfo]uf .

7
ox aft hfg s/ xd]+ sfdldYofrf/–Jolerf/ ;] b"/ xL /xgf rflxP .
Ps k'¿if b";/] sL :qL sf] lauf8gf Jolerf/ x} .
Ps :qL b";/] s] k'?if sf] lauf8gf Jolerf/ x} .
k/:qL of k/k'¿if udg s/gf Jolerf/ x} .
sfd ldYofrf/ s/gf xL Jolerf/ x} .

Jolerf/ k"0f{ xf]g] s] lnP % c+u k"/f xf]gf rflxP, lh;] af}4 ;flxTo d]+ O; t/x pNn]v lsof uof x}—
!_ b";/] s] k'?if÷:qL xf]gf,
@_ ox aft v'b sf] dfn'd /xgf,
#_ sfd ldYofrf/ s/g] sL OR5f xf]gf,
$_ p;s] lnP k|oTg s/gf, cf}/
%_ sfd ldYofrf/ d]+ ;kmn xf]gf .
lh; t/x Ps a8] kj{t s] pk/ Ps a8f ;f kTy/ n] s/ hfgf ax't d'lZsn x} . lstg] nf]u ldn s/ lstg]
kl/>d s/g] s] afb p;] pk/ n] hf kfo]uf .
du/ p;L kTy/ sf] pk/ ;] gLr] kx'+rfgf xf] tf] lstg] cf;fgL ;] Ps xL wSs] d]+ gLr] kx'+r hfo]uf .
p;L t/x hLjg d]+ OHht sdfgf d'lZsn x}+, ;f/f hLjg lattf x}+, du/ p;] ujfgf ax't cf;fg x}, sf]O{ eL
Ps kfk–sd{ s/f], zLz] sL t/x rsgfr'/ xf] hfo]uf .
O;L lnP, hLjg d]+ xd]zf unt sfd ;] cnu xL /xgf rflxP, oxL tyfut a'4 s] pkb]z x}+ .

$= c;To–´"7 gxL+ af]ngf

lagf sf]O{ jhx ls;L g] xd]+ ´"7 af]nf, c;To af]n s/ 5n lsof tf] xd]+ cR5f gxL+ nutf, u':;f cf hftf
x} .
cu/ xdf/L hLjg d]+ a8f xL xfgL xf]g] jfn] c;To aft]+ ls;L g]+ af]nf tf] lkm/ s};] cR5f nu]uf <
7Ls O;L t/x, v'b eL ´"7 af]n] tf] b";/f]+ sf] eL j};f xL xf]tf x}, ox hfg s/ c;To gxL+ af]ngf rflxP, ´"7
af]n s/ 5n gxL+ s/gf rflxP .
c;To Sof x} <
hf] x}, p;] gxL+ x} cf}/ hf] gxL+ x}, p;] x} sxgf c;To x} .
lh;] lsof x}, p;] gxL+ lsof x} cf}/ lh;] gxL+ lsof x}, p;] lsof x} sxgf c;To x} .
lh;] b]vf x}, p;] b]vf gxL+ x} cf}/ lh;] b]vf gxL+ x}, p;] b]vf x} sxgf c;To x} .
lh;] vfof x}, p;] gxL+ vfof x} cf}/ lh;] gxL+ vfof x}, p;] vfof x} sxgf c;To x} .

8
lh;] 5'jf x}, p;] 5'jf gxL+ x} cf}/ lh;] gxL+ 5'jf x}, p;] 5'jf x} sxgf c;To x} .
unt–unt aft]+ atf s/ nf]uf]+ sf] b'Mv–si6 b]gf eL c;To x} .
c;To af]ngf gxL+ rflxP, O; ;] xd]zf b"/ xL /xgf lxt cf}/ sNof0f s] kIf d]+ x} .
af}4 ;flxTo d]+ c;To xf]g] s] lnP % c+u s] ljifo d]+ pNn]v lsof x} . h};] ls—
!_ c;To aft xf]gf,
@_ c;To x} sx s/ dfn'd xf]gf,
#_ c;To af]ng] sL OR5f xf]gf,
$_ c;To af]ng] sL k|oTg s/gf, cf}/
%_ c;To af]ng] d]+ ;kmn xf]gf .
lh; t/x sf]O{ xd]+ c;To–´"7 af]n s/ b'Mv kx'r
+ fof tf] xd]+ cR5f gxL+ nutf, 5n–k|k~r lsof tf] cR5f
gxL+ nutf, p;L t/x b";/f]+ sf] eL cR5f gxL+ nu]uf .
ox aft hfg s/ xd]zf c;To–´"7 aft]+ ;] b"/ xL /xgf lxt cf}/ sNof0fsf/L /xtf x}, P];f tyfut a'4 g]
atfof x}+ .

%= cDdn kbfy{ ;]jg gxL+ s/gf

ckg] xL lktfhL ;/fa kLs], cDdn kbfy{ ;]jg s/s] 3/ d]+ cfof cf}/ ckg] df+ sf] df/g] nuf, ;eL sf]
ufnL b]g] nuf tf] Sof xd]+ cR5f nu]uf <
b";/] eL sf]O{ ;/fa kLs] k"/] df]xNn] d]+ lrNnfgf, /f:t] d]+ n8v8fgf, u6/ d]+ lu/ hfgf h};f b]v s/ Sof xd]+
cR5f nu]uf <
laNs'n eL cR5f gxL+ nu]uf, ox ;To x} .
lh; t/x b";/] nf]u of ckg] xL lktfhL eL ;/fa h};] cDdn kbfy{ ;]jg s/s] unt s/]+ tf] xd]+ cR5f gxL+
nutf, 7Ls j};] xL xd eL P];f s/]+u] tf] b";/f]+ sf] eL cR5f gxL+ nu]uf .
ckg] cfk sf] pbfx/0f s] ?k d]+ /v s/ P];L ;/fa h};] cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ kLg] ;] b"/ xL /xgf rflxP .
lh; rLh sf] ;]jg s/g] ;] ckg] xf]z vf] a}7tf x}, ls;L eL k|sf/ s] cR5]–a"/], of]Uo–cof]Uo kxrfg gxL+
kfo]+u], P];L rLh sf] cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ sxt] x} .
lh; rLh sf] ;]jg s/g] ;] ckg] cGb/ ;] cs'zn kfk–sd{ d]+ yf]8f eL z/d afls gxL+ /x]uf, yf]8f eL 8/
gxL+ /x]uf, j};L rLh sf] cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ sxt] x} .
xdf/] cfFvf]+ ;] lbvg] jfnf ;/fa, lao/, l;u/]6 cflb ;] n] s/ a8] ;] a8] r/;, clkmd cflb ;a cDdn
gzfn' kbfy{ xL x} .

9
cDdn kbfy{ ;]jg k"0f{ xf]g] s] lnP af}4 ;flxTo d]+ % c+u O; t/x pNn]v lsof uof x}—
!_ cDdn kbfy{ xf]gf,
@_ cDdn x} sx s/ dfn'd xf]gf,
#_ cDdn kLg]÷vfg] sL OR5f /xgf,
$_ cDdn kLg]÷vfg] sL k|oTg s/gf,
%_ cDdn kLg]÷vfg] d]+ ;kmn xf]gf .
cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ ;]jg gxL+ s/gf rflxP, seL eL O; sf] cfbt gxL+ agfgf rflxP, oxL xdf/] lxt cf}/
sNof0f s] sf/0f x} .
dhfs dhfs d]+ eL, rfxt rfxt d]+ eL, sf]O{ cR5] v'zL s] df}sf x} sx s/ eL, sf]O{ b'Mvb aft x} sx s/
eL, ls;L eL axfg] agf s/ eL hLjg d]+ cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ sf] ckgL bf]:t of ;xf/f gxL+ agfgf rflxP, oxL
a'l4dfgL x} .

cy{;lxt k~rzLn k|fy{gf ljlw

ljxf/ s] cGb/ xf] of afx/, sxL+ eL seL eL af}4 sfo{jm| d xf]tf x} tf] ;a;] kxn] k~rzLn k|fy{gf xL s/t]
x} .
a'4, wDd cf}/ ;+3 s] z/0f d]+ hf s/ ckg] cfr/0f z'4 s/g] sL b[9 ;+sNk s/gf xL k~rzLn k|fy{gf x} .
k~rzLn k|fy{gf s/g] ;] kxn] ;a;] kxn] tyfut a'4 sf] tLg af/ k~rf+u jGbgf of gd:sf/ s/gf rflxP .
bf] 3'6\g], bf] xft cf}/ dfyf -d:ts_ sf] Ps xL ;fy hdLg d]+ 6]s s/ k|0ffd s/gf k~rf+u jGbgf x} .
p;s] afb ;fdg] pkl:yt x'P ;eL leIf';+3 sf] k~rf+u jGbgf s/gf rflxP .
p;s] afb ;eL pkf;s–pkfl;sf+P ;fd"lxs ?k ;] Ifdf–ofrgf åf/f k~rzLn k|fy{gf k|f/De s/t] x} .
kfln efiff d]+ k~rzLn k|fy{gf s/gf cf}/ p;sf cy{ eL ;fy d]+ /v s/ oxfF O; t/x lbvft] x} .

k+rzLn ofrgf
Ifdf ofrgf
cf]sf; jGbfld eGt] Û åf/Qo]g st+ ;Aa+ ck/fw+ vdy d] eGt] .
— cjsfz bLlhP eGt], jGbfld Û d]/] z/L/, jrg cf}/ dg tLgf]+ åf/ ;] hf] ck/fw x'P xf]+u], pg ;a sf] Ifdf s/]+ .
b'ltolDk=== -b";/L af/ eL_
tltolDk===== -tL;/L af/ eL_

10
lqz/0f ofrgf
cf]sf; cx+ eGt] Û lt;/0f]g ;x k+r;Ln+ wDd+ ofrfld, cg'Uux+ sTjf ;Ln+ b]y d] eGt] .
— cjsfz bLlhP eGt], d}+ lqz/0f s] ;fy k+rzLn wDd ofrgf s/tf x" + . cg'sDkf k"js
{ d'´] zLn k|bfg
s/] + .
b'ltolDk=== -b";/L af/ eL_
tltolDk===== -tL;/L af/ eL_

a'4–gd:sf/
gdf] t:; eujtf] c/xtf] ;Ddf;Da'4:; .-#_
— pg eujfg cx{t ;Dos ;Da'4 sf] gd:sf/ x} .

lqz/0f udg
a'4+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— d}+ a'4 sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
wDd+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— d}+ wDd sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
;+3+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— d}+ ;+3 sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
b'ltolDk a'4+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— b";/L af/ eL, d}+ a'4 sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
b'ltolDk wDd+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— b";/L af/ eL, d}+ wDd sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
b'ltolDk ;+3+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— b";/L af/ eL, d}+ ;+3 sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
tltolDk a'4+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— tL;/L af/ eL, d}+ a'4 sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
tltolDk wDd+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— tL;/L af/ eL, d}+ wDd sL z/0f hftf x"+ .
tltolDk ;+3+ ;/0f+ uR5fld .
— tL;/L af/ eL, d}+ ;+3 sL z/0f hftf x"+ .

k+rzLn u|x0f
!_ kf0ffltkftf j]/d0fL l;Svfkb+ ;dflbofld .
— d}+ k|f0fL–lx+;f ;] lj/t /xg] sL lzIff u|x0f s/tf x"+ .
@_ clbGgfbfgf j]/d0fL l;Svfkb+ ;dflbofld .
— d}+ rf]/L ;] lj/t /xg] sL lzIff u|x0f s/tf x"+ .
11
#_ sfd];–' ldR5frf/f j]/d0fL l;Svfkb+ ;dflbofld .
— d}+ Jolerf/ ;] lj/t /xg] sL lzIff u|x0f s/tf x"+ .
$_ d';fjfbf j]/d0fL l;Svfkb+ ;dflbofld .
— d}+ ´"7 af]ng] ;] lj/t /xg] sL lzIff u|x0f s/tf x"+ .
%_ ;'/fd]/odHhkdfb6\7fgf j]/d0fL l;Svfkb+ ;dflbofld .
— d}+ ;'/f -kSsL z/fa_, d]/o -sRrL z/fa_, dB cf}/ gzLnL rLhf]+ j k|dfb -h'P_ cflb ;] lj/t /xg] sL lzIff
u|x0f s/tf x"+ .
;fw' Û ;fw' ÛÛ ;fw' ÛÛÛ
a'4+ gdfld . wDd+ gdfld . ;+3+ gdfld .

k~rzLn s] dxTj M
a'4wDd d]+ k~rzLn sf dxTj Hofbf xL /xf x}+ . O;sf HjnGt pbfx/0f x}– lh; eL af}4 sfo{qmd k|f/De
s/g] ;] kxn] a'4–k'q leIf' -eGt]_ åf/f ;eL pkf;s–pkfl;sf+P k~rzLn k|fy{gf s/gf .
cu/ eGt] gf xf] tf] eL a'4–d"lt{ s] ;fdg] xL ;xL, ;a ldn s/ k~rzLn k|fy{gf s/t] x}+ .
x/ JolSt d]+ l5kf x'cf bf]if, unltof+ cf}/ cju'0ff]+ sf] v'b xL hfg s/ p; ;] b"/ /xg] s] lnP k~rzLn
k|fy{gf s/gf rflxP .
ckg] cGb/ /x] a"/] kfk k|j[lQof sf] Tofu s/ k~rzLn sL wf/0ff s/gf rflxP .
ckg] cfr/0f–Jojxf/ d]+ lgd{ntf cf}/ lgbf]{iftf sfod s/s] ;eL s] ;fy d}qL–s?0ff k"j{s Ps cfk; d]+
ldn–h'n s/ /xg] s] lnP k~rzLn sf k|fy{gf s/gf rflxP .
;+If]k d]+ sx] tf], ckg] cfr/0f d]+ /x] cs'zn cf}/ a"/] cfbtf]+ sf] 5f]8 s/ s'zn cf}/ cR5] cfbt agfg]
s] lnP, z/L/ cf}/ jf0fL sf] ;'4 s/s] lrQ sf] eL kl/z'4 agfg] s] lnP k~rzLn sf k|fy{gf cf}/ Jojxf/ d]+
kfngf s/gf rflxP .
ox eL ofb /xgf rflxP, k~rzLn k|fy{gf s/gf a8L aft gxL+ x}, alNs p;] kfng s/gf xL dxTjk"0f{ aft
x} .

zLn ljgf s] hLjg M

O; ;+;f/ d]+ b]vf hfP tf] cfwf ;] eL ax't Hofbf nf]uf]+ sf] ox eL ktf gxL+ ls k~rzLn sf}g ;] lrl8of
s] gfd x} .
 cu/ Hofbf;] Hofbf nf]uf]+ sf] k~rzLn dfn'd eL gxL x} tf] p;sf kfng s};] ;+ej xf] ;stf x}, ox
;f]rgLo x} .
cu/ P];f x} tf], O; t/x eL So"+ gf ;f]rf hfo] <
O; ;+;f/ d]+ cu/ k~rzLn eL dfn'd gxL+ x} tf] sf]O{ JolSt p;sf kfng xL enf s};] s/ kfo]uf <

12
cu/ ls;L JolSt s] hLjg d]+ k~rzLn eL kfng gxL+ xf]tf xf] tf] p;s] rl/q d]+ sf]O{ s};] ljZjf; s/
kfo]uf <
P];] JolSt v'b sf] eL s};] cf}/ ls; t/x cg'zfl;t cf}/ ;+oldt s/ kfo]uf <
P];] zLn eL kfng gf s/g] jfnf]+ ls kl/jf/ s};f /x]uf <
P];] kl/jf/f]+ ;] e/f df]xNnf cf}/ ;dfh s};f /x]uf <
P];] ;dfhf]+ ;] e/f /fi6« cf}/ b]z s};f /x]uf <
P];] b]zf]+ ;] e/f ox b'lgofF s};f /x]uf <
P];] d]+ ox b'n{e dg'io hLjg sf cl:tTj Sof /x kfo]uf <
ox aft xd]+ ;f]rgf eL rflxP cf}/ cR5] aftf]+ sf] hNb ;] hNb kfng eL s/gf rflxP .
ckgf ;f/f hLjg ckg] cfr/0f–Jojxf/ kl/z'4 s/g] d]+, zLnjfg agg] d]+ ;dlk{t TofuL–k|jl| ht nf]u eL
seL–seL xf]z vf] a}7tf x}, b'ZzLn cf}/ e|i6 sfo{ s/ a}7tf x}, b'u{lt d]+ ktg xf] hftf x} .
tf] ;f]rgf xL rflxP,
!_ k~rzLn zAb eL seL gf ;'gf, gf hfgf nf]u,
@_ k~rzLn ;'g s/ eL p;] kfng s/g] d]+ yf]8f eL Wofg gf b]g] jfn] nf]u,
#_ k~rzLn kfng s/g] d]+ Wofg b] s/ eL sf]O{ Ps g Ps zLn sf] lauf8t] xL /xg] jfn] nf]u,
lgZro ?k ;] xL ;/ s] an k/ lu/ s/ b'u{lt d]+ xL ktg xf]gf cjZoDefjL x} .

k~rzLnM cf;fg of d'lZsn

k~rzLn s] kfFr zLn b]vg] d]+ ax't xL cf;fg x}+, p;] kfng s/g] d]+ h/f ;f eL d'lZsn gxL+ nutf .

du/ O;] kfng s/t] ;do ax't xL d'lZsn cf k8tL x}, P];f cEof; s/g] jfn] nf]u sxt] /xt] x}+ .
b]vf hfP tf] x/ ls;L sf] ax't xL cf;fg x} ox aft]+, ox zLn,
– ls;L sf] gf df/gf tf] x} . enf ls; sf] df/gf x} <
– rf]/L gxL+ s/gf tf] x} . ls; sL Sof rLh r'/fs] hLgf x} <
– sfdldYofrf/–Jolerf/ gxL+ s/gf tf] x} . ox gxL+ s/g] ;] sf]O{ Sof d/tf x} <
– c;To–´"7 gxL+ af]ngf tf] x} . enf ls; sf] 7u s/ hLgf x} <
– cDdn kbfy{ ;]jg gxL+ s/gf tf] x} . O; s] lagf sf]O{ Sof d/tf x} <
xf+, ;xL d]+, ox aft]+ lhtgf af]ng] d]+ cf;fg x}, s/g] d]+ ax't xL d'lZsn x} .

cu/ O;] lg/Gt/ cEof; s/s] kfng s/g] d]+ nu] /x]+u] tf], xf+, lh; t/x O;] aft]+ s/g] d]+ cf;fg x}, kfng
s/g] d]+ eL cf;fg xL /x]uf .

13
tyfut a'4 g] Ps ;do pkb]z b]t] x'P sxf x}+– hLjg d]+ ox k~rzLn eL cR5] t/x ;] kfng s/]+u] tf]
hLjg ;'v–zfGtdo ag]uf, ;'v–zfGtL s] lnP Ow/ pw/ 7f]s/] vf s/ 3'dgf gxL+ k8]uf .

pk;+xf/
a'4wDd d]+ zLn sf cfwf/ cf}/ dxTj Hofbf xL x} . z/L/ d]+ ;/ sL t/x zLn sf dxTj /xtf x} .
tyfut a'4 g] cg]s ckg] pkb]zf]+ d]+ zLn sf pkb]z lbof x} .
zLn d]+ eL u[x:y nf]uf]+ s] lnP tyfut a'4 g] k~rzLn sf pkb]z lbof x}+ .
k~rzLn sf k|fy{gf x/ af}4 sfo{jm| d s] k|f/De d]+ xL lsof hftf x}, ox cR5] aft x} .
k~rzLn sf k|fy{gf s/gf xL gxL+, p;sf kfngf s/gf xL ;a;] a8L aft x}, P];f tyfut a'4 sf pkb]z x} + .
zLn kfng s/g] ;] hLjg a8f ;'vL cf}/ cfgGbdo agtf x}, b'Mv ;] 5'6sf/f ldntf x} .

zLn e+u s/g] ;] hLjg b'MvL cf}/ lrGtf u|:t ag hftf x}, ;'v ;] k/] rn] hftf x} .
zLn s] ;xL dfog] cf}/ cR5]–a"/] kmn sf] hfgt] x'P xd]zf zLn sf kfngf s/gf rflxP .
tyfut a'4 sf pkb]z wDdkb u|+y d]+ O; t/x eL cfof x}+—
of] r j:;;t+ hLj], b':;Lnf] c;dflxtf] .
Psfx+ hLljt+ ;]øof], ;LnjGt:; emflogf] ..@
cyf{t– lagf zLn cf}/ lagf ;+od s] ;f} ;fn hLg] ;] cR5f x} zLnjfg cf}/ WofgL ag s/ Ps xL lbg
hLgf .
;a sf d+un xf], ;a sf sNof0f xf] . ejt' ;Aa d+un+ .



14