SPICE LAB 2 WORK

WORK 1. What does this graph represent?

The graph represents the current provided by the current source versus the
voltage of the voltage source.

WORK 2. Delete the graph.

WORK 3. What do these graphs represent? Why are these 5 graphs
displayed? Understand the complex form of the command.

There are five currents because in the command line we chose to increment the
current source form 10µA to 50µA, therefore, we will have 5 currents. The
graphs represent the current given by the current source versus the voltage of
the voltage source.
WORK 4. Find in HELP menu the command from the second line
.step NPN 2N2222(Vaf) 100 50 25

WORK 4.1. Edit again the second command line, by varying βF according
to Annex page 6, from 35 to 100.
 WORK 5. Explain the command line using help menu
.ac oct 10 1 100Meg.

The command line will create an AC sweep with 10 steps per octave, starting
from a frequency of 1 Hz and ending to a frequency of 100 MHz.

WORK 6. Write down the voltage value extracted from the simulated ID-
VGG trace, in the place where ID becomes 1uA. What is the link with MOS
threshold voltage?.
At 1µA of current in the drain, the voltage of the source is about 480mV.
Applying Kirchhoff on the left eye, containing the VGG voltage source, we can
see that VGS=R2*VGG/(R1+R2), and from the known ID equation, we can
deduce that ID is proportional with the square of the VGG, which is why we also
have obtained half of a parabola in the simulation.

WORK 7 Watch the threshold voltage on simulated trace ID-VGG from

SPICE directive. How are related VGS and VGG?
VGS and VGG are related through a voltage divider formed with R1 and R2.
From the graph, the threshold voltage seems to be around 2V.
Work 8. Extract kn parameter. Write down the kn deduction.

Picking a set of values inside the non-saturation region if graph, we can

calculate kn as 2*ID/(VGS-VT0)^2, we will choose VT0 as the one deduced form
the graph. We obtain kn to be about 40.625.

WORK 9. Estimate and write down gm transconductance, first in an

analytical way then from the graph.
gm=kn*(VGS-VT0), therefore, gm is about 40*(VGS-2), being the slope of the
function in a given point.
From graphs, we can graph the expression 40*(VGG*2/3-2) to see the gm graph.
WORK 10. How can you display the "sub threshold conduction"?
We can visualize the sub threshold conduction by inputing into the graph the
expression (kn/2)*(VGS-VT0)^2

WORK 11 Realize and simulate the next current mirrors

Suplimentary WORKS
WORK 1. Adding new libraries
WORK 2+3 MODELS FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ; Simulate the next circuit:

WORK 5 DOUBLE CURRENT MIRROR