1.
cornice – set of crowning moldings that cap the
entablature in classical architecture
2. high altar - the main altar in a church. altar - a raised
structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made.
3. Palace of Nebuchadnezzar - was considered to be the most
magnificent building ever erected on earth.
-Babylon, Iraq
4. Sargon II's Palace (Dur-Sharrukin)
-The city of Khorsabad was built by King Sargon II, who
reigned from 722 to 705 BC, and abandoned when he died in
battle.
-Sargon's palace is an immediate predecessor of
Sennasherib's Palace, with its Hanging Gardens at Nineveh, to
the south west of Khorsabad.
5. truss and vault -
6. domical vault - (or cloister vault) a vault with four concave
surfaces (patches of cylinders) meeting at a point above the
center of the vault.
7. arch and vault –
8. ziggurat- a multi-storied temple tower from ancient
Mesopotamia
9. Holy Mountain –
10. mortuary temple- in ancient Egypt, place of worship of a
deceased king and the depository for food and objects
offered to the dead monarch
11. Amon-
12. Horus – (Temple of Edfu) an ancient Egyptian temple
located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of Edfu which
was known in Greco-Roman times as Apollonopolis Magna,
after the chief god Horus-Apollo.
- It is one of the best preserved temples in Egypt
- The temple, dedicated to the falcon god Horus, was built in
the Ptolemaic period between 237 and 57 BCE
13. Serapis – (The Serapeum of Alexandria, also known as the
Sarapeion) an ancient Greek temple located in Alexandria
dedicated to Serapis, the patron god of the city.
- Considered to be the most beautiful of Alexandria, it was
located southwest of the city on a small hill known as the
Acropolis
- Its foundations were created during the reign of Ptolemy I
Soter and the temple was finished during the reign of
Ptolemy III.
14. obelisk - a stone pillar, typically having a square or
rectangular cross section and a pyramidal top, set up as a
monument or landmark
15. pyramid - a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular
and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape
roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense
- ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs
and their queens
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA:
 the Great Pyramid- the only surviving structure out
of the famed seven wonders of the ancient world;
was built for Khufu (Cheops in Greek)
 the Great Sphinx- the middle pyramid at Giza was
built for Khufu’s son Khafre
-a unique feature built inside Khafre’s pyramid
complex was the Great Sphinx, a guardian statue
carved in limestone with the head of a man and the
body of a lion (largest statue in the ancient world,
measuring 240 feet long and 66 feet high
 The southernmost pyramid at Giza was built for
Khafre’s son Menkaure- the shortest of the three
pyramids (218 feet) and is a precursor of the
smaller pyramids
16. column - a vertical element, usually a rounded shaft with
a capital and a base, which in most cases serves as a support
17. cella- (latin for small chamber) or naos, is the inner
chamber of a temple in classical architecture, or a shop facing
the street in domestic Roman architecture, such as a domus
18. naos- greek for temple
19. serdab- meaning "cold water," is a tomb structure that
served as a chamber for the Ka statue of a deceased
individual
20. sphinx- a mythical creature with the body of a lion and
the head of a human.
21. pylons- monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple
- consists of two tapering towers, each surmounted by a
cornice, joined by a less elevated section which enclosed the
entrance between them
22. Pisa Cathedral- a medieval Roman Catholic cathedral
dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
-Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa, Italy
-notable example of Romanesque architecture, in particular
the style known as Pisan Romanesque
23. St. Peter's Basilica- an Italian Renaissance church in
Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome
24. trussed-
25. buttress- (or thrust) an exterior support projecting from a
wall that is used to resist the sideways force
26. columnar and trabeated- vertical columns or posts
supporting horizontal beams or lintels; expressed mainly in
pyramids and in temples
28. triglyph- a tablet in a Doric frieze with three vertical
grooves; triglyphs alternate with metopes
29. Osiris pillars- line a temple dedicated to Ramses II. Dead
pharaohs were spiritually linked with Osiris—the God who
ruled the Egyptian underworld
30. rock cave-
31.
32. tholus- also called beehive tomb, a circular building with a
conical or vaulted roof and with or without a peristyle, or
surrounding colonnade
33. menhir- standing stone, orthostat, lith or
masseba/matseva is a large manmade upright stone
34. trachelion- neck of a greek doric column between the
hypotrachelion grooves around the top of the shaft and the
annulets under the echinus.
35. metope- a rectangular architectural element that fills the
space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze, which is a
decorative band of alternating triglyphs and metopes above
the architrave of a building of the Doric order.
36. dentil- one of a number of small, rectangular blocks
resembling teeth and used as a decoration under the soffit of
a cornice.
37.

38. Ionic- its distinguishing feature is the twin volutes, or

spiral scrolls, of its capital
39. Doric- (earliest) the simplest of the orders, characterized
by short, faceted, heavy columns with plain,
round capitals (tops) and no base
40. Corinthian- the columns were thin and fluted; The style
tended to be slender and elegant
-very decorative capital with a design of scrolls and unfurled
acanthus leaves
41.