C M Y K C M Y K

xo b i s s iZ v el eni
gogita Citaia
Gogita Chitaia

xobis siZveleni
g ogita Citaia
Khobi Antiquities
xobis municipalitetis kulturuli
ISBN 978-9941-461-85-9
memkvidreobis obieqtebi
Sites of the Cultural Heritage of
Khobi Municipality
9 789941 461859
 gogita Citaia
Gogita Chitaia

xobis siZveleni
Khobi Antiquities
xobis municipalitetis kulturuli memkvidreobis
obieqtebi
Sites of the Cultural Heritage of Khobi Municipality

xobis municipalitetis sakrebulo da meria

Tbilisi-xobi 2017
Sakrebulo and City Hall of Khobi Municipality
Tbilisi-Khobi 2017
redaqtori: anzor siWinava

recenzentebi: epifane (ediSer) gvenetaZe

istoriis doqtori, profesori
revaz papuaSvili
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

Editor: Anzor Sitchinava

Reviewers: Epiphane (Edisher) Gvenetadze

Doctor of History, Professor
Revaz Papuashvili
Doctor of Historical Sciences

ISBN 978-9941-461-85-9

daibeWda stamba `saarSi~

 sarCevi
winaTqma..................................................................................................4
I xobis monasteri...................................................................................6
II eklesiebi........................................................................................... 89
III cixe-koSkebi da sxva nagebobebi.................................................... 106
IV naeklesiarebi................................................................................. 121
V saflavis qvebi................................................................................ 125
VI muzeumebi........................................................................................ 126
VII arqeologiuri obieqtebi............................................................. 128
VIII afxazeTis kaTalikosis grigol lorTqifaniZis
wyalobis wigni SuSaniebisadmi......................................................... 167
Summary............................................................................................... 169
Резюме................................................................................................. 171
danarTi 1............................................................................................ 173
danarTi 2............................................................................................ 177
danarTi 3............................................................................................ 181
danarTi 4............................................................................................ 182
danarTi 5............................................................................................ 182
danarTi 6............................................................................................ 183
danarTi 7............................................................................................ 183
SeniSvnebi............................................................................................ 184
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura......................................... 185

3
 winaTqma
winaprebis mier Seqmnil kulturul memkvidreobas movla-pa-
tronoba da dacva sWirdeba, sxvanairad is ver iqneba xelmisawvdomi
STamomavlobisaTvis. warsulSi bevri taZari, cixe-koSki da sasaxle
daingra, ganadgurda. siZveleebs safrTxeebi dResac emuqreba. Cveni
valdebulebaa maTi dacva da momavali TaobebisaTvis gadacema.
xobis municipalitetis gamgeobisa da sakrebulos mxardaWeriT
ramdenime wlis muSaobis Sedegad aRvricxeT kulturuli memkvidre-
obis 275 obieqti. aqedan eklesia _ 16, naeklesiari _ 31, cixe koSki
da sxva nageboba _ 21, arqeologiuri obieqti _ 207. es imas ar niSna-
vs, rom yvelaferi aRricxulia. rigi mizezebis gamo, sustad gvaqvs
Seswavlili mdinareebs rion-fiCorisa da Wuriasa da xobiswylis
qvemowels Soris mdebare Waobiani tyeebi. es adgilebi kolxeTis
erovnuli parkis teritoriaSi eqceva, sadac yovelgvari miwis samu-
Saoebi akrZalulia da aq arsebuli Zeglebi bunebrivad aris daculni.
kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtebis koordinatebi davafiqsireT
satelituri xelsawyoTi (GPS) UTM-is sakordinacio badis meSveobiT.
aucilebelia am monacemebis gaTvaliswineba qalaqmSeneblobisa da
sakadastro rukebis Sedgenisas.
Cvens mier aRricxuli kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtebis
umravlesobis Sesaxeb istoriuli wyaroebi arafers amboben, bevri
maTgani saerTod ucnobia mecnierebisa da farTo sazogadoebisaTvis.
Cvens regionSi arsebul siZveleTa Soris gansakuTrebuli ad-
gili xobis monasters ukavia. igi qristianuli samyaros erTerTi
umniSvnelovanesi centri iyo, radgan aq `msvenarebda~ yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis kvarTi, ioane naTlismcemlis, wm. giorgi mTavarmowamis
nawilebi, wminda marines mklavi, wm. kvirikes xelis mtevani, macxo-
vris wveris ramdenime Reri, Rrubeli, romliTac jvarze gakrul
macxovars Zmari miawodes, Zelicxovlis nawili, Tamar mefis dedis
bordoxan dedoflis mravalnawiliani xati, daviT aRmaSeneblis sawi-
namZRvro da Tamar mefis gulsakidi jvrebi, uZvirfasesi xatebi...
xobis monasteri ZvelTaganve izidavda rogorc adgilobriv, aseve
ucxoel momlocvelebs, mecnierebs, mogzaurebs. ar cdeba avtori,
romelmac 1899 wlis 3 seqtembris gazeT `cnobis furcelSi~ xobis sa-
locavs `samegrelos ZvelTa-Zveli siamaye, monasteri~ uwoda (1; N 907).
aseve mniSvnelovania municipalitetis teritoriaze arsebuli sxva sae-
klesio da saero nagebobebi, romlebzec masalebs vTavazobT mkiTxvels.
kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb Cveni mokrZalebuli naSromi,
gzamkvlevis funqcias Seasrulebs da zogad warmodgenas Seuqm-
nis sazogadoebas, moswavle-axalgazrdobas; xels Seuwyobs ZeglTa

4
dacviTa da SeswavliT dainteresebul pirebsa da dawesebulebebs
dasaxon gzebi da saSualebebi, imisaTvis, rom daicvan da momaval
Taobebs Seunaxon isini.
unda aRvniSnoT foTisa da xobis mitropolit grigolis, eparqiis
samRvdelo dasis da maT Soris xobis monastris moZRvris dekanoz
ilia lomaiasa da iRumenia anas (museliani) uaRresad faqizi damoki-
debuleba kulturuli memkvidreobisadmi. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris
TaosnobiT moewyo araerTi samecniero-dazverviTi xasiaTis savele
gasvla istoriul Zeglebze, Catarda konferenciebi (sur. 4. 5.).
wignze muSaobis procesSi gvqonda urTierToba mecnierebTan:
revaz da nana papuaSvilebTan, iulon gagoSiZesTan, vaxtang jafa-
riZesTan, daviT lomitaSvilTan, leri jiblaZesTan, roland isa-
kaZesTan, Salva buaZesTan, Tengiz esebuasTan, laSa jiqiasTan, el-
dar bubulaSvilTan, joni afaqiZesTan, paata cxadaiasTan, baadur
kupreiSvilTan, irine elizbaraSvilTan, qeTevan abaSiZesTan, Tamar
nemsaZesTan, rusudan guramiSvilTan, anzor siWinavasTan, mixeil qa-
vTariasTan, Temo jojuasTan, Tea qarTveliSvilTan, buba kudavasTan,
levan WabaSvilTan... (sur. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.).
gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT gvinda movixsenioT aw gansvenebu-
li, Rvawlmosili mkvlevarebi: iuza xuskivaZe, Tamaz beraZe da neli
kobaxiZe.

sur. 1 saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqi ilia II xobis monasterSi.

1989 w. 16 seqtemberi

5
 I xobis monasteri
xobis monasteri da misi Semogareni Tavisi unikaluri landSaf-
tur-geografiuli da kulturuli memkvidreobis mravalferovnebiT
Zalian mimzidvelia samecniero da turistuli TvalsazrisiT. mas
erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis Zeglis statusi aqvs miniWebuli.
mdebareobs xobis municipalitetis sofel nojixevSi, bias mTebis da-
savleT boloSi, mdinare xobiswylis marcxena napirze. qalaq xobidan
igi daSorebulia daaxloebiT sami kilometriT. misi koordinatebia:
0739484 _ 4691201;
Suasaukuneebis sabuTebSi salocavs xofis monasters uwodeben,
XIX saukuneSi Cndeba `xopi~, xolo XX saukunidan xobi qvia. misi war-
momavloba da mniSvneloba ucnobia. `xofi, xopi friad gacrcelebuli
saxelia; xofi an xofisi, orxofia, xofoTi hqvia an erqva dasaxlebul
adgilebs, xeobebs, mdinareebs samegreloSi, imereTSi (s. obCa), afxa-
zeTSi (gudauTis raioni), svaneTSi (lentexis raioni), qarTlSi (qsnis
xeoba _ axalgoris raioni; algeTis xeoba _ TeTriwyaros raioni),
istoriul lazeTSi, soWis mxares, mdinare Saxes auzSi (dRevandeli
samxreT ruseTi), daRestanSi ...salocavebs: RvTismSoblis miZinebis
monasters samegreloSi, ioane naTlismcemlis monasters qsnis xeobaSi,
wm. giorgis eklesias imereTSi, wm. giorgis eklesias lentexis raionSi...
yurZnis erT-erT jiSs xofura hqvia...~ (2; 3).
legendebi Rirsebas matebs movlenebsa da pirovnebebs. simbolu-
ria, rom xobis sataZro dResaswaulis dRes _ 2008 wlis 28 agvistos
mariamoba-maraSinobas monastris ezoSi pirvelad gamovlinda qris-
tesSobamdeli namosaxlarebi, xolo 2010 wlis 12 agvistos cotneobas
taZridan 300 metrSi adreqristianuli xanis naeklesiari dafiqsirda.
2009 wlis zafxulSi dawyebulma arqeologiurma samuSaoebma faqtiu-
rad legendebis gacocxleba daiwyo xobis taZarze, monasterze xalxSi
dRemde SemorCenilia Tqmulebebi.
xalxuri gadmocemebiT xobis taZris ageba gubaz mefis, daviT
aRmaSeneblis, Tamar mefisa da cotne dadianis saxelebs ukavSirdeba,
am gadmocemebs albaT swored is faqtori aZlierebda, rom xobSi iyo
dasvenebuli daviT aRmaSeneblis sawinamZRvro (sur. 9.) da Tamar mefis
gulsakidi (sur. 10) jvrebi. VI saukunis avtoris agaTia sqolastikosis
cnobiT egrisis mefe gubazi 554 wels mdinare xobiswylis piras Ra-
latiT mokles bizantielebma (3; 49-50). misi cnobiT, rodesac gubazs
gaugia, rom masTan modiodnen bizantieli sardlebi, radganac ar elo-
da Ralats, mcire amaliT Segebebia maT mdinare xobiswyalTan (3; 48).
gubaz mefe SesaZloa dabanakebuli yofiliyo xobis monasterTan axlos
mdebare jaxuTis cixeSi da am adgilTan axlos mokles bizantielebma.

6
 gadmocemiT iq, sadac dRes xobis monasteria egriselebs gubazis
xsovnis pativsacemad augiaT eklesia, amis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia nodar
Sonias (4;332) da zurab axalaias SromebSi (5;126), agreTve samegrelos
Sesaxeb rusulenovan sacnobaro xasiaTis wignSi (6;17). gansxvavebuli
mosazreba gaaCnia dimitri baqraZes, is Tvlis, rom gubaz mefe bizan-
tielebma sofel xorgasTan mokles (10; N 62).
xobis monastris midamoebSi gubaz mefis mkvlelobis Sesaxeb gad-
mocemebi CaviwereT xobelebis: klimenti mixeilis Ze qanTariasagan
(dabadebuli 1926 wels), amiran giorgis (JorJis) Ze dolbaZisagan (da-
badebuli 1953 wels), romelsac amis Sesaxeb Tavisi biZis respublikis
damsaxurebuli ekonomistis kapiton dolbaZisagan gaugia, xobis mo-
nasterTan mcxovreb pedagog aleqsandre (saSa) arCaias (dabadebuli
1941 wels), Tavisi mamis kondratesagan (dabadebuli 1887 wels) gaugia
da Cauweria gubaz mefis monasterTan daRupvis ambavi, xolo dedis,
mariamisagan codnia, xobis monasterSi cotne dadianis saZvalis ar-
sebobis Sesaxeb. saSas deda xobis monastris winamZRvar arqimandrit
Sio qviliTaias (1915-1928) disSvili iyo. mdinare xobiswylisa da Wa-
niswylis SesarTavTan, xobis monastris CrdiloeTiT, 2 kilometris
daSorebiT mdebareobs adrefeodaluri xanis jaxuTis cixe, romlis
Sesaxeb qvemoT gveqneba saubari. sofel pirvel maisSi mcxovrebi Zmebis
lado da laSa buskanZeebis cnobiT arsebobs Tqmuleba, rom gubaz mefe
swored am midamoebSi mouklavT bizantielebs.
1887 wels nojixevis skolis maswavlebeli m. lifonava gazeT `ive-
riaSi~ werda: `xalxi ambobs, rom viTomc es monasteri daviT aRmaSe-
neblis droisa iyos~ (7; N 208). didma mgosanma akaki wereTelma xobis
monastersa da cotne dadians miuZRvna 1897 wels dawerili poema
`naTela~, romelic xalxSi SemorCenil Tqmulebebs da istoriul wya-
roebs eyrdnoba.
Tedo saxokias mixedviT, `noqalaqevSi (samegreloSi) md. texuris
marcxena napiras, iq, sadac noqalaqevis cnobili cixe Tavdeba, dRe-
mde darCenilia qvitkiris eklesia, gaSenebuli XI saukuneSi. amboben,
martvilisa, noqalaqevis da xobis taZrebi erTsa da imave dros aris
gaSenebulio~ (8; 115).
akaki Wanturias 1926 wels Cauweria, rom gadmocemiT xorSis ma-
cxovris karis VII-IX saukuneebis eklesia xobis monastris zusti geg-
miT yofila aSenebuli xobis monastris xuroTmoZRvris mier (9; 182).
xorSis macxovriskaris eklesia mdebareobs senakis municipalitetis
sofel xorSSi, misi koordinatebia: 0253204 4694206.
1999 wels saintereso Tqmuleba CaviwereT sofel nojixevSi mcxo-
vreb 1942 wels dabadebul, jemal jorjikiasagan, romelic mas Tavisi

7
mamis levan jorjikiasagan gaugia: `erTxel, cotne dadiani xobiswylis
piras nadirobda. iq, sadac dRes xobis monasteri mdebareobs, gauvali
tye yofila. cotnes daRamebia da Rame vinme kitias (gvaria. g.C.) ojaxSi
gauTevia. dadians meore dRes gaugrZelebia nadiroba da taxi mou-
klavs, xolo iq, sadac dRes monasteria, dangreuli eklesia unaxavs.
mas kitiasaTvis dauvalebia, eklesiis midamoebi gaekafa. Semdeg cotne
dadians iq axali eklesia augia~ (2; 4).
rafiel erisTavis cnobiT, 1855 wels xobSi dabanakebul Turqebs
gadauwyvetiaT xobis monasteri Tofiswamlis sawyobad gadaeqciaT.
maT, erTxel saRamos unaxavT, rom monasters naTeli dasdgomia.
momdevno Rames kidev ufro ganaTebula iqauroba... berebi da ad-
gilobrivi mosaxleoba pirjvars iwerdnen, loculobdnen da amas
kargis momaswavleblad miiCnevdnen. Turqebma am ucnauri movlenis
Sesaxeb TavianT sardlobas acnobes da maTgan miiRes brZaneba, maSin-
ve daetovebinaT monasteri, raTa ar gamxdariyvnen raime `eSmakobis~
msxverplni (10; N 76).
mRvdelmonazon kalistrates (CiCua) mixedviT: `...1891 w. xopis mo-
nasteri gastexes da gaitanes es siwminde (kvarTi. g.C.) Tavis kuboianad,
avazaki ar Seexo arc erTi zemo CamoTvlil Zvirfas xat-jvars, aramed
mxolod es siwminde gaitana... es ambavi gaigo xalxma Tu ara, zaris xmas-
Tan igriala da Semoertya taZars: kaci da qali, didi da patara, gamou-
Tqmelis mwuxarebiT aRvsilni ...nurc beri da nuca eri nuRar viqnebiT
cocxalni, Tu es siwminde dagvekargao. ...ar gauvlia sam dRe-Rames,
es kvarTis kubo, xeluxleblad monastris maxlobel alagze buCqSi
daasvena, sadac Ramis wyvdiadSi zecidan TiTqos cecxlis naperwklebi
gamodiso, es SeniSnes Ramis mogzaurT da soflis mcxovrebT, sadac
mividnen da ipovnes es kubo, win sanTeliT...~ (11; 29-30).
sofel nojixevSi _ monastris ubnis mcxovreb, 1946 wels dabade-
bul gigla kitiasgan saintereso gadmocemebi CaviwereT. mas Tavisi
dedis ekaterine (buta) kitiasagan gaugonia, rom xobi cotne dadia-
nis saZvalea. misive gadmocemiT rodesac kvarTis kubo gautacniaT,
qurdebi xeTamde Casulan, iq ki saSineli Weqa-quxili amtydara, maT
nabiji ver gadaudgamT win, SeSinebulan, dabrunebulan da kvarTis
kubo monastris dasavleTiT, xevSi dautovebiaT. roca kubo ipoves
erT-erT bers xelSi anTebuli sanTeli da Wadris xelketi sWeria,
romelic iqve miwaSi CaurWvia, zed sanTeli miumagrebia. kvarTis
kubo monasterSi gadausvenebiaT. bers joxi iq daviwynia, romelsac
Semdgom fesvebi gaudgams, totebi auyria da lamaz Wadris xed ga-
daqceula. es xe zamTar-zafxul SefoTlili yofila. mogvianebiT
igi erT biel kacs mouWria, romelic garkveuli drois Semdeg cxens
toris dartymiT mouklavs. Wadris gadanaWeridan ylortebi amosula,

8
erTi maTgani gazrdila, romelic aseve erT adgilobriv mcxovrebs
mouWria, es kacic gaurkvevel viTarebaSi daRupula.
1946 wels dabadebul xobel arCil torCinavas Tavisi bebiis, 1879
wels dabadebul ana Soniasagan gaugia, rodesac xobis monasterSi bol-
Sevikebi jvris Camosagdebad asulan saSineli Weqa-quxili amtydara.
taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs, XVII sauku-
neSi samegreloSi myofi aToneli berebis abesalomisa da iosafis
monaTxrobis mixedviT, ruseTis elCebi toloCanovi da ievlievi
aRniSnavdnen, rom xobis taZris aSenebas berZenTa keisar herakles
(VII s. I naxevari) miawereno (12;141). eqvTime TayaiSvilis ganmartebiT
`ara gvaqvs cnoba, Tu rodis aris monasteri aSenebuli, magram gegma
taZrisa, CuqurTma da stili Senobisa uCvenebs, rom Tavi monasteri
unda iyos agebuli ara ugvianes me-X-XI saukunisa, xolo dasavleTis
da samxreTis TaReb gaSlili Stoebi Semdeg aris miSenebuli, rac
cxadad emCneva: Stoebs daufaravs TaRebi da fanjrebi kedlebisa da
freskebi winandelis karisbWedan Sesavlisa. kidev ufro gvian me-XIV
saukuneSi amovsebulia TaRebi samxreTis Stoisa da gamzadebulia
ekvderi am nawilSi vamey dadianis mier~ (13; 132). vaxtang beriZe ta-
Zars XIII-XIV saukuneebis mijniT aTariRebs, Tumca ar gamoricxavs
momavali kvlevebis Sedegad daTariRebis daZvelebas (14; 78). nikodime
kondakovi xobis eklesiis agebis TariRad IX-X saukuneebs asaxelebs
(57; 80). mRvdelmonazon kalistrate CiCuas miaCnia, rom taZris amgebi
daviT aRmaSenebelia (1089-1125 ww.) (11; 54). mkvlevar daviT WiTanavas
azriT, `aq pirveladi eklesia IX-X saukuneebSi ukve unda arsebuliyo~
(15; 273).
xobis monasteri arqiteqturuli kompleqsia, igi Sedgeba taZris,
samreklos, galavnis, sakaTalikoso sasaxlisa da sxva nagebobaTa naS-
Tebisagan. (sur. 6. 7. 18. 19.).
taZari RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobisaa, misi zomebia sakur-
Txevlis gareSe 17 X 19.2 m, xolo sakurTxevlis CaTvliT 17 X 22.5 m.
igi samnaviania, aqvs gviandeli minaSenebi: samxreT aRmosavleTiT XIV
saukunis ekvderi, agreTve samxreTiT da dasavleTiT derefnebi, naSe-
nia kirqvis Tlili qvebiT, minaSenebze marmarilos filebi da svetebia
CarTuli. nageboba erT dros tyviis furclebiT yofila gadaxuru-
li. ugumbaTo Senobis kamarebi SigniT jvarovan sivrces, garedan ki
saxuravebi jvarovan moculobas qmnian. taZars rva sarkmeli da xuTi
kari aqvs. dasavleTi karibWe da aRmosavleTi fasadi sagangebod aris
morTuli CuqurTmebiT. karibWis marjvena mxares naxevarsvetis bazaze
amoWrilia asomTavruli _ doni. dasavleTis kedlis samxreT nawilSi
CaSenebulia kirqvis kvadri, romlis zomebia 40 X 38 sm, romelzedac
saintereso simboloebia gamosaxuli (sur. 52.).

9
 taZris SigniT xuTi moniSnuli saflavia, samxreT-dasavleT ekv-
derSi dasaflavebulia 1916 wels gardacvlili dimitri xaxus Ze Jva-
nia, sakurTxevlis win, marjvena mxares daviT da leon CiCuebi (+1806;
+1839.), xolo marcxniv giorgi xaxus Ze CiCua da misi meuRle mariamia
dakrZaluli (+1840. +1853). centrSi levan nikos Ze CiCuas saflavia,
xolo misgan CrdiloeTiT naxevarsvetTan dakrZalulia afxazeTis
mTavris qeleSbei ServaSiZis SviliSvilis Svili samson ServaSiZe, ro-
melic 1835 wels dabadebula da 1880 wels WrilobiT gardacvlila.
taZris dasavleT derefnis CrdiloeTiT iatakze Cadebulia saflavis
lodi, romelzedac warwera naxevrad gadaSlilia, masze ikiTxeba : `...
Tanamecxedreman misman ivaka giorgis Ze jorjikiam~... es ukanaskneli
XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi da XX saukunis damdegs xobis monastris
mamulebis mouravi iyo, saarqivo masalebidan irkveva, rom mas didi
winaaRmdegobebis daZleva uwevda monastris miwebis dasacavad, rad-
gan rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdgom samonastro miwebis
misakuTrebas cdilobdnen samegrelos mTavaric, Tavad-aznaurebic
da glexobac. ivakas vaJi, sazogado moRvawe da mwerali konstantine
(jaju) jorjikia 16 wlis iyo, rodesac 1901 wlis 18 seqtembers gazeT
`iveriaSi~ didma ilia WavWavaZem werili daubeWda (16;115). man daamTa-
vra safrangeTSi valabris sasoflo-sameurneo instituti. 1942 wlidan
1953 wlamde Tbilisis pirveli saSualo skolis direqtorad muSaobda
(17;36). ivakas siZeebi iyvnen levan Sengelaia da iona meunargia.
1911 wels xobis monasterSi daukrZalavT aTonis mTaze qarTvel-
Ta savanis aRmdgeni iRumeni benediqte (barkalaia); samwuxarod, misi
saflavi dakargulia (18; 172).
taZris samxreTiT ori saflavis lodi devs, marcxniv dasaflavebu-
lia mRvdeli Tadeoz nikolozis Ze sasania, igi 1907 wels gardacvli-
la. meore saflavis lodze warwera ar ikiTxeba. taZris ezoSi dasavle-
TiT 8 saflavis lodi devs, erTi ekuTvnis luka Sonias, iqve taZris
karibWis pirdapir dakrZalulia ivaka jorjikias simamri simon daviTis
Ze bolqvaZe (1814-1896), saflavis qvaze amokveTilia epitafia, romelic
iona meunargias Seudgenia: `qobuleTidan momgvara samegrelos da mi-
mirqva wmindis embazidan mTavarman levan grigolis Ze dadianma 1820
wels. mas vaxldi mTeli misi sicocxle, viTarca pirveli misi monadire
da man aRmavso yovlisa pativiTa da qonebiTa myo ra patroni aznauris
giorgi sajaias mamulisa sofel jaRras. amier soflidan ganved sofel
nojixevs sayvarelis Cemis asulis salome jorjikias saxlSi. RmerTo
daicev ojaxi Cemi da bednier hyav STamomavloba Cemi~ (19;16-17). ta-
Zris Crdilo-dasavleTiT, xuTiode metrSi, 1913 wels gardacvlili
ekaterine grigolis asul qavTaraZis saflavis lodi devs, xolo mar-
cxniv _ 1916 wels gardacvlil mixeil sabas Ze qavTariasi. moxucebis

10
gadmocemiT aqve ezoSi dakrZalulni arian: mRvdeli nestor sasania,
monastris mcveli XX saukunis 20-ian 30-ian wlebSi berde iosava da
1924 wlis ajanyebis aqtiuri monawile Tevdore bigvava, samwuxarod
aRniSnuli saflavebi moniSnuli ar aris da dakargulia.
monastris ezoSi sasuliero pirebTan erTad, sazogadoebaSi
garkveuli damsaxurebis mqone saero pirebsac krZalavdnen. aq adamia-
nis dakrZalva did pativad iTvleboda, amitom, miuxedavad sabWoTa
xelisuflebis mxridan akrZalvisa, zogierTma Wirisufalma moaxerxa
Tavisi micvalebuli monastris ezoSi daemarxa, amitomac aq ramdenime
axali, XX saukunis Sua xanebis saflavia.
1675 wels Sedgenil levan III dadianis sigelSi weria: `...rodisac
k˜zi odiSs mobrZandebodes xatsa, jvarsa da omforsa iq daasvenebdes
da sasaflaoTac is Segviwiravs...~ (20; 76-77). rafiel erisTavis mixe-
dviT: `aqa damarxul arian saCino igi gvamni, kaTalikozni, ilarion,
iovakime, nikoloz wulukiZe, grigor lorTqifaniZe. mTavarepisko-
posi evTimi faRava da kaTalikosi maqsime~ (21; 3). am pirTagan niko-
loz wulukiZe da ilarioni xobis taZarSi arian gamosaxulni. amJamad,
marTalia, maTi saflavebi ar Cans, magram zemoT Tqmuli cnobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia momavalSi maTi saflavebi aRmoCndes.
ar viciT saukuneebis manZilze ramden ber-monazons umoRvawia xobis
monasterSi, arc maTi saflavebi Cans da arc saZmo saZvale, romelic
wesiT unda hqonoda monasters.
is, Tu ratom ar Cans Zveli saflavebi amas nawilobriv pasuxi gas-
ca 2016 wels Catarebulma arqeologiurma kvlevebma da maTematikis
mecnierebaTa doqtoris jemal qirias iniciativiTa da ZalisxmeviT
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis geofizikis institutis gamoye-
nebiTi da eqsperimentaluri seqtoris mecnierebis mier xobis taZarsa
da sasaxles Soris mdebare teritoriaze Catarebulma arqeogeora-
diolokaciurma kvlevebma. irkveva, rom nagebobaTa naSTebs 2 dan 7
metramde miwis fena adevs. rac Seexeba arqeologiuri samuSaoebis
Sedegebs amaze qvemoT visaubrebT.
2000 wlis 23 dekembers taZris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi iatakis
saremonto samuSaoebis mimdinareobisas akldama aRmoCnda, romelsac
dasavleTiT hqonda oTxkurTxa brtyeli kirqvis sarqveli. akldamis
aRmosavleTis kedeli odnav momrgvalebulia, iataki qvisaa, romelsac
mTel sigrZeze gasdevs viwro Rari. kedlebi amoSenebulia sworad
gaTlili sxvadasxva zomis patara marTkuTxa kirqvis kvadrebiT. igi
qva-RorRiTa da miwiT amouvsiaT; erT-erT qvaze freskis fragmentic
SeiniSneboda, akldamaSi aRmoCnda cxra Tavis qala da Zvlebi. erT Ta-
vis qalas Subls zemoT marjvniv mcire zomis rombiseburi naxvreti
hqonda. garda amisa akldamaSi aRmoCnda didi zomis liTonis Sandali,

11
oqroqsovilis naSTebi, Rrma TefSis natexebi, romlebic erTmaneTs
kargad uerTdeba da zed gamosaxulia muqi lurji saRebaviT Sesru-
lebuli peizaJi, TeTri minisgan damzadebuli boTlis yelis natexi,
rkinis dezebi, liTonis samkerdeebi. igi daaTvaliera kolxeTis ar-
qeologiuri eqspediciis xelmZRvanelma revaz papuaSvilma. misi gan-
martebiT akldama Sua saukuneebSia aSenebuli, xolo aq Casvenebul
micvalebulTagan erTi maTgani maRalCinosani samxedro piri unda
iyos, rac daasabuTa akldamaSi napovni dezebiT, SandlebiT, TefSisa
da boTlis natexiT, romlebic misi ganmartebiT aris evropaSi Cinuri
teqnologiiT damzadebuli WurWeli, romelsac ruseTis jaris maRali
rangis samxedro Cinosnebi laSqrobisas iyenebdnen. agreTve, mundiriT
liTonis samkerdeebiT da oqroqsovilis naSTebiT, romelic, misi
azriT, samxreebis nawili unda iyos.
akldamis Sesaxeb mRvdelmonazoni kalistrate (CiCua) 1894 wels
werda: `xopSi SigniT eklesiaSi iyo arqeologiuri akldama: `riyis
qviT mowyobili, romelic am 7-8 wlis ukan cnobisagan daukargavT, e.i.
Casavali gaulesiaT, SeukravT da aRar etyoba aq Tu odesme saZvale
iyo~ (11; 41). misive cnobiT, galereaSi dakrZaluli iyo rusi generali
rikhofi, romelic samegreloSi, yulevSi 1804 wels Semosuli rusuli
jaris sardali yofila. mas 1807 wlis aprilSi samegrelos dedoflis,
nino bagrationis, grigol dadianis, Wyondidel mitropolit besario-
nis, caiSeli episkoposisa da samegrelos Tavad-aznaurTa mxardaWeriT
Turqebis mier dapyrobili qalaqi foTi auRia da alya Semourtyams
foTis cixisaTvis. am brZolaSi daRupula maiori lipatini, xolo
1809 wels generali rikhofi moulodnelad gardacvlila, isini xobis
taZarSi daukrZalavT (10; N 121). Cans, rom akldamaSi CasvenebulTa
Soris erTi generali rikhofia, xolo Sublgaxvretili Tavis qala
maior lipatinisa unda iyos. sxvebis Sesaxeb ki cnobebi ar mogvepoveba.
es akldama raTqma unda rikhofisTvis ar iyo agebuli.
XX saukunis 90-iani wlebis damdegamde taZars hqonda Zalian la-
mazi alebastris kankeli (sur. 2), romelic Zlier iyo dazianebuli,
cnobili mecnieris TinaTin yauxCiSvilis mixedviT `kankelis SigniTa,
sakurTxevlisken mimarTul nawilze, erT-erT gaswvriv Zelze CaWri-
lia (Tu amotvifruli) berZnuli mTavruli warwera, romlis naSTic
amJamad 3 striqons Seicavs: `...OПON / TРAПEZOVNTА...~ trapezunteli.
simaRleSi am fragments uWiravs daaxl. 11 sm. meore striqonis sigrZea
22 sm. mkafiod gamoyvanili asoebi sxvadasxva striqonSi gansxvavebuli
zomisaa. rogorc Cans, warweraSi ixsenieboda viRac trapezunteli moR-
vawe, romelsac am Zeglis (SesaZloa, kankelis SekeTebaSi monawileoba
hqonda miRebuli. daTariReba: warwera asoTa moxazulobis da saerTo
ieris mixedviT gvianbizantiuri xaniT unda daTariRdes~ (22; 112).

12
 sur. 2. xobis kankeli. 1951 w.
gumbaTiani samreklo (sur. 18) Tlili kirqviT aris aSenebuli.
vaxtang beriZis ganmartebiT `es samreklo, erTi udidesTagani sa-
qarTveloSi, ramdenime qronologiuri fenisagan Sedgeba: qvemo nawili
adrindelia (SesaZlebelia, eklesiis Tanamedrove), II sarTuli _ saku-
Triv fanCaturi _ albaT, XVII saukunisa~ (14; 88). misi fuZis zomebia
8 X 11 m, simaRle _ 20 m-mde. igi orsarTuliania. pirveli sarTulis
aRmosavleTis kedelSi Catanebulia arqimandrit simeon afaqiZis warwe-
riani qva, saidanac vigebT, rom mas 1902 wels SeukeTebia samreklos
iataki, kibeebi, galavani, taZris derefnis iataki kibeebiT.
samreklos gumbaTis yelSi Svidi sarkmelia datanebuli. pirve-
li sarTulis iatakze xuTi saflavis qva devs, karibWidan pirveli
ekuTvnis arqimandrit aleqsi mircxulavas (1928-1962), meore _ arqiman-
drit Sio qviliTaias (1915-1928 ww.), momdevno saflavis qvaze, romelic
sivrcis Sua nawilSi mdebareobs, warwera gadaSlilia, mis pirdapir,
aRmosavleTis kedelSi niSia Catanebuli, am saflavis gverdiT dakrZa-
lulia mRvdelmonazoni isaaki (enuqiZe), romelic 1990 wlis 15 aprils
tragikulad daiRupa. sapirispiro mxares ki dasaflavebulia maqsime
filipes Ze faCulia, romelic1919 wels gardacvlila.
sakaTalikoso sasaxlis kirqvis nageboba taZris dasavleT mxare-
saa. igi orsarTuliania da orferda saxuraviT yofila gadaxuruli,

13
pirvel sarTulze marani yofila gamarTuli. sasaxlis zomebia 25 X
9 m. mTavari darbazs sasaxlis samxreTiT nagebobis meore sarTulis
umetesi nawili ukavia, misi zomebia 16 X 9 m, etyoba igi didi Sekre-
bebisTvis iyo gamiznuli. sasaxlis CrdiloeTiT buxaria CaSenebuli.
sasaxlis umetesi nawili kirqviTaa nagebi, misi CrdiloeTi nawili ki
riyis qvebiT, romelic sul sxva, gansxvavebul kirqvis samSeneblo
fenazea daSenebuli. amJamad mimdinareobs sasaxlis aRdgeniTi samu-
Saoebi (sur. 19. 37. 38.).
taZars gars uvlis galavani, romelic ZiriTadad riyis qvebiT
aris agebuli. galavnis CrdiloeTiTa da dasavleTiT garedan Semor-
Cenilia nagebobaTa naSTebi. galavnis samxreTiT SeiniSneba kirqvis
samSeneblo fena, romelSic Cayolebulia kirqvis samSeneblo lodi,
am nawilSi SeiniSneba sxvadasxva nagebobaTa naSTebi. galavnis Crdilo-
aRmosavleT nawilSi svetis nawilia Cayolebuli. Tanamedrove galavnis
CrdiloeTiT da Crdilo-dasavleTiT ramdenime metris daSorebiT ri-
yis qviT agebuli Zveli galavnis naSTebia SemorCenili, aqve SeiniSneba
gaurkveveli daniSnulebis nagebobaTa naSTebi, romlebzec daSenebulia
Tanamedrove galavnis kedlebi. es kedlebi scdeba sasaxles, dasavle-
TiT eSveba da SemozRudavs mis win mdebare moedans, SesaZloa igi
adre reliefs miuyveboda-zRudavda monastris samxreTiT da samxreT-
dasavleTiT mdebare davakebas.
taZari moxatulia SesaniSnavi freskebiT. samxreTis kedelze yo-
fila gamosaxuli Sergil dadiani, misi meuRle naTeli da Svilebi
cotne da Tamari, es freska amJamad daculia saqarTvelos xelovnebis
saxelmwifo muzeumSi (sur. 16). cotne mRvdelmonazon kalistrate
(CiCuas), eqvTime TayaiSvils, pavle igoroyvasa da giorgi kalandias
koxtasTavis SeTqmulebis gmirad miaCniaT. vaxtang beriZe da iuza
xuskivaZe am freskas XIII-XIV saukuneTa mijniT aTariReben. TinaTin vir-
salaZes `ufro marTebulad~ miaCnia es freska XIII saukunis miwuruliT
daTariRdes (23; 278).
TinaTin yauxCiSvilis mixedviT `taZarSi freskaTa uZvelesi fena
XIII saukunisaa, Semdegi fenebi XVI da XVII ss-iT TariRdeba. freskebs
aqvT qarTuli da berZnuli warwerebi (22; 122). iuza xuskivaZe fres-
kebis yvelaze adreul fenebs XIII saukunis dasawyisiT aTariRebs da
SeniSnavs, rom dasavleTis kedlis XVI saukunis mxatvroba `xalxuri
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebsac amJRavnebs~,
taZarSi sami sxvadasxva drois e. w. paleologosuri stilis mxatvro-
bacaa SemorCenili _ Sergil dadianis egvterSi (XIII-XIV s. mijna), va-
mey dadianis egvterSi (XIV s. bolo. sur. 50.); xolo XVII s-is 40-iani
wlebSi nikifore ColoyaSvilis mier mowveuli ostatebis naxelavi
paleologosuri stilis postbizantiur gasqematebul nairsaxeobas

14
gvTavazoben~ (24; 8-9). iuza xuskivaZe SeniSnavs, rom: `xobis taZris
XVII saukunis 40-iani wlebis moxatuloba mowveul berZenTa mier ki
ara, rogorc es erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos, adgilobrivi
ostatebis xeliT unda iyos Sesrulebuli~ (25; 290). igi xobis freske-
bis daxasiaTebisas SeniSnavs, rom freskebis ZiriTadi nawili eTmoba
RvTismSoblis daujdomelis (`akaTisto~) momcvel scenebs, `rac
arsebiTad gansazRvravs kidec taZris interieris ideursa da metic,
saboloo mxatvrul saxes~ (25; 271-274). Teimuraz jojuas bolodro-
indeli kvlevebiT dadasturebulia, rom xobis taZris freskebis XVII
saukunis ZiriTadi fenebis qtitori eklesiis sakurTxevlis win, bemis
CrdiloeTi kedlis qveda nawilSi gamosaxuli episkoposi nikoloz
I wulukiZea da ara nikoloz ColoyaSvili, manve daadgina, rom misi
episkoposobis wlebia 1620-1640 wlis damdegi (26; 350). misive cnobiT
nikoloz ColoyaSvili (nikifore irbaxi. g. C.) xobSi moRvaweobda
1640-1643 wlebSi, 1643-1675 wlebSi xobis episkoposia nikoloz II
wulukiZe, igi gamosaxuli yofila nikorwmindis saepiskoposo ta-
Zris dasavleTi mklavis samxreT kedelze, romelsac axlavs warwera:
`nikoloz xopa/ri, wulukiZe~ (26; 354).
CrdiloeT kedelze gamosaxulia giorgi I dadiani taZris modeliT
xelSi (sur. 17.), igi XIII saukunis bolosa da XIV saukunis dasawyisis
moRvawed iTvleba, am freskaze arsebul warweras Teimuraz jojua ase
kiTxulobs: `am saydrisa aRmaSeneb{e}li erisTavT/erisTavi da mand{a}
t<a>{u]rT{u}xcesi// dad{i}ani g/i{o}rgi Se//eund{o}s Rm/{er}Tm{a}
n amin~ (26; 342).
taZarSi gamosaxuli arian episkoposi nikoloz wulukiZe, kaTo-
likosi ilarioni (XVII s. Suaxanebi). T. jojuas mixedviT `irkveva, rom
kaTolikos ilarions, XVI saukunis Sua xanebidan XIX saukunis dasawyi-
samde moRvawe sxva afxazeTis kaTolikosebis msgavsad, sakaTolikoso
kaTedra, formalurad gelaTis monasterSi hqonda, Tumca misi rea-
luri sakaTolikoso rezidencia, savaraudod, erT-erTi winamosaydre
mwyemsmTavris, nikoloz ColoyaSvilis sakaTalikoso rezidenciis
msgavsad, dadianebis samTavro karTan mWidro kavSir-urTierTobebis
gamo, odiSis samTavroSi mdebare xobis monasterSi iyo ganTavsebu-
li. am faqtis TvalsaCino dadasturebaa xobis monastris yovladw-
mida RmrTismSoblis miZinebis eklesiaSi SemorCenili kaTolikosi
ilarionis 1669/1672-1673 wlebis freskuli portreti, romelic
sagangebod am gansakuTrebuli movlenis _ afxazeTis kaTolikosis
xobis monasterSi mosaydreobis istoriuli faqtis aRsaniSnavad iyo
Sesrulebuli~ (27; 208). sxva istoriuli pirebis vinaobis dadgena
freskebis dazianebebis gamo ver xerxdeba. T. jojuas ganmartebiT,
nikoloz ColoyaSvili levan meore dadians gardacvalebamde 1657

15
wels kaTalikosis taxtze auyvania, momdevno mTavarTan, vamey III-sTan
kaTolikos nikolozs politikur da religiur niadagze uTanxmoeba
hqonia, ris gamoc is gadauyenebiaT da cixeSi CausvamT (27;175). ro-
gorc Cans, xobis taZris samxreTis kedelze nikoloz ColoyaSvilis
freska maSin waSales (26; 387-388). am freskas axlavs oTxstriqonia-
ni berZnuli warwera, romelic TinaTin yauxCiSvilis mixedviT ase
ikiTxeba `nikoloz xobeli am wmida monastris maradmosaxsenebeli
(an _ gansacvifrebeli) winamZRvari~ (22; 113). rac Seexeba wmindanTa
freskebs taZarSi, aq ZiriTadad RvTismSoblis cxovrebis scenebia
gamosaxuli (sur. 15. 49.). freskebi nawilobriv SemorCenilia vamey
dadianis ekvderSic. freskebis kvali SeimCneva taZris fasadebzec.
vameyis ekvderis kars zemoT, kedelSi warwerebiani lodia Cadgmuli,
romelic mogviTxrobs vamey dadianis mier jiqeTSi laSqrobis, iqedan
nadavlis saxiT marmarilos svetebisa da dafebis Camotanis, agreTve
ekvderis mowyobaze (sur. 20. 21.). freskuli saRebaviT Sesrulebuli
warweris fragmentebi SemorCenilia taZris dasavleTisa da Crdiloe-
Tis kedlebis karnizze.

sur. 3. eqvTime TayaiSvili xobis monasterSi. 1912 weli

16
sur. 4. jegeTas wm. giorgis salocavisken mimavali foTisa da
xobis mitropoliti grigoli

sur. 5. konferencia xobis monasterSi. foTisa xobis eparqiis

mitropoliti grigoli, marjvniv xobis monastris moZRvari
dekanozi ilia lomaia, istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori revaz
papuaSvili. 2015 w. 9 Tebervali
sur. 6. 7. xobis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis
taZari. xedi dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan
 sur. 8. yovladwminda RvTismSoblis kvarTi

sur. 9. 10. daviT aRmaSeneblis sawinamZRvro da Tamar mefis

gulsakidi jvari
sur. 11. xofis TeTrosani y˜w sur. 12. bordaxon dedof-
RvTismSoblis xati liseuli xati sanawile

sur. 13. xobis RvTismSoblis sur. 14. wm. giorgis xati

xati, n. kondakovis mixedviT
X-XI ss
 sur. 15. RvTismSoblis miZineba. freska XVII s

sur. 16. Sergil, naTel, cotne sur. 17. giorgi I dadiani.

da Tamar dadianebi. XIII s. bolo. freska XVII
freska
sur. 18. xobis samreklo

sur. 19. sasaxle

 sur. 20. vameyis warwera. XIV s. II naxevari

sur. 21. vamey dadianis mier jiqeTidan Camotanili marmarilos

svetebi da filebi. XIV s. II naxevari
 sur. 22. Zvel dadianTa saZvale

sur. 23. Zvel dadianTa saZvale. samxreT-dasavleTi nawili

 arqeologiuri gaTxrebi da
misi Sedegebi (2008-2016 ww.)
mTa-borcvi, romelzec xobis monasteri mdebareobs, aRmosavle-
Tidan dasavleTiT 700 metramde sigrZisaa. am borcvze mcxovreblebs
SemTxveviT bevrjer upoviaT arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis nivTebi,
monastris pirdapir, mdinaris gaRma jemal gabravam kolxuri brin-
jaos satevari aRmoaCina (sur. 96). meqi Toduas ojaxSi inaxeba Zv. w.
aR-is II aTaswleulis Sua xanebSi damzadebuli brinjaos culi, rome-
lic mas monastris dasavleTiT mdinare xobiswylis napirze unaxavs
(sur. 97), masve upovia feodaluri xanis Subispiri, romelic xeTis
muzeumSia daculi, gigla kitias ojaxSi inaxeba brinjaos grifoni.
monastris ezoSi da mis SemogarenSi didi raodenobiT aris aRmoCe-
nili sxvadasxva periodis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. es yvelafe-
ri adasturebs, rom xobis monastris midamoebi uxsovari droidan
yofila dasaxlebuli. TviT taZari borcvis dasavleTiT, mdinare
xobiswylis marcxena mxares mdebareobs.
2008 wlamde xobis monastris teritoriaze arqeologiuri ga-
Txrebi ar Catarebula. monastris Sida gzis keTilmowyobis dros,
2008 wlis 28 agvistos, xobis monastris sataZro dResaswaulis dRes,
`maraSinobas~ _ mariamobas qristesSobamdeli namosaxlarebi ramde-
nime adgilze dafiqsirda (sur. 39. 93).
monastris teritoriaze arqeologiuri samuSaoebi marTalia
mcire masStabebiT, magram, mainc permanentulad mimdinareobda 2009
-2016 wlebSi. samuSaoebi Catarda arqeologebis revaz da nana papuaS-
vilebis xelmZRvanelobiTa, roland isakaZis, Salva buaZisa da laSa
jiqias monawileobiT. Sedegebi Zalian STambeWdavi iyo, Catarebuli
samuSaoebis angariSebi daculia saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvi-
dreobis dacvis erovnul saagentoSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
xuroTmoZRvrebis, xelovnebisa da restavraciis centrSi, xobis mu-
nicipalitetis gamgeobaSi. Cven mimovixilavT am samuSaoebis Sedege-
bis zogierT nawils da ra Tqma unda veyrdnobiT zemoTxsenebul
angariSebs.
2009-2010 wlebSi xobis monastris ezoSi Seswavlil iqna gvian-
brinjao-adrerkinis xanis namosaxlarebi. Zelur-baTqaSiani Senobebis
nangrevebi Zlieri xanZris Sedegad iyo ganadgurebuli. aq aRmoCenili
nivTieri masalis mixedviT, Zegli daTariRda Zv. w. VIII-VII saukunee-
biT. rogorc arqeologi revaz papuaSvili aRniSnavs Tavis angariSSi:
`gairkva, rom xobis cnobili monasteri ar aSenebula cariel, dau-
saxlebel adgilas. aq, am monastris agebamde, 1500 wliT adre, minimum
sami Senoba mainc mdgara. Tu im nivTebsac gaviTvaliswinebT, romlebic

17
sxvadasxva drosaa mopovebuli da sxvadasxva periods ganekuTvneba
(isini nawilobriv avseben 1500 wlian monakveTs), maSin SegviZlia ga-
movitanoT daskvna, rom im teritoriul erTeulze, sadac amJamad
xobis samonastro kompleqsi mdebareobs, cxovreba iwyeba TiTqmis 28
saukunis winaT da grZeldeba dRemde~.
2009 wels xobis taZarSi axali kankelis dasadgmelad mosamza-
debeli samuSaoebi mimdinareobda. iatakis filebis ayris Semdeg ga-
moCnda Zveli lilvisebr profiliani kirqvis kankelis baza, romelic
freskuli saRebaviT iyo SeRebili, pirveli, Zveli fena singurisfe-
ria, xolo axali moSindisfro. sakurTxevlis win kibis safexurebic
SeRebili yofila. aseTive baza hqonda aramarto sakurTxevels, ara-
med samkveTlosa da sadiakvnesac. iqve naxevarsvetTan aRmoCnda Zveli
iatakis kargad damuSavebuli kirqvis filebi.
2010 wels xobis taZris samxreT-dasavleT kuTxeSi, iq, sadac
freskaze gamosaxuli iyo Sergil dadianis ojaxi, akldama _ saZva-
le aRmoCnda (sur. 22.23.). cnobilma mecnierma levan rCeuliSvilma
jer kidev XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi ivarauda aq saZvalis arsebobis
Sesaxeb. is, sxva mizezebTan erTad daueWvebia taZris samxreT-da-
savleTiT Sergil dadianis saojaxo freskis arsebobas, radgan misi
mosazrebiT `es uCveulo adgilia taZarSi warCinebul pirTa portre-
tis mosaxatavad~ (28; 256), l. rCeuliSvili wers: `es pirni aq ar unda
mdgariyvnen wirva-locvis mosasmenad. es oTaxebi ufro saZvalesa
hgavs, sadac rogorc TviT feodalTa, ise maTi ojaxis wevrebis neSti
dasvendeboda, e. i. daniSnulebiT im sadgomis analogiuri, romelic
SemdgomSi vamey dadianma moawyo amave taZarSi~ (28; 257). mecnieris
varaudi arqeologiurma gaTxrebma daadastura. dasakrZalavis es
tipi, dadianebisaTvis tradiciuli yofila, rasac adasturebs levan
II dadianis saZvaleze dadebul marmarilos fiqalze arsebuli warwe-
ra, `...ekuderad:. avaSeneT:. qveS:. ori:. tani:. akldama:. gavakeTeT:.
gamoRma:. Cveni:. dasawoli:. taxti:. vqeniT:. ...Zvalisa:. Casayreli:. ar
gavakeTeT...~ (13; 217).
akldamas Casasvleli dasavleTidan hqonda, aqedan Cadioda masSi
kirqvis lodebiT mowyobili kibe. TviT akldama kirxsnaris gamoye-
nebiT mcired damuSavebuli kirqvebiTaa nagebi. igi Tavidan TaRiani
yofila. misi zomebia 2,25 X 3 metri. akldamas aqvs ori kirqvis da-
sasvenebeli. gaTxrebisas aRmoCnda, rom orive dasasvenebelze TiTo
micvalebuli qristianuli wesiT iyo dasvenebuli. sarecelebs Soris
da aRmosavleTiT ormoebia, sadac micvalebulebis Zvlebi areuli
iyo. unda vifiqroT, rom ormoebSi micvalebulebis Zvlebs axali
micvalebulebis dakrZalvis dros gadaadgilebdnen. akldamaSi rva
adamianis ZvlebTan erTad aRmoCenili oqromkedis naqargobaTa naSTi

18
sxva sayuradRebo artefaqtebTan erTad, miuTiTebs, rom aq warCine-
buli pirebi unda yofiliyvnen dakrZalulni, maT Soris savaraudod
cotne dadianic unda yofiliyo. akldamis es nawili dafaruli iyo
naSali duRabisa da kirqvis feniT, romelic akldamis wriuli TaRis
Caqcevis Sedegad unda warmoqmniliyo. am fenis zemoT dakrZaluli
iyvnen SedarebiT axali micvalebulebi. arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis
angariSis mixedviT: `...gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda gamaxvil-
des akldamisa da taZris samxreTi kedlebis urTierTmimarTebaze.
akldamis samxreTi kedeli, nawilobriv mainc, 15-20 santimetriT
Sedis taZris ZiriTadi (sayrdeni) kedlis qveS. es garemoeba gvai-
Zulebs vifiqroT, rom akldama an taZris agebamde arsebobda, an
taZris aRniSnuli kedeli da akldama erTdroulad iqna agebuli.
Zneli dasaSvebia, rom taZris agebis Semdeg akldamisaTvis amoeWraT
ormo, romelic nawilobriv mainc gamouTxrida Zirs sayrden kedels
da dangrevis saSiSroebis winaSe daayenebda mas~. revaz papuaSvilis
mixedviT: `pirveladi STabeWdilebiT, taZris centralur nawilSi
dRes arsebuli svetebi, navebis miSenebamde, kedlebad unda yofiliyo
gaerTianebuli. navebis miSenebis Semdeg kedlebiT unda yofiliyo
gamoyofili CrdiloeTi da samxreTi ekvderebic, romlebSiac Sesa-
bamisi akldamebia dadasturebuli. es akldamebi navebis miSenebamde,
vfiqrobT, taZris gareT unda vivaraudoT~. aseT SemTxvevaSi taZars,
vidre mas navebs miaSenebdnen am moculobisa unda yofiliyo (sur.
30.), ris safuZvelsac Cven gvaZlevs Semdegi garemoebani: taZars ga-
redan CrdiloeTidanac da samxreTidanac etyoba nakerebi (sur. 32.),
aseve nakerebi Cans sakurTxevlis Sveril afsidasa da minaSenebs Soris
garedan orive mxares. taZris SigniT, samxreT dasavleTis svetis
CrdiloeTiT, kargad Canda Zveli kedlis narCenebi, rac pirdapir
emTxveva gareT arsebul nakerebs.
moulodneli da rTuli viTareba aRmoCnda sakurTxevelSi. aq
iatakis filebis alagebis Semdgom afsidis CrdiloeT da samxreT
kedels Soris aRmoCnda wvrili riyis qvebisa da kirqvis wvrilnate-
xebiani duRabis mkvrivi fena, romlis sisqe daaxloebiT 20 sm. iyo,
xolo sigane 1,30-1,20 sm. afsidis CrdiloeTis kedlis qveda nawilSi
kargad ikiTxeba ori mkveTrad gansxvavebuli samSeneblo fena. kidev
ufro moulodneloba iyo is, rom afsidis kedlis qveS saZirkveli
aRmoCnda (sur. 26.). is 40 sm-iT Cadioda miwis siRrmeSi da afsidis
samxreTis kedlis qveS gadmoweuli iyo 40 sm-iT, xolo CrdiloeTis
kedlis qveS daaxloebiT 15 sm-iT (sur. 30.). faqtobrivad arsebuli
kedeli mniSvnelovnad iyo acdenili saZirkvels. aman da agreTve Cr-
diloeTis kedlis gansxvavebulma samSeneblo fenebma gamoiwvia Cveni
daeWveba da gaaCina kiTxva: xom ar iyo es saZirkveli sxva nagebobisa,

19
daeWvebis safuZvels iZleoda agreTve sakurTxevli romelic gare-
dan xuTkuTxeds qmnis, igi aSenebulia kargad damuSavebuli kirqvis
kvadrebiT, romelic sruliad gansxvavebul, uxeSad damuSavebul
kirqvis kvadrebzea daSenebuli da romelsac naxevarwris forma aqvs
(sur. 24). am kiTxvebs pasuxi Semdgom Catarebuli arqeologiuri sa-
muSaoebisas gaeca.
2013-2014 wlebis arqeologiurma samuSaoebma taZris Crdiloe-
TiT paraleluri kedlebi gamoavlina, romlebic aRmosavleTiTac da
dasavleTiTac kuTxes qmnis da Sedis dRes arsebuli taZris Crdilo-
aRmosavleT da Crdilo-dasavleTis kedlis kuTxeebis qveS. cxadi
gaxda, Tanamedrove taZari Zveli, gacilebiT ufro didi nagebobis
nangrevebzea daSenebuli. cxadi gaxda, rom sakurTxevlis SigniT
aRmoCenili saZirkveli da afsidis gareT arsebuli mrgvali fena
Zveli taZrisa unda iyos. Zveli da axali taZrebi gegmaSi odnav arian
erTmaneTs acdenilebi da Sesabamisad cxadi gaxda is, Tu ratom iyo
erTmaneTs acdenili afsidis SigniT Zveli kedeli da mis qveS arse-
buli saZirkveli. Zveli taZris zomebia 20 X 19.2 m, xolo farTobi
sakurTxevlis afsidis gareSe 384 kv. metria, Tanamedrove taZrisa 17
X 19.2 m, farTobi 326.4 kv. metri (sur. 25. 30.).
aqve, ki _ taZridan 15-iode metris daSorebiT, sasaxlis gverdiT,
galavanTan manamde ucnobi nagebobebaTa naSTebi aRmoCnda. aq sami
sxvadasxva periodis nagebobaTa naSTi dafiqsirda. am etapze Zneli
zustad davaTariRoT aRniSnuli obieqtebi, magram aq aRmoCenili
Tixis filebisa da alaTebis mixedviT arqeologi revaz papuaSvili
ganmartavs: `...msgavsi alaTebi CarTulia X saukunis korcxelis ekle-
siis gumbaTSi, agreTve isini cnobilia quTaisSi, bagratis taZramde
arsebuli naeklesiaris VIII-IX saukunis fenebidan. siRrmeSi arsebuli
mesame nagebobis naSTis Sesaxeb jer-jerobiT saboloo daskvnis gake-
Teba Znelia~, SesaZloa monastris teritoriaze arsebul nagebobaTa
Soris is yvelaze adreuli iyos (sur. 29. 33.).
2016 wels daiwyo xobis sakaTalikoso sasaxlis sarestavracio
samuSaoebi, nageboba gaiwminda naSali qva-RorRisa da miwisagan. sa-
saxlis vrcel, samxreT nawilSi sxvadasxva periodisa da zomis qve-
vrebi aRmoCnda, sasaxlis dasavleTiT paralelurad mimavali kedlis
narCenebma iCina Tavi, romlis qveSac sxva nagebobis kedlis naSTic
fiqsirdeba. sasaxlis CrdiloeT nawilSi, sadac CrdiloeTis kedelSi
buxaria CaSenebuli pirveli sarTulis siRrmeSi kibeebiani nagebobis
naSTi aRmoCnda (sur. 34.), es Senoba uadresi unda iyos, romelzedac
mogvianebiT dauSenebiaT sasaxlis kedlebi ( sur. 33. VI nageboba).
xobSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis paralelurad mimdinareobda
dazverviTi xasiaTis samuSaoebi, romlis drosac taZridan samxreT

20
dasavleTiT, 300-ode metrSi, dali da merab iosavebis ezoSi dafi-
qsirda adreqristianuli xanis naeklesiari, xolo imave mimarTule-
biT 400 metris daSorebiT, xobis monastris mrevlis sasaflaoze,
sadac didi xania saflavebis Txrisas Tavs iCenda kargad damuSavebu-
li kirqvis kvadrebi, romaul-bizantiuri xanis agurebi da kramitebi,
rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom didi albaTobiT aqac Sesabamis periodSi
eklesia unda mdgariyo. saflavis ormoSi aRmoCnda kargad damuSave-
buli kirqvis kvadrebiT agebuli kedlis naSTi (sur. 92.).
2016 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi Catarda arqeologiuri gaTxrebi.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am masStabis samuSaoebi aqamde xobis monasterSi
ar Catarebula. Cven mTlianad ar mimovixilavT samuSaoebis Sedegebs,
romlebic warmodgenilia Sesabamis angariSSi. SevexebiT zogierT
sakiTxs. gaTxrebi xuT ubanze mimdinareobda: 1. taZris dasavleTi
monakveTi da sakaTolikoso sasaxlis mimdebare teritoria Crdi-
loeTi saTavsos CaTvliT; 2. taZris CrdiloeTiT, galavnisa da Zveli
taZris kedlebs Soris moqceuli adgili; 3. samxreTi galavnis kedlis
gareT, samreklos dasavleTiT arsebuli teritoria; 4. sakaToliko-
so sasaxlis samxreT-dasavleTiT, 50 m. daSorebiT arsebuli patara
SemaRleba; 5. samreklos samxreTi kedlis mimdebare mcire monakveTi.
gamovlenili nagebobebi dainomra: I _ dRes moqmedi RvTismSoblis
miZinebis saxelobis taZari; II _ Zveli eklesiis SemorCenili kedeli,
romelzedac daSenebulia dRevandeli taZari da mis CrdiloeTiT
aris fiqsirebuli; III _ sakaTolikoso sasaxle; IV _ taZarsa da saka-
Tolikoso sasaxles Soris arsebuli nagebobebidan zeda nageboba; V _
meoTxe nagebobis qveS arsebuli Senoba; VI _ mexuTe nagebobis samxre-
TiT gamovlenili nagebobis nawili; VII _ taZris CrdiloeTiT axlad
gamovlenili nagebobis nawili (sur. 33.). CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa mexuTe nageboba, romelic zemoTxsenebul angariSSi XII-
XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba da romelzedac qvemoT visaubrebT. 2016
wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri samuSaoebis angariSSi vkiTxulobT:
`axla ukve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ganviTarebul SuasaukuneebSi da,
savaraudod ufro adrec, xobis monastris teritoriaze ukve unda
arsebuliyo cixe-qalaqis tipis dasaxleba, romelic galavnis SigniT
da galavnis gareT arsebul sakmaod vrcel teritorias moicavda.
cxovrebis kvali xelsayreli adgilmdebareobis gamo aq Soreul war-
sulSi _ brinjao-adrerkinis xanaSi iRebs saTaves (rac arqeologiu-
radac dasturdeba). Semdgom xanebSi ki, drois sxvadasxva intervalSi,
miuxedavad mravali ngrevisa (esec arqeologiurad dasturdeba), igi
mainc axerxebda aRdgenas da ase movida dRemde~.
ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedege-
bis mixedviT?

21
 pirveli; _ Zveli kolxebi rom gansakuTrebul Tayvans scemdnen
`deda ufals”, `did dedas”, `dedas RvTaebas”, `RmerTebis dedas”,
sofel caiSis samarovanze mopovebuli masaliTac dasturdeba, sa-
dac aRmoCnda brinjaos cxenze gverdulad mjdomare qalRvTaebis
qandakebebi, romelTac marcxena xelSi Cvili ukaviaT, xolo marjve-
naSi sasmisi (30; 47. 31; 15-23. 32; 82-83). Zvel berZnuli qalRvTaeba
`levkoTea” _ TeTr qalwuls” niSnavs, berZnebma damxvduri xalxebis-
gan bevri ram SeTvises da ar aris gamoricxuli, `TeTrosani” `deda
RvTaebis” epiTeti yofiliyo, levkoTea ki, kolxuri `deda RvTaeba”
`nanas~ elinizebuli forma. vanis karibWeze Zv. w. IV-III saukuneebiT
daTariRebuli warweraa: `gevedrebi meufeo qalRmerTo~. flavius
arianes mixedviT `fazisSi rom Sedixar, marcxniv aRmarTulia qan-
dakeba qalRmerT fasianesi, garegnobis mixedviT is hgavs reas, radgan
winwila uWiravs, agreTve misi savarZlis win wvanan lomebi...~(29; 39).
XVII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi don arqanjelo lamberti aRniSnavda, rom
samegreloSi Zvelad reas taZrebi iyo, romlebic qristes sarwmu-
noebis damyarebis Semdeg mariam RvTismSoblis eklesiebad gardauqm-
niaT (48;161). xobis monastris ezoSi aRmoCnda Zv. w. VIII-VII saukuneebis
gvianbrinjao-adrerkinis xanis namosaxlarebi, jer kidev 28 sauku-
nis winaT aq sicocxle Cqefda. cnobilia, rom pirveli qristianuli
taZrebi winare periodis samlocveloebzea daSenebuli. vaxuSti
batoniSvili SeniSnavs: `...xolo Jamsa qristianobisasa nakerpavTa maT
mTaTa maRalTa da borcTa zeda eseviTarive iyo gancxroma-rokvani;
amisTvis aRaSenes maT zeda eklesiani da jvarebobdian mun viTarca
aw fexisa simReriT gaaTenian. ...da maT wil aRmarTna cxovelsmyofe-
lni jvarni qristes meufisa da dasamxobelad mterTa~ (33; 25). zemoT
Tqmulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia, xobis RvTismSoblis miZinebis
taZris teritoriaze winaqristianul periodSi swored `deda RvTaeba
nanas~ salocavi mdgariyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom xobis monastris mTavari
xati wyaroebSi moixsenieba rogorc `TeTrosani RvTismSobeli~ (34;
274. 35; 185). am xatis Sesaxeb mRvdel-monazoni kalistrate (CiCua)
wers: xalxi am xats dResac `TeTrosnis~ saxeliT moixseniebso (11; 35).
`TeTrosani~ ukavSirdeba sityvebs _ naTels, sinaTles, monaTvlas.
`TeTrosnis~ saxeliT saqarTveloSi sxvaganac aris cnobili saloca-
vebi da xatebi (36; 17-18) (sur. 11).
meore; _ xobis Tanamedrove taZari, gacilebiT didi zomis na-
taZralze yofila daSenebuli. Cans, marTali iyo eqvTime TayaiSvi-
li, rodesac werda: `...gegma taZrisa, CuqurTma da stili Senobisa
uCvenebs, rom Tavi monasteri unda iyos agebuli ara ugvianes X _
XI saukunisa...~ (13; 132). Zveli taZris zomebia 20 X 19.2 m. SesaZloa
Zveli taZari bazilika yofiliyo. levan rCeuliSvils XX saukunis

22
40-ian wlebSi SeuniSnavs `axali wyobiT dafaruli cokoli dasavle-
Tis mxares~, risTvisac Semgom mecnierebs yuradReba ar miuqceviaT
(28; 253). sainteresoa profesor goneli araxamias azri 1470-1474
wlebs Soris Sedgenil Samadavla dadian-gurielis `iadgaris~ Sesaxeb.
igi aRniSnavs, rom Samadavla ufro Zveli iadgaris ganmaaxlebelia,
mecnieri wers: `Zveli iadgaris daTariRebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is
garemoeba, rom xobis RvTismSoblis taZari aSenebulia XIII s. bolos
da XIV s. damdegs, magram gamoricxulad ver CaiTvleba manamde am ad-
gilas ufro Zveli taZris da Sesabamisad, monastris arseboba. cxadia,
taZris agebidan `Zveli iadgaris~ Sedgenamde aris gacemuli yvela
is dokumenti, romelic cal-calke adasturebda taZris zemoT Ca-
moTvlil ama Tu im uflebas, rac, bunebrivia, erTbaSad ar moxdeboda
da drois garkveul monakveTs gulisxmobs. amitom `Zveli iadgari~
zogadad XIV s. Sua wlebsa da meore naxevarSi unda iyos Sedgenili
(37;143). vinaidan dadasturda Zveli taZris arseboba, baton goneli
araxamias mosazrebidan gamomdinare, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom aq albaT gacilebiT ufro adrec unda arsebuliyo monasteri.
mesame; _ dadasturda, rom xobis monasteri namdvilad warmoad-
gens Zvel dadianTa saZvales. gvinda SevniSnoT, rom taZris samxreT-
dasavleTiTa da Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdebare saZvaleebi, rogorc
zemoT aRvwereT, mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan samSene-
blo teqnikiTa da formiT.
meoTxe; _ monastris ezoSi da mis gareT gamovlinda XII _ XIII
saukuneebisa da ufro adrindeli xanis nagebobebis mTeli wyeba,
romlebic Sesaswavlia (sur. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37).
bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva, rodis da ra mizeziT unda dangreu-
liyo is Zveli didi taZari, romelzedac Tanamedrove Senoba dgas?
SesaZloa amis mizezi gareSe mtris Semoseva iyo, an iqneb 1088 wlis
didma miwisZvram daaziana nageboba (38;106), dRes gadaWriT mtkiceba
SeuZlebelia. arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom
Zveli didi taZris dangrevis Semdgom, amJamindeli eklesiis aSenebamde,
aq SedarebiT momcro, darbazuli eklesia unda mdgariyo. romelsac
qvemoT moxseniebisas pirobiTad vuwodebT `momcro eklesias~. misi
nawili unda yofiliyo taZris samxreT dasavleTiT mdebare saZvale.
am eklesias Cveni varaudiTa da warmodgeniT iseTi forma da moculoba
unda hqoneboda, rogori warmodgenac Segveqmna 2010 wlis arqeolo-
giuri samuSaoebis Semdeg da rogorc es levan rCeuliSvils aqvs gamo-
qveynebuli Tavis naSromSi xobis taZris Sesaxeb (28; 264 ) (sur. 30. 31.).
rodis unda dazianebuliyo `momcro eklesia~ da rodis unda gae-
farTovebinaT igi? ra Tqma unda dRes arsebuli monacemebiT dabeji-
TebiT mtkiceba SeuZlebelia, magram rigi faqtorebis gaTvaliwinebiT

23
SeiZleba mosazrebebis gamoTqma da ara daskvnebis gakeTeba. vaxtang
beriZe, xobis taZris erT-erTi cnobili mkvlevari, am monastris is-
torias `Tavsatexi sakiTxebis aRmZvrels~ uwodebda (132;305). `momcro
eklesiaze~ saubrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia 2016 wels xobis monas-
terSi Catarebuli arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Sedegebi: xobis taZris
dasavleTiT, dRevandeli sakaTolikoso taZris gaswvriv, aRmoCenil
V nagebobas (sasaxle) zemodan miwis Txeli, balaxiani fena edo, misi
aRebis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom nagebobis Sida sivrce nayariT iyo dafa-
ruli, romelic warmoadgenda samSeneblo naSals, qva-RorRs, kirqvis
lodebs, agurisa da kramitebis fragmentebs (sur. 35. 36.). masSi iyo
Tixis Wiquriani da minis WurWlis fragmentebi... nayari fena damre-
cad eSveboda dasavleTiT da gadioda dRes arsebuli sakaTalikoso
sasaxlis CrdiloeTis nawilis kedlebis qveS, igi faravda agreTve am
saTavsos Sida sivrcesac. saTavsos SigniT, samxreT-dasavleTiT, sam-
Seneblo nayarSi aRmoCnda gverdebSelaxuli CuqurTmiani karnizis qva
(sur. 28.), swored iseTi, rogoric Semouyveba da amSvenebs dRevandel
taZaris sakurTxevlis afsidis karnizs, Tumca aqve unda SevniSnoT,
rom Tu karnizis rigs davakvirdebiT, CuqurTmebis erTi nawili faqizi
da daxvewili namuSevaria, meore nawili ki _ aSkarad minabaZia (sur.
27.). zemoTxsenebuli naSalSi napovni CuqurTmiani lodi da karniz-
ze ori sxvadasxva xarisxis CuqurTmiani lodebis arseboba, xom ar
miuTiTebs imaze, rom raRac dros, taZari dazianebuli iyo. zemoT
aRniSnuli V nageboba XII-XIII daTariRda, mis farglebSi aRmoCnda Za-
lian faqizad da daxvewilad damuSavebuli egviptur-siriuli minis
lampris fragmentebi, romelic farTod vrceldeba XIII saukuneSi,
nagebobaSi iatakis doneze aRmoCnda manuel I didis trapizonuli
aspri _ vercxlis moneta (1238-1263 ww.). savsebiT dasaSvebia, rom V
nageboba XIII saukunis meore naxevarSi, ufro 1263 wlis Semdgom pe-
riodSi dazianebuliyo. agreTve didi albaTobiT SeiZleba daSveba
imisa, rom V nagebobasa (sasaxle) da `momcro eklesias~ erTdrou-
lad ganecada ngreva-dazianebebi, Sesabamisad, maSin unda Caqceuliyo
saZvalis TaRic. vaxtang beriZisa da iuza xuskivaZis mier Sergil
dadianis ojaxis freska XIII-XIV saukuneebis mijniT TariRdeba (14;78.
24;8), xolo TinaTin virsalaZe XIII saukunis boloTi aTariRebs (23;
278). vaxtang beriZes taZaris amSeneblad xobis eklesiis CrdiloeTis
kedelze gamosaxuli giorgi I dadiani (XIII bolo meoTxedi _ 1323 w.)
miaCnia da ambobs: `Tumca Cven giorgi bedanis Ze taZris amSeneblad
migvaCnia, ar aris aucilebeli, rom igi am Senobis damwyebad miviCnioT:
erisTavTerisTavs veravin ver dauSlida Tavisi Tavi saydris mode-
liT daexatvinebina da TavisTvis `saydris aRmaSenebeli~ ewodebina im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu man mxolod daasrula Tavisi winamoadgilis mier

24
sur. 24. sakurTxevlis qveda sur. 25. Zveli taZris saZirkve-
nawili li. Crdilo-aRmosavleTi

sur. 26. Zveli taZris saZirkveli Tanamedrove taZris

sakurTxevelSi
 sur. 27. sakurTxevlis karnizis CuqurTmebi

sur. 28. karnizis CuqurTmiani lodi sur. 29. alaTis

fragmentebi
sur. 30. gamoviyeneT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis mier
Sedgenili gegma
sur. 31. xobis Tavdapirveli taZris aqsonometria levan
rCeuliSvilis mixedviT

sur. 32. nakeri taZris CrdiloeTiT

sur. 33. xobis sasaxle da mimdebare teritoria r. papuaSvilis
mixedviT
sur. 34. dRevandeli sasaxlis qveS uZvelesi kibeebiani VI
nagebobis naSTi

sur. 35. Zveli sasaxlis naSTebi (V nageboba)

sur. 36. Zveli sasaxlis naSTebi (V nageboba)

sur. 37. sasaxle aRdgenamde

 sur. 38. sasaxle aRdgenis Semdeg

sur. 39. xobis monastris Zvelkolxuri namosaxlari

dawyebuli mSenebloba~ (14; 78). walenjixis taZarSi levan II dadiani
taZris modeliT aris gamosaxuli, magram cnobilia, rom is ar aris
am taZris maSenebeli. mecnieri walenjixis macxovris xatis warweris
mixedviT askvnis, rom xobSi gamosaxuli Sergili da cotne ver iqneba
XIII pirveli naxevris moRvaweebi, vinaidan dadianebSi xSirad saxelebi
meordeba STamomavlobaSi, man isini didi cotnes STamomavlebad miiC-
nia (14; 76). Sergil dadianis ojaxisa da giorgi dadianis freskebis
Sesaxeb sainteresoa giorgi kalandias azri: `Cveni kvleva gansxvavebu-
li mosazrebis gamoxatvis saSualebas gvaZlevs da am SemTxvevaSi, yu-
radRebas qtitorTa Cacmulobaze vamaxvilebT (sur. 16. 17.). vfiqrobT
xobis freskebze gamosaxul pirTa samosi kargad asaxavs Sesabamis epo-
qebs. samegrelos erisTavT-erisTavs Sergil dadians xobis freskaSi
TiTqmis iseve acvia, rogorc varZiis freskaze gamosaxul rati sura-
mels ...ratis moRvaweobis periodi danamdvilebiT cnobilia da igi XII
saukunis II naxevriTa da XIII saukunis dasawyisiT TariRdeba ...giorgi
dadianis freskaze erTi Sexedvac sakmarisia, raTa cxadi gansxvaveba
dainaxo mis Cacmulobasa da samxreT kedelze gamosaxul dadianebis
samoss Soris. cxadia, rom giorgis Tanadroul epoqaSi Cacmulobis
stili sruliad Secvlilia ...eqvTime TayaiSvili mas xalaTis msgavs
uwodebs. Signidan dadians usayelo TeTri qsovilis perangi mosavs,
aseTive feris qamari sadad aris Sekruli ...erTi sityviT, marTebu-
lad ar migvaCnia mosazreba, rom xobSi gamosaxuli Sergilis ojaxis
portreti XIII-XIV saukuneTa mijnaze adrindeli ar SeiZleba iyos....~
(39; 14-15). Sergilis samosis Sesaxeb g. kalandias mosazreba angariS-
gasawevia, rac Seexeba giorgi dadianis Cacmulobas, vfiqrobT aq Sec-
domaa, radgan profesori iuza xuskivaZe giorgi dadianis freskas XVII
saukuniT aTariRebs, is wers, rom giorgi dadianis `figuris Tanmdev
mxedrul warwerazec SeiZleba iTqvas. warwera xom mxedrulia da ara
taZris aSenebis droisaTvis damaxasiaTeblad _ asomTavruli. es ki, im
varaudis uflebas gvaZlevs, rom warwera gacxovelebuli ki ar aris
am gvian periodSi, aramed imJamadaa Sesrulebuli~ (25; 264-265). baton
iuzas azriT `giorgi dadianis portreti XVII saukuneSi mxatvris mier
ki ar aris ganaxlebuli, aramed Tavidanvea damaxasiaTebeli nimuSis
mixedviT Sesrulebuli _ imJamindel qtitorTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
dgomiT, samosiT, warweriT da, rac sagulisxmoa, ara iq, sadac Tavi-
danve SeiZleboda yofiliyo gamosaxuli, Tavisave ekvderis, albaT,
CrdiloeTis kedelze...~ (25; 266). cxadia, giorgi dadianis samosi XVII
saukunes Seesabameba. es yvelaferi kidev ufro aZlierebs varauds
imis Sesaxeb, rom giorgi dadiani axali da pirveli taZris maSenebe-
li ki ar aris, aramed Zvelis, _ albaT dazianebulis aRmdgeneli da
gamafarToebelia. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom levan II dadiani

25
1640-1657 wlebSi xofis taZrisaTvis Sedgenil sigelSi ambobs: `...mo-
kiTxuli vqeniT, da ZuelTa CuenTa mama-papaTa saflavi yofiliyo...~
(97; 208-211), am teqstis mixedviT levan dadians ar codnia, rom xobis
monasterSi misi winaprebi iyvnen dasaflavebuli. mas, albaT, arc ta-
Zris maSeneblebis Sesaxeb eqnebodaT zusti informacia.
XII-XIII saukuneebis dadianebze saubari rTulia, radgan ar aris
dadgenili am sagvareulos genialogia. marTalia am Temas bevri mec-
nieri Sexebia, maT Soris _ vaxuSti batoniSvili, mari brose, dimi-
tri baqraZe, mRvdelmonazoni kalistrate, Tedo Jordania, vaxtang
beriZe, ilia anTelava, Tamaz beraZe, goneli araxamia, sakiTxi mainc
bundovania da gaurkveveli. Zvel dadianebTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi
xandaxan urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa.
vaxtang beriZiseuli daskvna Sergil da cotne dadianebis moR-
vaweobis daTariRebis Sesaxeb, eyrdnoba walenjixis jvarcmis xatze
arsebul warweras. am xatze vkiTxuloT: `...macxovaro walenjixisao,
mondobilni Senni: mandaturT uxucesi dadiani bedani da me Ze maTi,
meored mamkobi dadiani giorgi, da me dadiani Sergil da meuRle Cemi
naTel, mesamed mamkobni xatisa Tquenisa...~ (14; 78), mecnieris azriT aq
CamoTvlilni arian ufros-umcrosobis mixedviT, Sergili da cotne
CaTvlilia XIII saukunis bolosa da XIV saukunis dasawyisis moRvawee-
bad, rac damajerebeli ar aris. vfiqrobT mxolod am xatis warweriT
sakiTxi gadaWrilad ver CaiTvleba. Tu profesor Tamaz beraZis azrs
gaviTvaliswinebT, Tamaris droindeli odiSis erisTavi da daviT na-
rinis droindeli bedani ori sxvadasxva pirovnebaa (40; 159), ra gvaqvs
myari sabuTi, rom walenjixis macxovris xatis bedani Tamar mefis
Tanamedrove ar aris. samwuxarod es xati dakargulia, magram eqvTime
TayaiSvilis aRwerilobis mixedviT etyoba warwera erTdroulad unda
iyos Sesrulebuli da isini `Tanamedroveni unda iyvnen~ (13; 229). arc
is unda iyos savaldebulo norma, rom xati erT droSi mcxovreb pi-
rebs maincdamainc ufros-umcrosobis rigis, an Tanamdebobrivi rangis
dacviT SeemkoT. gvinda SevniSnoT, rom RvTismSoblis kvarTis Casas-
venebel luskumaze malaqia gurielis warwera ufro sapatio adgilze
zemoT aris Sesrulebuli, levan II dadianisa ki qvemoT.
zugdidis muzeumSi daculia CuqurTmiani qvis fragmenti, romlis
sadauroba mkvlevar abesalom tuRuSis mixedviT gaurkvevelia. masze
arsebuli asomTavruli bolonakluli warwera mas ase waukiTxavs:
`samebao: samTTTebao: da: erTarsebao: Semwe eyav: orsa[ve] cxo[v]rebasa:
Sina: e[risTav] e[risTav]Ta: g[iorg]i, i[van]e: e[raSahr]i: [da: Seiwyale]
Svilni: [m]aTni: r[ome]lTa ese ekle[si]aa simcirisa [gan daarRvies da
udidesi aRaSenes]...~ (41; 48). avtori aRniSnavs, rom warweraSi Sec-
domebia, erisTavT erisTavebis saxelebi qaragmebiT aris dawerili,

26
pirveli ori advilad ixsneba g˜i _ (g[iorg]i da i˜e _ i[van]e), magram
mesamis wakiTxva Zneldeba, radgan orive i˜e-Ti aris daqaragmebuli
(41; 45). avtoris azriT ar SeiZleba orive pirs erTi saxeli hqondes
da es damweris Secdoma unda iyos, romelsac pirveli aso boloSi,
xolo bolo aso TavSi dausvamso. teqsti a. tuRuSs xobis macxovris
xatis warweris mixedviT dauzustebia, asoebi gadaunacvlebia da misi
azriT igi unda iyos eraSahri. is Tvlis rom, warweraSi xsenebuli
pirebi Zmebi arian. saintereso, rom samive erisTavT erisTavad ix-
senieba. aq moxseniebuli eraSahri a. tuRuSs rigis mixedviT umcros
Zmad miaCnia. xobis macxovris xatis warweraSi `...mamkobeli kaxaberis
ZeTa asuli Teonila, zviadis deda, marjveniT Sensa dadgomad Rirs
myav sasufevels Sensa, amin. da aw mowyalebiTa SeniTa myofTa patron-
Ta dadianisa saxlisaTa naTels Seundvenin da ixsen yovelTa gansac-
delTagan da masve pirvel Semamkobelsa xatisa amis Senisasa naTels
Tana marjveniT Sensa mdgomad daawese ig da Ze maTi vardan dadiani,
mandaturT uxucesi bedani dadiani da coli maTi, begaisa qarTlis
erisTvisa asuli, xuaSaqi, da Zeni maTni, eraSahri, giorgi, da ivane...~
(13; 138-139) aq eraSahri Zmebs Soris pirveli weria, xolo martvilis
RvTismSoblis xatis warweraSi: `…xatisa Senisa siwmidisasa Sors
mciredTa amaT nivTTa momZRuane aRmsakobad udu, lela, da Semvr-
domiT moqene maTTuis, romeli sawuTrosa lxin hyuven CemTvis, Svi-
liTurT zviadi da giorgi ioxen dedofalo! ...axlad mamkobi kninTa
mier, uRirsi mandaturT uxucesi bedani dadiani da meuRle, viTxov,
me uRirsi xuaSaqi, qarTlisa erisTavisa asuli ZiTurT giorgiT da
ivaneT gvioxen, yovlad uxrwnelo, raJams dajdes Ze Seni gankiTxvad
dResa mas saSinelsa~ (13; 49) igi saerTod ar aris moxseniebuli da a.
tuRuSs miaCnia, rom igi am drosTvis ar aris dabadebuli da Sesabami-
sad umcrosia Zmebs Soris (41; 47). zugdidis muzeumSi dacul lodze
arsebuli warwera paleograf T. barnavels X saukuniT dauTariRebia,
xolo a. tuRuSi martvilisa da xobis xatebis warwerebis mixedviT
XIII-XIV saukuneTa mijniT aTariRebs.
xobis macxovris dasakec xatSi inaxeboda Tamar mefis gulsakidi
jvari, am xatze warweraa: `q. ¥i xato arsebisao, ucvalebelo, meox da
mfarvel meqmeniT aqa da saukunesa erisTavT erisTavi dadiani Sergir
da meuRle CemiT deofal deofali naTeliT, ZiTurT CemiT cotne-
TurT~ (13;153), eqvTime TayaiSvilis azriT, es xati Sergil dadianis
TaosnobiT unda gakeTebuliyo. martvilis taZris kankelis marjvniv,
kedelze, xatis dasasvenebeli marmarilos lamazi svetebiani niSi
yofila miSenebuli, romlis kamaraze yovel mxares asomTavruliT
dadiani Sergir yofila dawerili, am niSze xis patara eklesiis mode-
li mdgara, masSi Casvenebuli yofila RvTismSoblis xati, romelsac

27
eqvTime TayaiSvili X saukuniT aTariRebs, Sergils eqvTime cotne
dadianis mamad miiCnevs (13; 125). eqvTime TayaiSvilis mixedviT mart-
vilis did samitropolito anu saWyondidlo jvars, romelsac is
XII saukuniT aTariRebs aqvs warwera: `qriste, adide dadiani giorgi
orTave Sina cxorebaTa, amin~ (13; 667-68). levan meore dadianis mier
ganaxlebul Samadavla dadianis sigelSi (1611-1657) CamoTvlilia
dadianebi: giorgi, vameyi, Sergili, Samadavla, sadac aSkarad darR-
veulia asakobrivi rigiToba (97; 208-211). vamey I mTavrobda 1384-1396
wlebSi, xolo vamey II 1396-1414 wlebSi. amis Semdgom arcerTi dadiani
ar aris cnobili Sergilis saxelwodebiT. rigi darRveulia xobis
macxovris xatis warwerazec, sadac eraSahri rigiT pirvelia, xolo
zugdidis muzeumis warwerebian qvaze eraSahri boloSi weria. Tamaz
beraZe, rodesac odiSis erisTavTa siaze saubrobs, xazs usvams im ga-
remoebas, rom: `XIII saukunis bevri piri, romlebic ueWvelad dadianTa
gvars miekuTvneba, masSi ar gvxvdeba (40; 160)~, is SeniSnavs, rom erT-
daimave epoqaSi moRvawe dadianebi erTdroulad atareben erisTavT
erisTavis, an mandaturTuxucesis tituls. gamoiTqva mosazreba odi-
Sis teritoriaze ori administraciuli erTeulis arsebobisa, magram
amis dasamtkicebeli myari argumentebi ar arsebobs (40; 161). rogorc
vxedavT XIII saukunis dadianebis Sesaxeb zemoT motanili warwerebze
dayrdnobiT, saboloo daskvnis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia.
Sergili da cotne dadianebi gamorCeuli pirebi iyvnen, SemTxve-
viTi ar aris, rom Sergilis saxeli Tamar mefis jvaris Sesanax xatze
da martvilis taZris kankelTan arsebul saxateSi ikiTxeba. isini
ixseniebian ierusalimis jvris monastris aRapebSi (42; 88. 96. 101).
akademikosi elene metreveli 1962 wels gamocemul wignSi `masalebi
ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istoriisaTvis (XI-XVII ss.)~ aRniSnavs,
rom `qarTlis cxovreba~ icnobs mxolod koxtasTavis gmirs _ cotne
dadians. is Tvlis, rom es Canawerebi paleografiulad miekuTvneba
XIII saukunes (42; 145.161). 1974 wels ki, man vaxtang beriZisa da Tina-
Tin virsalaZis Sromebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis mixedviTac xobis
taZarSi freskaze arsebuli Sergili da cotne TiTqos XIII saukunis
bolosa da XIV saukunis moRvaweebi arian, gadaaTariRa dadianebis
aRapebic. am sakiTxebze avtori varaudebiT, mosazrebebiT msjelobs,
xolo daskvnas ki mtkicebulebiTi formiT warmoadgens da ambobs,
rom aRapebis mixedviT XIII saukuneSi moRvaweobs `...ori cotne da-
diani: erTi _ koxtasTavis ajanyebis gmiri Tavisi meuRliT naTeliT,
xolo meore _ Sergil da naTel dadianebis Ze~, rac vfiqrobT dRes
arsebuli sabuTebiT naklebad damajerebelia (43; 227-233).
cotnes pirovnebas `JamTaaRmwereli~ lakoniurad, magram Za-
lian metyvelad da naTlad gvisuraTxatebs: `...dadiani cotne, kaci

28
patiosani da saTnoebiani da brZolaTa Sina saxelovani...~ (44; 78).
amave wyaroSi koxtasTavis SeTqmulebis dros cotne da bediani (be-
dani) dadianebi erTad arian moxseniebulni (44; 79.97). Tamaz beraZis
mixedviT bediani da bedani erTi da igive piris saxelia (39; 157-159).
bedianic kargad Seumkia JamTaaRmwerels, ajanyebis momzadebis mizniT
koxtasTavs Sekrebilebidan pirvel rigSi `uSores myofni afxazni,
dadiani da bediani, kaci keTili da sruli saRmrToTa da sakacoboTa,
da raWis erisTavi warvides kazmad~ (44; 97). koxtasTavis 1245 wlis Se-
Tqmulebis Semdeg `qarTlis cxovreba~ arafers ambobs cotnes an misi
STamomavlebis Sesaxeb, bedian (bedan) dadiani ki `JamTaaRmwerels~
moxseniebuli yavs 1259 wlis movlenebis dros sxva didgvarovnebTan
erTad, rodesac daviT narini dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ quTaisSi
gadavida (44; 110). jer jerobiT yvelaze sando wyaro cotnes epoqis
Sesaxeb `JamTaaRmwerelia~, is ki arafers ambobs koxtasTavis SeTq-
mulebis Semdgom cotnes Sesaxeb. wesiT iseTi politikur moRvaweze,
romelsac TviT monRolebma gauwies angariSi istoriul wyaroebSi
unda asaxuliyo.
amitom STabeWdileba iqmneba TiTqos cotnesTan Sewyda Sergil
da cotne dadianebis Stos arseboba. cnobilia, rom samegreloSi
XVII saukunis miwurulamde swored giorgi I dadianis STamomavle-
bi mTavrobdnen (45; 204). marTalia Tanamedrove taZris CrdiloeT
kedelze gamosaxulia giorgi I dadianis freskuli gamosaxuleba,
saydris modeliT xelSi, romelsac Tan axlavs qtitoruli warwera,
magram didi albaTobiT giorgi dadians eklesiis aSeneba cariel ad-
gilze ki ara, Zveli, im droisaTvis dazianebuli nagebobis adgilze
mouwia. cnobili mecnieri levan rCeuliSvili giorgi dadians ar
miiCnevs xobis taZris pirvel da erTpirovnul maSeneblad, is wers:
`giorgi dadians xelSi eklesia uWiravs, rac udaod adasturebs mis
monawileobas taZris aSenebaSi~ (28; 257). SesaZloa `momcro eklesiis~
dazianebis mizezi stiqiuri movlena an mtris Semosevebi yofiliyo
(magaliTad 1275 wlis 14 aprilis an 1281 Tu 1283 wlebSi saqarTvelo-
Si momxdari didi miwisZvra (38; 106). rogorc Cans, giorgi dadianma
Zveli Senobis mniSvnelovani nawilebi gamoiyena. sxvanairad axsna ver
eZebneba taZris Werze da sakurTxevelSi arsebul freskis pirvelad
XIII saukunis dasawyisis fenebs. taZris samxreTis navSi arsebuli Ser-
gil dadianis ojaxis freska ki, rogorc aRiniSna XIII-XIV saukuneebis
mijniT TariRdeba (24; 8-9), rac giorgi dadianis (+1323 w.) zeobis
xanas emTxveva. didi albaTobiT man miaSena `momcro taZars~ gverdiTi
navebi da dasavleTi nawili. saZvale Zveli taZris mklavis kedliT
mowyvetili aRmoCnda saerTo sivrcisagan. arqeologiuri gaTxrebis
mimoxilvisas, Cven aRvniSneT, rom akldamis uZvelesi fena dafaruli

29
iyo naSali duRabisa da kirqvis feniT, romelic akldamis wriuli
TaRis Caqcevis Sedegad unda warmoqmniliyo, bunebrivia igi taZarTan
erTad unda dazianebuliyo. cxadia navebis miSenebisas unda gaeke-
TebinaT saZvalis dasavleTiT kari, romelic Tavidanve ufunqciod
darCa. am dros saZvalis TaRi mTeli rom yofiliyo, maSin is karis
Wrilis qveda safexurs simaRleSi mniSvnelovnad acdeboda, Tan zed
iatakic xom unda daegoT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sruliad SeuZlebeli
gaxdeboda taZris saerTo farTobidan gamoyofil saZvalis samwir-
veloSi Sesvla, Sesabamisad iq arc freskis gamosaxvas eqneboda azri.
gamoyofili mcire sivrce faqtiurad gamouyenebeli rCeboda, amitom,
savaraudod giorgi dadianis brZanebiT saZvalis CrdiloeTiT ked-
lebidan gamoRebul iqna Wrilebi da igi SeuerTes saerTo sivrces.
albaT am droisaTvis Sergil dadianis saojaxo xazic Sewyvetilia
da am saZvaliT sxva ver isargeblebs, amitom giorgi dadianis mier
navebis miSenebis dros saZvalis TaRi ar aRudgeniaT, igi saerTo
sivrcis iatakis doneze gaaswores, xolo misive brZanebiT taZris
moxatvisas, albaT, Zveli taZris kedelze arsebuli Sergilis ojaxis
freska axali minaSenis samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi gamosaxes, saZvalis
Tavze, riTac giorgi dadianma pativi miago Tavis naTesavebis xsovnas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Sergil dadianis ojaxis freska mecniere-
bis mier daTariRebulia XIII-XIV s. mijniT, ar aris aucilebeli, am
freskaze gamosaxuli pirebic imave periodis moRvaweebad miviCnioT,
miTumetes Tu iuza xuskivaZis mixedviT, giorgi dadiani (+1323 w.)
XVII saukuneSi gadmoxates da sxva adgilas gamosaxes xobis taZarSi,
ratom unda yofiliyo SeuZlebeli XIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
moRvawe adamianebis gamosaxva XIII-XIV saukunis mijnis freskaze. iva-
ne javaxiSvilis mixedviT, Suasaukuneebis saqarTveloSi scodniaT
didgvarovnebis sicocxleSive suraTebis daxatva, (46; 135-137), amis
Sesaxeb lambertic wers (48; 43). SeiZleba daSveba imisa, rom Sergilis
ojaxis freska amdagvari suraTis meSveobiT gamoesaxaT, magram Cven
ufro marTebuli gvgonia mosazreba, rom Sergilis saojaxo freska
`momcro~ taZridan gadmoexataT.
taZris samxreTis navis samxreTis kedlis naxevarsvetze RvTism-
Sobelia gamosaxuli, xelmarjvniv ki, cruTaRebqveS RvTismSoblisad-
mi vedrebad xelapyrobili Sergil, naTel, cotne da Tamar dadianebi
iyvnen gamosaxulni (freska amJamad daculia saqarTvelos xelovnebis
muzeumSi). gverdiT, cru TaRqveS, freska ar SemorCenila. wesiTa aq
Sergilis mSoblebi unda yofiliyvnen gamosaxulni. Zveli freskebi
da CuqurTmebi bevr simboloebs inaxavs, romlis wakiTxva da axsna
uWirs Tanamedrove adamians. SesaZloa, saZvalis Tavze gamosaxuli
ioane naTlismcemlis Tavis kveTis scenebi imas mianiSnebdes, rom aq

30
iseTi adamianebia arian dakrZaluli, romlebsac ara Tu RvTisaTvis
saTno saqme ukeTebiaT, aramed Tavi gauwiravT kidec. Sergil dadia-
nis freskaze Sergilisa da cotnesagan gansxvavebiT naTelsa da Ta-
mars Saravandedi adgaT Tavze. SesaZloa, maSin rodesac es adamianebi
freskaze gamosaxes, gardacvlilebi iyvnen da albaT gansakuTrebuli
madlmosilebis gamo gamosaxes ase (sur. 16).
Znelia imis mtkiceba Tu rodis aSenda `momcro taZari~ da saZva-
le, magram Tu Cveni mosazreba sworia, maSin Sergilis ojaxis freska
iq unda gamoesaxaT XIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedis farglebSi, sava-
raudod cotnes yrmobis wlebSi. vfiqrobT, sxva cotneze saubari,
jerjerobiT, sanam axali sabuTebi ar aRmoCenila, SeuZlebelia. dRes
Znelia dabejiTebiT mtkiceba imisa, saZvaleSi dakrZalul pirTagan,
romeli Zvali vis ekuTvnis. kargi iqneboda saZvaleSi arsebul Zvle-
bze genetikuri analizebis Catareba, rac minimum imis saSualebas
mogvcemda, rom zustad daTariRebuliyo maTi asaki. levan II dadiani
xobisadmi mamulebis mflobelobis ganaxlebis sigelSi acxadebs, rom
swored xobSi arian dakrZalulni misi didi winaprebi: `...xofis taZar-
sa Sina gansuenebulTa, misaZinelTa da saZualTa pirvel kurTxeul-
Ta da saukunod gansuenebulTa patiosanTa da saxelovanTa ZuelTa
CuenTa pa[pa]Ta da papis-pap[a]Ta yovlad sanatrelTa: giorgi, vamey,
Sergil da samadavle...~, (97; 208-211). rafiel erisTavs cnobiT xobis
taZari aris Zvel dadianTa saZvale da samudamo gansasvenebeli (49;
N3), mRvdel-monazoni kalistrate wers: `xopi rogorc sakaTalikoso
taZari, uwindel dadianebis sasaflao rom yofila es eWv-gareSea~
(11;40). swored xobis uZvelesi saZvalis Tavzea gamosaxuli Sergil,
naTel, cotne da Tamar dadianebis ojaxis freska. gasaTvaliswinebe-
lia xalxuri tradiciebi da gadmocemebic, romlis mixedviTac cotne
xobSia dakrZaluli. yuradReba unda mivaqcioT im garemoebasac, rom
CvenSi arsebuli wesiT, rac ar unda Sors iyos gardacvlili adamia-
ni, yovelTvis cdiloben Camoasvenon da sakuTar saZvaleSi miuCinon
adgili micvalebuls. amis Sesaxeb pavle ingoroyva wers: `cnobilia,
rom didi gvareulobis wevrT krZalavdnen sagvareulo taZarSi, maT
samflobeloSi, (im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac didi gvareulobis wevri
ucxoeTSi gardaicvleboda, wesad iyo miRebuli misi samSobloSi
Camosveneba, sagvareulo taZarSi dakrZalva)~ (50; 684). ase iyo 1533
wels, rodesac mamia dadianma da mamia gurielma ilaSqres jiqeTSi,
es kampania marcxiT dasrulda, dadiani brZolaSi daiRupa, misma
axloblebma yvelaferi iRones imisaTvis, rom misi cxedari samSo-
bloSi CamoesvenebinaT (33; 811). zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare
vfiqrobT, cotne dadianic unda iyos dakrZaluli iq, sadac Zvel
dadianTa saZvalea.

31
 gza ierusalimidan xobis monastramde
xobis monasteri RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobisa iyo da Se-
sabamisad dawesebuli iyo sataZro dResaswauli, romelsac xobis
mariamobas, `maraSinobas~ uwodebdnen. maraSina megrul da lazur
enebze mariamis xsenebas niSnavs.
warmogidgenT zogierT cnobas xobis mariamobis-maraSinobis
dResaswaulis Sesaxeb:
1669 wels saukuneSi ruseTis imperatorisadmi gagzavnil werilSi
imereTis mefe bagrat aleqsandres Ze aRniSnavda, rom `yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis miZinebis dResaswaulze kvarTs sanawile kolofidan
amoasveneben da sadideblad taZris Sua gulSi daasveneben, rom aq rw-
meniT mosuli marTlmadidebeli qristianebi emTxvion...~(51; 162-164).
1853 w. gazeTi `kavkazi~, n. dunkel velingis cnobiT: `...iq yve-
laferi adamianisaa, aq ki yvelaferi ekuTvnis RmerTs. weliwadSi
erTxel RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRes savanis Cveulebrivi mdumareba
icvleba aq mosuli uamravi adamianis xmauriT. es sataZro dResaswau-
lis dRea. mlocvelebi maxlobeli adgilebidan aqeTken moiCqarian,
taZari ki gulTbilad Rebulobs maT da asobiT sanTeli bJutavs
wmindanTa saxeebis winaSe~ (16; 4).
rafiel erisTavis xelnaweris mixedviT: `…dResa y˜d wmidisa
RmrTismSoblis miZinebisasa, Semdgomad srulyofisa saRmrTos litu-
rRiisa, sakurTxevelidan gamoisuenebis kvarTis kubo igi SesamosliT
samRvdeloTa mier winaZRomiTa lamparTaTa da kmeviTa, sadaca misT-
vis momzadebul analogiazed samkal eklesiisa daisvenebis da daiwye-
ba savedrebeli locva y˜d wmidis RmrTismSoblisa muxl dadgomiT
da zeviT sadaca mun mdgomarenica erni aRavlenen mxurvalis sarw-
munoebiT vedrebasa RmrTismSoblisa mimarT...~ (21; 4) (ix. danarTi 1).
Jurnali `kavkazskaia starina~, 1873 w. N 3, ianvari. mgzavris Se-
niSvnebi samegreloSi T-d r. d. erisTavisa: ...`yovel wels 15 agvistos
aq tardeba sataZro dResaswauli, sadac Tavs iyrian mlocvelebi,
rogorc Soreuli adgilebidan, aseve mimdebare soflebidan~ (49; N3).
1898 w. `xopi. keTili kvali. misi yovlad usamRvdeloesoba guria-
mengreliis episkoposi aleqsandre xopis monasterSi. ...maTma meufebam
kaTedridan warmoTqva: Tqven aq gabariaT saqarTvelos sasiqadulo
siwmindeebi, romelic aris: RvTismSobli perangi, SesaniSnavi (sidi-
diT) Zeli WeSmariti, wm. qalwulmowamis marinas da kvirikes marjvena
mklavebi da sxva wmindanTa nawilebi, Zvirfasi xatebi da jvrebi. ...me
dRes vwirav Cemi jibidgan aTas maneTs, raTa am Tanxis sargeblisgan
aq msvenare siwmindeebis winaSe me msurs mudam iyos gauqrobeli lam-
pari~ (16; 93-94).

32
 1898 w. `daba xobi. yovel wels mariamobas am monasterSi iarmuko-
ba imarTeba da samegrelos axlo-maxlo soflebidan xalxi modis
salocavad, radgan 15 agvistos TviT monastris dReobaa (16; 95).
1889 w. `...am dResaswaulis pativsacemad, miuxedavad didi wvimisa,
13 agvistos mobrZanda guria-samegrelos episkoposi aleqsandre,
...taZris dResaswauloba, RamisTeviT TviTon Seasrula: arximandri-
tebiT, dekanozebiT, mRvdelmonazvnebiT da sxva samRvdeloebiT,
imdeni mlocvelebi iyvnen, rom TiTqmis or saaTs gagrZelda meufis
mier wm. zeTiT xalxis kurTxeva. meore dRes 15 agvistos, imave samR-
vdeloebiT Seasrula samRvTo liturgia; gardaixada RvTismSoblis
paraklisi muxlmodrekiT (16; 98-99).
1902 w. `dadga agvisto da xobelebma daiwyes sadResaswaulo mza-
deba. es dResaswauli ganTqmulia mTels samegreloSi, `maraSinoba~-
mariamobis dResaswauli, romelsac Tan mosdevs `iarmukoba~. (16; 121).
1904 w. `dabidan sami versze nojixevis sazogadoebis sofel biis
sazRvarze, mdebareobs Zveli xobis monasteri, sadac yoveli wlis
agvistoSi tardeba `maraSinoba-mariamobis~ bazroba, romelic erTi
kvira grZeldeba. es monasteri mdinare xobiswylis marcxena sanapi-
roze, maRal borcvze mdebareobs. aq aTamde beri cxovrobs, romle-
bsac xelmZRvanelobs arqimandriti simeoni. es ukanaskneli, miuxe-
davad Rrma xandazmulobisa, daucxromlad iRvwis Cveni monastris
gasaumjobeseblad~ (16; 142).
1912 w. `yovladsamRvdelo leonidis mogzauroba samegrelos
eklesiebis dasaTvaliereblad. xopis monasters abrwyinebs kvarTi
yovlad wmida RvTismSoblisa, mTeli marjvena mklavi xeliana qa-
lwulmowame marinesi da marcxena xeli wm. kvirikesi. mlocvelebis
simravliT xops vercerTi eklesia da monasteri ver daedreba same-
greloSi. am savanis dReoba igivea megrelebisaTvis, rac mowameToba
imerlebisaTvis, alaverdoba kaxelebisaTvis da gerisToba qarTle-
lebisaTvis. miZinebamde jer isev erTi kviris win wyobilobs xalxi
denas da TviT miZinebas imdeni mlocvelebi grovdebian, rom teva
aRaraa xolme monastris SigniT da gareT galavanSi. RamisTeviTi
locva da daujdomeli, agreTve meore dRis wirva da paraklisi Seas-
rula Cveulebrivi lmobierebiT, misma meufebam monastris krebuli
monawileobiT. paraklisis dawyebis win Semosilma berebma dadges
Sua eklesiaSi Tav-axdili `larnaki~, romelSic asvenia yovlad wminda
RvTismSoblis kvarTi, wm. marines mklavi~ (16;160).
mariamobis dResaswauls qristianuli samyaro didi zeimiT aRniS-
navda da aRniSnavs, magram riT iyo gansxvavebuli `xobis mariamoba-ma-
raSinoba~? zemoT motanili cnobebidan gamomdinare, gansxvavebulobas

33
is gansazRvravda, rom aq damkvidrebuli mravalsaukunovani tradiciis
Sesabamisad, swored xobis taZarSi mariamobas amoasveneben RvTismSo-
blis kvarTs rwmeniT mosuli marTlmadidebeli qristianebisaTvis
(sur. 8). bunebrivia Cndeba kiTxvebi: ra droidan aris kvarTi xobSi
dasvenebuli? ratom xobis taZarSi? gana saqarTveloSi nakleb mniSvne-
lovani taZrebi arsebobdnen? Tundac arqiteqtoruli da xelovnebis
maRali donis gaTvaliswinebiT. vidre am sakiTxebze visaubrebdeT
sainteresoa ra mosazrebebi arsebobs, imis Sesaxeb Tu ra gza gaiara
RvTismSoblis kvarTma ierusalimidan xobis monastramde.
don ioseb mari Zampis (1672-1673) mixedviT `iakobineli beri kla-
vdius rota RvTismSoblis miZinebis Sesaxeb gadmocemaSi ambobs, rom
didi damaskelisa da konstantinopoleli arqiepiskoposis wm. germa-
nes sityvebiT dedofalma pulqerianem imperator maqsimianes dros
baltemad wodebul adgilas, RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia aaSena.
aq imperatorma moiwvia ierusalimis episkoposi iubenali da sxva
palestineli episkoposebi, romlebic qalkedonis saeklesio krebis
gamo konstantinopolSi imyofebodnen da mimarTa maT aseTi sityve-
biT: Cven gavigeT, rom wminda RvTismSobeli dakrZalulia geTsimaniis
velze da gvsurs, rom es wminda gvami Cvens dedaqalaqSi gvqondes;
amitom dae igi gadmotanil iqnas mTeli SesaZlebeli didebiTo. ama-
ze iubenalma upasuxa: saRmrTo werilSi naTqvamia, rom misi sxeuli
amaRlda didebiT da saflavSi darCa mxolod tansacmeli da sudara,
romliTac misi wminda gvami iyo Sesudrulio. am mRvdelmTavarma es
wminda reliqviebi konstantinopolSi gamogzavna da igi Sesanaxad
gadasces im eklesias, romelzedac Cven axlaxan vilaparakeT~ (52; 157).
wm. dimitri rostovelis mixedviT `rodesac markianem da pul-
qeriam aaSenes vlaqernaSi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxelobis
taZari, maT misweres wminda iubenals: iciT Tu ara Tqven sad aris
dakrZaluli RvTismSobeli? patriarqma upasuxa, rom ar icis, Tumca
gaixsena Zveli gadmocema, Tu rogor iyo dakrZaluli RvTismSo-
beli, rogor esmodaT wminda mociqulebs sami dRis ganmavlobaSi
angelozebis galoba da rogor gaxsnes RvTismSoblis saflavi sami
dRis Semdeg, erTi mowafis gamo, romelic ar imyofeboda dakrZalvis
dros, maT ver naxes RvTismSoblis sxeuli, magram naxes Sesamoslebi.
imperatorma da dedofalma isev misweres patriarqs, gamoegzavna
RvTismSoblis Sesamoslebi, rac patriarqma Seasrula (53; 39-40 ).
giorgi kalandia, dekanozi malxaz Wanturia, zaur jalaRonia,
vaJa fifia da feride afaqiZe RvTismSoblis kvarTis ierusalimidan
konstantinopolSi gadasvenebas ukavSireben V saukuneSi mcxovreb
konstantinopolel Zmebs kandidsa da galviuss, rac Cveni azriT
ar unda iyos swori (54; 198. 55; 9-10). giorgi kalandia Tavis wignSi

34
`odiSis saepiskoposoebi~ gadmogvcems ierusalimidan konstantino-
polSi kandidisa da galviusis mier RvTismSoblis `kvarTis~ gada-
tanis Sesaxeb (54; 198-199), is dayrdnobia sofio snesorevas naSroms,
sadac rusi avtori RvTismSoblis samoselis aRsaniSnavad iyenebs
sityvas `rizas~ (риза) (56; 120-122), rac mas kvarTad CauTvlia. aqedan
gamomdinare giorgi kalandia varaudobs, rom RvTismSoblis kvarTi
konstantinopolis dacemamde, e.i. 1453 wlamde bizantiaSi inaxebodao
(54; 204). Cven gansxvavebuli mosazreba gagvaCnia. sakiTxis garkvevi-
saTvis aucilebelia vicodeT tansacmlis ra saxeobaa kvarTi. ivane
javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, `rom saqarTveloSi didi gansxvaveba ar iyo
mamakacisa da qalis tanisamoss Soris~ (47; 72), ra Tqma unda igive md-
gomareoba iyo imdroindel msoflioSic. didi mecnieris ganmartebiT,
sityva perangi sparsulidanaa Semosuli da igi XI saukuneze adrindel
qarTul wyaroebSi ar gvxvdeba, manamde ki xmarebaSi iyo qarTuli
saxeli `kuarTi~, rasac naTargmni Zeglebis dedanTan Sedarebisas
Seesabameba berZnuli sityva `qitoni~, iv. javaxiSvils mxedvelobaSi
aqvs berZnuli da qarTuli saxareba: ioane 19; 23.24. Zvelad grZeli
perangi icodnen, qalis tanisamosis qveviT unda gamoCeniliyo, mamaka-
cisa ufro mokle iyo, magram Cveulebrivze ufro grZeli (47; 84-85).
RvTismSoblis im samoss, romelic 1923 wlamde xobis monasterSi
iyo dasvenebuli da amJamad daculia zugdidis muzeumSi levan II
dadiani uwodebs kvarTs, lamberti perangs, imereTis mefe bagrat
aleqsandres Ze `срачица~-s, rac saeklesio-slavuri sityvaa da Seesa-
bameba perangi, vaxuSti batoniSvili perangs, rafiel erisTavi kvarTs,
dimitri meRvineTuxucesiSvili kvarTs, 1873 wels rusul enaze sa-
qarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantoris komisiis mier Sedgenil
xobis monastris qonebis aRweraSi aRniSnulia xitoni, mRvdelmona-
zoni kalistrate wers kvarTs (perangs), nikodime kondakovi xitons
(57;91), wm. episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe) perangs, episkoposi
leonide (oqropiriZe) kvarTs, XIX saukunisa da XX saukunis pirveli
meoTxedis qarTul presaSi iwereba kvarTi, 1923 wlis aqtSi, romel-
sac xels aweren profesori g. CubinaSvili, samegrelos (zugdidis)
muzeumis direqtori ak. Wanturia, zugdidis mazris aRmaskomis wevri
i. Sonia weria `kvarTi~ (58; 34). rogorc vxedavT Suasaukuneebidan
moyolebuli RvTismSoblis im samoss, romelic xobis monasterSi iyo
dasvenebuli erTi da igive mniSvnelobis saxels _ kvarTs uwodeben,
iSviaTad qitons _ perangs.
ioanes saxarebaSi me-19-e TavSi weria: `23. da erisaganTa maT,
romelTa juars-acues iesu, moiRes samoseli misi da ganiyves oTxad
nawilad, TiToeulman erisaganman nawili. xolo kuarTi igi, rameTu
iyo ukervel, zeiT gamoqsovil yovlad. 24. Tques ukue urTierTas:

35
ara ganvxioT ese, aramed wil vigdoT amas zeda, visica iyos, rai-
Ta aResrulos werili igi: ganiyves samoseli Cemi Tavisa maTisa da
kuarTsa Cemsa zeda ganigdes wili. erisaganTa maT ese yves (59.211)~.
rusul saxarebaSi igive nawili ase ikiTxeba: `23. Воины же когда распяли
Иесуса, взяли одежды Его и разделили на четыре части, каждому воину по
части и хитон; хитон же был не сшитый, а весь тканый сверху. 24. Итак сказали
друг другу: не станем раздирать его, а бросим о нем жребий, чей будет, _ да
сбудется реченное в Писании: разделили ризы Мои между собою и об одежде
Моей бросали жребий. так поступили воины~ (60; 1157). aq naTlad Cans,
rom kvarTi anu `хитон~-i da samoseli anu `riza~ tanisamosis ori
sxvadasxva saxea. Риза saeklesio-slavuri sityvaa da tansacmlis zo-
gadi saxelia. rusebi `rizas~ uwodeben felons, romelic usaxelo
grZeli mosasxamia.
vnaxoT rogor aris ganmartebuli kvarTi da `риза~ sxvadasxva
leqsikonebSi: niko CubinaSvilis leqsikonis mixedviT kvarTi aris
perangi, хитон-i, xolo feloni _ риза, usaxelo grZeli mosasxamia. sx-
vadasxva leqsikonebSi, maT Soris saeklesio-slavuri enis ganmartebiT
leqsikonebSi sityva `риза-riza~ zogadad tansacmlis aRmniSvnelia, anu
`riza~ konkretuli saxis samosis aRmniSvneli ar aris, `riza~ niSnavs
mxolod wmindanTa da sasuliero daniSnulebis samoss (61. 62. 63. 64.
65. 66. 67. 68). bizantiologi p. m. kuzenkovi samarTlianad SeniSnavs,
rom berZnulidan naTargmni slavuri teqstebi (igulisxmeba saekle-
sio-rusuli. g.C. ix. danarTi 6. 7.) xSirad erTmaneTisgan ar ansxvavebs
samosels (riza), kabas da mosasxams (maforioni) (69; 69). qarTul enaSi
wmindanTa nebismier samoss konkretuli saxeli qvia da xobis monas-
terSi dasvenebul samossac konkretul saxels kvarTs uwodebdnen,
iSviaTad gamoxatavdnen sinonimebiTac (perangi da qitoni).
ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kalendarSi yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis safarvelis (rus. Покров) dResaswauli (aRiniSneba
Zv. st. 1, ax. st. 14 oqtombers) 12 udides dResaswaulis rigSia Se-
tanili, misi winare istoria ki aseTia: wm. andria salosi (IX-X ss.)
bizantielebis mixedviT skviTi iyo, mas rusebi slavad Tvlian. wm.
andriam erTxel vlaqernis taZarSi RamiT locvisas ixila ambionidan
sakurTxevelSi Semavali RvTismSobeli, romelmac Tavidan moixsna
`omofori-safarveli~ da gadaafara taZarSi Sekrebilebs (70;391-392).
RvTismSobelma Tavisi mfarvelobis niSnad swored is samosi gadaafa-
ra xalxs, romelic vlaqernis taZarSi iyo dasvenebuli. am siwmindes
gulisxmobda albaT aTonidan konstantinopolSi mimavali timoTe
gabaSvili, 1754 wels, rodesac werda: `da aRvediT navsa safarveliTa
yovlad wmidisaTa da locviTa maT mamaTaTa, da mohbera notosman
qarman amod~ (71; 55). rusebs aseve gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba

36
aqvT konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi RvTismSoblis samoselis
dadebis dResaswaulisadmi (aRiniSneba Zv. st 2, ax. st.15 ivliss).
rusebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba imas ki ara aqvs, Tu RvTismSoblis sa-
moselis romeli saxe daido vlaqernis taZarSi, aramed im saswaulebs,
romelic moxda vlaqernis taZarSi da ukavSirdeba rusebs. maTTvis
es erovnuli mniSvnelobis movlenaa, radgan 860 wels RvTismSobelma
konstantinopoli saswaulebrivad ixsna Semoseuli warmarTebisagan,
romelTa Soris rusuli razmebic iyvnen askoldisa da diris meTau-
robiT. RvTismSobelma ara marto konstantinopoli gadaarCina ganad-
gurebas, aramed, momxduri rusebic ixsna warmarTobis sibnelisagan,
radgan qristes rjuls pirvelad swored am saswaulis Semdeg eziar-
nen rusi mTavrebi askoldi da diri. ruseTSi saxelmwifo religiad
qristianoba mogvianebiT 988 wels gamocxadda.
qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiac aRniSnavs konstantinopo-
lis vlaqernis taZarTan dakavSirebul dResaswaulebs, magram isini
didi dResaswaulebis rigSi ar aris Setanili. qarTuli realoba
Zirfesvianad gansxvavdeba rusulisagan, rusebma konstantinopolSi
RvTismSoblis mier momxdar saswaulebs daukavSires qristes rjul-
Tan pirveli ziareba. saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrceleba uflis
wyalobiT uSualod RvTismSobels ukavSirdeba. swored RvTismSo-
blis miwieri cxovrebis bolos, misive davalebiT Camovida CvenTan
andria pirvelwodebuli. macxovarma da RvTismSobelma Rirsi ga-
gvxades im didi saswaulisa, rom Cvens qveyanaSi zogadad samoseli ki
ara, konkretulad: aRmosavleTSi _ qristes kvarTi, xolo dasavleT
saqarTveloSi _ RvTismSoblisa msvenarebs, rac ar unda iyos SemTx-
veviTi movlena. Cveni erovnuli dResaswauli RvTismSoblis kvarTisa,
romelic xobis monasterSi yovelwliurad mariamobas aRiniSneboda
1923 wels bolSevikebma moSales.
RvTismSoblis samosis konstantinopolSi gadatanis Sesaxeb weria
VII saukunis damdegis berZnul enaze Sesrulebul naSromSi, romlis
avtori Teodore singelozia, (mecnierTa nawili Tvlis, rom am naSro-
mis avtori IX saukuneSi moRvawe konstantinopolis wm. sofios taZris
sasuliero piri giorgia, romelic Semdgom nikomidiis mitropoliti
gamxdara), visargebleT rusul enaze Sesrulebuli TargmaniT: mariam
RvTismSobels miZinebis win samoseli (Риза) ebraeli qalwulisTvis
dautovebia da uTxovia, rom sikvdilis moaxloebisas is sxva qalwu-
lisTvis gadaeca. imperator leon didis (457-471) dros Zmebi kan-
didi da galviosi, romlebic arianelebi yofilan. gamgzavrebulan
ierusalimSi, sadac erT-erTi qaliSvilis saxlSi gaugiaT siwmindis
Sesaxeb, romelic kidobanSi iyo Casvenebuli. Zmebma gadawyvites sa-
moselis (Риза) gataceba, maT saidumlod daamzades kidobnis asli.

37
RamiT Secvales is da wamoiRes. konstantinopolSi Casul Zmebs sur-
daT mefisa da patriarqisaTvis daemalaT da TavisTvis daetovebinaT
Zvirfasi ganZi, magram mixvdnen, rom saswaulTmoqmedebis gamo ver
damalavdnen. isini mividnen imperatorTan da patriarqTan, romle-
bic mividnen kandidisa da galviosis saxlSi, SiSiTa da krZalviT
miuaxlovdnen kidobans da Semdgom didi zeimiT gadaasvenes vlaqer-
nis eklesiaSi (72; 232. 73; 590). amis Semdeg maT daadgines, rom yove-
lwliurad 2 ivliss aReniSnaT RvTismSoblis samoselis (Риза) dadebis
dResaswauli (53; 30-34). wm. dimitri rostovelisa (53; 30-34) da sofia
snesorevas (56; 120-122) SromebSic igivea moTxrobili, magram maT
gamotovebuli aqvT galviusisa da kandidis arianeloba. wlebia sazo-
gadoebas ise miewodeba informacia, TiTqos zemoT aRniSnuli avto-
rebis mixedviT, V saukuneSi bizantielma Zmebma kandidma da galviosma
ierusalimidan konstantinopolSi RvTismSoblis kvarTi Caitanes,
rac ar aris swori, radgan: pirveli, rusul teqstSi zemoTxsenebul
avtorebs RvTismSoblis samoselis aRsaniSnavad uweriaT wmindanTa
tansacmlis zogadad aRmniSvneli sityva _ riza (риза) da ara kvarTis
konkretulad aRmniSvneli sityva xitoni (хитон), rogorc es ioanes
saxarebaSia weria (60; 1157). amitomac im rusulenovan teqstebs, sadac
wmindanTa tansacmelzea saubari frTxilad unda movekidoT, maTi
erTmniSvnelovnad ndoba ar SeiZleba; meore, IX saukunis bizantiel
moRvawes wm. ioseb himnografs dauweria RvTismSoblis samoselis
vlaqernaSi dadebisadmi miZRvnili sagalobeli, sadac IV kanonis me-9
simReraSi berZnul teqstSi arsebuli sityva `μαφόριον _ maforioni~
_ mosasxami, safarveli, romelic saeklesio-rusul enaze Targmnilia
rogorc `riza~ samoseli (69; 92.95) ( ix. danarTi 6. 7.). X saukunis
berZeni moRvawis simeon logoTetis mixedviT 860 wels rusebis mier
alyaSemortymul konstantinopolSi, imperatorma da patriarqma er-
Tad iloces vlaqernis taZarSi, gamoitanes RvTismSoblis mosasxami
(maforioni) CauSves zRvaSi, amovarda saSineli qariSxali da rusebis
floti ganadgurada (69; 9.114.120). bizantiolog p. m. kuzenkovis mi-
xedviT konstantintinopolSi RvTismSoblis ramdenime samosi yofila
Senaxuli, maT Soris gansakuTrebiT cnobili vlaqernis mosasxami
(maforioni), xalkopratiis taZarSi ki kaba da patiosani sartyeli
(69; 69). XII saukunis laTinur xelnawerSi (merkatis anonimi), romelic
adrindeli, Cvenamde ar moRweuli berZnuli teqstidan unda iyos
Targmnili, aRwerilia konstantinopolSi arsebuli siwmindeebi, maT
Soris RvTismSoblis tansacmeli: misi mosasxami (maforioni), sar-
tylis nawili, fexsacmeli, qristesa da misi dedis sxvadasxva wminda
sagnebi (74; 439). vlaqernis taZris gverdiT meore eklesiaSi inaxeba
inaxeba RvTismSoblis sartyeli da xeljoxi (74; 451-452).

38
 d. esadis cnobiT vlaxernis taZari iTvleboda bizantiis impe-
ratorebis karis eklesiad; aq yofila dasvenebuli RvTismSoblis
omofori, romelsac Seesabameba ierusalimSi gavrcelebuli mosasxami
(berZnul enaze _ μαφόριον maforioni) (75;133). qristianuli saeklesio
leqsikis berZnul-rusuli leqsikonis mixedviT `μαφόριον _ МАФОРИЙ
икон. (длинное женское покрывало, спускающееся с головы до пятю)~, e.i.
maforioni aris qsovilis naWeri, mosasxami, saburavi, safarveli
romelic faravda qalis sxeulis Tavidan fexis terfamde (65;125).
maforions, mosasxams xelis gasayreli ara aqvs, xolo kvarTs, qitons
grZeli an mokle saxelo anu xelis gasayreli aqvs.
zemoTxsenebul berZnul da laTinur wyaroebSi konstantinopolSi
dasvenebul RvTismSoblis siwnindeTa Soris saerTod ar ixsenieba kvar-
Ti-qitoni. konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi dasvenebuli yofila
RvTismSoblis mosasxami, safarveli (мафорий _ rus. μαφόριον _ berZn.).
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqebis: aleqsi II-sa da ki-
riles redaqciiT Sedgenil `marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~
mixedviT: mosasxami, safarveli (мафорий _ rus. μαφόριον _ berZn.) V
saukuneSi dasvenebuli yofila konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZris
siwmindeTasacavSi. mis gamoCenas konstantinopolSi ukavSireben gal-
viussa da kandids. Teodore singelozis mixedviT 624-625 wlebSi is
vlaqernis taZarSia. XIV saukuneSi nikifore kalista wers RvTismSo-
blis sudaraze da sartyelis nawilze, romelic V saukuneSi daud-
viaT vlaqernis taZarSi. arada swored mosasxami, safarveli (мафорий
_ rus. μαφόριον _ berZn.) iTvleboda konstantinopolis mTavar da
mfarvel siwminded. saeWvoa, rom gvianbizantiur periodSi (XIII-XIV ss.)
rusi momlocvelebi Tayvans `scemdnen~ am siwmindeebs. 1204 wlidan,
laTinuri okupaciis Semdgom konstantinopolSi namyofi dasavle-
Teli mogzaurebi saerTod ar axseneben zemoTxsenebul siwmindeebs.
rogorc Cans isini dasavleT evropaSi gaitanes (70;126-127). rogorc
vxedavT arc aq aris RvTismSoblis kvarTze, anu qitonze saubari.
1204 wlis Semdeg, rodesac evropelma jvarosnebma konstantino-
poli daipyres, bevri siwminde, maT Soris _ RvTismSobelTan dakavSi-
rebuli, Cvens mier zemoT xsenebuli RvTismSoblis mosasxami da kaba
dasavleT evropis qveynebSi gadaitanes. safrangeTis qalaq Sartris
RvTismSoblis saxelobis sakaTedro taZarSi dasvenebulia RvTismSo-
blis mosasxami (77), romelic 2012 wlis 22 dekembers erTi Tvis vadiT
CausvenebiaT da daubrZanebiaT moskovSi, ruseTis marTlmadideblur
universitetTan arsebul ioane RvTismetyvelis saxelobis taZarSi
(76). frangebi Tvlian, rom Sartris siwmindea, is samoseli, romelic
galviusma da kandidma Caitanes konstantinopolSi. germaniis qalaq

39
aaxenSi daculia RvTismSoblis kaba. romis luTeranul eklesiaSi
inaxeba RvTismSoblis samoselis nawili.
pirveli cnobebi xobis monasterSi kvarTis msvenarebis Sesaxeb
XVII saukunis pirveli naxevridan Cndeba, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom
manamde araTu xobis monastris, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos Sesaxe-
bac mwirma cnobebma moaRwies Cvenamde. cnobili mecnieri ilia an-
Telava aRniSnavda, rom `dasavleT saqarTvelos istoria jer kidev
naklebad Seswavlili ubania qarTul istoriografiaSi. es ganapiroba
TviT dasavleT saqarTvelos politikuri erTeulebis Znelbedobam,
romelTac XV saukunidan osmalTa militaristuli saxelmwifo gau-
mezoblda. ...SedarebiT ukeTes viTarebaSi uxdeba muSaoba imas, vinc
dasavleT saqarTvelos XVII saukunis istorias swavlobs. am periodSi
gamococxlda urTierToba dasavleT evropis qveynebTan, ruseTTan,
rac aisaxa dasavleT evropul (gansakuTrebiT italiur) misionerul
literaturaSi da rusul wyaroebSi~ (79; 6-7). samegrelos Sesaxeb wya-
roebis simcireze profesori Tamaz beraZec saubrobs (40; 162). bevri
xelnaweri swored mZime politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
gamo ganadgurda. magaliTad: rus elCebs aleqsi ievlievs da nikifo-
re toloCanovs (1650-1652) ukiTxavT: marTalia Tu ara `paliastomis
xatis~ quTaisSi gadmobrZanebis ambebi, mitropolit zaqarias uTqvams:
`wignSi WeSmaritad isea moTxrobili saswaulTmoqmedebis Sesaxeb, ro-
gorc giambeso~ (12; 140). am wigns samwuxarod Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
1640 wels rusma elCebma fedot elCinma da pavle zaxarievma iki-
Txes drandis monasterSi arsebuli wminda nawilebis warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb. qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma maT ganumartes, rom Sesabamisi
matianeebi Turqebma dawves, roca monasteri aaoxreso, zepirad ki ar
gvaxsovso (80; 223).
RvTismSoblis kvarTis xobis monasterSi Camosvenebis Sesaxeb
ramdenime versia arsebobs. mRvdel-monazoni kalistrate (CiCua) ar
aris darwmunebuli, magram uSvebs SesaZleblobas, rom RvTisSoblis
kvarTi levan II dadianis mier aris Camotanili (XVII saukunis II naxeva-
ri) (11; 29). 2015 wels gamocemul orenovan, qarTul-inglisuri sac-
nobaro xasiaTis bukletSi saxelwodebiT `vlaqernoba-VLAQERNOBA,
zugdidi-ZUGDIDI~, weria, rom TiTqos, konstantinopolis dacemis
Semdeg vlaqernis taZris siwmindeebi ierusalimis jvris monasterSi
moxvedrila, `levan II dadianma iqve moRvawe nikoloz ColoyaSvils
samegreloSi Camosvla da korcxelis monastris winamZRoloba SesTa-
vaza. amitom sruliad dasajerebelia, rom nikolozs jvris monaster-
Si daculi siwmindeebi saqarTveloSi erTaderTi gziT _ Savi zRviT
saqarTveloSi CamoebrZanebina~. es Sexeduleba daujerebelic aris da
ZirSive mcdaric, radgan swored levanTan Zalian daaxloebulma da

40
xobis monasterSi moRvawe arqimandritma nikolozma (ColoyaSvili)
1640 wels rus elCebs fedot elCins da pavle zaxarievs SekiTxvaze,
Tu saidan da vis mier aris RvTismSoblis kvarTi da sxva siwmindeebi
Camotanili, upasuxa: `me aq didi xani ar aris rac var, ar vici, saidan
da vis mier aris CamobrZanebuli, matiane ki amis Sesaxeb ar minaxavso~
( 81; 140. 82; 306. 26; 351).
erT-erTi versiiT RvTismSoblis kvarTi saqarTveloSi xatTmebr-
Zolobis drosaa Camotanili. xatTmebrZoloba bizantiis imperiaSi VIII
saukunis dasawyisSi ganviTarda da IX saukunis Sua xanebSi dasrulda.
imperatori konstantine kopronimi (741-775 ww.) `xatebis darbevis
Semdeg nel-nela wmindanTa nawilebis devnazec gadavida, _ man brZana
yvela adgilidan gadaeyaraT isini. ase magaliTad, didad pativcemuli
wm. mowame efTvimis wm. nawilebi im taZridan amoiRes, sadac IV mso-
flio kreba gaimarTa da luskumasTan erTad zRvaSi CaZires, xolo
misi saxelobis SesaniSnavi taZari samxedro tansacmlisa da iaraRis
sawyobad aqcies~ (83; 37a). am dros, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili wers:
`...saqarTvelos eklesia xatebis mebrZolT winaaRmdegi yofila da
aRmosavleTSi maSin TiTqmis erTad-erTi eklesia iyo, romelic Zvel
wess icavda da xatebis Tayvaniscema ar uaryvia (84; 112).
VIII saukunis bolos iwyeba saqarTvelos gaerTianebis procesi:
`xolo raJams mouZlurdes berZenni, gadga maTgan erisTavi afxazTa,
saxeliT leon, Zmiswuli leon erisTavisa, romlisad mieca samkvi-
drod afxazeTi. ese meore leon asulis wuli iyo xazarTa mefisa, da
ZaliTa maTiTa gaadga berZenTa, daipyra afxazeTi da egrisi vidre
lixamde, saxel-idva mefe afxazTa~ (85; 251). bizantiis gavlenisagan
sabolood ganTavisuflebis mizniT IX-X saukuneebSi afxazTa (egris-
afxazeTis) samefo eklesiuradac gamoeyo konstantinopolis sapa-
triarqos. konstantinopolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebuli
lazikis samitropolito kaTedra uqmdeba da igi foTidan quTaisSi
iqna gadatanili (86; N 8). ra Tqma unda bizantiis imperiis politiku-
ri gavlenisgan gaTavisufleba bevr siZneleebTan iqneboda dakavSi-
rebuli, magram kidev ufro rTuli procesi iqneboda eklesiurad
gamoyofa. iqneb saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi arsebuli kontantino-
pols daqvemdebarebuli kaTedra xatTmebrZolebis xelSi yofiliyo
Cavardnili da amas gaaedvilebina maTi gauqmeba da kaTedris quTaisSi
gadatana, quTaisi xom afxazTa mefeebma sataxto qalaqad gadaaqcies.
iqneb xatTmebrZoloba iyo namdvili mizezi imisa, rasac gaerida pa-
liastomis RvTismSoblis cnobili xati, romelic Semdgom quTaisSi,
bagratis taZarSi iyo dasvenebuli.
sxva versiiT kvarTi konstantinopolis dacemis (1453 w.) Semdeg
iqna Camosvenebuli. orive SesaZlo perodSi xatTmebrZolobisa da

41
konstantinopolis dacemis drosac erTi garemoebaa gasaTvaliswi-
nebeli: Tu kvarTi bizantiidan aris Camosvenebuli, da miTumetes
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZridan iyo
Camosvenebuli, maSin ratom ar gagrZelda bizantiuri tradicia
kvarTis dResaswaulis aRniSvnisa saqarTveloSi, konkretulad ki,
xobis monasterSi? TviT XIX saukuneSic ki, rodesac saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmebulia, aq rusuli eklesiaa gabatone-
buli, xolo ruseTis imperiaSi bizantiuri wesisamebr grZeldeba
tradicia da 2 ivliss aRiniSneba vlaqernis taZarSi RvTismSoblis
samoselis dadebis dResaswauli, xobis monasterSi, adgilobrivi
tradiciisamebr RvTismSoblis kvarTs mariamobas gamoasvenebdnen
da am dRes gansakuTrebuli zeimiT aRniSnavdnen. pirvel SemTxvevaSi
iqneb saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa da bizantiuri gavlenebisagan gan-
TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolma xalxma Secvala bizantiuri wesi da
misi CamobrZaneba daukavSira msoflios erTerT udides dResaswauls
mariamobas, Tumca isic unda vaRiaroT, rom am mizeziT siwmindisadmi
dawesebuli dResaswaulis Secvla zedmetad miwieri da adamianuria,
Sesabamisad naklebad damajerebeli.
gvianSuasaukuneebis cnobebi aToneli berebis abesalomisa da
iasafesi, quTaisis mitropolitis zaqariasi RvTismSoblis kvarTis
xatTmebrZolobis dros (VIII- IX ss.) (12; 142), agreTve kastelisa (87;
443) da Zampis (52; 156-157) cnobebi kvarTis konstantinopolis dacemis
(1453 w.) Semdgom Camosvenebisa, eyrdnoba ara dokumentebs, aramed im
dros arsebul Tqmulebebs. kastelis cnobiT, kvarTi konstantino-
polis dacemis Semdgom berZnebs CamoutaniaT da TiTqos `es Cans im
warwerebidan romlebic Semonaxulia am saunjesTan erTad~ (87; 172).
is samegreloSi 1639 wels Camovida da am dros aseTi warwera rom
arsebuliyo, maSin kvarTis xobis monasterSi Camosvenebaze ar gveq-
neboda urTierTgamomricxavi versiebi. etyoba, is SecdomiT kvarTis
kuboze arsebul levan II dadianisa da malaqia gurielis warwerebs
gulisxmobs. kastelis suraTze xobis taZari gumbaTiania. msgavsi
uzustobebi sxva mecnierebsac dauSviaT: vaxuSti batoniSvilis cno-
biT, xobis gumbaTiani taZari zRvis napiras mdebareobs (33; 778),
arada manZili xobis ugumbaTo monastridan zRvamde daaxloebiT 20
km-ze metia.
sayuradReboa versia, romlis mixedviTac xobSi RvTismSoblis
kvarTis dasveneba daviT aRmaSenebels ukavSirdeba. 1669 wels ruse-
Tis mefisadmi gagzavnil werilSi imereTis mefe bagrat aleqsandres
Ze ambobs, rom martvilis monasterSi qristes bavSvobis droindeli
kvarTi, xolo xobis monasterSi RvTismSoblis kvarTi iverTa mefe
daviTs dausvenebia, romelic Zvel droSi mefobda da flobda mraval

42
saxelmwifos (51; 162). cxadia is daviT aRmaSenebels gulisxmobs. ra-
tomRac daviT aRmaSeneblis roli xobis monastris istoriaSi ugul-
velyofilia, xSirad gvaviwydeba rom am taZarSi uxsovari droidan
iyo dasvenebuli daviT aRmaSeneblis sawinamZRvro jvari (sur. 9.).
1887 wels nojixevis skolis maswavlebeli m. lifonava 1887 wlis ga-
zeT `iveriaSi~ werda: `xalxi ambobs, rom viTomc es monasteri daviT
aRmaSeneblis droisa iyos~ (7; N 208). mRvdelmonazon kalistrate
CiCuas azriT, xobis taZris amgebi daviT aRmaSenebelia da wers: `…
gadmovidoda aRmosavleTidan dasavleT saqarTveloSi, samyofad
hqonda ufro zamTrobiT: `geguTi~(imereTSi), `xopi~(megreliaSi) da
`biWvinta~ (afxazeTSi)... xopis aremareSi arsad Cans naeklesievi, gina
nangrevi, romelic ueWvelad eqneboda Tavis samyofi alagze RvTis
da taZris moyvare qarTvel mefes, rogoric iyo wm. da RvTis moyva-
re mefe daviTi (11; 54). qvemoT vnaxavT, rom sxvadasxva nagebobebis
naSTebi arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Sedegad dadasturda. vaxuSti
batoniSvilis mixedviT daviT aRmaSenebeli `Jamsa erTsa gardavida
mefe geguTs da muniT xobs~ (33; 159). sakiTxis ganxilvisas gasaTva-
liswinebelia imdroindeli saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, cnobilia
rom 1099 wels evropelma jvarosnebma ierusalimi aiRes, maT wina-
aRmdeg amxedrda mTeli muslimanuri samyaro. 1121 wels didgoris
brZolaSi daviT aRmaSeneblis gamarjvebas muslimanTa koaliciasTan
saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba hqonda, rogorc zurab avaliSvili wers:
`am gamarjvebam daviT aRmaSeneblis saxeli SaravandediT Semosa~ (88;
35). am movlenam didad Seuwyo xeli jvarosnebis arsebobis gaxangr-
Zlivebas wminda miwaze, Tumca rogorc z. avaliSvili aRniSnavs: `...
jvarosnoba ar unda gvesmodes, rogorc mtkice, frangTa da qarTvel-
Ta SemaerTebeli kavSiri. miuxedavad maTi qristianobiT gamowveuli
amxanagobisa, isini ebrZodnen erTsadaimave mters sxvadasxva mizeziT,
da mizanic da sulic erTi ar iyo~ (88; 33). jvarosnebisaTvis ar iyo
ucxo wminda nawilebisa da reliqviebis gagzavna politikuri moti-
vebiT, ase magaliTad XIII saukuneSi konstantinopolis frang mefes
boduin II-s safrangeTis mefe lui mecxresaTvis Zelicxovlis jvaris
didi nawili gaugzavnia, rodesac misgan daxmarebas iTxovda (88; 9).
SesaZlebelia didgoris omis dawyebamde an Semdgom ierusalimel
jvarosnebs madlierebis niSnad daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvis gaegzavnaT
RvTismSoblis kvarTi da sxva zemoT dasaxelebuli siwmindeebi.

xobis monastris sataZro dResaswauls xobis mariamoba-maraSin-

obas uwodebdnen, dResaswauloba yovel wels, agvistoSi, ori kviris
ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda da didi zeimiT aRiniSneboda. dasmul
sakiTxSi, rom sicxade SevitanoT pirvel rigSi unda gaverkveT ra

43
aris `maraSina~. igi megrulad da lazurad mariamis xsenebas niSna-
vs. mariamobasa da agvistos Tves megrelebi da lazebi Sesabamisad
`maraSinas~ da `maraSinaTuTas~ uwodeben. ratom ewoda maraSina da
ara mariamoba? xom gvaqvs dResaswaulTa saxelwodebebi: gergoba _
giorgoba, Terdoba _ Tevdoroba, barbaloba... etyoba termini `mara-
Sina~ CvenTan qristianobis gavrcelebis pirvel periodSi damkvidrda,
manamde, vidre msoflio qristianulma samyarom ar daawesa mariamo-
bis _ RvTismSoblis miZinebis, rogorc msoflios erTerTi udidesi
dResaswaulis aRniSvnis dRe. adre ki, qristianebs Cveuleba hqoniaT
mariamis xsovnis, xsenebis aRniSvnisa (89: 229).
RvTismSoblis kvarTis dResaswaulis mariamobasTan dakavSirebis
savaraudo mizezis mistikuri nawilis anareklia dimitri yuraSvilis
saintereso Canaweri: `xalxSi dResac arsebobs Tqmuleba, rom xobis
monasterSi, RvTismSoblis kvarTis mobrZanebis aRsaniSnavad, sazeimo
wirva-locva gadauxdiaT, romlis Semdgomac daupirebiaT misi Senaxva,
magram momxdara saswauli da kvarTi ver daukeciaT, mxolod TxuT-
meti dRe-Ramis ganuwyveteli locvis Semdeg inebao RvTismSobelma
misi kuTvnili wminda kvarTis Senaxva~ (90; N 4). rogorc Cans, amis
Semdeg dawesebula xobis monastrisaTvis RvTismSoblis miZinebis
dResaswauloba 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
sainteresoa, mariamobis marxvis Sesaxeb arqanjelo lambertis
(1630-1649) SeniSvna: `pirvel agvistos iwyeba mesame marxva, RvTismSo-
blis micvalebis saxsovrad. am ori kviris ganmavlobaSi samegreloSi
Cveulebad aqvT, rom daRamebisas mamakacebi da dedakacebi, didebi da
patarebi gamovlen saxlidan mindorSi da aq gaatareben Ramis umetes
nawils cekvaSi da simReraSi, romliTac iseT xmaurs Seqmnian, rom Tu
vinme saxlSi darCa, imas ar SeuZlia Tvali daxuWos da moisvenos. me
TviTon davswrebivar am dros gatarebas ramdenjerme da momisurvebia
kidev gamego, rogor gaCnda es Cveuleba da raa misi sagani, magram
veravisgan veraferi gavige, pasuxad mxolod imas meubnebodnen, rom
ase aris uxsovar droidano, xolo me vfiqrob, rom am Cveulebis
momdinareoba advilad unda aixsnebodes, imis saSualebiT, rasac
mogviTxrobs damaskini. igi ambobs, rom roca RvTismSobeli zecidan
miisvenao, mis sasaflaoze ramdenime dRe ismoda tkbili xma angelo-
zebis galobisao (Damasc.-OratIo-2.de done VIrg.). radgan es ambavi maT
Soris Zlier gavrcelebulia, rogorc maTi mRvdlebis saSualebiT,
ise damaskinis wignis SemweobiT, romelic qarTulad gadaTargmnilia,
_ advilad SesaZlebelia, rom Zvelad RvTismSoblis sadideblad, an-
gelozebis galobaTa mibaZviT, daaweses galobiT RamisTeva~ (48; 122).
siwmindeebi saqarTveloSi adreul saukuneebSic Camousvene-
biaT da ara mxolod konstantinopolidan, amas profesori eldar

44
bubulaSvilic aRniSnavs (81; 8). cnobilia, rom macxovris kvarTi
ierusalimidan aris CamobrZanebuli. sainteresoa fedot elCinisa
da pavle zaxarievis elCobis masalebSi daculi cnobebi: walenjixis
macxovris monasterSi maTTvis uCvenebiaT ioane winamorbedis xeli
da uTqvamT, rom es xeli didi xnis winaT ierusalimis patriarqis
mier ariso Camosvenebuli (82; 322); drandis monasterSi ki igive
pirebisaTvis adgilobriv mRvdelmTavars uTqvams, rom `arqidiakon
stefanes wmida nawilebi cargradidan (konstantinopolidan _ j.g.)
imperatorma konstantinem Cvens mefes gamougzavnao~ (82; 329). kons-
tantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi dasvenebuli RvTismSoblis samose-
li (maforia) da xobis monasterSi dasvenebuli RvTismSoblis kvarTi
erTi da igive rom iyos maSin, kvarTis dResaswauli xobis monaster-
Sic vlaqernobas unda damTxveoda, arada arsebuli cnobebis mixed-
viT 1669 wlidan 1923 wlamde kvarTis dResaswauli xobis monasterSi
RvTismSoblis miZinebis dResaswauls ukavSirdeboda (51; 162-164. 21;
4. 16; 160). SuasaukuneebSi xobis monasterSi namyof berZnuli ekle-
siebis maRali ierarqebis nawerebSi raime saxiT pretenziis patara
miniSnebac ki ar aris, rom es siwminde konstantinopolidan aris
Camotanili, miTumetes, rom berZnebs pretenziebis wamoyeneba ara-
sodes ar uWirdaT da arc eridebodaT, gavixsenoT Tundac giorgi
mTawmindelisa da antioqiis patriarqis dialogi qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb (91; 310). rusi elCebis nikifore toloCanovisa
da aleqsi ievlievis mixedviT aTonel berebs abesalomsa da iosafes
uambiaT, rom `is kvarTi mitklisagan an wminda narmisagan unda iyos
Sekerilio, mTlad kargad ar dagviTvalierebiao... TviT kvarTso,
Saqris feri hqondao~ (12; 141-142). don ioseb maria Zampi (1672-1673
w.) aRniSnavs, rom RvTismSoblis kvarTi kaTolike patrebs unaxavT
yofila yviTeli feris tilosgan Sekerili (52; 156-157). 1665 wels
antioqiis patriarqi makari antioqieli wers: `zustad mis Targze ga-
moviWeriT perangi TeTri selisgan~ (92; 112-113). tilo is qsovilia,
romelic selisgan iqsoveboda da rogorc Cans makari antioqielma
zustad is qsovili gamoiyena risganac iyo Sekerili RvTismSoblis
kvarTi. bizantieli moRvaweebis ioseb himnografis (IX s.), svimon
logoTetisa (X s.) da XII saukunis laTinuri xelnaweris (merkatis
anonimi) mixedviT konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi dasvenebuli
iyo ara kvarTi, aramed mosasxami-safarveli (μαφόριον _ berZ. Покров
_ rus.) (69; 92. 95. 114. 120). berZeni avtoris Teodore singelozis
(VII s. damdegi) mixedviT konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi das-
venebuli RvTismSoblis samoseli Salis qsovils warmoadgens, Sali
ki matylis Zafisagan iqsoveba (72; 237. 73; 604).

45
 cxadia konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi da xobis monaster-
Si (amJamad zugdidis muzeumSi) dasvenebuli RvTismSoblis samosebi
araTu sxvadasxva daniSnulebisani, aramed sxvadasxva saxis qsovilis-
gan arian damzadebulni. amave dros konstantinopolSi dasvenebul
RvTismSoblis siwmindeTa Soris zemoTxsenebul berZnul da laTinur
wyaroebSi ar ixsenieba kvarTi da igi saqarTveloSi ar aris Camota-
nili bizantiis dedaqalaqidan.
saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendris Tanamedrove gamocemebSi Zv.
st. 2, ax. st. 15 ivlisis rigSi aRniSnulia: `dadeba patiosnisa samo-
selisa yovladwmidisa RmrTismSobelisa vlaqernas (473 w. siwminde
amJamad dasvenebulia zugdidis istoriul-eTnografiul saxelmwifo
muzeumSi...~) RvTismSoblis kvarTi arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT aras-
dros ar yofila konstantinopolis vlaqernis taZarSi dasvenebuli
da ar SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT nugzar (xviCa) Sonias, im sakiTxSi, rom
es Canaweri ar aris swori (94; 13).
saqarTvelo is qveyanaa, sadac andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga
qristianoba, es rom ase ar yofiliyo giorgi mTawmindeli antioqiis
patriarqs Tamamad ver ganucxadebda: `...xolo Cven pirvelwodebulisa
da Zmisa Tvisisa mwodebelisa nawilni varT da samwysoni da mis mier
moqceulni da ganaTlebulni~ (91; 310). CvenTan uxsovari droidan
gansakuTrebulad scemdnen Tayvans dedas. saqarTveloSi mxvnel-
mTesvel mamakacsac ki, guTnisdedas uwodebdnen da ar unda iyos
SemTxveviTi, rom RvTismSoblis kvarTi CvenTan iyo dabrZanebuli.
andria mociquli RvTismSoblis xeldasxmiT Camovida saqarTveloSi.
misi moRvaweobis Seswavla yvela drois qarTveli mecnierebisaTvis
sapatioa da mniSvnelovani. saqarTveloSi andria mociqulis nakvalevi
ufro meti intensivobiT aris gamosakvlevi, gansakuTrebiT arqeolo-
gebis mier. aseve saWiroa sazRvargareT arsebul wignTsacavebsa Tu
sxvadasxva arqivebSi daculi im wyaroebis Seswavla, romelic exeba
y˜d wmida RvTismSobels da ar SeiZleba gamoricxva im varaudisa da
arc unda gagvikvirdes, rom SesaZloa CvenTan RvTismSoblis kvarTis
CamobrZanebeli andria mociquli aRmoCndes.

xobis monastris qronikebi uZvelesi droidan

warmogidgenT xobis monastris, aq daculi siwmindeebisa da mas-
Tan dakavSirebul istoriul pirTa Sesaxeb sxvadasxva tipisa da xa-
siaTis cnobebs:
XIII s. [Tuesa ianvarsa kz]
q. am(a)sve dR(e)sa aRapi Sergir dadianisa da mi~sasa me(u)Rlisa n(a)
T(e)lisi. mwuxri panaSvidiTa sauk(u)noi daukl(e)b(e)l(a)d [a]Resr(u)
l(e)bodes, da vinca Seclv(a)l(o)s [Se-mca-icvleb]is (42; 96).

46
 1245 weli. `...dadiansa cotnes, kacsa warCinebulsa da saTnoebian-
sa...~ (46; 67);
`...dadiani cotne, kaci patiosani da saTnoebiani da brZolaTa
Sina saxelovani...(44; 78-79)~;
`...mivida dadianica cotne laSqriTa mTasa Radosa, Soris
samcxesa[da guriasa], romel ars rkinis jvari, da viTar auwyes war-
sxma yovelTa mTavarTa saqarTvelosaTa anisad, da SekrebulTa yofa
satanjvelTa Sina borotTa viTar esma, mwuxare iqmna uzadod da
TvisTa sikudilad da sircxuilad Seracxa saqme igi. da waravlina
laSqari Tvisi da oriTakaciTa warvida anisad, damdebi sulisa Tvi-
sisa da aRmsarebeli mcnebisa uflisaa, romeli ityvs: `ufros amissa
siyuaruli ara ars, raTa dadvas kacman suli Tvisi moyusisa Tvisi-
saTvis~, romel yo patiosanmanca aman kacman cotne saTnoeba maRali
da gansaTqmeli saqme sakvirveli (44; 98).

XIII saukunis pirveli naxevari. warwera Tamar mefis gulsakidi

jvaris Casasvenebelze. igi warmoadgens macxovris dasakec xats, ro-
melic eqvTime TayaiSvilis azriT Sergil dadianis TaosnobiT aris
gakeTebuli: `q. ¥i xato arsebisao, ucvalebelo, meox da mfarvel me-
qmeniT aqa da saukunesa erisTavT erisTavi dadiani Sergir da meuRle
CemiT deofal deofali naTeliT, ZiTurT CemiT cotneTurT~ (13; 153).

vamey dadianis (1384-1396) warwera xobis monasterSi (sur. 20): `q.

saxeliTa RmrTisaTa erisTavT erisTavman da mandaturT uxucesman
dadianman vamey mamisa maTisa [pat]ronisa erisTavT erisTavisa giorgis
Sedegad miuxda jiqeT[s] urwmunoebisa da orgulobisaTvis, raTamca
moemsaxura. da sZlo da Seuracx da uxmar iqmna maTi simagreni, gagari
da uRaRni, yovelnive ZaliTa moirWuna. mravalTa jiqeTisa patron-
Tagan miuvali moarbivna. raodenni moewyo, maTi mZevalni wamoasxna da
sxvani aotna. da maSin moiRo svetni da fiqalni eseni marmarilosani
da mama-dedaTa larnaki da misi da marex gaaerT(a). saukunemca ars
xseneba maTi~ (13; 133).

1470-1474 wlebi. Samadavla dadianis wigni sakaTalikozo sargos

Sesaxeb (20; 1-2)
... davamtkice ...jvari da bisoni ... keTiliTa SevamkveT da dava-
sueneT da virwmuneT ierusalimisa da antioqisa patriarqsa mixaels
sa-r-qoTa da omforiTa kaTalikozi iovakim qristes sa[f]lavisa mar-
jueniTa kaTalikozad davayeneT da sakaTo[likoz]od ese gavaCineT.
Tavsa wmidasa giorgi msxulebisa [Tvi]siTa SesavliTa da gamosavliTa
misiTa, samsxoTa...iTa tyiTa, wyliTa da sanadiroTa, saTevzoTa, [sa]

47
yaniTa, rasac mogelia ixmarebda, uZebariTa da saZebriTa, im rigiTa
da wesiTa, glexebiTa yolaTa da juaris mtuirTvelad beri zosime...
xels gegeberia vaWrisSvilebi babadiSa da misnni Zmani kaxai da va[J]
bedai, misTana orni maSisZeni dedismamai da ladaria, orni nadiria
miqela da mamisTuali, wuwunari mam[u]li da marani misiTa tyiTa,
wyliTa da eklesiis kari[Ta] da saTevzoTa, kuiria masxulia misiTa
SvilebiTa, oTarai wuwunava misiTa mamuliTa, beria misiTa mamuliTa,
wylispirs bonia qristeSiai misiTa mamuliTa, wylis pirsa Waladids
rionszedan naxevari baJi xofisa RvTismSoblisa aris da naxevari ka-
Tolikozs, qariantas da kemxels mesamedi wylis baJi yovlad wmidisa
aris, noxidens oTxi kuamli kaci yuru... da sxuitava andalisSvili
Sonia maTiTa mamuliTa, tyiTa, wyliTa da eklesiis kariTa. agreve
dadianis saxlis Tavi niSani kaTolikozisa aris. agreve <agreve>
sxuaTa aznauris SvilTa niSani, agreve sxuaTa ebiskopoTa saferxavi
marTebs da amas ara eTxovebodes, agreve cus gamoRma da Wuirias
wyals Sua vinca [na]diri moklas, sefes yovlad wmidis win moiRebdes,
nuravin daaklebs.
q. agreve Cuen batonma dadian-gurielman Samandavla movikiTxeT
iadgari ZuelTaca agre ewera, vinca xofis saydars gareSemo upatioba
ikadros anu glexi [da an]u jogi wausxas anu qurdoba qnas anu sa-
saxles [mi]uxdes da gatexosa, aTi glexi daeurvos saydarsa ... zedan
mouxdes daarbios daawuas ... mexadile kuamli glexi dau...lod anu
RalatiTa kaci moklas, ori zoma [sis]xli daeurvos. vinca, ZmaTagan-
sa upatioba hkadros anu aginos, aTasi bot[inati dau]urvos, agreve
Wuirias da cus Sua tye da wyali yovlad wmidisa aris da nuravin da-
aklebT da vin daaklos, r[isx]avsmca mama Ze da suli wmida da yovlad
wmida RmrTismSobeli xofisa da yovelni wmidani RTisan zecisani da
queyanisani, xorcielni da uxorconi da vinca amisda Slad da qce-
vad xelyos, risxavsmca qristes saflavis madli, ierusalims Sesvla,
juarcma, aRdgoma, naTlisReba, amaRleba, meored mosvla, mTawmida,
sinawmidani, mociqulni, winaswarmetyuelni, mRudelTmoZRuarni,
mowameni, wmidani mamani, meudabnoeni da qalwulni, Semcaedebis SiS-
Tuilibi iudasi, keTri dioskoresi, gandgomileba ivlianesi, RrWena
kbilTa da satanjveli mdedarisa mis uwyalosa da nuraTamca sinu[nu]
liT nu iqnebis xsna sulisa misisa xelTagan jojoxeTisaTa, ukuTu
sisxlnica Tvisni qristesTvis dasTxivnis a(mi)n. damamtkicebelni
amaTni akurTxnes RmerTman a(mi)n.
aq yofila xveuli xelismowera.

1640-1657 wlebi. sigeli da iadgari, mocemuli levan dadianis

mier xofis taZrisaTvis (97; 208-211).

48
 ...(grZeli RmrTismetyveluri Sesavlis Semdeg) ...gkadreT da
mogaxseneT dawerili sigeli ese iadgari, umizezo da ukunisamde
welTa da JamTa Seucvalebeli da maradis ganTavebiT gansrulebuli,
Tquen, Cuensa mcvelsa da mfarvels da cxovrebisa Cuenisa warmmar-
Tebelsa da ganmarjvebiTa mZlevelsa mterTa da mbrZoTa Cuenisa-
Ta qalwulsa, ubiwosa, maradis biwSeuxebelsa, dedasa naTlisasa da
mSobelsa meufisasa uTrosnisa? (TeTrosnisa. g.C.) RmrTismSobelsa
da Zelsa cxovelsa xofis taZarsa Sina gansuenebulTa, misaZinel-
Ta da saZualTa pirvel kurTxeulTa da saukunod gansuenebulTa
patiosanTa da saxelovanTa ZuelTa CuenTa pa[pa]Ta da papis-pap[a]
Ta yovlad sanatrelTa: giorgi, vamey, Sergil da samadavle, amaTiT
oTxTa RmrTiv- pit[i]v|cemulTa da guirguinosa[n]Ta saflavsa, da
Cuensa sasoebiT Sesavedrebels xofs gansuenebulsa saxesa da xats
wmidisa RmrTismSobelisasa da jvaris yovelTa ganmacxovelebelsa.
mogaxseneT da gkadreT iadgari da sigeli mtkice, JamTa sauku-
neTa gasaTavebeli, Cuen Tquen-mieriTa madliTa da cva-farviTa
mZled da Zlierad amaRlebiTa ganZlierebulman da oxiTa TqueniTa
zesTa aRmatebulman da mtkiced mpyrobel-mqonebelman, TviT gan-
mgebelman, Tquen mier saxel-aRmatebulman da friad msasoebelman
da madlTa da wyalobaTa TqvenTa mindobiTa sarwmunod mosavman da
surviliT moqeneman, xelmwifeman, patronman dadianman levan. SiSiT
da krZalviT gangiaxleT da dagimtkiceT mtkice ese ukunisamde
kacTa naTesavisagan Seucilebel-SeusarCleli wigni da niSani, asre
da ama pirsa zeda, rome JamTa viTarebisa, da welTa gardasulisa,
da etlTa moqcvisa, da dReTa cvalebisagan moSliliyo sofeli da
tye da veli.
vnaxeT da mokiTxuli vqeniT, da ZuelTa CuenTa mama-papaTa sa-
flavi yofiliyo, kurTxeulTa da saxeldebulTa; da maT mier dade-
buli da garigebuli iadgari da sigeli vnaxeT da Cuenca gulsmod-
ginebiT esreT daumtkiceT.
ese, viTarca dadian-gurielisa, sulkurTxeulisa samadavlasa-
gan garigebuli sigeli vnaxeT, esreT ewera da gaeriga: ~ZueliTgani
iadgari g[a]ryuniliyo da dakarguliyo xofisa RmrTism|Sobelisao,
mas Jamsa uRmTod da usjuloebad mi[i]qces afxaznio, da aRviyvaneT
iovakime, kaci Rirsi netarebisa da davsviT kaTalikozado, romeli
afxazTa garyunes sjuli da k kaTalikozoba, xolo Cuen marjueniTa
qristes saflavisaTa da ierusalemisa da ant[i]oqiis patriarqisa
mixailis neba-darTviTa gavarigeTo juariTa da onforiTao.~
awe, Cuenca maTi garigebuli da dadebuli iadgari vnaxeT, gan-
vicadeT da Cvenca msgavsad maTebr davamtkiceT, da gavarigeT: Tavs
msxulebis wmida giorgi, mis[i] SesavliTa da gasavliTa, wyliTa,

49
tyiTa, sanadiroTa, saTevzaoTa, sayaniTa, uZebriTa da saZebriTa,
ima rigiTa glexebiTa, jvarismtvirTveliTa; beri zosime, kemxels
gegeberia, vaWris Svilebi, babadiSi da misni Zmani: kaxai da vaJbe-
dai; masTana orni maSis Zeni deis mamai; da orni ladaria: miqail da
mamisTuali; wuwunari mamuli da marani, misiTa tyiTa, wyliTa da
eklesi[i]s kariTa da saTevzoTa; kviria masxulia, misiTa SvilebiTa;
TaTarai wuwunava misis mamuliTa; beria misis mamuliTa; wylispirs
bonia qristeSia misiT mamuliTa.
wylispirs rionzeda, Waladidsa, naxevari baJi xofisa RmrTism-
Sobelisa aris; aris qariatas da kemxels mesamedi navi da baJi yo-
vlad wmidisa; aris noxudens oTxi kvamli kaci: yurua da sxvitava,
andalaisSvili da Sonia, maTiT mamuliTa, wyliTa, tyiTa, saTevzoTa
da eklesi[i]s kariTa.
agreve, dadianis saxlis Tavi niSani da sxvaTa TavadTa da aznau-
risSvilTa, niSani kaTalikozisa aris; sxuaTa efiskopozTa [aferxavi]
marTebs; da amas aras eTxovebodes ra.
agreve cus gamoRma da da Wviras gaRma vinca nadiri moklas se-
fesa yovlad wmindasa win moiRebden, nuravin daaklebT.
agreve, Cuen patronman dadian-gurielma Samadavlam iadgari Zue-
liTgani vnaxeT da asre yofiliyo ZueliTgan da esreT ewera: vinc
xofisa saydarsa gareSemo upatioba ikadros, anu glexi daurbios,
anu jogi wausxas, anu qurdoba qnas, an sasaxles mouxdes da gatexos,
aTi glexi dauurvos saydarsa. vinca saxofosa zedan mouxdes, d[a]
arbios da dawuas, mexadile glexi dauurvos saydarsa. bod (sic), anu
RalatiTa kaci mouklan, ori zoma sisxli daeurvos. vinc ZmaTagansa
upatioba hkadros, anu aginos, aTasi potinati dauurvos. agreve,
Wvirias da cus Sua tye da wyali yovladwmidisa xofisa RmrTismSo-
belisa aris ucilebeli. esreT ewera Zuelsa sigelsa da iadgar Sigan,
ama wyeviTa da krulviTa, awe, JamTa viTarebisagan sigeli garyunili-
yo da kurTxeulsa dadian-guriels Samadavlsa gaerigebina, rogorc
Zuelad yofiliyo isreve gaerigebina.
awe, melia da saydris kacebi icilebodes, da davsxediT Cuen,
xelmwife-patroni dadiani leon da kaTalikozi maqsime maWutaZe da
vnaxeT Zueli iadgari, da srulad Cueni darbaiselni davsxiT da gav-
sinjeT da asre ewera wyeviT, rome Wvirasa da cus [Sua tye da wyali
yovlad wmidisa xofisa RmrTismSoblisa aris ucilobeli].
leon dadiani
xelCarTulad k˜zi maqsime.

1640 weli. levan II dadianisa da malaqia gurielis warwera kvarTis

kuboze (sur. 51.)

50
 `q. romeli: mamisagan: saRmrToiTa: ZaliTa: sZlad: gamoirCie:
da: Zisagan: mxolod: Sobilisa: deda: Seyvarebulad: gamosCndi: far-
viTa: yovlad: wmidisa: sulisaTa: Sen: uqorwinebelad: mSobelo: da
qalwulebiT: daculo: mSobelo: meufisa: damxsnelisao: usZlo: de-
dofalo: mariam: romeli: yovelTa: codvilTa: meoxi: xar: da: maradis:
Semwe: Sen: WeSmaritad: SemZlebelo: lxinebisao: saCino: saxelo: dido:
uxrwnelo: meox: mxsnel svenebel: da: cecxlisa: da: satanjvelisagan:
ganmarinebel: eqmen: dedofalsa: nestan darejans: asulsa: WilaZisasa:
romlisa: saukunosa: saxseneblad: da: codvaTa: misateveblad: Sevamke:
da: movaWedine: kvarTis: kubo: ese: vercxliTa: oqroT: daferviTa:
TvaliTa: margalitiTa: xelmwifeman: dadianman: patronma: levan:
misTvis: saoxad: SegimkveT: yovliTa: wmidao: qerabinTa: umaRleso:
serabinTa: uaRmatebuleso: qalwulo: y˜d: sagalobelo: lxinebao:
yovelTa: qristianeTao: Seismine: vedreba: Cveni: da: ixsen: da: acxo-
vne: ganusvene: da: akurTxe: suli: dedoflisa: nestan darejanisa: da:
daamkvidre: sasufevelsa: amin: (2; 154-155). moiWeda: kvarTis: kubo ese:
qoranikonsa: tkH -1640 w.~ (11; 28-29).
`q: xofis: R(v)Tis mSobelo: adide: orTave: Sina cxorebaTa: amis:
Semamkobeli: gurielis Svili: malaqia: vinca Sendoba brZanoT: Tqven-
ca: Segindos: RmerTman: amin:~ (13; 154).

1639-1654 wlebi. don kristoforo de kasteli: `sxva relikviebi,

rogoricaa Cveni uflis kvarTi, uflis didi deda xofis monaster-
Sia, sadac berZnebma moitanes [sarkinozebis mier] konstantinopolis
aRebis Semdgom. es Cans im warwerebidan, romlebic Semonaxulia am
saunjesTan erTad~.
`xobis ganTqmuli eklesiis suraTi, romlis SigniT, lamazad
morTuli TaRis qveS, Semonaxulia saTayvanebeli relikviebi, Cveni
uflisa da RvTis dedis, qalwul mariamis kvarTebi.~
`xobis ganTqmuli eklesia~.
`xobis saepiskoposo eklesia.~ (87; 172. 176. 178)

1630-1649 wlebi. don arqanjelo lamberti: `...mesamea xofis mo-

nasteri, mariam RvTismSoblis saxelobaze. aq aCveneben RvTismSoblis
perangs, romelsac iqaurebi did pativs scemen~ (48; 107).

1640 w. rusi elCebi fedot elCini da pavle zaxarievi: `...30

aprils xonis (xobis _ j. g.) monasterSi arqimandrit nikolozTan
CavediT... wirvis Semdeg arqimandritma nikolozma yovlawminda
RvTismSoblis kvarTi da mowame kvirikes marcxena xeli majamde,
agreTve qristes mowamis marines marjvena xeli gviCvena. misi Zvali

51
xelisgulidan idayvamde gapobilia. yovladwminda RvTismSoblis
kvarTis sayelo ki pataraa _ sami gojis odenaa da amis Semdeg viki-
TxeT: ratomaa sayelo patara? arqimandritma nikolozma gvipasuxa:
RmrTis nebiT, sayelo wlidan wlamde viwrovdebao. kvarTi ki far-
Tea, xolo saxeloebi mokle da farTe. is daCiTulia da mewamuli
feri aqvs. Cven vikiTxeT kvarTisa da wminda nawilebis Sesaxeb: saidan
da vis mier aris CamobrZanebuli? arqimandritma gvipasuxa: me aq didi
xani ar aris rac var; ar vici, saidan da vis mier aris CamobrZanebu-
li, matiane ki amis Sesaxeb ar minaxavso~ (82; 306).
profesor Teimuraz jojuas mixedviT arqimandriti nikolozi
aris cnobili moRvawe nikoloz ColoyaSvili _ nikofore irbaxi,
romelic xobSi moRvaweobda 1640 -1643 wlebSi (26; 366).

1650-1652 wlebi. rusi elCebi nikifore toloCanovi da aleqsi

ievlievi: `...palestinidan, aTonis mTis monastris ori beri movida,
erTis saxeli abesalomi iyo, meore, diakonis iasafe... am berebmave
gviambes, nikifores da aleqsis, rom 7159 wels (1651) sadadianoSi
xobis monasterSi viyaviTo, monasterSi RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxe-
lobis marmarilos narevi qvis saydariao. saberZneTis mefis erekles
agebulio, im saydarSi Zveli droidanve yovlad wmida RvTismSoblis
kvarTia daculio. is RvTismSoblis kvarTi konstantinopolidan
aris erTi wignebis mcvelis mier motanilio, roca wmida xatebis
devna mimdinareobda (saberZneTSi) Teofile mefis droso. RvTism-
Soblis kvarTi maT maqsime kaTalikosma da golgoTis monastris
iRumenma nikiforem aCvena Turme im dros, roca is, diakoni iasafe
kaTalikosTan erTad wiravda. is kvarTi mitklisagan an wminda nar-
misagan unda iyos Sekerilio, mTlad kargad ar dagviTvalierebiao,
imitom, rom vgoneb igi moxatuli iyoo. TviT kvarTso, Saqris feri
hqondao. is RvTismSoblis kvarTi vercxlis kidobanSia daculio
da im saydris sakurTxevelSia dadgmulio, mTavris levan dadianis
da kaTalikosis beWdebiT dabeWdilio. da roca kaTalikosma berebs
(kvarTi) gviCvenao, am RvTismSoblis kvarTis sigrZe-siganis zoma
aviReTo. kvarTis zoma Cven, nikifores da aleqsis, mogvitanes, sawer
qaRaldSi pativiT Sexveuli. TviT im berebs is zoma kamilavkaSi
aqvT Senaxuli da Tavze atareben. nikiforem da aleqsim berebisagan
im kvarTis zomidan CvenTvis zoma aviReT, rom vinicobaa momavalSi
cnobisaTvis dagvWirdes.
me, aleqsim, RvTismSoblis im kvarTis Sesaxeb, zaqaria mitropo-
lits vkiTxe, mas unaxavs Tu ara is da namdvilad RvTismSoblis kvar-
Tia Tu ara is meTqi. mitropolitma miTxra, rom is mas mravaljer
aqvs naxuli da wignebis mcvelis mier motanilia is im dros, roca

52
wmida xatebis devna iyoo (saberZneTSi). is namdvilad yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis kvarTiao da sneulis gankurnebac misgan yofilao...
imave saydarSi, wmida kvirike mowamis wmida nawilebia daculi,
marjvena xelia majamde, ise rogorc cocxali adamianis.
aqve Zeli cxovrebis nawilic da sxva wmindanTa nawilebia dacu-
li...~ (12; 141-142).

ierusalimis patriarqi paisiosi: imyofeboda xobis monasterSi

1659 wels (95; 85).

1665 weli. makari antioqieli: `rac Seexeba megrelTa eparqias, iq

eqvsi episkoposi zis, esenia: ...meore-xobeli (aqaur eklesiaSi dRemde
inaxeba RvTismSoblis kvarTi. Cven vnaxeT, [vemTxvieT] da Tavi davi-
mwyalobeT. zustad mis Targze gamoviWeriT perangi TeTri selisagan,
aiazma vxadeT da Sig im didebuli kvarTis nawili CavdeT, mere ki es
wyali axal perangs gadavasxiT. es perangi SevinaxeT, raTa Cvens qveyana-
Si wagveRo da RvTismSoblisagan locva-kurTxeva migveRo(92; 112-113).

XVII s. 60-iani wlebi. pavle alepoeli: samegrelos eqvs episkoposs

Soris asaxelebs xofels da aRniSnavs, rom aq inaxeba RvTismSoblis
kvarTi da Zeli cxoveli (81; 142. 2; 11. 96; 71).

1669 weli. ierusalimis patriarqi dosiTeosi: mas unaxavs xobis

monasterSi wmindanTa nawilebi, ioane naTlismcemlis TiTqmis mTeli
sxeuli (81; 144. 2; 11).

1569 wlebi. nikoloz xofelis Sewirulebis wigni xofisadmi (34; 274).

daTariReba mcdaria, unda iyos 1669 weli. Teimuraz jojuas
axali gamokvlevebis Tanaxmad nikoloz xofeli aris nikoloz II wu-
lukiZe, misi xofelobis wlebia 1669 _ 1675 (26; 358-365).
...qebulsa da didebulsa umaRles yovlad wmidasa da ufrosad
kurTxeulsa dedofalsa xobisa R(mr)TismSobelsa, odes sxva xofeli
ijda da TaTrisagan gaoxrebuli da gacudebuli saydari da monas-
teri iyo, ese aoxrebuli monasteri da mamuli. vigule da viguls-
modgine da SemogwireT mcire da knini Sesawiravi ese Sen, TeTrosansa
xobisa RmrTis-mSobelsa Tavs: vercxlis barZimi da feSxumi da kamara,
sami atlasis pereqlebi, erTi odiki, erTi naqsovisa kretsabmeli,
erTi xeli Sesamoseli stixari da filoni naqsovisa, olari naqsovisa,
samklave naqsovisa, erTi didi qvabi spilenZi guriadaman movatanine,
gavaWedine da SemogwireT Cvenis sulis saxsrad da saoxad.
awe, vinca da ramanca Zeman kacisaman ese Cvengan Sewiruli naR-
vawi gamogwiros anu dadianman, anu dedofalma, anu qaTalikozma, anu

53
vezirman, anu xofelman, anu mestumreman, anu didman anu mcireman, _
risxavs Tavad RmerTi da xofisa R(mr)TismSobeli, qristes saflavi
da sisxli mewamuli golgoTa da cxovelsmyofeli patiosani jvari,
sina, mayvali Seuwveli, mTawmida. wyeul da SeCvenebul ars oTxTa
patriarqTagan, samas aTurametTa mamaTagan. masmca edebis keTri
gezisi, SiSTvili iudasi, RrWena kbilTa dioskoresi da iesos jva-
rismcemelTanac ganikiTxvis misi suli da xorci.
da[ma]mtkicebelni amisni akurTxes RmerTman, amin, amin. kidev amas
gareT erTi mosaxle kaci TaTrisagan viyide skvamikoCa facisa da mo-
vnaTle, davasaxle xofs da vinc kandelaki iyos, imisTvis mimicemia da
yovels weliwads RmrTismSoblobas Cemi sulisaTvis Jams swirevdes.
vinac berebi da xucebi iyos imianaT swirevdes.
damic begara: erTi cxvari, erTi loRarikoni sanTeli, ori Sau-
ris sakmeveli, sami koka Rvino, ori qila Romi, raeTic eSovebodes,
Tevzi da yveli da kvercxi miarTvan. Tu is dRe marxva moxdes, meore
dRes saxsnilo miarTvas da Cemi sulisaTvis Jams swirevdes da mo-
mixsenebdes da Semomiwiravs xofisa RmrTismSoblisaTvis Cemi sulis
saxsrad da saoxad.
aw, vinc gamoswiros, romelic zemos wyevlaa da SeCveneba sweria,
isic moiwevs mas zedan da xobis R(mr)TismSobelic, amin, amin.
qoronikonsa smiz.
xelrTva: nikoloz xofeli
q. sxva kidev amas gareT zaman barZimisSvili mokvda da mis ni-
Sansa da nawirvSi amiyvania ivane da sarjelia da kakulaia sergia da
xatisda Semiwiravs xofisa RmrTis-mSoblisaTvis maTis colSviliT,
saxl-kariTa, Wur-mamuliTa, misis yovlisferiTa. damic Cemis suli-
saTvin erTis saklavis sanTeli oTxi loRarikoni, sxva raca emarTos
xofels miarTmevdes.
da Semiwiravs me, wulukiZes nikolaozs xofisa R(mr)TismSobli-
saTvis.
ramanca Zeman kacisaman ese gamowiros, anu dadianman, anu vazir-
man, anu mestumreman, anu sxva vinmem Zeman kacman, masca risxavs Tavad
RmerTi da yovelni misni wmidani zecisani da qveyanisa[ni da xofi]sa
R(mr)TismSobeli.
xelrTva: nikoloz

1669 weli. imereTis mefis bagrat aleqsandres Zis werili ru-

seTis imperators werilSi aRniSnulia: `...dadianis qveyanaSi, xo-
pis RvTismSoblis miZinebis monasterSi sanawile kolofSi inaxeba
yovladwminda RvTismSoblis kvarTi, kolofis gasaRebi aqvs xopis
episkoposs. yovladwminda RvTismSoblis miZinebis dResaswaulze

54
kvarTs sanawile kolofidan amoasveneben da sadideblad taZris
Sua gulSi daasveneben, rom aq rwmeniT mosuli marTlmadidebeli
qristianebi emTxvion. amave werilis mixedviT, kvarTs da sxva siw-
mindeebs, romlebic aq bevri yofila yofila, safrTxe damuqrebia:
rodesac TurqeTis faSebi laSqriT mosulan, siwmindeebi dautyve-
vebiaT da moundomebiaT am adgilas damkvidreba. imereTis mefes
bagrat aleqsandres Zes Tavis sabrZanebelSi 20 aTasi `efimka~ ( ver-
cxlis moneta) Seugrovebia da TurqTagan taZari da siwminde fuliT
gamousyidia. amave cnobiT, xobis monasterSi RvTismSoblis kvarTi
iseve, rogorc martvilis monasterSi macxovris kvarTi (saubaria
ieso qristes mcirewlovnobis droindel kvarTis Sesaxeb. g. C.),
dausvenebia iverTa mefe daviTs, romelic, rogorc teqstidan Cans,
daviT aRmaSenebeli unda iyos (51; 162-164).

1672-1673 wlebi. don ioseb mari Zampi: `am xalxs bevri reliqvia
aqvs, romlebic maT, pirvelyovlisa, miiRes im dros, roca qristia-
noba yvaoda da maT mTavrebs kavSiri hqondaT konstantinopolis
imperatorebTan, romlebic maT bevr reliqvias ugzavnidnen saCuqrad.
Semdeg es reliqviebi maT miiRes agreTve amave qalaqis sasuliero
pirTagan, romlebic cdilobdnen es xalxi RvTismosaobaSi ganemtki-
cebinaT. dabolos, reliqviebi miiRes im wminda mamaTagan, romelnic
Turqebis mier konstantinopolis aRebis Semdeg mahmadianTa tira-
niisagan Tavis dasaRwevad samegreloSi gadaixvewen da gaifantnen
mezobel qveynebSi. amboben, rom maSin kolxidaSi Camovidao erTi
arqiepiskoposi, Tan Camoitanao erTi mtkavelis odena naWeri Zeli
WeSmaritisa (franguli futis rva duimze ramdenadme didi) da kvar-
Ti, romelic, maTi TqmiT, RvTismSobels ekuTvnoda; Cvens patrebs
igi unaxavT. tilo, romlisganac igi aris Sekerili, yviTeli ferisaa,
aqa-iq daCiTulia yvavilebiT da moqargulia nemsiT. sigrZiT igi rva
romauli mtkavelis odenaa, ganiT ki _ oTxisa, aqvs erTi mtkavelis
sigrZis mokle mklavebi da viwro sayelo. mec minaxavs igi xobis
eklesiaSi, sadac is inaxeba; aqve Zvirfasi TvlebiT mooWvil oqros
luskumaSi, vnaxe gamxmari mklavi; rogorc amboben, es aris wm. marines
mklavi; vnaxe agreTve wm. kvirikes mklavi da oqroTi da vercxliT
Semkuli sxva wmindanTa nawilebi. kvarTi, romlis Sesaxeb me vilapa-
rake, inaxeba vercxlisagan gakeTebul, yvavilebiT morTul ebanozis
yuTSi; masSive aris patara kolofi, romelSiac devs macxovris wveris
ramdenime Reri da Solti, romliTac igi igvema~ (52;156-157).

1675 weli. yma-mamulis Sewirulebis ganaxlebis wigni, micemuli

levan III dadianis mier biWvinTis RmrTismSoblisadmi (20; 76-77).

55
 ...Cven, srulisa odiSisa da afxazeTisa mpyrobel mqonebelman da-
dianman patronman levan da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman, mefeT-mefisa
asulman dedofalman patronman TinaTin da pirmSoman Zeman Cvenman
manuCar da ZeTa CvenTa da momavalTa yovelTave. viguleT da viguls-
modgineT da mobrZandiT Tqven, k˜zi batoni d~T, dagvelaparakeniT da
ZvelTaganca xobi biWvintisa RmrTismSoblis Sewiruli yofiliyo da
JamTa viTarebisagan gamoxmoda. awe sakanono saqme dagvedva, naTesavis
sisxlSi gaverieT da mobrZandiT Tqven, k˜zi batoni daviT nemsaZe da
Wyondidel cagereli batoni gabriil, rogoraTaca Cveni erdguli
iyveniT, imisTana saqme gvirCieT da Cvenis sulis saxsrad da saoxad da
codvaTa CvenTa aRsaxocelad da ZeTa CvenTa manuCaris aRsazrdelad
da xelmwifobisa Cve|nisa warsamarTeblad, asre rome Cvens batonoba-
Sida mravali sakanono saqme iqna da Semogviwiravs mcire ese da knini
Sesawiravi xofi ori sasaxliTa, sxulebiTa da xorgiTa, sula maTis
SesauliTa da gamosauliTa, uZebriTa da saZebriTa, misis youlis feris
samarTlianis saqmiTa. xorgas sami navi vaWari Tu movides, erTi bazar-
gani vaWari saxobos kacisas dadgebodes da sxva, romelic sargois iyos,
xofisa RuTismSoblis Sewiruli yvela isreu Segviwiraus. Seiwire mcire
ese Sesawiravi Sen, Svid caTa umaRlesi qerabinTa uzeSTaeso, biWvintisa
da RuTisSobelo, ase rome kaTalikozs odiSs erTi saydari aseTi ar
qonda, rome dResaswauli gardaexada. xan erTs efiskofos Caudgebo-
den Sin da xan meores. ebiskoposebi mweT garjiT iyvnen da amisTvis
SeuswireT, rome rodisac k˜zi odiSs mobrZandebodes xatsa, jvarsa da
omforsa iq daasvenebdes da sasaflaoTac is Segviwiravs, iq gaikeTeb-
den da gagaCineT amisTvis, vinca vin k˜zi iyoT da odiSs brZandebodeT
xarebis dRes Jams gviwireudes Cvenis sulis saoxad da saxsrad, karsga-
Rebuls aRaps gvizemdis. Tu im dRes odiSs ver daeswroT, am Tormets
sauflos dReSi im saydars Jams gviwireudiT, raTa ara ganvardeT sa-
sufevlisagan. ese mamuli, saydari da sasaxle asre garigebiT batonis
k˜zis daviTisTvis migvibarebia (grZlad wyeva SemSlelTa zeda)...
daiwera wigni da sigeli ese qoronikonsa samas samoc da sams.
aris amisi mowame Wyoindel-cagereli batoni gabriil, Ciquani kacia,
beJani RoRaberiZe, karis Cvenis mestumre oTari melia.
levan, TinaTin.

1700 w. Sewirulobis wigni efTime xofelisa xofis RvTismSobli-

sadmi (20; 84)
[didebulo qalwulo uvrceleso caTao da uwmideso zecisa mxe-
drobaTao da yovlisa simtkice da zRudeo xelis ampyrobelo da
mrxinebelo (sic) qristianeTao, Semiwyale da saxier meqmen] RuTismSo-
belo, rameTu dedasa RmrTisasa Semogwire Sen caTa mobaZavsa xofisa

56
RmTismSobelsa mcire ese da knini Sesawiravi SemogwireT erTi komli
kaci, walenjixelisagan viyide rosTomia aminaTai, misi Zma urcxalai
maTis SvilebiTa, maTis saxlis kaciTa, misis eklesiiTa, saxlkariTa,
miwa-mamuliTa, SesavaliTa da gamosavaliTa, tyiTa, wyliTa da veli-
Ta, uZebriTa da saZebriTa yovlis feriTa. [Semo]gviwiravs xofisa
RvTismSoblisaTvis Cven mTavarebiskopozman xofelma efTimi faRavam
CvenTvis saxsrad da sulisa Cvenisa warsamarTeblad mas dResa ganki-
Txvisasa, raTa SemaerTos marjvenaTa maT cxovarTaTa da ganmaSoros
uxilavi igi mteri. awe vinca da ramanc [Ze]man kacisaman es Cvengan
Sewiruli glexi Se[nga]mogwiros, didman anu mcireman an dadianman anu
dedofalman an efizkopozman da an Tavadman [anu az]naurisSvilman an
glexma amisda Slad qcevad da gamoxmad xelyos masamca risxavs Tavad
dausabamo RmerTi da yovelni misni wmidani zecisani da qveyanisani,
xorcielni da uxorconi, masamc edebis cecxli genisa, keTri gezisa,
SiSTvili iudasi, mexis texa dioskoresi, [daTqma daTan da abironi-
si, nuras qvelis saqmiTa iqmnebis xsna sulisa misisa, nurca wirviTa,
nurca locviTa da nurca glaxakTa micemiTa da damtkicebelni amisni
RmerTman akurTxnes, momSlelni amisni RmerTman moSalos, amin, amin
da xelica CagvirTavs].

1745 weli. vaxuSti batoniSvili: `...zRvis kidezed ars xofi. aqa

ars eklesia gumbaTiani, keTilSeni da Semkuli. aqa eklesiasa Sina
msvenarebs perangi yovlad wmidis RvTismSoblisa, saswaulTmoqmedi
(33; 778).

1742-1769 wlebi. Sewirulobis wigni besarion kaTalikozisa xopis

saydrisadmi
eha, Sen mSobelo uflisa Cuenis ieso qristes mSobelo, Rmr-
TismSobelo, saydaro xopisao, gansuenebulo C(ue)n Zisa Senisa mier
k(aTaliko)z-patriarxman besarion, SemogwireT jaianis merabis Svili
ioane da svimon. p(irvela)d dadianma otiam Seswira da C(ue)n moguca
da C(ue)n Tquenda Semogviwiravs is ori Zma misi kacebiT, Saqari, WaWas
saxli da dagajini da kotravas saxli maTis yovlisferiTa, gegia da
xurcilava, erTi partaxi, nagegenaau tyiT, wyliT da miwa-mamuliT,
sayaniT, saxoxbiT...
aw, vinc es gamogwiros, SeCuenebulimc aris Senis Zis q(rist)es
RmrTisagan da y(ovel)Ta misTagan, C(ue)nis Semdgomis k(aTaliko)zi-
sagan, da y(ovel)Ta samRudeloTa dasTagan, amin. ( 34; 882)
1771-1773 wlebi. iohan anton giuldenStedti: `me damisaxeles
Semdegi dasaxlebuli adgilebi, romlebic odiSs ekuTvnis: 1. senaki;
2. xobi; orive sapatriarqoa, es ukanaskneli didi eklesia;~ (98; 33).

57
 1831 weli. xobis arqimandriti grigol miqelaZe. `Tvinier biWvin-
tisa uwarCinebulesi xofis monasteri~ (21; Qd-9147).

1833 weli. profesor Tamaz beraZis mixedviT yulevSi xobiswylis

SesarTavTan samegrelos mTavar levan V dadianis brZanebiT augiaT
pirveli qarTuli saokeano xomaldi, romlisTvisac `xopis RvTism-
Sobeli~ uwodebiaT (95; 101-104).

sur. 40. xobis taZari. diubua de monperes mixedviT.

1831-1834 wlebi. diubua de monpere: aRwers xobis monasters. man
Semogvinaxa am periodis xobis monastris suraTi (99).

1847-1848 wlebi. mari brose: `damarwmunes, rom am yuTSi asvenia

RvTismSoblis kvarTi, romelic 1659 wels naxa ierusalimis patriar-
qma dosiTeosma.
`am patara oTxkuTxed vercxlis yuTze es xucuri warwerac aris:
` ¥i xato arsebisao uTavebelo(?) meox mfarvel eqmen aqa da saukunesa,
erisTavi Sergir da meuRle maTi T...~
`es warwera aris mkrTalad gamosaxuli. Cans, rom yuTi SeakeTes
da nawili, sadac am warweris bolo sityvebi iyo moTavsebuli, Secva-
les vercxlis sxva firfitiT.
saxsarze ikiTxeba sityvebi `dedofali naTela...~ danarCeni
gaurkvevelia~ (100; 44-54). (mecniers Secdoma mosvlia, es warwera
ekuTvnis Tamar mefis gulsakidi jvaris Casasvenebel macxovris xats
da ara kvarTis kubos. g.C.)

1850 weli. sazogado moRvawe da istorikosi dimitri meRvine-

Txucesi Svili: ...aqave vnaxe trapezzed sdga patara yuTi vercxliT

58
SeWedili, romelSiac Zevs kvarTi RvTismSoblisa da nawilebi sxua
da sxua... (101; 123).

`kavkazi~, 17 ivnisi, 1853 w. N 44, xopis monasteri

zogierTebi taZris daarsebas Tamaris oqros xanas miakuTvneben,
rogorc epoqas, rodesac aigo yvela taZari aRmosavleT saqarTve-
loSi, imereTSi da samegreloSic.
…eklesiis daTvalierebis Semdeg avedi samrekloze, Cems win
dablobze gadaiSala mSvenieri, Tvalwarmtaci sanaxaoba. mTis fer-
dobebamde mzera ikargeba tyeebis usazRvro simwvaneSi; ankara xopi
nebivrad miiklakneba dablobze da ikargeba xeebsa da buCqnarebs
Soris, marcxniv Sors kvamlis wvrili Wavlebi migvaniSnebs adamian-
Ta sacxovreblebze, ufro Sors ki _ yviTeli zoliviT miiklakneba
safosto gza...iq yvelaferi adamianisaa, aq ki yvelaferi ekuTvnis
RmerTs.
…weliwadSi erTxel RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRes savanis Cveu-
lebrivi mdumareba icvleba aq mosuli uamravi adamianis xmauriT. es
sataZro dResaswaulis dRea. mlocvelebi maxlobeli adgilebidan
aqeTken moiCqarian, taZari ki gulTbilad Rebulobs maT da asobiT
sanTeli bJutavs wmindanTa saxeebis winaSe. n. dunkel-velingi (16; 4).

`kavkazi~, 8 seqtemberi,1854 w. N 70, 14 agvisto.

mdinare xopispira monasterSi
...Tvalwarmtac da mravalferovan kostiumebSi gamowyobili xa-
lxiT savse moednis daTvalierebiT nasiamovnebi mivedi monastramde...
...masSi SesaniSnavia mxatvroba _ isev monastris siZvelis maCve-
nebeli. mxatvrobis es stili, romelic Cvens eklesiaSi berZnebis-
ganaa gadmoRebuli, batonobda qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi...
eklesiis erT-erT Sida kedelze gamosaxulia monastris erT-erTi
damaarsebeli mefisa da ojaxis wevrebis portreti. esec Zalian Zveli
Ceulebaa... wirva ukve damTavrebuli iyo, magram eklesiaSi uwyvet
nakadad modiodnen axali adamianebi _ kacebi, qalebi, emTxveodnen
xatebs da mRvdlebs ukveTavdnen savedrebel locvas, panaSvids, ris-
Tvisac sasuliero pirebs Seswiravdnen mcireoden fuls, an Sinauri
meurneobis nawarms.
Cven oTx saaTze mivediT moedanze, megzurma amixsna, rom cekvis
garda iqneboda doRic. marTlac dResaswauli amiT daiwyo me aq ar
minaxavs doRi, romelSic erTdroulad bevri cxeni monawileobs.
ori an sami mojiriTe gverdi-gverd dgebian da SeZaxilebis xmaze
gaqandebian, zogjer _ unagiridan amovardnamdec ki. xalxi or rigad

59
ewyoba, riTac grZel, cocxal xeivans qmnis, romelSic mihqrian mxe-
drebi; mayurebeli ki yviriliT, mojiriTeebis waqezebiT aqtiurad
monawileobs doRSi.
saintereso iyo es cocxali, metyveli saxeebi lamazi kavkasiuri
tomisa, romlis yoveli wevris saxe, mxatvris funjs iTxovs... gan-
sakuTrebiT lamazebi arian aqauri qera qalebi mSvenieri TmebiT,
romlebsac araerTi Cveni poeti umRerebda. aqauri qalebi mSvenier
Tmebs eqvs an rva nawnavad wnaven, romelTa boloebi miwas wvdeboda da
araerT Cvens lamazmans SeSurdeboda maTi... isini mamakacTa garToba-
TamaSobebSi naklebad monawileobdnen.
am dros mxedrebs Soris gansakuTrebuli moZraoba SeimCneoda,
mivxvdi, rom raRac axali TamaSi iwyeboda. marTlac, mxedrebi or
jgufad gaiyvnen da erTmaneTis pirispir dadgnen. yvelani SeiaraRe-
bulni iyvnen grZeli msxvili joxebiT. zogs joxi ramdenime hqonda.
da ai, erTi mxridan gamoeSura mxedari da TavzemoT Subis tria-
liT mihqris mowinaaRmdegisaken. metoqeni eZeben moments, marjved
moartyan erTmaneTs joxi, romelsac SubiviT isvrian. mowinaaRmde-
ge Tavs icavs, igeriebs dartymas da yovelTvis cdilobs daiWiros
misken gamosrolili Subi da Tu amas SeZlebs, rac xSirad xdeba,
misi momxreebi yiJiniTa da SeZaxilebiT ajildoeben. TamaSi ufro
sainteresoa, roca saasparezod gamodis ara erTi, aramed ramdenime
raindi, romelTa winaSe amdenive mowinaaRmdege dadgeba. saasparezod
Semomsvleli an gamsvleli, yovelTvis navardiT, mTeli ZaliT zemoT
isvris Subs da TviTonve iWers.
es saintereso TamaSi gvagonebs raindTa turnirebs da Tu tra-
gikuli SedegebiT ar sruldeba, rogorc es raindTa Sejibrebebis
dros xdeboda, mainc ar mTavrdeba cxenisgan Camovardnisa da joxis
SublSi an TvalebSi moxvedrisgan gaCenili kopebisa gareSe. sanaxao-
baSi mxolod Tavad-aznaurebi monawileoben. erTma ramem gamakvirva:
aravin kopwiaobda Tavisi cxeniT, romlebic aq samasze meti iyo, _
yvela adgilobrivi jiSisa.
bolos qalebic gaxdnen yuradRebis sagani. daiwyo cekva. unda
aRvniSno, rom aseTi erovnuli cekva ar minaxavs arc imereTSi, arc
guriaSi, sadac Cven mudam lekuriT cekviT gvxvdebodnen, romelic
bolos sakmaod mosawyeni xdeboda. aqauri cekva ki CvenTvis iyo siaxle
da saintereso. pirveli _ masSi monawileobs ara erTi da ori, aramed _
monacvleobiT mravali kaci da qali, romlebic xelixel Cakidebulni,
mxardamxar cekvaven. am uzarmazari, 50-ze meti wyvilisagan Semdgari
ferxulidan, erTi iwyebs simReras. mokle kupletis Semdeg, yvelani
aitaceben mis ukanasknel sityvebs...da gvagoneben saerTo amierka-
vkasiur erovnul simReras. yvelani mwyobrad, narnarad moZraoben

60
marjvniv an marcxniv da asruleben oTxtaqtian martiv pa-s. momeCve-
na, rom damwyebi, romelsac mowinaaRmdege mxridan hyavs mopasuxe,
improvizirebs, radganac mocekvaveebs xSirad autydebaT homeruli
sicili. mTargmnelma amixsna, rom is mReris cnobil, Zalian sasacilo
simReras. _ ratom ar icinian qalebi, _ vkiTxe me mTargmnels da vTxo-
ve eTargmna simReris Sinaarsi. mTargmnelma amixsna da me mivxvdi Tu
ratom xarxareben kacebi da qalebi ki morcxvad iRimian...
mocekvaveebis wre nelnela erT mxares miiwevda, uceb damwyebma
raRac Zalian aRtkinebulad imRera da mTeli gundi acekvda. es ga-
meorda ramdenjerme. Zalian sainteresoa aqauri, Tvalwarmtac tan-
sacmelSi gamowyobili kacebisa da qalebis am wris narnari, mwyobri
moZraobebidan Tavawyvetil velur moZraobebze swrafad gardamavali
cekvis xilva. rogorc erTi, aseve meore, gansakuTrebiT qalebma
Seasrules graciiT, moxdenilad, rac ase ganarCevs aqaur modgmas...
mze Cadioda da mewamuli feriT SeReba svaneTis Tovliani mTebi.
mxuTavma sicxem adgili dauTmo saRamos sigriles. me saaTnaxevris
savali gza unda gamevlo banakamde. wavedi da Sors macilebda mo-
dResaswaule xalxis xmauri da SeZaxilebi. madlobeli var bedisa,
romelmac marguna udidesi da umravalferovanesi saxiT menaxa ero-
vnuli dResaswauli samegreloSi.
p. bibikovi (16; 6).

1857-1867 weli. rafiel erisTavi.

monasteri xobis RmrTismSoblis miZinebisa.
`...kvaladca ama monastersa msvenarebs kvarTi y˜d wmidisa da
umetesad kurTxeulisa RmrTismSoblisa, erTsa vercxliT SeZerwils
oqro curvilis da TvalmargalitiT Semkulsa kubosa Sina 1813 wli-
sasa ganuxrwnelad daculi. ama kubosa Sina msuenareben wmidani
nawilni, marjvena mklavi xuTisave TiTebiT wmidisa didmowamisa ma-
rinasi ganuxrwneli 1603 wlisa... da wmidisa mowamisa ivlitasi xeli
xuTsave TiTebiT sami wlis yrmisa. monastersa amas Sina msuenarebs
Zeli cxoveli oqroT SeZerwili da sxvani wmidaTa nawilni ara mci-
redni...~ (21; 4) (ix. danarTi 1).

`sia xobis RvTismSoblis miZinebis monastris saeklesio sa-

mkaulTa, Semdgari 30 maisis 1859 welsa~. am dokumentis mixedviT
`trapezzed, ...asvenia vecxlis kolofi, romelSidac Casvenebulia
RvTismSoblis perangi, wmidis mowamisa marinas mklavi xelianaT, xe-
lisa TiTebzed Semkul arian oqrosa da vercxlis beWdebi, ricxviT
TuTxmetni, erTi mrgvali sayure...~ (102; 19-21)

61
 `КАВКАЗСКАЯ СТАРИНА~, 1873 w. N 3, ianvari, mgzavris
SeniSvnebi samegreloSi T-d r. d. erisTavisa
...aqedan mosCans xopis RvTismSoblis miZinebis monasteri, berZ-
nuli arqiteqturisa, mdebare bias mTebis dasavleT nawilSi...
monastris agebas miaweren mefeT-mefes, erisTavT-erisTavsa da
mandaturTuxucess giorgi I-s…monastris miwebsa da glexebs marTa-
vdnen kaTolikosebi ilarioni da grigoli (Tavad lorTqifaniZeTa-
gan). aq XVII saukunemde iyo sakaTalikoso kaTedra.... xopis monasteri
iyo samegrelos mmarTvelebis pirveli dinastiis gansasvenebeli da aq
aris saflavebi giorgi I-s, vameyis, Sergirisa da samadavlesi.
xobis monasterSi daculia Semdegi SesaniSnavi siwmindeebi: 1.
yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kvarTi, mooqrvili da Zvirfas TvlebiT
Semkuli, kuboSi Casvenebuli; 2. marjvena xeli mtevniTurT antio-
qieli wamebul marinesi, romelic iyo edeseli warmarTi qurumis
pisaidis asuli da qristes rwmenisaTvis wamebiT mokluli mTavar
lombrosiosis mier; 3. wm. mowame ivlitas xeli mtevniTurT; 4. sami
wlis yrmis xeli; 5. Zelicxovlis nawili, Casvenebuli oqros budeSi
da sxvebi. es kubo morTulia qoronikons 328 wels (1108 w. q. S. _ unda
iyos 1640 w. _ Semdgenlebi) malaqia gurielisa da levan dadianis mier
dedofal nestan-darejanis sulis mosaxseneblad.
monasters batonymobis gauqmebamde ekuTvnoda 470 komli glexi,
romlebic eklesias uxdidnen 2550 maneTs. monasters aqvs venaxi,
wisqvili, miwebi da tyeebi, aq cxovreben winamZRvari, ieromonazoni,
ierodiakoni da morCilebi.
yovel wels 15 agvistos aq tardeba sataZro dResaswauli, sadac
Tavs iyrian mlocvelebi, rogorc Soreuli adgilebidan, aseve mim-
debare soflebidan. RvTismsaxurebis Semdeg aqve imarTeba bazroba,
sadac maxlobeli adgilebidan modian vaWrebi. aqve tardeba jiriTi,
imarTeba cekva da simRera.
dawerilia 1867 wels (49; N3).

1879 w. 20 seqtemberi. xobis RvTismSoblis miZinebi monastris

qonebis saeklesio aRweris masalebis mixedviT, romelsac xels aweren
xobis monastris marTveli mRvdelmonazoni kalistrate. komisiis
Tavmjdomare: imereT-saqarTvelos sinodaluri kantoris wevri ar-
qimandriti grigoli, komisiis wevrebi: quTaisis sakaTedro taZris
dekanozi ioane gamrekelovi, blaRoCini mRvdeli giorgi beriZe,
saqmis mwarmoebeli mRvdeli nikoloz xucievi xobis monasterSi Ca-
moTvlil siwmindeTa Soris aRniSnulia: vercxliT moWedili xis
kidobani RvTismSoblis gamosaxulebiT romelSic yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis qitoni (kvarTi) aris Casvenebuli (103; 83).

62
 `Sroma~, 1882 w. 24 ivnisi, N24
...saqarTvelos da imereTis ZvelTa eklesiaTa Soris iricxeba Cve-
ni xobis monasteri samegreloSi, Tvisis Zvelis SesaniSnavis SenobiT
da mxatvrobiT, Zvirfas SemkulobiT, oqro-curvil xatebiT, ZvelTa
mefeTa da dadianTagan.
ama monasterSi mosula 23-s ama maisis TveSi mwerali francuzi
murrie gamosakvlevad Cvenis qveynis siZveleTa, auRia suraTi, ro-
gorc eklesiis, egreTve xatTa da SenobaTa.
aqa msvenarebs yovlad wmindis RvTismSoblis kvarTi (perangi),
amis sacavs vercxlis kubozed sweria Tumca vrclad, magram me mxo-
lod amas gardavscem mkiTxvels sazogadoebas: `xelmwifeman da da-
dianman, patronman levan, SegimkveT kvarTis kubo ese saoxad sulisa
dedoflis nestan darejanisa, WilaZis asulisa, qoronikonsa 328-sa~.
ieromonaxi kalistrate 28 maisi, 1882 w. (16; 19).

1886 _ 1890 wlebSi xobis monasterSi moRvaweobda wm. aleqsi beri

(SuSania), sadac episkopos grigolis mier xeldasxmul iqna diakvnad,
xolo 1888 wels mRvdel-monazvnad (101; 26).

`droeba~, 1885 w. 15 agvisto, N175

samegreloSi, axal senakis maxloblad, CrdiloeTis mxriT, ma-
Rals mTazed 1857 wlamde iyo sazafxulo bina xobis monastris wina-
mZRvrisa da krebulTa. am adgils uwodeben saxarbedios. aq iyo erTi
patara eklesia wmindis giorgis saxelzed da saxlebi krebulTaTvis;
1857 wels gardacvalebisa gamo xobis monastris winamZRvrisa, bina
moiSala, sakrebulo saxlebi daingra da darCa iq mxolod patara
eklesia uCinod. 1866 wels movida erTi deda-kaci guriadam, saxelad
salome TavdgiriZis asuli, sasuliero mTavrobis nebarTviT uCinod
darCenili adgili saxarbedio myudro samyofad gardaiqmna; sxvebmac
moiyares aq Tavi da amJamad es eklesia umaRless mTavrobas dedaTa
monastrad daumtkicebia. (16; 28)

`mwyemsi~, 1886 w. 20 Tebervali, N6, saistorio masala, varZiis

monasteri, 1156-1212 w.
...aqauri mxatvroba da berZnul-qarTuli warwera gvarwmuneben,
rom xobis monasteri (megreliaSi) da varZia unda iyos erT saukuneSi
erTi arxitekturis mxatvroba. xobi dasavleT saqarTveloSi, sxvaTa
Soris, xom mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis sazamTro samyofi iyo...
winamZRvari varZiis monastrisa
mRvdelmonazoni kalistrate (16; 32).

63
 `iveria~, 1887 w. 8 oqtomberi, N208, sofeli nojixevi
nojixevsa da xobs Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT uZevs mSvenieri aRmarTi
adgili, romelzedac aSenebulia xobis monasteri. es monasteri Zvel-
Taganvea daSTenili. xalxi ambobs, rom viTomc es monasteri daviT aR-
maSeneblis droisa iyos... aq xobSi, monastris maxloblad, yovel-wliv,
agvistos 5-20-mde imarTeba mTel samegreloSi garda Zvelsenakisa upir-
velisi savaWro iarmurka, sadac yovel samegrelos kuTxidan modian
vaWrebi, quTaisidan Camodian vaWari israelebi, romlebic aq blomad
asaReben TavianT monayar saqonels. am dros asobiT da aTasobiT mo-
dian fexSiSvela qalebi salocavad, Cveulebada aqvT xobis axlo-maxlo
soflebSi, rom qalebi raime gaWirvebis dros fex-SiSvelad wasvlas
hpirdebian RmerTs da mere marTlac fex-SiSvelnic midian monasterSi
salocavad~ . maswavlebeli nojixevis skolisa m. p. lifonava (16; 37).

`mwyemsi~, 1891 w. 1-30 maisi, N 9-10.

TeklaTis dedaTa monasteri
...CvenSi bevrma ar icis zemoxsenebuli dedaTa monastris daar-
sebis istoria da amitom minda oriode sityva mouTxra mkiTxvelebs
am monastris daarsebis Sesaxeb.
im adgils sadac es monasteria aRSenebuli, Zvel droSi sazafxu-
lo sadgomebi iyo xopis monastris gansvenebul winamZRvarTa. (16; 44).

1894 weli. mRvdelmonazoni kalistrate (CiCua). `...yovlad wmindis

RvTismSoblis kvarTis(perangi) kubo vercxliT moWedili, sigrZiT 9
goji, gani 6 goji, simaRle 5 goji...
...am saxiT Tvali zeciuri dedoflisa yovelTvis iRwvoda Tavisi
wilxdomilis eris _ qarTvelebisTvis, amitom kvarTi ese, Tavis eris
sasiqadulod msvenarebs aq xopis monasterSi, rogorc niSani Tavisi
mfarvelobisa...~ (11; 28-29).

`iveria~, 1894 w. 17 ivlisi, N 152

Tamar mefis gulze sakid jvars Sig asvenia jvaris saxedve Cata-
nebuli Zeli WeSmariti.
T. Jordania (16; 62).

`iveria~, 1894 w. 4 agvisto, N166, Tamar mefis

gul-sakid jvarisa gamo (pasuxad mama kalistrates)
... imis sabuTad, Tu ramdenis saTnoebiT, krZalviT da gafrTxi-
lebiT ekidebian xobis ber-monazonni... siwmindeebs, saWirod vracx

64
movixsenio is sanugeSo mdgomareoba, rom arqimandriti xobisa mama
iobi Seimosa saRmrTo SesamosliT da ise miCvena xobis siwmideni,
yvela ber-monazonni muxl-modrekiT emTxveodnen siwmideTa, mag.
xeliT Sexebas aravin hkadrebda, garda Semosilis arqimandritisa.
SesaniSnavia, rom xobis ber-monazonTa sruliad ar uCvenebiaT Tama-
ris jvari akademikos brossesTvis (Uayage archeol. Rap.VII, p.40-48). me
kerZo kacTaganac davalebuli viyav gamego WeSmariti mdgomareoba im
siwmideTa, romelnic avazakebma amas winad moitaces, magram rogorc
marwmunebdnen, saswaulebiT SeSinebulTa, isev daubrunes monasters
mitacebulni siwmideni. xolo rodesac vnaxe xobis ber-monazonTa
esreTi sasoeba, diaR vinugeSe, rom xobis siwmideTa dRes Rirseulni
damfasebelni da RvTis moSiSni mcvelni hyavT...
T. Jordania (16; 66-67)

`cnobis furceli~, 1898 w. 16 ivnisi, N 559.

xopi, keTili kvali
8 ivniss, 2 saaTzed daba zugdididan gzatkecilis 4 versis man-
Zilze gverdis gavliT mobrZanda misi yovlad usamRvdeloesoba
guria-mengreliis episkoposi aleqsandre xopis monasterSi, miuxeda-
vad wvimisa mas dauxvda mravali xalxi. eklesiis wesisamebr miRebis
Semdeg, maTma meufebam kaTedridan waemoTqva: `mociquli da maxa-
robeli ioane RvTismetyveli moZRvrebda, raTa hyobdnen mSvidobas
da siyvaruls, me aq mSvidobisaTvis movedi, me msurs CvenSi iyos
mSvidoba, siyvaruli da erToba! Tqven aq gabariaT saqarTvelos sasi-
qadulo siwmindeebi, romelic aris: RvTismSobli perangi, SesaniSnavi
(sididiT) Zeli WeSmariti, wm. qalwulmowamis marinas da kvirikes
marjvena mklavebi da sxva wmindanTa nawilebi, Zvirfasi xatebi da
jvrebi. ameebis sasoebiT da SiSiT unda SemoxvideT didebul taZarSi;
mSvidoba da siyvaruli sadac iqneba, RmerTic iq ganisvenebs, romelic
suliT gvacxovnebs da xalxisgan daimsaxurebT siyvaruls da pati-
viscemas. amas visurveb Tqvengan, me dRes vwirav Cemi jibidgan aTas
maneTs, raTa am Tanxis sargeblisgan aq msvenare siwmindeebis winaSe
me msurs mudam iyos gauqrobeli lampari~....
kalistrate (16; 93-94)

`iveria~, 1898 w. 26 agvisto, N 183, daba xobi

yovel wels mariamobas am monasterSi iarmukoba imarTeba da same-
grelos axlo-maxlo soflebidan xalxi modis salocavad, radgan 15
agvistos TviT monastris dReobaa. mlocvelebi didi litaniiT aTe-
ven Rames da swiraven monasters: sanTel-sakmevels, vercxls (danapiri

65
iqneba), fuls da cxvars. Ramis mTevelTa mxiaruleba, simRera-guguni
megrul kilozed mSveniers suraTs warmoadgens. Ramis mTevelebma
galavanSi sma-Wama da loToba ise rodi ician, rogorc zogierTgan
saqarTveloSi Cveulebad aqvT xolme... am aT mariamobisTves xobis
monasterSi movida saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebis siZveleTa da
naSTTa damcveli arxeologi da mxatvari eisneri, romelic mosvlis-
Tanave Seudga Zveli drois xatebis suraTebis gadaRebas...(16; 95).

`cnobis furceli~, 1898 w. 29 agvisto, N 618

xopi
...14 ag­vis­tos di­liT bo­qa­ul­ma ava­liS­vil­ma Sua ba­zar­Si aR­mar­Ta
sadRe­sas­wa­u­lo ba­i­ra­Ri, mo­u­wo­da vaW­rebs da mTel baz­ro­bas, mi­iw­via
mo­nas­t­ris wi­nam­ZR­var be­re­bi da sam­R­v­de­lo­e­ba, za­re­bis re­kiT, jvriT
da xa­te­biT Sua ba­zar­Si wya­li akur­Txes, mov­le­nis Sem­deg, xal­xi da
ka­ra­ve­bi na­kur­Txi wyliT sxu­re­bul iq­m­nen... am dRe­sas­wa­u­lis pa­tiv­
sa­ce­mad, mi­u­xe­da­vad di­di wvi­mi­sa, 13 ag­vis­tos mob­r­Zan­da gu­ri­a-
­ sa­meg­re­los epis­ko­po­si aleq­san­
d­re, Tvi­sis sa­ka­Ted­ro de­ka-
­no­ze­biT, kre­bu­liT da mga­lob­
le­biT. xo­pis mo­nas­t­ris wi­nam­
ZR­vars da Zmebs Ta­vi­si xe­liT
Ca­a­ba­ra, amas­wi­naT mis­gan Se­wi­
ru­li er­Ti aTa­si ma­ne­Tis bi­le­
Ti mo­nas­t­ris sa­sar­geb­lod.
taZ­ris dRe­sas­wa­u­lo­ba, Ra­mi­
Te­viT Tvi­Ton Se­as­ru­la: ar­xi­
man­d­r i­t e­b iT, de­k a­n o­z e­b iT,
mRvdel­mo­naz­v­ne­biT da sxva
sam­R­v­de­lo­e­biT, im­de­ni mloc­
ve­le­bi iy­v­nen, rom TiT­q­mis or
sa­aTs gag­r­Zel­da me­u­fis mi­er
wm. ze­TiT xal­xis kur­Txe­va.
me­o­re dRes 15 ag­vis­tos,
ima­ve sam­R­v­de­lo­e­biT Se­as­ru­
la sam­R­v­To li­tur­gi­a; gar­da­
i­xa­da RvTis­m­Sob­lis pa­rak­li­
si mux­l­mod­re­kiT. ka­Ted­ri­dan
mcxo­van­ma mRvdel­m­Ta­var­ma war­
sur. 41. wm. aleqsandre episkoposi mos­T­q­va sag­r­Z­no­be­li dRe­sas­
(oqropiriZe) wa­u­lis Se­sa­xeb moZR­v­re­ba da

66
yve­la Se­a­ved­ra RvTis­m­Sob­lis Sem­we­o­ba-­m­far­ve­lo­bas da aq msve­na­re
wmin­da­Ta na­wi­lebs...
xopeli (16;98-99).

`cnobis furceli~, 1898 w. 16 oqtomberi, N 655, daba xopi. da-

savleT saqarTveloSi Zvel kolxidaSi, Savi zRvis maxloblad aris
erTi uZvelesi taZari, metad Rirsi yuradRebisa, es taZari umaRlesi
xelovnebiT aris naSeni: bizantiuri mxatvroba, samegrelos sasiqa-
dulo siwmindeebi: RvTismSoblis kvarTi (perangi) da sxva nawilebi,
Zvirfasi xatebi da jvrebi, 957-1660 w. didebul mefisgan Tvalmarga-
litiT Semkobilni da sxva istoriuli pirebis suraTebi...
xopeli (16; 102)

`cnobis furceli~ 1899 w. 3 seqtemberi, N 907, s. xobi (samegrelo)

s. xobSi rogorc ukve mogaxseneT arsebobs samegrelos ZvelTa-
Zveli siamaye, monasteri. am monastris saxelze aq mariamobis TveSi
yovelwliv iarmukoba _ bazroba imarTeba. (16; 108).

`iveria~, 1902 w. 9 agvisto, N168, daba xobi. dadga agvisto da xo-

belebma daiwyes sadResaswaulo mzadeba. es dResaswauli ganTqmulia
mTels samegreloSi, `maraSinoba~-mariamobis dRsaswauli (16; 121).

`cnobis furceli~, 1903 w. 1 agvisto, N 2224, werili

samegrelodan
...agvistoSi ician ician iarmukoba Zvel senakSi da sof. xobSi
(monasterTan), gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia pirveli, romelic met-
xansac grZeldeba da meti sargeblobac moaqvs xalxisaTvis. igi iwyeba
swored maSin, roca soflis kaci cotad Tu bevrad muSaobisagan Ta-
vdaRweulia da amnairad droc aqvs soflis nawarmoebi bazrad gai-
tanos. xobis iarmukobas ufro sarwmunoebrivi xasiaTi aqvs (16; 132).

`Cernomorski vestniki~, 1904 w. 1 dekemberi, N 249, daba xobi zug-

didis mazrisa. dabidan sami versze nojixevis sazogadoebis sofel
biis sazRvarze, mdebareobs Zveli xobis monasteri, sadac yoveli
wlis agvistoSi tardeba `maraSinoba-mariamobis~ bazroba, romelic
erTi kvira grZeldeba. es monasteri mdinare xobiswylis marcxena
sanapiroze, maRal borcvze mdebareobs. aq aTamde beri cxovrobs,
romlebsac xelmZRvanelobs arqimandriti simeoni. es ukanaskneli,
miuxedavad Rrma xandazmulobisa, daucxromlad iRvwis Cveni mo-
nastris gasaumjobeseblad. monastris maxloblad naxevar versze
mdebareobs aqauri sasaflao... (16; 142).

67
 `Sinauri saqmeebi~, 1910 w. 9 seqtemberi, N 32, werili xopidan
25 oqtommbers xopis monasters estumra y-d samRvdelo leoni-
di. mizezs maTis mobrZanebisas Sedgenda am monasterSi namuSevaris
daTvaliereba. am wlis agvistos 15, roca misi meufeba mobrZanda
sawiravad, daaTvaliera monasteri da gansakuTrebiTi yuradReba
miaqcia taZars, taZari kramitiT iyo daxuruli... xopis monasteris
taZari erTi SesaniSnavi, taZarTagania, rogorc xuroTmoZRvrebiT
ise siwmidiT. am taZarSi asvenia kvarTi y-d wmida RvTismSoblisa da
mravali nawilebi. garda am siwmidisa aqve asvenia ramdenime Zvirfasi
xati da jvari da maT Soris SesaniSnavi jvari saqarTvelos mnaTobTa
mefeTa _ Tamarisa da daviT aRmaSenebelisa.
... diax, es taZari rogorc samlocveloa ise sacavia CvenTa saxe-
lovanTa didebulTa winaparTa da visac ki uRvivis qarTveloba gul-
Si, igi unda Setrfodes, Sexarodes da Tayvans scemdes Tavis saxe-
lovan winaparT naSTebsa da cdilobdes maT gamSvenebasa (16; 151-152).

`kolxida~, 1911 w. 25 agvisto, N120, d. xobi

daba xobSi ganTqmuli monasteri imyofeba (16; 155).

`Sinauri saqmeebi~, 1912 w. 24 ivnisi, N 24 ,

yovladsamRvdelo leonidis mogzauroba
samegrelos eklesiebis dasaTvaliereblad
...Cveni ukvdavi mgosani akaki didebul xopis monastersac Sexebia
Tavis cnobil moTxroba `naTelaSi~ da swored ise momjadoeblad
gvisuraT-xatebs monastris mdebareobis sikekluces, rogorc mis
zegardamo madliT cxebul kalams Sehferis da moeTxoveba. gulwr-
felad vurCevT yvela mkiTxvels `naTeladan~ am aRwerilobas da
dastkbes poeturi uebro suraTiT. Cvenis mxriT, akakis qmnilebis
Semdeg, xopis mdebareobis daxasiaTeba, kadniereba iqnebida, amitom
amaze krintsac ar vZravT.
Cveni samSoblos istoriis mcodneni xopis daarsebas meaTe sauku-
nis wina dros akuTneben. xsenebul monasterSi asvenia meaTe saukunis
qarTuli xelovnebis xatebi da iseTi fasdaudebeli naSTi, rogoric
aris didebuli Tamar dedoflis gulze sakidi jvari.
xopis monasters abrwyinebs kvarTi yovlad wmida RvTismSoblisa,
mTeli marjvena mklavi xeliana qalwulmowame marinesi da macxena xeli
wm. kvirikesi.
mlocvelebis simravliT xops vercerTi eklesia da monasteri
ver daedreba samegreloSi. am savanis dReoba igivea megrelebisaTvis,

68
rac mowameToba imerlebisaTvis,
alaverdoba kaxelebisaTvis da
gerisToba qarTlelebisaTvis.
miZinebamde jer isev erTi kvi-
ris win wyobilobs xalxi denas
da TviT miZinebas imdeni mloc-
velebi grovdebian, rom teva
aRaraa xolme monastris SigniT
da gareT galavanSi.
TiTqmis usaso, lmobierebas
da sarwmunoebriv grZnobis si-
cxoveles moklebuli megreli,
Zneli sacnobi xdeba RvTismSo-
blis xatis win.
Sesdgamen Tu ara fexs mo-
nastris ezoSi, TiTqmis yvelani
sdgebian muxlis Tavebze da ase
daCoqilebi midian eklesiamde,
xolo eklesiaSi, RvTismSoblis sur. 42. saqarTvelos kaTolikos
xatis win ise mxurvaleT lo- patriaqi leonide (oqropiriZe)
culoben da imodena cremlsa
Rvrian, rom swored saocaria, vin misca am garegnulad gauxeSavs da
mcire morwmune xalxs am zomis gulis Semusvrileba da sinanulis
Segneba!
Cveulebisamebr, dReobisTvis welsac didZali mlocvelebi Se-
grovdnen. mlocvelebis simravles, sxvaTa Soris, saamo daric xels
uwyobda.
RamisTeviTi locva da daujdomeli, agreTve meore dRis wirva
da paraklisi Seasrula Cveulebrivi lmobierebiT, misma meufebam
monastris krebuli monawileobiT. paraklisis dawyebis win Semosilma
berebma dadges Sua eklesiaSi Tav-axdili `larnaki~, romelSic asvenia
yovlad wminda RvTismSoblis kvarTi, wm. marines mklavi da kvirikes
xeli. xalxis dasanaxavad gaxsnil nawilebis win misma meufebam war-
mosTqva Semdegi sityva:
`qristes mier sayvarelno, Cemo suliero Svilebo!...
Cven, qarTvelebi, sxva qristianebTan SedarebiT gansakuTrebiT
movaleni varT metad gvaxsovdes, metad vafasebdeT, met pativs vce-
mdeT da erTgulebas uwevdeT dedaRvTisas. am qristianeTa saerTo
mosiyvarule dedam Tavisi mzrunvelobis maxlobel sagnad gaixada
Cveni eri da samSoblo. Zveli ZvelTagani gadmocemiT viciT, rom
rodesac ieso qristes mociqulebma da yovladwmida RvTismSobelma

69
wili iyares imis Sesatyobad, Tu qveynis romel kuTxes argunebda
TviTeul maTgans gangeba gasaqristianeblad, saqarTvelos moqceva
wilad xvda yovladwmida RvTismSobels.
marTalia, TiTon deda RvTisa ar mobrZanebula piradaT CvenSi
qristianobis saqadageblaT, Cveni susti goneba ver miswvdeba da ver
gaigebs, ratom macxovarma ieso qristem neba ar darTo Tavis mSobels
iveriaSi wasvlisa, ratom ubrZana man saqarTveloSi Tavis badlad
andria mociqulis gagzavna, magram es ki namdvilad viciT, rom andria
mociquli saqarTveloSi moqmedebda yovladwminda RvTismSoblis
daxmarebiTa da SewevniT. yovladwmida mariamma pirsaxeze miifara
ficari da masze gadavida misi gamoxatuleba. ai es Tavisi Zvirfasi
xati misca man andrias, roca igi miemgzavreboda saqarTveloSi da
uTxra: `madli da Sewevna Cemgan Sobilisa uflisa TanaSemwe geyavn Sen,
sadaca xvidode da meca TanaSemwe var qadagebasa magas didad Segewio
monawilesa mas Cemda xvedrebulsao.~
Sesrulda RvTismSoblis dapireba: andrias qadagebam fexi moiki-
da iveriaSi, sisxlauRvrelad da devnulebis ganucdelad kidiT ki-
demde moefina saqarTveloSi saxarebis swavla da iqamde mivida saqme,
rom siwmideTa simravliT RvTismSoblis wilxdomili qveyana TiTqmis
metoqed gauxda qristianobis akvans _ ierusalims. ager Tqven Tva-
lwin asvenia kvarTi, anu perangi yovladwmida RvTismSobelisa, nivTi,
romelic hfaravda RvTismSoblis unetares xorcs, romelic exeboda
qerubinTa upatiosnes sxeuls. amisave msgavsi siwmide, kvarTi uflisa
ieso qristesi, moqsovili RvTismSoblis wm. TiTebiT, asvenia mcxeTas
mironmadinebel svetqveS, saqarTveloSivea didi nawili ieso qristes
patiosani sisxliT gawmendili jvarisa, lursmnebi, romlebiTac mim-
sWvaluli iyo qriste jvarze eseTi nawilebi uTvalav wmindanebisa,
rogorebsac xedavT sakuTari TvaliT. samegrelos dideba da mSveneba
_ martvili qarTulad niSnavs wm. mowames da eseTi saxeli darqmevia
mas berZnebisagan imis gamo, rom mTlad avsili yofila wm. mowameebis
nawilebiT. amgvarad Cveni qveyana Seiqmna wm. nawilebisa da saRmrTo
saganTa luskumad, savaned, salarod... yvela es moxda RvTismSoblis
meoxebiTa da daxmarebiT. siwmindeebi arasodes grovdeba, iq, sadac
eri mimdevaria biwieri cxovrebisa da dacemuli yofaqcevisa.
RmerTi wmidaTa Soris ganisvenebs da raki, rogorc aRvniSneT,
RvTismSoblis meoxebiT, Cveni qveyana wmidanebis banakad gaxda, Rmer-
Tic gansakuTrebiT CvenSi ganisvenebda, RmerTic, WkvaSi myofTa mi-
saxvedrad da sagrZnobelad, cxadac icavda da hfaravda Cvens ersa.
siwminde, romliTac RvTismSoblis meoxebiT aRivso Cveni sam-
Soblo, Seiqmna am qveynis zRuded, simagred da Zalad, am saRmrTo
Zalam STahbera Cvens ers iseTi mZlavri suli uZleveli gmirobisa,

70
rom saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi mtveriviT ibertyavda Tavisze aTasjer
mZlavr da mravalricxovan mtrebs da TiTon yovelTvis gamarjvebu-
li, mxne da moqmedebis ZaliT aRvsili rCeboda. Cveni mama-papa grZ-
nobda am saRmrTo naSTebis did mniSvnelobas, igi sakuTari Tvalis
gugasaviT ufrTxildeboda am siwmides, Cveni Zvelebi iyvnen RrmaT
morwmuneni, RvTis moSiSni, wminda cxovrebis da maRali zneobis mi-
mdevarni, radganac icodnen, rom biwieri cxovreba moaklebda maT
RvTis yuradRebas da wmindanebis meoxebas, wmindanebis daxmarebas
da locvas winaSe RvTisa.
aseTi sarwmunoebiT da cxovrebis saSualebiT SeinarCunes maT
TavianTi miwa-wyali da erovneba.
dRes mama-papis alagi gvikavia Cven, Tu Cven Cveni Zvelebis mtki-
ce sarwmunoebisa da maRali zneobis mimdevarni viqnebiT, Tu Cvenc
iseTi sasoeba da siyvaruli gveqneba RvTismSoblisa, rogorc Cvens
mama-papas, maSin deda RvTisa arafris gulisaTvis ar gagvwiravs mis
wilxdomil ers, Cveni cxovrebac iseTi uSiSari da saxelovani iqneba,
rogorc Cveni winaprebisa da Cvens qveyanas, Cven ers samudamo mcve-
lad da darajad eyoleba isev da ise deda RvTisa.
sartyel Semoxsnil da folaqeb aglejil kacs mZlavri qari tan-
ze samosels ar SearCens da Cqara mTlad gaaSiSvlebs. Cveni erovnuli
simtkicis sartyeli sarwmunoebaa, Cveni cxovrebis gamamagrebeli
folaqebi am wmindanebis nawilTa siyvarulia. sanam yovladwmida
RvTismSobelis dedobrivi kalTis qveS viqnebiT, icodeT da gwamdeT,
manamdis RmerTic Tavis wmindanebTan erTad Cven Soris iqneba. iyavn,
iyavn! amin...~ (16; 160-164).

`samSoblo~, 1916 w. 17 marti, N 312, sofeli xobi

sofel xobis ZvelTa Zvel mamaTa monasters, dRemde ar movline-
bia iseTi winamZRvari rogoric dRes es Cveni Sromis moyvare `Sio~.
es kurTxeuli da cxonebuli beria, guria-samegrelos episkoposis
leonidis mier iqna gadmoyvanili xobis mamaTa monasterSi iRumenad
sof. martvilis mamaTa monastridan 1915 wels. beri moxuci, yovlad
patiosani, Sromisa da oflis moyvare; mas araodes ara scalian, misi
mocla da mosveneba RvTis wirva da locvaa, danarCen sxva dros igi
andomebs muSaobas: mudam xelSi uWiravs Toxi, bari, niCabi da kirka
_ aTasnair nergs da sxva da sxva mis mier namuSevars naxavT monas-
terSi, yoveli mimavali mogiTxrobs Sios Sromis Sesaxeb. vusurvebT
xangrZliv sicocxles dauRalavi SromisaTvis (16; 178).
gazeTi `komunisti~, `antireligiuri kampania zugdidis mazraSi~,
1923 weli.

71
 `...amx. rogavam Camoitana q. zugdidSi xobis monastris `siwminde-
ni~, paraskeobaze Camosul glex-kacobas uCvena da sityva warmosTqva
religiis Sesaxeb~ (105; N 106).
1923 wlidan 1989 wlamde xobis monasteri istoriisa da kulturis
Zeglad iyo gamocxadebuli. igi mxolod saeqskursio daniSnulebiT
gamoiyeneboda. XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolosa da 80-iani wlebis
damdegs xobis raionis maSindeli Tavkacis nugzar nadaraias Taosno-
biTa da SemweobiT aRdgenil iqna xobis monastris galavani; taZari
da samreklo gadaixura spilenZis saxuraviT, keTilmoewyo monastris
teritoria (2; 35).

sur. 43. 1989 wlis 16 seqtembers xobis monasters saqarTvelos

kaTalikos patriarqi ilia II estumra, misi locva-kurTxeviT xobis
uZvelesi taZari amoqmedda (2; 35)

72
sur. 44. xedi dasavleTidan

sur. 45. dasavleTis karibWe

 sur.46. xedi samxreTidan

sur. 47. macxovari sur. 48. ioane oqropiri

 sur. 49. mogvTa Tayvaniscema

sur. 50. vamey dadianis ekvderi. freska. XIV saukunis bolo

 sur. 51. kvarTis luskuma (kubo)

sur. 52. simboloebiani lodi dasavleTis kedlis

samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi
sur. 53. saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqi ilia meore, foTisa
da xobis mitropoliti grigoli da goderZi bukia xobSi

sur. 54. marcxnidan: vaxtang jafariZe, dekanizi ilia lomaia,

Tamar kvantaliani, foTisa da xobis mitropoliti grigoli,
Tamar nemsaZe, qeTevan abaSiZe, revaz papuaSvili, iRumenia ana
(museliani) da dedebi xobis monasterSi
sur. 55. dekanozi ilia lomaia, iRumenia ana (museliani), iuza
xuskivaZe, irine elizbaraSvili, baadur kupreiSvili

sur. 56. vladimer sur. 57. iuza xuskivaZe da Temo

(lado) oTaraSvili jojua
sur. 58. xobis monastris istoriis mkvlevarebi, marjvnidan: Tamaz
beraZe, buba kudava, paata cxadaia, marcxnidan pirveli anzor
siWinava

sur. 59. md. rionTan. marjvnidan: revaz papuaSvili, iulon

gagoSiZe da marcxnidan pirveli zolin gabelaia
sur. 60. jegeTaze. marcxnidan meore revaz papuaSvili, boris
kukava, vaxtang jafariZe da malxaz kukava

sur. 61. 23 aprili _ giorgoba jegeTis salocavze. centrSi

dekanozi kirion daraselia
 SeniSvnebi xobis monastris uaxlesi istoriidan
xobis monasteri da aq dasvenebuli siwmindeebi, mraval mogzaur-
sa da momlocvels izidavda, maT Soris iyvnen patriarqebi, episkopo-
sebi, rigiTi sasuliero pirebi, saxelmwifo moRvaweebi, mogzaurebi...
XIX-XX saukuneebSi xobi mecnierTa kvlevis obieqti xdeba, mis
Sesaxeb masalebi ibeWdeboda periodul gamocemebSi, samecniero wig-
nebSi.
xobis monastrisadmi miZRvnili pirveli wignis avtori iyo mRv-
delmonazoni kalistrate (CiCua). wigni gamovida saxelwodebiT: `xo-
bis monasteri da misi istoriuli wyaro~, romelic 1894 wels daibeW-
da (11). mRvdel monazoni kalistrate ganaTlebuli da mravalmxrivi
moRvawe iyo, misi werilebi ibeWdeboda imdroindel Jurnalebsa da
gazeTebSi, sxvadasxva dros, moRvaweobda xobis, daviT garejis, var-
Ziis, Tbilisis feriscvalebis, drandis monastrebSi.
fasdaudebelia rafiel erisTavis cnobebi xobis monastris
Sesaxeb, igi 1857-1867 wlebSi zugdidis mazris ufrosi da amave dros
saeklesio mamulebis zedamxedveli iyo.
pirveli samecniero xasiaTis kvleva xobis monastrze ekuTvniT
eqvTime TayaiSvilsa da nikodime kondakovs, maT wignebSi detalurad
aris aRwerili xobis taZari, iq dasvenebuli jvar-xatebi, xelnawere-
bi. Zalian mniSvnelovania cnobili mecnierebis levan rCeuliSvilisa
da vaxtang beriZis naSromebi xobis taZris arqiteqturis Sesaxeb.
RvTismSoblis kvarTisa da sxva siwmindeebis Sesaxeb 1997 wels ga-
zeT `mwyemsSi~ saintereso werili gamouqveynebia ramaz giorgaZes,
saidanac irkveva, rom is 1992 wels yofila sankt-peterburgSi aR-
mosavleTmcodneobis institutSi, sadac gacnobia iq dacul xobis
monastris sabuTebs (106; N 1). xobis freskebi detalurad iqna Seswa-
vlili TinaTin virsalaZis, TinaTin yauxCiSvilisa da iuza xuskivaZis
mier. samecniero wreebSi saeWvod miaCndaT xobis taZarSi gamosaxuli
ilarionis kaTolikosoba, magram mkvlevarma Temo jojuam daamtkica,
rom ilarions namdvilad ekava afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos)
kaTolikosis taxti. unda aRvniSnoT, rom misi gamokvlevebi uaRresad
mniSvnelovania xobis monastris istoriiT dainteresebul pirTaTvis
(26. 27). xobis siwmindeebs mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia eldar bubu-
laSvilis wignSi `saqarTvelos eklesiis siwmindeebi~ (81), zugdidis
muzeumis direqtor lili beraias SromebSi (107. 138). gamoqveynda Tea
qarTveliSvilis mniSvnelovani naSromi xobis monastris saistorio
sabuTebis Sesaxeb (35; 181). arqeologebis revaz da nana papuaSvilebis
mier Catarebulma kvlevebma xobis monastris istoriis aqamde ucnobi
da uZvelesi etapebi gamoavlina.

73
 mkvlevar giorgi kalandias Sromebi didi adgili ukavia xobis
monasters, Tumca mis mier wamoyenebul zogierT Tvalsazriss Cven
ar veTanxmebiT. mas jer kidev Tavisi studentobis dros 1994 wels
Jurnal `artanujSi~ gamouqveynebia werili saTauriT `wminda nawi-
lebi da reliqviebi saqarTveloSi (samegrelo)~, sadac CamoTvlilia
samegreloSi daculi siwmindeebi, maT Soris xobis monastrisa: 1)
RvTismSoblis kvarTi (xobi), 2) wm. giorgis barZayi (xobi), 3) Solti,
romliTac macxovari igvema (xobi), 4) wm. kvirikes xeli (xobi), 5) wm.
marines mklavi (xobi), 6) ioane naTlismcemlis Zvlis nawilebi (xobi,
martvili), 7) macxovris wveris Rerebi (xobi, bedia), 11) Zelicxovlis
nawilebi (martvili, xobi, caiSi, jgali), (108; 13). 2004 wels gamodis
giorgi kalandias wigni `odiSis saepiskoposoebi~, sadac ganxilu-
lia xobis monastrisa da mis siwmindeebis istoria. wignis daskvniTi
nawilSi weria rom: `siwmindeTa didi nawili samegrelos mTavrebis
rezidenciaSi _ zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleSi inaxeboda. aq iyo da-
culi mariam RvTismSoblis kvarTi da misi sartyeli. gansakuTrebiT
mdidari iyo xobis monasteric, sadac inaxeboda wm. giorgis, ioane
naTlismcemlis, kvirikes, marines siwmindeebi~ (54; 221), rasac Cven
ver daveTanxmebiT, aseve ver daveTanxmebiT 2015 wels gamocemul
wignis `zugdidis vlaqernis RmrTismSoblis xatis saxelobis taZari~
avtor-Semdgenlebs: dekanoz malxaz Wanturias, zaur jalaRonias,
vaJa fifias da feride afaqiZes, isini winasityvaobaSive me-3 gverdze
weren: `…zugdidis vlaqernis RmrTismSoblis xatis saxelobis sakaTe-
dro taZari wamyvani da gamorCeulia Tavisi unikaluri siwmindeebiT
_ vlaqernis xatiT, RmrTismSoblis samosliT, sartylis nawiliT da
sxva aqve davanebuli siwmindeebiT~, samoselSi rom kvarTs gulisxmo-
ben Cans amave wignis me-14 gverdze, sadac uweriaT `...RmrTismSoblis
samoseli (kvarTi) (55; 14).
1859 wlis 30 maiss Sedgenil xobis monastris saeklesio `samkaul-
Ta~ siaSi, romelsac xels aweren winamZRvari arqimandriti besario-
ni da mRvdelmonazoni petre, sxva siwmindeebTan erTad, Cawerilia
RvTismSoblis kvarTi (102; 21). 1879 wlis 20 seqtembers Sedgenili
xobis monastris qonebis siaSi, romelsac xels aweren saqarTvelo-
imereTis sinodaluri kantoris wevri arqimandriti grigoli, xobis
monastris mRvdel-monazoni kalistrate... Cawerilia yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis kvarTi (qitoni) (103; 83). sruliad samarTlianad wers
profesori eldar bubulaSvili, rom `saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde
RvTismSoblis kvarTi xobis RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZris kuTvni-
leba iyo (81; 148). Cven ar veTanxmebiT zemoT dasaxelebul avtorebs,
imitom, rom maT dasabuTebis gareSe, pirvels _ kvarTis adgilsamyo-
flad zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle aqvs gamocxadebuli, sxvebs ki,

74
zugdidis vlaqernis RmrTismSoblis xatis saxelobis taZari miaCniaT.
arada iseTi istoriuli dokumenti, romelic daadasturebda imas,
rom kvarTi odesme zugdidSi, dadianebis sasaxleSi, an romelime
sxva taZarSi yofiliyo dasvenebuli ar arsebobs. Cvenis azriT, es
warmoudgenelic aris, piriqiT, samegrelos mTavrebi, maRali rangis
sasuliero da saero pirebi zrunavdnen, rom xobis taZrisaTvis,
rogorc udidesi qristianuli siwmindeebis adgilsamyofelisa da
amdenad wminda adgilisaTvis eboZebinaT jvar-xatebi, mamulebi, ymebi,
gaemSvenebinaT taZari. Tu gadavxedavT xobis monastris Zvel sigel-
gujrebs yvelgan igrZnoba didi mokrZaleba xobis salocavisadmi.
levan II dadianma (1611-1657 ww.) xobis monasters ganuaxla mamulebis
mflobelobis sigeli, sadac is xobis RvTismSobels ase mimarTavs: `...
SiSiT da krZalviT gangiaxleT da dagimtkiceT mtkice ese ukunisamde
kacTa naTesavisagan Seucilebel-SeusarCleli wigni...~ (97; 208-211).
1833 wels ki, levan V dadianma yulevSi aSenebul pirvel qarTul
saokeano gems `xopis RvTismSobeli~ uwoda (95; 101-104). saqarTvelos
istoriaSi ar moiZebneba faqti, rom mefes, patriarqs, mRvdelmTavars
piradi mosazrebiT siwmindisaTvis adgili Seecvalos. gamonaklisebi
obieqturi mdgomareobiT iyo gamowveuli, ase magaliTad, gvian Sua-
saukuneebSi afxazur-adiReuri tomebis Semosevis Sedegad biWvinTa
gaukacrielda, dasavleT saqarTvelos mfarveli xati _ `biWvintis
RvTismSobeli~ da sxva siwmindeebi gelaTSi gadaitanes, umZimesi dro
iyo, rogorc mkvlevari babilina lominaZe wers: `...afxazeTidan wa-
mosuli kaTalikosi verasdros veRar ubrundeba biWvinTas rogorc
mudmiv rezidencias~ (109; 205). 1667 wels osmalTa jari samegreloSi
SemoWrila da xobis monastris midamoebSi dabanakebula. Turqebs
xobis monasteri gauZarcvavT da RvTismSoblis kvarTi miutacniaT.
amis gamo `...movlenebis ganviTarebiT SeSfoTebulma imereTis mefe
bagratma mTels imereTis samefoSi 20 000 aTasi `efimka~ anu ocdar-
vagramiani vercxlis fuli Seagrova da osmalebs qrTamis saxiT gaug-
zavna. Turqebma mefe bagrat mefis mier gamogzavnili qrTami miiRes,
RvTismSoblis kvarTi kvlav Tavis sabrZanebelSi daasvenes da xobis
monasters gaecalnen~ (51; 162-164. 26; 357). es is periodia, rodesac
imereTis mefeebi da samegrelos mTavrebi samkvdro-sasicocxlod
arian erTmaneTs gadakidebulni. xom advilad SeeZlo imereTis mefes
RvTismSoblis kvarTi quTaisSi bagratis didebul taZarSi, an gelaT-
Si gadaesvenebina, magram is ase ar moiqca da siwminde kvlav Tavis
sabrZanebelSi, xobis monasterSi daasvenebina.
erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac piradi mosazrebidan gamomdinare
iyo mcdeloba erTi salocavidan meoreSi gadaetanaT siwminde, mox-
da 1855 wels, rodesac samegrelos dedofalma ekaterine WavWavaZem

75
gadawyvita sujunis cnobili wminda giorgi xati martvilSi gadae-
tana, rasac xalxisa da sasuliero pirebis mxridan sruliad samarT-
lianad didi mRelvareba moyva (110; 34-35).
giorgi kalandias wignis `odiSis saepiskoposoebis~ rusul nawil-
Si weria, TiTqos sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebidan, e.i. 1921 wli-
dan RvTismSoblis kvarTi yvelasgan miviwyebuli, umeTvalyureod
iyo mitovebuli xobis taZarSi, mas awvimda da aTovda da 1936 wels
zugdidis muzeumis direqtorma gadaitana muzeumSi (54; 320), rac
simarTles ar Seesabameba, radgan 1923 wlis 23 aprils zugdidis ma-
zris aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris gr. rogavas werilis Sesabamisad xobis
miliciis ufross t. kvaracxelias xobis monasteri dauketavs da
klite wauRia (2; 27-28), xolo zugdidis arqivSi daculi dokumentis
Tanaxmad xobis monastris wm. reliqviebi da maT Soris kvarTi 1923
wlis aprilis bolos zugdidis muzeumSi gadautaniaT (58; 34-38) (ix.
danarTi 2). 2006 wels Jurnal `zugdidelebSi~ g. kalandias gakeTe-
bul gancxadebasac ver daveTanxmebiT, is wers: `...akaki Wanturiam am
saqmeSic udidesi wvlili Seitana. man komunisturi reJimis damyarebis
Semdeg xobis darbeuli eklesiis ezoSi mimofantuli wmindanTa nawile-
bi da ezoSive moSenebuli kurdRlebisaTvis Cvarad gafenili RvTismSo-
blis kvarTi komisrebis Tvalwin saTanado pativiT moabrZana zugdidSi
da udidesi Zalisxmevis Sedegad daicva muzeumSi~ (111; 15). 1923 wels
mTels saqarTveloSi bolSevikebma eklesia-monastrebidan gaitanes
siwmindeebi, maT Soris xobis monastridan. rac Seexeba imas, arsebobs
Tu ara raime kavSiri kvarTis muzeumSi gadatanasa da kurdRlebis
meurneobas Soris amaze qvemoT visaubrebT.
amave JurnalSi dabeWdilia, aseve cnobili mecnieris, Cveni mego-
bris abesalom tuRuSis werili saTauriT `siwmindeebi zugdidSi unda
darCes~, sadac movlenebi da faqtebi araswori interpretaciebiT
miewodeba sazogadoebas. Cven mTlianad ver ganvixilavT am werils,
mxolod ramdenime sakiTxs gamovyofT (112). werilis wakiTxvisas une-
blied Cndeba kiTxva: romeli maTgani unda darCes zugdidSi, mxolod
xobis monastrisa, Tu samegrelos eklesia-monastrebidan 1923 wels
bolSevikebis mier wamoRebuli yvela siwminde (58; 34-38) (ix. danarTi
2. 3.). batoni abesalomi zemoTxsenebul werilSi wers: `...wm. marines
mklavi, romelic 1640 wels ukve xobis monasterSi esvena, rogorc
Cans, drandis taZridanaa gadmotanili, radgan imave 1640 wlis 6
Tebervals rusma elCebma f. elCinma da p. zaxarievma drandaSi naxes
`косты ручные мученисы Марины _ kosti ruCnie muCenici marini...~. jer
erTi rus elCebs drandaSi unaxavT xelis Zvlebi, xobSi ki iyo wm.
marines xorcSesxmuli mklavi, romelic dRes zugdidis muzeumSia
daculi, im wyaros mixedviT, riTac sargeblobs avtori, irkveva, rom

76
drandis monasterSi wm. marines mklavi ki ara, wm. barbares nawilebi
yofila dasvenebuli. rodesac xobis monasterSi Camosul f. elCins
da p. zaxarievs unaxavT wm. marines mklavi p. zaxarievs gakvirvebia
da ukiTxavs, drandis monasterSi gvaCvenes orive xelis Zvlebi, axla
mesame xeli saidan gaCndao, xobis episkopos nikolozs (ColoyaSvili)
ganumartavs, rom drandaSi wm. barbares nawilebi inaxebao. f. elCi-
nis angariSis mixedviTac drandaSi nanaxi wminda nawilebi ekuTvnis
ara wm. marines, aramed wm. barbares (80; 222-223). is rom p. zaxarievi
da a. tuRuSi cdebian, amas adasturebs XVII saukunis moRvawis pavle
alepoelis cnobac, romlis mixedviTac drandis monasterSi daculia
wm. barbares nawilebi (96; 71).
a. tuRuSis mixedviT Turme siwmindeebi xobis taZarSi `TviT-
mxilvelTa CvenebiT upatiod yofila daculi~ (112; 17). 1923 wlamde,
vidre bolSevikebi siwmindeebs muzeumSi gadaasvenebdnen, mis dacvaze
pasuxismgebeli pirebi xobis monastris ber-monazvnebi iyvnen. ar ar-
sebobs Tundac erTi faqti, romelic am sruliad usamarTlo bral-
debas daadasturebdes, piriqiT xobis monastris sasuliero pirebis
Sesaxeb cnobili mecnieri Tedo Jordania 1894 wels werda: `...xobis
siwmideTa dRes Rirseuli damfasebeli da RvTismoSiSi mcveli hyavT~
(16; 67). aseve cnobili mecnieri zurab avaliSvili xobis monastris
siwmindeebs gulisxmobda, rodesac1925 wels werda: `...Tamar mefis
sakuTari, gulze sakidi jvaria xofis monastris (samegreloSi) berebma
Cvens dromdi erTgulad rom Seinaxes…~ (88; 14). sruliad samarTliani
Sefasebaa, radgan xobis monastris istoria saqarTvelos istoriis
Semadgeneli nawilia, man yvela is qartexili gaiara, rac Cvenma mra-
valtanjulma samSoblom da rom ara xobis monastris ber-monazonTa
Tavdadeba, gana Cvenamde moaRwevda saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi xobis
monasterSi daculi siwmindeebi?
1923 wlis gazeT `komunistSi~ (N 158) weria: `Cvens mazraSi (igu-
lisxmeba zugdidi g.C.) xalxis gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobda
yulis wminda giorgis eklesia da xobis monasteri~ (16; 210). gana xalx-
Si eqneboda gavlena im salocavs, sadac upatiod iqneboda daculi
siwmindeebi?
xobis monastris ukanasknelma winamZRvarma arqimandritma aleqsi
mircxulavam cxovrebis urTulesi gza gaiara: damTavrebuli hqon-
da xobis saministro skola da senakis sauliero saswavlebeli. XX
saukunis damdegidan moRvaweobda xobis monasterSi, gaiara gza mor-
Cilebidan arqimandritobamde (sur. 63). mis mier akaki Wanturiasadmi
gagzavnil werilebSi igrZnoba Sesabamisi epoqis Tanmdevi dramatizmi
da amave dros didi tkivili da siyvaruli xobis monastrisadmi. 1929
wlis 17 oqtombers arqimandriti aleqsi wers: `...Cems cxovrebas ki ar

77
veZeb, ama Zveli naSTi waxdeba, me is menaneba, mitom yovelive siRaribes
da gaWirvebas viTmen sanam cocxali var...~ (113; N 932); 1932 wlis 30
seqtembers aseve ak. Wanturias mimarTavs: `...me TviTon gaWirvebaSi var,
mara monasteri mainc mecodeba. monastris siyvarulisaTvis vRebulob
Tvalwin gansacdels~ (113; 952). miuxedavad bolSevikebis mxridan
umZimesi terorisa da devnisa, (daapatimres da gadaasaxles misi vaJi
lavrenti da Tanamosangre mRvdelmonazoni eqvTime naneiSvili, pir-
veli gadasaxlebidan ar dabrunebula, meore daxvrites) arqimandriti
aleqsi XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis bolomde, vidre sabolood ar
gaaZevebdnen, monasters ar moSorebia. mis Sesaxeb xobis uban WixuSi
mcxovreb 1926 wels dabadebul klimenti mixeilis Ze qanTariasagan
CaviwereT mogoneba: `aleqsi axovani da tkbilad mosaubre kaci iyo,
masTan bavSvebi mosanaTlad mohyavdaT aramarto xobidan, aramed
abasTumnidan da narazenidan, igi uangaro kaci iyo, Tu vinme rames
miscemda, is bavSvebsa da gaWirvebulebs daurigebda... aleqsisTan
vikribebodiT axalgazrdebi, mas Zalian uyvarda bavSvebi, pativs
gvcemda, Cvenc da yvelas kargs gvaswavlida, yovelTvis cdilobda
adamianisaTvis kargi gaekeTebina, Cvenc da sxvebsac gveubneboda _
erTmaneTi giyvardeT, nu geSiniaT, male mova iseTi dro yvelaferi
kargad iqnebao...~. Rrmad moxuci, Rvawlmosili da natanji xobis mo-
nastris ukanaskneli arqimandriti 1962 wels gardaicvala.
klimenti qanTarias TqmiT mis gasvenebaSi imdeni xalxi Sekrebila,
erT saaTze met xans ver SevediT micvalebulis dasatireblado. ase-
ve TviTmxilvelebis mogonebiT mas xalxis orkilometriani kolona
miacilebda anTebuli sanTlebiT xelSi. natanji da nawamebi moZRvari
dakrZales xobis monastris samrekloSi. gana im adamians, romelmac
xalxis aseTi didi siyvaruli daimsaxura, SeiZleba davabraloT siw-
mindeebisadmi udieri damokidebuleba?
2009 wels gazeT `egrisis macneSi~ gamoqveynda interviu vla-
qernis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis eklesiis winamZRvar, dekanoz
malxaz WanturiasTan, sadac is ambobs: `...yvelaze cnobili faqtia
xobis monastris winamZRvris mama Sios werili akaki Wanturiasadmi:
`waiReT yovlad wmida RvTismSoblis kvarTi, radgan Cven misi movla
ar SegviZlia, komunistebs aq bocverebis moSeneba undaT. akakim imdeni
iRona, rom siwmindeebi miliciis dacvis TanxlebiT ara marto xobis,
aramed martvilis da walenjixis monastrebidanac gadmoabrZana~ (114;
N2). akaki Wanturia ar yofila 1923 wels eklesia-monastrebidan siw-
mindeebis gatanis iniciatori, arc kurdRlebi da bocverebia arafer
SuaSi, verc xobis monastris winamZRvari ityoda msgavs rames. ratom?
amis Sesaxeb qvemoT visaubrebT, xolo is, Tu ra `pativiT miabrZanes~
kvarTi da sxva siwmindeebi zugdidSi, dabeWdilia 1923 wlis gazeT

78
`komunistSi~ gamoqveynebul werilSi `antireligiuri kampania zugdi-
dis mazraSi~, sadac weria: `...amx. rogavam Camoitana q. zugdidSi xobis
monastris `siwmindeni~, paraskeobaze Camosul glex-kacobas uCvena da
sityva warmosTqva religiis Sesaxeb~ (105; N 106). gr. rogava iyo zug-
didis mazris aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare. rogorc vxedavT 1923 wlis
maisSi RvTismSoblis kvarTi da sxva siwmindeebi xobis monasterSi
aRar aris da zugdidis muzeumSi maTi gadatanis mizezad batonebi
giorgi kalandia da dekanozi malxaz Wanturia xobSi kurdRlebisa da
bocverebis meurneobis arsebobas gvTavazoben. ar arsebobs dokumenti,
romelic daadasturebs 1923 wels araTu xobis monasterSi, aramed
saqarTveloSi sadme yofiliyo kurdRlebis ferma. gazeT `komunist-
Si~ vkiTxulobT: `sak.k.p (b) centralurma komitetma da sakavSiro
saxkomsabWom 1931 wlis ivlisSi gamoitanes konkretuli RonisZiebebi
me-16 part. yrilobis gadawyvetilebaTa safuZvelze socialistu-
ri mecxoveleobis damkvreluri tempebiT ganviTarebis uzrunvel-
sayofad. cnobilia, rom mecxoveleobis produqtebiT momaragebis
amocanas ZiriTadad wyvets Rori da msxvilfexa pirutyvi. amasTan
erTad wvrilfexa pirutyvis dargidan xorcis, tyavis da bewveulis
gadawyvetaSi udidesi roli SeiZleba iTamaSos kurdRlebmac~ (115;
N 113). ra Tqma unda mekurdRleoba ver gadaWrida sasursaTo pro-
blemas, magram komunistebma, rogorc es maT CveodaT, daiwyes farTo
kampania da propaganda gazeTebis furclebze. 1932 wlis gazeT `ko-
munistSi~ qveyndeboda werilebi saTauriT: `baWias gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba, xorcis problemis gadaWrisaTvis RorTan erTad _ baWia-
sac sapatio adgili~ (115; N 195). `farTo gza mekurdRleobas~ (115; N
111). 1930 senakSi mouwyviaT politsammarTvelos mamuli, risTvisac
TeklaTis dedaTa monastris miwebidan gamouyviaT 50 heqtari miwa
`msxvili mewvelis saqonlisa da baWiis meurneobis warmoebisaTvis~
(116; 7). gazeT `komunistSi~ 1932 wels gamoqveynebuli cnobis mixed-
viT `sax. politsammarTelos sameurneo ganyofilebam kurdRlebis
moSenebisaTvis amierkavkasiaSi udidesi saqme gaakeTa. gasuli wlis
zafxulze man senakis maxloblad yof. TeklaTis dedaTa monaster-
Tan moawyo kurdRlebis mosaSenebeli sabWoTa meurneoba, risTvisac
dasavleT evropaSi SeZenil iqna 90 suli dedal-mamali kurdReli~
(115; N 111). politsammarTvelo CvenSi arsebobda 1934 wlamde, Sina-
gan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis Camoyalibebamde, romelsac hyavda
jari. bolSevikebi mas `milicionerul~ jars uwodebdnen. samegre-
loSi politsammarTvelos jari da Stabi ganlagebuli iyo senakSi
da TeklaTis mekurdRleobis mamulis Seqmnis mizani iyo am jarebis
xorciT momarageba, Tumca ramdenime wlis Semdeg, vinaidan mekur-
dRleobam ar gaamarTla, saqarTveloSi saerTod Sewyda am Temaze

79
saubari. 1932 wels gazeT `komunistSi~ CamoTvlilia is organizaciebi
da raionebi, sadac arsebobs mekurdRleobis meurneobebi: cekavSiri,
satransporto kooperacia, monadireTa kavSiri, kolmeurneobaTa
centri, gaerTianebuli politsammarTvelos sameurneo ganyofi-
leba, afxazeTi, lagodexis raioni, ozurgeTis raioni, sakurorto
sammarTvelo, ganaTlebis komisariati (115; N 114). rogorc vxedavT
aq xobi naxsenebic ar aris.
akaki Wanturias fondSi daculi 1932 wlis werilebi, romlis avto-
ria xobis monastris arqimandriti aleqsi mircxulava saidanac Cans,
rom xobSi apirebdnen mekurdRleobis meurneobis gaxsnas, magram es ar
ganxorcielebula (113; 941. 943. 944. 945). erT-erT werilSi romelic
1932 wlis 16 ivnisiT aris daTariRebuli, arqimandriti aleqsi akaki
Wanturias wers: `akaki raSia saqme rom ar CamodiT xobSi... dRes movi-
da senakidan milicia, naxa aremare, monastris saxlebi da miTxra kur-
dRlebi unda moviyvanoTo, nebarTva ariso. me gamagebineT boqlomis
gasaRebi vis mivce da ukuTu Cven viqnebiT unda vecadoT, elizbari
darbis TqvenTan, veraferi ver gavige. ecadeT Tu dastur nebarTva
aris maTTvis, gamagebineT saCqarod~ (113; 944). 1933 wlidan ki es saki-
Txi saerTod moixsna dRis wesrigidan. bunebrivia ismis kiTxva, ra ka-
vSiri aqvs 1923 wels zugdidSi bolSevikebis mier xobis monastridan
waRebul RvTismSoblis kvarTsa da sxva siwmindeebs 1932 wels xobSi jer
kidev ar arsebul mekurdRleoba-
mebocvreobasTan? xobis monas-
tris arqimandriti Sio qviliTaia
1928 wels gardaicvala, igi xobis
samrekloSia dakrZaluli (sur.
62). rogorc vnaxeT, sakavSiro
mTavrobam 1931 wlis ivlisSi da-
gegma da dasaxa mekurdRleobis
ganviTarebis gegma, sami wlis win
gardacvlil arqimandrit Sios
rogor unda codnoda komuniste-
bis momavali sameurneo gegmebis
Sesaxeb, cxadia is ver ityoda
waiReT yovlad wmida RvTismSo-
blis kvarTi, radgan Cven misi mo-
vla ar SegviZlia, komunistebs aq
bocverebis moSeneba undaTo. mi-
Tumetes, rom arqimandrit Sios
sur. 62. arqimandriti Sio gardacvalebis dros kvarTi 5
qviliTaia wlis waRebuli iyo zugdidSi.

80
 RvTismgmobeloba 1917 wels leninis xelmZRvanelobiT ruseTSi
sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebisTanave daiwyo. ruseTSi gaCaRda
mZlavri antireligiuri kampania. 1922 w. 19 marts lenini molotovi-
sadmi gagzavnil Tavis sruliad saidumlo werilSi werda: `...Cven
swored axla unda gavaCaRoT yvelaze gadamwyveti da ulmobeli br-
Zola Savrazmeli samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg da da gavtexoT misi
winaaRmdegoba iseTi simkacriT, rom maT es ar daaviwydeT ramodeni-
me aTeuli weli... rac ufro met reaqciul samRvdeloebasa da reaq-
ciuli burJuaziis warmomadgenlebs davxvretT am sababiT, miT uke-
Tesia~ (117; 230). 1921 wels ruseTis mier aneqsirebul saqarTveloSic
ZalaSi Sedis antireligiuri kampania, romlis winaaRmdeg xma aRimaR-
la saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam, romelmac
specialuri memorandumiT mimarTa 1922 wlis 7 Tebervals genuis
saerTaSoriso konferencias, rasac bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mxri-
dan mohyva patriarqis dapatimreba. saarqivo masalebidan da imdro-
indeli presis furclebidan irkveva, rom saqarTveloSi gansakuTre-
biT 1923 wels CaRdeba antireligiuri kampania. am wels, 21 marts
ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatTan iqmneba siZveleTa da xelovnebis
ZeglTa dacvis komiteti, romelic adgilebze eklesia-monastrebidan
sxvadasxva siwmindeebisa da siZveleebis amoRebis mizniT qmnis droebiT
sagangebo komisias. samegreloSi am komisiaSi Sediodnen profesori
giorgi CubinaSvili, samegrelos (zug-
didis) muzeumis direqtori ak. Wantu-
ria, zugdidis mazris aRmaskomis wevri
i. Sonia (58; 34) (ix. danarTi 2). 1923
wlis 5 ivniss Sedgenili aqtis mixed-
viT `siZveleTa da xelovnebis ZeglTa
dacvis komitetis gankargulebiT da-
niSnulma komisiam SemadgenlobiT:
profesori CubinaSvili, samegrelos
muzeumis direqtori Wanturia da
zugdidis mazris aRmaskomis wevri i.
Soniam daaTvaliera 24 maisidan 5 ivni-
samde zugdidis mazraSi eklesiebi,
Tanaxmad komitetis cirkuliarisa da
daadgina: `maTi siZveliT da xuroT-
moZRvrebis mixedviT, qvemoT Ca-
moTvlili eklesiebi xeluxleblad
dacul iqnas istoriisa da kulturi-
saTvis~. am siaSi pirveli xobis monas- sur. 63. arqimandriti
teria (58; 42). amave komisiam aRwera aleqsi mircxulava

81
samegrelos eklesia-monastrebSi arsebuli siwmindeebi, XV TavSi Ca-
moTvlilia xobis monastris ganZeuloba, CamonaTvalSi me-5 muxlSi
weria _ sanawile kolofi /34 X 26 X 26/ sant. vercxliT SeWedili is-
toriuli warweriT, RvTismSoblis kvarTiT /180 X 150/sant. iqvea mi-
naweri SeniSvnis saxiT, rom aprilis TveSi xobis monastris ganZeulo-
ba muzeumSia gadatanili (58; 34-38) (ix. danarTi 2). rogorc aqtebidan
Cans, komisia mTavrobis mier aris Seqmnili, moqmedebs samTavrobo
direqtivebiTa da cirkuliariT, aq raime saxiT kerZo iniciativis
gamoCena g. CubinaSvilis, an ak. Wanturias mxridan imdroindeli bol-
Sevikuri realobidan gamomdinare warmoudgenelia. bolSevikuri mTa-
vroba ver hguobda ideologiur mowinaaRmdeges, pirvel rigSi ieriSi
miitanes im eklesia-monastrebis winaaRmdeg, romelTa gavlena xalxSi
Zalian didi iyo. 1923-1924 wlis gazeT `komunistis~ furclebze bevri
saintereso masalaa gamoqveynebuli: `antireligiuri kampania zugdidis
mazraSi... am mxriv arc zugdidis mazra CamorCenia saqarTvelos sxva
mowinave kuTxeebs. ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi TviT glexkacobam mRvdle-
bi gandevna da daketa 105 eklesia, zogi maTgani skolebad gadaakeTa,
saistorio ganZeuloba adgilobriv muzeums gadasca~ (105; N 106). `...
qalaq zugdidis yofil soboroSi ganzraxuli aris moewyos muSaTa
klubi. `wminda~ jvris nacvlad yofil eklesiebis gumbaTze frialebs
wiTeli droSa~ (105; N 154).
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi arsebobs ak. Wanturias fondi,
romelSic inaxeba xobis monastris winamZRvris Sios werili akaki Wan-
turiasadmi, daTariRebuli 1923 wlis noembriT. am droisaTvis siw-
mindeebi waRebulia samegrelos (zugdidis) muzeumSi da wirva-locva
akrZaluli. werilis Sinaarsi aseTia: `batono akaki, xobis monasterSi
cxovrobs rva beri, arian eseni moxucebi, zogni avadmyofni arian.
didi xania eseni monasterSi arian, wirvaSi miCveulni iyvnen. axla
wirva rom ar gvaqvs Zalian wuxareni varT. axla umorCilesad gTxovT
batono akaki, rom TavrobasTan Semweoba aRmogviCinoT da wirvis neba
mogvces. uzomoT wuxare varT, wirva rom ar gvaqvs, axla imedi gva-
qvs Tqvenzed rogorc qristes morwmune, Tavrobidgan gviSovno neba
wirvisa. xobis monastris winamZRvari arqimandriti Sio~. es werili,
rogorc Cans akaki Wanturiam zemdgom organoebs miawoda, mas zemoT
adevs rezolucia, romelic 1923 wlis 6 dekembriT TariRdeba, sadac
ikiTxeba: `aRZruli sakiTxi Sedis umaRlesi mTavrobis kompetenciaSi.
samegrelos muzeumis direqtori iyo wevri siZveleTa da xelovnebis
ZeglTa dacvis komitetis mier daniSnuli sagangebo komisiisa da ara
wevri komitetisa. muzeumi aseT sakiTxebSi ar ereva. maSasadme Suamd-
gomlobis aRZvra yovlad dauSvebelia~ (113; N 1301). rogorc vxedavT
zemdgomi organoebi ak. Wanturias araTu raime iniciativis, sakiTxis

82
dasmasac ki ukrZalavs. 1925 wlis 4 ivniss daba xobisa da sofel xobis
mcxovreblebis saxeliT filipe sasanias, nilo dimitris Ze TaTariS-
vils, amon gudus Ze jorjikias, mixa kostas Ze cxomarias, aTanase
nikolozis Ze prasievs, giorgi gigoias Ze yuraSvils da berde nikos
Ze iosavas miumarTavT zugdidis samazro aRmaskomisaTvis TxovniT
gaexsnaT maTTvis xobis RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesia, ra Tqma unda
Txovna ar Sesrulebula (58; fondi 2, saqme 60, f. 231).

antireligiuri kampania dasawyidanve gascda centraluri xeli-

suflebis kontrols, ris Sesaxebac ramdenime SemTxvevas warmovad-
genT: 1932 wels nojixevis sabWos Tavmjdomares ganuzraxavs xobis
monastridan qvevris waReba, amis Sesaxeb muzeumis mier daniSnul
darajs, mRvdelmonazon eqvTime naneiSvils ucnobebia ak. Wanturias-
Tvis, mas ki, Tavis mxriv miumarTavs xobis aRmaskomisaTvis, romelsac
gaufrTxilebia nojixevis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare xeli ar exlo qve-
vrisaTvis, miuxedavad amisa, nojixevis Tavmjdomares ganucxadebia _
me ar vemorCilebio muzeums, amouTxria qvevri da saxlSi wauRia (113;
1195). miuxedavad imisa, rom 1931 wlis 24 aprils komitetis Tavmjdo-
mares kakabaZes depeSa gaugzavnia walenjixis aRmaskomisaTvis jvarSi
mdebare sakulto nagebobebis dacvis Sesaxeb, aman ver ixsna akaki Wan-
turias mSobliur sofel jvaris wm. giorgis eklesia dangrevisagan
(113; N 1089). arada es eklesia 1923 wels TviT sabWoTa xelisuflebis
mier Setanili iyo im eklesiebis siaSi, romelic unda daculiyo `xe-
luxleblad~ (58; 42. 113; N1327). XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
arqimandriti aleqsi sistematurad ugzavnida werilebs akaki Wantu-
rias xobis monastris mZime mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, akaki Sesabamisad
awvdida informacias siZveleTa da xelovnebis ZeglTa dacvis komi-
tets, romelic Tavis SesaZleblobebis farglebSi Rebulobda zomebs,
magram xSirad adgilobrivi fanatikosi bolSevikebis winaSe isinic
uZlurni iyvnen (ix. danarTi 5). TviT akaki Wanturia 1934 wels ivane
javaxiSvils werda samegrelos muzeumSi gamefebul kanondarRveve-
bisa da sakuTari usasoobis Sesaxeb, sTxovda mas ezruna muzeumis
gadarCenisaTvis (113; 676). es magaliTebi imisaTvis ki ar mogvyavs,
rom davakninoT akaki Wanturias roli samegrelos siZveleTa dacvis
saqmeSi, piriqiT, bedniereba iyo, rom im urTules dros, swored is
aRmoCnda samegrelos siZveleebis dacvis saTaveSi, rom ara is, kidev
ufro meti gafuWdeboda, kidev ufro meti daikargeboda, dro iyo
cudi, fanatikosi bolSevikebis winaSe is uZluri iyo. man gaakeTa
Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimumi da misi Rvawlis dafasebisaTvis
sulac ar aris saWiro, xobis monastris berebs davabraloT is, rom
TiTqos siwmindeebi `upatiod yofila daculi~ (111; 15. 112; 17).

83
 1923 wels saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebidan, maT Soris xobis
monastridan wminda reliqviebisa da siwmindeebis gatana iyo antire-
ligiuri kampaniis Sedegi. isini imitom gaitanes taZrebidan da Caketes
muzeumebSi, rom xalxisaTvis miuwvdomeli yofiliyo. amagi aravis
ar unda davukargoT, arc xobis monastris berebs, arc akaki Wantu-
rias, Cveni kuTxis didebul moRvawes da arc zugdidis aRmaskomis
Tavmjdomares grigol rogavas, marTalia man 1923 wels gaitana xobis
monastridan siwmindeebi da vidre muzeums Caabarebda, Seuracxyo, `pa-
raskeobis~ bazrobaze gaitana samitingod, mas wvlili miuZRvis imaSi,
rom dRes zugdidSi muzeumi arsebobs. 1924 wlis gazeTebSi daiwyo
iseTi Sinaarsis werilebis gamoqveyneba, riTac praqtikulad amzadebd-
nen niadags, samegrelos (zugdidis) muzeumis gasauqmeblad. grigol
rogavam principuli pozicia daikava, mimarTa zemdgom organoebs, misi
werili saxelwodebiT `samegrelos muzeumis garSemo~ gamoqveynda 1924
wlis 24 agvistos gazeT `komunistSi~, riTac mxari dauWira zugdidSi
muzeumis datovebas (115; N 192). gr. rogava 1924 wels ajanyebulebTan
brZolaSi daiRupa. mas sakmaod Tbilad ixseniebs akaki Wanturia: `...misi
dakargva didi danaklisi iyo zugdidisaTvis. igi, rogorc adgilo-
brivi piri, am kuTxis avisa da kargis mcodne, zedmiwevniT patiosani,
mxiaruli da sasiamovno molaparake, Wirsa da lxinSi Tanamoziare da
TanamoZme, Cveni mxarisaTvis daufasebeli pirovneba gaxldaT da misi
sikvdili didi danaklisi iyo zugdidis mazrisaTvis...~ (119; 261).
rogorc wesi komunistebi borotebas xalxis saxeliT akeTebdnen.
1923 wlis gazeT `miwis muSaSi~ vkiTxulobT: `...aprilisTvis meore
naxevris pirvel dReebSi xobis monasterSi mTavrobis nebarTviT da
xalxis surviliT Tavi moiyara xuTi irgvliv mdebare soflis mcxo-
vreblebma; meti nawili iyo momxre monastris daketvisa da nawili ki
ara, xolo rodesac partiis warmomadgenelma ganumarta xalxs Tu ras
emsaxureboda monasteri da rom mas aravisTvis sargebloba ar moaqvs,
xalxma erT xmad gadawyvita monastris daketva, romlis Semdeg Seudg-
nen xatebis Camolagebas~ (120; N 157). komunistebi rom cruoben, amaSi
advilad davrwmundebiT: xobis monastris daxurvasTan dakavSirebiT
Cven ramdenime gadmocema CaviwereT: 1916 wels dabadebul pedagog,
valerian yeirimis Ze iosavas cnobiT 1923 wlis aprilSi komunistebs
SeukrebiaT monastris irgvliv mdebare soflebis mosaxleoba, mo-
bilizebuli yoliaT milicia da aqtivistebi, romelTa iniciativiT,
viTom xalxis moTxovniT undodaT monastris daxurva. komuniste-
bisaTvis gansakuTrebuli winaaRmdegoba gauweviaT solomon pepuias
Ze iosavas, iakob konstantines Ze cqirias, Tevdore sotias Ze bigvavas da
mRvdel nikoloz sasanias. pirveli sami mogvianebiT gadausaxlebiaT,
saidanac ar dabrunebulan.

84
 mRvdel nikoloz sasanias SviliSvilis, pedagog, 1941 wels daba-
debul amalia sasanianiasagan, (amJamad samTavros monastris monazoni
evdokia) CaviwereT: `im dRes komunistebma aiZules mRvdeli nikolo-
zi asuliyo samreklos kibeebze, raTa eqadaga RvTis ar arsebobis
Sesaxeb, man ki piriqiT iqadaga, rasac xalxis mxridan ovacia mohyva.
milicielebma moindomes misi dapatimreba, magram Zmebma abo da fi-
lipe cxomariebma igi etliT gaaqcies, Caiyvanes senakSi da TbilisSi
gaamgzavres~. komunistebma ar apaties mama nikolozs urCoba, 1924
wels Suri iZies, ajanyebaSi monawileobisaTvis gausamarTleblad
daxvrites misi 23 wlis vaJi klimenti (121; 57).
xobeli eqimis vladimer (vova) qanTarias (dabadebuli 1950 w.) Ta-
visi mamis giorgi (JorJi) qanTariasgan gaugia, rom xobis monastridan
siwmindeebis zugdidSi gadatanisas mcire SeiaraRebuli jgufi, ro-
melSic imyofeboda vova qanTarias didi bebia dariko soselia sofel
xamiskurSi daxvedrian siwmindeebTan erTad mimaval bolSevikebs,
rogorc Cans maT ver ajobes milicielTa razms da gaifantnen, xolo
dariko soselia daupatimrebiaT da zugdidis cixeSi CausvamT. igive
ambavi filolog, 1928 wels dabadebul meri aleqsandres asul abra-
mias gaugia kapito Cokoraiasagan, romelsac 1950 wels xobis raionis
aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare iyo da represirebul iqna `megrelTa saqmis~
gamo. es gadmocemebi, rom simarTlesTan axlos aris, amas adasture-
bs cnobili bolSevikis, isaak Jvanias megrulenovani wigni, sadac is
wers: `gebWofaT magaiTo... sajaro ukmayofileba yazayobawkuma xobis
(eklesiaS kilua dRas do yuliS kars. zugidiS raioni), nawili oSkaSe
do Raribi yazayobaSi aTe sofeliS medgamuefi aSkara winaandeqo
giSmeSes merCqineli eklesiefiS kiluaS do aTe ukmayofilebaq daxe
vara winaandeqobaSe iaraRiS CxarkalSa giSaaT~. qarTul enaze ase
iTargmneba: `aviRoT magaliTad... sajaro ukmayofileba glexobasTan
xobSi (eklesiis daxurvis dRes da yuliS karSi (zugdidis raioni), am
soflebSi mcxovrebi saSualo da Raribi glexebi aSkarad winaaRmdeg
gamodiodnen aRniSnuli eklesiebis daxurvisa da es ukmayofileba
kinaRam iaraRis JRarunSi gadaizarda~ (122; 182).
TiTqmis 25 welia rigi saero da sasuliero pirebi arasworad da
subieqturi interpretaciebiT awvdian sazogadoebas xobis monastris
istorias. yvela maTgans aq ver mimovixilavT. `dadianebis sasaxleTa
istoriul-arqiteqturuli muzeumis gzamkvlevSi~, romelic qarTul
da inglisur enebzea gamocemuli, vkiTxulobT: `qarTuli da ucxouri
werilobiTi wyaroebis cnobiT, 1453 wels, bizantiis imperiis dacemis
Semdeg, kvarTi saqarTveloSi bizantiel sasuliero pirs gauxiznavs
da igi xobis eklesiaSi levan II dadianis brZanebiT dausvenebiaT~ (123;

85
25). rogorc viciT, xobis monasterSi bizantiidan kvarTis Camosvene-
bis Sesaxeb ramdenime versia arsebobs. yvela maTgans aqvs arsebobis
ufleba da ratom da ris gamo SeirCa 1453 weli? levan II dadiani 1597
wels daibada da rogor SeZlebda is 1453 w. axlo xanebSi kvarTis
xobis monasterSi dasvenebas?
Cveni gakvirveba gamoiwvia studia `meoxis~ mier 2007 wels gada-
Rebulma filmma, romelsac `yovladwmida RvTismSoblis samoseli~
qvia (124). filmidan vigebT, rom TiTqos RvTismSoblis kvarTi Ta-
vdapirvelad _ bediis, Semdeg _ martvilis da sabolood _ `sada-
dianoSi xobis RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZarSi msvenarebda~. jer
erTi bediac da martvilic sadadianoa, iseve rogorc xobi da rac
mTavaria, istoriuli dokumentebiT ar dasturdeba, rom odesme
kvarTi bediaSi an martvilSi yofiliyo dasvenebuli. bediis taZarSi
dabrZanebuli yofila vlaqernis xati RvTismSoblis sartyliTurT,
romelic Semdgom martvilSi gadausvenebiaT (81; 155). 1825-1830 wleb-
Si zugdidSi augiaT vlaqernis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis eklesia
(dadianebis karis eklesia), sadac 1837 wels, rusuli mmarTvelobis
nebarTviT, dadianebs martvilidan gadausvenebiaT vlaqernis xati
(81; 160). filmSi gadmocemulia, rom, TiTqos, luskuma, romelSic
Casvenebuli iyo kvarTi, levan II dadianis dakveTiTaa Sesrulebuli,
rac ar aris swori. luskumaze aris levan II dadianis warwera, sadac
weria: `...codvaTa: misateveblad: Sevamke: da: movaWedine: kvarTis:
kubo: ese: vercxliTa: oqroT: daferviTa: TvaliTa: margalitiTa:
xelmwifeman: dadianman: patronma: levan:...~, rogorc vxedavT levanma
kvarTis kubo (luskuma) ki ar daamzadebina, aramed mxolod Seamko
da moaWedina (sur. 51).
filmis mixedviT 1921 wels, rodesac saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis mTavrobas gahqonda saqarTvelos saeklesio da samuzeu-
mo ganZeuloba, TiTqos saswaulebrivad daaklda xobis monastris
patara yuTi, radgan RvTismSoblis samoselma (kvarTma) ar inebao
saqarTvelos datoveba. es informacia ar aris swori, radgan im yuTSi
kvarTi ar ido, Tan Tu eqvTime TayaiSvils davujerebT, is ambobs: `ase
rom aqac sruliad guldamSvidebuli davrCi, rom araferi dagvikarga-
vs~ (125; 474). eqvTime TayaiSvili baTumidan konstantinopolSi gemiT
Catanil yuTebs Soris asaxelebs erT patara yuTs xobis monastris ni-
vTebiT (125; 476). 1921 wels saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
mTavrobas, xobis monastridan wminda reliqviebi ar gautania, rasac
adasturebs eqvTime TayaiSvilis, Salva amiranaSvilis, givi Jorda-
nias Sromebi da presaSi gamoqveynebuli masalebi (125. 126. 127. 128.)
am yuTSi rom kvarTi yofiliyo maSin bolSevikebi 1923 wels rogor
gadaitandnen samegrelos (zugdidis) muzeumSi, radgan saqarTvelos

86
Tavisi ganZi, maT Soris xobis monastridan 1921 wels sazRvargareT
waRebuli, 1945 wlis aprilamde ar dabrunebia.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas studia `guTanis~ mier gadaRebuli filmis
Sesaxeb, romelsac `kvarTebis qveyana~ qvia (129). am filmis mixedviT,
TiTqos grigol dadianis meuRles nino bagrations ruseTis impera-
torisaTvis saCuqrad gaugzavnia RvTismSoblis kvarTi, vlaqernis
xati da sartyeli, imperatorma kvarTisTvis kidobani daamzadebina,
xolo am siwmindeebis dasasveneblad zugdidSi vlaqernis saxelobis
karis eklesis aSeneba brZana. visac waukiTxavs iona meunargias, el-
dar bubulaSvilisa da sxvaTa Sromebi iolad mixvdeba, rom kvarTi
dedofal ninos ar gautania da igi 1923 wlamde xobis monasterSi iyo
dasvenebuli (130. 81).
es filmebi internetsivrceSia ganTavsebuli. isini satelevi-
zio arxebiTac aris naCvenebi. faqtobrivad aseul aTasobiT ada-
mians xobis monastrisa da RvTismSoblis kvarTis istoria araswori
inerpretaciebiT miewoda. Cven ar vfiqrobT, rom xobis monastris
siwmindeebis istoria mizanmimarTulad gayalbda, savaraudod, es
arakompetenturi konsultantebis bralia.
Cven ar viciT ra bedi elis momavalSi sxvadasxva muzeumebSi ar-
sebul saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebidan bolSevikebis mier gata-
nil wm. reliqviebsa da nawilebs, magram vfiqrobT Zalian saintereso
da TanamedroveobisaTvisac aqtualuri werilia gamoqveynebuli 1903
wlis saeklesio Jurnal `mwyemsSi~, saxelwodebiT `qarTuli saekle-
sio siZveleTa Sesaxeb~, sadac vkiTxulobT: `kavkazis~-is 76-e nomerSi
moxsenebulia qarTvelTaTvis erTi friad sayuradRebo garemoeba,
romelic qarTul saeklesio siZveleTa sve-beds Seexeba. orSabaTs,
17 marts, kreba hqonia qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiis sasuliero wodebis
saeklesio siZveleT-sacavis komitetsa alaverdis episkoposis yo-
vlad samRvdelo dimitris TavmjdomareobiT ...Cven aq ganvixila-
vT mxolod or sakiTxs: a) ramdenad sasargebloa qarTveli xalxis
sarwmunoebisa da zneobis ganviTarebisTvis mama-papis siwmindeTa
taZar-monastrebidan gatana da tfilisSi maTi moTavseba da b) vis
ekuTvnis dRes siZveleTsacavi da vin aris misi kanonieri gamge-
patroni? ...tfilisSi siZveleT-sacavi daarsebul iqna gansvenebulis
meistories dimitri baqraZis mier im azriT, rom qarTveli eris
saeklesio siZveleni dacul da Senaxul iqnas uSiSrad iseT adgils,
sadac maTi naxva da Seswavla advilad SeeZloT mecnierebis moyva-
rulTa... siZveleTsacavSi moTavsebul iqna wm. nawilebiani xatebi,
jvrebi da wignebi, romelTac Zvirfas ganZad Tvlis qarTveli eri.
am ers dRes Tvalebi mipyrobili aqvs tfilisisaken da elis, rodis
daabruneben iqidan Zvels nawilebians saxarebas, jvarsa da Zvel

87
xatsa... aqvs Tu ara siZveleTsacavis komitets, arsebuli wesrigis
ZaliT neba, amden xans gaaCeros siZveleTsacavSi aseTi SesaniSnavi,
erisTvis saTayvano nivTebi?! waikiTxeT meore muxli siZveleT-sa-
cavis wesdebisa, romelic damtkicebulia uwmindesi sinodis mier 24
ianvars 1889 welsa: `Zvel naSTebs Seadgenen: Zveli xelnawerebi, Zve-
lad dabeWdili wignebi da gujrebi anu aqtebi monastrebisa... iseTi
nivTebi, romelic an aRar ixmareba RvTismsaxurebaSi, an aRniSnulia
gasauqmeblad~. am muxlSi sruliad ar aris moxsenebuli iseTi nivTe-
bi, romelic xmarebaSi aris, romlis saxels dRes xalxi ficulobs...
es Zveli, Zvirfasi sarwmunoebis grZnobisTvis, nivTebi komitetma
usaTuod ukan unda daubrunos maT Tvisis sisxliT damcvel ersa,
romelic mouTmenlad elis maTs xilvas, maTs Tayvaniscemas... Cvenis
azriT, is ajobebs, rom saeklesio nivTebi daubrundes im taZrebs da
monastrebs, saidanac aris wamoRebuli da maTs adgilobriv dacvas
mieqces sastiki yuradReba sasuliero mTavrobis mier...~ (131; N 8).
imave 1903 wels dekanozi daviT RambaSiZe Jurnal `mwyemsSi~ svams
kiTxvas: `sad unda inaxebodes Cveni wmida da SesaniSnavi saeklesio ni-
vTebi~? misi pasuxi aseTia: `...sadac kanonis asrulebas aravin daeZebs
da Tavis survilisamebr iqceva, iq sadac ar sufevs pativi da krZalva
saeklesio nivTebisa da SesaniSnavi saistorio naSTebisadmi, iq sadac
piradi sargeblobisaTvis uarsa hyofen Tavis vinaobas, istorias da
TavianT saistorio naSTebs, arafers ar SeuZlia daicvas es nivTebi,
gind muzeumSi Seinaxon da gind cixeSi. suyvelas Tavi davaneboT, ma-
gram umetesad imas unda mivaqcioT yuradReba, im monastrebs da Ses-
aniSnav eklesiebs srulebiT aexdebaT is pativi da dideba, romliTac
dRes isini sargebloben am nivTebis wyalobiT da xalxzedac Zlier
cudsa da usiamovno STabeWdilebas iqoniebs es ambavi~ (131; N 15-16).

88
 II eklesiebi
naeklesiari xobis monasterTan
2009 wlis agvistoSi xobis monastris ezoSi mimdinareobda da-
zverviTi arqeologiuri samuSaoebi, romlis drosac xobelma giorgi
beraiam gvacnoba misi axlo naTesavebis dali iosavas da kaxa gergaias
ezoSi misTvis gaurkveveli da ucnobi nagebobis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
igi davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan erTad. vnaxeT sa-
kurTxevlis afsida, romlis simaRle 0.5 metri, xolo kedlis sisqe
1metri, nagebobis siganea 6 metria. aqve vnaxeT romaul-bizantiuri
xanis gverdakecili kramitis fragmentebi, samxreTis kedels aqvs
gagrZeleba, romelic Tavs iCens 0.2_0.3 metris siRrmeSi. sakurTxeve-
lze dgas damxmare xis nagebobis wina kedeli. ufro meti informaciis
mopoveba misi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Semdeg gaxdeba SesaZlebeli.
igi xobis taZridan samxreT-dasavleTiT 350 metris daSorebiT mde-
bareobs. naeklesiaris Sesaxeb araviTari informacia ar arsebobs. XIX
saukunis meore naxevarSi xobis monasterSi moRvaweobda mRvdelmo-
nazoni kalistrate CiCua. is Tavis wignSi aRniSnavs, rom xobis monas-
tris SemogarenSi araviTari Zveli nagebobis kvali ar Canso (11; 54).
1947 wels dabadebul dali SoTas asul iosavas, Tavisi bebiis,
1873 wels dabadebul nina gabeskiria-iosavasgan gaugia, rom am nae-
klesiaris Sesaxeb `ityodnen, aq iyoo pirveli monasteri~.
vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli nageboba uaRresad mniSvnelovani da sa-
yuradReboa. misi Seswavla bevr sicxades Seitans xobis monastris
istoriaSi.
koordinatebia: 0739417 4690856

naeklesiari xobis monastris mrevlis sasaflaoze

xobis taZridan samxreT dasavleTiT, 450 metris daSorebiT sasa-
flaoa, romelsac XIX saukuneSi xobis monastris mrevlis sasaflaos
uwodebdnen. sasaflaos samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi SemaRlebaa, sadac
didi xania, saflavebis Txrisas, Tavs iCens kargad damuSavebuli
kirqvis kvadrebi, romaul-bizantiuri xanis agurebi da kramitebi,
rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq albaT Sesabamis periodSi eklesia unda
mdgariyo. sofel nojixevSi mcxovreb 1958 wels dabadebul vaxtang
kitias, saflavis Txrisas aq mozaikis fragmenti unaxavs. gaTxrebis
Sedegad gamoCnda kargad damuSavebuli kirqvis kvadrebiT agebuli
kedeli (sur. 92).
koordinatebia: 0739244 4690836

89
 saSonio-TuTberiZeebis ubnis naeklesiari sofel biaSi
naeklesiari mdebareobs sakmaod didi borcvis vrceli davakebis
boloSi. igi riyis qvebiT aris agebuli. SemorCenilia CrdiloeTisa
da samxreTis kedlebi daaxloebiT sami-oTxi metris simaRlisa. nage-
boba Zlier dazianebulia da perangic Semoclili aqvs.
koordinatebia: 0741838 4694235

saWiTanos naeklesiari sofel pirvel maisSi

Wixus platos CrdiloeTiT, daaxloebiT erTi kilometris daSo-
rebiT, patara lamazi borcvia, romlis aRmosavleTi nawili CamoSli-
lia, mis wverze patara nagebobis, savaraudod eklesiis saZirkvelia
SemorCenili, romlis aRmosavleTi nawili momrgvalebulia. borcvi
dafarulia jagnari mcenareebiTa da nar-ekliT, iqve vnaxeT kirqvis
kvadrebi, romaul-bizantiuri xanis gverdakecili kramitebis fragmen-
tebi. borcvs CrdiloeTiT uvlis gza, romlis gaRma zurab qandarias
karmidamoa. nagebobis nawili am gzis gayvanis dros unda dangreuliyo.
naSalSi saZirkvlis qvemoT, SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis mcire fragmente-
bi da baTqaSebi. adgilobrivi mkvidris, 1920 wels dabadebuli valiko
aleqsandres Ze WiTanavas cnobiT am adgils adre `naoxvamus~ eZaxdnen.
koordinatebia: 0737745 4692081

zemo biis wm. mTavarangelozTa saxelobis eklesia

qvis taZari maRal, lamaz borcvze (zRvis donidan 206 m. ) mdeba-
reobs, romlis ferdobebi farTofoTlovani xeebiTaa daburuli. am
mTas adgilobrivebi `oxvameferds~ eZaxian. aqedan mowmendil amindSi
Savi zRva, urTis, saxarbediosa da ekis mTis masivebi moCans. fer-
dobis samxreTiT gamodis ankara civi wyaro, romelsac `RarRulas~
eZaxian. sofeli bia am eklesiis garSemo mdebareobda, XIX saukunis
70-80-ian wlebSi mosaxleobam sacxovreblad bars, xobiswylis sanaxebs
miaSura. amJamad aq ramdenime ojaxiRaa darCenili. zemo bia nojixevis
centralur saavtomobilo Sida gzidan daaxloebiT 2 kilometriTaa
daSorebuli (sur. 64).
taZris Senobis sigrZe _ 13, sigane _ 7 metria, kedlis sisqe _
70 santimetri. marTalia, igi ar aris Semkuli CuqurTmebiT, magram
arqiteqtors iseTi proporciebi SeurCevia, rom taZari rogorc Sig-
nidan, aseve garedan Zalian lamazia. is ufro Zveli da didi taZris
adgilzea aSenebuli, rasac mowmobs is, rom nagebobis sakurTxevlis
kedeli Zvelzea daSenebuli, Zveli ki, ufro farToa da TiTqmis erTi
metriT scdeba Tanamedrove kedels. taZarSi aSkarad SeimCneva ram-
denime samSeneblo fena. rogorc Cans, sarestavracio samuSaoebisas

90
sxvadasxva dros gamouyenebiaT qviSaqvebi, kirqvis kvadrebi, riyis
qva, qarTuli aguri.
sakurTxevels garedan xuTkuTxedis forma aqvs, romelSic sami
sarkmelia Catanebuli. samxreTiT da CrdiloeTiT or-ori sarkmeli
aqvs, erTi _ ki, dasavleTiT. sarkmlebi moCarCoebulia lamazad gaT-
lili kirqvebiT. taZars sami kari aqvs: CrdiloeTiT, samxreTiT da
dasavleTiT. karebis Tavebi damSvenebulia lamazad gaTlili kirqvis
cru TaRebiT. am TaRebis SuaSi Casmulia kirqvis kvadrebi, romle-
bzec amoWrilia jvris gamosaxulebani. dasavleTis sarkmlis orive
mxares ramdenime kvadrisagan Semdgari marTkuTxedia, romlebzedac
jvaria gamosaxuli. samxreT da CrdiloeTis kedlebs Signidan aqvs
dekoratiuli sam-sami cru TaRi. sakurTxeveli ZiriTadi sivrcisagan
gamoyofilia odnav nalisebri rkaliT, sakurTxevlis orive mxares
cru TaRiT SemosazRvruli Seweuli moculobaa, romelic albaT sa-
diakvnesa da samkveTlos funqciebs asrulebda. iataki mokirwyluli
yofila erTnairi zomis gaTlili kvadrebiT, romelic Zlier iyo
dazianebuli. Zmebis daTo da gigla iosavebis materialuri Semweo-
biT taZarSi daigo axali kirqvis iataki. sakurTxevlis win, marcxniv,
SeiniSneba saflavis qvis naSTi. adgilobriv mcxovrebTa gadmocemiT,
eklesiis samxreT-dasavleT kuTxeSi saZvalea. CrdiloeTis karis
xelmarjvniv Catanebulia warwerebiani qvis lodi zomiT 48 X 23 sm.
warwera lamazi mxedruli asoebiT aris Sesrulebuli, sul samstri-
qoniania, meoTxe striqoni ki Zalian uxeSad aris Sesrulebuli, sadac
orjer mkrTalad meordeba: `ese saydar, ese saydar aSenda~, Semdeg ki
garkveviT weria: `ese saydari aSenda~, qveviT ki _ Cymz welsa, anu 1847
wels. es ar aris taZris aSenebis sawyisi TariRi, unda vivaraudoT,
rom am dros nageboba safuZvlianad SekeTda. taZars ara aqvs kankeli.
Weris sayrdeni TaRis qvebis nawili dafarulia lurji, ufro muqi
iisferi freskuli saRebaviT. etyoba erT dros igi moxatuli yofila.
aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi eklesia mouvleli iyo, saxuravi xe-
mcenareebiT daifara da Caingra. bolo wlebSi warmoSobiT bielebis,
amJamad TbilisSi mcxovrebi Zmebis, vaJa da genad Raduebis materia-
luri SemweobiT bielma ostatma paata TuTberiZem ZmebTan, edvard
da guram RaduebTan erTad, Caatara rigi samuSaoebi. amJamad taZari
gadaxurulia, Casmulia xis karebi. taZris gadaxurvaSi monawileob-
da miiRo senakeli xelosani zurab Waava, SromiT procesSi aqtiuri
monawileobdnen: vaJa, koba, Salva, tariel, Tamaz iosavebi, agreTve
qvemo biisa da nojixevis mcxovreblebi.
sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde am eklesiasTan mariamobis
momdevno kviras, imarTeboda dResaswauli, romelic `malanuro-
bis~ saxelwodebiT aris cnobili. am dResaswaulze uamravi xalxi

91
ikribeboda, sagangebod SearCevdnen ucolo axalgazrdebisagan 12
malanurs, dResaswaulis daskvniT etapze isini orad iyofdnen da
eklesiis win dadebul grZel Woks _ `kvakvs~, orive mxares Caavlebd-
nen xels da cdilobdnen, TavianT mxares gadaezidaT, xalxs miaCnda,
rom romeli mxarec gaimarjvebda, im mxares didi mosavali iqneboda.
am dResaswaulis warmoSobis Sesaxeb aravin araferi icis (16; 109.
137. 147).
1943 wels taZari dauTvalierebiaT xobis monasterSi myof sa-
mecniero eqspediciis wevrebs: v. beriZes, n. severovs, r. Smerlings,
v. cincaZes, l. rCeuliSvils, T. virsalaZes (132; 304).
koordinatebia: 0743019 4691570

zemo qvalonis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia

soflis sasaflaos centrSi dgas sakmaod didi zomisa wminda
giorgis eklesiis kedlebi, misi sigrZe _ 18, sigane _ 12 metria, kedlis
sisqe ki erT metramde aRwevs. xalxi eklesias `Ceoxvames~ eZaxis, rac
TeTr salocavs niSnavs. Senobas aqvs Sverili sakurTxeveli, samkveT-
losa da sadiakvneSi patara niSebia, taZars aqvs sami kari da Svidi
sarkmeli, romlebic marTkuTxa agurebiT lamazadaa moCarCoebuli,
CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis kedlebs aqvs agurebiT gamoyvanili sam-
sami dekoratiuli TaRi da naxevarsveti. Weri oTx svets eyrdnoboda.
taZari aSenebulia mozrdili riyis qviTa da fleTili kirqvebiT,
kirqvis kvadrebi ki mxolod kuTxeebis amosayvanadaa gamoyenebuli.
nageboba me-19 saukuneSi, an me-20 saukunis damdegs ufro Zveli
taZris adgilze unda iyos aSenebuli. adgilobrivi mkvidris, darejan
xoWolavas ganmartebiT, romlis winapari, ivane am taZris mRvdeli
iyo, eklesia saxarbedios mTidan motanili kirqvis yofila aSenebuli,
TiTqos sofel menjamde Camwkrivebul xalxs xeliT erTmaneTisTvis
gadawodebiT mouzidia saWiro masala, manve aRniSna, rom moxucebis
gadmocemiT, taZarTan aRdgomis Semdgom orSabaTs imarTeboda `qen-
jerobis~ dResaswauli. adgilobriv mkvidr iuri nestoris Ze abSila-
vas Tavisi babuis, aleqsandre vatas Ze faCuliasagan, gaugia, rom zemo
qvalonis taZari TeTri giorgis saxelobisa iyo, xolo sasaflaoze
xuTSabaTs wyalSi damxrCvalis mets ar asaflavebdneno.
taZris SigniT, sakurTxevlis win, marcxena mxares, devs 1860
wels gardacvlili yuleveli vaWris uCardia alanovis (alania) mar-
marilos saflavis qva, romelic dazianebulia. lodi Semkulia Cu-
qurTmebiT: vazis foTolwnulebiTa da yurZnis mtevnebiT, zeviT
gamosaxulia jvari, romelic or angelozs uWiravs. am saflavsa da
CrdiloeTis kedels Soris devs kirqvisagan gamoTlili saflavis

92
lodi, romelic ekuTvnis mRvdel oqropir xoWolavas qaliSvils
sofios; igi 1849 wels gardacvlila. eklesiis SigniT, Crdilo-da-
savleTiT, sami uwarwero betonis saflavis lodia dadebuli.
1923 wels sabWoTa xelisuflebam eklesia daxura. pedagog raisa
(denuCka) loluas cnobiT taZars komkavSirlebi `sapatimrod~ iyenebd-
nen, Semdeg ki klubi gauxsniaT. amJamad mimdinareobs Senobis aRdgena.
koordinatebia: 0745395 4688867

naeklesiari Zvel xibulaSi

Zveli xibulis cixidan Crdilo-dasavleTiT, erTi kilometris
daSorebiT saintereso Zegli aRmoCnda, romlis Sesaxeb informacia
mogvawoda Zveli xibulis skolis pedagogma Temur jakoniam. adgilze
misulebs dagvxvda Zlier dangreuli nageboba. igi mdebareobs so-
flis centris CrdiloeTiT, borcvis davakebaze, erTi km-is daSore-
biT. Senoba aqamde ucnobi eklesiaa, romelic Zlier dazianebulia.
kedlebis fragmentebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba garSemowerilobis gansa-
zRvra. misi zomebia: sigrZe _ 6.60 m. sakurTxevlis CaTvliT _ 9.10 m.
sigane _ 11 m.
maRlobze mimofantulia sakmaod maRalmxatvrulad Sesrulebu-
li CuqurTmiani lodebi, samSeneblo detalebi. ferdobze SeiniSneba
galavnis naSTebi. nagebobis irgvliv SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi (sur. 65).
naeklesiaris CrdiloeT nawilSi ormoa, romelic amovsebulia
samSeneblo narCenebiT. SesaZloa aq akldama iyos. naeklesiaris sa-
mxreTiT, ociode metris daSorebiT, naSalSi, SevniSneT kolxeTSi
Cvens eramde arsebuli xelovnuri miwayriliani namosaxlarebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli baTqaSebis fragmentebi. adgilobrivi mcxovrebis
gulver jakonias cnobiT am maRlobs `naoxvamus~ eZaxdnen. SesaZloa es
iyos `biWvintis iadgarSi~ (1525 _ 1550) naxsenebi `...xibula monasteri
mTavarangelozisa~ (34; 179). iqneb am naeklesiars gulisxmobs kasteli:
`samegrelos sofel xibulas mTaze eklesiaa, Sig marTlmadidebluri
mxatvrobis umSvenieresi reliefuri vercxlis xatebia~ (87; 174).
koordinatebia: 0744425 4704272

saqanTario `oxvame~
Zvel xibulaSi, saqanTarios ubnis sasaflaoze, marjvniv patara
SemaRlebaa, romlis irgvliv SeiniSneba nagebobis, SesaZloa, eklesiis
kedlis naSTi. sasaflaos irgvliv miwebi mTlianad ixvneba, sadac
SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0745686 4705156

93
 jegeTas wm. giorgis saxelobis arqiteqturuli kompleqsi
jegeTas arqiteqturuli kompleqsi mdebareobs xobis municipa-
litetis sofel xeTaSi, urTas mTa-borcvebis yvelaze maRal mwver-
valze, romelsac `jegeTa~-s uwodeben (zRvis donidan 464 metrze).
igi mdebareobs senaki-zugdidis saavtomobilo gzis marjvena mxares,
pirdapiri xaziT erTi kilometris manZilze, misasvleli gzis sigrZe
4 km-ia da iwyeba xamiskuris administraciul centrTan.
kompleqsis Sesaxeb istoriuli wyaroebi mwiria, arc is viciT ra
funqciis matarebeli iyo salocavi: monasteri, samrevlo eklesia, Tu
cixe-simagris eklesia. etyoba bunebrivma kataklizmebma da gvian Sua
saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebulma mZime politikurma
da ekonomikurma viTarebam jegeTa gaaukacriela.
i. yifSiZis ganmartebiT `jege~ wmindas niSnavs (133; 76-77). pro-
fesor paata cxadaias mixedviT jegeTa wminda mTas, am SemTxvevaSi
wm. giorgis mTas niSnavs (89; 228). s. makalaTia `jegeTas~ jege-misaris
salocavs uwodebs, romelic qristianobis damyarebis Semdeg wm.
giorgim Secvala (134; 368).
XIX saukuneSi jegeTas wm. giorgis xati sofel xamiskurSi nawa-
rus (sakukaos) wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi yofila dasvenebuli,
Tumca xalxi arasodes ar iviwyebda Tavis salocavs da 23 aprils,
giorgobas, sasuliero pirebTan erTad adioda `jegeTas~ mTaze. win
miuZRodaT wm. giorgis xati, romelic kukavas gvaris warmomadgenels
eWira xelSi, radgan am gvaris xalxis valdebuleba iyo, jegeTas sa-
locavis msaxureba da mnaTeoba. 1898 wlis 12 noembers gazeTi `cnobis
furceli~ mkiTxvels mouTxrobda: `sofeli xeTa. erTi ZvelTagan
Zveli eklesiis gamo~ (16; 103). 23 aprils giorgobis dResaswaulze
ramdenime aTasi kaci ikribeboda samegrelodan, afxazeTidan, gurii-
dan, imereTidan, mohqondaT Sesawiri, gansakuTrebiT didi raodeno-
biT grovdeboda rkinis Subebi _ `borZalebi~ xalxs miaCnda, rom Tu
bevri borZali Segrovdeboda, im weliwads uxvi mosavali movidoda.
RamisTeviT sruldeboda locvebi, diliT ki, xalxi mTidan daeSvebo-
da dabla da `sakvarosa~ da `mojikis~ mindorSi agrZelebdnen zeims.
Tedo saxokia werda: `...jegeTis mTaze asvla da erTi kilometris
radiusSi Sesvla yvela mokvdavs ekrZaleboda, asvla SeiZleboda mxo-
lod 23 aprils, giorgobas, `jegeTas~ mTaze xes ar moWridnen...~(135;
63). Tedos mama timoTe saxokia da dedis Zma daviT kukava im eklesia-
Si msaxurobdnen mRvdlebad, sadac `jegeTas~ wm. giorgis xati iyo
dasvenebuli (16; 103).
jegeTas wm. giorgis vercxlis xati inaxeba zugdidis muzeumSi.
parmen zaqaraias cnobiT iqvea daculi jegeTas salocavidan waRe-
buli ramdenime borZali. taZris dasavleTis kars zemoT yofila

94
Cadgmuli warwerebiani qva, romlis zomebia 70 X 105 sm. (daculia
zugdidis muzeumSi). p. zaqaraias mixedviT, warwera ase ikiTxeba: `aha
esera zedamxedvelman da ganmgebelman yovelTaman wyaloba misi risx-
vad Sedcvala da moavlin(a) Zvra saSineli sruliad erTs weliwadsa.
daiqca saydari caiSisa da esec, da mravaln(i) saydarni da Senobani.
Cven qristes mier kurTxe[u]lman caiSel-jumaTel mamamTavarman gu-
rielis Svilman, patronman malaqia mivyavi xeli aRSenebad saydarsa
amas da (a)RvaSeneT brZanebiT(a) dadianisa, patronisa leonisiTa, da
biZis misisa lipartianisa patronisa giorgisasa da meabjreT [u]xuce-
sobisa merab da kacia[i]sasa...~ (133; 83). irkveva, rom taZari miwisZvris
Sedegad XVII saukunis 10-ian wlebSi dangreula, Cvenamde moRweuli
samlocvelo ki, levan II dadianis brZanebiT caiSel-jumaTel malaqia
guriels augia. dRes arsebuli samlocvelos adgilas didi eklesia
mdgara, amas adasturebs irgvliv mimofantuli Tlili kvadrebi,
kedlebsa da iatakSi usistemod Catanebuli karnizis Tlili qvebi
da samlocvelos dasavleTiT ferdobze arsebuli rvawaxnaga svetis
nawili, romlis sigrZe 1.10 sm-ia. diametri 50 sm. iqve devs svetisTa-
vi, romlis zomebia 70 X 60 X 30 sm. (sur. 69. 70.).
jegeTas kompleqsi Sedgeba eklesiis, palatis, galavnisa da
gaurkveveli daniSnulebis nagebobaTa naSTebisagan (sur. 66. 67.).
taZari zomiT pataraa 3.60 X 7.30, kedlis sisqe 70 sm-ia, sakur-
Txevlis marcxena mxares patara niSia. igi nagebia fleTili da da-
muSavebuli kirqviT, Tanac moxatuli yofila. misi saxuravi da da-
savleTis kedeli mTlianad Camongreulia. parmen zaqaraias mixedviT,
aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis fasadze yofila reliefuri gamosaxu-
lebani _ cxvris, aRmosavlurad fexmorTxmuli kacisa, romelic Con-
gurze, Tu Tarze ukravs. dReisaTvis reliefebi ar Cans (133; 71-86).
samlocvelos irgvliv parmen zaqaraias galavnis naSTebi SeumCnevia,
mis mier Sedgenili situaciuri gegmis mixedviT galavnis zomebia
daaxloebiT 17.5 X 12.5 metri (133; 72).
eklesiidan 20 metris daSorebiT, Crdilo-dasavleTiT, dgas or-
senakiani nageboba, romelsac pirobiTad palats uwodeben. nagebobis
meore sarTuli dangreulia, igi Zlier dazianebulia. misi zomebia 7
X 8 m. marjvena senaki eyrdnoba naxevarwriul TaRs, xolo marcxena _
Seisruls. nagebia sakmaod didi zomis kirqvis kvadrebiT. kedlis sis-
qe erTi metria. nagebobis Tavdapirveli daniSnuleba, aseve misi aSene-
bis droc ucnobia, Tumca samSeneblo wyobis mixedviT, is gacilebiT
adre unda iyos aSenebuli, vidre eklesia. palatis marjvena nawili
sanaxevrod miwiT aris dafaruli, rac, SesaZloa XVII saukunis 10-iani
wlebis miwisZvris Sedegi iyos. `jegeTas~ wm. giorgis eklesiidan da-
axloebiT 100 metrSi, aRmosavleTiT, mSrali wyobis fleTili kirqviT

95
naSeni yore-kedelia, romlis, romlis sigrZe 150 metrs aRwevs, siga-
ne _ 80 sm-ia, misi simaRle ki, 50-dan 1.50 sm-mde meryeobs (sur. 68.).
SuaSi karibWea, romelic kargad aris gamokveTili ori didi lodiT.
igi moqceulia am koordinatebs Soris: samxreTiT 0733628 _ 4697348;
CrdiloeTiT 0733630_4697479. CrdiloeTi wertilidan, garkveul
monakveTze, dasavleTiT mimavali kedeli waSlilia, igi Tavs iCens
salocavidan Crdilo-dasavleTiT ferdobze. kedels hkveTs saurme
gza (koordinatebia 0733399 _ 4697477), Semdgomi monakveTi Zlier
dazianebulia, magram Cans igi didi, erT metramde zomis nawilobriv
damuSavebuli lodebiT yofila aSenebuli. Semdgom ferdobze kede-
li kvlav ikargeba da Tavs iCens qvemoT, RelesTan (koordinatebia
0733255 _ 4697647). aqvea binuli wyaro _ `wyu~. dasavleTis kedlis Cr-
diloeT wertilsa da wyarosTan arsebul wertils Soris manZili 400
metrs aWarbebs, unda vifiqroT, odesRac aq Zalian didi teritoria
yofila SemozRuduli. Cveni azriT yoreebi ar unda ukavSirdebodes
dRes arsebul wm. giorgis salocavs, Tumca jer-jerobiT Znelia misi
agebis drois, daniSnulebisa da funqciis gansazRvra. yore-galavnis
gareTac da SigniTac fiqsirdeba qvayrilebi, romlebic aseve udu-
Rabod naSen nagebobaTa naSTebi unda iyos.
taZridan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, aTiode metris daSorebiT. gamo-
kveTilad SeiniSneba uduRabod naSeni oTxkuTxa nagebobis nangrevebi.
taZris irgvliv mRvimeebia, maT Soris, erTi _ samlocvelodan
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT 60-70 metris daSorebiT, meore _ dasavleTiT,
50 metris daSorebiT, samxreTiT ki _ 70 metris manZilze kldeSi
patara, xelovnuri gamoqvabulia gamoWrili, mas paata cxadaias mixe-
dviT `beriS miTnaxuna _ beris sadgomi qvia (136; 283) (koordinatebia:
0733530 4697338).
2013 wels urTas mTaze arsebuli, maT Soris _ jegeTas mRvimeebi
daaTvaliera speleologebis jgufma elguja jamriSvilis xelmZR-
vanelobiT.
jegeTas salocavis Sesaxeb niko maris mier Cawerili xalxuri
gadmocemiT aq eklesiaSi wm. giorgis Subi inaxeboda. 1911 wlis 31
marts `saxalxo gazeTSi~ mweralsa da pedagogs jaju jorjikias
jegeTas salocavze gamouqveynebia werili saTauriT: `qvis qali sa-
megreloSi~, avtori SeniSnavs, rom eklesiaSi daculi Subis pirebi
`formiT, xelobiT TaTrebis datovebulia samegreloSi~, mas aq una-
xavs didi rkinis mSvildi, romelSic mlocvelebs atarebdnen, xalxs
swamda, rom vinc mSvildSi gaivlida is codvebisgan iwmindebao. masve
Cauweria `gadmocema qvis qalze~, romlis mixedviTac ymawvil qal-vaJs
erTmaneTi hyvarebiaT, vaJi daRupula, mwuxarebis gamo qali gaqvave-
bula. werilis dasasruls saintereso kiTxvaa dasmuli: `T. saxokiam

96
ori dRe eZeba `qvis qali~ da ver ipovao. Cvenc bedi vcadeT, magram
veraferi vnaxeT... osmalTa basri Subebis aq yofna, xom ar aris mizezi
`elinuri~ qandakebis gadakargvisa~ (16; 152).
mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebulia Tqmuleba, rom jegeTis mimdebared
zRva idga, mTaze, rkinis paloze, jaWvia gamobmuli, sadac Zvelad
gemebs abamdneno.
xobis monastris winamZRvari, arqimandriti aleqsi mircxulava
1933 wlis 21 oqtombriT daTariRebul werilSi samegrelos muzeu-
mis direqtor akaki Wanturiasadmi, jegeTas udabnos `Zveli berebis
namyofs~ uwodebs (113; 557).
jegeTas arqiteqturuli kompleqsi Cveni istoriisaTvis metad
Rirebul kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtia. igi Zlier aris dazia-
nebuli. saWiroa misi Seswavla, Casatarebelia misi gadarCenisaTvis
aucilebeli samuSaoebi. 2011 wels qarTvelma jariskacebma zaza
jafariZis TavkacobiTa da adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis mxardaWeriT
eklesia Cardaxulad gadaxures.
2012 wels Zegli daaTvalieres arqeologebma revaz da nana pa-
puaSvilebma. maT mier Sedgenil saangariSo daskvnaSi weria: `galavnis
Sida sivrceSi SeiniSneba keramikis mcire usaxuri fragmentebi da
patara qvayriliani SemaRlebebi (savaraudod mcire zomis nagebobaTa
naSTebi). Tixis WurWlis zogierTi fragmenti kecis mixedviT sakmaod
arqaulad gamoiyureba da SeiZleba winare antikuri xanisac iyos.
Zeglis qronologiis gansazRvrisaTvis saWiroa mciremasStabiani
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Catareba da stratigrafiis gansazRvra~.
koordinatebia: taZari 0733527 4697403 palati 0733511 4697409

xeTas wm. kvirikes eklesia

sofel xeTaSi, xamiskuris sazRvarTan, soflis centridan ori ki-
lometris manZilze, `dixaguZubismagvar~ patara borcvze, urTas mTis
samxreT ferdobze, saqirios ubanSi, Rele fSxerulis marjvena mxares
dgas lamazi eklesia. aw gansvenebuli istorikosi xariton gadelias
cnobiT, am ferdobs xalxi `oxvameferds~, xolo eklesias _ `Ceoxva-
mes~ uwodebs. misi sigrZe _ 9, sigane _ 6.60, kedlis sisqe ki _ 0.80-0.90
metria. Senoba agebulia adgilobrivi kirqvis kvadrebiT. kedlis zeda
ramdenime rigi, agreTve Weri gviandeli danaSenia. nagebobas dekora-
tiuli morTuloba ar gaaCnia, eklesias aqvs ori kari: dasavleTiT da
samxreTiT, _ sami sarkmeli. sakurTxevelSi ori niSia da sami qvevri
rezonatori. nageboba mTlianad dafarulia mcenareebiT, romlis
fesvebs kedlebi bevrgan gaubzaravs, gansakuTrebiT _ dasavleTisa da
CrdiloeTisa; patara biZgic ki sakmarisia, rom waiqces (sur. 71. 72).

97
 am ek­le­si­as­Tan ax­los, sa­av­to­mo­bi­lo gzas­Tan, mde­ba­re­obs xe­Tis
ci­xe.
zogierTi adgilobrivi mcxovrebis mtkicebiT, eklesia wm. gior-
gis saxelobisaa, istorikos xariton gadelias cnobiT, vidre xamis-
kurSi `nalangeris~ sasaflaoze eklesia gaixsneboda, `Ceoxvame~ iyo
erTaderTi moqmedi eklesia saqirios ubanSi, sadac mRvdeli oqropir
qiria msaxurobda. aqve yofila sasaflaoc, Semdgom igi miutovebiaT.
CvenTvis cnobilia, rom `nalangeris~ eklesiaSi, romelic sabWoTa
xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg daangries, msaxurobdnen mRvdelni
Tevdore da oqropir qiriebi. caiSis monastris istoriis mkvlevar
zaur jalaRonias mixedviT, romelic 1899 wlis caiSis olqis mTavar-
xucesis zedamxedvelobaSi myof taZrebSi msaxur sasuliero pirTa
Sesaxeb monacemebs eyrdnoba, is eklesia, sadac zemoT aRniSnuli mR-
vdelni eweodnen mRvdelTmsaxurebas, xeTis meore mTavarangelozis
eklesiis saxeliTaa moxseniebuli. amave monacemebiT, am eklesiaze
miwerilia wm. kvirikes saxelobis eklesia, zemoT aRniSnul mTavaran-
gelozis eklesiis siaxloves mxolod `Ceoxvame~ dgas, amitomac CvenT-
vis saintereso taZari wm. kvirikes saxelobisa unda iyos (137; 52).
istorikosebs _ xariton kakulias da xariton gadelias, Tavis
droze erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad, waukiTxavT taZris samxreT
kedelSi Catanebuli warwerebiani qva, romelic amJamad dakargulia.
maT mier gaSifruli TariRebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. rogorc Tvi-
Ton weren, qva Semdgom Camovardnila da damsxvreula. igi zomiT 50
X 30 santimetri yofila. xariton kakulias mier wakiTxul teqstSi
moxseniebulni arian: gerasime mRvdelmonazoni, romelsac unaxavs
`darRveuli da garyvnili~ eklesia, samegrelos mTavari grigol
dadiani, leon dadiani, batoniSvili nikolai, albaT `didi niko~
dadiani, caiSeli mitropoliti grigol Ciqovani; taZris aRdgenas
gerasime mRvdelmonazoni xelmZRvanelobda. es, warweris Sinaarsi-
dan gamomdinare, 1804 wlamde, samegrelos mTavar grigol dadianis
gardacvalebamde unda momxdariyo.
XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi taZari unaxavs rafiel erisTavs, mas
gzidan SeumCnevia TeTri qvis eklesia, romelic zeTisxilis xeebSi
yofila Cafluli. igi aRniSnavs, rom adre aq, zafxulobiT caiSis
episkoposebi cxovrobdneno (49; 11).
eklesiidan daaxloebiT 150 metris daSorebiT, qvemoT adgilo-
brivma mcxovrebma daviT kankiam Tavis nakveTSi miwis samuSaoebis Ses-
rulebisas qvajvari, qvevrebi, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi aRmoaCina,
ris Sesaxebac acnoba raionis kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis samsaxurs.
2006 wlis 8 agvistos nakveTi davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaS-
vilTan erTad. aRniSnuli nakveTi ferdobis dasawyisSi mdebareobs.

98
igi sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi dauterasebiaT. SesasvlelTan
qvevrebi yofila Camarxuli, romelTa diametri SuawelSi daaxloebiT
70-sm-ia; aqedan zeviT, daaxloebiT 20 metrSi aRmoCenilia lamazad
gaTlili oTxkuTxa qva, romelzedac qvis jvari yofila dadebuli.
aqve iyo sxvadasxva Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. qva kvadratuli for-
misaa, misi gverdi 30-sm-ia, jvris simaRle _ 30, sigane _ 21, sisqe _ 7
sm-ia. kidev ufro zeviT, 10-ode metrSi, patara vake adgilia, sadac
daaxloebiT 20 kv. metris farTobze 20 sm. sisqis gamomwvari Tixis
fenaa, romelic damwvari xis Senobis iataki unda iyos, aqve mravlad
aris mimofantuli Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. eklesiasTan axlos
revaz papuaSvilma ipova specifikuri Tixis WurWelis yuri, rac mia-
niSnebs, rom am midamoebSi Zveli kolxuri (Zv. w. aR. I aTaswleulis
pirveli naxevari) namosaxlari unda iyos; vfiqrobT, saqirios ubani
uZvelesi droidan iyo dasaxlebuli.
taZari da misi Semogareni daaTvaliera arqeologma daviT lo-
mitaSvilma, romelmac aq taZarSi antefiqsi ipova (sur. 73). sain-
teresoa, rom ori mecnieris azri am Zeglebis daTariRebis Sesaxeb
erTmaneTs daemTxva, r. papuaSvilma da d. lomitaSvilma eklesiis
pirveladi samSeneblo fenebi adre qristianuli xaniT daaTariRes.
`Ceoxvame~ mniSvnelovani Zeglia, igi mecnierebisa da sazoga-
doebisagan yuradRebas moiTxovs.
koordinatebia: 0732558 4695836

xeTas wm. Tevdores saxelobis eklesia

eklesia mdebareobs sofel xeTis `korcxos~ ubanSi (zRvis do-
nidan 107 m.), sadac ZiriTadad kutaliebis gvaris warmomadgenlebi
cxovroben. misi sigrZe 8.30 metria, sigane 5.60 metri, kedlis sisqe
0.87 _ 0.90 metri. taZari adgilobrivi kirqvis kvadrebiTaa agebuli.
mas dasavleTiT da samxreTiT aqvs ori kari, samxreTiT, dasavleTiT
da aRmosavleTiT _ sami sarkmeli; dekoratiuli Semkuloba, Tu ar
CavTvliT sarkmlebis moCarCoebas, ara gaaCnia (sur. 74).
eklesia xe-mcenareebiTaa dafaruli, romlis fesvebs bevrgan
kedlebi da Weri gaubzaravs. es gamxdara mizezi imisa, dasavleTis
sarkmlis qvis CarCo, Sig Catanebuli jvris gamosaxulebiani qvis
kvadri da asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli warwerebiani lodi Camo-
vardnila. warwerebiani qva Catanebulia samxreT kedelSi kars zemoT.
warweridan vigebT, rom taZari mRvdel markoz kutalias wm. Tevdo-
res saxelze caiSeli mitripolit grigol Ciqovanis (1776-1823ww.)
brZanebiTa da SewevniT 1820 wels augia. mas kalatozebiT niko-
loz dadiani daxmarebia. ZiriTadi warweris qvemoT minaweri ufro

99
patara asoebiT aris Sesrulebuli, sadac eklesiis Senebis inicia-
torad kvlav grigol caiSelia dasaxelebuli, mSeneblad _ mRvdeli
markoz kutalia da misi saxlikacebi, muSaobaSi monawileoba miuRiaT
meunargiebsa da koduebs.
samxreTis kedlis warweraSi ki, `galatozebi~ miqelia xecuriani
da misi Zmiswulebi, taZris mxilvelT auwyeben, rom rogorc SeeZloT
iRvawes eklesiis SenebisaTvis da `Sendobis warTqmas~ iTxoven (sur. 75).
taZris irgvliv ubnis sasaflaoa.
koordinatebia: 0733962 4694993

xeTas wm. miqael da gabriel mTavarangelozTa eklesia

taZari mdebareobs sofel xeTaSi, maRal gorakze (zRvis donidan
91 m.), senaki-zugdidis avtomagistralis marjvena mxares, am adgils
`oxvamekarsac~ eZaxian. eklesia sakmaod didia, sigrZe _ 17, xolo siga-
ne _ 10.50 m-ia. aSenebulia adgilobrivi kirqviT, kuTxeebi amoyvanilia
kargad gaTlili marTkuTxa kvadrebiT, kedlebi ki, fleTili kirqviT.
taZars aqvs sami kari _ dasavleTiT, samxreTiTa da CrdiloeTiT,
karebi kirqvis lamazad gaTlili qvebiT aris moCuqurTmebuli da
aqvs dekoratiuli TaRebi. darbazi naTdeba 7 sarkmliT: or-ori Cr-
diloeT da samxreT mxares, sami _ aRmosavleTiT, sarkmlebic karebis
msgavsad moCarCoebulia da dekoratiuli TaRiT aris damSvenebuli.
saxuravi SemosazRvrulia sada, magram sakmaod lamazad gaTlili
kirqvis karniziT (sur. 76).
nagebobas dasavleTiT miSenebuli aqvs naxevarwriuli TaRebiani
oTxkuTxa svetebze dayrdnobili orsarTuliani samreklo, rome-
lic frontoniT gvirgvindeba. masze kirqviT jvris gamosaxulebaa
amoyvanili, romelzedac ki, 1885 weli weria, rac am taZris aSenebis
TariRze migviTiTebs. paata cxadaias mixedviT am wels eklesia aSe-
nebula iona meunargiasa da ipolite varTagavas TaosnobiT (136; 275).
svetebi, rogorc pirvel, aseve meore sarTulze Tavdeba Zabrisebri,
oTxkuTxa horizontaluri WrilebiT damSvenebuli svetisTavebiT.
Weri Signidan eyrdnoba orive mxares sam-sam oTxkuTxa svetebze
dadgmul TaRebs.
taZars raime gansakuTrebuli dekoratiuli morTuloba ara aqvs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, taZari 1885 wlis augiT, magram aq samlocvelo ma-
namdec arsebobda. 1898 wlis gazeT `cnobis furcelSi~ avtori wers,
rom am eklesiis aSenebamde aq odnav ufro naklebi sididis ZvelTa-
Zveli eklesia mdgara (16; 92); XVII saukunis cnobili frangi mogzauri
Jan Sardeni aRniSnavda, rom adamianebs `yvelaze metad eridebodaT
sofel xeTas... ojaxis mTavarangelozad wodebul wm. giorgis xati-
sa~... marTalia, Sardens ori salocavi erTmaneTSi aqvs areuli, magram

100
cxadia, aq unda vigulisxmoT is, rom xeTis TemSi arsebuli wm. mTava-
rangelozTa da jegeTis wm. giorgis salocavebs xalxi Zveladac da
axlac udidesi krZalviTa da ridiT epyroba (52; 154); am eklesiasTan
aRdgomis Semdgom axalkviris momdevno orSabaTs aTasobiT adamiani
ikribeba sadResaswaulod. xalxi Camodis ara marto samegrelodan,
aramed sxva kuTxeebidanac, am dRes `miqangariobas~ eZaxian.
`miqangarios~ _ wm. miqael da gabriel mTavarangelozebs Sinauri
pirutyvis gamravlebas SesTxoven. am dRes qristianuli kalendriT
raime gansakuTrebuli dResaswauli ar aRiniSneba da igi udavod
warmarTuli xanis gadmonaSTia. `miqangariobis~ dResaswaulis gasa-
Rebad SeiZleba CavTvaloT brinjaos grifoni, romelic 2007 wlis
maisSi, taZridan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT ociode metrSi aRmoCnda
sofel xeTis gamgeblis, avtokatastrofaSi daRupul gela Sanavas
saflavis gaWris dros. qandakebis simaRle 12 santimetria, mas aqvs
lomis Tavi, frinvelis tani da niskarti, didi gaziduli Tvalebi.
Cveni varaudiT igi miTras kultis gavlenis damadasturebelia. miTra
mzis, naTlis, sikeTis RvTaebaa, romelic iTvleboda agreTve ojaxis,
meomrebis, naxiris, janmrTelobis mfarvel RvTaebad. miTras kulti
sxvadasxva formiT mTel msoflioSi iyo gavrcelebuli, CvenSi mas
`mirsas-misarons~ uwodebdnen. samegreloSi mirsa Tvalis salocavia,
mas Tvalis sisaRes SesTxovdnen. xeTis grifonis yvelaze TvalsaCino
detali Tvalia da is, rom igi swored wm. mTavarangelozTa saxelobis
taZarTan aRmoCnda, SesaZloa, `miqangariobis~ fesvebi winaqristianul
xanaSi iRebdes saTaves da mirsas-misaronis kults ukavSirdebodes.
savaraudod grifoni mirsas-misaronis salocavis mTavari kultm-
saxuris taxtis samSvenisi iyos (sur. 90).
qalbaton lili beraias mier gamoqveynebuli zugdidis muzeumSi
daculi xatebis aRwerilobis da warwerebis mixedviT, xeTis miqael da
gabriel mTavarangelozebis xatis warweraSi moxseniebulia mRvdeli
giorgi kobaxiZe, romelic im eklesiaSi msaxurobda, romelsac xalxi
`miqangarios~ uwodebs. xati Weduria, mooqrouli vercxlisa, zomiT:
34 X 28 sm. centrSi warmodgenilia miqael da gabriel mTavarangelo-
zebis gamosaxulebani sruli taniT, marcxniv mdidrul tansacmelSi,
gaSlili grZeli frTebiT miqaeli mTavarangelozia, marjvniv ki _
gabrielmTavarangelozi, mTavarangeloz gabriels marjvena xelSi
sfero uWiravs, marcxenaSi ki _ foToli. mTavarangelozebis frTebis
zemoT reliefuri mxedruli ganmartebiTi warwera: m˜Tr a˜zi m˜l: m˜r
a˜zi g˜al. xati moxatulia sada foTlovani ornamentiT, amSvenebs rva
Zvirfasi Tvali. aqvs dasakidi Zewkvi, xati kargadaa daculi. TariRi
xatze ikiTxeba: `welsa CymH-sa 1848 w. ivlisis kd-sa. mTavrobasa dadia-
nis daviT leonis Zisa, da mwyems-mTavrobasa Wyondidlis antonisaTa

101
me, xeTis soflis mRvdelman giorgi kobaxiZem, aznauris zurabis Zeman
brZanebiTa misve Wyondidlis antonisaTa, gavaWedine xati ese mTava-
rangelozisa mixail da gabrielisa RvawliTa da safasiTa CemiTa da
dausvene wminda nawilica SigniT Tavzed da saxsrad sulisa Cemisa,
raTa meox meyav dResa mas didsa gankiTxvisasa qriste savedreblad
da sasakuTrad ZeTa da momavalTa CemTaTvis~ (138; 41).
xeTis wm. mTavarangelozTa eklesia sabWoTa xelisuflebas
dauxuravs. 1923 wlis 5 maiss ki zugdidis mazris miliciis ufross
zugdidis (samegrelos) muzeumisTvis Caubarebia vercxliT moWedi-
li wm. mTavarangelozTa xati, vercxlis barZimi, feSxumi, kovzi da
varskvlavi (58; 36).
taZris irgvliv soflis sasaflaoa.
koordinatebia: 0734911 4694134

pirveli maisi. wm. sofios arqiteqturuli kompleqsi

wm. sofios arqiteqturuli kompleqsi mdebareobs xobis muni-
cipalitetis sofel pirvel maisSi, mdinare munCias marjvena mxares,
urTas mTis dafnis buCqebiT dafarul lamaz borcvze, zRvis donidan
160 metris simRleze. igi Sedgeba eklesiis, galavnis, koSkisa da sx-
vadasxva nagebobaTa naSTebisagan. samSeneblo masalad gamoyenebulia
kirqva. taZris CrdiloeTiT galavanSi koSkia CaSenebuli da Sesasvle-
lic aqedan aris. galavnis gareT, taZridan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT
da samxreT-dasavleTiT, galavnis SigniT, Crdilo-dasavleTiT na-
gebobaTa naSTebia SemorCenili. dasavleTiT, kldeSi gamoqvabulia,
romlis qvemoT mcire viwrobSi wyaroa _ `wyu~. Sida ezos farTobi
daaxloebiT 1000 kv. metria (sur. 77).
taZari ezos SuagulSi patara borcvze dgas, misi zomebia 8.50 X
6.10 m. kedlis sisqe 0.88 metria. am borcvidan alag-alag CuqurTmiani
lodebi moCans. aseTive lodebi awyvia taZris irgvlivac da Signi-
Tac. CuqurTmebi maRalmxatvrulad aris damuSavebuli da uaRresad
sayuradReboa. SesaZloa, isini ganviTarebuli feodalizmis xaniT
daTariRdes. galavani da koSki Zlier aris dazianebuli, koSkis mxo-
lod pirveli sarTulia SemorCenili.
galavnis sisqe 2,5 metrs aRwevs. taZris saxuravis dasavleTi
nawili Camongreulia, kedlebi dabzarulia da damskdari, kamara Ca-
mongrevis pirasaa. eklesias ori kari aqvs _ dasavleTiTa da samxre-
TiT, sarkmeli ki _ sami _ dasavleTiT, aRmosavleTiT da samxreTiT.
taZari adre aq mdgari xelovnebisa da sididis TvalsazrisiT be-
vrad ufro ukeTesi taZris adgilas aris agebuli, amas mowmobs nage-
bobis kedlebSi usistemod Catanebuli CuqurTmiani lodebi (sur. 78).
Zveli taZari, savaraudod, XVII saukunis damdegs momxdari miwisZvris

102
Sedegad unda dangreuliyo. `sacaiSlo gamosavlis davTaris~ mixed-
viT, 1610-14 wlebs Soris momxdara didi miwisZvra, romlis drosac
dangreula caiSis taZari da urTas mTis zolze mdebare sxva nage-
bobebic, maT Soris albaT, wm. sofios eklesiac (97; 470). es taZrebi
levan meore dadianis brZanebiTa da SewevniT aRudgenia afxazeTis
kaTolikos malaqia guriels. rogorc Cans Cvenamde moRweuli taZris
agebisas Zveli dangreuli nagebobis qvebi gamouyenebiaT.
pedagogs, istorikos xariton kakulias 1956 wels saintereso
legenda Cauweria am sofelSi mcxovreb 82 wlis m. gabisoniasagan:
Savi zRvidan amosul berZnebs taZridan Cumad, moparviT gautaniaT
wm. sofios xati. maTi ukan dabrunebisas, zRva saSinlad aRelvebula.
SeSinebuli berZnebi muxlebze dacemulan da RmerTisTvis uTxoviaT
_ oRond gadagvarCine da xats ukan davabrunebTo, taZars ki, vazisgan
damzadebul karebs davkidebTo. baton xaritonsave cnobiT adgilo-
brivi mcxovrebis lukiane kvikvinias winapari XX saukunis damdegs
Casula taZris qvemoT mdebare gamoqvabulSi, sadac mas unaxavs qvis
magidiTa da skamebiT mowyobili didi darbazi, adamianis ConCxebi
da xelovnuri gvirabi, romelic TiTqos mdinare munCiamde Cadioda.
wm. sofios salocavis istoriis Sesaxeb wyaroebi mwiria. erTa-
derTi, 1891 wlis 2 noembris gazeT `iveriaSi~ aris naxsenebi `xeTis
aia sofias wmindis eklesia~ (16; 47). sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyare-
bamde sofeli pirveli maisis teritoria xeTis TemSi Sedioda. mo-
saxleoba am salocavs dResac aia-sofias, iSviaTad jvar-sofias uwo-
debs. bzobis wina kviras xalxi taZarSi ikribeba. am dRes adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba `aiobas~ uwodebs, anTeben sanTlebs mohyavT saklavi...
`aiobis~ dResaswaulis Sesaxeb 2012 wlis oqtomberSi xobis sakre-
bulos TanamSromelma, 1932 wels dabadebulma eliso iosavam mogvi-
Txro is, rac mas bebiasagan, 1892 wels dabadebul SuSu spiridonis
asul beburiasgan gaugia: `aioba~ emTxveoda bzobis wina kviras. `aia~
ojaxSi sixarulis, siwmindisa da baraqis momtanad iTvleboda, yve-
lafers garecxavdnen _ `miaxiolandes Te dRas, aia mursia do ifrel
sufTa oko rdasia~ (sixaruliT xvdebodnen am dRes, aia modis da yve-
laferi sufTa unda iyoso). damtvreuli aveji, WurWeli, qvevri unda
SekeTebuliyo, aias araferi unda daxvedroda gabzaruli. anTebdnen
sanTels, iyo specialuri locvac. im dRes Wamdnen Tevzs, zeTisxils,
wiwiburas, xils. im tafas, romelzedac Sewvavdnen Tevzs sxva ramisT-
vis ar ixmardnen~. xobel maxare Cokoraias cnobiT, `aioba~ wm. sofios
eklesiis dResaswaulia, rac mas babuis, sofel pirvel maisSi mcxo-
vreb, 1923 wels dabadebul, ivane (vano) remas Ze bukiasagan gaugia.
gadmocemiT, wm. sofios taZari miutovebiaT, TiTqos iq, soflis
sasaflaos raRac ucnauri mxeci SeCvevia, romelic saflavebs Txrida

103
da micvalebulebs Wamda... daaxloebiT erTi kilometris daSorebiT,
dablobSi, SeurCeviaT sasaflaosTvis adgili da imave saxelwodebis
xis eklesiac iq auSenebiaT, romelic XIX saukunis saeklesio sabuTe-
bSi ixsenieba sakvikvinios wm. sofios eklesiad. sakrebulo uwyebebis
monacemebiT aq axali eklesia 1866 wels auSenebiaT. SesaZloa, es
Zveli taZris mitovebisa da axali salocavis agebis damadasturebeli
iyos. am eklesiaSi sxvadasxva dros msaxurobdnen mRvdelni: ioane
SuSania, ioakime SuSania, vasil SuSania, iakob SuSania, besarion SuSa-
nia, abraam Todua. axali wm. sofios eklesia 1923 wels bolSevikebs
dauxuravT, am taZris vercxlis jvarcmis xati zurgze warweriT,
zomiT 36 X 22 sm. vercxlis barZimi, varskvlavi da kovzi zugdidis
muzeumSi gadautaniaT (58; 37).
2012 wels wm. sofios arqiteqturuli kompleqsi daaTvalieres
arqeologebma revaz da nana papuaSvilebma. eklesiis mimdebare te-
ritoriaze da galavnis gareT, dasavleTiT 100-ode metris daSore-
biT sxvadasxva periodis artefaqtebi dafiqsirda, kerZod: mSrali,
uduRabod nagebi kedlisa Tu yoreebis naSTebi, adre Suasaukuneebis
(romaul-bizantiuri xana), ganviTarebuli feodaluri xanis da eli-
nisturi epoqis (Zv. w. IV-I ss.) keramikis, kramitis, agurisa da antefiq-
sis fragmentebi, rac miuTiTebs aq mravalfeniani Zeglis arsebobaze.
ufro adre galavnis gareT, CrdiloeTiT, SemTxveviT Tixis gvelis
Tavi aRmoCnda, rac raRac nivTis nawilia (sur. 79. 80. 81). ramdenime
wlis winaT taZris samxreTiT galavnis gareT ferdobze adgilobri-
vma mcxovrebma axmed kvikviniam oqtaviane avgustusis (Zv. w. 63 _ ax.
w. 14 w.) vercxlis moneta ipova (sur. 82).
wm. sofios arqiteqturuli kompleqsi Cveni istoriisaTvis metad
Rirebuli da mniSvnelovani Zeglia. aucilebelia misi mecnieruli
Seswavla da aRdgena.
koordinatebia: 0736015 4693637

pirveli maisi. eklesia guram loluas ezoSi

wm. sofios eklesiidan samxreTiT, daaxloebiT 600 metris daSo-
rebiT, adgilobrivi mcxovrebis, guram loluas ezoSi zedapirulad
kargad SeiniSneba adrefeodaluri xanis nagebobis kedelis naSTi,
romelic kirqviTa da aguriT aris naSeni. igi, savaraudod, eklesia
unda iyos. kedlis irgvliv mimofantulia aguris, kramitis, qvevrisa
da adamianis Zvlebis fragmentebi. 2012 wels Zegli daaTvalieres
arqeologebma revaz da nana papuaSvilebma.
koordinatebia: 0736269 4693204

104
 eklesia sakvikvinioSi
sofel pirvel maisSi jaxuTi sakmaod did ubans hqvia. igi sena-
ki-zugdidis sarkinigzo monakveTis marjvena mxares lamaz borcv-
gorakebze mdebareobs.
toponim `jaxuTs~ xSirad ganmartaven, rogorc ja-xuTs, rac
qarTulad xe-xuTs niSnavs, es gamoTqma rogorc megrulSi, aseve
qarTulSi arasworia. toponimi xesTan rom iyos dakavSirebuli, maSin
unda iyos xuTi-xe, anu xuTi-ja. cnobili mkvlevaris givi eliavas
ganmartebiT, Ti _ `didi gvarovnuli ojaxi, patriarqaluri ojaxia”
(139; 93). jaxu adamianis saxelia, aqedan gamomdinare, albaT, sworia im
adamianTa mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac `jaxuTi~ jaxus Tems niSnavs.
jaxuTSi Tengiz romanozis Ze kvikvinias ezoSi Zalian saintereso
Zegli aRmoCnda. igi davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan
erTad. sakmaod didi borcvis yvelaze maRal wertilSi kirqviT nagebi
marTkuTxedis formis Senobis naSTebia darCenili, romlis simaRle
daaxloebiT erTi metri da oci santimetria, kedlis sisqe erTi me-
tria. Zegli xe-mcenareebiT aris dafaruli. SigniT da gareT kedlis
nangrevebi yria da amitom Znelia garkveva, samlocveleoa igi Tu
sxva daniSnulebis nageboba. saWiroa misi gawmenda mcenareebisa da
nangrevebisagan. kedlebTan mimofantulia adreqristianuli xanis
kramitis mozrdili fragmentebi. borcvis CrdiloeTi mxare sakmaod
cicaboa. SeimCneva galavnis kvalic, romelic nagebobas gars uvlis
daaxloebiT ocdaaTi metris radiusSi. Senobis dasavleTis kedlis
paralelurad kedelia aRmarTuli, romelic etyoba am nagebobis
dangrevis Semdeg auSenebiaT, radgan masSi samSeneblo masalad krami-
tis natexebicaa gamoyenebuli. Tengiz kvikvinias saxlsa da sakulto
nagebobas Soris ferdobze SeiniSneba adamianis Zvlebi, aqve aRmoCnda
sardionisgan damzadebuli sferuli formis mZivic. aSkaraa, rom
drois raRac monakveTSi am teritoriaze samarovani iyo gamarTuli.
Zeglidan orasiode metrSi mdebareobs RuRuni kvikvinias kar-
midamo. misi monaTxrobis mixedviT, meore msoflio omamde, roca
is aTiode wlis yofila, ezoSi xexilis dargvis dros SemTxveviT
upoviaT Tixis kubo, romlis saxuravi dangreuli yofila. man ver
gaixsena, iyo Tu ara WurWelSi Zvlebi, magram kargad axsovs, rom Sig
ido Zlier daJanguli xanjali. misi ezos WiSkris marcxena mxares,
qviTkiris RobeSi CaSenebulia saintereso CuqurTmiani qva, romlis
zomebia 18X27 santimetri, xolo ornamentis diametri 15 santi-
metria. CuqurTmiani qvebia agreTve CaSenebuli biWuna kvikvinias
saxlis kedelSi.
koordinatebia: 0737223 4693114

105
 III cixe-koSkebi da sxva nagebobebi

mdinare xobiswyalTan
xobis monastris CrdiloeTiT 700-ode metris daSorebT, mdina-
rem gamoaSiSvla nagebobebis naSTebi. mis saZirkvelsa da miwis zeda-
pirs Soris manZili daaxloebiT 4 metria. TviT naSTebi 2 metramde
sigrZisa da siganis da 1.20 metri simaRlis marTkuTxedis formis
mozrdili riyis qvebisagan, kirxsnariT duRabiT agebul masaa. erT
maTgans waxnagi fleTili kirqvis naxevrad damuSavebuli lodebiT
aqvs mopirkeTebuli. SesaZloa, aq navmisadgomi yofiliyo mowyobili.
sofel biaSi mcxovreb zaur grigolis Ze iosavas Tavisi babuis
vasilisagan gaugonia, rom, `roca xobis monasteri Sendeboda, xalxi
iyo Camwkrivebuli jaxuTidan monastramde da erTmaneTs awvdidnen
saSen masalas, TviT monasteri xelovnur mTaze dgas, xolo aq monas-
tramde dasasvenebeli adgili, sastumro yofila~.
xobSi mcxovreb aleqsandre (saSa) arCaias (dabadebuli 1941 wels)
mamis kondratesagan (dabadebuli 1887 wels) da goga jimSeris Ze
iosavas (dabadebuli 1982 wels) Tavisi bebiis, kleo spiridonis
asul latariasagan gaugiaT, rom am midamoebSi `oniSole~ _ navmi-
sabmeli yofila. Tamaz beraZis cnobiT `mdinare xobiT navebi xobis
monastramde aRwevda~ (140; 43), xolo patriarqi paisiosi da dosi-
Teosi 1659 wels Camsxdaran `iberiul xomaldSi~ da md. xobiswyliT
daSvebulan Savi zRvisaken (95; 85). arqanjelo lambertis mixedviT,
navebi xobis monastramde adiodnen. jak fransua gambas cnobiT xobis
monastris midamoebSi agurebsa da kramitebs amzadebdnen, romlebic
navebiT CahqondaT yulevSi. v. maevskis monacemebiT XIX bolosaTvis
md. xobze 40 navi iyo, romelTac 3.2-dan 8 tonamde tvirTis gada-
tana SeeZloT navebi albaT, mdinaris aRma navebi WapaniT ahyavdaT
(95; 127-128).
koordinatebia: 0739313 4691899

sofeli pirveli maisi. jaxuTis `jixa~ cixe

cixis namdvili saxeli ucnobia, jaxuTis cixe mas pirobiTad
vuwodeT, radgan mdebareobs sofel pirveli maisis jaxuTis ubnis
boloSi, mdinare xobiswylis marjvena napirze (zRvis donidan 63 m.).
aqve, orasiode metrSi, xobiswyals mdinare Waniswyali erTvis. cixe
strategiul adgilzea aRmarTuli. mis Sesaxeb raime saxis isto-
riuli cnobebi ar arsebobs. cixe Tavisi mdebareobiT da aRnagobiT
Zalian sainteresoa. igi xobiswylis Walebs gadahyurebs, cixis Sida

106
ezos farTobi 1500 kv. metramde iqneba. mas misasvleli mxolod da-
savleTidan aqvs, sxva mxridan ki, praqtikulad miuvalia. cixis ezos
samxreT-dasavleTiT koSki dgas, romlis Sida diametri 6 metria. igi
nagebia kirqviT. koSkis Sida sivrce amovsebulia Camongreuli kedlis
fragmentebiT. Zlieri dazianebis gamo kedlis sisqe ver dgindeba.
ezoSi sxvadasxva jiSis mravalwliani xeebia amosuli, nagebobebis
naSTebi dafarulia ekal-bardebiTa da jagnari mcenareebiT.
dasavleTiT koSkidan 75 metris daSorebiT gaurkveveli nage-
bobebis naSTebia. ezoSi keramikuli masala ar fiqsirdeba. adgilo-
brivma mcxovreblebma, Zmebma laSa da lado buskanZeebma cixis ezoSi
napovni rkinis isrispirebi gadmogvces (sur. 84). Zmebs moxucebisgan
gaugoniaT, rom gubaz mefe bizantielebs am midamoebSi mouklavT.
cixis samxreTiT, mRvimidan wyali gamoedineba, romelsac `oxarka-
laias~ _ `okarkalaias~ eZaxian, rac rakrakas niSnavs.
cixes originaluri galavani aqvs, ezos kideebze 70 santimetris
simaRlis kirqvian-duRabian kedelze or rigad dawyobilia naxe-
vradwriuli formis kirqvisagan gamoTlili lodebi, rigTaSorisi
amovsebulia wvrili kirqvis natexebiTa da kirxsnariT. kedlis sisqe
erT metrs aRwevs, lodebis sigrZe 1.5-dan 4.5 metramde aRwevs, sisqe
_ 0.30, simaRle ki _ daaxloebiT 1.30 metria (sur. 83).
2011 wels cixe daaTvalieres arqeologebma revaz da nana pa-
puaSvilebma. am lodebis Sesaxeb r. papuaSvili ambobs: `ovaluri
formis lodebi ciklopuri nagebobis STabeWdilebas tovebs, Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom aqve Zvelkolxuri namosaxlarebis kva-
lia, ar aris gamoricxuli aq adre ciklopuri nageboba yofiliyo,
romlis detalebi Semdgom adreSuasaukuneebis cixis mSeneblobisas
gamoiyenes, Tumca es mxolod varaudia. cixe safuZvlianad Sesaswa-
vlia~. cixis samxreTiT mdinaris napiras yanebia, sadac Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi fiqsirdeba. mkvlevari nikoloz murRulia Tvlis, rom
vinaidan cixes Zalian xelsayreli strategiuli adgili ukavia, miu-
valia, ori mdinaris SeerTebis adgilzea aSenebuli, sadac albaT
mniSvnelovani gzebi gadioda, SesaZloa igi romelime mTavris rezi-
dencia yofiliyo (141; 181).
koordinatebia: cixe 0739660 4693787 mRvime 0739583 4693714

nojixevis `jixa~ - cixe

sofel nojixevs mosaxleoba `nojixs~ uwodebs, rac nacixars
niSnavs. sofeli nacixaridan sakmaod daSorebulia, Zvelad ki igi
cixis irgvliv unda yofiliyo ganTavsebuli. XIX saukuneSi mimdinare
ekonomikurma da politikurma cvlilebebma sofeli ufro qveviT,

107
vake adgilebisken `gadawia~, XX saukuneSi ki man mTlianad rkinigzis
sadgur `xobis~ mimarTulebiT gadainacvla.
cixis naSTebi `kuTxe nojixevis~ sasaflaodan Crdilo-dasavle-
TiT, daaxloebiT 2 kilometris daSorebiT, sakmaod maRal borcvze
mdebareobs (zRvis donidan 140 m.). am sasaflaoze sabWoTa xeli-
suflebis damyarebamde wm. mTavarangelozTa saxelobis muxis xis
eklesia idga, misi zomebi yofila 18 X 8 arSini, anu 13.8 X 5.7 metri,
Senobas irgvliv uvlida farTo aivani (58; f. 2, s. 60, f. 214), taZari
bolSevikebma 1924 wlis ajanyebis Semdeg daangries. am eklesiasTan
imarTeboda soflis mTavari dResaswauli `jarala~ _ jarianoba, ro-
melsac adgilobrivi mosaxleoba `caaSxa-karobuas~ uwodebda da da
romlis arsi da mniSvneloba aravis axsovs. `caaSxa~ _ cis dRe qarTu-
li xuTSabaTia. profesor paata cxadaias cnobiT nojixevis eklesias
`caaSxadidiS oxvames~ _ didi xuTSabaTis salocavs eZaxodnen, radgan
`aRdgomasa da axalkviras Sua aRiniSneboda religiuri dResaswauli
caaSxadidi _ didi xuTSabaTi~ (136; 133).
nojixevSi XX saukunis 70-ian wlebamde eridebodnen xuTSaba-
TobiT micvalebulis dasaflavebas. 1916 wels dabadebuli mcxovani
istorikosisa da pedagogis, TbilisSi mcxovreb valerian yeirimis Ze
iosavas mogonebebiT, is bavSobaSi `caaSxa-karobuas~ wiTeli kvercxiT
xelSi daswrebia da aqedan gamomdinare Tvlida, rom dResaswauli
brwyinvale xuTSabaTs aRiniSneboda, misive gadmocemiT, am eklesias-
Tan `qenjerobis~ dResaswauls aRniSnavdnen, romlis raobis Sesaxeb
arc mas da arc sxva vinmes araferi axsovs.
1911wels dabadebul nojixevel xuta jiqias mogonebis mixedviT,
nojixevis wm. mTavarangelozebs mSoblebi gansakuTrebulad Txovdnen
ojaxis ufrosi vaJiSvilebis mfarvelobas. am eklesiaSi dauweriaT
jvari iona meunargiasa da nino jorjikias, levan Sengelaiasa da eka
jorjikias.
XIX saukuneSi eklesia soflis SuagulSi idga, aqve yofila so-
flis administracia, samrevlo skola. rogorc aRvniSneT, sofelma
adgili icvala da es ubani soflis ganapira mxared darCa.
xandazmulebis gadmocemiT, afxazeTSi mimaval Tamar mefes Rame
nojixevSi gauTevia, mas ise moswonebia aqauroba, rom sofeli daulo-
cavs da ukurTxebia, amis Semdeg TiTqos am sofels `kurTxeul noji-
xevs~ eZaxodnen. sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg ki, sityva
`kurTxeuli~ `kuTxeTi~ Seicvala da soflis am ubnis saxelwodebad
`kuTxenojixevi~ damkvidrda.
nojixevis cixis naSTebi sakmaod Znelad misadgom borcvze mdeba-
reobs. aqedan kargad Cans kolxeTis bari, Savi zRva, saxarbediosa da
urTis mTa-borcvebi. nageboba mdgara borcvis davakebaze, romelsac

108
tolgverda samkuTxedis forma aqvs, romlis wveri CrdiloeTiT
aris mimarTuli. borcvis Tavis davakebis farTobi daaxloebiT 100
kvadratuli metria. misi CrdiloeTi da dasavleTi mxareebi Zalian
cicaboa da praqtikulad miudgomelia, cixis naSTi sakmaod Zneli
misadgomia aRmosavleTidanac. borcvis wveramde miRweva mxolod
samxreT-dasavleT mxridan viwro gziT aris SesaZlebeli. borcvs
aRmosavleTiT Zveli saurme gza Cauvlis. cixe Zlier dangreulia,
gadarCenilia mxolod samxreTis kedeli, romlis sigrZe daaxloebiT
8 metria, igi uxvevs samxreT-dasavleTis kuTxesTan CrdiloeTiT,
romlis sigrZe daaxloebiT 2 metria. kedlis sisqe ver dgindeba, is
rac Cans miaxloebiT erTi metria. cixe nagebia sagangebod SerCeuli
riyis qvebiT kiris duRabze horizontaluri rigebis dacviT. gorakis
wveris farTobis zomis mixedviT Zneli saTqmelia, nageboba mcire
zomis cixe, Tu saguSago koSki iyo. aqedan didi sivrceebi sCans yvela
mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki _ samxreTiT (141; 171). nojixevis
cixe gzagasayarTan mdebareobda. quTaisidan momavali gza, romelic
noqalaqevs gaivlida, aqedan afxazeTSi midioda, meore ki _ dasavle-
TiT _ Savi zRvisken, foTsa da yulevisken miemarTeboda.
cixesTan yofila adgili, romelsac `naoxvamu~ rqmevia. samwuxa-
rod, misi fiqsireba ver SevZeliT, radgan XX saukunis 70-ian wle-
bSi mimdinareobda cixis midamoebis dateraseba, rasac win uZRoda
buldozeris tipis traqtorebiT miwis xe-mcenareebisagan gawmenda.
SesaZloa `naoxvamu~ am samuSaoebis dros waSliliyo.
cixis borcvs orive mxares Camoudis Releebi, romelTac didi
raodenobiT CamoaqvT WurWlis fragmentebi. analogiuri masala cixis
borcvis kalTebidan wvimis wyalsac uxvad Camoaqvs. am midamoebSi
movipoveT iqna Cvens eramde I aTaswleulis Sua xanebis kolxuri,
aTenuri Savlakiani, sinopuri WurWlis fragmentebi da xelsafqvavis
natexebi.
Zvel dasaxlebaTa kvali cixis irgvliv daaxloebiT 500 metris
radiusSi mainc vrceldeba.
koordinatebia: 0744268 4690787

sofeli sajijao. zenis jixa

zenis cixe sajijaos Temis sofel zenSi, vake adgilze, Rele par-
tikis marjvena napirze, soflis centraluri saavtomobilo gzidan
daaxloebiT 300 metris daSorebiT mdebareobs (zRvis donidan 48 m.).
amJamad igi moqceulia daviT derikonis ezoSi. derikonebis winapari
XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis damdegs Camosula ukrainidan da zenis
cixesTan dasaxlebula. swored am ojaxis damsaxurebaa, rom cixem,

109
TiTqmis pirvandeli saxiT moaRwia Cvenamde. cixe-simagreebi, romle-
bic dasaxlebul punqtebSi mdebareobs, XX saukuneSi mniSvnelovan-
wilad adamianTa daudevrobis gamo dazianda. derikonebi ki cixes
faqizad da didi sifrTxiliT epyrobian (sur. 87).
cixe sakmaod didia, nagebia riyis qvebiT. Sida ezos farTobi
daaxloebiT 500 kv. metria. galavanSi ori koSkia CarTuli. Crdiloe-
Tis koSkSi WiSkaria mowyobili, pirvel sarTuls TaRovan gasasvlel
aqvs. Semosasvlelis Tavze salodea, mesame sarTulis oTxive kedelSi
TiTo saTofea mowyobili. samxreTiT mdebare piramiduli formis
cixis mTavari koSki sabrZolo-sacxovrebelia, igi didia da masiuri.
pirveli sarTuli maRlaa, mis qvemoT, SesaZloa, sardafia Camarxuli.
koSkSi erTaderTi Sesasvleli ezodan 4 metris simaRlezea. pir-
vel da meore sarTulebSi saTofeebia. koSkebis zeda nawili dan-
greulia.
cixis galavani 6-8 metris simaRlisaa.
mogvianebiT cixisaTvis miuSenebiaT saTavsoebi. nagebobaTa kva-
li Cans cixis ezoSic. cixe TiTqmis mTlianad dafarulia kolxuri
suroTi.
cixe gvian Sua saukuneebSi Tavad CiCuebisa iyo. aqve, axlos, ram-
denime aseul metrSi aris zenis Zveli sasaflao, sadac adre, sabWoTa
xelisuflebis damyarebamde, ioane naTlismcemlis eklesia idga.
cnobili mecnieri parmen zaqaraia zenis cixes XVII saukunis I
naxevriT aTariRebs (142; 288).
koordinatebia: 0745488 4695857

gaRma sajijaos `jixa~ _ cixe

cixe mdebareobs sajijaos Temis sofel gaRma sajijaoSi, pata-
ra gorakze, mdinare zanis marjvena napirze (zRvis donidan 54 m.).
CrdiloeTidan cixe miudgomelia, radgan mas mdinare zana da misi
cicabo kalapoti icavs, sxva mxridan igi sakmaod farTo TxriliT
yofila daculi.
cixes aqvs koSki, romelic galavans Signidanaa miSenebuli. igi
agebulia riyis qvebiT.
cixis Sida ezos farTobi 150 m-mdea, koSkis diametri 6 metria.
cixe Zlieraa dazianebuli da misi simaRle 2 metridan 5 metramdea.
kedlis sisqe _ 1,5 m-mde. cixe mTlianad xe-mcenareebiTaa dafaruli.
mkvlevar nikoloz murRulias mosazrebiT nageboba IV-VI saukuneebiT
TariRdeba (141; 171). mis irgvliv mdebare teritoriaze adgilobriv
mcxovreblebs Txilis plantaciebi aqvT gaSenebuli. cixis borcvis
ferdobebze SeiniSneba baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi,

110
cixidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, asiode metrSi SevniSneT romaul-
bizantiuri xanis gverdakecili kramitis fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0253777 4695275

xibulas cixe _ `jixa~

es cixe-simagre sofel Zvel xibulaSi, soflis centrTan axlos,
lamaz gorakze, mdinare Waniswylis marjve nanapirze mdebareobs
(zRvis donidan 119 m.). mas adgilobrivi mosaxleoba `xiblurjixas~ _
`xibulel~ cixes uwodebs (136;249.). igi xuroTmoZRvrul kompleqsia,
romelic Sedgeba galavnis, koSkis, sasaxlisa da sxva nagebobaTa naS-
Tebisagan (sur. 86). cixis goraki mTlianad dafarulia farTofoT-
lovani xeebiT, xeebi mravladaa cixis Sida ezoSic, romlis farTobi
aranakleb 2000 kv. metria. ezos forma ovaluria. cixis koSkidan
kargad moCans biasa da urTas mTis masivebi, agreTve Waqvinjis cixe.
borcvi, romelzedac cixea aRmarTuli, sakmaod cicaboa, mas mxo-
lod samxreT-dasavleTi mxridan aqvs davakeba. mTavari Sesasvlelic
am mxares unda yofiliyo. bunebrivia, igi saTanadod gamagrebulic
iqneboda, albaT, koSkiTac, magram dReisaTvis msgavsi ram aq ar Cans.
aqve, axlos. sameurneo daniSnulebis nagebobebic yofila, rasac cixis
galavnis gareT, 20-ode metrSi, miwaSi Cafluli qvevri mowmobs. galava-
ni riyis qviTaa naSeni, igi mxolod samxreT-aRmosavleTiT aris Semor-
Cenili da miwisZvrisa Tu mewyeris gamo gadawolilia, galavnis sakmaod
didi nawili ferdobzea dagorebuli. iqve, zed galavanTan, SemorCe-
nilia riyis qviT nagebi Senobis naSTebi, gverdiT devs Camongreuli
kedlis nawili, romelSic qvevria CaSenebuli, misi diametri 50 sm-ia.
ezos samxreTiT Waa, romliTac, adgilobriv mcxovrebTa gadmocemiT,
XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSic sargeblobdnen, amJamad Wa amovsebulia.
cixis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi saerTo ezodan or metramde
simaRlis Sirimis qviT gamoyofil SemaRlebaze, galavnisagan damou-
kideblad dgas didi zomis Sirimis qvis kvadrebiT aSenebuli koSki,
romlis simaRle 7 metramdea, fuZis zomebia 7,70 X 7,10 metri; ze-
viT igi odnav viwrovdeba. koSkze or metramde simaRlis riyis qvis
kedlebia daSenebuli, igi gviandeli danamatia. iqve axlos, SemaRle-
bis marcxniv, midgmulia orsarTuliani palatis pirveli sarTuli,
romlis Weri nawilobriv Camongreulia; SemorCenilia kedlis meore
sarTulis nawili, palatis zomebia: sigrZe _ 6,60 m, sigane _ 6 m, pirve-
li sarTulis simaRlea _ 3 m, kedlis sisqe _ 1 m. palati riyis qviTaa
nagebi, xolo marjvena kedeli _ Sirimis qvis kvadrebiT. nagebobis
win, marcxena mxares, sakmaod didi zomis qvevria Camarxuli. nikoloz
murRulia koSkis IV-VI saukuneebiT aTariRebs (141; 182).

111
 xibula qarTul wyaroebSi pirvelad ixsenieba 1525-1550 wlebSi
Sedgenil biWvinTis iadgarSi (97; 179).
1616-1621 wlebSi Sedgenil dokumentSi, romelic warmoadgens
afxazeTis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos malaqias molaSqre
kacTa nusxis mixedviT, xibuladan kaTolikosis laSqarSi 30 aznauriS-
vili da msaxuri iricxeboda. 1616-1639 wlebSi Sedgenil Sewirulobis
wignSi biWvinTisadmi afxazeTis kaTolikosi malaqia gurieli ambobs:
`..xibulas saydris iaraRisaTvis cixe salarod gamikeTebia, Sigan
ori kvamli kaci damisaxlebia, saydari, saxli da Cardaxi damidgams
da erTi sasaxleT is gamikeTebia (34;502).~ etyoba, cixe malaqia ka-
Tolikoss mtris Semosevis dros axlomdebare eklesiebis saganZuris
Sesanaxad gadaukeTebia.
xibulis cixis riyis qvis samSeneblo fena _ malaqia kaTolikosi-
seuli, xolo Sirimis qvis fena ufro Zveli unda iyos. aRmosavleTiT,
galavnis gareT, Zv. w. aR-is VIII-VII saukuneebis Zvelkolxuri Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi dafiqsirda. cixis aSenebis zusti TariRis
dasadgenad kompleqsur-mecnieruli kvlevaa Casatarebeli.
koordinatebia: 0745128 4703274

sofeli xamiskuri. `misaronferdi~ koSki

es obieqti sofel xamisqurSi, `safarcvanios~ ubanSi mdebareobs
(zRvis donidan 133 m.). ferdobs qvemoT sakmaod mozrdili Rele
moedineba.
`misaronis~ an `jege-misaris~ salocavi samegreloSi specialis-
tebis mier bevr adgilas aris fiqsirebuli. cnobili mkvlevaris s.
makalaTias mixedviT, `mirsobis~ xatoba aRiniSneboda yvelieris dad-
gomamde ori kviriT adre, xuTSabaT dRes. `jege-misari~ sinaTlis,
naTlis RvTaeba iyo _ qristianobis damyarebis Semdeg misi adgili
wminda giorgim daikava (134; 368).
2006 wlis 24 agvistos `misaronferdi~ revaz papuaSvilTan erTad
davaTvaliereT. vnaxeT galavnis saZirkvlis sakmaod grZeli naSTebi.
am adgilis ukidures dasavleTiT, sakmaod daqanebuli ferdobis Ta-
vze, koSkis naSTia, romlis zomebia 8 X 10 metri. igi naSenia sakmaod
kargad damuSavebuli kirqvis kvadrebiT, rRvevis gamo kedlis sisqis
gansazRvra SeuZlebelia.
aq avkrifeT Tixis WurWlisa da kramitis fragmentebi, maT Soris
I-V saukuneebisa.
erTi SexedviTac Cans, rom es adgili sagangebod aris SerCeuli,
SuaSi daaxloebiT 3500 kv. metris farTobis kvadrats miaxloebuli
formis swori mindoria, romelic borcv-gorakebiT aris SemosazR-
vruli, swored am borcv-gorakebze, yovel fexis nabijze, zedapirzeve

112
SeiniSneba romaul-bizantiuri xanis gverdakecili kramitis frag-
mentebi. igi hgavs didi zomis moedans, romlis irgvliv, terasebze
Senobebi unda mdgariyo. s. makalaTias mixedviT, gadmocemiT, misaroni
iTvleboda farcvaniebis gvaris xatad. aq yofila jege mTavarange-
lozis xati, romelic TaTrebs gautacniaT. eklesia daungreviaT.
saTaTreTSi xatis damtvreva moundomebiaT, magram dabrmavebulan
da maTSi Tvalis avadmyofoba gvrcelebula. maSin TaTrebs uremSi
uReli xari SeubamT, zed xati dausvenebiaT, gamougzavniaT misaronSi
da patieba uTxoviaT misTvis (134;370).
koordinatebia: koSki 0731502 4697314 misaroni 0731632 4697281

xeTas `jixa~ cixe

cixe-simagre mdebareobs sofel xamiskurSi, xeTa-xamisquris sa-
zRvarze, senaki-zugdidis saavtomobilo gzis marcxena mxares, saqi-
rios ubanSi. cixidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT moCans `jegeTis~ mTa. is
formiT mrgvalia, zomiT sakmaod didi, misi Sida ezos farTobi da-
axloebiT 4500 kv. metria. galavans Signidan miSenebuli aqvs sami didi
oTxkuTxa koSki, romelTagan erTi Zlier dazianebulia. cixisa da
koSkebis simaRle 8-10 metrs aRwevs, maTi zeda nawili `wakveTilia~.
galavnis kedlis sisqe 2.5-dan 3 metramde aRwevs. cixes Semosasvleli
Crdilo-dasavleTis mxridan aqvs, aq koSki garedan yofila midgmuli,
romelic safuZvlamdea dangreuli. galavnis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi
nawili Zlier dazianebulia, xolo dasavleTi-safuZvlamdea dan-
greuli. koSkebis kedlis sisqe 1.8 metria. dasavleTis koSkis zomebia
7.5 X 7.3, CrdiloeTis _ 8.3 X 7.9, xolo samxreT-aRmosavleTisa _ 8
X 8.7 metri. CrdiloeTis koSkSi SemorCenilia mozrdili zomis da-
mtvreuli qvevri, xolo samxreT-aRmosavleTis koSkSi xuTi qvevri
fiqsirdeba. aRmosavleTiT dazianebuli sarkmelia, romlis marjvena
mxares TaRedis kvalia darCenili. sarkmlis qveda kedeli orive mxa-
res Selesilia. Cans, aq nageboba iyo midgmuli, SesaZloa, igi, cixis
samlocvelo yofiliyo. Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mdebare koSksa da
karibWes Soris galavanSi gamarTulia saTofe niSi. galavnis aRmo-
savleT nawilSi SeimCneva gaurkveveli nagebobis minaSenis kvali.
koSkebi ZiriTadad nagebia adgilobrivi kirqviT, gamoyenebulia,
agreTve, didi zomis riyis qvebic (sur. 88).
cixis gareT, samxreT-dasavleTiT, ramdenime metrSi, gamodis
wyaro.
sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi cixis ezoSi dafnis plantacia
iyo gadaqceuli. XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi soflis axalgazrdobam
amoZirkva dafnis bolqvebi da ezo daasufTava.

113
 2006 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis
saministrom omar kilaZis xelmZRvanelobiT moavlina studentebis
jgufi cixis gasawmendad. sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen arqiteqtor-
restavratori _ javar salia da arqeologebi: SoTa iremaSvili, revaz
kvirkvaia, revaz davlianiZe. Seiqmna SromiTi banaki. muSaobaSi monawi-
leobdnen adgilobrivi axalgazrdebic. galavani da koSkebi mTlianad
gaiwminda xe-mcenareebisagan. miuxedavad Zlieri dazianebebisa, cixe
igi did STabeWdilebas axdens mnaxvelze.
arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Sedegad SesasvlelSi koSkis naSTebi
gamovlinda.
xeTis cixis Sesaxeb istoriuli cnobebi Zalian mwiria, is same-
grelos TavdacviTi sistemis mniSvnelovani rgoli unda yofiliyo.
vaxuSti batoniSvili samegrelos mniSvnelovan cixeTa Soris masac
moixseniebs: `...mTis Zirs, velsa zeda aris xeTas cixe~... (33; 778).
XIX saukunis 70-iani wlebis damdegs gamoqveynebuli masalis mi-
xedviT, zugdididan xobis monasterSi mimaval rafiel erisTavs gzis
marjvena mxares unaxavs Zveli dangreuli cixe. igi SeniSnavs, rom
cixidan gamodis Zalian civi wyaro. aq cxovrobdnen am mxaris Zveli
mmarTvelebi (16; 11). avtori gulisxmobs gvian Suasaukuneebis same-
greloSi Zlier dawinaurebul Tavadebs _ qorTuebs _ qorToZeebs.
xeTis cixe maTi mTavari rezidencia iyo.
Tamaz beraZis mixedviT xeTis cixeSi levan dadianis sasaxle
mdgara (140; 46). samwuxarod, cixis ezoSi arc sasaxlis, arc karis
eklesiisa da arc sxva damxmare nagebobis kvali ar Cans, arada, ase-
Ti didi cixe-simagre am Senobebis gareSe warmoudgenelia. eqvTime
TayaiSvilma Tavis droze gamoaqveyna dokumenti, esaa XVII saukunis
saxarebaze anika qorToZis minaweri: `...dido patiosano caiSis R~is
mSobelo, SemogewivarT Cven cva farvaTa SenTa. didisa qorToZisa
batonis rostomis asulman batonman anikam: mermeT afxazis laSqari
movida da Tqueni taZars mouxTa da Cuen didsa daWirvebasa da SiS-
sa qveSe SevardiT da gavagzavne Cemi meTofeni da movatacebie ori
didi auyreli xati da ori kidev didi xati, erTi momcro xati Cems
xeTs cixes sajvareSid davisveneT da Tqveni taZari afxazman gatexa
da aaoxra da Cuen Tu dagcaleboda Cuenis mamis alagzed da Tqvenis
safarvelsa qveSe, Tqveni monastris samsaxursa vcdilobdiT~... (13;
187-188). sajvares Zvelad karis salocavs eZaxdnen.
istoriuli wyaroebi arafers amboben xeTis cixis aSenebis Ta-
riRis Sesaxeb, romlis dadgena mxolod maSin gaxdeba SesaZlebeli,
rodesac mecnierebi detalurad Seiswavlian cixesa da mis Semogarens.
cnobilia, rom Cveni winaprebi cixe-simagreebs strategiul ad-
gilebSi aSenebdnen, ZiriTadad gzajvaredinze. cixes mtrisTvis gza

114
unda Caeketa, qveynisTvis raRac mniSvnelovani unda daecva. Zveli
arqiteqtorebi maqsimalurad iTvaliswinebdnen bunebriv pirobebs,
kargad iyenebdnen kldovan adgilebs, maRlobebs, mdinareTa Sesar-
Tavebs, am SemTxvevaSi ki sgasakviri isaa, rom maSin, rodesac asiode
nabijze borcv-gorakebis mTeli wyebaa, xeTas cixe gaSlil velzea
agebuli.
koordinatebia : 0731451 4695799

sofeli pirveli maisi. yurumulias `jixa~ cixe

cixe sofel pirvel maisSi, mdinareebis munCiasa da Cxaias Seer-
Tebis adgilze, munCiis marjvena napirze mdebareobs (zRvis donidan
79 m.). arqiteqtors bunebrivi pirobebi kargad gamouyenebia. cixes
sami mxridan gars uvlis mdinare Cxaia. goraki, romelzedac cixe mde-
bareobs sakmaod cicaboa, aq misvla mxolod samxreT-dasavleTidan
SeiZleba. am mxares teritoria sam terasad iyofa, romlebze amJamad
yanebia. cixis midamoebSi mravlad aris mimofantuli adrefeodaluri
xanis Tixis WurWlis, agurisa da kramitis fragmentebi, widebi. Cveni
varaudiT, am mxares galavanic unda yofiliyo. cixe ketavda viwro
xevs, saidanac gza dRevandel sofel abasTumanSi gadadioda. nage-
boba ar aris didi, misi farTobi daaxloebiT 60 kvadratuli metria,
igi Zlier dazianebulia da TiTqmis uformo masad aris gadaqceuli,
amitomac samSeneblo wyobis garCevac ki Znelia. SedarebiT ukeTes
mdgomareobaSia samxreTis kedeli, igi kirqviT kiris duRabzea nagebi.
safasade wyoba nagebia rigebis dacviT.
cixe irgvliv dafarulia xe-mcenareebiT. dazianebebis mZime for-
misa da mcenareebis gamo, Wirs cixis pirvandeli saxiT warmodgena.
sofel pirvel maisSi mcxovrebma armaz bukiam cixeSi SemTxveviT
napovni adrefeodaluri xanis rkinis isrispirebi xeTis sabrZolo
didebisa da mxareTmcodneobis muzeums gadasca (sur. 89).
mkvlevari nikoloz murRulia cixes IV _ VI saukuneebiT aTari-
Rebs (141; 177).
1915 wlis gazeT `saxalxo furcelis~ cnobiT, es cixe `Zalian
Zveli unda iyos, radgan nangrevebSi unaxavT brinjaos iaraRebi~ (16;
176).
koordinatebia: 0737135 4694638

pirveli maisi. maCxomeris cixe

Zegli sofel pirvel maisSi, senaki-zugdidis sarkinigzo monakve-
Tis marjvena mxares, rkinigzis baqan munCiadan daaxloebiT naxevar
kilometrSi, xeebiT daburul maRali borcvis Sevakebaze, im ubanSi

115
mdebareobs, romelsac maCxomeri ewodeba, iqve Camoedineba Rele,
romelsac agreTve `maCxomeri~ hqvia (zRvis donidan 103 m.).
ZeglTan asasvleli gza murman dianozis Ze wowerias saxlTan
iwyeba. sainteresoa, xom ar aris ubnisa da Zeglis saxeli erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli. `maCxomeri~ macxonebels niSnavs. aw gansvenebuli is-
torikosis xariton kakulias mixedviT `maCxoma~ simravles niSnavs.
filolog gulnara jaxias ganmartebiT, adre im adamianis Sesaxeb,
romelsac Zalian bevri naTesavi hyavda, ityodnen _ maCxoma naTesavebi
hyavso. es sityva SeiZleba `meCxomesTan~ _ meTevzesTan iyos dakavSi-
rebuli, lazurad `manCxome~ meTevzes niSnavs. isic sayovelTaod aris
cnobili, rom Tevzi _ `Cxomi~ _ qristes simboloa.
cixe Zlier aris dangreuli. samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis kedle-
bi saerTod ar Cans, igi mTlianad dafarulia xe-mcenareebiT. Zlier
aris dazianebuli samxreT-dasavleTis koSki. Zegli wagrZelebuli
marTkuTxedis formis galavniTa da koSkebiT yofila SemozRuduli.
SemorCenilia Crdilo-aRmosavleTis galavnisa (sigrZe 95 metramde)
da dasavleTis kuTxis koSkebis naSTebi. Crdilo-dasavleTis kuTxis
koSkis simaRle daaxloebiT 1,70 metria, kedlis sisqe erT metram-
dea, xolo koSkis farTobi _ 4,50 X 4,50 metrze, misgan samxreTiT
daaxloebiT 37 metris daSorebiT Zlier dazianebuli koSkis naSTia
SemorCenili. Sida ezos farTobi 5000 kvadratul metrs aRwevs. ezo
SuaSi SeiniSneba nagebobis naSTebi, romelic, SesaZloa, adreqristia-
nuli xanis eklesia iyos. ezoSi mravladaa mimofantuli amave perio-
dis kramitisa da Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, agreTve, kirqvisagan
gamoTlili samSeneblo detalebi (sur. 91).
am Zegls mkvlevari nikoloz murRulia IV-VI saukuneebiT aTari-
Rebs (141;174).
2015 wels arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT am Ze-
glze Catarda mciremasStabiani arqeologiuri gaTxrebi. Zeglis
daTariReba moxda aRmoCenili agurebiTa da kramitebiT, romlebic
TavianTi formebiT, zomebiT, feriTa da gamowvis teqnikiT damaxasia-
Tebelia im tipisa da kategoriis arqiteqturul Senoba-nagebobebTan,
romelTa asaki V-VII saukuneebiTaa gansazRvruli, anu egrisis samefos
Zlierebis xaniT.
koordinatebia: 0736958 4691898 0736915 4691918 0736906 4691892

pirveli maisi. `naskalu~

sofel pirvel maisSi, jaxuTis ubanSi, aris adgili, romelsac
adgilobrivi mcxovrebni `naskalus~ eZaxian (zRvis donidan 170 m.),
rac nafutkrals niSnavs. igi biWuna irodis Ze kvikvinias ezos ukan,

116
CrdiloeTiT, daaxloebiT, erTi kilometris daSorebiT, kldovani da
maRali borcvis zeda nawilSi mdebareobs. aqedan kargad Cans yurumu-
lias cixe _ jixa, romelic misgan Crdilo-dasavleTiT, daaxloebiT
ori kilometris daSorebiT aris aRmarTuli. `naskaludan~ agreTve
mosCans Savi zRva, `jegeTa~, saxarbedios, zemo bias, saTanjos mTebi.
misasvleli samxreT-aRmosavleTidan aqvs. Zegli borcvis umaRles
wertilSi mdebareobs, igi warmoadgens Zlier daSlil mrgval nage-
bobas, romlis diametri _ 6 metri, kedlis sisqe ki 80 santimetria.
Zegli nagebia fleTili kirqviTa da kirxsnariT. Crdilo-dasavleTiT
erT metramde simaRlis kedlis naSTia SemorCenili. Sida sivrce
kedlis naSali qvebiT aris amovsebuli.
85 wlis RuRuni kvikvinias TqmiT, Senoba `Turqobis~ dros au-
giaT. dabejiTebiT Znelia nagebobis daniSnulebis Sesaxeb saubari.
vfiqrobT, rom igi sadarajo (sasignalo) koSki unda yofilyo. vinai-
dan es koSki mdebareobs yurumuliasa da maCxomeris cixeebs Soris
mkvlevari nikoloz murRulia SesaZleblad miiCnevs, rom igi IV _ VI
saukuneebiT daTariRdes (141; 175-176).
koordinatebia: 0737294 4693594

xeTa. jegeTamde
jegeTis komplqsis samxreTiT, rvaasi metris daSorebiT, mSrali
wyobiT, naxevrad damuSavebuli kirqvis mozrdili kvadrebiT nagebi
kedlis (yore) naSTebia.
koordinatebia: 0733376 4696658 0733317 4696693

`naberayu~
`naberayu~ urTis mTaze, sofel xamiskuris centridan Crdilo-
aRmosavleTiT, `jegeTidan~ Crdilo dasavleTiT 2-3 kilometrSi
zugdidisa da xobis administraciul sazRvarTan mdebare mTis wvers
ewodeba (zRvis donidan 427 m.). aqedan xelis guliviT moCans ko-
lxeTis dablobi. pirvelad es adgili 2006 wlis 24 agvistos da-
vaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan da arqiteqtor vaxtang
qandariasTan erTad. megzurobas sofel xamisquris mkvidri zaur
kakulia gviwevda. adre aq wiflisa da rcxilis gauvali tye yofila,
axla ki xeebi pirwmindad gauCexavT da jagnari buCqebiTaa dafaruli.
am Zeglze samecniero literaturaSi aranairi informacia ar arse-
bobs. 2011 wels urTis mTaze Catarda sadazvervo arqeologiuri
samuSaoebi. aRniSnuli obieqti daaTvalieres revaz da nana papuaS-
vilebma. mTavari obieqti, mTis wverzea, igi samterasiani qvayrilia.

117
revaz papuaSvilis mier mozadebul angariSSi vkiTxulobT: `amgvari
arqiteqturuli kompleqsi kolxuri ZeglebisTvis unikaluria. is
garkveul saerTos poulobs TrialeTis zeganze cnobil `ciklopur~
namosaxlarebTan. Tumca proporciulad ganlagebuli sami wriuli
`galavani~ mniSvnelovnad ganasxvavebs maTgan~.
mTis wveridan Crdilo-dasavleTiT 100 metris daSorebiT, gala-
vnis kedlebis naSTebia, isini aSenebulia daumuSavebeli kirqvebiT,
uduRabod, kirxsnaris gareSe. SigniT saTavsoebis naSTebicaa. gala-
vnis kedlis naSTebi miuyveba reliefs. SemozRuduli teritoriis
zomebi daaxloebiT 40 X 80 metria.
koordinatebia: qvayriliani mTis wveri 0732733 4698750
galavnis naSTebi 0732659 4698889

xeTa. `kromlexebi~
sofel xeTis CrdiloeTiT, urTis mTaze, revaz papuaSvilis
xelmZRvanelobiT mowyobil sadazvervo xasiaTis eqspediciis dros,
dRemde ucnobi obieqti dafiqsirda. megzurobas gviwevda xeTis mk-
vidri beso baZaRua. revaz papuaSvilis mixedviT: `mocemuli adgili
yuradRebas iqcevs sxvadasxva zomis kirqvebisagan Sedgenili marTku-
Txa da wriuli formis sistemebiT. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mocemuli
farTobis dabal CrdiloeT nawilSi sWarbobs qvis wyobaTa sisteme-
bi, romelTac marTkuTxa forma aqvT da SedarebiT didi zomebisaa,
vidre samxreT amaRlebul nawilSi ganlagebuli SedarebiT momcro
zomis wreze ganlagebuli qvaTa sistemebi anu kromlexebi.
kromlexebi (wriulad ganlagebuli qvebis wyoba) rom xelovnu-
radaa Seqmnili aSkaraa. isini zogjer wyvilad an sameulis saxiTaa
warmodgenili, zogjer ki _ ganmxoloebiTaa. borcvis yvelaze maRal
wertilSi aseve wriulad gamarTuli 15 m. diametris da 1,5 m. simaR-
lis qvayrilia (yorRani?). aravin icis rodis da ra mizniTaa qvaTa
es xelovnuri sistemebi Seqmnili. damaTariRebeli Tixis WurWlis
natexebi an sxva masalisagan damzadebuli sagnebi zedapirulad ar
SeiniSneba.
yorRanuli samarxebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi (garda saCxerisa)
cnobili araa. rac Seexeba kromlexebs isini ukanasknel xanebamde
mxolod eSeraSi (afxazeTi) iyo dadasturebuli da Seswavlili. iq
mopovebuli artefaqtebis safuZvelze gansazRvrulia, rom wreze
ganlagebuli qvebi samarxis mimaniSnebeli iyo da maTi Seqmnis Tari-
Rad Zv. w. meore aTaswleulis dasasruli da pirveli aTaswleulis
sawyisi saukuneebia miCneuli. ukanasknel xans qvaTa amgvari wreebi
xvamlis mTis masivebzec dadasturda. maTi Seswavla axali dawyebulia

118
da bevri ram jer kidev bundovania, aq qvis am wreTa SigniT aRmo-
Cenilia Tixis WurWlisa da qvis iaraRebi. es maT upirobod aniWebs
arqeologiur obieqtTa statuss. winaswari daskvnebiT xvamlis mTis
`kromlexebi~ Cv. w. aR-mde pirveli aTaswleulis pirveli naxevriT
TariRdeba. sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom urTis mTazec xvamlis mTis
msgavsi arqeologiuri obieqti iyos~.
koordinatebia: 0734484 4696710

`menhirebi~ Zvel xibulaSi

2012 wlis martSi kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtebis dasaTva-
liereblad xobis municipalitetis gamgeobis TanamSromel irakli
SoniasTan erTad viyaviT Zvel xibulaSi. saqarcxios ubanSi, erT
ezoSi iraklim vertikalurad dadgmuli lodebi SeamCnia, romlebic
TavianTi formiT Zalian hgavs menhirebs. or vertikalurad aRmar-
Tul lods Soris Tevzis formis lodia horizontalurad Cadgmuli.
Znelia dabejiTebiT mtkiceba, rom isini namdvilad menhirebia, radgan
samegreloSi aseTi ram aqamde ar dafiqsirebula. lodebi simaRliT
daaxloebiT 1.5 metria, erT maTganze svastikaa amoRaruli. isini dgas
biZina zarandias ezos win, gzis gadaRma, misi biZis, varlam zarandias
miwis nakveTSi. aqedan saqarcxios `naoxvamumde~ daaxloebiT 600 me-
tria. ezoSi, sadac lodebia aRmarTuli, patara, xolovnuri tboria
gamarTuli. biZina zarandias ganmartebiT, es lodebi biZamiss, varlam
zarandias moutania misi ezos ukan arsebuli Reledan.
am soflis mkvidr robert WiWikos Ze wurwumias (dabadebuli 1960
wels) cnobiT aRniSnuli lodebi, iqve arsebuli wyalsacavis mowyobis
dros, miwaSi aRmoCenila.
2013 wlis 7 seqtembers zugdidel bakur gogoxiasTan erTad vew-
vieT zugdidSi (wm. ninos quCis N 12) mcxovreb, 1920 wels dabadebul,
konstantine (koki) qarcxias. igi profesiiT agronomia, warmoSobiT _
Zvel xibuleli. aris II msoflio omis monawile, ibrZoda safrangeT-
Si. koki bolo 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi qarcxiebis gvaris `maxvameri~ _
damlocveli, gvaris Tavi iyo. mas ZvelxibulaSi aqvs mamapapiseuli
saxl-kari. roca vkiTxeT saqarcxios lodebis Sesaxeb, man ase gvipa-
suxa: `zarandiefiS woxole WyvenWvi rdu, i qualefi iro rdu, muT
dudi qovSuni, zarandiebis win WanWyobi iyo, is qvebi yovelTvis iyo,
rac Tavi maxsovs~.
SesaZloa es lodebi arafers ar warmoadgendes, magram Tavisi
formidan gamomdinare CavTvaleT dagvefiqsirebina.
koordinatebia: 0744325 4701733

119
 yulevi
sofelSi, saavtomobilo gzasTan, dgas aguris nagebobis ori
kedlis naSTi. mas SecdomiT `jaianis jixas~ eZaxian, `jixa~ idga iq
sadac mdinare civi uerTdeba xobiswyals. am or adgils Soris sak-
maod didi manZilia.
XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi yulevi sanavsadguro qalaqi iyo,
mas redut-kales eZaxdnen. im midamoebSi, sadac dgas zemoT aRniSnuli
aguris kedlebi, qalaqis bazari iyo gamarTuli, nagebobac am perio-
disa aris. profesor Tamaz beraZis mixedviT aqve gverdiT, mdinare
xobiswyalze, samegrelos mTavarma levan V dadianma da quTaiselma
berZenma vaWarma n. metaqsam aaSenes pirveli qarTuli saokeano xo-
maldi 360 tona wyalwyvisa, romelsac `xopis RvTismSobeli~ erqva
(95; 101-104).
koordinatebia: 0719306 4683370

xobelebi patriarqis molodinSi. marcxnidan pirveli

mRvdelmonazoni isaaki enuqiZe. 1989 weli 16 seqtemberi

120
sur. 64. zemo bia. wm. mTavarangelozTa eklesia

sur. 65. Zveli xibulas naeklesiari

sur. 66. jegeTas wm. giorgis eklesia

sur. 67. jegeTas palati

 sur. 68. jegeTis yore-galavani

sur. 69. 70. samSeneblo detalebi jegeTas dasavleT ferdobze

 sur. 71. wm. kvirike `Ceoxvame~

sur. 72. wm. kvirikes sur. 73. wm. kvirikes eklesiis

eklesiis kedeli antefiqsi
sur. 74. wm. Tevdores eklesia. `korcxo~

sur. 75. warwera wm. Tevdores eklesiidan

sur. 76. xeTas wm. mTavarangelozTa eklesia `miqangario~

sur. 77. wm. sofios eklesia

 sur. 78. wm. sofios eklesis CrdiloeTi kedeli

sur. 79. 80. Tixis gvelis Tavi wm. sofios eklesiidan

sur. 81. antefiqsis sur. 82. oqtaviane

fragmenti avgustusis moneta
 sur. 83. jaxuTis cixis galavani

sur. 84. isrispirebi sur. 85. qoTnis fragmentebi

jaxuTis cixidan jaxuTis namosaxlaridan
 IV naeklesiarebi
naeklesiarebs vuwodebT adgilebs, sadac adre idga eklesiebi da
sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis pirvel wlebSi antireligiuri kam-
paniis dros ganadgurda. maTi umravlesoba soflebis sasaflaoebze
mdebareobs. dReisaTvis zogierT naeklesiaris adgilze saflavebia.
sadac ki adgili Tavisufalia, soflis mosaxleobam TiTqmis yvelgan
jvari aRmarTa da cdilobs naeklesiarebze aRadginos taZrebi. nae-
klesiarebs Zalian frTxilad unda movekidoT, radgan JamTa svlisa
da rigi mizezebis gamo, aseT adgilebSi siwmindeebi xSirad miwis
feniT aris dafaruli. jer kidev vaxuSti batoniSvilma SeniSna, rom
pirveli eklesiebi warmarTuli xanis salocavebis adgilze aSenda
(33; 25).
xSirad naeklesiarebze vxvdebiT sxvadasxva periodis kultu-
rul fenebs. sofel gurifulis sasaflaoze mdebare wm. kvirikesa da
ivlitas nataZralidan Cven movipoveT Zv.w. aR-is VIII-VII saukuneebis
Zvelkolxuri Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da adreqristianuli xanis
kramitebi, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom, SesaZloa, Sesabamis periodSi aq,
kramitiT gadaxuruli eklesia mdgariyo.
sofel sajijaoSi, zenis ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis nae-
klesiarze daigegma axali eklesiis ageba. samSeneblo moednis momza-
debisas, rodesac gadaiwminda balaxiani fena, gamoCnda nataZralis
saZirkveli da aguris iatakis fragmentebi.
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi akaki Wanturias fondSi dacul
1929 wlis 27 ianvriT daTariRebul werilSi xorgis Temis rwmune-
buli gerasime mircxulava akaki Wanturias wers, rom `TemSi sdgas
ori cacxvis xe, daaxloebiT orasi wlisaze metis xnis, fuRuroiani.
fuRuro qoxiseburia 2 kv. arSinis moedniT, cacxvebi sdgas SedarebiT
maRlob adgilze (iq moedania). xalxs axlac, umetesad moxucebs, es
xeebi miaCnia RvTaebad, romelic hkurnavs viTomda Tvalis sneule-
bidan adamians. amitomac yovelwliv iq hgodeben, am bolo dromde,
Taflis sanTlidan gakeTebul Tvalis saxeebs `misaronis cacxoo~
mimarTavda xalxi TxovniT am xeebs~ (113; 1187). es unda iyos adgili
pirvel xorgaSi, iq, sadac misaronis wm. giorgis eklesia idga.
yvelgan, sadac nataZralebia, axali taZrebis mSeneblobis dawye-
bis win, arqeologiuri kvlevebi unda Catardes. amas kanonic moiTxo-
vs da Cvenc ar gavxdebiT siZveleebis dazianebis mizezi.
xobis municipalitetis teritoriaze davafiqsireT 32 naeklesia-
ri. Waladidis sakrebulos sofel saRvamiCaos wm. giorgis naeklesia-
ri Zvel kolxur namosaxlarze mdebareobs, amave sakrebulos sofel
saqorqios wm. giorgis naeklesiari, romelic amJamad praqtikulad

121
gauqmebuli sasaflaoa, Tavisi formiTa da aRnagobiT Zalian waagavs
Zvelkolxur namosaxlars `dixaguZubas~. sxvadasxva wyaroebidan vi-
ciT, rom yulevSi me-19 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi funqcionirebda
wm. elenes saxelobis eklesia, xolo gaRma sajijaoSi ori taZari wm.
giorgis saxelobisa, ver SevZeliT wm. elenes da erTi wm. giorgis,
aseve patara foTis RvTismSoblis eklesiebis adgilsamyofelis dad-
gena (58; f. 2, s.60, f. 100).
qalbaton lili beraias mier gamoqveynebuli masalebis mixedviT
zugdidis muzeumSi daculia xati saCijaos wm giorgis eklesiidan,
saCijao dRevandel sofel gaRma sajijaoa, romelic Sedis saji-
jaos administraciul erTeulSi. xati yofila Weduri, vercxlis
mooqroulia, zomiT 33 X 38 sm. centrSi warmodgenilia wm. giorgi,
cxenze amxedrebuli, romelic SubiT klavs gveleSaps, aqvs mxedruli
ganmartebiTi warwera w˜a g˜i. CarCos arSia foTlovani ornamentiTaa
damSvenebuli. xati daTariRebulia 1850 wliT. xatis zurgze moTa-
vsebulia warwera: `drosa mTavrobasa daviT leonis Zis dadianisa,
xolo mRvdelmTavrobasa Wyondidel antoni meoresa dadianovisasa,
gavaWedineT xati ese Seni, dido mTav(a)rm(o)wameo giorgi, Cven cva-
farvaTa S(in)a Sendami mondobilman saCijaos soflis mcxovrebTa
erTobiT mrevlman Senisa taZrisaman SeerTebiTa raodenisame Cvenisa
safasiTa Sem(o)savalTa SenTa T(a)na saoxad da gansaZliereblad Cven
mosavsaTvis SenTa, Cyns welsa aprils~ (138; 39).
zugdidis muzeumSivea daculi miqael da gabriel mTavarange-
lozTa xati xorgis mTavarangelozTa saxelobis eklesiidan da xati
wm. giorgisa xamiskuridan. xorgis xati Weduria, vercxlis, mooqrovi-
li, zomiT 28.7 X 23.4 sm. mTel fonze gamosaxulia mTavarangelozebi,
erT xelSi sfero uWiravs, meoreSi ki _ foToli. CarCos amSvenebs
sada, foTlovani ornamenti, zeda arSiaze sami Tvali uzis. TariR-
deba 1856 wliT. mis zurgze weria: `zesTa naTelTa da TvalT Seud-
gamisa RmerTmTavrisa winaSe mdgomareno mTavarangelozno mixail da
gabriel, uxorcoTa maT zecisa ZalTa mTavarno Cven mosauman Tqvenma
da cva-farvaTa mindobilma samengrelos soflis xorgas mcxovrebma
aznaurma lifonavebman daviTis Zeebma iese, rosTom da levanma mo-
vaWedineT xati saxisa Tqvenisa saoxad mamisa Cvenis sulisa da Cvenda
sacxourebelad da SvilTa CvenTa aRsazrdelad da davasveneT Cvens
sasaflao mTavarangelozebis eklesiazed Cynv-sa welsa ag(vi)st(o)
sa amomyvani saxisa amis Tqvenisa aznauri gigo? meunargia damiceu
orTave Sina cxourebaTa~(138; 39). lifonavebi Sua xorgaSi, mdinare
xobiswylis marjvena mxares dResac cxovroben. maTi sasaflao da
Sesabamisad eklesiac iqve Suaxorgis administraciuli Senobis win
mdebare sasaflaoze, unda mdgariyo.

122
 xamiskurSi, soflis sasaflaoze, mdebareobda eklesia, romelsac
`nawarus~ wm. giorgis eklesias uwodebdnen. 1898 wlis 12 noembris
gazeT `cnobis furcelSi~ am salocavis Sesaxeb dabeWdilia werili
(16; 103), romlis mixedviT am taZarSi yofila dasvenebuli `jegeTas~
wm. giorgis xati. es xati qalbaton lili beraias cnobiT zugdidis
muzeumSia daculi: masze wm. giorgia gamosaxuli SubiT xelSi, ro-
melsac jvari agvirgvinebs. xati Weduria, vercxlisa, mooqrouli,
zomiT 35 X 26 sm. CarCos arSia yvavilovani ornamentiTaa moxatuli,
Semkulia eqvsi didi qviT. l. beraia xats XIX saukuniT aTariRebs.
ukana mxares aqvs warwera: `wminda georgi erTabis eklesia kukefiSi
yofila ukunisamdis. naTazoryaTi kukava~(138; 40).
sainteresoa rom am eklesiis mrevlis wevrebs niko jubuias Ze,
antoni utuias Ze, zosime jaTalas Ze, aleqsi totias Ze, artem Ta-
nafias Ze, sebi Caguias Ze kukavebs da zosime iordanes Ze kakulias
zugdidis samazro aRmaskomisTvis miumarTavT _ `...Tqvens pirvel
mobrZanebazed (gulisxmoben bolSevikebs da wiTel armias. g.C.) Cveni
eklesia da misi morTuloba da qoneba damwvari Tqveni zarbaznebis
tyviebiT 1921 welSi 29 martSi, Cven viTxoveT zarali, TbilisSi
filipe maxaraZesTan da pasuxi ar migviRia...~(58; f. 2, s. 60, f. 157).
axali xibulaSi `saRurwkaios~ sasaflaos naeklesiarTan dgas
Zalian lamazi da ucnauri varjis mqone Wadari, iqve dakrZalulia
maia giorgis asuli dadiani.
mogvyavs amJamindeli xobis municipalitetis teritoriaze arse-
buli naeklesiarebis sia, romelic Sedgenilia saeklesio-metrikuli
Canawerebisa da saarqivo masalis safuZvelze.

naeklesiarebis saxelwodeba da koordinatebi

1. axali xibulis _ zubis wm. giorgis 0256148 4699670
2. axali xibulis _ gaSferdis macxovris 0255470 4703041
3. ax.xibulis _ saRurwkaios RvTismSoblis 0745981 4702649
4. Zveli xibulis wm. mTavarangelozTa 0745047 4703591
5. qveda biis macxovris 0741139 4692512
6. gurifulis wm. kvirikesa da ivlitas 0737809 4686591
7. dRvabis wm. mTavarangelozTa 0725323 4692918
8. I. qvalonis (Sua) wm. giorgis 0744171 4685127
9. II. qvalonis (qvemo) wm. giorgis 0743225 4681399
10. nojixevis wm. mTavarangelozTa 0743256 4690002
11. patara foTis wm. giorgis 0728132 4673435
12. patara foTis RvTismSoblis

123
 13. xeTis (pirveli maisi) _ sakvikvinios wm. sofios 0735883
4693007
14. sagviCios _ wm. mTavarangelozTa? 07382684675017
15. sajijaos _ japiSaqris wm. giorgis 07448804699220
16. sajijaos _ zenis ioane naTlismcemlis 07457484695821
17. gaRma sajijaos wm. giorgis 02551214694580
18. gaRma sajijaos wm. giorgis
19. xamisquri _ `nalangeris~ (xeTis II) wm. mTavarangelozTa
0731631 4696221
20. xamiskuri(xeTis) _ `nawarus~ wm. giorgis 0730714 4697783
21. Waladidis saRvamiCaos wm. giorgis 0733836 4676357
22. Waladidis saWoWuos wm. mTavarangelozTa 0729559 4677196
23. Waladidis saqorqios wm. giorgis 0729251 4675638
24. I xorgis misaronis wm. giorgis 0734856 4684393
25. xorgis wm. giorgis (axali soflis) 0734515 4684083
26. Sua xorgis mTavarangelozebis 0731869 4682880
27. IV Sua xorgis jvarcmis (vnebis) 0731466 4682627
28. qariatis (II xorgis) paluris wm. giorgis 0725040 4682988
29. qariatis RvTismSoblis 0728534 4683014
30. yulevis wm. nikolozis 0719231 4683306
31. yulevis wm. elenes saxelobis berZnebis eklesia

124
 V saflavis qvebi
CvenTan arsebuli saflavis qvebis umravlesoba kirqvisgan aris
gamoTlili, maTi forma sadaa da Sinaarsiani ornamentebiT damSve-
nebuli. Zalian xSiria vazis foTolwnulebi da yurZnis mtevnis ga-
mosaxulebiani CuqurTmebi. Cvens mier moZiebuli saflavis qvebi XIX
da XX saukunis damdegisaa. CvenSi, rogorc wesi, adreqristianuli
Zeglebis umravlesoba miwis qveSaa moqceuli, momavali arqeologiu-
ri gamokvlevebi bevr saintereso saflavis qvasac gamoavlens.
saflavis lodebis umravlesobas marTkuTxedis forma aqvs, maT-
gan gansxvavebiT, sofel xamisquris `nawarus~ sasaflaoze, ramdenime
qva-jvari dgas.
sainteresoa sajijaos `zenis sasaflaos~ lodi, romelzedac
adamiania reliefurad gamosaxuli.
yvelasgan gansxvavebulia kuTxe nojixevis sasaflaoze arsebuli
mRvdel gabriel siWinavas samudamo gansasvenebelze dadgmuli qvis
patara sveti, romlis simaRle _ 121, gverdebis sigane _ 27 santime-
tria. erT gverdze mxedruli warweraa, sadac weria, rom mRvdeli
gabrieli 1869 wels gardaicvala, or gverdze jvrebia gamosaxuli,
meoTxe gverdze ki religiuri Tematikis ornamentebia: angelozi,
barZimi... svetis TavsarTis oTxive gverdze sanTlis alia gamosaxuli,
rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom ostatma sveti anTebuli sanTlis simbolod
gaiazra.
saflavis qvebi kulturuli memkvidreobis nawilia da mas unda
gavufrTxildeT.

125
 VI muzeumebi

xobis (xeTis) sabrZolo didebisa da mxareTmcodneobis

muzeumi
sofel xeTaSi, senaki-zug-
didis rkinigzis monakveTis mar-
jvena mxares, wminda mTavaran-
gelozTa eklesiisken mimaval
gzaze mdebareobs xobis `sabr-
Zolo didebisa da mxareTmcod-
neobis muzeumi~ (sur. 108).
II msoflio omis dros qerC-
Si daRupuli amiran latarias
dedam, qalbatonma lizam Tavi-
si saxl-kari muzeumis mosawyo-
bad saxelmwifos gadasca. raio-
nis maSindeli xelmZRvanelis
nugzar nadaraias TavkacobiT
daiwyo samuzeumo kompleqsis
nugzar nadaraia mSenebloba. proeqtis avtoria
arqiteqtori mixeil (soso) qo-
balia, mSeneblobas xelmZRvanelobda geno torCinava, samuSaoebs awar-
moebda londer alania. mSeneblobis procesSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli
raionis moswavle-axalgazrdoba Temur kakulias TaosnobiT.
muzeumi 1985 wlis 19 maiss gaixsna. igi Sedgeba aguriTa da kir-
qviT nagebi Senobisa, II msoflio omSi daRupuli amiran latarias
oda-saxlisa da Teatronisagan, romelic xuTi aTasamde kacs itevs.
ezos centrSi, ukana mxares, xelovnuri borcvia, romelsac `xsovnis
kunZuli~ hqvia, mis centrSi dakrZalulni arian deda-Svili liza da
meore msoflio omSi daRupuli da qerCidan Camosvenebuli amiran
latariebi. irgvliv raionis soflebis raodenobis Sesabamisi lo-
debi awyvia, romlebic simbolurad am soflebidan II msoflio omSi
daRupulTa xsovnas eZRvneba. borcvis zeda mxares avRaneTis omSi
daRupuli Cveni Tanaraionelebis simboluri saflavebia.
1995 wlamde muzeumi memorialuri tipisa iyo, Semdgom igi ga-
dakeTda `mxareTmcodneobisa da sabrZolo didebis~ muzeumad, sadac
gamofenilia saintereso masala, romelic asaxavs Cveni xalxis war-
suls uZvelesi droidan dRemde. aq daculi eqsponatebis qronolo-
gia moicavs sazogadoebis ganviTarebis yvela periods. masalebSi,
adgilobrivTan erTad warmodgenilia importulic (berZnuli) (sur.

126
109. 110). sainteresoa muzeumSi daculi erT-erTi uZvelesi mone-
tis, kolxuri TeTris istoria: XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis damdegs,
xeTis Temis sofel winagolaSi, Zvelkolxur namosaxlarTan axlos,
adgilobriv mcxovreblebs, miwis damuSavebis dros upovniaT ganZi:
monetebiT savse Tixis qoTani. samwuxarod es aRmoCena maSindeli
xelisuflebisa da samecniero sazogadoebis yuradRebis miRma darCe-
nila da ganZic gafantula. xeTis muzeumSi daculi kolxuri TeTrebi
swored im ganZidan aris SemorCenili.
muzeumis erT sagamofeno darbazSi warmodgenilia XIX _ XX
saukuneebis eTnografiuli masala: romelic asaxavs Cveni xalxis
yofa-cxovrebas, sameurneo saqmianobas: miwaTmoqmedebas, xelosno-
bas, nadirobas, Tevzaobas... gamofenilia kaJis Tofebi, romelTagan
Zalian sainteresoa grigol dadianiseuli Tofis piri. muzeumSi
warmodgenilia adgilobrivi warmomavlobis sazogado moRvaweebis
Tedo saxokias, pier da badri kobaxiZeebis, pedagog grigol kobaxi-
Zis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebuli nivTebi, maT Soris
Tedo saxokias niRabi (157).
koordinatebia: 0734418 4693618

xobis Zuku loluas saxelobis qarTuli xalxuri simReris

muzeumi (samegrelo)
2007 wlis 2 ivniss parlamentarma goderZi bukiam xobSi xobSi
Zuku loluas saxelobis qarTuli xalxuri simReris muzeumi daa-
fuZna. gamosca megruli xalxuri simRerebis sanoto wignebi. aq me-
gruli xalxur simRerebTan dakavSirebuli SesaniSnavi eqsponatebia
Tavmoyrili. muzeumis mizania megruli xalxuri simRerebis moZieba
da popularizacia (sur. 111).
koordinatebia: 0738454 4689718

saxl-muzeumebi
sofel pirvel xorgaSi mdebareobs poet alio mircxulavas (ma-
SaSvili) saxl-muzeumi.
sofel Zvel xibulaSi aris saxli, sadac Tavisi cxovrebis bolo
wuTebi gaatara saqarTvelos pirvelma prezidentma zviad gamsaxur-
diam. misi saxelobis memorialuri muzeumis mowyobis mizniT es saxli
sazogadoebis erTma jgufma Seisyida.

127
 VII arqeologiuri obieqtebi
xobis municipaliteti kolxeTis baris zRvispira zolis Sua-
gulSi mdebareobs, mecnierebis mier am zolSi moiazreba uZvelesi
kolxuri qalaqi fazisi, cxadia es regioni kolxuri kulturis
Casaxvisa da ganviTarebis erTerT mniSvnelovan centrs warmoad-
genda. me-20 saukunis 30-ian wlebSi arqeologebis mier pirvelad
Seswavlil iqna kolxuri kulturis Zeglebi qvalonis `naoxvamu~
da anakliis `dixaguZuba~ zugdidis raionSi (143; 32. 144; 3). Semd-
gom _ WaladidSi, yulevSi, Torsa-dRvabaSi, xobis monasterSi war-
moebulma arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegebma mecnierTa da farTo
sazogadoebis yuradReba miiqcia. Sedegebi Zalian STambeWdavia da
maTi gaTvaliswinebis gareSe warmoudgenelia Cveni qveynis warsu-
lis gaazreba. Cvens mier mravali arqeologiuri Zegli da am niSnis
mqone obieqti iqna fiqsirebuli. bunebrivi pirobebidan gamomdinare
gansakuTrebiT rTulia mdinareebs rionsa da fiCors, rionsa da
xobiswyals, Wuriasa da xobiswyals Soris mdebare Waobian teri-
toriebze arsebuli arqeologiuri obieqtebis Seswavla. aq bevrgan
fiqsirdeba SemaRlebuli adgilebi, romlebzedac XIX da XX sauku-
neebis I naxevarSi `mejogeebs~ _ mwyemsebs droebiTi sacxovreblebi
megrulad `kareebi~ _ hqondaT mowyobili. aseTi mindvrebi ara yo-
velTvis, magram xSir SemTxvevaSi Zvel namosaxlarebs warmoadgens.
yofila SemTxveva, rodesac Zveli namosaxlari sruliad SemTxveviT
torfis fenis qveS dafiqsirebula (143; 23). bolo aTaswleulebSi
kolxeTis barSi ekogaremo bevrjer Seicvala, rac arqeologiuri
Zeglebis Seswavlisas gasaTvaliwinebelia, am sakiTxs eZRvneba revaz
da ioseb papuaSvilebis wigni: `Savi zRvis paleoreJimi da misi ga-
vlena kolxeTis dablobis dasaxlebebze (Zv, w. III_I aTaswleulebSi)~
(143). Cveni regionis Seswavlisas mkvlevarma unda naxos sabWoTa
periodis topografiuli rukebi, vinaidan masze moniSnulia yvela
SemaRleba da Sesabamisad mwyemsebis nadgomi adgilebi. samwuxarod
Cven mxolod mcire nawilis naxva movaxerxeT.
Zalian sainteresoa mdinareebs xobiswyalsa da jums Soris moq-
ceuli urTas mTa-borcvebi. im Zeglebs garda, romlebic fiqsirebu-
lia da cnobilia sazogadoebisaTvis, XIX saukunis meore naxevrisa da
XX saukunis damdegis presis masalebidan Cans, rom aq sxva, dReisaT-
vis CvenTvis ucnobi Zeglebic yofila, romelTac Cven ver mivageniT,
an waSlilia JamTa viTarebis gasvlis gamo (16; 54, 103, 152, 176). urTa
sainteresoa geografebisTvisac _ aq mravali gamoqvabuli, mRvime da
karstuli tbebia. Cvens mier akrefil iqna ganmarxebuli sxeulebisa
da gaqvavebuli xeebis fragmentebi.

128
 bias mTa-borcvebisa da xibulis maRlobze, sadac ori didi mdi-
nare xobiswyali da Waniswyali gaedineba savaraudod kidev mravali
Zeglis aRmoCenaa mosalodneli.
siZveleebiT mdidar qveyanaSi bunebrivia adgili aqvs SemTxveviT
aRmoCenebs: 1913 wels quTaisis saistorio da saeTnografio sazoga-
doebisaTvis ivaka giorgis Ze jorjikias (nojixevi) Seuwiravs miwaSi
napovni rkinis Subis piri, xmali da culi (145; 113);
1915 wlis gazeT `saxalxo furceli~ gvamcnobs, rom yurumulias
jixas-cixis nangrevebSi upovniaT brinjaos iaraRebi (16; 176);
revaz papuaSvilis mixedviT zugdidis muzeumisaTvis Caubare-
biaT (146; 8-9-12): `andro da porfile kukavebs 1923 wlis 18 ivliss _
saomari najaxi brinjaosi. 1 cali., arqeologiuri nimuSebi talis 10
cali., najaxi rkinis 1 c. arqeologiuri nimuSebi nanaxia sof. xeTaSi
da paleontologiuri Segrovilia urTis mTaSi; 1925 wlis 18 marts
andro kukavas _ paleontologiuri nimuSebi 60 c., arqeologiuri
nimuSebi 5 c., 5 ivliss andro kukavas _ arqeologiuri nimuSebi 3 c.,
paleontologiuri 43 c., mineralogiuri 26 c., sof. xeTa mTa urTa.,
15 oqtombers andro kukavas _ arqeologiuri nimuSebi, isrisTavebi
rkinis 2 c. sakveri rkinis 1 c.~.
XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi sofel qariataSi mdinare xobiswylis
marjvena napirze beriSvilebis saflavis Wrisas unaxavT monetebi,
romelTa didi nawili gafantula, aqedan 22 cali osmaluri wvrili
moneta gadmogvca pedagogma sofio (sonia) gorovenkom.
koordinatebia: 0728534 4683014
biaSi `saSonio-TuTberiZeebis~ ubanSi XX saukunis 90-iani wlebis
dasawyisSi gogi Soniam ipova kaJis Subispiri (sur. 95.).
adgilis kordinatebia: 0741760 4694080
xobis yofili sabWoTa meurneobis administraciuli Senobebis
midamoebSi Cais plantaciebi iyo, erTgan dgas betonis blokebiT age-
buli patara Senoba, e.w Cais sawoni punqti, romlis ukan XX saukunis
90-iani wlebis bolos xobelma goCa naWyebiam ipova kolxuri culi
romelic Zveli eriT II-I aTaswleulebis mijniT TariRdeba (sur. 98).
kordinatebia: 0738003 4689586
2007 wels sofel xeTaSi wm. mTavarangelozTa saxelobis ekle-
siis samxreT aRmosavleTiT 20-iode metrSi tragikulad daRupuli
amave soflis gamgeblis gela Sanavas saflavis gaWris dros brijaos
grifoni aRmoCnda, romelic gela Sanavas ojaxma gadmogvca (sur. 90).
2008 wels sofel gaRma sajijaoSi givi (gigo) Wanturiam Tavis
ezoSi xvnisas ipova kargad damuSavebuli kaJis Subispiri (sur. 95).
koordinatebia: 0255345 4694955

129
 2008 wels sofel pirvel maisSi wm. sofios eklesiis galavnis
gareT, SesasvlelTan marcxniv nagebobis nangrevebTan adgilobriv
mkvidrs zviad gergaias upovnia Tixis gvelis Tavi, romelic raRac
nakeTobis fragmens warmoadgens, es nivTi gadmogvca zviadis Zmam
xobis kulturis centris muSakma _ qoreografma koba gergaiam (sur.
79. 80).
2013 wels nojixevelma merab araCemiam gadmogvca sakuTar ezoSi
napovni brinjaos samajuri, romelic arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis
mier daTariRda Zv. w. IV saukuniT (sur. 102).
koordinatebia: 0740537 4690502
2013 wels Waladidelma zolin gabelaiam, romelic wlebis gan-
mavlobaSi monawileobda arqeologiur eqspediciebSi, gadmogvca:
1. II _ VI saukuneebis kolxuri welSezneqili amfora, romelic mdi-
nare rionis marcxena napirze saqorqios midamoebSi mwyemss axmed
kvaracxelias upovnia (sur. 109); 2. momrgvalebul Ziriani amforis
qveda nawili, romelic Waladidel gia talaxaZes upovnia saqorqios
sasaflaos aRmosavleTiT 400-500 metris daSorebiT; 3. kirqvis qan-
dakebis Tavi, romelic ar aris dasrulebuli, ucnobia warmomavloba
da aRmoCenis adgili.
bolo wlebSi mdinare xobiswylisa da Waniswylis SesarTavidan
rkinigzis xids Soris napovnia brinjaos iaraRebi: Wixus platos ZirSi
mdinare xobiswylis marjvena napirze nojixevelma jemal gabravam
Zvel kolxuri brinjaos satevari, mdinaris sapirispiro mxares yo-
fili satyeo meurneobis ukan nojixevelma meqi Toduam brinjaos
culi, xobelma daTo gergaiam brinjaos satevari, xolo Suaxorgelma
nomadi alaniam inertul samSeneblo masalaSi brinjaos culi ipoves
(sur. 96. 97).
2015 wels sofel Sua xorgaSi xviCa da qarTlos
jobavas ojaxSi Cvens mier fiqsirebul iqna jobave-
bis gvaris cxenis damRa, igi ar aris Setanili sergi
makalaTias mier gamoqveynebul samegreloSi gavr-
celebul cxenis damRebis siaSi (134;196-200).
2015 wels nojixevelma goga jorjikiam Tavis
yanaSi muSaobisas ipova ori brinjaos rgoli.
koordinatebia: 0743239 4689619
2017 wels nojixevelma denis besikis Ze iosavam axalsofelSi
mdinare xobiswylis marcxena napirze inertuli masalebis karierze
ipova rkinis Subispiri.
gvinda SevniSnoT, rom rodesac kulturuli memvidreobis aseu-
lobiT obieqts, Tanac bevr maTgans mravaljer daaTvaliereb, uamrav

130
arqeologiur masalas miwis zedapirzeve ipovi, zogierTi maTgani Za-
lian mniSvnelovnad geCveneba, zogierTi naklebad, Cven ganurCevlad
avkrifeT isini da xobis (xeTis) sabrZolo didebisa da mxareTmcod-
neobis muzeums mivabareT.
muSaobis procesSi bevri SekiTxva dagrovda. yvela maTganze ver
visaubrebT. gamomdinare iqidan, rom nojixevSi (adgilze, romlis
koordinatia 0740628 4690794) Zv. w. VI _ V saukunis qvevris pirze wreSi
Caxatuli jvris damRebia gamosaxuli, damRis gverdiT kargad ikiTxe-
ba berZnuli aso `miu~ _ M; yulevSi md. xobiswylis marjvena napirze
(dRes terminalis saporto akvatoriaa) Cvens mier napovn qoTnis piris
qvemoT aseve ikiTxeba berZnuli aso `miu~ _ M; gagviCnda SekiTxva: xom
ar aris rame kavSiri zemoT dasaxelebul aso niSnebsa da zogierT
kolxur TeTrze gamosaxul `miu~ _ M aso niSans Soris? xom ar arian
isini saerTo Sinaarsisa da mniSvnelobis matarebelni (147; 18).
xobis municipalitetis teritoriaze aRmoCenili arqeologiuri
masala daculia xobis (xeTis), Tbilisis, zugdidis, foTisa da qu-
Taisis muzeumebSi.
qvemoT gTavazobT Cven mier fiqsirebul arqeologiur da arqeo-
logiuri niSnis mqone obieqtebis CamonaTvals mokle aRwerilobebiTa
da geografiuli koordinatebiT:

xobis monastris ezoSi aRmoCnda Zv. w. aR-is VIII-VII saukuneebis

namosaxlarebi: koordinatebia:
0739403 4691099 0739396 4691081

sofel nojixevi biis borcv-gorakebis samxreT kalTebzea Sefe-

nili, am borcv-gorakebis dasawyisSi md. xobiswylis marcxena mxares
xobis cnobili monasteri mdebareobs. 2008 wlis 28 agvistos _ maria-
mobas monastris ezoSi antikuri xanis kolxuri namosaxlebi dafi-
qsirda, igi gamovlinda monastris Sida misasvleli gzis saremonto
samuSaoebis procesSi, romlis drosac Zegli nawilobriv dazianda, es
faqti kidev erTxel adasturebs im WeSmaritebas, rom istoriuli Ze-
glebis siaxloves aranairi miwis samuSaoebis Catareba ar SeiZleba, vi-
dre ar moxdeba mocemuli teritoriebis Seswavla arqeologebis mier.
aRniSnuli Zegli Seswavlil iqna arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis mier da
igi aRmoCnda Cv. eramde VIII-VII saukuneebis kolxuri namosaxlari, aq
aRmoCenili artefaqtebi miuTiTebs, rom monastris teritoriaze da
mTlianad im borcvze, romelzedac igi mdebareobs cxovreba uxsovari
droidan Cqefda da dResac grZeldeba (sur. 39. 93.).
koordinatebia: 0739403 4691100 0739398 4691077 0739329 4691012
0739295 4690984 0739281 4690983

131
 xobis monastris aRmosavleTiT erTi kilometris daSorebiT aris
lamazi borcvi (zRvis donidan 128 m.), mis ferdobze XX saukunis I
naxevarSi ucxovria cica wereTels da amitomac am borcvs `cicas
goras~ eZaxian. mis wverze amJamad rkinis jvaria aRmarTuli, borcvis
wverzec da ferdobebzec SeiniSneba antikuri da gviandeli periodis
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia: 0740592 4691069

nojixevSi, `cicas goras~ samxreTiT 300 metris daSorebiT borc-

vis (borcvs `ivakas golas~ _ ivakas mTas uwodeben) Tavze davakebaa,
sadac naSalSi SeiniSneba Cvens eramde IV-III saukunis Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi da baTqaSebi, aqve mis zedapirTan axlos ferdobze no-
jixevelma giga kitiam ipova mozrdili qvevris fragmentebi, romlis
pirze dabeWdilia wreSi Caxatuli jvari (sur. 106). 2012 wels es
adgili daaTvalieres arqeologebma revaz da nana papuaSvilebma. am
obieqtis Sesaxeb maTi azri aseTia: ...dadasturda cecxlis zemoqme-
debiT gawiTlebuli da gamkvrivebuli Tixebi da cecxlisganve fer-
Secvlili qvebis garkveuli wyoba. specialuri gaTxrebis Catarebis
gareSe Znelia raimes mtkiceba, magram misi mdebareoba da iqve arse-
buli specifikuri cecxlgamZle Tixebi SesaZlebels xdis aq liTon-
sadnobi quris arseboba vivaraudoT~. am Zeglis Sesaxeb informacia
momawoda nojixevelma vitali cimintiam. aqedan samxreTiT 300 metris
daSorebiT merab araCemiam Tavis ezoSi ipova Cvens eramde IV saukunis
brinjaos samajuri (sur. 102).
koordinatebia: qvevri 0740628 4690794 samajuri 0740537 4690502

nojixevis boloSi kuTxenojixevis sasaflaos aRmosavleTiT uvlis

Rele, romlis gaRma sakmaod vrceli borcvia, adre aq Cais plantaciebi
iyo gaSenebuli, am borcvs `saberios eZaxian, mis ferdobze Relis pire-
bze CamonaSalebSi SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia: 0743368 4689980

kuTxenojixevis sasaflaodan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT erTi kilo-

metris daSorebiT borcvis wverze Sua saukuneebis cixis _ `jixis~
naSTebia, aqve yofila adgili, romelsac `naoxvamus~ eZaxian, samwu-
xarod adgilobrivma mcxovreblebma es adgili zustad ver miCvenes,
jixis irgvliv aranakleb xuTasi metris radiusSi _ velze, ferdobeb-
ze, flateebSi, naSalSi SeiniSneba adreantikuri xanis Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi da baTqaSebi, am Zeglis Sesaxeb informacia mogvawoda
adgilobrivma mkvidrma badri sixaruliam. aqve aRmoCnda Cv. eramde V
saukunis atikuri Savlakiani WurWlis fragmenti. es adgilebi daTva-
lierebuli aqvs arqeolog revaz papuaSvils. jixas CrdiloeTiT da

132
CrdiloeT-aRmosavleTiT aris adgilebi romelTac qvia _ `bJaleTi~
da `ouSkure~, prveli niSnavs mzianeTs, meore vaSlian adgils, am ad-
gilebSic naSalebSi SeiniSneba baTqaSebi, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi.
teritoria sakmaod didia da amitom `jixis~ samxreTiT daaxloebiT
Sua adgilze, sadac didi raodenobiT SevniSneT arqeologiuri masala
satelituri xelsawyoTi ori wertili davafiqsireT:
koordinatebia: 0744222 4690618 0744202 4690451

sofel nojixevSi xobi senakis rkinigzis magistralis marjvena

mxares, xobis sadguridan daaxloebiT 2300 metris daSorebiT yanaSi
SeimCneva ori mrgvali SemaRleba, romelic Zalian waagavs xelovnur
miwazvinuls `dixaguZubas~. aq mcire Tixis WurWlis fragmentebiRa
vnaxeT. koordinatebia 0742770 4688619

qalaqi xobi municipalitetis centrs warmoadgens, igi Tbilisi-

dan 300km-iT aris daSorebuli. profesor paata cxadaias mixedviT
xobi Zvelad erqva sofels, romelic xobis cnobil monasterTan mde-
bareobda da Sedioda nojixevis TemSi. xobis Zveli saxelwodeba iyo
xofi, xolo XIX saukuneSi xopi. im adgils, sadac gaSenebulia qalaqi
xobi, adre aq arsebuli `oxarCaleRalus~ mixedviT `oxarCale~ erqva,
rac Cxriala Reles niSnavs (136;20). aq XIX saukunis Sua xanebSi gau-
yvaniaT gza da gauSenebiaT `axali xobi~. xobis midamoebSi ramdenime
arqeologiuri Zeglia.
xobis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis yofili sofeli Wixu, romelsac
rkinigza or nawilad yofs _ I da II Wixud.
rkinigzis qvemoT I WixuSi gamsaxurdias quCis bolos aris xelo-
vnuri SemaRleba, romelsac `dixaguZubas~ eZaxian, misi simaRle 1,5 me-
tria, xolo diamentri 40 metramde, mas irgvliv ori naarxlari uvlis,
TviT dixaguZubaze da mis irgvliv ramdenime Txmelis xe aris amosuli.
misgan samxreTiT ociode metrSi wyaro _ `wyu~ yofila, romelsac `fa-
Sus wyu~ erqva, amJamad damSralia. vizualurad SeiniSneba baTqaSebi
da Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. Zegli sxvadasxva dros daaTvalieres
arqeologebma: guram grigoliam, revaz papuaSvilma, vaxtang jafari-
Zem, joni afaqiZem, SoTa iremaSvilma. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, es
adgili Sedioda kolxeTis sabWoTa meurneobis SemadgenlobaSi, iyo
gegma, rom igi saxnavebad _ sferul (ovalur) kvlevad gadaeqciaT, rac
ueWvelad gaanadgurebda am Zegls. am quCis mcxovreblebma II msoflio
omis veteranis mixeil soselias TaosnobiT didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia
meurneobis administaracias da saZovris saWiroebis moTxovniT `dixa-
guZuba~ da misi Semogareni xeluxleblad SeinarCunes.
kordinatebia: 0736683 4689454

133
 Wixus `dixaguZubis~ samxreT-dasavleTiT yofili kolxeTis sa-
bWoTa meurneobis yanebSi, romlebic xobelebs megona sanaiasa da koba
TuTberiZes ekuTvniT SeiniSneba didi raodenobiT baTqaSebi, Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi.
kordinatebia: 0736467 4689113

Wixus `dixaguZubis~ samxreT-dasavleTiT 1200 metris daSorebiT

yofili kolxeTis sabWoTa meurneobis teritoriaze arsebul yanebSi,
romelic amJamad ar ixvneba, adre XX saukunis I naxevarSi gauvali
tye yofila, aq im saukunis damdegs sofel abasTumnidan Camosulan
gabisoniebi, romlebsac mSrali, SedarebiT maRali adgili SeurCeviaT
da dasaxlebulan, mogvianebiT senaki-zugdidis saavtomobilo gzis-
ken gadasulan, amJamad isini sofel pirvel maisSi da pirvel WixuSi
cxovroben. rezo da nugzar gabisoniebis mixedviT maTi adrindeli
dasaxlebis ukan sakmaod didi `dixaguZuba~ yofila. gasuli sauku-
nis Sua xanebSi kolxeTis dablobis daSrobisa da aTvisebis kampaniis
dros es adgilebi yanebad uqceviaT da bunebrivia es Zeglic waSli-
la. ramdenjerme viyaviT am adgilebSi, kulturul fenebs ver mi-
vakvlieT. nugzar gabisonias daxmarebiT Zegli movZebneT. erT zolSi
xuTi sferuli (ovaluri) kvalis bolos sakmaod maRali SemaRlebebi
darCenila, am kvlebis boloSi arxia, romlis gverdebze kargad Cans
kulturuli fenebi, rogorc Cans am dixaguZubis diametri aranakleb
70 metri yofila.
kordinatebia: 0735563 4689016

xobisa da sofel gurifulis sazRvarTan mdinare xobiswylis

marjvena napirze arsebuli xelovnuri miwazvinulis Sesaxeb infor-
macia mogvawoda mxcovanma adamianma, xobis raionis sportkomitetis
yofilma Tavmjdomarem robiko WiTavam, man gaixsena, rom omamde bavS-
vebi am maRlobze TamaSobdnen da xSirad poulobdnen Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebs, XX saukunis Sua xanebSi am SemaRlebaze aguris patara
saamqro yofila gamarTuli, Semdeg es adgili nel-nela mdinares
Camourecxavs da misi didi nawili wauRia, roca adgilze mivediT
da davaTvaliereT, marTlac SemaRlebis mcire nawiliRa dagvxvda,
flateSi daaxloebiT 0,7 metris qveS moCanda agurebis yrili, xolo
ufro qveviT Canda baTqaSebi, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, aqve vipo-
veT Tixis WurWlis zoomorfuli yuri.
kordinatebia: 0738564 4687982

xobisa da gurifulis sazRvarze yofila xelovnuri borcvi, ro-

melsac `zugas~ _ `Zugas~ eZaxodnen. xobis ganaTlebis ganyofilebis

134
yofili ufrosis Salva xarebavas mixedviT `dixazuga~ misi saxlidan
daaxloebiT 450 metris daSorebiT nodar xarbedias ezos ukan md-
gara, misi diametri aranakleb 100 metri, xolo simaRliT 5-6 metri
yofila. igi kolxeTis sabWoTa meurneobis teritoriaze mdebareob-
da. XX saukunis samocian wlebSi am teritoriaze miwis samuSaoebs
asrulebdnen saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionebidan Camoyvanili tra-
qtoristebis jgufi. im dros meurneobis direqtori yofila iakime
kartozia, romelsac Zalian moswonda `dixazuga~ da undoda masze
da mis SemogarenSi parki gaeSenebina. erT saRamos ramdenime nasvami
traqtoristi dainteresebula, Tu ra iyo am miwazvinulSi, maT albaT
`oqros~ povna ainteresebdaT da buldozerebiT dauwyiaT miwazvinu-
lis ngreva. bunebrivia isini iq verafers ver ipovnidnen, marTalia
erT RameSi am masStabis miwazvinuls mTlianad ver gaasworebdnen,
magram mniSvnelovnad dauzianebiaT, meore dRes es unaxavs meur-
neobis direqtors da Zalian gabrazebula, magram gafuWebul saqmes
ukve araferi eSveleboda. amJamad aq yanebia. igi davaTvaliere baton
nodar xarbediasTan erTad, romelic ganaTlebiT samTo inJineria, 80-
ian wlebSi muSaobda tyvarCelis saqalaqo aRmaskomis Tavjdomared,
man miTxra, rom miwazvinuli muqi, yviTeli webovani TixiT yofila
agebuli, miuxedavad imisa, rom `zuga~ waSlila, SemaRleba mainc
SesamCnevia, misi mesamedi wakveTlia xelovnur arxiT, vizualurad
SeimCneva baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis mcire zomis fragmentebi
kordinatebia: 0737867 4688363

qalaq xobSi TiTqmis yvela mxridan moCans Wixus plato, romel-

sac adre xalxi, ratomRac `funikuliors~ eZaxda. misi simaRle zRvis
donidan 125 metria. plato mdinare xobiswylis marjvena napirze mde-
bareobs. XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis I naxevarSi mis wverze dauwyiaT
sastumros Senobis ageba, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli hqondaT maSin-
deli maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis mosasveneblad. auyvaniaT gza, mTis
wveri buldozeriT gadausworebiaT, am dros dangreula romauli
xanis samarxebi, romelic unaxavs arqeolog guram grigolias, igi
im droebSi kolxeTis dazverviTi arqeologiuri eqspediciis xel-
mZRvaneli yofila, roca is misula ukve yvelaferi ganadgurebuli
daxvedria. Semdgom sastumros Senoba ufunqciod iyo, 1981 wels is-
torikos nodar Sonias iniciativiTa da raionis maSindeli Tavkacis
nugzar nadaraias mxardaWeriT am SenobaSi kolxeTis aTvisebis isto-
riis muzeumi gauxsniaT, muzeumi gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis samo-
qalaqo omis dros ganadgurda, gadarCenili nivTebi xeTis sabrZolo
didebisa da mxareTmcodneobis muzeums gadaeca. amJamad borcv-
ze dadgmulia `magTisa~ da `jeoselis~ anZebi. muzeumis nageboba

135
dangreulia, igi midgmuli iyo patara borcvze, romlis irgvliv swo-
ri moedania, am patara borcvis Tavze daaxloebiT 70-100 kv. metri
vake adgilia, sadac daaxloebiT 0,5 metris siRrmeSi CamonaSalSi Sei-
niSneba Zv. w. II aTaswleulis bolosa da I aTaswleulis Tixis WurWli-
sa da baTqaSebis fragmentebi, 2010 wlis agvistoSi Zegli daaTvalie-
res arqeologebma revaz da nana papuaSvilebma, aq aRmoCenili Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebis mixedviT Zegli Zv.w.aR-is II-I aTaswleulis
mijniT daaTariRda. am Zegls CrdiloeTiT ekvris sakmaod mozrdili
ori borcvi, romelic adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis vladimer bebu-
rias da zemoT dasaxelebuli muzeumis yofili TanamSromlis cezar
beburias ganmartebiT adre alag-alag ixvneboda, xvnis dros xSirad
Tavs iCenda Tixis WurWlis natexebi, brinjaos nivTebis fragmentebi,
es ori borcvi xeluxlebelia, xolo Cvens mier pirvelad aRwerili
borcvis ferdobebi daterasebulia, romelzedac citrusovani mcena-
reebia gaSenebuli, terasebis WrilebSi bevrgan SeiniSneba sxvadasxva
periodis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, baTqaSebi, TiTqmis yvelgan
platos Tavze da ferdobebzec mimofantulia romaul-bizantiuri
xanis kramitis fragmentebi.
kordinatebia: Wixus plato 0738052 4691304 0737988 4691536
0737850 4691569 0738237 4691226

Wixus platos sasaflaos midamoebSi mdinare xobiswylis marjvena

napirze ferdobze naSalSi SevniSneT elinisturi xanis Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0738594 4691844
xobi-senaki saavtomobilo gzis marcxena mxares ilia WavWavaZis
quCidan asiode metrSi, cxovrobs revaz alanias ojaxi, aq saqme gva-
qvs saintereso SemTxvevasTan. Zvel kolxur xelovnur miwazvinulze
cxovreba XXI saukuneSic grZeldeba, radgan alaniebis orsarTuliani
saxli zed kolxur namosaxlarze dgas. am adgils profesor paata
cxadaias mixedviT `naoxvamu~ erqva (136; 127). revaz alanias ganmarte-
biT mamamiss _ boCias aq saxlis aSeneba 1958 wels dauwyia. saZirkvli-
saTvis miwis amoReba Zalian gaZnelebiaT, radgan miwa `aguris~ nate-
xebiT yofila gavsebuli, amitom mouyvaniaT eqskavatori, romelsac
miwidan sakmaod mozrdili rkinis samRarian xanjalic amougdia,
xanjals Zvlis tari aqvs, igi Zalian Zveli unda iyos, radgan xmare-
bisagan Zalian gacveTilia, misi wveri araTu dablagvebuli, aramed
momrgvalebulia, xolo pirebi nalesobis gamo sakmaod Seweulia. Cans
aq mravalfenian ZeglTan unda gvqondes saqme. miwazvinulis diametri
70 metrs, xolo simaRle 1,5-2 metrs aRwevs. ezoSi yovel fexis nabij-
ze gvxvdeba antikuri xanis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.

136
rac Seexeba `agurebs~, romelsac zemoT axsenebs maspinZeli baTqaSe-
bia. CvenTan adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, rodesac baTqaSebs poulobs
da es xSirad xvnis procesSi iCens Tavs, hgonia, rom isini agurebia da
aseT adgilebs, xSirad `saanguros~ an `naangurus~ uwodebs, SecdomiT
fiqroben, rom aseT adgilebSi aguris gamosawvavi saamqroebi idga.
kordinatebia: 0740812 4688224

yofili `kolxeTis meurneobis~ teritoriaze adgilobriv mcxo-

vrebTa gadmocemiT yofila xelovnuri SemaRleba `dixaguZuba~, xo-
belma demur kapitonis Ze bukiam momawoda informacia, rom yanaSi
SeiniSneba didi raodenobiT `agurismagvari natexebi~. gavediT ad-
gilze, magram, vinaidan daTesili iyo simindi, srulyofilad ver da-
vaTvalireT. yanis erT monakveTSi SevniSneT mimofantuli baTqaSebi,
widebi da sinopuri Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0734116 4687557

sofel pirvel gurifulis sasaflao, romelic mdinare xo-

biswylis marjvena napirze mdebareobs, wres miaxloebuli SemaRle-
baa. adgilobrivma mcxovrebma, poetma laSa gvasaliam mogvitana aq
saflavis Txrisas napovni Cv. eramde VIII-VII saukuneebis Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi. sasaflaos irgvliv mdebare sakarmidamo miwis nakve-
TebSi, arxis gverdebze vnaxeT sxvadasxva periodis arqeologiuri
masala, maT Soris romauli-bizantiuri xanis kramitebi da Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi. es Zegli daTvalierebuli aqvs arqeolog
revaz papuaSvils.
koordinatebia: 0737809 4686591

gurifulis sasaflaodan samxreT-dasavleTiT 700 metris daSo-

rebiT mdinare xobiswylis marjvena napirze yovel wvimisa da wyaldi-
dobis Semdeg uamravi kolxuri da gviandeli periodis Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi Cndeba, Cven ver davadgineT saidan Cndebian isini, anu
ver mivageniT im adgils saidanac isini irecxebian. am adgilis Sesaxeb
informacia mogvawoda adgilobrivma mkvidrma kote baxiam.
koordinatebia: 0737417 4685945

sofel I gurifulis dasawyisSi, mdinare xobiswylis marjvena

mxares aris sakmaod didi SemaRleba, romlis diametri TiTqmis 200
metria, am Zeglis Sesaxeb informacia momawoda irakli (koCia) saxu-
riam. samwuxarod Zeglis sakmaod mniSvnelovani nawili mdinares aqvs
waRebuli, es procesi dResac grZeldeba. Cven aq naSalSi uamravi
masala gvaqvs akrefili, rogorc adgilobrivi aseve, importuli _
berZnuli. morigi daTvalierebisas SemTxveviT flateSi SevamCnieT

137
CamosaSlelad gamzadebuli fena, sadac aRmoCnda qvevrsamarxi, ro-
melSic ido brinjaosa da rkinis samajurebi, agreTve adamianis da-
mwvari Zvlebis narCenebi, arqeologma revaz papuaSvilma aq Caatara
mcire maStabis dazverviTi samuSaoebi, man ipova arqeologiurad
mTeli adgilobrivi warmoebis doqi. es adgili da mopovebuli ma-
salebi daTvalierebuli aqvs agreTve arqeolog daviT lomitaSvils.
arqeologebis mier es obieqti CaTvlilia elinisturi xanis namo-
saxlarad, Tumca aq mopovebuli masala iZleva imis Tqmis saSuale-
bas, rom dasaxleba aq ufro adrec unda yofiliyo. Zeglze saswra-
fod aris Casatarebeli gadarCeniTi arqeologiuri samuSaoebi. aq
mniSvnelovan wertilebad CavTvaleT qvevrsamarxis da sxva masiuri
fragmentebis aRmoCenis adgilebi da isini satelituri xelsawyoTi
davafiqsireT. (sur. 100. 104. 105.)
koordinatebia: 0738105 4687364 0738187 4687377 0738172 4687417

sofel meore gurifulSi mdinare xobiswylis marcxena mxares

aris adgili, romelsac `ivanes kare~ qvia. sabWoTa xelisuflebis
periodSi aq sakolmeurneo ferma yofila, amJamad CvenTvis saintere-
so teritoriis mniSvnelovani nawili yanebs warmoadgens, alag-alag
Txmelis xeebis koromebia, bevrgan SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia: 0736421 4683558

pirvel xorgis uban `saSelios~ CrdiloeTiT mkveTr SemaRlebaze

adre miro qobalia cxovrobda, jer kidev dgas WiSkari, oda, samzadi
da nalia. davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan erTad. mar-
Talia artefaqtebi ver SevniSneT, magram reliefidan gamomdinare
es adgili sayuradReboa, mkveTrad SemaRlebul teritorias irgvliv
daWaobebuli arxi Semouyveba, aseTi adgilebi ki umetes SemTxvevaSi
uZveles dasaxlebebs warmoadgenen. kordinatebia: 0735955 4685753

2017 wlis martSi sofel pirveli xorgis CrdiloeTiT adgilo-

brivi mcxovrebis gulad WaWias daxmarebiT movZebneT adgili, ro-
melsac `dixakicis dixaguZubas~ uwodebdnen (136; 142). es adgilebi
me-20 saukunis 70-ian wlebSi sferul (ovalur) kvlebad uqceviaT,
ramdenime welia ar ixvneba. aqvea Rele `wyabus~ nakalapotari. ramde-
nime sferuli kvali mkveTrad SemaRlebulia. miwa dafaruli iyo am
adgilebSi gavrcelebuli mcenaris `oqrowkeplas~ gamxmari Reroebis
sqeli feniT, amitom ver SevZeliT niadagis zedapiris daTvaliereba
da namosaxlarisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kvalis naxva.
koordinatebia: 0733200 4686736

138
 pirvel xorgelma murad Seliam maCvena pirvel xorgis reliefi-
saTvis sakmaod Seusabamo vrceli da mrgvali SemaRleba, romelzedac
ramdenime ojaxi cxovrobs, misi diametri 150 metramdea. marTalia
Cven aq ver vnaxeT myari kulturuli fenebi, am adgils momavalSi
specialistebma yuradReba unda miaqcion, radgan mas tipiuri `dixa-
guZubis~ forma aqvs, SesaZloa aq kulturuli fenebi miwis sqeli
fenebiT iyos dafaruli.
kordinatebia: 0735948 4686083

pirvel xorgaSi `saSelios~ ubanSi, mdinare xobiswylis marjvena

napirze mdinare recxavs da aSiSvlebs mravalfenian arqeologiur
Zegls. am adgilis Sesaxeb informacia momawoda valeri Seliam. aq
mas aukrefia antikuri xanis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, brinjaos
gaurkveveli nivTis mcire fragmentebi, xolo adgilobrivma mcxo-
vrebma gaioz Cargaziam aqve flateSi ipova didi zomis feodaluri
xanis qvevri, dauzianebel mdgomareobaSi. aqaurma mcxovrebma spar-
tak Seliam gadmogvca adreantikuri xanis Tasis Ziris qveda nawili,
romelic misive ganmartebiT Wis Txris dros me-4 metrze upoviaT.
kordinatebi: 0736124 4685125

pirvel xorgeli koba goqaZis mier Semosuli informaciis

safuZvelze davaTvaliereT mdinare xobiswylis marjvena napirze
arsebuli adgili, romelsac `Walemuxuri~ qvia. aq adgilobrivTa gad-
mocemiT adre xalxi esaxla, amJamad ki yanebia, naxnavebSi SeiniSneba
sxvadasxva periodis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, xolo xobiswylis
piras yoveli wyaldidobis Semdeg riyeze uamravi sxvadasxva periodis
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi rCeba.
kordinatebia: 0736948 4685305

pirvel xorgaSi aris adgili romelsac `naeklesiars~ eZaxian,

sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde aq wm. giorgis saxelobis ekle-
sia mdgara. am eklesias misaronis wm. giorgis eZaxodnen. werilSi,
romelsac 1929 wlis 27 ianvars xorgis Temis rwmunebuli gerasime
mircxulava wers akaki Wanturias vkiTxulobT: `...bunebis Zeglebidan
Tu CaiTvleba, TemSi sdgas ori cacxvis xe, daaxloebiT orasi wlisa-
ze meti xnis fuRuroiani, fuRuro qoxiseburia 2 kv. arSinis moed-
niT, cacxvebi sdgas SedarebiT maRlob adgilze, (iq moedania), xalxs
axlac, umetesad moxucebs, es xeebi miaCnia RvTaebrivad, romelic
hkurnavs viTomda Tvalis sneulebidan adamians, amitomac yovelwliv
iq godebdnen. am bolo dromde Taflis sanTlidan gakeTebul Tvalis

139
saxeebs `misaronis cacxoo~ mimarTavda xalxi TxovniT am xeebs~ (113;
N 1187). am midamoebis daTvalierebisas mdinare xobiswylis marjvena
napirze me da xobis monastris moZRvarma _ dekanozma ilia lomaiam
vnaxeT romauli xanis gverdakecili kramitis sakmaod didi frag-
mentebi, iqve flateSi SevamCnieT sxvadasxva periodis kulturuli
fenebi. Zegli irecxeba mdinaris mier da mas ganadgureba emuqreba.
kordinatebia: 0734856 4684393

pirveli xorgis administraciuli Senobebis ukan mdinare xo-

biswyalze gadebulia egreT wodebuli `bondis~ xidi, am adgilebSi
SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi, Tumca aq Znelia
ilaparako kulturuli fenebis Sesaxeb, radgan adamianis sameurneo
saqmianobis kvali Zalian TvalsaCinoa.
kordinatebia: 0734033 4683980

pirvel xorgaSi gurifulis sazRvarTan xobi-foTis savtomobi-

lo gzis marjvena mxares yofila adgilebi, romelsac rqmevia: `diS
naxori~ _ devis nasaxlari, `naxangarus tye~, romelsac dRes adgilo-
brivi mcxovreblebi konkretulad ver uTiTeben. am adgilebis daTva-
lierebisas megzurobas miwevda vaxtang (amego) goqaZe. gurifulisa
da I xorgis sazRvarze gaTxrilia sakmaod Rrma arxi, adgilobrivTa
gadmocemiT am arxis Txris dros eqskavatoris cicxvs amoyolia qve-
vrebi. arxis marjvena mxares sakarmidamo nakveTebia, marcxniv yanebia,
romelic ar ixvneba. ufro Rrmad Txmelis tyea, SigdaSig mrgvali
formis mcire SemaRlebebi da mindvrebia, am mindvrebSi gverdebze
Txrilis naSalSi SeimCneva kulturuli fenebi, yanebSi vizualurad
Cans Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi. arxis gverdze eqskava-
toris mier amoRebuli miwebi grovebad yria, romelsac uxvad amoyo-
lia Zv. w. aR. is I aTaswleulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli arqeologiuri
masala. am midamoebSi Cvens mier fiqsirebul iqna oTxi wertili.
kordinatebia: 0736261 4686738 0736163 4686692
0736147 4686592 0735871 4686953

pirvel xorgaSi kortavebis ubnis ukan aris adgili romelsac

`naakopu~ qvia, soflis mkvidris enver kortavas ganmartebiT am mi-
damoebSi yofila oTxi `nakopu~, `akops~ eZaxian meore msoflio omis
dros amoTxril sangrebs, im dros, rodesac germanelebi kavkasionis
qeds moadgnen, CvenSi dauwyiaT TavdacviT nagebobebis, maT Soris san-
grebis Seqmna, bevrgan sangrebi kolxur xelovnur miwazvinulebis _
`dixaguZubebis~ siaxloves gauTxriaT, Semdgom am sangrebs, `nakopus~
_ anu nasangrals uwodeben da vinaidan xSir SemTxvevaSi `dixaguZubebs~

140
irgvliv narxali aqvs, saxelwodeba `nakopu~ maTzec gavrcelda. ami-
tom Tuki sadme SevxvdebiT am toponims, is adgili aucileblad unda
Semowmdes, SesaZloa igi winare qristianuli xanis namosaxlari iyos,
Cvens SemTxvevaSic ase moxda, zemoT aRniSnul adgilze oTxi `nakopu~
yofila, aqedan sami waSlilia, erTi ki uSualod sakarmidamo nakveTebs
ekvris. igi warmoadgens daxloebiT 15 m. diametris naxevarsferose-
br borcvs, romelsac uSualod gverds uvlis Rele. Relis flateSi
kargad SeiniSneba kulturuli fenebi.
kordinatebia: 0733996 4684856

pirvel xorgaSi, Rele `skvias~ marjvena mxares mdebare saxnav

miwebs `gvimaroni~ qvia, rac gvimrian adgils niSnavs. aq adre yofila
xelovnuri namosaxlari `gvimaronis dixaguZuba~, romelic rogorc
toponimi fiqsirebulia paata cxadaias wignSi (136; 142.) amJamad aq
yanebia, SemaRleba ki waSlilia.
kordinatebia: 0733452 4685724

axalsofelSi dafiqsirda xelovnuri namosaxlari saxelwodebiT

`diS noxori~, rac qarTulad devis nasaxlars niSnavs. igi davaTva-
liereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan erTad. Zegli warmoadgens
tipiur naxevarsferos moyvanilobis xelovnur borcvs _ dixagu-
Zubas, romlis diametri daaxloebiT 50, xolo simaRle 2 metram-
dea. irgvliv etyoba Tanadrouli arxis kvali. misi aRmosavleTi da
CrdiloeTi nawili xe-mcenareebiT aris dafaruli da akravs tye,
dasavleTiT da samxreTiT ki mindvrebia. samxreTiT uvlis sabWoTa
periodSi gaTxrili arxi, romlis gayvanis dros misi mcire nawili
dazianebulia. vizualurad SeiniSneba baTqaSebsa da Tixis WurWlis
mcire fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0738194 4684092

axalsofelSi giorgi davaZis ezoSi, ukan miwis samuSaoebis dros

aRmoCnda Zveli welTaRricxvis VIII-VII saukuneebis Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0736421 4683578

sofel Sua xorgas mdinare xobiswyli TiTqmis or Tanabar nawi-

lad yofs, saavtomobilo xidTan, mdinaris marjvena mxares, erTgan
qviSiani napiria, sadac yovel nawvimarze didi raodenobiT SeimCneva
sxvadasxva periodis (Zv.w. XV saukunidan XIX saukunis CaTvliT) Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi. Cven adgilze da irgvliv mdeba-
re teritoriebze kulturuli fenebi ver davafiqsireT, es adgili

141
moiTxovs specialistebis yuradRebas. daTvalierebisas Tan maxldnen
goCa Selia da daviT dolbaia.
koordinatebia: 0732056 4682593

sofel yoraTSi Rele `yoraTwyaris~ marcxena napirze adgilo-

brivi mkvidris gulad gabedavas Setyobinebis safuZvelze davaTva-
liere adgili, romelsac `naakopus~ eZaxian, aq aRmoCnda sami momcro
zomis xelovnuri miwazvinuli, meoTxe waSlilia. naxnavebSi SeiniSneba
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia: 0731628 4680031 0731615 4679974
0731490 4679899 0731758 4679878

Sua xorgaSi mdinare xobiswylis marjvena mxares aris ubani `sawu-

laio~, aq Rele `lefonasxulis~ marjvena mxares `jixas~ eZaxian, rac
niSnavs cixes, nacixars. saavtomobilo gzispiras jaxu jobavas ojaxi
cxovrobs, maTi ezos ukan ki sakarmidamo nakveTebia. ezoSic da sa-
karmidamo nakveTebSic vizualurad SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia: 0731273 4683109 0731156 4683276

mdinare xobiswylis marcxena mxares Sua xorgel roland jiqias-

Tan erTad davaTvaliereT xobiswylis Zveli kalapotis marcxena
mxare, romelsac `naanguru~ qvia, rac naagurevs niSnavs. amJamad aq
yanebia, naxnavebSi SeimCneva sxvadasxva periodis Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi, myari kulturuli fena ver davafiqsireT.
koordinatebia: 0730883 4682440

Sua xorgaSi yofili sabWoTa meurneobis fermasTan WaburRilia,

aqedan mimavali gza Semdeg tyisken miemarTeba, mas tyis pirze didi
arxi kveTs. adre aq Rele asua gadioda. arxis orive napirze da gzis
orive mxares _ arxis gverdebze, naSalebSi, velze SeiniSneba adrean-
tikuri xanis myari kulturuli fenebi, Cans aq didi dasaxleba iyo,
romelic arxis gayvanis dros dauzianebiaT. obieqti daTvalierebuli
aqvs arqeolog revaz papuaSvils.
koordinatebi: 0731669 4684934 0731749 4684485

Sua xorgaSi yofili samkurnalo mcenareebis meurneobis saTbu-

rebis ukan aris adgili, romelsac `naakopus~ uwodeben, aq viyaviT
adgilobriv mcxovreb gogi tabaRuasTan erTad. aq marTlac aris
meore msoflio omis droindeli sangrebis naSTebi. aqve aris ori
patara `dixaguZuba~.
koordinatebia: 0732479 4682122 0732424 4681807

142
 Sua xorgis mcxovreblebis goCa Selias, qarTlos da xviCa joba-
vebisa da pirvel xorgel enver kortavas daxmarebiTa da megzurobiT
Cven ramdenime namosaxlari davafiqsireT. erT maTgans, radgan adre
berulavebis gvaris warmomadgenlebs hqondaT gamarTuli karavi,
`berulefiS kares~ uwodeben, aq oTxi wertili aRvniSneT, amas garda
erTi wertili saxelwodebiT `andriS nakaru~ da sami wertili `oWan-
dareSi~ dafiqsirda. andri mwyemsis saxelia, oWandares ki Wadrian
adgils eZaxian.
koordinatebia: berulefiS kare 0730290 4686570 0730179 4686432
0729980 4686326 0730013 4686689 `andriS nakaru~ 0731494 4686715
`oWandare~ 0731521 4686416 0731424 4686250 0731328 4686058
xorgis tyeSi aris gamokveTili SemaRleba, romelsac `saSas na-
vanus~ _ saSas nayanevs eZaxian. es adgili davaTvaliereT arqeolog
revaz papuaSvilTan erTad. sadac zedapirzeve fiqsirdeba baTqSiani
kulturuli fenebi. igi moqceulia Cvens mier fiqsirebul or wer-
tils Soris, romelTa Soris manZili daaxloebiT 200 metramdea.
damxrobilia CrdiloeTidan samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT.
amjamad dafarulia xe-mcenareebiT.
koordinatebia: 0730959 4686424 0731071 4686611
bia xobis municipalitetSi erT-erTi ulamazesi sofelia, igi
mdinare xobis wylis marcxniv borcv-gorakebzea Sefenili. biis ga-
rakebis yvelaze maRal borcvze, romelsac `oxvameferds~ eZaxian wm.
mTavarangelozTa saxelobis eklesia dgas. XIX saukunis 80-an wleba-
mde, bielebi ZiriTadad am eklesiis irgliv cxovrobdnen, Semdgom ki
mosaxleobam mdinare xobis wylis sanaxebisken gadainacvla, amJamad
taZris irgvliv mdebare sofels zemo bias eZaxian, dReisaTvis iq
xuTiode ojaxiRa cxovrobs.
biis wm. mTavarangelozTa saxelobis eklesis Crdilo-aRmosavle-
TiT erTi kilometris daSorebiT sakmaod vrceli mindvrebia, sadac
kerZo pirebs ramdenime aTeul heqtarze ojaleSis jiSis venaxi aqvT
gaSenebuli. venaxis dargvamde miwa saTanado teqnikiT 80 santimetris
siRrmemde gadmoabrunes, romlis drosac didi raodenobiT Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi amocvenila, ris Sesaxebac gvacnoba am venaxebis
erT-erTma mepatronem laSa kvaSilavam, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi
feodaluri xanis unda iyos.
kordinatebia: 0744233 4692251
biaSi aris adgilebi, romelsac `noxorebs~ eZaxian, `noxori~ qvia
adgils, sadac adre adamians ucxovria, es adgilebi mosaxleobas XX
saukunis I naxevarSi miutovebia, zogierTi qvemo biaSi, zogi kidev

143
nojixevSi gadasula sacxovreblad. am midamoebSi bilikebze, naSalSi
da mindvrebSi SeiniSneba sxvadasxva periodis Tixis WurWlis fragmen-
tebi. etyoba, rom es adgilebi uxsovari droidan yofila dasaxle-
buli. qvemo biisa da zemo biis damakavSirebeli gzis marcxena mxares
aris samxreT-aRmosavleTisaken damxrobili ferdobi, romlis far-
Tobi aranakleb 2,5 heqtaria, romelsac `domentiS noxors~ eZaxian.
gzis gayvanisas gaCenilia mcire simaRlis flate, sadac SeniSneba
sxvadasxva periodis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, widebi, baTqaSebi.
gansakuTrebiT Zlieri wvimebis Semdgom, romelic recxavs flates,
aSiSvlebs da saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs zemoT aRniSnuli nivTebi. erT-
erTi daTvalierebisas vipoveT namglis kaJis CasrTavi (sur. 94).
am midamoebSi arqeologiuri masalis sixSiris mixedviT ramdenime
wertili davafiqsireT.
`domentiS-noxori~ 0741754 4691531 0741331 4691037
0741335 4690933 0741361 4690906

biaSi aris adgili saxelwodebiT `dobera~, sadac arqeolog revaz

da nana papuaSvilebisa da leri jiblaZis mier dafiqsirda feodalu-
ri xanis namosaxlari.
koordinatebia: 0742319 4692205

`otoronje~ didi namosaxlaria, toronji megrulad mtreds

niSnavs, otoronje samtredes. igi sofel pirveli maisis centridan
samxreT-dasavleTiT daaxloebiT 4,5 km-is daSorebiT mdebareobs.
igi warmoadgens kolxeTis barisaTvis damaxasiaTebel xelovnur,
borcv-namosaxlarTa (dixaguZubaTa) kompleqss, ukavia sakmaod vr-
celi teritoria, SesaZloa ramdenime heqtaric. iq moxvedra SeiZle-
ba sofel pirveli maisidan, gza miuyveba mdinare munCias marcxena
mxares, mdinaridan daSorebulia daaxloebiT 1,5km-iT. SemaRlebebi
maRali ar aris, iqve miedineba Rele `forzRvinde~, sabWoTa periodSi
ixvneboda, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi zedapirzeve didi
raodenobiT aris mimofantuli, bolo dros es Zegli daaTvalieres
arqeologebma revaz papuaSvilma, vaxtang jafariZem, guram grigo-
liam, joni afaqiZem da levan WabaSvilma.
satelituri xelsawyoTi davafiqsireT ramdenime SemaRlebis
koordinati:
0732044 4688695 0732086 4688697 0732068 4688521 0732163 4688460
0731956 4688537 0732229 4688627 0732381 4688655 0732295 4688711

`uCapalotis dixaguZuba~ erqva borcvs, romelic sofel pirveli

maisis saCokoraios ubnis mimdebare teritoriaze mdebareobs, amJamad
igi mniSvnelovnad dazianebulia, radgan es adgilebi warmoadgens

144
yanebs, Tumca Zegls simaRle da simrgvale mainc SerCenia (136; 77.).
megzurobas gviwevda zurab beWvaia.
koordinatia: 0733681 4690129

sofel pirveli maisis bolos, mdinare xobis wylis marjvena na-

pirze, `jaxuTis~ cixis samxreTiT yanebia, romlebic gaRma mdebare
sofel bias mcxovreblebs ekuTvniT. yanebs CrdiloeTiT, borcvidan
cixe-simagre gadmoyurebs. aqedan 400 metris daSorebiT, Crdiloe-
TiT, mdinare xobiswyals mdinare Waniswyali uerTdeba. am midamoebSi
yvelgan, mTis ferdobebzec Waniswylis SesarTavamde SeiniSneba Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi. TviT jaxuTis cixis samxreTiT
daqanebuli ferdobia, zed ori yanaa, sadac simindi iTeseba. iqve
mdinare xobiswylidan gadmodis gazis magistraluri mili, romelic
Camarxulia ferdobsa da davakebas Soris, romelic sazRvravs fer-
dobze arsebul Zvel namosaxlarebs, sadac fiqsirdeba Zv. w. aR. is
VI-V saukuneebis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, baTqaSebi, rkinis widebi,
aqve SevniSneT romauli xanis gverdakecili kramitebic (sur. 85). na-
mosaxlarze, dasavleTis ferdobis wverze, xeebiTa da buCqebiT dafa-
ruli patara davakebaa, sadac arqeologma revaz papuaSvilma Zveli,
duRabiT naSeni nagebobis naSTebi SeniSna. profesor paata cxadaias
mixedviT am adgils adre mosaxleoba `naoxvamus~ uwodebda, SesaZloa
ferdobze Cven mier napovni gverdakecili kramitebi am nagebobisa
iyos da ar aris gamoricxuli aq adreqristianul xanaSi eklesia
mdgariyo (136; 62.). ferdobis Crdilo-dasavleTiT mRvimea, saidanac
wyali gamoedineba, romelsac `okarkalaias~ _ rakrakas uwodeben.
namosaxlaris mTel teritoriaze fiqsirdeba TiTqos sagangebod
narCevi riyis qvebi, romelTac aqvT sxvadasxva forma: sferoseburi,
mTvariseburi, brtyeli da mrgvali, guliseburi, filTaqvis, kvercxi-
seburi, falosis... am qvebze ucnauri da gaugebari nakawri niSnebia
gamosaxuli, zogierTi gamosaxuleba ki, TiTqos amoRarulia. masgavsi
tipis gamosaxulebiani masalis aRmoCenas sxva qveynebSi da saqarTve-
loSic hqonia adgili. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi aseTebs
`daWrelebul qvebs~ uwodeben (148;7). arqeolog jurxa nadiraZis mi-
xedviT XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi zurtaketis velze arqeologiuri
gaTxrebis dros unaxavT ucnauri da gaugebari nakawrebiT aWrelebu-
li qvebi. am niSnebis Sesaxeb j. nadiraZe wers: `sruliad aSkaraa, rom
didi xnis winaT aq mcxovrebma xalxma am nakawrebSi raRac azri Cado
da Seecada mcneba niSnebiT gamoexata~ (149; 94). zurtaketis nakawri
niSnebiT dainteresebulan iseTi didi mecnierebi, rogorebic iyvnen
Salva amiranaSvili da oTar jafariZe (149;95). ra Tqma unda Cven
ar viciT, Tu ras niSnavs Cvens Zeglze arsebul qvebze gamosaxuli

145
nakawri niSnebi, magram imis Tqma ki namdvilad SeiZleba, rom isini
adamianis xeliT aris Sesrulebuli. yovelgvar SemTxveviTobas gamo-
vricxavT, radgan im adgilidan, sadac es qvebi SeiniSneba, samxreTiT,
daaxloebiT ori km-is manZilze mdinare xobiswylis piris Walebia,
sadac riyis qvebs ra gamolevs, magram CvenTvis saintereso masala iq
ar SeiniSneba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi `warwerebiani~ qvebi iq aris warmod-
genili, sadac intensiurad SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlisa da baTqaSebis
fragmentebi.
kordinatebia: 0739670 4693689 0739768 4693634
naoxvamu _ eklesia? 0739758 4693701

sofel xeTaSi senaki-zugdidis saavtomobilo gzis marcxena mxa-

res aris ubani, romelsac `winagola~ qvia, rac `wina mTas~ niSnavs,
toponimis cnobili specialistis profesor paata cxadaias ganmarte-
biT megrul-leqsikur fondSi ar moipoveba zedsarTavi `wina~. `wina
gola~ misive ganmartebiT `wminda mTas niSnavs~ (136; 277. 89; 228.), am
ubanSi ki mTa-borcvi ar aris.
aq mirion bukias ezos ukan aris xelovnuri miwazvinulebi, mrgva-
li SemaRlebebi. igi davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan
da xeTel latavra bukiasTan erTad. ramdenime SemaRleba SeiniSne-
ba, magram erTi maTgani gamokveTilad mrgvalia da irgvliv Zveli
arxis kvalic kargad etyoba, es SemaRlebebi ixvneba da amitom aq
zedapirsave SeimCneva didi raodenobiT Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi
da baTqaSebi. am soflis mkvidris Tengiz (buTxia) latarias cnobiT,
aqve gverdiT cxovrobda misi didi babua parTen lataria, romelsac
XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis damdegs kolxuri TeTrebi upovia, isini
Tixis WurWelSi yofila moTavsebuli, es monetebi gafantula da
faqtiurad maTi absoluturi umravlesoba dakargula, ori maTgani
daculia xeTis `sabrZolo didebisa da mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi.
savaraudod am Zvelkolxur dasaxlebas eqneboda Tavisi `oxvame~ _
salocavi, romelic erT-erT yvelaze maRal xelovnur miwiszvinulze
iqneboda gamarTuli da albaT amitomac ewoda am sofels winagola,
anu wminda mTa. zemoT xsenebuli namosaxlaridan 400-ode metrSi
samxreT-dasavleTiT Rele surCes marcxena mxares aris xeluxlebe-
li dixaguZuba, romlis diametric daaxloebiT 30, xolo simaRle 2
metramdea.
koordinatebia: 0732503 4691434 0732157 4691253

xeTaSi urTis mTis samxreT kalTaze, saqirios ubanSi Rele

fSxerulis marcxena mxares mdebareobs wm. kvirikes eklesia, ro-
melsac `Ceoxvames~ eZaxian. igi Zvel kolxur namosaxlarze dgas da

146
ara marto, aqve aRmoCenilia momdevno periodebis arqeologiuri
masalac. cxadia es Zegli mravalfeniania da sayuradRebo. erT-erTi
daTvalierebisas eklesiasTan axlos arqeologma revaz papuaSvilma
ipova gvianbrinjao-adrerkinis xanis Tixis WurWlis, tolCis speci-
fikuri formis yuri, xolo taZridan eqvsiode metrSi, CrdiloeTiT
SevamCnieT qvitkiris wyobis naSTi, romelic baton rezos ganmarte-
biT ufro Zvelia, vidre taZari. amis Semdeg am midamoebs gansakuTre-
bul yuradRebas vaqcevdiT, erT-erTi daTvalierebis dros taZridan
samxreT dasavleTiT SevamCnieT ori axali saflavi, rogorc aqaure-
bma gviTxres, aq daukrZalavT upatrono rusi erovnebis adamianebi,
saflavis Txrisas miwas amohyolia didi raodenobiT baTqaSebi da
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. taZridan Crdilo-dasavleTiT ferdo-
bze citrusebis plantaciaa, romelic ekuTvnis adgilobriv mkvidrs
daviT vasilis Ze kankias, aq mas miwis samuSaoebisas upovnia sxvadasxva
saxisa da periodis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, sakmaod didi qvevre-
bi, qva-jvari. cota ufro zeviT ferdobis davakebaze unaxavs Tixis
iataki, romelic etyoba Zlier xanZris Sedegad gamoiwva da misi sisqe
daaxloebiT 15-20 santimetria. es adgili daTvalierebuli aqvT ar-
qeologebs revaz papuaSvilsa da daviT lomitaSvils.
koordinatebia: 0732574 4695784 0732362 4695872

xeTaSi uban `saWiTanoSi~, wm. mTavarangelozebia eklesiidan da-

savleTiT 700 metris daSorebiT lamazi borcvia, romelic Zalian
waagavs xelovnurs, aqvs absoluturad naxevarsferos forma. masze
amosulia dafnis xeebi, mis aRmosavleT nawilSi gzis piras naSalSi
vnaxeT Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0734229 4694187

xeTis wm. mTavarangelozTa eklesiidan Crdilo aRmosavleTiT

naSalSi fiqsirdeba Zv. w. aR-is VI-V saukuneebis Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi. naSals zemoT ociode metrSi ferdobze mRvimea, romelsac
`wkumontils~ eZaxian, rac dagrexils, mixveul-moxveuls niSnavs.
misgan asi metris daSorebiT gamoqvabulia. profesor paata cxadaias
mixedviT am gamoqvabuls `oqvabe~ ewodeba (136; 276). igi XX sauku-
nis 60-ian wlebSi dauTvalierebia arqeolog guram grigolias. misi
ganmartebiT aq pirvelyofil adamians ucxovria, xolo feodaliz-
mis periodSi SiSianobis dros igi saxizrad yofila gamoyenebuli.
ufro zeviT daaxloebiT 200 metris daSorebiT patara gamoqvabulia,
sadac bevri kaJis fragmentebia. 2012 wlis seqtemberSi aq speleo-
logma valeri gelaSvilma ipova xelovnurad gaxvretili kaJis frag-
menti. vfiqrobT es gamoqvabulebi imsaxurebs mecnierebis mxridan

147
yuradRebas. mTis wverze bzis koromebia, sadac uduRabod, mSrali
wyobiT, daumuSavebeli kirqviT naSeni yore-kedlis naSTia.
koordinatebia: naSali 0735067 4694058
didi gamoqvabuli 0735138 4694148
patara gamoqvabuli 0735232 4694318 mTis wveri 0735062 4694221

sofel xamiskurSi urTis mTis samxreT kalTaze nikandro kva-

racxelias ezoSi aris lamazi borcvi, romelsac `kurkucias~ eZaxian,
misi simaRle zRvis donidan 120 metria. borcvis gverdebze da ir-
gvliv SeiniSneba baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. es Zegli
Tavisi formiT Zalian hgavs `saadamios kurkucias~ sofel axal xi-
bulaSi.
koordinatebia: 0731191 4697765

amave soflis ubanSi, romelsac qvemo safarcvanio qvia, mdebare-

obs Zv. eriT VIII-VII saukuneebis namosaxlari _ `dixaguZuba~. megzuro-
bas gviwevda 80 wlis kukuSa farcvania. irgvliv yanebia. zed Zeglze
yanebisken mimavali gza gauyvaniaT, magram simaRle mniSvnelovnad
SesamCnevia, vizualurad SeiniSneba baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi. gazeT `samegreloSi~ istorikosi xariton kakulia wers, rom
`dixaguZubis~ samxreTiT mdebare miwis nakveTis damuSavebis dros
`auarebeli keramikuli namsxvrevebi iqna miwis zedapirze gamofeni-
li, umetesad Savi keramikis naSTebi. Zalian bevri iyo qoTnis yurebi,
qvevris quslebi, warmoidgineT yalibebic ki, romelic ipova varlam
kukavam. manve ipova patara WinWilebi~ (150; 3). aqve sayane miwis da-
muSavebis dros xamiskurel guram guguSvils mozrdili brinjaos
zodi upovnia. adgilobriv mcxovrebma merab farcvaniam gadmogvca
dixaguZubaze SemTxveviT napovni brinjaos WurWlis (situlas) zoo-
morfuli yuri (sur.99).
koordinatebia: 0728693 4696296

sofel xamiskurSi `misaronferdis~ Sesaxeb zemoT visaubreT. aq

aris lamazi, mrgvali borcvi, romelsac `misaronis oxvames~ _ salo-
cavs eZaxian. aqve SeiniSneba kirqvis kvadrebi da romaul-bizantiuri
xanis kramitebi. SesaZloa aq adre eklesia mdgariyo. istorikos xari-
ton kakulias mixedviT XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi misaronis borcvis
CrdiloeT ferdobze, varlam farcvanias ezos win, miwis samuSaoebis
dros adgilobriv mcxovreblebs `unaxiaT adamianebis saflavebi xe-
lovnebis Zvirfasi nimuSebiT~. samegreloSi siZveleTa cnobil qomags
andri kukavas Camouyvania arqeologi nino xoStaria da miwis samu-
Saoebi SeuCerebiaT (150; 3-4). `misaronis oxvames~ samxreT-dasavleTiT

148
300 metris daSorebiT aris lado sergias sakarmidamo nakveTi, sadac
miwis samuSaoebis dros ipoves baTqaSebisa da Tixis WurWlis fragmen-
tebiani miwis fenebi. igi daaTvaliera arqeologma revaz papuaSvilma,
romelic am Zegls savaraudod Zv. w. aR-is V-III saukuneebiT aTariRebs.
koordinatebia: `misaronis oxvame~ 0731632 4697281
lados ezo 0731383 4697141

parmen zaqaraia Tavis naSromSi `jegeTas~ wm giorgis salocavis

Sesaxeb wers, rom jegeTadan Crdilo-dasavleTiT 2,5 _ 3 kilometris
daSorebiT `jege-mojikos~ salocavia, romelic `amJamad uformo ma-
sadaa gadaqceuli~ (133; 76). am obieqtis Sesaxeb informacia mogvawoda
xamiskuris mkvidrma vaso kukavam. salocavi yofila Rele mojikis
marjvena napirze. xamiskurelma, 1962 wels dabadebulma Segen kvinCiam
mogviTxro, rom adre am adgilze mindori yofila, romlis SemaRle-
baze qvayriliTan didi cacxvisa da leRvis xe mdgara. XX saukunis
70-iani wlebis damdegs sofel didi neZidan mosula murman kukava,
romelsac es adgili SeurCevia samosaxlod. mas mouyvania buldozeri
da qvayriliani adgili gadausworebia, romelSic Turme kargad damu-
Savebuli kirqvis kvadrebic eria. amJamad im adgilze murman kukavas
erTsarTuliani saxli dgas, romlis gverdiT vaso kukava cxovrobs.
maT Soris arsebul Robis pirebze axlac awyvia mozrdili bunebrivad
dakuTxuli riyis lodebi.
koordinatebi: 0730739 4697504

Torsis erTerT ubans saSelio qvia, aq adre `dixaguZuba~ yofila.

amJamad yanebia, bevrgan vizualurad SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi da baTqaSebi, adgilobrivma mcxovrebma, profesiiT mxatvarma,
Temur gabisoniam aq, Tavis yanaSi ipova kolxuri culi, brinjaos mci-
re zodi, segmenturi iaraRi, mZivi, kaJis Subispiri. aq ori wertili
davafiqsireT satelituro xelsawyoTa, erTi Sualeduri da meore
iq, sadac brinjaos nivTebi aRmoCnda.
kordinatebia: 0729811 4695302 0729751 4695237

sofel TorsaSi, salatarios ubanSi sakmaod vrcel teritorias

`afxaTxorili~ qvia. igi mdinare utoris marcxena mxares mdebareobs,
amJamad utori xelovnured gaWril arxSi miedineba da Zeglis mcire
nawili, romelic xelovnur SemaRlebas warmoadgens mis marjvena
mxarezea moqceuli. `afxa~ _ beWs niSnavs, `Txorili _ Txrils. am
teritoriaze CvenTvis saintereso ori toponimi gvxvdeba _ `dixa-
guZuba~ da `nanguru~. amJamad am teritoriis nawili saxnavia, xolo
nawilze Cais plantaciebia gaSenebuli. adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi

149
gadmogvcemen, rom am midamoebSi adgili hqonda SemTxveviT aRmo-
Cenebs, aq upovniaT brinjaos_zodebi, sxvadasxva nivTebi, mZivebi,
romlebic samwuxarod dakargulia. `afxaTxorilis~ xelovnuri Se-
maRlebebi, romelic mdinare utoris arxis marjvena mxares mdeba-
reobs gviCvena adgilobrivma mkvidrma arkadi qiriam. aq sferuli
(ovaluri) saxnavi kvlebis boloSi aris ori SemaRleba, romlebsac
zeda nawili waclili aqvs, magram mkveTri SemaRleba da simrgvale
TvalSesacemia. `afxaTxarils~ didi teritoria ukavia. aq yvelgan,
gansakuTrebiT arxis flatebSi kargad Cans Tixis WurWlis fragmen-
tebi da baTqaSebi, Cans igi didi dasaxleba iyo.
kordinatebia: 0728269 4693815 0728160 4693862

mdinare utoris marjvena mxares yanebia, romelsac amuSavebs

adgilobrivi mcxovrebi gogi kvaSilava, yanaSi sakmaod did nawilSi
SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis fragmetebi da baTqaSebi.
kordinatebia: 0728064 4692928

TorsaSi aris saxnavebi, romelsac `nucas vanas~ _ nucas yanas

eZaxian. aq zedapirzeve SeimCneva kolxur Tixis WurWlis fragmen-
tebi da baTqaSebi, aqve naxnavebSi vnaxeT ramdenime mozrdili Savi
feris qva, romelic mwvane feris SuSismagvari Srebi gaaCnia, rome-
lic arqeolog revaz papuaSvils ganmartoebiT, SesaZloa, saTanado
damuSavebis Semdeg samkaulebis samSvenisebad gamoiyeneboda. Zegli
CaWrilia didi arxiT, romlis gverdebze Cans, rom kultururi fena
1,5 metris siRrmemde vrceldeba.
kordinatebia: 0729605 4693385

TorsaSi aris adgili romelsac `xiWkons~ eZaxian, rac kune-

lian adgils niSnavs (136;123). amJamad yanebia, sadac SeiniSneba Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi. istorikos xariton kakulias mixedviT aq xe-
lovnuri SemaRlebebi yofila, romelic gadauxnavT da mniSvnelovnad
dauzianebiaT (150; 2-4).
kordinatebia: 0728969 4692178

sabukioSi murTaz WiTanavas ezoSi aris didi `dixaguZuba~ romlis

diametri aranakleb 80 metria, igi ixvneba da bunebrivia ziandeba,
naxnavebSi didi raodenobiT SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi,
aq arqeologma revaz papuaSvilma ipova Cvens eramde VI saukunis qio-
suri yelgamoberili amforis piryeli (sur. 103). murTaz WiTanavas
ezos win murman WiTanavas saxl-karia, misi saxlis gverdiT aTiode
metrSi xeluxlebeli `dixaguZubaa~, romelsac `gogores~ eZaxian,
misi diametri 40 metramde aRwevs, irgvliv uvlis arxi. orive Zegli

150
daTvalierebuli aqvT arqeologebs: revaz papuaSvils, vaxtang ja-
fariZes, guram grigolias, joni afaqiZes.
kordinatebia: murTaz WaTanavas ezo 0729652 4691844
`gogore~ 0729791 4691656

TorsaSi aris axali dasaxleba romelsac `oqros sawmisi~ qvia,

aq afxazeTidan devnil oTar cikoliasa da misi mezoblebis saxlebs
ukan naxnavebSi didi raodenobiT SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis fragmen-
tebi da baTqaSebi.
kordinatebi: 0729978 4689898

sabukios mimdebare teritoriaze aris adgili, romelsac `Jinbo-

ga~ qvia. sakmaod vrceli teritoria sferul (ovaluri) saxnav kvlebs
warmoadgens, romelic amJamad ar ixvneba. adre aq yofila SemaRlebe-
bi, sadac mwyemsebs hqoniaT karvebi gamarTuli (136; 123.). Cven aq ver
vnaxeT kulturuli fenis veranairi kvali, magram es adgili mainc
sayuradReboa da amitomac movniSneT.
kordinatebia: 0728054 4691118

mdinare munCis axali kalapotis marcxena mxares satelituri

xelsawyoTi davafiqsireT ori `dixaguZuba~, erTi dazianebulia, ori-
ves irgvliv uvlis Zveli arxi, dauzianebeli dixaguZuba diametriT
aranakleb 50 metria, mas irgvliv 20 metramde siganis arxi akravs.
megzurobas gviwevda avTandil WumburiZe.
kordinatebia: 0726972 4688950
dazianebuli 0726926 4689209

md. munCias marcxena mxares aris adgili romelsac `ZiZarias ka-

res~ eZaxian. aqve yanaSi vnaxeT daxloebiT 15 metri diametris waSli-
li dixaguZuba, sadac vizualurad SeiniSneba naxSiri, Tixis WurWlis
mcire fragmentebi baTqaSebi megzur t. iosavas ganmartebiT am mida-
moebSi aris SemaRlebebi, romlebic ekal-bardebiT aris dafaruli.
kordinatebi: 0725608 4688230 0725864 4688419

Torsasa da dRvabas Soris aris ubani, romelsac `sujunaTs~

eZaxian. aq XX saukunis 80-ian wlebis damdegs arqeologebis mier
Seswavlili iqna Zvelkolxuri samarovani (romelic specialur li-
teraturaSi dRvabis samarovnis saxeliTaa cnobili). misgan Crdi-
lo-dasavleT 350 metris daSorebiT didi namosaxlaria, romelsac
`tabakonas dixaguZubas~ eZaxian. misi diametri aranakleb 60 metria,
xolo simaRle 4 metramde. irgvliv kargad etyoba naarxali. misgan
samxreTiT da dasavleTiT SeimCneva ramdenime SedarebiT patara

151
SemaRleba. dixaguZubidan samxreTiT 100-mde metrSi, 1985 wels ar-
qeolog revaz papuaSvils Cautarebia mcire masStabis dazverviT
samuSaoebi, romlis drosac gamovlenila Sua da gvian brinjaos xanis
arqeologiuri masala. amJamad am Zegls swavloben soxumis saxel-
mwifo universitetis arqeologebi: joni afaqiZe, vaxtang jafariZe
da levan WabaSvili da germaneli arqeologebi.
kordinatebia: samarovani 0727182 4693799 `tabakona~ 0727042
4694145

sofel dRvabis bolos Tamaz jiWonaias ezos ukan aris `dixaguZu-

ba~, romelsac `tabuCas dixaguZubas~ eZaxian. misi diametri aranakleb
50 metria, simaRle 4 metramde. Tamaz jiWonaias gverdiT rezo la-
tarias kar-midamoa, iqve, gzis gadaRma givi SoTas Ze latarias ezoa,
sadac adre didi `dixaguZuba~ yofila. igi 70-ian wlebSi buldozere-
biT gadausworebiaT. `tabuCas dixaguZubis~ irgvliv da yvela zemoT
dasaxelebul pirTa ezoebSi didi raodenobiT SeimCneva adreantikuri
xanis Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
kordinatebi: 0724980 4690863

dRvabaSi mcxovreb genadi latarias informaciis safuZvelze

Zalian saintereso da mniSvnelovani Zegli vnaxeT sofel dRvabis
mimdebare tyeSi, am adgilas `onoSqeres~ eZaxian, rac sanaxSires niS-
navs, megzurobas miwevdnen avTandil WumburiZe da goga valeris Ze
lataria. Zegli warmoadgens daxloebiT 50 m. diametris naxevarsfe-
ros moyvanilobis xelovnur miwazvinuls _ `dixaguZubas~, romlis
simaRle 3 metramdea. gars uvlis Zveli arxi. dixaguZubis irgvliv,
sakmaod vrcel teritoriaze vizualurad SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi, baTqaSebi, widebi, naxSiri.
kordinatebia: 0724267 4689231

`onoSqeres~ samxreTiT daxloebiT 700 metris daSorebiT mdi-

nare munCiis marjvena mxares aris yanebi, romelsac `medanis naka-
rus~ eZaxian, adre aq `dixaguZuba~ yofila, naxnavebSi SeimCneva Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi, baTqaSebi.
kordinatebi: 0724362 4688546

`medanis nakarudan~ odnav samxreT_dasavleTiT, mdinare munCiis

marjvena mxares, tyeSi aris adgili, romelsac `lanjoni~ qvia, rac
kopitnars niSnavs, mdinaridan samasiode metrSi tyeSi mindoria,
romlis SuaSi aris daxloebiT 50 metri diametris xelovnuri miwaz-
vinuli _ `dixaguZuba~, misi simaRle 2 metramdea (sur. 107). megzu-
robas levan nadareiSvili gviwevda. aqedan dasavleTiT Svidasiode

152
metris daSorebiT tyeSi SemTxveviT wavawydiT patara 5 metri dia-
metris `dixaguZubas~, romlis gverdebze vizualurad SeiniSneboda
Tixis WurWlis mcire fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebi: `lanjoni~ 0721941 4687693
`patara dixaguZuba~ 0721205 4687892

bia-sajijaos sazRvarze mdinare xobiswylis marjvniv Walebs uxs-

ovari droidan saxnav-saTesad iyenebdnen. aq, Walis Sua gulSi aris
samkuTxedis formis SemaRleba, romelic aRmosavleTidan dasavle-
Tisken aris damxrobili. aRmosavleTiT misi sigane 120-150 metramde
meryeobs, dasavleTisken igi viwrovdeba, misi sigrZe 800 metramdea,
SemaRlebis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebare xelovnur miwazvi-
nuls adgilobrivebi `naoxvamus~ eZaxian. misi diametri daaxloebiT
30 metria. es Zegli davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan
erTad. nayar miwaSi batonma revazma ipova Zalze sqelkedliani (2 sm.),
Savzedapiriani didi zomis Tixis WurWlis fragmenti, romelic sava-
raudod Zv. w. I aTaswleulis sawyis saukuneebs unda ganekuTvnebodes.
koordinatebia 0742615 4695467

zemoT dasaxelebuli Zeglidan dasavleTiT 1,5 km-is daSorebiT

aris adgili, romelsac `iasonis~ noxori~ hqvia, aq XX saukunis I naxe-
varSi iason bigvavas ucxovria, SemorCenilia Wa, `trifoliatis~ Ro-
beebi, nagebobebis naSTebi, etyoba iasoni kargi meurne kaci yofila,
amaze metyvelebs, ezoSi SemorCenili qvitkiris sawnaxeli, romlis
sigrZe _ 4, sigane _ 1,2, xolo simaRle 1 metria. es ezo mdebareobs
md. Waniswylis marcxena mxares, mdinaresa da ezos Sua yanebia, ezoSic
da yanaSic vizualurad SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da
baTqaSebi. es adgili davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan
da adgilobriv istorikos tariel duduniasTan erTad.
koordinatebia 0741260 4695617

sajijaos sakrebulos sofel zubSi md. xobiswylis marjvena

napirze aris Walebi, romlebic mTlianad ixvneba, am adgils `na-
xangarus~ eZaxian. `xangaria~ romeliRac Zvelkolxuri warmarTuli
RvTaeba unda iyos. parmen zaqaraia SeniSnavs, rom abaSaSi, sofel
naesakuSi yofila jege xangaramis, wm. xangaramias salocavi (133; 76).
zemo dasaxelebuli yanebi Zalian nayofieri da baraqiania. adgilo-
brivi mcxovreblebi, roca vinmes locaven, etyvian _ `naxangarucalo
gifudasia~, riTac dalocvis subieqts naxangarus miwebiviT baraqia-
nobasa da nayofierebas usurveben. aq yofila adgili saxelwodebiT
`naoxvamu~, xSir SemTxvevaSi `naoxvamus~ CvenSi iseT adgils eZaxian,

153
sadac warmarTul salocavi mdgara, orive toponimi `naxangaruc~ da
`naoxvamuc~ sainteresos xdis am midamoebs, magram sawuxarod kul-
turul fenebs ver mivakvlieT. imisaTvis rom es adgili momavalSi
specialistebs ar gamorCenodaT da mieqciaT yuradReba, Sualedur
adgilze aviReT geografiuli kordinati.
kordinatebia 0255079 4703600

axali xibulis sakrebulos sofel gaSferdSi aris adgili, ro-

melsac `otures~ _ satures eZaxian, igi sakmaod maRal, strategiul
borcvis Sevakebze mdebareobs, zemodan gadahyurebs md. xobiswylis
Walebs. TviTon maRlobi xeebiTa da nar-ekliT aris dafaruli. adgi-
lobrivi mcxovrebi miuler janjRava adre meqanizatori yofila. am
adgilebSi buldozeriT muSaobisas mas SeumCnevia qvitkris kedlebi,
romelic isev miwiT daufaravs, es borcvi mdinare xobiswylis xeobs
gadahyurebs, SevniSneT Tixis WurWlis usaxuri fragmentebi, odnav
qvemoT ferdobis naSalebSi baTqaSebi SevniSneT.
koordinatebia 0255991 4703792

`otures~ samxreTiT 500-de metrSi odnav samxreTiT damxrobili

ferdobia, sadac kerZo piris Txilis plantaciaa. mas mTel sigrZeze
Camouyveba Txrili. naxnavebSi SevniSneT Tixis WurWlis fragmente-
bi, xolo TxrilSi sakmaod didi qvevri, romelic Txrilis amoRebis
dros dauzianebiaT, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebTan erTad SeiniSneba
baTqaSebic, etyoba am midamoebSi mravalfeniani arqeologiuri Zegli
unda yofiliyo, romlis zeda fenebi miwis damuSavebis dros cxadia
mniSvnelovnaT dazianda.
koordinatebia 0257245 4702441

gaSferdSi xobi-xibula-Cxorowyus saavtomobilo gzis marjvena

mxares mcxovreb emzar geleniZisa da misi mezoblebis ezoebis uka-
na mxares SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, baTqaSebi, rkinis
widebi. adgilobrivebi yvebian aq aRmoCenili brinjaosa da oqros
nivTebis Sesaxeb, Tumca Cven am nivTebs ver mivakvlieT. es adgili
xobiswylis marjvena napirze mdebareobs, mdinaremde daaxloebiT
erTi km-ia da mTlianad saxnavi Walebia. TviT dasaxleba am Walebze
maRla daaxlobiT 7-8 metris SemaRlebaze mdebareobs, adgilobrivi
meqanizatori miuler janjRava irwmuneba, rom mas aq traqtoriT
muSaobisas qviTkris kedlebis naSTebic unaxavs.
koordinatebia 0257245 4702441

axal xibulas sakrebulos sofel zubSi givi gogias ezos `naoxva-

mus~ eZaxian, rac megruli sityvaa da niSnavs adgils, sadac `oxvame~ _

154
salocavi idga. TviT saxelwodebidan gamomdinare es adgili Zalian
sainteresoa, teritoriis daTvalierebisas SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi. ojaxis ufrosis cnobiT, aq miwis samuSaoebis Sesrule-
bisas wlebis ukan upovniaT mTliani doqi, adamianis Zvlebi...
`naoxvamus~ koordinatebia 0256173 4700510

axali xibulis centrTan axlos aris ubani, romelsac saadamio

qvia. aq ZiriTadad adamiebis gvaris warmomadgenlebi cxovroben. am
ubanSi dgas maRali da lamazi borcvi, romlis simaRle zRvis donidan
153 metria. borcvis Tavze daaxloebiT naxevar heqtramde farTobis
davakebaa, romelzedac cxovrobs varadebul adamias ojaxi. ezos
dasavleTiT dgas fuZeSi wakveTili kvercxis formis patara lamazi
borcvi, romlis simaRle 7-8 metri, xolo diametri 15-20 metri iq-
neba. mis ferdobebze SeimCneva baTqaSebi. am goraks adgilobrivebi
saadamios `kurkucias~ eZaxian, kurkucias ki samegreloSi patara
lamaz momrgvalebur borcvs uwodeben.
koordinatebia: 0254753 4701930

Zvel xibulaSi soflis centridan odnav Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT

mdebareobs am sofelSi yvelaze maRali borcvi saxelwodebiT `nage-
luanu~, romlis simaRle zRvis donidan 157 metria, borcvis irgvliv
ZiriTadad qvaraiebis gvaris warmomadgenlebi cxovroben. mis fer-
dobze mravlad SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
borcvTan dasavleTiT cxovrobs pedagogi mokona qvaraia, romlis
cnobiT mas savenaxe miwis damuSavebisas unaxavs adamianis Zvlebi da
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. adgilobrivTa gadmocemiT `nageluanu~
imitom qvia, rom TiTqos Zvelad, aq, vinme gelovani cxovrobda. sxva
ufro gavrcelebuli versiaa, rom aq Zvelad gelvan qvariani dasaxle-
bula da qvaraiebis gvari TiTqos qvarianisgan momdinareobs.
koordinatebia 0746451 4705817

Zveli xibulis centridan samxreT-dasavleTiT 1,5 km-is daSore-

biT aris ubani romelsac `saqarcxios~ eZaxian, aq ZiriTadad qarcxie-
bis gvaris warmomadgenlebi cxovroben. am ubnis sasaflao sakmaod
maRal borcvze mdebareobs, borcvis Tavze didi davakebaa. Suagul sa-
saflaoze mcire mrgvali borcvia, romelsac Zalian hgavs xelovnurs.
mas adgilobrivebi `kurkucias~ eZaxian. masze mxolod erTi micvale-
bulia damarxuli, adgilobrivebi eridebian am borcvze micvalebulis
damarxvas, radgan is `naoxvamud~ miaCniaT, oxvame _ salocavs niSnavs.
sasaflaos mTel teritoriaze vizualurad SeimCneva baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia 0744569 4702158

155
 sofel zemo qvalonSi aris saxnavebi, sadac erT adils `diS naka-
ru~ qvia, rac iseT adgils niSnavs, sadac TiTqos devs karavi hqonia
gamarTuli. aq yanebis TavSi arxia gaWrili, arxis marjvena mxares
aris ori mozrdili, daaxloebiT 40 metris diametris mrgvali sfe-
rosebri SemaRlebebi, romlebic agreTve ixvneba, naxnavebSi SeiniSneba
baTqaSebi da WurWlis mcire fragmentebi. am adgilis Sesaxeb infor-
macia mogvawoda da megzuroba gagviwia adgilobrivi mcxovrebma
biWuna Raduam.
koordinatebia: 0745222 4687957

sofel Sua qvalonSi zugdidi-senakis saavtomobilo gzis marjve-

na mxares, xobisa da senakis municipalitetis administraciul sazR-
varTan, iq sadac dgas orboZiani betonis obeliski warweriT `xobi~,
aris adgili, romelsac `nandeu~ qvia, rac devis nadgoms niSnavs. aq
XX saukunis 70-ian wlebamde ucxovriaT zaur da demur SurRuliebs.
es adgili batonma demurma gviCvena. amJamad am miwebis eqvsi kvali
ar ixvneba, Semdeg ki moqmedi yanebia, romelsac arxi Camoudis, arxis
gverdze SeiniSneba baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. TviT
`nandeu~ warmoadgens ramdenime maRal mrgval SemaRlebas, erT Se-
maRlebas kveTs arxi, romlis gverdze SeimCneva kargad gamokveTili
kulturuli fenebi, SemaRlebis irgvliv aranakleb 300 metris ra-
diusSi mimofantulia Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi.
koordinatebia: 0745226 4683747 0745216 4683706

Sua qvalonis skolis ezoSi XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi Wis Txris

dros unaxavT sakmaod didi brinjaos naxevarsferoebi, im dros
skolis direqtori yofila aleqsandre cxadaia, xolo sameurneo
nawilis gamge kukuri Citaia. baton kukuris ganmartebiT sul 6
naxevarsfero yofila, romelic mogvianebiT dakargula. im droin-
deli aRmoCenis momswre pedagogma mimoza iobaZem gvaCvena CvenTvis
saintereso adgili.
koordinatebia: 0744253 4685036

sofel qvemo qvalonSi rom bevri arqeologiuri Zeglebi iyo, es

kargad Cans XX saukunis I naxevarSi foTis kolxuri kulturis mu-
zeumis erTerTi damaarseblis besarion gogoliSvilis mier Sedgenil
kolxeTis istoriuli Zeglebis sqematur rukaze, romelic foTis
muzeumSia daculi. dReisaTvis arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb in-
formacia mogvawodes am soflis mkvidrebma levan lemonjavam, zurab
lagvilavam, kaxa loluam, goderZi gaxariam da aw gansvenebulma 1928
wels dabadebulma iaSa papavam. maTi ganmartebiT bevri xelovnuri

156
miwazvinuli XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi kolxeTis dablobis Waobe-
bis daSrobisa da aTvisebis procesSi ganadgurda.
soflis gareT sofel axalsoflis mxares aris adgili, romel-
sac `sumjas~ _ sam xes eZaxian. igi Rele `japxinjis~ marcxena mxares
mdebareobs, Rele axla gasworxazebulia da arxis saxiT miedineba.
`sumjas~ midamoebSi Relis orive mxares yanebia, misi mniSvnelovani
nawili ar muSavdeba, am mxareSi CvenTvis saintereso sami adgili
vnaxeT: erTs `nandeu~, xolo meores `naanguru~ qvia. mesames saxeli
ver davadgineT. megzurobas miwevdnen gia ZiZava da qvemo qvalonis
skolis moswavle nugzar (nuti) lemonjava.
`naanguru~ niSnavs naagurevs, romelic rqmevia xelovnur miwaz-
vinuls _ `dixaguZubas~, igi XX saukunis II naxevris damdegs traqto-
rebiT gadausworebiaT da zed Cai gauSenebiaT. miuxedavad imisa, rom
vnaxeT Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi, myar kulturul
fenebs ver mivakvlieT, marTalia, Zeglis zeda fenebi waSlilia, Sesa-
Zloa qveda fenebi adgilze iyos da es adgili saTanado yuradRebas
imsaxurebs.
koordinatebia 0741796 4681736

`nandeu~ devis nadgoms niSnavs, igi yanis boloSia, aq xuTi sferu-

li (ovaluri) kvali SemogarenTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovnad maRalia,
misi zoma gvaZlevs warmodgenas aq arsebuli dixaguZubis Sesaxeb,
misi diametri ara nakleb 60-70 metri unda yofiliyo. Zegli Zlier
dazianebulia.
koordinatebia: 0740348 4681856

profesor paata cxadaias mixedviT dixaZuguro~//dixazurga-

borcvia gomozgonjilis Relesa da jafxens Soris (136; 194). Rele
jafxens japxinjsac uwodeben. bunebriv borcvze, romelic Rele
japxenis dasavleTiT 400 metris daSorebiT mdebareobs da adgilo-
brivi mosaxleoba `dixaZuguros~ uwodebs SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlisa
da baTqaSebis fragmentebi. rogorc Cans is Zvel namosaxlars unda
warmoadgendes.
koordinatebia: 0746823 4685576

kolxeTis dablobze winaqristianuli xanis namosaxlarebis

Seswavla XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi daiwyo, cnobilia am Zeglebis
saxelwodebebi: anaklias `dixaguZuba~ da qvalonis `naoxvamu~. sa-
mwuxarod wlebis Semdgom es adgilebi miviwyebul iqna. naoxvamus
adgilsamyofelis dadgenis mizniT SevxvdiT sofel qvalonisa da
rekas mcxovreblebs. namosaxlaris Sesaxeb an araferi ar icodnen,

157
an cnobebi urTierT gamomricxavi iyo. 2016 wlis dekemberSi baton
revaz papuaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT movawyveT morigi sadazvervo
gasvla sofel rekaSi. SevxvdiT adgilobriv mkvidrs zaza gogols,
romelmac migviyvana or Rrmad moxuc qalbatonTan: gvagvala naWye-
biasa da julieta CiqovanTan. maTi informaciis safuZvelze SevZeliT
Zeglis fiqsireba. igi Rele japxensa da sofel rekas Soris mdebare-
obs. naxnavebSi da Rrma sadrenaJo arxSi, TiTqmis ori metris siRrme-
mde Zalian didi raodenobiT SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis fragmentebiTa
da baTqaSebiT Sedgenili kulturuli fenebi, romelic 300 metris
sigrZeze gasdevs arxs.
koordinatebia: 0746246 4684078 0746255 4684020

Rele `japxinjis~ marjvena mxares mdebareobs adgili, romlis

saxelwodeba CvenTvis ucnobia. aq sferul (ovaluri) kvlebad dayo-
fili yanebia. naxnavebSi SeimCneva Tixis WurWlis fragmentebiTa da
baTqaSebiT.
koordinatebia: 0740851 4683626

qvemo qvalonSi Rele `jafxenis~ marjvena mxares yanebia, romel-

sac gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi amuSavebdnen levan lemonjava,
murTaz siWinava, Tamaz Sanava, zaza kokaia, raul ZaZamia da ale-
qsandre janjRava, sadac SeimCneoda baTqaSebisa da Tixis WurWlis
fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0740801 4683670

qvemo qvalonSi aris ubani, romelsac `durRenas~ eZaxian, rac

mayvlovan adgils niSnavs. am ubanSi xelovnuri miwazvinulebis mTeli
jgufia. yvelaze did borcvs ki, `gorsiolafirs~ uwodeben. profe-
sori paata cxadaia wers: `gorsiolafiri _ SemaRlebuli mindori
`durRenawyaris~ (Relea) marcxena mxares... xelovnuria. irgvliv iyo
farTo Txrili, romelSic wyali dgeboda... adgilobrivTa ganmarteba
aseTia: `mrgvalia, irgvliv arxiTaa SemozRuduli. amitomaa gor-
siolafiri, e.i. wreSemokruli, wreSemovlebuli, mrgvali, ~rsioli-
`bruali, triali, Tavbrusxveva~ (136; 202).
`gorsiolafiri~ davaTvaliereT soflis rwmunebul zurab
lagvilavasTan erTad, Tan gvaxldnen adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi,
romlebic dabejiTebiT mimtkicebdnen, rom am adgilebSi TiTqos
Zvelad `aguris qarxnebi~ iyo, radgan maT aq arsebuli baTqaSebi
aguris namtvrevebad miaCndaT. mTavari da yvelaze didi SemaRlebis
diametri aranakleb 60, xolo simaRle 2 metramdea. borcvs irgvliv
uvlis arxi, CrdiloeTiT adgilobriv mcxovrebTa sakarmidamoebia,

158
samxreTiT ki ramdenime SedarebiT dabali SemaRlebaa. yvelgan _
arxis pirebze, naSalebSi, velzec didi raodenobiT SeiniSneba Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi. Zegli daTvalierebuli aqvT ar-
qeologebs guram grigolias, revaz papuaSvils, vaxtang jafariZes.
koordinatebia: 0741933 4680549 0741872 4680549 0741872 468059
0741844 4680622 0741910 4680663 0741827 4680662

Waladidi mdinare rionis orive napirze mdebareobs, igi or nawi-

lad qvemo da zemo Waladidad iyofa, pirveli xobis municipalitetis
SemadgenlobaSi, xolo meore senakis municipalitetSi Sedis. rionis
qvemo weli yovelTvis iqcevda arqeologebis yuradRebas. interess
zrdida is, rom am mxareSi egulebodaT Zvelkolxuri qalaqi fazisi.
es midamoebi jer kidev XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi dazvera da aRnusxa
cnobilma mkvlevarma besarion gogoliSvilma. man aq arsebuli arqeo-
logiuri obieqtebi Seitana mis mier Sedgenil `kolxeTis arqeolo-
giuri Zeglebis sqematur rukaSi~, romelic daculia foTis giorgi
Citaias saxelobis kolxuri kulturis istoriis muzeumSi. marTalia
ruka sqematuria da rigi Zeglebis mdebareoba dazustebas moiTxovs,
magram igi fasdaudebel samsaxurs uwevs kolxeTis arqeologiiT
dainteresebul pirebs. amjerad Cven saubari gveqneba qvemo Waladi-
dis Zeglebze, Waladidis sakrebulo Semdegi soflebisagan Sedge-
ba: saRvamiCao, saWoWuo, saqorqio da sabaJo, romelic XIX saukunis
warmonaqmnia da dRes mis centralur nawils warmoadgens. saqorqio
rionis marcxena mxares mdebareobs, igi XIX saukunis miwurulamde
sakmaod xalxmraval sofels warmoadgenda, amJamad ki, praqtikulad
mosaxleobisagan daclilia. am mxareSi arqeologiuri Zeglebis Seswa-
vla dakavSirebulia cnobili mecnieris Teimuraz miqelaZis saxelTan
(151). man Seiswavla sabaJos centrSi mdebare kolxuri namosaxlari
saxelwodebiT `zurga~, agreTve rionis marcxena napirze saqorqioSi
mdebare namosaxlari saxelwodebiT `simagre~. sabaJoSi arqeologma
revaz papuaSvilma aRmoaCina antikuri xanis namosaxlari.
koordinatebia: `zurga~ 0731061 4678304
`simagre~ 0731763 4675992 sabaJo 0730986 4677805

2008 wlis TebervalSi Semosuli informaciis safuZvelze Wala-

didis sakrebulos sofel saqorqioSi, rionis marcxena napirze, aR-
moCnda miwisqveSa istoriuli Zegli, romelic mdinares Camourecxia.
igi davaTvaliereT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan erTad. iqve adgi-
lobriv mwyemss axmed kvaracxelias upovnia adgilobrivi warmoebis
welSezneqili II _ VI saukuneebis amfora, romelic amJamad daculia
xobis (xeTis) mxareTmcodneobisa da sabrZolo didebis muzeumSi.

159
aRniSnulis Sesaxeb ecnoba xobis municipalitetis sakrebulosa da
gamgeobas, romelmac saqmis kursSi Caayena kulturisa da ZeglTa
dacvis saministro. 13 marts movlenil iqna eqspertTa jgufi Semdegi
SemadgenlobiT: nika anTiZe, daviT lomitaSvili, paata gafrindaSvi-
li. maT xobis sakrebulosa da gamgeobis wevrebTan erTad daaTva-
lieres aRniSnuli adgilebi. vinaidan Zegls ganadgureba emuqreboda,
gadawyda misi arqeologiuri Seswavla. 2008 wlis rusulma okupaciam
Zeglis Seswavla Seaferxa. miuxedavad omiT gamowveuli sirTuleebisa
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mxardaWeriTa da dafinansebiT gadar-
CeniTi samuSaoebi Catarda mecnierebis: leri jiblaZis, revaz da
nana papuaSvilebis monawileobiT. preparaciis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom
Senobis gadarCenili nawili warmoadgenda TaRebiT gamoyvanil sami
qurisagan Sedgenil saSrobs, romelic arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis
ganmartebiT Zalian hgavs Tbilisis abreSumis muzeumSi arsebul
parksaSrobis maketebs. unda SevniSnoT, rom nagebobidan orasi metris
radiusSi SeiniSneba aguris Senobebis kvali, rac imaze miuTiTebs,
rom aq saqme gvaqvs sakmaod seriozul da did warmoebasTan. aRmoCena
did samsaxurs gauwevs saqarTvelos axali istoriis SeswavliT dain-
teresebul mkvlevarebs, miTumetes, rom msgavsi zomisa da masStabis
sawarmos arseboba samegreloSi aqamde ar dadasturebula.
koordinatebia: 0732330 4675680

sofeli saqorqio mdinare rionis marcxena mxares mdebareobs.

Zalian saintereso aRnagoba aqvs am soflis sasaflaos, igi Zalian
gavs tipiur xelovnur namosaxlars _ dixaguZubas, romlis diametric
daaxloebiT 60 metramdea, Cven aq ver SevZeliT dagvefiqsirebina
kulturuli fenebi, magram yuradReba mainc saWiroa, mas zed ekvris
wagrZelebuli elifsis formis SemaRleba, romlis sigrze 300 metrs,
xolo maqsimaluri sigane Sua welSi 80 metrs aRwevs,zed ramdenime
sakarmidamo nakveTia, Sua adgilze gia talaxaZe cxovrobs. mis ezoSi
vizualurad Cans Tixis WurWlisa da baTqaSebis fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 0729170 4675396 sasaflao 0729251 4675638
0729522 4675582

mdinareebs rionsa da fiCors Soris, rom bevri arqeologiuri

Zegli unda arsebobdes, maSin davrwmundiT, rodesac am midamoebSi
vnaxeT arqeologiuri obieqtebi. pirveli _ rionidan samxreTiT 1
km-iT aris daSorebuli, am adgils qvia `ananias kare~, meore _ 2 km-
iT da `Tolordavas kare~ ewodeba, mesames ki _ `luduki joloxavas
kares~ eZaxian. TiToeuli Zeglis farTobi daaxloebiT or heqtram-
de iqneba, gansakuTrebiT didia mesame, romlis farTobi or heqtars

160
mniSvnelovnad aWarbebs. aq SemaRlebebi maRali ar aris, magram yvela
maTgani kargad ikveTeba. yvelgan zedapirzeve vizualurad Cans agu-
rismagvari masa _ egreT wodebuli baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis frag-
mentebi. megzurobas gviwevda Waladideli elguja msxalaZe. nodar
wulaias miTiTebiT arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan erTad davaTva-
liereT rions gaRma adgili, romelsac `kintirias nakarus~ eZaxian.
Waobian tyeSi SemaRlebaa, Tumca kulturuli fenebi ver vnaxeT.
koordinatorebia: `ananiaS kare~ _ 0734965 4674953 0735063
4674447
`Tolordavas kare _ 0734986 4673785 0735020 4673723
0735022 4673774 0735037 4673839 0734999 46733687
`luduki joloxavas kare~ _ 0735907 4672983 0735879 4673057
0735999 4672998 0735974 4673040 0735943 4672997
0735907 4672983 0735848 4673093
`kintiriaS nakaru~ 0730641 4675690

WaladidSi rions gamoRma arsebul tyeSi, romelsac metyeveebi

`dixaguZubas~ eZaxian arqeolog revaz papuaSvilTan erTad davafi-
qsireT ori Zegli _ erTi Rele `nutrias~ midamoebSi, meore ki, misgan
odnav Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT daaxloebiT 3 km-is daSorebiT, rome-
lic aseve farTobiT Zalian didia. megzurobas gviwevdnen gia cxa-
daia, adgilobrivi mkvidri zolin gabelaia da mwyemsi roin naWyebia.
Zeglebis koordinatebia:
`nutria~ _ 0724618 4677192 0724585 4677109 0724500 4677083
saxelwodebis gareSe _ 0727388 4678564 0727344 4678533
0727290 4678490 0727354 4678489 0727241 4678431
0727269 4678402 0727243 4678311

Waladidis uban `saberZenoSi~, nona gogberaSvilis ezos ukan

dgas lamazi cacxvis xe. rogorc ojaxis diasaxlisma agvixsna, am
ezoSi adre qorqiebs ucxovriaT. cacxvis ukan yofila SemaRleba. am
cacxvs `oxvames~ _ salocavs uwodebdnen. adre sxva cacxvi mdgara.
igi romeliRac qorqias mouWria, rasac mohyolia am ojaxis ramdenime
wevris moulodneli gardacvaleba. Semdgom aq es cacxvi daurgavT,
dargvis win xurda fuli CauyolebiaT. qalbatonis ganmartebiT am
xis yvelas eSinia da aqedan xmel totsac ar aiReben. xis ukan sakmaod
didi adgili CaRrmavebulia, 80-iani wlebis bolos momxdari wyal-
didobis Semdeg aqedan miwa wauRiaT rionis mier daSlili dambebis-
jebirebis aRsadgenad. SeiniSneba baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis mcire
fragmentebi.
koordinatebia: 07322430 4676448

161
 zemoT dasaxelebuli cacxvidan samasiode metrSi gela qorqias
kar-midamoa, misi orsarTuliani saxli sakmaod vrcel da mrgval
SemaRlebaze dgas, igi am adgilisTvis sakmaod ucxoa da Tavisi si-
maRliTa da moculobiT TvalSisacemia, Zalian gavs xelovnur miwa-
zvinuls. am adgilidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT xuTasiode metrSi
yanaa, sadac erT adgils `mancxvarkari~ _ macxovarkari qvia. es yana
gela qorqias ekuTvnis. aq SeiniSneba adreqristianuli xanis agurebi
da Tixis WurWlis mcire fragmentebi, romlis gaTvaliswinebiT da
saxelwodebidan gamomdinare SesaZloa aq adreuli xanaSi qristianuli
taZari mdgariyo.
koordinatebia:
gela qorqias ezo _ 0732646 4676199 `mancxvarkari~ _ 0733115
4676403

Waladidis sofel saRvamiCaos midamoebSi, mdinare rionis mar-

jvena napirze arqeolog revaz papuaSvilis mier Seswavlil iqna XVIII
_ XIX saukuneebis kulturuli fenebi, romlebic didi albaTobiT,
liTonwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saxelosnoTa naSTs unda warmoad-
gendnen. es Zegli daTvalierebuli aqvs arqeolog iulon gagoSiZes.
koordinatebia: 0734185 4676332

sofeli yulevi mdinare xobiswylis SesarTavTan mdebareobs, es

sofeli da misi Semogareni Zalian mdidaria arqeologiuri ZeglebiT.
aq pirveli dasaxlebebi gvxvdeba Cvens eramde II aTaswleulis Sua xane-
bidan. pirvelad arqeologiuri samuSaoebi Caatara nino xoStariam XX
saukunis 40-ian wlebSi, 1972-1973 wlebSi Temur miqelaZem da daviT
xaxutaiSvilma, 1978 wels dimitri axvledianma. 1999-2006 wlebSi yu-
levSi sazRvao terminalis mSeneblobis paralelurad mimdinareobda
arqeologiuri samuSaoebi, romelsac arqeologi revaz papuaSvili
xelmZRvanelobda. arqeologiuri kvlevebi mdinare xobiswylis ori-
ve napirze mimdinareobda. aq mopovebuli arqeologiuri masalebi
warmodgenili iyo germaniaSi boxumisa da visbadenis saerTaSoriso
gamofenaze. vinaidan samuSaoebi mimdinareobda dRevandeli termina-
lis ezosa da dRes arsebul saporto akvatoriis teritoriaze, Cven
pirobiTad davsviT ori wertili (152):
terminalis ezo: 0717755 4683356
xobiswylis saporto akvatoria: 0717699 4683776

yulevi-nabadis gzaze aris adgili, romelsac `Ceqmas naxeka~ qvia,

rac Ceqmis nafxeks niSnavs, igi warmoadgens daaxloebiT 15 metri
diametris miwazvinuls, mis irgvliv daaxloebiT 1500 kv. metri miwa

162
SesamCnevad maRalia, TviT miwazvinuli qviSiania, zed ramdenime fiW-
vis xe dgas. aqedan zRvamde daaxloebiT 250 metria. xalxuri gadmo-
cemiT yulevidan foTSi mimavali jari aq ifxekda Ceqmas. XX saukuni
Sua xanebSi am borcvze mdgara TeTri qva-sveti, amitom adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba am adgils `Cequasac~ eZaxis, rac TeTr qvas niSnavs (136;
225). aq Cven arqeologiuri masalis kvali vizualurad ver SevniSneT,
magram Tavisi formisa da saxelwodebis gamo movniSneT, radgan Sesa-
Zloa kulturul fenebs miwis sqeli fena faravdes.
kordinatebia: 0718443 4679933.

yulevis sazRvao terminalis sastumrosa da mdinare civas Sesar-

Tavamde arsebuli teritoria warmoadgens arqeologiur obieqts. es
adgili XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi nawilobriv Seiswavla arqeologma
daviT xaxutaiSvilma, aq aRmoCnda, rogorc brinjaos xanis, aseve
adreuli Suasaukuneebis naqalaqaris naSTebi. 2008 wlis bolos zemoT
aRniSnul sastumrosa da xobiswyals Soris gauTxriaT wyalsawreti
arxi, miwis nayars amohyolia didi raodenobiT sxvadasxva periodis
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi da baTqaSebi. aq movniSneT ori wertili.
koordinatebia: 0718059 4683460 0717982 4683478

yulevSi, iq, sadac mdinare civi yvelaze ufro uaxlovdeba zRvas

da uxvevs CrdiloeTiT, orive napirze Zalian mniSvnelovani Zegli
mdebareobs. mas XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi ikvlevda cnobili mecnieri
nino xoStaria, xolo 1978 wels mcire maStabis zedapiruli sada-
zvervo samuSaoebi Caatara dimitri axvledianma. yulevSi sazRvao
terminalis mSeneblobis dros mimdinare arqeologiuri samuSaoebis
mimdinareobisas revaz papuaSvilma Caatara garkveuli manipulaciuri
samuSaoebi. aq brinjaos xanis namosaxlaria, adrebizantiur periodSi
ki, qalaqis tipis dasaxleba unda yofiliyo. fiqsirebulia sami nage-
bobis naSTi. erTi eklesiaa, SemorCenilia saZirkveli, iatakis naSTebi
da akldama. mTlianad namosaxlars mdinaris orive mxares aranakleb
xuTi ha teritoria ukavia. cnobilia, rom andria pirvelwodebulma
Savi zRvis sanapiro gaiara, amitom samarTlianad meCveneba baton
revaz papuaSvilis varaudi, rom SesaZloa es eklesia yvelaze Zveli
aRmoCndes saqarTveloSi. aqamde aq Catarebuli samuSaoebis Sedegebi,
iZleva imis Tqmis safuZvels, rom aq farTomasStabiani samuSaoebi
unda Catardes.
koordinatebia : 0718470 4680884

yulevSi, mdinare xobiswylis marcxena napirze wyalsaqaCis ukan

SeiniSneboda Zveli namosaxlarebis naSTi, romlis Sesaxeb migviTiTa

163
arqeologma revaz papuaSvilma. Cven kulturuli fenebi ver davafi-
qsireT, vinaidan didi albaTobiT is xobiswyalma CamoSala da waiRo.
kordinatebia: 0721055 4683660

mdinare xobiswylis marjvena napirze yulevis terminalis sapor-

to akvatoriis aRmosavleTiT SeiniSneba Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi
da baTqaSebi.
kordinatebia: 0718396 4683580

sofel patara foTSi administraciuli Senobis aRmosavleTiT,

daaxloebiT 500-ode metrSi sakmaod vrceli yanebia, romelic peda-
gog nestan xurcilavas informaciis safuZvelze davaTvaliereT. aq
vizualurad Cans sxvadasxva periodis da maT Soris moWiquli Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi. CvenTvis saintereso adgili daaxloebiT 0,4
heqtaria. mas Suaze yofs patara arxi.
koordinatebia: 0725794 4673564

patara foTSi, rionis marcxena napirze `SavReleSi~ aWarlebi

cxovroben. am dasaxlebasTan arc Tu ise Sors Zveli namosaxlarebia.
pirvels `namarnu~ qvia, igi warmoadgens daaxloebiT 50 m. diametris
xelovnur miwazvinuls `dixaguZubas~. misi mcire nawili tyeSi gzis
gayvanis dros dauzianebiaT, borcvis SuagulSi dgas muxa. meore
Zegls `mozva kvaracxelias kares~ eZaxian, mozva (ivliane) yofila
egeri, mas aq hqonia droebiTi sacxovrebeli _ egeris saxli. am saxlis
maxloblad md. nedarTus da misi Senakadi _ patara Reles daRrmave-
bis dros eqskavators amouyria Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi, baTqaSi
da naxSiri. mas amis Sesaxeb ucnobebia revaz papuaSvilisTvis. Zegls
SemaRlebebi ar gaaCnia, igi `nedarTus~ arxis napirze mdebareobs,
vizualurad SeiniSneba baTqaSebi da Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi.
revaz papuaSvilis mixedviT aq Zv. w. VI _ V saukuneebSi baTqaSiT Se-
lesili xis Senoba-nagebobaTa komleqsi arsebobda da am namosaxlaris
safuZvlian Seswavlas didi mniSvneloba aqvs antikuri xanis qalaq-
fazisis lokalizaciis problematikasTan mimarTebaSi.
koordinatebia: `namarnu~ 0728923 4670760 mozva 0729601 4670677

paliastomis tbaze mdinare Wuriis SesarTavTan patara kunZulia,

romelzedac jvaria aRmarTuli, am adgils `naeklesiars~ eZaxian.
SesaZloa aq iyo qalaq fasisis samxreTiT mdebare taZari, romelsac
VI s. avtori agaTia sqolastikosi `qristianeTa Soris saxelganTq-
mul taZars~ uwodebs (3; 112-113). vaxuSti batoniSvili paliastomis
tbis Sesaxeb ambobs: `amas ityvian naqalaqevs da Semdgomad moculs
wylisgan~ (33; 790). am taZridan unda iyos quTaisis bagratis taZris

164
xati _ `paliastomis RvTismSobeli~, romelic daculia quTaisis
saxelmwifo muzeumSi. es xati quTaisSi yofnisas 1650-1655 wleb-
Si unaxavT rus elCebs nikifore toloCanovsa da aleqsi ievlievs,
maTTvis uambiaT, rom `cixe-qalaq paliastomis da misi sakrebulo
taZris wyalSi CaZirvas es xati saswaulebrivad gadaurCao da ta-
Zris mTavar xucesma quTaisSi moasvenao. roca rus elCebs ukiTxavT
quTaTel mitropolit zaqariasaTvis `paliastomis RvTismSoblis
xatTan dakavSirebuli ambebis sisworis Sesaxeb, mas daudasturebia
da uTqvams, rom Zvel wignebSi ase weriao (12; 138-139). samwuxaroa,
rom am wignebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. profesor guram grigolias
senakis raionis sofel sagviCioSi Cauweria legenda, romlis mixed-
viTac zemoTxsenebuli eklesia andria mociquls auSenebia (153; 55).
SesaZloa legenda sinamdviles Seesabamebodes. 1947 wlis `zugdidis
istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis SromebSi~ gamoqveynebulia 1910
wlis 4 dekembers Tedo Jordanias mier iona meunargiasadmi gagza-
vnili werili, sadac is ambobs: `foTis zRvisagan daRupvis ambavi
miTologia rodia, arc paliastomis RvTismSoblis ambavia sityvis
masalad xmarebuli, radgan (gwamdes) me usabuTod aras vwer (36; 24).
samwuxarod CvenTvis ucnobia, ra sabuTebi gaaCnda Tedo Jordanias.
mdinare fiCoris SesarTavidan daaxloebiT 5 km-is daSorebiT,
am mdinaris marjvena napirze, kolxeTis erovnul parks turiste-
bisaTvis mowyobili aqvs dasasvenebeli adgili, romelsac pirobiTad
`sapiknike~ vuwodeT. aq daaxloebiT 0.3 ha mSrali da SemaRlebuli
adgilia. erTgan SeiniSneba mcire zomis mrgvali borcvi. SesarTavi-
dan 2 km-is daSorebiT aris xelovnuri SemaRleba, romelsac `RodoS
nakaru~ qvia. paliastomis tbis dasavleT nawils `natexebs~ eZaxian,
vinaidan aq tbis fskeri Tixis WurWlis fragmentebiT aris mofenili.
am adgilis Sesaxeb Zalian saintereso naSromi aqvs gamoqveynebuli
arqeolog gela gamyreliZes (154; 56). mkvlevar zurab kutaleiS-
vilis mixedviT `xandazmulTa gadmocemiT, paliastomis tbasTan,
foTis ganapiras, arsebobda ori salocavi adgili _ erTi navisaTvis
gankuTvnili _ `oniSe oxvamuri~, xolo meore _ TevzisTvis _ oCxo-
muri oxvamuris~ saxelwodebiT~ (155; 264).
naeklesiari 0727443 4668550 sapiknike 0732980 4669294
RodoS nakaru 0729356 4669128 natexebi 0723984 4664749

Zveli kolxeTis uZvelesi qalaqis fazisis aRmoCena nebismieri

arqeologis ocnebaa. samwuxarod es sakiTxi jerjerobiT gadauwyve-
telia. Tanamedrove foTis centridan 5-6 kilometris daSorebiT aris
adgili, romelsac `najixurs~ uwodebdnen. aq 1834 wels diubua de
monperes unaxavs Zveli nacixari, romelsac oTxkuTxa moyvanilobis

165
yofila, kuTxeebSi aguriT nagebi 40 nabijis sigrZisa da siganis koS-
kebi mdgara. isini erTmaneTTan miwazvinuliT yofila SeerTebuli.
simagres karibWe samxreTidan hqonia datanebuli. rogorc profesori
guram grigolia wers `es Zegli Tavisi koSkebiTa da miwazvinuliT
1959_1960 wlebSi mTlianad daungreviaT foTis aerodromis mSeneblo-
bisas, TviTmfrinavis dasafreni moednis amaRlebis mizniT (153; 39-40).
arqeologi gela gamyreliZe miiCnevs, rom: `klasikuri da elinisturi
xanis fasisi saZebnelia q. foTidan daaxloebiT 12 km. radiusis far-
glebSi _ xmeleTsa da zRvaSi. ufro konkretulad ki yulev-foTi-
sufsis da Waladid-saqorqios Soris mdebare samkuTxedSi. lokaluri
geomorfuli cvlilebebis gamo: mdinareebis mier gamotanili naSali
masalis akumulacia zRvispireTSi; torfis Sreebis moZraoba; niadagis
Warbtenianoba; zRvis donis cvalebadoba da sxv. safiqrebelia, rom q.
fasisis nawili xSirad xvdeboda wyalSi. amitom qalaqi fasisi xsene-
buli samkuTxedis farglebSi, sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxva adgilze
inacvlebda~ (154; 76). arqeologi revaz papuaSvili da geografi zurab
janeliZe maT xelT arsebuli arqeologiuri da geografiuli xasiaTis
monacemebze dayrdnobiT fiqroben, rom teritoria foTis aRmosavleT
kididan mdinare nadarTumde da paliastomis tbidan mdinare rionamde,
arqeologiuri TvalsazrisiT metad perspeqtiuli regionia da moma-
valSi mniSvnelovani aRmoCenebia savaraudo (156; 37).
vfiqrobT saWiroa da saSuri saqmea zemoT xsenebuli terito-
riebze arqeogeoradiolokaciuri kvlevebis Catareba da Semdgom
arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Catareba.
koordinatebia: 0722701 4671889 0722834 4671751

166
 VIII afxazeTis kaTalikosis
grigol lorTqifaniZis wyalobis wigni
SuSaniebisadmi
2010 wels xobSi saintereso dokumenti iqna aRmoCenili. esaa
afxazeTis kaTolikos grigol lorTqifaniZis wyalobis wigni azn-
aur SuSaniebisadmi. grigol lorTqifaniZes afxazeTis kaTolikosis
taxti 1696-1742 wlebSi ekava. sabuTi XX saukunis 70-ian wlebamde
daculi yofila xobSi mcxovreb artem SuSanias ojaxSi. Semdgom igi
gadauciaT xobSi moRvawe istoriis meTodist-maswavlebel eTer biwa-
ZisaTvis, romelmac is miawoda xobis wminda samebis eklesiis moZRvar
kirion daraselias, man ki, aRniSnuli dokumenti Cven gadmogvca.
kaTolikosi grigol lorTqifaniZe saqarTvelos istoriaSi cno-
bilia, rogorc uaRresad dadebiTi da zedmiwevniT saxelmwifoebri-
vad moazrovne pirovneba. igi daxmarebas uwevda mosaxleobas. ebrZoda
tyveebiT vaWrobas, mahmadianobis gavrcelebas. mas im dros mouxda
moRvaweoba, rodesac aqtiurad grZeldeboda engurs gaRma Crdilo
kavkasielebis Camosaxleba, amitomac aqtiurad muSaobda CrdiloeT
kavkasiaSi qristianuli rwmenis gavrcelebisa da gaZlierebisaTvis.
`wyalobis wigni~ daTariRebuli ar aris, xelnaweri Sesrulebu-
lia qaRaldze, mxedruli asoebiT, romlis zomebia 36 X 11.5 sm. Tavi
da bolo odnav naklulia. teqsti dauweria kaTolikos grigol lor-
TqifaniZis karis mwirvel mRvdelmonazon maqsimes, sakmaod iolad
ikiTxeba. sabuTSi ixsenieba sofeli `muSabaTi~, es dRevandeli uSafa-
Tia, sadac mogvianebiT cxovrobdnen SuSaniebi. teqstSi ixseniebian
giorgi kanelaki, gaxi grigolaia, koCa arCaia, maxarobel qavTaria
da iese kalanaZe. dokumentze zonriT dakrulia furceli, romlis
teqsti adasturebs mis namdvilobas, igi samegrelos mmarTvelobis
sabWos mier aris dawerili 1860 wlis 20 maiss da dadasturebulia
misive beWdiT. vfiqrobT, afxazeTis kaTolikosis grigol lorTqi-
faniZis wyalobis wigni SuSaniebisadmi saintereso wyaroa dasavleT
saqarTvelos saeklesio, socialur-politikuri da ekonomikuri is-
toriis SeswavliT dainteresebul pirTaTvis.
warmogidgenT afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTolikos
grigol lorTqifaniZis wyalobis wigns SuSaniebisadmi:
`q. Cuen [ ] kurTxeulman afxazeTisa kzn. (kaTalikozman) patron-
man grigol ese wyalobisa wigni giboZe Sen SuSanias xuces gabriels
da Sens Zmas mamisTvals da [ ] da sxvaTa SvilTa da STamomavalTa ase
da amas pirsa zeda rome Seni saxlikaci Zvelad egurs gaRma esaxla
da kargi mosaxle aznaurisSvilni yofiliyvnen Tqveni Zvelni, mer-
meT JamTa viTarebisagan qvemoT qveyana afxazisgan wamxdariyo da

167
mamaSeni daviT kzs. (kaTalikozs) muSabaTs erCina zarelu soulSi,
mermeT Cven cotas saqmezed gagiwyereT da Rvinis begara dagadevi,
gavSinjeT kidev da jer begara ar gmarTebdaT Tqvens saxliskacs, Zi-
rad aznaurisSvili iyaviT, mermeT oblebi iyaviT da Cveni [ ] da Cveni
Semdgomi kzisgan (kaTalikozisagan) Tqven [ ] begara ar geTxovebodes
rac Tqvens Zvels gvaris kacs egurs gaRma rac marTeb da imis meti,
awe ramanca Zeman kacisaman es Cvengan boZebuli wyalobis wigni Tqven
SegiSalos, da rac Tqveni Zvelis gvaris kacs ara marT [ ] is begara
dagadvas, risxavs Tavad RT. (RmerTi) da yovlad wmida miWvintisa
RvTs. (RvTismSobeli) da Cvensa da Cveni Semdgomi kaTalikozis wye-
vaca Serisxavs [ ] mnaTe Cveni senaks kanelaki giorgi, Cveni xelosani
maxarobel qavTaria da gaxi grigolaia, Cveni fareSi koCa arCaia da
iese mkervali kalanaZe, sxva sruli Cveni kars mdegni didni da mci-
redni, damiweria me kaTalikozis karis mwirvels mRvdelmonazons
maqsimes da mowameca var~.

168
sur. 86. xibulas cixe. foto mogvawoda irakli Soniam

sur. 87. zenis cixe

 sur. 88. xeTis cixe. ezo da CrdiloeTis koSki

sur. 89. isrispirebi sur. 90. brinjaos grifoni

yurumulias cixidan `miqangariodan~
sur. 91. agurebisa da kramitis fragmentebi `maCxomeridan~

sur. 92. kedlis naSTi xobis sur. 93. qvis `salesi~ xobis
monasterTan sasaflaoze monastris Zvelkolxuri
namosaxlaridan
sur. 94. kaJis CasarTavebi sur. 95. kaJis Subispirebi gaRma
`domentiS noxori~ da sajijaodan da biadan
`otoronjedan~

sur. 96. brinjaos satevrebi da culi xobiswylidan

 sur. 97. brinjaos culi sur. 98. brinjaos culi
xobiswylidan xobidan

sur. 99. brinjaos situlas sur. 100. brinjaos samajurebi

yuri xamiskuridan
 sur. 101. brinjaos culi sur. 102. brinjaos samajuri
Torsidan nojixevidan

sur. 103. qiosuri amforis sur. 104. sinopuriri amforis

piryeli Torsidan piryeli Torsidan

sur. 105. doqi gurifulidan sur. 106. qvevrispiri

nojixevidan
 sur. 107. md. Wuriis qvemo welze dixaguZuba _ `lanjoni~

sur. 108. xobis (xeTis) sabrZolo didebisa da mxareTmcodneobis

muzeumi
 sur. 109. kolxuri sur.110. xeTis muzeumis eqsponatebi
welSezneqili amfora

sur. 111. Zuku loluas saxelobis xobis qarTuli xalxuri

simReris muzeumi (samegrelo)
 Summary
This book covers the existing sites of cultural heritage located on the territory of
the Khobi municipality. The brief description has been published. 275 sites have been
revealed within this research, including a church _ 16, a site of former church _ 31, a
fortress-tower and other premises _ 21, and archaeological objects _ 207. The coor-
dinates of the objects/sites of the cultural heritage have been identified by the satellite
equipment (GPS), through the UTM's coordination net. It is necessary to take this
data into account while performing urban planning and compiling cadastral maps.
The Khobi municipality is located in the middle of the Kolkheti plate seashore,
in the lower part of the river Rioni and Khobistskali. The ancient Colchian town
Phazisi was located here once. This region was one of the most important centers of
colonic culture and development. That is why many archaeological sites have been
observed here.
The current work on the Cultural Heritage will serve as a guideline to the com-
munity and will create a general view on this issue; it will assist persons and institu-
tions concerned in protecting and studying the monuments, so that they can establish
the ways and means to safeguard and maintain them for future generations.
Khobi Monastery is one of the most important centers of the Christian world.
Khobi's chapel has been long attracting both local and foreign pilgrims, scientists
and travelers from ancient times. There were a tunic of Holy Virgin Mary, parts of
John the Baptist and St. George Bishop, an arm of St. Marine, a hand of St. Kvirike,
a few hairs of Savior's beard, a sponge, which was used to give Savior vinegar while
on the cross, a part of the True Cross, a multipart icon of Queen Tamar’s mother
Queen Bordokhan, King David Aghmashenebeli’s (the Builder) and Queen Tamar’s
pendant crosses, precious icons... Greek and Latin sources do not mention the Virgin
Mary’s tunic among Her preserved sacred items in Constantinople. It seems that the
tunic was not brought to Georgia from Constantinople. According to the King of
Imereti King Bagrat Aleksandre 1669, the tunic is thought to be brought by the King
of Georgia David Aghmashenebeli (1089-1125). Yet, it is possible that it had been
brought in earlier centuries.
The Khobi Monastery is an architectural complex and consists of a temple, a
bell tower, a fence of the church, a cathedral and other structures. The Cathedral is
named the Dormition of Virgin Mary. The church had been altered many times until
it reached us the way it is now. The church took its basic shape at the end of the XIII
century. The temple is decorated with frescoes of XIII, XIV, and XVII centuries.
For centuries Khobi represented the old Dadiani crypt of the rulers of Same-
grelo and then the residence of Catholicos of Abkhazia (Western Georgia) in late
medieval times.
In 1923, the Soviet authorities banned the liturgy in the Khobi Monastery and
hid the relics, including the tunic of Virgin Mary in Zugdidi museum.

169
 The archaeological excavations conducted in 2009-2016 revealed that the cur-
rent building of the church is built on the site of a former big church. At the same
time, old colonial settlements of the VIII-VII centuries before Christ were found on
the territory of the monastery.
On September 16 1989, Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II restored the
liturgy in the Khobi Monastery.
Khobi Monastery represents a monument of national importance.
Interesting objects of cultural heritage are: Architectural complexes of St. Giorgi
in the village Khetisjegeta and of St. Sophia in the village of 1st May, fortress Khibula
in the old village Khibula, fortress Kheta in the village Khamiskuri, fortress Jakhuti
in the village 1st May, fortress Zeni in the village Sajijao. Remains of premises of
unknown origin constructed from dry stones have been found on Mount Urta, includ-
ing `cromlech~, large stone rocks placed in the village Old Khibula that resemble
`menhirs~; though it is difficult to say anything precisely about these sites so far.
Khobi museum of `Study of Local History and Military Glory~ in the Khet-
ashiari village and `Dzuku Lolua Museum of Georgian Folk Songs~ in the city of
Khobi (Samegrelo).

170
 Резюме
В книге описаны объекты культурного наследия, существующие на тер-
ритории Хобского муниципалитета. В результате исследования выявлено 275
объектов: церквей _ 47, из которых 31 разрушены коммунистами в 20-30-ых
годах ХХ века, 21 крепостей, археологических объектов _ 207. Координаты
объектов культурного наследия зафиксированы сателитическим прибором
(GPS), посредством координационной сетки UTM. Эти данные необходимо
предусматривать во время градостроения и составления кадастровых карт.
Хобский муниципалитет находится по берегам рек Риони и Хобисцкали
в середине приморской полосы Колхидской низменности. Здесь находился
древнейший колхидский город Фазиси. Этот регион был одним из значитель-
ных центров зачатия и развития Колхидской культуры, В связи с чем здесь
сохранилось и было обнаружено множество археологических объектов.
Книга выполнит функцию путеводителя и создаст представление обще-
ству о культурном наследии Хобского муниципалитета, поможет заинтересо-
ванным лицам и организациям при изучении памятников, разработке путей и
мероприятий для их защиты и сохранения для будущих поколений.
Хобский монастырь является значительным центром Христианского
мира. Он с древних времен притягивал к себе как местных, так и иностранных
паломников, ученых, путешественников. Здесь хранился Хитон пресвятой
Богородицы, святые мощи Иоанна Крестителя, Великомученика Св. Георгия,
правая рука с кистью мученицы Св. Марины, Кисть Руки Св. Кирика, несколь-
ко волосинок от бороды Спасителя, губка, которой поднесли уксус к губам
Спасителя, часть Креста, на котором был распят спаситель, Икона королевы
Бордохан _ матери Царицы Тамары, в которой хранился 52 Св. Мощей, Кре-
сты царя Давида Агмашенебели (Строителя) и царицы Тамары, ценнейшие
старинные Иконы, рукописи…
Греческие и латинские источники не упоминают о Хитоне Богородицы,
защищенной среды Святынь Богородицы в Константинополе. Согласно по
доступным нам источникам, Хитон пресвятой богородицы, вероятно, не был
привезен в Грузию из Константинополя. В то же время в сведениях 1669 г.
Царя Имеретии Баграта Александровича мы находим упоминание о том, что
Хитон пресвятой богородицы был привезен в Грузию в период царствования
Давида Агмашенебели (Строителя) (1089-1125 г.г.). Возможно Хитон был пе-
ревезен в Грузию и в более ранний период.
Архитектурный комплекс Хобского монастыря состоит из храма, коло-
колъни, ограды, дворца католикосов и руин других строений. Храм именуется
Успением Богородицы.
В течение веков храм перестраивался и свой облик принял в конце XIII
века. Его украшают фрески XIII, XIV, XVII веков.

171
 В течение нескольких веков Хобский монастырь был усыпальницей вла-
стителей Мегрелии первой династии Дадианов, а в позднее средневековье –
резиденцией Католикосов-Патриархов Абхазии (Западной Грузии).
В 1923 г. Советская власть закрыла Хобский Монастирь, а Святые Мощи
и Реликвии, в том числе Хитон Богородицы, были перенесены в Зугдидский
музей.
По итогам археологических раскопок (2009-2016 гг.) было установлено,
что современная церковь стоит на месте более древного и большого разрушен-
ного Храма. На территории Монастыря были обнаружены староколхидские
поселения VIII-VII веков до н.э.
В 1989 году Католикос Патриарх Всей Грузии Илиа Второй восстановил
богослужение в Хобском монастыре.
Хобский монастырь признан памятником национального значения.
В Хобском муниципалитете есть интересные объекты культурного насле-
дия: архитектурные комплексы – Джегетский Св. Георгия в селе Хета и Св.
София в селе Пирвели Маиси; замки – в селе Хамискури – «Хета», в селе
Пирвели Маиси – «Джахути», в селе Саджиджао – «Зени». На горе Урта об-
наружен объект, напоминающий «Кромлех», в селе Дзвели Хибула _ камни,
которые очень похожи на «Менхир».
С историей территории нынешнего Хобского муниципалитета можно оз-
накомиться в музее «Краеведческой и Боевой Славы», расположенном в селе
Хета и в музее «Грузинской народной песни им. Дзуку Лолуа (Самегрело)» _
в г. Хоби.

172
 danarTi 1 (21; 323)

rafiel erisTavi (1857-1867)

monasteri xobis RmrTismSoblis miZinebisa
ese monasteri mdebare ars kerZosa samegrelosa mazrasa zugdidi-
sasa marjvniT quTaisiT zugdidisave gzisa maRalsa TvalsaCinosa ad-
gilsa zeda, romeli Soravs Savs zRvasa 30-is verstiTa, sadaca yovliT
kerZo ixilvebian, mTani maRalni, viTar igi, samengrelosa, svaneTisa,
axalcixisa da guriisani da baTomisani, maRlis xeebiT da tyiT vidre
Savs zRvamdes, sadaca aRmsvleli samreklosa ixilavs TviT zRvasaca
drosa zamTrisasa. monasteri ese ars didSeni Tlili qviT da grexi-
lebiT y˜d mSvenierad gebuli sionisa, romelica Signidam ars sigrZiT
cxra saJeni. sivrciT 7 ½ saJeni. ama monastrisa ca Sen ars oTxku-
Txedad kamaredad eqsuTa Tlilis qvis svetTa zeda. kankeli misi ars
oTxTa wina svetTa Soris gajiT Senebul da gamoWril equsTa gajiTve
nrgvalis suetebTa Soris kamaradve, romelTa Sina sxenan xatni oqro
curvilni gvirgviniT Tval margalitiT Semkulni da sxvani romelnime
ficarsa da romelnime tilozed naxatni; sakurTxeveli mofenil ars
marmarilos qvebiT erTad ambioniTa. wmida trapezi misi ars erTi fi-
qali marmarilosave, romelica sigrZiT ars 1 adli da 2 Careqi; xolo
eqonan sakurTxevelsa amas orisave mxriT ekvderni kankelianni meqonni
TiTos sarkmlisa, erTi maTgani marcxniv kerZo ars samkveTlod. y˜d
ama monastersa aqus marjvniv sakurTxevlisa ekvderi zed midgmuli
garedam, romelica daxatul ars berZnulis mxatvrobiT, romelTa Sina
ara ars saRmrTo msaxurebi, garna mxolod ars salaro ama monastrisa,
romelSica damarxul arian Tavadni jaianni. samxreTiT ama ekvderisa
Casmul arian rvani didroanni mrgvalni suetni marmarilosani, mSve-
nieris xelovnebiT figurad moWrilni da masTanave xuTni fiqalni
marmarilosani, TiToeuli maTganiars simaRliT 2 ½ adli, ganiT 1 ½
adli. sadaca momsvleli monastrad pirvelad ixilavs marmarilos
suetTa da fiqalTa amaT, romelnica miRebul arian [8] saukunesa Sina
jiqeTiT da alaneTidgan mefeTa mefisa vamey dadianisa mier, razeca
erTsa maTgansa fiqalsa zeda gamoweril ars esreT:` saxeliTa RvTi-
saTa, Tana erisTavman da mandaturTuxucesman dadianma vamey! mamisa
maTisa patronisa, erisTavTerisTavisa dadianisa giorgis, Sedga da
miuxda jiqeTs da alaneTs urwmunoebisa da orgulobisaTvis, raTamca
moemsayra ? dasZlo da Seuracx da uxmar iqmna, maTi simagreni, gagari
da uRaRni, yovelni ZaliTa moirWvna, mravalni jiqeTisa patronTa-
ganman, miuvli moarbivna, raodeni moewyo maTi mZevalni wamoasxna da
sxvani aotna da maSin moiRo suetni da fiqalni eseni marmarilosani da

173
mama dedaTa larnaki da misi da marex, gaerTa, saukuno xseneba maTi~.
aqa damarxul ars ese dadiani dadiani vamey, Ze giorgi pirvelisa mamisa
Tana Tvisisa Crdilo kerZo samkveTlos karisve. samreklo ars samxre-
TiT kerZo or etaJad gumbaTiani, Tlilis qviT-kiriT mtkiced da
Seuryevelad gebuli. sadaca aRsrulsa da muniT SorTa adgilTa ga-
mWvretTa warmoudgebian, TvalTa sasiamovnoni saxilvelobani, mTani,
vakeni vrcelni, maRal xetyiani, dabani, Crdilo da dasavleT mdinare
xobi, romeli Soravs naxevris verstiTa odeni mindorni yvavilTa da
yanaTa mier ganSuenebulni; mdinare ese CaerTvis redutkaleSi Savs
zRvasa, Tvinier kalmaxisa zis mas Sina sxvadasxva Tevzni.
ese monasteri aRaSena RvTiv gvirgvinosanman mefeTa mefeman,
erisTavT erisTavman da mandaturTuxucesman dadianman giorgi pir-
velma 6-sa saukunesa Sina, saxelsa zeda y˜d wmidisa R˜Tis mSoblisasa,
romlisagan Sewirul arian ara mciredni ymani da mamulni, romelica
STabarebul ars meufisa da mRvdel moZRvris afxazeTis da Crdi-
loeTis kaTalikozis grigol lorTqifaniZisadmi. Semdgomad JamTa
viTarebisa da welTa gaedasulisa da dReTa cvalebisa gamo eklesia
ese da bani da veli gardaqceulars did tyed da sruliad udaburad
aoxrebisa gamo TaTarTagan 10 saukunesa Sina y˜d ganvlisa ravdenTame
welTa gamoikiTxa ra mexuTeman STamomavlobaman giorgi pirvelisa
mefeman dadianma leon pirvelma, romel eklesiasa mas Sina damarxul
arian gvamni papaTa da papis papaTa misTani, y˜d sanatrelTa, giorgi
pirvelisa, vamey, Sergir, da samadavleTa. amaT oTxTa RvTiv pativ-
cemulTa da gvirgvinosanTa saflavi ganaxlebul ars odiSisa da
afxazeTis mpyrobelis leonis mier qoronikonsa sJv sa dadgenil ars
mas Sina kaTalikozad ioakime kaci Rirsi netarebisa. Semdgomad missa
monasteri ese iyo sakaTalikozod vidre meTvrametes saukunemdin.
monasteri ege erTad karis bWiT Signidam sruliad daxatul ars
berZnis mxatvrobiT 12 saukunesa Sina xobel kaTalikozis nikolozisa
mier wulukiZisa, vidre aqamomde cxovlad daSTenilni. sadaca gamoxa-
tuli ars igi ese kaTalikozi mantia kverTxiT winaSe svetzed Crdilo
kerZo, saca Cinebuli xeliTa warweriTa amiT: `xobelma kaTalikozma
nikoloz davaxatvine saydari ese Cemis sulis sacxovneblad~. k˜d
arian daxatulni saCinoni igi gvamni, kaTalikozi ilarion, marjvniv
erisTavT erisTavi Sergir dadiani, Ze misi cotne. diofalT diofali
Teonila, asuli misi Tamar. deda da asuli ese daxatul arian mowamis
gvirgviniT. xolo marcxniv dadiani da mandaturTuxucesi giorgi.
aseca mqonebeli xelsa Sina eklesiisa gamowerilobiTa esreT: `am say-
dris aRmaSenebeli erisTavT erisTavi da mandaturTuxucesi dadiani
giorgi Seundos RmerTman, amin~. dadiani leon pirveli. dedofali
TinaTin, ama orTa Soris Ze maTi batonisSvili manuCar.

174
 monastersa amas Sina msvenareben wmidani xatni Zvelis xelovne-
biT vercxliT SeZerwilni mozaikiT oqro curvilni, uxvebiT Tval
margaritiT Semkulnividre aTuTxmetamdin. romelnica Semkobilan
da romelnime ganaxlebul arian ZvelTa mefeTa mefisa daviTisa Zisa
rusudanisa, mefisa leonis mier da mefisa da dedoflisa Tamaris
mier, asulisa giorgisa. erisTavT erisTavis Sergir da bedan dadian-
Ta mier. diofal diofalis qarTlis erisTavis asulis xvaSaqisagan.
mingreliis da afxazeTis mpyrobelis patronis leon dadianisa. bato-
nisSvilis giorgisa da meuRlisa misisa Tamarisa. didisa meeTa mefis
Svilis liparis dadianis asulis marexisa da bordoxan dedoflisa
da sayvareli Zisa bagratoanis andrias mier.
kvaladca ama monastersa msuenarebs kvarTi y˜d wmidisa da ume-
tes kurTxeulisa R˜TismSoblisa, erTsa vercxliT SeZerwils oqro
curvilis da TvalmargaritiT Semkulsa kubosa Sina 1813 wlisasa ga-
nuxrwnelad daculi. ama kubosa Sina k˜d msuenareben wmidani nawilni,
marjvena mklavi xuTsave TiTebiT wmidisa didis mowamisa marinasi
ganuxrwneli 1603 wlisa. romeli iyo antioqiiTgan pisidiisa asuli
edesiisa kerpTa mRdelisa, Semdgomad aTuTxmetisa wlisa iqmna qris-
tiane da iwama qristesaTvis lombrios mTavrisa mier, da wmidisa mowa-
misa ivlitasi xeli xuTisave TiTebiT reca xeli samis wlis yrmisa.
ama monastersa amas Sina msuenarebs Zeli cxoveli oqroiT Se-
Zerwili da sxvani wmidaTa nawilni aramciredni. kubo igi Semkobil
ars gurielis Svilis malaqiasa da dadianisa patronisa leonis mier
saukuno saxsenebelad sulisa dedoflisa nestan-darejanisa asu-
lisa WilaZisasa. qoronikons tvv . aqa k˜d msvenarebs msuenarebs
jvari didi vercxlisa oqrocurvili, Tval-margaritiT Semkuli,
romelzedaca gamoweril ars esreT: `patiosano jvaro, adide uZle-
veli, afxazTa, qarTuelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa mefe daviT, da
Semiwyale me grigor~.
ama monastersa qonan samkaulni axalni da Zvelni sakmaod, garna
naklulevan ars axlis SesamosliTa. egreTve bibliotika da Zuelni
werilni. wmida saxareba, romelic msuenarebs wmidasa trapezsasa
uercxlisa oqro curvili TvlebiT Semkobili oriveganTve gamoxa-
tulebani aRdgomisa da jvarcmisani mas Sina saxareba qaRaldzed
naweri, romelSica warweril ars esreT: `oses iese vwer msxemobasa
Sina duSeTs Tu mecn-xarT SemindobT noiman dasmulsa cdomilTaT-
vis. qoronikons ule-sa~, agreTve gulanzed daweril ars: `srul
iqmna wmida ese Tveni brZanebiTa afxazeTis kaTalikozisa Crdi-
loeTis ganmanaTlebelisa patronis evdemosaTa, mravalJamier yav
saxiero da mravalmowyaleo RmerTo da mSvidobiT axmare sigrZesa
Sina JamTasa amin~.

175
 aqa damarxul arian saCinoni gvamni, kaTalikozni, ilarion, ioa-
kime, nikoloz wulukiZe, grigor lorTqifaniZe. mTavarepiskoposi
efTimi faRava da kaTalikozi maqsime. samengrelos Tavadni CiCuanni,
romelTaganca arian Sewirulni ravdenime komlni glexni.
ymaTa da mamulTa amas monastrisadmi kuTvnilTa flobdes meur-
neni misni oTxas samocdaaTs glexTa, viTarca mkvidrni mepatroneni
da maTgan izrdebodnen udrtvinelad Zmanica vidre 1857 wlamdin
garna mas welsa gankargulebisamebr mTavrobisa yovelni igi Sevidnen
samoqalaqos damokidebulebisdami; xolo fuli maTzed Sewerili
2552-is maneTisamebr dawesebul ars miiqces samengrelos saeklesio-
sazogado SemosavalsaTana. kideca qonan adgilni venaxianni, sayane,
sanadiro, saTive, saficre, saTevze, sawvneli, saisle da sxvani mra-
valgvarni sargeblobani, romelnica Seviden masve welsa yovelni ese
samoqalaqos damokidebulebasa Sina da amaT yovelTaTvis Tavisufal
ars winamZRvari monastrisa. awymo drozed monasteri ese Seracxul
ars pirveli klasis monastrad, romelic Zveladve iyo samengrelos
monasterTa Soris upirvelesi, sadaca [ ] Statisa dawesebul ars
erTi winamZRvari, 6 mRvdel monazoni, erTi ierodiakoni da oTxni
morCilni. romelTaca dauwesaT jamagirebi sacxovrebelad awindel-
Ta droTa Sina, weliwadSi winamZRvars 60 Tumani, mRvdelmonazons 7
Tumani. ierodiakons 6 Tumani da morCils 4 Tumani da scxovroben
viTarca sasyidliT dadginebulni.
monastersa amas marTlmorwmuneni erni Soreulni da maxlobe-
lni didad, romelnica Cueul arian mosluad aqa dResaswaulobad
13 agvistos ricxviT aTeqvsmetamdis, sadaca momsvlelTa mxurvalis
sarwmunoebisaTana moqonan keTil Sesawiravni, romelsaca sxua ufros
esven amas viTarca mfarvelsa da mizezsa keTildReobisa maTisa.
dResa y˜d wmidisa R˜TismSoblis miZinebisasa, Semdgomad srulyo-
fisa saRmrTos liturRiisa, sakurTxevelidan gamoisvenebis kvarTis
kubo igi SesamosliT samRvdeloTa mier winaZRomiTa lamparTaTa da
kmeviTa, sadaca misTvis momzadebulsa analoRiazed saSual eklesiisa
daisvenebis da daiwyeba savedrebeli locva y˜d wmidis R˜TismSoblisa
muxldadgomiT da kmeviT. sadaca mun mdgomarenica erni aRavlenen
mxurvalis sarwmunoebiT vedrebasa R˜TismSoblisa mimarT.
Semdgomad dasrulebisa savedrebeli locvisa samgzis metaniiTa
ambors uyofen, viTarca samRvdeloni, egreTve mun mdgomiareni ara
mciredni erni pirvelad kvarTsa mas da merme nawilTa maT wmidaTa
mowameTa marinasa da ivlitasaTa, mirTmeviTa SesawiravTaTa, romelni-
me vecxlisa da oqros Tvlian beWedsa, romelnime vecxlsa da romel-
nime fulTa. Semdgomad dResaswaulobisa sruladyofisa waremarTenan
mimadlebulni R˜Tisdami kaci da kacadi saxid Tvisad.

176
 danarTi 2 (58; 34-38)
aqti
1923 welsa maisis 24 - ivnisis 5
Tanaxmad siZveleTa da xelovnebis ZeglTa dacvis komitetis
gankargulebisa, sagangebo komisiam SemadgenlobiT: profesori Cu-
binaSvili, samegrelos muzeumis direqtori Wanturia da zugdidis
mazris aRmaskomis wevrisa i. Sonia daaTvaliera zugdidis mazraSi
arsebuli istoriulad mniSvnelovani eklesiebi da Tanaxmad komitetis
dabeWdili anketisa aRwera maTi ganZeulobisa.
komisiam cno qvemoT CamoTvlili eklesiebis nivTebi saistorio-
samuzeumo mniSvnelobisa. daadgina: gadaeces igi samegrelos muzeums.

I macxovris karis eklesiidan q. zugdidSi:

1) xati iloris wminda giorgisa /25 X 18,5/ sant. vercxlisa naWedi,
dasakeci, samfrTiani. qarTuli SesaniSnavi xelobis, Semkobili qvebiT.
xats aqvs istoriuli warwera XVI saukunisa. xati Casvenebulia ver-
cxlis kuboSi /29, X 5 21/ sant. zurgze istoriuli warweriT.
2) xati wminda giorgisa, naWedi vercxliT/37,5 X 31/sant. qarTuli
kargi xelobisa, zurgze istoriuli warweriT.
3) xati RvTismSoblisa Cviledi, vercxlis naWedi /29 X 23,5/ sant.
qarTuli xelobisa, istoriuli warweriT.
SeniSvna: macxovris karis eklesiis ganZeuloba gadmocemul iqna
samegrelos muzeumSi 5 maiss a.w. zugdidis raionis miliciis ufrosis
mier. es ganZeuloba komisiam ganixila muzeumSi 25 maiss.

II iqidanve:
1) xati ioane oqropirisa vercxliT naWedi/ 16 X 10,5/ sant. Semko-
bili qvebiT. xis CarCoSi. qarTuli SesaniSnavi xelobisa.
2) jvari xisa, aTonuri xelobis, vercxliT SeWedili.
3) jvari liTonisa, Semkobili qvebiT, xis kuboSi...

III korcxelis macxovris eklesiidan:

1)macxovris xati, vercxliT naWedi,/53 X 40/ sant. qvebiT Semkobi-
li, istoriuli warweriT XIII sauk.
2)XII sauk. RvTismSoblis xati Cviledi, vercxliT naWedi /43 X 32/
sant. qvebiT Semkobili. dazianebulia.
3) macxovris xati minanqriani/20 16/ sant. XIII sauk. xatis kubos
vercxlis Svidi furceli, istoriuli warweriT XIII sauk.
5) jvari vercxlis naWedi minanqrebiT damSvenebuli...

177
 IV obujis mTavarangelozis eklesiidan:
1)samwerobeli vercxliT naWedi/35 X 35/ sant. vercxlis kubo-
Si/48 X 40/ sant. istoriuli warweriT XIV sauk.
2)mTavarangelozis oqros xati /23 X 17/ sant. vercxlis naWed
orfrTian kuboSi /17 19/sauk. warweriT XIX saukunis dasawyisisa.
3)aiazmis Tasi vercxlisa warweriT, sacecxluri vercxlisa
asomTavruli warweriT...

V pirveli muxuris wm giorgis eklesiidan:

1) xati wminda giorgisa vercxlis naWedi /40 X 33/ sant. isto-
riuli warweriT...

VI ocindales wminda giorgis eklesiidan:

1) wminda giorgis xati vercxlis naWedi /38 X 21,5/ sant. xats
zurgze aqvs istoriuli warwera.

VII fuqis macxovris eklesiidan:

1) wminda barbales xati vercxlis naWedi /36 X 32/ sant. xelo-
vnuri qvebiT Semkobili.
2) xucuri saxareba /42 X 30/ sant.

VIII nakifus mTavarangelozis eklesiidan:

1) jvari vercxlis /42 X 24/ sant. zurgze aqvs istoriuli warwera.
2) jvari Zeli WeSmaritisa XIV saukunis vercxlis yuTSi, XVII sauk.
yuTs zurgze aqvs istoriuli warwera...

IX jgalis eklesia:
1)jvari vercxlis /42 X 24/ sant. jvars zurgze aqvs istoriuli
warwera.
2) jvari Zeli WeSmaritisa. XIV sauk. vercxlis yuTSi, XVII sauk.
yuTs zurgze aqvs istoriuli warwera...

X walenjixis macxovris eklesiidan:

1) macxovris xati sauk. vecxliT naWedi /70 53/ sant. xati Se-
mkobilia minanqrebiani medalionebiT. xats zurgze aqvs istoriuli
warwera. xati Zlier dazianebulia.
2) wminda giorgis xati / 16/ sant. xati Casmulia xis CarCoSi.
3) samwerobeli vercxlis /32 30,5/ sant.
4) jvari xis vercxliT naWedi /55 45/ sant.

178
 5) ori xati RvTismSoblisa da erTi macxovris Zveli xelobisa
da erTi tiloze daxatuli.
6) kandelebi sami vercxlisa, sacecxluri vercxlis da Tasi ver-
cxlis gatexili.
7) sawinamZRvro jvris natexi.
8) kacis gasayvani rkinis mSvildi.
9) dafarna erTi sirmiT naqsovi istoriuli warweriT da stiqari
adgilobrivi naqsovi.
10) saeklesio xelTnaweri wignebiori, XIV sauk. da XVIII sauk.
11)saeklesio xelTnaweri wignebi, 18, xucuri /Tvrameti/.

XI xeTis wm. giorgis eklesiidan:

1) wminda giorgis xati vercxliT moWedili, qvebiT Semkobili
/39 X 30/ sant. zurgze istoriuli warweriT.
2) wminda giorgis xati vecxliT moWedili, Semkobilia xelo-
vnuri qvebiT /36 X 20/ sant. zurgze warweriT.
3) patara saxarebis vercxlis bude /18,5 X 9,5 X 5/ sant. warwe-
riT da saxareba xucuri /41 X 29,5/ sant...

XII xeTis pirveli mTavarangelozis eklesiidan:

1) xati mTavar angelozis vecxliT moWedili, xats amkobs qvebi,
/47 X 44,5/ sant. xati dazianebulia.
2) erTi barZimi, feSxumi, kovzi da varskvlavi vercxlis.

XIII xeTis meore mTavarangelozis eklesiidan:

1) mTavarangelozis xati /33,5 X 23/ sant.vercxliT naWedi, qvebiT
damSvenebuli, istoriuli warweriT.
2) vercxli langari

XIV xeTis wminda sofios eklesiidan:

1) wminda jvarcmis xati vercxliT naWedi /30 X 32/ sant. isto-
riuli warweriT ukana zurgze.
2) barZimi, varskvlavi da kovzi vercxlis...

XV xobis monastridan:
1) xati macxovrisa XVIII saukunis, Semkobili xelovnuri qvebiT /76
X 58/ sant. wamliT daxatuli, zurgze istoriuli warweriT.
2) xati RvTismSoblisa Cviledi, wamliT daxatuli /47 X 37/ sant.
XI-XII sauk. moWedili vecxliT, damSvenebuli xelovnuri qvebiT. xati
dazianebulia.

179
 3) xati ioane RvTismetyvelisa /43 X 33,5/ sant. vecxliT naWedi
XII sauk. dazianebulia.
4) mravalnawilebiani xati vercxlisa /47,5 X 38/sant. xati da-
yofilia 52 ujredebad, istoriuli warwerebiT, xats zurgze aqvs
asomTavruli warwera. xati dazianebulia.
5) sanawile kolofi /34 X 26 X 26/ sant. vercxliT SeWedili is-
toriuli warweriT, RvTismSoblis kvarTiT /18 X 150/ sant.
6) sasamrTle vercxlis, ekaterine dedoflis warweriT, barZimi,
feSxumi, varskvlavi, kovzi vecxlis, sasamrTle vercxlis, 4 samrT-
liT, sasamrTloebi zeTis, erTi didi warweriT da sami patara, Tef-
Sebi vercxlis ori,sami akvnebi vercxlis.
7) saxareba xucuri /41 X 30/sant.
SeniSvna: xobis monastris gadmogzavnil iqna samegrelos muzeum-
Si nawilobriv: pirvelad 21 aprils, meored 23 aprils a. w. zugdidis
miliciis ufrosisagan. komisiam ganixila igi muzeumSi 26 maiss a. w.

XVI yulis-karis eklesia:

1) Zveli jvari vercxlis naWedi /22,5 X 19/ sant. Semkobili qvebiT.
2) xati wminda giorgisa /23 X 22/ sant.

XVII axaldabis eklesiidan: WkaduaSSi:

1)mTavarangelozis xati vercxliT naWedi /28 X 23,5/ sant. Semko-
bili qvebiT, istoriuli warweriT.
2) RvTismSoblis xati Cviledi, vercxliT naWedi /24 X 17,5/ sant.
3)RvTismSoblis xatis CarCo vercxliT naWedi /32,5 X 25,5/ sant.

XVIII pincesa miuratis aleqsandre aleqsandre nevelis

saxelobis eklesiidan WkaduaSSi:
1)sanawile vercxlis /45 X 7/ sant. angelozebiT damSvenebuli.
2)jvari /39 X 21/ sant. vercxliT naWedi.
3) saeklesio wignebi 5 nabeWdi.
4)saaiazmo WurWeli istoriuli warweriT

XIX caiSis RvTismSoblis eklesiidan:

1)RvTismSoblis eklesiidan /107 X 72/ vercxliT naWedi, Zveli
istoriuli warweriT XVII sauk.
2)macxovris xati 12 dResaswauliT /106 X 86/sant. vercxliT
naWedi, istoriuli warweriT.
3)saxareba xelTnaweri, vercxlis ydiT da gulani
4)xis jvari vercxliT moWedili aTonuri xelobis.

180
 5) ori vercxlis samwerobeli, ori kandelebi vercxli, istoriu-
li warweriT da ori Sandali.
6)erTi kverTxi, ori veSapis TaviT, spilos Zvlis...
XX zugdidis sasaxlis soborodan:
1)oTxi didi xati istoriuli warweriT vercxliT naWedi da ori
saSualo tanis.
2)ori vercxlis sacecxluri, ori sasamrTle da ori jvari.

XXI leSamuges macxovris eklesiidan:

1) macxovris xati vercxliT naWedi istoriuli warweriT. qviT
Semkobili /43,5 X 32/ sant.
2) barZimi, feSxumi da kovzi vercxlis.
3) ori patara xati vercxlis.

XXII jvarzenis wminda giorgis eklesiidan:

1) wminda giorgis xati /30 X 23/ sant.

XXIII jixaSkaris wminda giorgis eklesiidan:

1) wminda giorgis xati /28,5 X 25,5/ sant. Semkobili qvebiT, zurg-
ze istoriuli warweriT.

XXIV wminda nikolozis eklesiidan:

1) wminda nikolozis xati /31 21/ sant. qvebiT Semkobili isto-
riuli warweriT
komisiis wevrebi: 1. profesori giorgi CubinaSvili 2. samegre-
los muzeumis direqtori a. Wanturia 3. zugdidis mazris aRmaskomis
wevri i. Sonia.

danarTi 3
saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi daculia masalebi, saidanac irkveva,
rom foTis aRmaskoms samegrelos (zugdidis) muzeumis direqtor ak.
WanturiasTvis gadaucia foTis sakaTedro taZris saeklesio nivTebi
(103; 284. 215. f.175-177).
zugdidis saxelmwifo arqivSi daculi dokumentis mixedviT zug-
didis mazris soflebidan: WkaduaSi, leqarde, meore alertis kari,
alertis kari, gaSferdis macxovris, zubis wm. giorgis, axali xibulis
wm. giorgis, axali xibulis TemSi daketili eklesiebis, saCijaos Temis
eklesiebis, axali axali abasTumnis eklesiebis, faxulanis TemSi dake-
tili eklesiebis saeklesio saganZurebi zugdidis muzeumSi gadauta-
niaT (58; 1. 36. f. 93).

181
 danarTi 4 (113; 798)
1923 wlis 21 ivliss Tbilisidan mowerilobis safuZvelze zugdi-
dis mazris aRmaskomis Tavjdomaris winadadebiT ak. Wanturias daevala
TbilisSi Caetana `sadezinfeqciod da restavraciisaTvis~ RvTismSo-
blis ori da wm. giorgis xati xobis monastridan, agreTve oTxi xati
walenjixidan da korcxelidan, CuqurTmiani kari ocindales ekle-
siidan (58; 43). 1923 wlis 7 agvistos ak. Wanturis TbilisSi Cautania.

danarTi 5 (113; 636)

aleqsi mircxulavas werili akaki Wanturias
1930w. 19 maiss

`Rrmad pativcemulo batono akaki Wanturia, mogmarTavT didi

simdabliT, raTamca gauwyoT Cemdami rwmunebuli, xobis mamaTa monas-
tris Wir-varami` romelic eqvemdebareba RvTisa mier moniWebulni Sens
gankargulebas. exla im zomazed damdgaria mag saistorio saydris sa-
qme, Tu saCqarod ar gavapaCinkebT erTi kedeli daiqceva da daiRupeba
eklesia, gTxovT neba momeces Tqvengan, rom xeli movkido SekeTebas,
vinaidgan bevr sumas ar Seadgens exlave SekeTeba da SemdegSi ufro
Zneli iqneba. mogelodiT Sen da SevyurebdiT Sens mobrZanebas da mis
gamo sigviane mogvewia, radgan keTili saqmis gadadeba saerTod mavne-
belia, misgamo gTxovT neba darTuli viqne Sens mier, rom xeli mivyo
eklesiis SepaCinkebas RvTis SewevniT da Tqveni nebarTviT. davStebi
maradis TqvenTvis mlocveli iRumeni xobis monastrisa aleqsi. 1930
w. 19 maisi ZveliT~.

182
 danarTi 6 (69; 92)
ioseb himnografis berZnul teqstSi arsebuli sityva μαφόριον _
maforioni rusulad Targmnilia, rogorc риза _ riza. rus mTargmnels
tansacmlis zogadi, krebiTi saxelwodeba riza _ samoseli gamouyenebia
da ara konkretuli МАФОРИЙ, Покров _ safarveli.

danarTi 7 (69; 118)

simon logoTetis berZnul teqstSi arsebuli sityva μαφόριον _ ma-
forioni rusulad Targmnilia, ara rogorc риза _ riza, anu samoseli,
aramed ise, rogorc unda iyos, anu МАФОРИЙ _ maforia _ safarveli.

183
 SeniSvnebi
1. baTqaSebi _ arqeologebi uwodeben xis saxlis Tixis Selesilo-
bebs, Cveulebriv esaa xanZargamovlili agurisebri masa, feriT arian
wiTeli, agurisferi, monacisfro da xandaxan widad qceuli.
2. di­xa­gu­Zu­ba, di­xa­zur­ga, di­xa­gu­Zu­ro, zur­ga, zu­ga, Zu­ga _ Zvel­
kol­xu­ri pe­ri­o­dis xe­lov­nu­ri mrgva­li, mi­waz­vi­nu­li, ro­mel­sac ir­
g­v­liv ar­xi uv­lis.
3. diS noxori _ devis nasaxlari.
4. diS nakaru _ adgili, sadac devs karavi hqonia.
5. kare _ karavi, qoxi.
6. kurkucia _ patara, mrgvali da lamazi borcvi.
7. na­a­ko­pu, ako­pi _ ru­su­li sity­va­a, niS­navs san­gars, na­a­ko­pus
uwo­de­ben na­san­g­rals, II msof­lio omis dros gaTx­ril san­g­rebs. Zve­
li xe­lov­nu­ri mi­waz­vi­nu­le­bis ir­g­v­liv Se­mor­Ce­nil na­ar­xals Sec­do­
miT na­a­ko­pus uwo­de­ben.
8. nakaru _ adgili, sadac mwyemsis karavi, qoxi idga.
9. naanguru _ naagurevi, zogjer baTqaSian adgilebs SecdomiT
uwodeben naangurus.
10. naoxvamu _ adgili, sadac `oxvame~, anu salocavi idga.
11. nandeu _ devis nadgomi, nasaxlari.
12. noxori _ nasaxlari.
13. oxvame _ salocavi, adgili sadac loculoben, oxvames same-
greloSi eklesiasac eZaxian da sasaflaosac.
14. Ceoxvame _ TeTri salocavi, eklesia.
14. jixa _ cixe-simagre.
15. rus. _ rusuli.
16. berZn. _ berZnuli.

184
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