Volume 49, Number 30

July 25, 2009

Abstract Nos. 1,003,081—1,003,680

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ABSTRACTS®
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Volume 49, Number 30 July 25, 2009 Abstract Nos. 1,003,081—1,003,680

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
Page Number
GEOLOGY ...........................................................................................................3 ..............1,003,081
GEOCHEMISTRY ................................................................................................27 ..............1,003,246
GEOPHYSICS .....................................................................................................31 ..............1,003,268
DRILLING (WELL) ...............................................................................................46 ..............1,003,368
WELL LOGGING & SURVEYING ........................................................................50 ..............1,003,406
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER ...................................................................52 ..............1,003,422
PRODUCING OIL & GAS ...................................................................................58 ..............1,003,471
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD .....................................................................70 ..............1,003,554
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE ...........................................................................75 ..............1,003,588
ALT FUELS & ENERGY SOURCES ........................................................................83 ..............1,003,638
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS .................................................................................83 ..............1,003,642
HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRON .............................................................................87 ..............1,003,662
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ................................................................................88 ..............1,003,673
AUTHOR AND AFFILIATION INDEX ....................................................................90 ..................********

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GEOLOGY
ABU DHABI 1,003,081
EVIDENCES FOR NEW ATTRACTIVE GAS EXPLORATION
TARGETS IN ABU DHABI UPPER PERMIAN SECTION
A.K.Taher, A.S.Al Suwaidi and A.R.Al Habshi (Abu Dhabi
National Oil Co; Abu Dhabi Marine Oper Co). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118276;
Available on CD-ROM; 14 pp; 10 refs)
The Upper Permian fluid inclusion volatile (FIV) analysis
proved the presence of strong gas migration through much of the
Abu Dhabi area. The fluid inclusion analysis generally observed a
more mature source that resulted in drier gas in the onshore area
and wetter gas to the northwest in the offshore fields. The drilling
results evaluation indicated the presence of significant hydrocarbon
shows while drilling the Upper Permian porous carbonate intervals.
Also, the log data indicated the presence of high hydrocarbon
saturation that ranges between 50 and 90% in most of the onshore
Upper Permian drilled structures. However, the longer diagenesis
process and deeper depth of burial of onshore structures have
greatly affected the reservoir properties and possibly resulted in
high non-hydrocarbon content. The causes of failure of some Upper
Permian reservoirs in Abu Dhabi are most probably related to the
limited data and experience at that time, which resulted in drilling
and testing difficulties that possibly caused formation damage of
the Upper Permian reservoirs. Also, the seal breaching and the
limited charge could not be ruled out as negative factors for lack of
gas accumulations in the Upper Permian section. However, the
current technology improvement in basin modeling, deep drilling
and tight reservoirs testing may turn the Upper Permian
negatively tested reservoirs in Abu Dhabi fields into attractive
exploration targets. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
ALBERTA 1,003,082
CONTROLS ON ORGANIC MATTER ACCUMULATION IN
THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN KEG RIVER FORMATION,
RAINBOW SUB-BASIN, NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA
N.S.Wiebe, N.Chow, L.D.Stasiuk and J.Wendte (Manitoba Univ;
Canada Geological Survey). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session GS8; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
ANDES MT AREA 1,003,083
INCREASED SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATES AND
CLIMATIC FORCING IN THE CENTRAL ANDES DURING
THE LATE MIOCENE
C.E.Uba, M.R.Strecker and A.K.Schmitt (Potsdam Univ; Calif
Univ, Los Angeles). GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.979-982, Nov. 2007.
(ISSN 0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
New zircon U-Pb ages from six volcanic ashes in the sub-
Andean foothills provide for the first time well-constrained
depositional ages of the late Cenozoic strata in this region. The
radiometric ages indicate 12.4 ± 0.5 Ma, 7.93 ± 0.26 Ma, and 5.94 ±
0.20 Ma depositional ages for the bases of Yecua, Tariquia, and
Guandacay formations, respectively. We used these zircon ages to
determine the accumulation rates of the late Cenozoic foreland
sediments in the sub-Andes. Our results show a fourfold increase
(from 130 to 628 m/m.y.) in sediment accumulation rates between
ca 7.9 and 6 Ma during the deposition of Andean-derived upward
coarsening and thickening sandstone-dominated Tariquia strata.
This increased accumulation rate correlates well with monsoon
intensification and climate variability in South America, which was
accompanied by the development of fluvial megafan paleodrainage
networks in the central Andes. This correlation suggests that
climate may have been an important factor between the late
Miocene and Pliocene.
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
APPALACHIAN AREA 1,003,084
APPALACHIAN TERRANES AND TERRANE ACCRETION:
PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS
R.D.Hatcher, Jr. (Tenn Univ, Knoxville). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS16; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
APPALACHIAN BASIN 1,003,085
BASINWIDE STRATIGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS AND
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, UPPER PRAGIAN, EMSIAN
AND EIFELIAN STAGES (LOWER TO MIDDLE DEVONIAN),
APPALACHIAN BASIN
C.A.Ver Straeten (New York State Museum). DEVONIAN
EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS [GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF
LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.278] pp.39-81, 2007.
(ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
A new synthesis of the Lower to Middle Devonian (upper
Pragian, Emsian and Eifelian) succession across the Appalachian
Basin has been developed by high resolution event and sequence
stratigraphic analysis. The correlation of numerous marker beds
and a hierarchy of cycles in the interval of the Oriskany Sandstone
to lower Hamilton Group provide a refined picture of the
depositional patterns, faunal changes, formation to member-level
(and finer) relationships, and sealevel trends. The succession begins
above the Wallbridge Unconformity, or its correlative conformity,
which lies beneath the Oriskany Sandstone, not above it as
previously thought. The new sequence-stratigraphic framework of
Oriskany to lower Hamilton strata comprises nine "third order"
stratigraphic sequences (cycles), though an interval of some 25
million years. At a coarse scale, the eustatic Pragian to Eifelian
sea-level curve for Euramerica of Johnson et al. (1985) shows broad
variance with the Appalachian curve, reflecting the regional
influence of the Acadian orogeny. However at the finer sequence-
scale, the Euramerican sealevel trends are recognizable in the
Appalachian Basin succession.
................................................................
APPALACHIAN BASIN 1,003,086
PERSISTENT DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES AND
BIOEVENTS IN THE EIFELIAN (EARLY MIDDLE
DEVONIAN) OF EASTERN LAURENTIA: NORTH
AMERICAN EVIDENCE OF THE KACAK EVENTS?
M.K.Desantis, C.E.Brett and C.A.Ver Straeten (Cincinnati Univ;
New York State Museum). DEVONIAN EVENTS AND
CORRELATIONS [GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.278] pp.83-104, 2007. (ISBN
978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
The late Eifelian - earliest Givetian interval (Middle Devonian)
represents a time of significant faunal turnover in the eastern
Laurentia and globally. A synthesis of biostratigraphic, K-bentonite
and sequence stratigraphic data indicates that physical and biotic
events in the Appalachian foreland basin sections in New York are
coeval with the predominantly carbonate platform sections of
southern Ontario and Ohio. The upper Eifelian (australis to
ensensis conodont zones) Marcellus Subgroup in New York
comprises two large-scale (third order) composite depositional
sequences dominated by black shale, which are here assigned to the
Union Springs and Oatka Creek formations. The succession
includes portions of three distinctive benthic faunas or ecological-
evolutionary sub-units (EESU): Onondaga, Stony Hollow and
Hamilton. In the northern Appalachian Basin in New York, the
boundaries of these bioevents show evidence of abrupt, widespread
extinctions, immigration and ecological restructuring. In the
Niagara Peninsula of Ontario and from central to northern Ohio,
the same sequence stratigraphic pattern and bioevents are
recognized in coeval, carbonate-dominated facies. The correlations
underscore a relatively simple pattern of two major sequences and
four subsequences that can be recognized throughout much of
eastern Laurentia. Moreover, the biotic changes appear to be
synchronous across the foreland basin and adjacent cratonic
platform.
................................................................
3
GEOLOGY
ARGENTINA
THE PARAUTOCHTHONOUS GONDWANAN ORIGIN OF
THE CUYANIA (GREATER PRECORDILLERA) TERRANE
OF ARGENTINA: A RE-EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE USED
TO SUPPORT AN ALLOCHTHONOUS LAURENTIAN
ORIGIN
S.C.Finney (CSU, Long Beach). GEOLOGICA ACTA v.5, no.2,
pp.127-158, 2007. (ISSN 1695-6133; Over 10 refs)
A substantial, diverse body of evidence has been interpreted as
suggesting that the Cuyania terrane of northwestern Argentina,
which includes the Argentine Precordillera, rifted from the
Ouachita embayment of Laurentia in the Early Cambrian, drifted
across the Iapetus ocean as a microcontinent, and docked with the
proto-Andean margin of Gondwana in the Mid to Late Ordovician.
This is the so-called Laurentian microcontinent model. However,
several lines of evidence (basement age and affinity, stratigraphic,
paleomagnetic and paleobiogeographical records) also point to a
parautochthonous origin of this terrane. In this parautochthonous
model, Cuyania migrated along a transform fault from a position on
the southern margin of West Gondwana (present coordinates) in the
Mid Ordovician to its modern position outboard of the Famatina
magmatic belt in Devonian time. With regard to basement age and
characteristics, recently acquired U-Pb geochronology of detrital
zircons from Cambrian and Ordovician sandstones and of zircons
from igneous clasts in an Ordovician conglomerate are difficult to
explain with the Laurentian model and indicate, instead, a
Gondwanan origin of the Cuyania terrane.
................................................................
ARGENTINA
DIAGENESIS OF A BIOCLASTIC OYSTER DEPOSIT FROM
THE LOWER CRETACEOUS (CHACHAO FORMATION)
NEUQUEN BASIN, MENDOZA PROVINCE, ARGENTINA
R.M.Palma, G.S.Bressan and D.A.Kietzmann (Buenos Aires
Univ; CONICET). CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES v.23, no.1,
pp.39-49, June 2008. (ISSN 0891-2556; Over 10 refs)
The Lower Cretaceous Chachao Formation in the Malargue
anticline area consists of wackestone, packstone, and minor
grainstone and mudstone rich in benthonic fauna that were
deposited in a carbonate ramp. The carbonate diagenesis in the
Valanginian Chachao Formation contains many processes with
conspicuous effects, including micritization,
neomorphism, and cementation. The early diagenetic process is
characterized by micritization, dissolution and mineralogic
stabilization of components, and earlier cement phase represented
by micrite cement and isopachous calcite cement, which have
petrographic characteristics consistent with precipitation in a
marine-phreatic diagenetic environment. Later diagenetic
phenomena include granular calcite and syntaxial cement. Both
cement types are interpreted as typical of a meteoric-phreatic
environment. Concentric-zoning pattern of alternating dull, and
blotchy- to bright-luminescent zones is interpreted as being caused
by a decrease in redox potential (Eh), under conditions of a
progressive marine burial meteoric-phreatic
environment. Geochemical data (Sr++, Na+, Mg++, Fe++, Mn++) and
SEM features of the micrite suggest that original calcareous mud
could have been calcite dominated (CDP). The δ18O composition of
the granular calcite cement ranging from -2.84 per mill to -4.27 per
mill PDB and the δ13C values of the cement between -2.46 per mill
and -3.50 per mill PDB are compatible with precipitation from a
fluid that evolved from meteoric-phreatic composition.
................................................................
ATLANTIC CANADA
ATLANTIC CANADA EXPLORATION: YESTERDAY, TODAY
AND TOMORROW
M.E.Enachescu and J.R.Hogg (Husky Oil Operations Ltd;
PanCanadian Petroleum Ltd). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
4 Petroleum Abstracts
1,003,087 AUSTRALIA 1,003,090
LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC REFRIGERATIONS IN
SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL AUSTRALIA, AND EARLY
METAZOANS
R.J.F.Jenkins (Adelaide Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
BAJA CALIFORNIA 1,003,091
SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS OF THE CERRO PRIETO PULL-
APART BASIN, MEXICALI, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO,
BASED ON THE REGIONAL SEISMIC RECORD AND
SURFACE STRUCTURES
F.Suarez-Vidal, R.Mendoza-Borunda, L.M.Nafarrette-
Zamarripa, J.Ramirez and E.Glowacka (CICESE; Baja California
Auton Univ). INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW v.50, no.7,
pp.636-649, July 2008. (ISSN 0020-6814; Over 10 refs)
The Salton Trough is a wide, actively subsiding basin where a
system of an en-echelon dextral transform faults and pull-apart
basins is operating. This tectonic province represents the
connection between the Gulf of California fault system and the San
Andreas transform fault. Within the depression, several sub-basins,
such as the Cerro Prieto geothermal field in Mexicali, Baja
California, Mexico, represent an incipient spreading center along
the southern limits of the Salton Trough. The Cerro Prieto Basin
1,003,088 has developed between two major, subparallel, right-stepping active
transforms--the Imperial and Cerro Prieto faults. General
agreement exists regarding the regional tectonic interpretation of
the Cerro Prieto Basin; however, published documentation is
lacking regarding its shape and dimensions. Our study shows that
the most important factor controlling formation of the Cerro Prieto
pull-apart basin is the slip on the Cerro Prieto and Imperial faults.
This tectonic activity has triggered subsidence in the intervening
area, creating several subsurface normal faults, oriented oblique
and parallel to the major strands, that control the subsidence. All of
this has resulted in the development of a NE-SW trending,
immature, pull-apart basin with an areal extent of 183 sq km.
Thus, the Cerro Prieto Basin is an important structure in terms of
dissolution, geology and geothermal resources.
................................................................
BIODIVERSITY 1,003,092
SYMMETRIC WAXING AND WANING OF MARINE
INVERTEBRATE GENERA
M.Foote (Chicago Univ). PALEOBIOLOGY v.33, no.4,
pp.517-529, Fall 2007. (ISSN 0094-8373; Over 10 refs)
Occurrence data from the paleobiology database are used to
analyze the waxing and waning of genera over time. Irrespective of
whether we tabulate species richness, frequency of occurrence,
geographic range, or other measures, the average rise and fall of
diagenetic
genera is remarkably symmetrical. Genera tend already to be in a
state of decline when they become extinct. Genera that last appear
in the major mass extinction stages, however, are more frequently
truncated while they are holding steady or even increasing. This
need not imply that mass extinctions are qualitatively different
from other events; it is consistent with the expected effects of
simply increasing the magnitude of extinction. For reasons that are
not completely clear, post-Paleozoic genera show less of a rise and
fall on average and tend to be less symmetrical than do Paleozoic
1,003,089 genera.
................................................................
BRAZIL 1,003,093
SILURIAN AND LOWER DEVONIAN CHITINOZOAN
TAXONOMY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE
5/27-30/2001)
TROMBETAS GROUP, AMAZONAS BASIN, NORTHERN
BRAZIL
Y.Grahn (Rio de Janeiro State Univ). BULLETIN OF
GEOSCIENCES v.80, no.4, pp.245-276, 2005. (ISSN 1802-8225;
Over 10 refs)
July 25, 2009

Silurian and Devonian (Lower Lochkovian) chitinozoans from
the Trombetas Group, and the basal Jatapu Member of the
Maecuru Formation, have been studied in outcrops and shallow
borings from the Amazonas Basin, northern Brazil. Outcrops were
examined along the Trombetas River and its tributaries, the
Cachorro and Mapuera rivers, situated on the northern margin of
the Amazonas Basin, and from shallow borings in the Pitinga
Formation along the Xingu River at Altamira and Belo Monte,
together with outcrops along Igarape da Rainha and Igarape
Ipiranga on the southern margin of the Amazonas Basin. In
addition, nine deep borings in the central part of the Amazonas
Basin were used as reference sections. The chitinozoans confirm a
Llandovery (Late Rhuddanian - Late Telychian) to Early Wenlock
(Sheinwoodian) age for the lower part of the Pitinga Formation, and
a Ludlow to Early Pridoli age for the upper part of the Pitinga
Formation. The overlying Manacapuru Formation is comprised of
lower Pridoli rocks in the basal part, but middle and upper Pridoli
strata are missing. The upper part of the formation and the basal
part of the Jatapu Member of the Maecuru Formation consist of
Lower Lochkovian rocks.
................................................................
BRAZIL 1,003,094
PETROGRAPHIC AND SEISMIC EVIDENCE FOR THE
DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF GIANT TURBIDITE
RESERVOIRS AND THE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC
EVOLUTION OF CAMPOS BASIN, OFFSHORE BRAZIL
M.Fetter, L.F.De Ros and C.H.L.Bruhn (Petrobras E&P; Rio
Grande Sul Fed Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
v.26, no.6, pp.824-853, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The paleogeographic evolution of Campos Basin, a major oil
province of Brazil, during the deposition of its giant turbidite
reservoirs, was reinterpreted based on the integration of
quantitative sandstone petrography and structural analysis of
regional 3D seismic data. The major detrital compositional trends
indicate that the geodynamic evolution of the continental margin,
rather than global eustatic sea-level fluctuations, has exerted the
main control on sand supply to the deepwater systems. This control
was imposed by the interaction of three geodynamic processes: (i)
escarpment retreat of the coastal mountain ridges, (ii) mantle
plume-related dynamic uplift and magmatic activity, and (iii)
tectonic reactivation of major basement fault-zones. The pattern of
distribution of compositional and textural parameters within the
turbidite sequences indicated that the sand supply to deepwater
was also constrained by high-frequency stratigraphic processes of
the climate Milankovitch band. This new approach to the controls
on the formation of the sand-rich, deepwater systems in Campos
Basin has a key importance for the generation of realistic models
for the exploration of new turbidite reservoirs and for the optimized
development of producing turbidite oilfields in such a world-class
hydrocarbon province. The proposed integrated methodology can
help to unravel the controls on the deposition of deepwater sand-
rich, deepwater reservoirs in other divergent margin settings.
(c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
BRAZIL 1,003,095
THE ROLE OF BASEMENT TECTONIC REACTIVATION ON
THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF CAMPOS BASIN,
OFFSHORE BRAZIL: EVIDENCE FROM 3D SEISMIC
ANALYSIS AND SECTION RESTORATION
M.Fetter (Petrobras E&P). MARINE AND PETROLEUM
GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.873-886, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172;
Over 10 refs)
The structural analysis of regional 3D seismic data shows
evidence of long-term tectonic inheritance in Campos Basin,
offshore Brazil. Main Lower Cretaceous rift structures controlled
themselves by strike-slip deformation belts related to Proterozoic
orogenic events, have been episodically reactivated during the
divergent margin phase of Campos Basin, from the Albian to the
Miocene. Balanced cross-sections of major salt structures indicate
that such tectonic reactivations have been controlling thin-skinned
salt tectonics, triggering pulses of gravitational gliding above the
Aptian salt detachment. Additionally, major basin features like the
Neogene progradation front and the salt tectonic domains are
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
constrained by the main Proterozoic orogenic trends of the Ribeira
Belt (NE-SW) and the Vitoria-Colatina Belt (NNW-SSE). As the
basement involved structures observed in Campos Basin can be
attributed to general geodynamic processes, it is suggested that
basement tectonic reactivation can be as relevant as isostatic
adjustment and detached thin-skinned tectonics on the structural
evolution of divergent margin settings. (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
BRAZIL 1,003,096
EVOLUTION OF A RIFT BASIN DOMINATED BY
SUBAERIAL DEPOSITS: THE GUARITAS RIFT, EARLY
CAMBRIAN, SOUTHERN BRAZIL
R.P.de Almeida, L.Janikian, A.R.S.Fragoso-Cesar and
A.Marconato (Sao Paulo Univ). SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY v.217,
nos.1-4, pp.30-51, 5/15/2009. (ISSN 0037-0738; Over 10 refs)
Most existing models for the evolution of rift basins predict the
development of deep-water depositional systems during the stage of
greatest tectonic subsidence, when accommodation generation
potentially outpaces sedimentation. Despite this, some rift basins
do not present deep-water systems, instead being dominated by
subaerial deposits. This paper focuses on one of these particular rift
basins, the Cambrian Guaritas Rift, Southern Brazil, characterized
by more than 1500 m of alluvial and aeolian strata deposited in a
50-km-wide basin. The deposits of the Guaritas Rift can be ascribed
to four depositional systems: basin-border alluvial fans, bed-load-
dominated ephemeral rivers, mixed-load ephemeral rivers and
aeolian dune fields. These four systems are in part coeval and in
part succeed each other, forming three stages of basin evolution: (i)
Rift Initiation to Early Rift Climax stage, (ii) Mid to Late Rift
Climax stage, and (iii) Early Post-Rift stage. The first stage
comprises most of the Guaritas Group and is characterized by
homogeneous bed-load-dominated river deposits, which do not
clearly record the evolution of subsidence rates. The onset of
sedimentation of finer-grained deposits occurred as a consequence
of a reactivation event that changed the outline of the basin and the
distribution of the nearby highlands. This strongly suggests that
the capture of the main river system to another depression
decreased the sediment supply to the basin. ... (c2009 Elsevier B.V.)
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
BRITISH COLUMBIA 1,003,097
FACIES AND DOLOMITIZATION OF THE MIDDLE
DEVONIAN DUNEDIN AND KEG RIVER FORMATIONS,
NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
L.M.Nadjiwon, D.W.Morrow and M.Conglio (Waterloo Univ;
Canada Geological Survey). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session GS8; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
BRUNEI 1,003,098
"VERTICALLY TRANSFERRED" OVERPRESSURES IN
BRUNEI: EVIDENCE FOR A NEW MECHANISM FOR THE
FORMATION OF HIGH-MAGNITUDE OVERPRESSURE
M.R.P.Tingay, R.R.Hillis, R.E.Swarbrick, C.K.Morley and
A.R.Damit (Adelaide Univ; GeoPressure Technology; PTT Explor &
Prod Co Ltd; Brunei Shell Petroleum). GEOLOGY v.35, no.11,
pp.1023-1026, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
Overpressures in sedimentary basins are commonly assumed to
be the result of two distinct and separate mechanisms:
disequilibrium compaction and fluid expansion. However, the
potential for overpressures to be redistributed or transferred to
other pressure compartments over time has been seldom considered
and rarely demonstrated. Pore-pressure data and velocity-effective
stress plots from 61 fields across the Baram Delta province of
Brunei (northwest Borneo) reveal that two different types of
overpressure occur in stratigraphically defined sections: the basal
pro-delta shales contain overpressures generated by disequilibrium
compaction, whereas the overlying sand/shale deltaic sequence
contains overpressures that appear to be generated by fluid
5
GEOLOGY
expansion. However, the geology of the deltaic sequences and high
magnitude of the pore pressures precludes the overpressures in the
deltaic sequences being generated by any conventional fluid
expansion mechanism, such as kerogen-to-gas maturation or clay
diagenesis. The fluid expansion overpressures are located in fields
that were inverted during the Pliocene, an event that resulted in
large-scale fluid migration from the pro-delta shales into the deltaic
sequences, including charging of the numerous oil fields in the
inner shelf. Hence, we propose that the overpressures in Brunei
provide the first evidence for a new overpressuring mechanism
whereby overpressured fluids have been vertically transferred from
the pro-delta shales into the deltaic sequences during basin
inversion.
................................................................
BRYOZOA 1,003,099
BRYOZOAN PALEOECOLOGY INDICATES MID-
PHANEROZOIC EXTINCTIONS WERE THE PRODUCT OF
LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS
C.M.Powers and D.J.Bottjer (Southern California Univ).
GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.995-998, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0091-7613;
Over 10 refs)
We compiled the global onshore-offshore distribution of marine
bryozoans within 396 Permian-Early Jurassic bryozoan
assemblages and show that bryozoan assemblage generic richness
declined significantly in advance of the end-Permian and end-
Triassic mass extinctions, starting as early as the Capitanian prior
to the end-Permian and the Norian prior to the end-Triassic. We
also show that offshore settings were affected first, prior to both
extinctions, suggesting that environmental stress resulted from the
gradual encroachment of some deep-water phenomenon onto the
shelves. These patterns support long-term oceanographic, rather
than extraterrestrial, extinction mechanisms, such as widespread
euxinia triggered by massive volcanism and global warming.
Tracking the onshore-offshore environmental distribution of these
marine invertebrates provides a unique approach to assessing
prolonged environmentally induced stress through this ca 120 m.y.
time interval.
................................................................
CADIZ GULF 1,003,100
HEAT FLOW ANOMALIES IN THE GULF OF CADIZ AND
OFF CAPE SAN VINCENTE, PORTUGAL
I.Grevemeyer, N.Kaul and A.Kopf (Leibniz Inst Marine Sci;
Bremen Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26,
no.6, pp.795-804, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
Heat flow anomalies provide critical information in active
tectonic environments. The Gulf of Cadiz and adjacent areas are
affected by the plate convergence between Africa and Europe,
causing widespread deformation and faulting. Active thrust faults
cause lateral movement and advection of heat that produces
systematic variations in surface heat flow. In December 2003 new
heat flow data were collected during the research vessel Sonne
cruise SO175 in the Gulf of Cadiz over two sites of recent focused
research activity: (i) the Gulf of Cadiz sedimentary prism and (ii)
the Marques de Pombal escarpment. Both features have also been
discussed as potential source areas of the Great Lisbon earthquake
and tsunami of 1755. Background heat flow at the eastern terminus
of the Horseshoe abyssal plain is about 52-59 mW/m2. Over the
Gulf of Cadiz prism, heat flow decreases from ca 57 mW/m2 to
unusually low values of 45 mW/m2 roughly 120 km eastward. Such
low values and the heat flow trend are typical for active thrusting,
supporting the idea of an east-dipping thrust fault. ... (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
CENTRAL ASIA 1,003,101
THE UPPER PALEOZOIC PREFLYSCH AND
OVERTHRUSTING IN THE TURKSTAN-ALAY RANGES,
SOUTHERN FERGANA
V.I.Belousov (Kyrghyz Geophys Expedition). GEOTECTONICS
v.41, no.5, pp.392-402, Sept.-Oct. 2007. (ISSN 0016-8521; Over 10
refs)
The Upper Paleozoic preflysch sedimentary rocks in the
6 Petroleum Abstracts
Turkstan-Alay ranges are combined in a common section with
limestone of autochthon and synsedimentation carbonate nappes,
thus forming the uppermost layers of the stratigraphic section of
the latter. The following sequence of events has been outlined in the
Early and Middle Carboniferous: (1) thrusting of volcanic-
sedimentary rocks filling troughs over the northern margins of
carbonate platforms; (2) lateritic weathering and deposition of
marine bauxite in the Bashkirian and early Moscovian; (3) repeated
overthrusting and deposition of preflysch on southern slopes of
platforms; (4) invasion of the frontal flysch trough from the south;
(5) scouring of preflysch and the underlying limestone; and (6)
formation of flysch-olistostrome sequences and tectonic and gravity
nappes in the late Moscovian time. This interpretation takes into
account the southward vergence of thrust sheets and nappes, the
structure and localization of allochthonous fragments of marginal
zones of carbonate platforms, and the pre-Bashkirian thrusting of
volcanic and sedimentary rocks over the condensed pelagic deposits
of the Shalan Group. It is suggested that bauxite and preflysch
materials had the same source and were deposited in the Middle
Carboniferous on the offshore carbonate shoals.
................................................................
CHILE 1,003,102
MANGANESE NODULES IN THE MIOCENE BAHIA
INGLESA FORMATION, NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE:
PETROGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY, GENESIS AND
PALAEOCEANOGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE
L.E.Achurra, J.P.Lacassie, J.P.Le Roux, C.Marquardt, M.Belmar,
J.Ruiz-del-Solar and S.E.Ishman (Chile Univ; SERNAGEOMIN;
Illinois Univ, Carbondale). SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY v.217,
nos.1-4, pp.128-139, 5/15/2009. (ISSN 0037-0738; Over 10 refs)
Manganese nodules recovered from two stratigraphic horizons
of Tortonian-Messinian (late Miocene) age in the Bahia Inglesa
Formation of north-central Chile were studied using XRD, SEM
and geochemical analysis. The dominant mineral in the nodules is
todorokite, which suggests a diagenetic, marine environment. This
is supported by field observations of nodules replacing
Ophiomorpha burrows. Preliminary, traditional statistical analysis
of the nodule geochemistry, including single element, binary and
ternary ratios, suggests that the nodules are of the supergene, deep
marine type, as also indicated by the presence of foraminifers
typical of the upper continental slope, as well as debris flow and
turbidity current deposits in an associated submarine
palaeocanyon. However, abnormally low Cu concentrations seem to
contradict this interpretation, so that additional analyses were
carried out. This included multiple discriminant analysis (MDA),
as well as a new technique applied for the first time to manganese
nodules, namely artificial neural network analysis (ANN). In both
methods central log-ratio (CLR) normalization was applied to the
raw data. The results, in particular those of the ANN analysis,
suggest that the Bahia Inglesa nodules present a chemical
signature distinct from that of nodules described to date. A new
class is therefore proposed, namely supergene intermediate marine
(partially restricted basin). (c2009 Elsevier B.V.)
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,103
RESERVOIRING MECHANISM OF COALBED METHANE IN
SOUTHERN QINSHUI BASIN
X.Y.Lin and X.B.Su (Henan Univ Technology). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.2a,8-11,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; Over 10 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,104
RESERVOIRING MECHANISM OF COALBED METHANE
AND EXPLORATION DIRECTION IN HAILAER BASIN
B.Sun, L.Y.Shao, Q.B.Zhao and Q.S.Hu (China Univ Mining
Technol; PetroChina). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.2a,12-15, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 6
refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
July 25, 2009

CHINA 1,003,105
FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS OF MESOZOIC-CENOZOIC
THERMAL HISTORY IN NORTHEAST SICHUAN BASIN
C.B.Shen, L.F.Mei and T.L.Guo (China Univ Geosci, Wuhan;
Sinopec). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE)
v.27, no.7, pp.3a-4a,24-26, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; Over 10
refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,106
MAIN CONTROL FACTORS OF HYDROCARBON
RESERVOIRING IN FORELAND THRUST BELT IN
SOUTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN
F.J.Jiang, Z.X.Jiang, X.Q.Pang and F.H.Tian (China Univ
Petroleum). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE)
v.27, no.7, pp.4a,27-30, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; Over 10 refs;
In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,107
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PALEOGENE
FUNING FORMATION RESERVOIRS IN GAOYOU SAG,
SUBEI BASIN
Q.Fu, Y.L.Ji, Y.R.Liu and X.G.Wu (Tongji Univ; Sinopec).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.4a-5a,31-34, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; Over 10 refs; In
Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,108
DIAGENETIC HISTORY OF TIGHT SANDSTONES AND GAS
ENTRAPMENT IN THE YULIN GAS FIELD IN THE
CENTRAL AREA OF THE ORDOS BASIN, CHINA
L.Zhang, G.Bai, X.Luo, X.Ma, M.Chen, M.Wu and W.Yang
(Chinese Academy Sciences; China Univ Petroleum; Res Inst Petrol
Explor Dev). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.974-989, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with an area of
250,000 km2 in central China. Upper Paleozoic coals and shales
serve as gas source rocks with peak generation and migration at
the end of the early Cretaceous. Recent exploration has verified the
huge gas potential in the "basin-centered gas accumulation system"
(BCGAS). However, the mechanism for the gas accumulation is
controversial. With an integrated approach of thin-section
petrography, ultra-violet fluorescence microscopy, fluid inclusion
microthermometry, Raman microspectrometry, scanning electron
microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry, we identified diagenetic
trapping and evaluated the diagenetic history of sandstone
reservoirs in the Yulin Gas Field in the central area, where
structural, stratigraphic and/or sedimentary lithologic traps have
not been found. It was revealed that three phases of diagenesis and
hydrocarbon charging occurred, respectively, in the late Triassic,
late Jurassic and at the end of the early Cretaceous. In the first two
phases, acidic water entered the reservoir and caused dissolution
and cementation, resulting in porosity increase. However, further
subsidence and diagenesis, including compaction and cementation,
markedly reduced the pore space. At the end of the early
Cretaceous, the bulk of the gas migrated into the tight reservoirs,
and the BCGAS trap was formed. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,109
EARLY MESOZOIC BASIN DEVELOPMENT AND ITS
RESPONSE TO THRUSTING IN THE YANSHAN FOLD-AND-
THRUST BELT, CHINA
S.Liu, J.Zhang, S.Hong and B.D.Ritts (China Univ Geosci,
Beijing; Chinese Academy Sciences; China Earthquake Admin;
Indiana Univ, Bloomington). INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY
REVIEW v.49, no.11, pp.1025-1049, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0020-6814;
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
Over 10 refs)
Mesozoic basins in the Yanshan belt of northern China record
two episodes of shortening during the Late Triassic and Late
Jurassic that span the transition from retroarc deformation and
basin formation to continental intraplate deformation. Gravel
braided river depositional systems in the Upper Triassic
Xingshikou Formation show provenance form the north and become
relatively more distal southward onto the North China Block.
These relationships are interpreted as a foreland basin system,
southward of a retro-arc, and later collisional, fold-thrust belt. The
Triassic basin shows widely correlative stratigraphy, simple
proximal-to-distal relationships, and uniformly south-directed
paleocurrents that suggest a simple integrated foreland basin. In
contrast, the Upper Jurassic Tuchengzi Formation is characterized
by coarse conglomerates with rapid facies changes, lateral non-
uniformity, and local provenance, which argues for deposition in a
broken foreland setting, with local high-gradient depositional
systems dominant.
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,110
THE PRELUDE OF THE END-PERMIAN MASS
EXTINCTION PREDATES A POSTULATED BOLIDE
IMPACT
H.Yin, Q.Feng, A.Baud, S.Xie, M.J.Benton, X.Lai and D.J.Bottjer
(China Univ Geosci, Wuhan; Lausanne Geology Museum; Bristol
Univ). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
v.96, no.5, pp.903-909, Oct. 2007. (ISSN 1437-3254; Over 10 refs)
The mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB) is
said to have been abrupt and probably caused by an
extraterrestrial impact. However, evidence from the global
stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the base of the Induan at
Meishan, China, shows that the biotic crisis began prior to the level
at which the postulated impact event occurred in beds 25 and 26.
Evidence of such an earlier biotic crisis occurs in other sections in
South China and in central and western Tethyan regions. This
event is characterized by the extinction of a range of faunas,
including corals, deep-water radiolarians, most fusulinids and
pseudotirolitid ammonoids, and many Permian brachiopods. In all
sections, this extinction level is usually a few decimeters to meters
below that of the main mass extinction in the event beds (25 and
26) at Meishan, and their correlatives elsewhere. This earlier
extinction event happened before the postulated bolide impact at
the level of beds 25 and 26, and constrains interpretation of the
mechanisms that brought about this greatest mass extinction.
................................................................
COALBED METHANE 1,003,111
DAMAGE OF ACTIVE GROUNDWATER TO COALBED
METHANE RESERVOIRS AND ITS PHYSICAL
SIMULATION
Z.H.Chen, Y.Song, B.Wang and H.Y.Wang (Guangzhou Inst
Geochem; PetroChina). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.2a-3a,16-18, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8
refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
COALBED METHANE 1,003,112
MECHANISM ON THE ACCUMULATION OF OVER-
SATURATED CBM GAS RESERVOIRS
Q.Zhao, H.Y.Wang, Y.S.Kang and H.L.Liu (PetroChina; China
Univ Petroleum). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.3a,19-23, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8
refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
COALBED METHANE 1,003,113
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ADSORPTION AND
DESORPTION OF COALBED METHANE UNDER THREE-
DIMENSIONAL STRESS
J.P.Tang, Y.S.Pan, C.Q.Li and Z.X.Dong (Peking Univ; Liaoning
Technical Univ). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
7
GEOLOGY
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.5a,35-38, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976;
Over 10 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
CORDILLERAN AREA
A CORDILLERAN MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF
AVALONIA AND RELATED PERI-GONDWANAN TERRANES
R.D.Nance, J.D.Keppie and J.B.Murphy (Ohio Univ; Mexico Nac
Auton Univ; St Francis Xavier Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
CORE ANALYSIS
RELOCATING AND ORIENTATING CORES BY THE
INTEGRATION OF ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL IMAGES: A
CASE STUDY FROM ODP HOLE 735B
S.L.Haggas, T.S.Brewer and P.K.Harvey (Leicester Univ).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS5;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
CYPRUS
THE ONSET OF THE MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS:
INSIGHTS FROM CYPRUS SECTIONS
F.Orszag-Sperber, A.Caruso, M.M.Blanc-Valleron, D.Merle and
J.M.Rouchy (Paris Sud Univ; Palermo Univ; Pierre & Marie Curie
Univ). SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY v.217, nos.1-4, pp.52-64,
5/15/2009. (ISSN 0037-0738; Over 10 refs)
The Neogene basins of Southern Cyprus provide a good
opportunity to improve the knowledge of the paleoenvironmental
changes involved in the triggering of the Messinian evaporite
deposition in the Mediterranean, and of their chronology, which is
still questionable with regards to the parameters responsible for
the triggering of the salinity crisis. It is still difficult to discriminate
the individual effects of tectonics, climate, global sea-level changes.
In Cyprus, considerable progress has been made on the events
leading to the MSC, since the 70’s, in high-resolution microfossil
biostratigraphy, astrochronology, cyclostratigraphy
magnetostratigraphy. A study of the Tochni section, in the
Psematismemos Basin, correlated with previously studied sections
in the western Polemi and Pissouri basins, allows these regional
paleoenvironmental changes to be correlated with the major events
identified in other Mediterranean basins. The depth of the basins,
in which evaporites were deposited, and the increase of salinity
leading to the formation of evaporites are better constrained and
studies confirm that restriction proceeded by steps throughout the
Mediterranean. The very short time involved in the triggering of
the onset of evaporite deposition in Cyprus basins is marked by
tectonic instability, and development of very shallow water fauna
and microbial communities indicating the water level lowered
significantly just before the beginning of the massive gypsum
precipitation. ... (c2009 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
CZECH REPUBLIC
THE JURASSIC FLOOR OF THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF IN
MORAVIA - GEOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY
J.Adamek (Czech Geological Survey). BULLETIN OF
GEOSCIENCES v.80, no.4, pp.291-305, 2005. (ISSN 1802-8225;
Over 10 refs)
The lithofacies, paleogeography, and tectonics of the Jurassic
sediments were studied in the footwall of the Carpathian Foredeep
and outer units of the Carpathian Flysch Belt in southern Moravia.
The major lithofacies were correlated and shown in a set of well
logs and regional geological cross-sections. The distribution of facies
types is demonstrated in their thicknesses and geological
structures. Both cross sections and regional maps (structural and
thickness maps) include information based on deep borehole data
8 Petroleum Abstracts
and seismic investigation. Some remarks refer to petroleum
geology.
................................................................
CZECH REPUBLIC 1,003,118
1,003,114
CENOMANIAN AND CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN
BOUNDARY IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE
BOHEMIAN CRETACEOUS BASIN, CZECH REPUBLIC
S.Cech, L.Hradecka, M.Svobodova and L.Svabenicka (Czech
Geological Survey; Czech Academy Sciences). BULLETIN OF
5/27-30/2001) GEOSCIENCES v.80, no.4, pp.321-354, 2005. (ISSN 1802-8225;
Over 10 refs)
Initial transgressive Cretaceous deposits are described from
boreholes in the southern part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin,
i.e. siliciclastic sediments of Cenomanian age (Peruc-Korycany
Formation), and hemipelagic marlstones and limestones of the
1,003,115 Turonian age (Bila Hora Formation). Transgressive successions
include fluvial, supratidal marsh, estuarine tidal flat and channel,
estuarine and mouth sand, inner shelf and open marine facies
assemblages interpreted on the basis of sedimentological and
paleontological features. Fluvial-estuarine facies filled an incised
valley that formed a tributary of the main paleovalley in the central
part of the basin. Fluvial facies are characterized by either the
prevalence of spores and the presence of freshwater green algae
(swampy conditions), or the prevalence of angiosperm pollen grains
(alluvial plain assemblage). Marsh and estuarine facies are
characterized by the presence of marine microplankton tolerant to
1,003,116 changing salinity conditions, acritarchs, prasinophycean algae,
agglutinated foraminifers, thick-walled spores, and halophyte and
taxodiaceous pollen. Inner shelf facies exhibit rare sporomorphs
(often thick-walled), increase of gonyaulacean dinocyst, marine
macrofauna, foraminifers with non-keeled planktonic foraminifera,
and sparse calcareous nannofossils. Open shelf facies are
characterized by hemipelagic sediments containing keeled
planktonic foraminifers and diverse calcareous nannofossils.
Concerning calcareous nannofossils, the base of the Turonian is
marked by the first occurrence of Eprolithus octopetalus just above
prominent erosion surface at the base of the Bila Hora Formation.
................................................................
EAST INDIAN OCEAN 1,003,119
REAPPRAISAL OF EARLY PALEOGENE CCD CURVES:
FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES AND STABLE CARBON
ISOTOPES ACROSS THE CARBONATE FACIES OF PERTH
and
ABYSSAL PLAIN
H.J.L.Hancock, G.R.Dickens, E.Thomas and K.L.Blake (James
Cook Univ; Rice Univ; Yale Univ). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF EARTH SCIENCES v.96, no.5, pp.925-946, Oct. 2007. (ISSN
1437-3254; Over 10 refs)
Bulk carbonate content, planktic and benthic foraminiferal
assemblages, stable isotope compositions of bulk carbonate and
Nuttallides truempyi (benthic foraminifera), and non-carbonate
mineralogy were examined across ca 30 m of carbonate-rich
Paleogene sediment at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 259,
on Perth Abyssal Plain off Western Australia. A prominent benthic
foraminiferal extinction event (BFEE) occurs across the clay-rich
horizon, with an influx of large Acarinina immediately above. The
δ13C records of bulk carbonate and N. truempyi exhibit trends
similar to those observed in upper Paleocene - lower Eocene (ca
57-52 Ma) sediment from other locations. Two successive decreases
1,003,117 in bulk carbonate and N. truempyi δ13C of 0.5 and 1.0 per mill
characterize the interval at and immediately above the BFEE.
Despite major changes in carbonate content, foraminiferal
assemblages and carbon isotopes, the mineralogy of the non-
carbonate fraction consistently comprises expanding clay,
heulandite (zeolite), quartz, feldspar (sodic or calcic), minor mica,
and pyrolusite (MnO2). The uniformity of this mineral assemblage
suggests that Site 259 received similar non-carbonate sediment
before, during and after pelagic carbonate deposition. The
carbonate plug at Site 259 probably represents a drop in the CCD
from ca 57 to 52-51 Ma, as also recognized at other locations.
................................................................
July 25, 2009

EAST MEDITERRANEAN SEA
MUD VOLCANOES AND GAS HYDRATES IN THE
ANAXIMANDER MOUNTAINS
MEDITERRANEAN SEA)
V.Lykousis, S.Alexandri, J.Woodside, G.de Lange, A.Dahlmann,
C.Perissoratis, K.Heeschen, C.Ioakim, D.Sakellariou et al. (Hellenic
Centre Marine Res). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
v.26, no.6, pp.854-872, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
Detailed multibeam, sedimentological, and geophysical surveys
provide ample new data to confirm that the Anaximander
Mountains (Eastern Mediterranean) are an important area for
active mud volcanism and gas hydrate formation. More than 3000
km of multibeam track length was acquired during two recent
missions and 80 gravity and box cores were recovered. Morphology
and backscatter data of the study area have better resolution than
previous surveys, and very detailed morphology maps have been
made of the known targeted mud volcanoes (Amsterdam, Kazan
and Kula), especially the Amsterdam "crater" and the related mud
breccia flows. Gas hydrates collected repeatedly from a large area of
Amsterdam mud volcano at a sub-bottom depth of around 0.3-1.5 m
resemble compacted snow and have a rather flaky form. New gas
hydrate sites were found at Amsterdam mud volcano, including the
mud flow sloping off to the south. Gas hydrates sampled for the
first time at Kazan mud volcano are dispersed throughout the core
samples deeper than 0.3 m and display a "rice"-like appearance.
Relative chronology and AMS dating of interbedded pelagic
sediments (Late Holocene hemipelagic, sapropel layer S1 and ash
layers) within the mud flows indicate that successive eruptions of
Kula mud volcano have a periodicity of about 5-10 kyrs. ... (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE PRECAMBRIAN
BASEMENT IN THE ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY REGION
INTERPRETED FROM MAGNETIC,
SEISMIC DATA
M.Lamontagne, P.Keating and S.Perreault (Canada Geological
Survey; Geologie Quebec). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING
(St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS16; Available at http://gac.ca as of
4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
CORRELATION OF MIDDLE DEVONIAN HAMILTON
GROUP-EQUIVALENT STRATA IN EAST-CENTRAL NORTH
AMERICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR EUSTASY, TECTONICS
AND FAUNAL PROVINCIALITY
A.J.Bartholomew and C.E.Brett (Cincinnati Univ). DEVONIAN
EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS [GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF
LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.278] pp.105-131, 2007.
(ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
An integrated approach, involving nearly all available
biostratigraphic data, event and sequence stratigraphy, has been
utilized in correlation of the Middle Devonian (latest Eifelian-
Givetian) Hamilton Group and equivalent strata in north-central
North America. This approach permits high-resolution correlation
of strata equivalent to the Oatka Creek (upper Marcellus),
Skaneateles, Ludlowville and Moscow formations from New York
into sections bordering the Michigan Basin in Ontario, Canada, as
well as southern Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana, USA. Most
member and submember-scale units, herein slightly redefined and
interpreted as 3rd and 4th order sequences, respectively, and their
bounding condensed beds can be correlated regionally. Moreover,
many faunal patterns also persist across this region, which,
together with sequence stratigraphy, provides a bridge for
correlation into the Michigan Basin. The detailed stratigraphy
presented herein permits a more resolved understanding of far-field
tectonics, eustasy and biotic responses during the Middle Devonian.
Allocyclic processes, primarily eustasy, played a key role in
generating persistent sedimentary cycles. Episodes of rapid mud
sedimentation occurred over large areas of the cratonic interior,
July 25, 2009
GEOLOGY
1,003,120 distal to Acadian source terrains. The major Algonquin-Findlay
Arch, which presently separates the Michigan Basin from the
Appalachian foreland basin, was not present during deposition of
(EASTERN these strata.
................................................................
EDIACARAN 1,003,123
EVOLUTION, ENVIRONMENT AND PROVINCES OF THE
EDIACARA BIOTA: TOWARD A SUBDIVISION OF THE
TERMINAL PROTEROZOIC
J.G.Gehling (South Australian Museum). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
EDIACARAN 1,003,124
FACIES, TIME, AND GEOGRAPHY IN THE STRUCTURING
OF EDIACARAN ASSEMBLAGES
B.Waggoner (Central Arkansas Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
EGYPT 1,003,125
UPPER CRETACEOUS FACIES DEVELOPMENT AND
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS, GEBEL SOMAR AREA,
NORTH CENTRAL SINAI, EGYPT
1,003,121 M.D.Samuel, A.I.M.Akarish and A.H.Zaky (National Res Ctr
(Egypt)). CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES v.23, no.1, pp.60-75,
June 2008. (ISSN 0891-2556; Over 10 refs)
Facies analysis of the exposed Upper Cretaceous sequence at
GRAVITY AND Gebel Somar area revealed that the Cenomanian-Turonian
carbonates are related either to platform-epicontinental sea or to
deeper shelf-margin carbonates. Their microfacies types are
equivalent to the standard microfacies (SMF) types, namely the
TECHNICAL bioclastic wackestone or bioclastic micrite (SMF-9) of shallow open
marine platform facies (FZ.7), rudstone with reef debris (SMF-6)
accumulated in fore-reef slope (FZ.4) and hemipelagic wackestone
(SMF-3) deposited under deep shelf marginal conditions (FZ.3). The
Coniacian-Santonian rocks show rapid facies change and manifest
oscillating depositional environments from restricted marine shoals
1,003,122
to shelf facies with open circulation. The SMF types of bioclastic
wackestone (SMF-9), grainstone with coated bioclasts (SMF-11),
grainstone with ooids (SMF-15), grainstone with pellets (SMF-16),
grainstone or pelsparite with aggregate grains (SMF-17) and
pelleted lime mudstone-wackestone (SMF-19) are discernible in the
Coniacian-Santonian carbonates. These SMF types are platform
facies belts either winnowed (FZ.6), open (FZ.7) or restricted (FZ.8)
platforms. The rapid facies change of the Coniacian-Santonian may
reflect mild tectonic instability other than sea-level fluctuations.
This tectonic instability may be the first imprint of Syrian arc
deformation, evidenced at the studied area by complete absence of
Campanian strata.
................................................................
EGYPT 1,003,126
STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON SYN-RIFT SEDIMENTATION,
NORTHWESTERN RED SEA MARGIN, EGYPT
S.M.Khalil and K.R.McClay (Suez Canal Univ; Royal Holloway
Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.1018-1034, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
Detailed field mapping of a 120-km-long segment of the
northwestern Red Sea margin reveals the existence of a number of
sediment-input sites where Lower Miocene sediments form coarse-
grained fan delta systems. Localizations of the fan deltas at the
sediment-input sites (Wadis Gassus, Guesis, Quwyh and Sharm El
Bahari) are controlled by structural and topographic elements,
including relay ramps between interacting normal fault segments,
cross-trend transfer faults, reactivated Precambrian basement
fabrics and the plunge directions of tilted fault blocks. Sedimentary
Petroleum Abstracts 9
GEOLOGY
facies and geometrical characteristics of the fan deltas indicate that
they are progradational and "Gilbert-type" fan delta systems.
Variations in size and composition of the conglomerate clasts reflect
the heterogeneous lithologies of the Precambrian basement and
pre-rift strata in the source areas along the rift margin.
Palaeocurrent data show marked changes in paleoflow directions,
from northeast in the northernmost fans to east and southeast
directions in the southern fans. This change occurs across the Duwi
accommodation zone which formed a topographic high separating
the oppositely dipping half-grabens in the study area. The data
presented in this paper clearly demonstrates that the structural
architecture of the northwestern Red Sea margin together with its
related topographic expressions played a fundamental role in
controlling the drainage network systems, sediment dispersal and
localization of the fan deltas in this part of the rift system. (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
ENGLAND 1,003,127
A NONMARINE RECORD OF ECCENTRICITY FORCING
THROUGH THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF SOUTHWEST
ENGLAND AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THE NEWARK
BASIN ASTRONOMICALLY CALIBRATED GEOMAGNETIC
POLARITY TIME SCALE FROM NORTH AMERICA
D.B.Kemp and A.L.Coe (Open Univ). GEOLOGY v.35, no.11,
pp.991-994, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
The Late Triassic was a time of major environmental change,
yet the precise chronology of events is poorly constrained owing to
the nonmarine nature of most preserved Upper Triassic strata and
the difficulty in correlating sections. St. Audrie’s Bay, southwest
England, has been the focus of many studies on this interval of
time and is one of the proposed sections for the base Jurassic global
stratotype section and point (GSSP). In this study, lacustrine
deposits exposed at St. Audrie’s Bay have been used to construct a
floating astronomical time scale for ca 3.7 m.y. of the Late Triassic
based on the recognition of ca 100 k.y. eccentricity cycles in rock
color. In addition, we have correlated this time scale with an
existing magnetostratigraphy through the same succession and
produced an astronomically calibrated record of geomagnetic
polarity. Using a novel statistical procedure, we have determined
the correlation between this succession and the Late Triassic
geomagnetic polarity time scale of the Newark Basin, North
America, on which the current (2004) geological time scale is based.
Our results show unequivocally that the studied St. Audrie’s Bay
succession represents part of the Norian and we demonstrate for
the first time that cyclostratigraphy can be used in the correlation
of Mesozoic strata between North America and Europe.
................................................................
ENGLAND 1,003,128
REGIONAL EVOLUTION OF A FLUVIODELTAIC CYCLIC
SUCCESSION IN THE MARSDENIAN (LATE NAMURIAN
STAGE, PENNSYLVANIAN) OF THE CENTRAL PENNINE
BASIN, UK
C.N.Waters, J.I.Chisholm, A.C.Benfield and A.M.O’Beirne
(British Geological Survey). PROCEEDINGS OF THE
YORKSHIRE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY v.57, pt.1, pp.1-28, May
2008. (ISSN 0044-0604; Over 10 refs)
Basin-wide analysis of sedimentary facies, isopachytes and
palaeocurrents for two late Marsdenian (Pennsylvanian)
sedimentary cycles, within part of the Millstone Grit Group, has led
to a new sequence-stratigraphic interpretation for the relationships
between its constituent sandstone units (currently named
Huddersfield White Rock, Chatsworth Grit, Brooksbottoms Grit,
Holcombe Brook Grit, Brown Edge Flags and Redmires Flags). The
Bilinguites superbilinguis (R2c1) and Verneulites sigma (R2c2)
marine bands related to fourth-order marine highstands show
faunal variations possibly reflecting fifth-order sea-level
fluctuations. The lower R2c1 cycle consists entirely of deep water
mudstone. The overlying R2c2 cycle shows an upward regressive
passage through pro-delta and delta-slope deposits to mouthbar
and channel sandstones. The latter comprises an eastern inflow of
northerly provenance, the distribution of which was not influenced
by the underlying basement configuration, and a southern inflow
sourced from the Wales-Brabant High. Falling sea-levels resulted
10 Petroleum Abstracts
in progressive narrowing of the fluvial pathway within the main
sandstone body of the eastern inflow, with a concomitant increase
in flow velocities and grain size. At lowstand, this culminated in the
Chatsworth palaeovalley, 25 km wide, the basal surface of which
can be correlated into the interfluve areas as a leached palaeosol.
Higher sandstone bodies, where developed, are of two kinds: an
earlier set present outside of the palaeovalley was formed during
regression and a later set within the palaeovalley was formed as
sea level rose.
................................................................
ENGLAND 1,003,129
VARIATION IN GROWTH-RATE AND FORM OF A
BATHONIAN (MIDDLE JURASSIC) OYSTER IN ENGLAND,
AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
A.L.A.Johnson, M.N.Liquorish and J.Sha (Derby Univ; Nanjing
Inst Geol Palaeont). PALAEONTOLOGY v.50, pt.5, pp.1155-1173,
Sept. 2007. (ISSN 0031-0239; Over 10 refs)
We review controls on extensional growth rate and shell
thickness in the extant oyster Crassostrea. Data on these shell
parameters for the ecologically similar Bathonian oyster
Praeexogyra hebridica, sampled at carefully selected sites, are then
used to test a hypothesis that small size in contemporaneous
marine bivalves of north-west Europe was the product of reduced
salinity. The hypothesis is refuted, at least to the extent that some
additional factor must be involved. The relatively low extensional
growth rate and shell thickness at the highest-salinity site,
together with the elongate (etiolated) shape there and the low
extensional growth rate at all sites in comparison with Crassostrea,
suggests that this factor is reduced primary productivity. Other
faunal, sedimentological and diagenetic evidence is consistent with
low productivity. We point to other possible instances of reduced
productivity during the Middle Jurassic and discuss the possible
role of this factor in encouraging the widespread colonization of
brackish-water environments by bivalves in the Bathonian Stage.
................................................................
FAULT RELATED FOLD 1,003,130
MECHANICS OF FAULT-RELATED FOLDS AND CRITICAL
TAPER WEDGES
C.A.Guzofski (Harvard Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2007;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.844-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3251276; 121 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
FLORIDA 1,003,131
DIAGENESIS AND POROSITY PRESERVATION IN
EOCENE MICROPOROUS LIMESTONES, SOUTH
FLORIDA, USA
R.G.Maliva, T.M.Missimer, E.A.Clayton and J.A.D.Dickson
(Schlumberger Water Svcs; Cambridge Univ). SEDIMENTARY
GEOLOGY v.217, nos.1-4, pp.85-94, 5/15/2009. (ISSN 0037-0738;
Over 10 refs)
Microporous limestones may contain immobile, capillary-bound
(irreducible) water that is only in diffusional contact with mobile
pore waters or in some reservoirs may contain producible
hydrocarbons. The preservation and distribution of microporosity
impact both subsurface fluid flow and solute transport. The
diagenesis of microporous limestones has received relatively little
attention because their very fine grains and cements are not
amenable to standard analytical methods. The Ocala Limestone
(Upper Eocene) and upper Avon Park Formation (Middle Eocene) in
South Florida contain microporous micritic limestones (mudstones
to packstones) that are at an intermediate stage of diagenesis. The
limestones have been exposed to the active near-surface
environment, but have not yet reached a burial depth sufficient for
intense chemical compaction and associated porosity reduction.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging allowed for the
quantification of total porosity, pore-size distribution, and
permeability. The Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation have
different predominant microfacies and porosity size distributions,
but yet both retain total porosities predominantly between 35% and
July 25, 2009

37%. Estimated microporosities range mostly between 12% and
45%. The mudstones and wackestones of the Ocala Limestone have
significantly lower permeabilities (mostly 3 to 12 md) than the
wackestones to grainstones of the Avon Park Formation (commonly
in the 100 to 3000 md range), which have more mixed and overall
coarser pore sizes. ... (c2009 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
FRANCE 1,003,132
STRUCTURAL STYLE OF THE QUEBEC APPALACHIANS
PARAUTOCHTHON AS REVEALED BY 3D SEISMIC DATA
AT THE SAINT-FLAVIEN NATURAL GAS RESERVOIR:
ANALOGY WITH THE CHARTREUSE MASSIF, FRENCH
ALPS
M.Malo, Y.Duchaine and D.Leavy (INRS-Georessources;
INTRAGAZ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SS16; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
FRANCE 1,003,133
SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITION IN RIFT AND FORELAND
BASINS IN FRANCE AND SPAIN (PALEOGENE AND
LOWER NEOGENE)
D.Geisler-Cussey, J.M.Rouchy, M.M.Blanc-Valleron, M.Schuler,
A.Curial, R.Moretto, G.Dromart, D.Dumas, D.Nury et al. (Pau
Univ). Columbia University Press, 1997. (ISBN 0-231-06786-0; 487
pp; Over 10 refs)
Bringing together the work of leading geologists, this book
focuses on evaporite-related deposits such as limestone, dolomite,
gypsum, and halite, found in the rift and foreland basins of eastern
France and northern Spain. These basins offer a wide variety of
sedimentary deposits within a small area, and are often
undeformed, leaving facies well preserved. Their significant
hydrocarbon potential also renders them of great economic
importance. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 provides an
overview of depositional patterns in marine, mixed, and nonmarine
evaporitive environments. Part 2 is a series of comprehensive
individual basin studies, in which contributors review the
geological history, structural evolution, facies distribution,
geochemistry, and sedimentary dynamics of specific locations in
Alsace, Bresse, Valence, and Provence. Part 3 examines evaporitic
sedimentation in the Ebro Basin and the South Pyrenean foredeeps
over time, presenting evaporitic cycles and facies analysis, and
surveys of geological settings and tectonic influence on evaporitic
sedimentation. Part 4 draws together data from the preceding
chapters and summarizes findings on lithofacies distribution,
depositional environments, climate, and secondary sulfates in
evaporitic deposits.
................................................................
GABON BASIN 1,003,134
NEOCOMIAN TO EARLY APTIAN SYN-RIFT EVOLUTION
OF THE NORMAL TO OBLIQUE-RIFTED NORTH GABON
MARGIN (INTERIOR AND N’KOMI BASINS)
M.Mbina Mounguengui and M.Guiraud (Masuku Univ Sci &
Tech; Bourgogne Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
v.26, no.6, pp.1000-1017, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The North Gabon coastal rift basins consist of a set of 130-150
long-segment asymmetrically tilted half grabens (Interior Basin)
and 000-020 short-segment en echelon half grabens (N’Komi Basin)
separated by 040-060 major transverse faults. Tectono-sedimentary
analysis of field and subsurface data reveals the control exerted by
extensional tectonism over continental sedimentation. During
Berriasian to early Barremian times, uniform uniaxial 040-060
extension was responsible for the stretching of the brittle upper
crust over a 100-km wide domain. During late Barremian - early
Aptian times, the main locus of extension stepped westward
resulting in severe end-rift uplift and erosion of the failed Interior
and N’Komi rift basins. Early Cretaceous coastal rifts in North
Gabon display a wide range of styles from oblique rifting (N’Komi
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
Basin), normal rifting (Interior Basin) to transform rifting. The pre-
existing Precambrian tectonic fabric exerts a strong control over the
mode and over the 100-300 km-scale segmentation of the rifting.
(c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
GEOLOGIC MODEL 1,003,135
THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELS WITH
VARIED MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND EROSION RATES:
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MECHANICS AND KINEMATICS
OF COMPRESSIVE WEDGES
P.Upton, K.Mueller and Y.G.Chen (GNS Science; Colorado Univ,
Boulder; National Taiwan Univ). JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL
RESEARCH v.114, no.B4, 4/4/2009. (ISSN 0148-0227; Citation
no.B04408; 18 pp; Over 10 refs)
We develop 3D mechanical models of a compressive wedge and
investigate how the form and kinematics of the outboard wedge are
affected by variation in initial topography, material properties, and
erosion rate. Inclusion into the wedge of weaker, less dense
material affects the form of the wedge, producing a region of
steeper average slopes and higher topography while depriving the
region further inboard of material. Enhanced erosion has a similar
effect. The wedge attempts to replace the eroded material by
focusing deformation. The result is a stepped region of lower
topography within the outboard of the orogen. We observe that
uplift velocities at three points in the orogen vary cyclically from
near 0 to ca 3 times the average uplift rate over cycles lasting on
the order of 15-200,000 model years. Our models, along with analog
models and some well-dated examples from active orogens, suggest
that transient accommodation of strain may be common. The cycles
observed responded rapidly to changes in the amount of erosion
imposed. Our models suggest that orogens may be driven by strong
coupling between erosion and strain on temporal scales of 10 E+04
to 10 E+05 years and spatial scales comparable to the scale of the
erosional perturbation.
................................................................
GERMANY 1,003,136
THE CADOMIAN OROGENY IN SAXO-THURINGIA,
GERMANY (IBERIAN-ARMORICAN TERRANE
ASSEMBLAGE): THE GEOTECTONIC HISTORY OF A
NEOPROTEROZOIC COUNTERPART TO AVALONIA
U.Linnemann (Dresden State Museum). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session GS2; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GERMANY 1,003,137
THE END-FRASNIAN MASS EXTINCTION IN THE EIFEL
MOUNTAINS, GERMANY: NEW INSIGHTS FROM ORGANIC
MATTER COMPOSITION AND PRESERVATION
C.Hartkopf-Froeder, M.Kloppisch, U.Mann, P.Neumann-
Mahlkau, R.G.Schaefer and H.Wilkes (Geologischer Dienst NRW;
Forschungszentrum Juelich; GeoForschungsZentr Potsdam).
DEVONIAN EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS [GEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.278]
pp.173-196, 2007. (ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
The Buedesheimer Bach borehole in the Pruem Syncline, Eifel
Mountains, Germany encountered upper Frasnian and lowermost
Famennian sediments including the Upper Kellwasser Horizon
(UKW) and a limestone-dominated sequence (LKW) which can be
correlated with the Lower Kellwasser Horizon in other sections.
The palynofacies is characterized by a high abundance of
amorphous organic matter (AOM), prasinophytes, miospores and
acritarchs indicative of a fully marine, rather distal and oxygen-
deficient environment. AOM and a low sterane/hopane ratio
suggest that cyanobacteria were important primary producers and
that bacterial reworking and oxidation influenced the organic
matter composition resulting in reduced total organic carbon (TOC)
contents and lower hydrogen index (HI) values. The LKW and the
UKW can be distinguished from the adjacent units by the abundant
prasinophytes and some geochemical parameters (e.g., higher HI,
11
GEOLOGY
lower pristane/phytane ratio, lower aryl isoprenoid ratio) but these
differences are not highly significant. However, the sediments
between these two horizons show an increased input of bacteria
and terrestrial plant material as a result of the regression that
follows after the deposition of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon. Photic
zone anoxia seems to have been more pronounced during deposition
of these horizons, supporting the view that widespread anoxia was
an important trigger of the massive end-Frasnian biotic decline.
................................................................
GIVETIAN SERIES
GIVETIAN (MIDDLE DEVONIAN) BRACHIOPOD-
GONIATITE-CORRELATION IN THE DRA VALLEY (ANTI-
ATLAS, MOROCCO) AND BERGISCH
PAFFRATH SYNCLINE (RHENISH MASSIF, GERMANY)
V.Ebbighausen, R.T.Becker, J.Bockwinkel and Z.S.Aboussalam
(Westfaelische Wilhelm Univ). DEVONIAN EVENTS AND
CORRELATIONS [GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.278] pp.157-172, 2007. (ISBN
978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
The Givetian pelagic and dysoxic outer shelf facies of the Dra
Valley (SW. Morocco) yielded as minor benthic faunal elements a
number of stringocephalid and uncitid brachiopods that allow a
precise correlation of these marker brachiopods with the regional,
detailed goniatite zonation. In a reverse situation, the predominant
neritic shallow-water succession of the Bergisch Gladbach area
(Rhenish Massif, Germany), which is characterized by a detailed
succession of stringocephalids and Uncites, has yielded rare and
new Middle Givetian goniatite species. These findings allow, with
some help of conodont data, neritic-pelagic correlations within and
between widely separated basins. New species are Tornoceras n.
sp. from the Buechel Formation (with coloration remains),
Trevoneites paffrathensis n. sp. from the Lower Plattenkalk
Formation, and Maenioceras heinorum n. sp. from the Hornstein
Member. New material of stringocephalids and Uncites is described
from the Dra Valley. The identical, well-defined range of Uncites
(U.) gryphus gryphus in the lower to middle parts of the Middle
Givetian of the Dra Valley and Rhenish Massif underscores the
stratigraphical significance of this genus that was widely
distributed in Europe, northern Gondwana, the Urals, and Central
and Eastern Asia.
................................................................
GLACIOMARINE DEPOSIT
GLACIATED CONTINENTAL MARGIN PROCESSES AND
STRATIGRAPHY: CENOZOIC OF ANTARCTICA AND
NEOPROTEROZOIC OF RODINIA COMPARED
N.Januszczak and N.Eyles (Toronto Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS5; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAIN SHAPE
THE EFFECT OF GRAIN SHAPE ON THE POROSITY OF
MARINE SEDIMENTS
D.R.Barclay and M.J.Buckingham (Scripps Inst Oceanogr).
154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New
Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122,
no.5, pt.2, p.2940, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aAO1;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAND BANKS AREA
PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF FAULT DAMAGE ZONES
ON RESERVOIR QUALITY: AN ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURAL, PETROPHYSICAL AND DYNAMIC WELL-
TEST DATA
E.McAllister, J.R.Porter, G.Styliandes, I.Sinclair, R.J.Knipe,
Q.Fisher, D.Condliffe and M.Kay (Leeds Univ; Hibernia Mgmt &
Dev Corp). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
12
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,142
AN INTEGRATED STUDY OF RESERVOIR
COMPARTMENTALIZATION IN THE HIBERNIA
1,003,138 FORMATION, HIBERNIA FIELD
J.R.Gormly, R.J.Andrews, D.K.Baskin and R.Stokes
(ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co; Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co; Chevron
Res & Technol Co). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
GLADBACH- John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,143
HIBERNIA FORMATION SEQUENCES AND BREATHITT
GROUP ANALOGUE: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESERVOIR
COMPARTMENTALIZATION AND MODELLING,
OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND
I.K.Sinclair, S.Flint, R.Stokes and M.Bidgood (Hibernia Mgmt &
Dev Co Ltd; Liverpool Univ; Newfoundland Memorial Univ).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,144
CARBONATE CEMENTATION: THE KEY TO RESERVOIR
PROPERTIES OF PRODUCING SANDSTONE LEVELS OF
THE HIBERNIA OILFIELD, JEANNE D’ARC BASIN
I.Abid and R.Hesse (McGill Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
1,003,139
GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,145
GEOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTY IN THE BEN NEVIS/AVALON
RESERVOIRS, HIBERNIA FIELD, JEANNE D’ARC BASIN
B.J.R.Hayes (Petrel Robertson Consult). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
1,003,140 GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,146
MULTI-MODAL INTERPRETATION OF CORE PHOTO AND
WELL LOG USING PETROSPIRE [SPATIAL IMAGE
RETRIEVAL ENGINE]
M.L.Hill, L.D.Bergman, Y.C.Chang, C.S.Li, N.Bennett, I.Bryant,
D.McCormick and P.Tilke (IBM T J Watson Res Ctr; Schlumberger
Doll Research). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
1,003,141
GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,147
HEAVY OIL ACCUMULATIONS IN THE JEANNE D’ARC
BASIN: A CASE STUDY IN THE HEBRON, BEN NEVIS, AND
WEST BEN NEVIS OIL FIELDS
J.W.Shimeld, P.N.Moir, M.G.Fowler, L.D.Stasiuk, R.A.Macrae
and M.A.Williamson (Canada Geological Survey). ANNUAL GAC-
MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAND BANKS AREA 1,003,148
IN THE SHADOWS OF THE GIANTS: REMAINING
EXPLORATION POTENTIAL FOR THE SOUTHERN
JEANNE D’ARC SUBBASIN
R.W.Leatherbarrow and L.J.Sydora (Chevron Canada
Resources). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GREENLAND 1,003,149
CENOZOIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE DAVIS STRAIT,
OFFSHORE SOUTHERN WEST GREENLAND
J.A.Rasmussen and E.Sheldon (Denmark Greenland Geol Sur).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GREENLAND 1,003,150
OFFSHORE WEST GREENLAND: BASIN GEOLOGY,
PETROLEUM POTENTIAL AND EXPLORATION ACTIVITY
J.A.Chalmers, F.G.Christiansen, J.A.Bojesen-Koefoed, F.Dalhoff,
H.Nohr-Hansen, C.Marcussen and M.Sonderholm (Denmark
Greenland Geol Sur). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GREENLAND 1,003,151
GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PETROLIFEROUS
NUUSSUAQ BASIN: AN OUTCROP ANALOGUE FOR THE
CRETACEOUS-PALAEOGENE BASINS OFFSHORE WEST
GREENLAND
G.Dam, J.Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A.Chalmers, F.G.Christiansen,
N.E.Hamann, H.Nohr-Hansen and A.K.Pedersen (DONG E&P;
Denmark Greenland Geol Sur; Copenhagen Geology Museum).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GREENLAND 1,003,152
MACROECOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TERRESTRIAL
VEGETATION TO CLIMATIC AND ATMOSPHERIC
CHANGE ACROSS THE TRIASSIC/JURASSIC BOUNDARY
IN EAST GREENLAND
J.C.McElwain, M.E.Popa, S.P.Hesselbo, M.Haworth and
F.Surlyk (Dublin Univ Coll; Bucharest Univ; Oxford Univ;
Copenhagen Univ). PALEOBIOLOGY v.33, no.4, pp.547-573, Fall
2007. (ISSN 0094-8373; Over 10 refs)
The magnitude and pace of terrestrial plant extinction and
macroecological change associated with the Triassic/Jurassic (Tr/J)
mass extinction boundary have not been quantified using
paleoecological data. However, tracking the diversity and ecology of
primary producers provides an ideal surrogate with which to
explore patterns of ecosystem stability, collapse, and recovery and
to explicitly test for gradual versus catastrophic causal mechanisms
of extinction. We present an analysis of the vegetation dynamics in
the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland, spanning the Tr/J
extinction event, from a census collected paleoecological data set of
4303 fossil leaf specimens, in an attempt to better constrain our
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
at understanding of the causes and consequences of the fourth
greatest extinction event in earth history. Our analyses reveal (1)
regional turnover of ecological dominants between Triassic and
Jurassic plant communities; (2) marked structural changes in the
vegetation as reflected by potential loss of a mid-canopy habit; and
(3) decline in generic-level richness and evenness and change in
ecological composition prior to the Tr/J boundary. All of these
findings argue against a single catastrophic causal mechanism,
such as a meteorite impact for Tr/J extinctions. We identify various
key ecological and biological traits that increased extinction risk at
the Tr/J boundary and corroborate predictions of meta-population
theory or plant ecophysiological models. These include ecological
rarity, complex reproductive biology, and large leaf size.
................................................................
GUATEMALA 1,003,153
THE MAYA-CHORTIS BOUNDARY: A
TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH
F.Ortega-Gutierrez, L.A.Solari, C.Ortega-Obregon, M.Elias-
Herrera, U.Martens, S.Moran-Ical, M.Chiquin, J.D.Keppie, R.Torres
de Leon et al. (Mexico Nac Auton Univ). INTERNATIONAL
GEOLOGY REVIEW v.49, no.11, pp.996-1024, Nov. 2007. (ISSN
0020-6814; Over 10 refs)
This work presents an updated revision of the complex
stratigraphic and tectonic relationships that characterize the
geologic boundary between the Chortis and Maya continental
blocks of the Caribbean region. Based on field, petrologic, structural
and geochronological work in key areas of central Guatemala,as
well as analysis of the relevant literature, we propose a new
tectonostratigraphic structure that more fully appraises the
fundamental tectonic role played by major faults that cut across the
continental isthmus between the Americas, and bound separate
tectonostratigraphic terranes (or fault blocks according to author
JDK). Accordingly, we subdivide the area into seven of these units,
from south to north: Chortis, Yoro, Sula, El Tambor, Jacalteco, Achi,
and Maya, bounded respectively by the Aguan-La Ceiba, Jocotan-
Chamelecon, Motagua, Baja Verpaz (defined in this work), and
Chixoy-Polochic fault zones. Unfortunately, the extreme paucity of
modern geologic data bearing on the pre-Cretaceous cover and
basement units in the entire region constitutes a major obstacle for
building convincing paleogeographic models to explain the complex
tectonic evolution of the area from Precambrian to Cenozoic time.
Consequently, this work should be taken as an attempt line to
understand more clearly the nature and contact relationships
between deep crustal blocks in nuclear Central America, and as a
contribution to interpret their geologic evolution in plate tectonic
terms.
................................................................
HISPANIOLA 1,003,154
MORPHOTECTONIC STUDY OF HISPANIOLA
M.O.Cotilla, D.Cordoba and M.Calzadilla (Madrid Complutense
Univ). GEOTECTONICS v.41, no.5, pp.368-391, Sept.-Oct. 2007.
(ISSN 0016-8521; Over 10 refs)
Geomorphological analysis, aerial photographs, and
geomorphologic, geological, geophysical, topographical and field
studies show that the morphology of Hispaniola can be linked to
lateral variations in the geometry and tectonism of the Caribbean-
North American Plate Boundary Zone. Three main categories of the
relief were established: territorial units (1 megablock, 2
macroblocks, 14 mesoblocks, 209 blocks, 401 microblocks, and 527
nanoblocks), morphostructural alignments (4 first-rank, 1 second-
rank, 12 third-rank, and 30 fourth-rank), and 16 knots between
morphostructural alignments (second- to fourth-rank). The main
seismic activity is concentrated on the first-rank and second-rank
lineaments, and some important epicenters are located in the
vicinity of the lineament intersections. The origin of the
earthquakes in the vicinity of such knots can be explained by the
forcing/pushing of macroblocks northeastward. The existence of
earthquakes along the main lineaments may be explained by
tension or compression in a restraining bend zone. From the
current study, it appears that earthquake occurrence in Hispaniola
is related with the stress concentrations in the vicinity of
morphotectonic zones. A seismotectonic interpretation of
Hispaniola is shown where three zones exist, each of them with a
different active level and dimensions.
................................................................
13
GEOLOGY
ILLINOIS
PETROPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF
DISTRIBUTION IN THE GENEVA DOLOMITE MEMBER OF
THE GRAND TOWER FORMATION IN MARION COUNTY,
ILLINOIS
B.R.Summers (Northern Illinois Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.848-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3251029; 164 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
ILLINOIS BASIN
REDEFINITION OF THE NEW ALBANY SHALE OF THE
ILLINOIS BASIN: AN INTEGRATED, STRATIGRAPHIC,
SEDIMENTOLOGIC, AND GEOCHEMICAL STUDY
O.R.Lazar (Indiana Univ, Bloomington). Ph.D. thesis, 2007;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.846-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3252777; 362 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
INDIA
TERMINAL PROTEROZOIC EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS:
ASSESSMENT FROM INDIAN SEQUENCES
V.Rai and A.Singh (Lucknow Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
INDIAN OCEAN
TECTONIC TYPES OF DEEPWATER BASINS IN THE
INDIAN OCEAN
Yu.M.Pushcharovsky (Russian Academy
GEOTECTONICS v.41, no.5, pp.355-367, Sept.-Oct. 2007. (ISSN
0016-8521; Over 10 refs)
Among 16 deepwater basins located in the central Indian Ocean
and along its western, eastern, and southern margins, the central,
perioceanic, and perispreading tectonic types are recognized. The
Central, Cocos, Wharton, and Crozet basins belong to the first type.
The second type comprises the Somalia, Mascarene, Madagascar,
Mozambique, and Agulhas basins localized along the western
margin of the ocean; the Argo, Gascoyne, Cuvier, and Perth basins
that are situated along its eastern periphery; and the African-
Antarctic Basin in the southern periphery. The South Australian
and Australian-Antarctic basins pertain to the third type. Spatially
and tectonically, the pericontinental basins are conjugated with
continental blocks in the ocean (rises, plateaus, microcontinents).
Together, they make up specific tectonic systems that extend
parallel to the continents. The formation of such systems is
controlled by horizontal movement of continental blocks and
tectonic subsidence of the oceanic bottom.
................................................................
IRAN
LATE OLIGOCENE - EARLY MIOCENE BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE
ASMARI FORMATION, SOUTH YASUJ, NORTH-CENTRAL
ZAGROS BASIN, IRAN
S.Hakimzadeh and A.Seyrafian (Isfahan Univ). CARBONATES
AND EVAPORITES v.23, no.1, pp.1-10, June 2008. (ISSN
0891-2556; Over 10 refs)
A total of 19 genera and 34 species of benthic foraminifera were
identified in the Asmari Formation from a stratigraphic section
located south Yasuj, north-central Zagros, Iran. The age of the
Asmari Formation at the studied section is Oligocene (Rupelian-
Chattian) and Early Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian). Age was
determined by the occurrence of Nummulites vascus - Nummulites
fichteli; Eulepidina-Nephrolepidina-Nummululites; Miogypsinoides-
Archaias-Valvulinid; and Borelis melo group - Meandropsina
14
1,003,155 iranica assemblage zones. A Globigerina spp. assemblage zone also
occurs within the Borelis melo group - Meandropsina iranica
POROSITY assemblage zone WNW of the study area.
................................................................
IRAN 1,003,160
HYDROCARBON GENERATION IN LOWER
CARBONIFEROUS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN ALBORZ
BELTS, NORTH IRAN
F.Sahabi (Iran Geological Survey). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session GS8; Available at
1,003,156 http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
IRAN 1,003,161
THE LOWER TRIASSIC SORKH SHALE FORMATION OF
THE TABAS BLOCK, EAST CENTRAL IRAN: SUCCESSION
OF A FAILED-RIFT BASIN AT THE PALEOTETHYS
MARGIN
Y.Lasemi, M.Ghomashi, H.Amin-Rasouli and A.Kheradmand
(Illinois State Geol Survey; Sistan & Baluchestan Univ; Kurdistan
1,003,157 Univ; Shahid Bahonar Univ). CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES
v.23, no.1, pp.21-38, June 2008. (ISSN 0891-2556; Over 10 refs)
The Lower Triassic Sorkh Shale Formation is a dominantly red
colored marginal marine succession deposited in the N-S-trending
Tabas Basin of east central Iran. It is correlated with the
unconformity-bounded lower limestone member of the Elika
Formation of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran. The Sorkh
Shale is bounded by the pre-Triassic and post-Lower Triassic
interregional unconformities and consists mainly of carbonates,
sandstones, and evaporites. Detailed facies analysis of the Sorkh
Shale Formation resulted in recognition of several genetically
1,003,158
linked peritidal facies that are grouped into restricted subtidal,
carbonate tidal flat, siliciclastic tidal flat, coastal plain and
continental evaporite facies associations. These were deposited in a
Sciences). low energy, storm-dominated inner-ramp setting with a very gentle
slope that fringed the Tabas Block of east central Iran and passed
northward (present-day coordinates) into deeper water facies of the
Paleotethys passive margin of northern Cimmerian Continent.
Numerous carbonate storm beds containing well-rounded
intraclasts, ooids and bioclasts of mixed fauna are present in the
Sorkh Shale Formation of the northern Tabas Basin. The
constituents of the storm beds are present throughout the lower
limestone member of the Elika Formation. The Tabas Block, a part
of the Cimmerian continent in east central Iran, is a rift basin that
developed during Early Ordovician-Silurian Paleotethys rifting.
................................................................
IRAN 1,003,162
MICROFACIES AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ILAM
FORMATION IN THE TANG-E RASHID AREA, IZEH, S.W.
IRAN
M.H.Adabi and E.A.Mehmandosti (Shahid Beheshti Univ).
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES v.33, nos.3-4,
pp.267-277, 7/15/2008. (ISSN 1367-9120; Over 10 refs)
The Ilam Formation (Santonian-Campanian in age), part of the
1,003,159
Bangestan Group, is disconformably overlain by the Sarvak
Formation and underlain by the Gurpi Formation in the Tang-E
Rashid, Peyon area, Izeh (Zagros), southwest of Iran. Facies
analyses indicate that the Ilam carbonates formed in four
microfacies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine, in a
platform ramp environment. Major and minor elements and carbon
and oxygen isotope values were used to determine the original
carbonate mineralogy of the Ilam Formation. Petrographic
evidence and elemental and oxygen and carbon isotope values
indicate that aragonite was the original carbonate mineralogy in
the Ilam Formation. The elemental and isotopic compositions of the
Ilam carbonates also illustrate that they have stabilized in the
marine phreatic environment. Variations of Sr/Ca and δ18O values
versus Mn suggest that diagenetic alteration occurred in a closed
system. Temperature calculation based on the oxygen isotope value
of the least-altered sample indicates that the very early shallow
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

burial fluid temperature was around 28°C. Recognition of the exact
boundary between the Ilam and Sarvak Formations is difficult, due
to similar lithologies and the absence of the Surgah Formation in
the study area. However, elemental and oxygen and carbon isotope
analyses were used to determine the boundary between these
formations. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
IRELAND 1,003,163
AGE CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH
HISTORY OF A DEEP-WATER CORAL MOUND IN THE
NORTHEAST ATLANTIC DRILLED DURING INTEGRATED
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM EXPEDITION 307
A.Kano, T.G.Ferdelman, T.Williams, J.P.Henriet, T.Ishikawa,
N.Kawagoe, C.Takashima, Y.Kakizaki, K.Abe et al. (Hiroshima
Univ). GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.1051-1054, Nov. 2007. (ISSN
0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
Sr isotope stratigraphy provides a new age model for the first
complete section drilled through a deep-water coral mound. The
155-m-long section from Challenger Mound in the Porcupine
Seabight, southwest of Ireland, is on Miocene siliciclastics and
consists entirely of sediments bearing well-preserved cold-water
coral Lophelia pertusa. The 87Sr/86Sr values of 28 coral specimens
from the mound show an upward-increasing trend, correspond to
ages from 2.6 to 0.5 Ma, and identify a significant hiatus from ca
1.7 to 1.0 Ma at 23.6 m below seafloor. The age of the basal mound
sediments coincides with the intensification of Northern
Hemisphere glaciations that set up the modern stratification of the
northeast Atlantic and enabled coral growth. Mound growth
persisted throughout glacial-interglacial fluctuations, reached a
maximum rate (24 cm/k.y.) ca 2.0 Ma, and ceased at 1.7 Ma. Unlike
other buried mounds in Porcupine Seabight, Challenger Mound was
only partly covered during its growth interruption, and growth
restarted ca 1.0 Ma.
................................................................
JORDAN 1,003,164
FACIES DEVELOPMENT DURING LATE EARLY-MIDDLE
CAMBRIAN (TAYAN MEMBER, BURJ FORMATION)
TRANSGRESSION IN THE DEAD SEA RIFT VALLEY,
JORDAN
O.Elicki (Freiberg Univ). CARNETS DE GEOLOGIE
(NOTEBOOKS ON GEOLOGY) no.A07, 2007. (ISSN 1634-0744; 20
pp; Over 10 refs)
The transgressive Tayan Member of the upper Lower to Middle
Cambrian Burj Formation (Jordan) has been investigated in several
localities of the Dead Sea Rift valley, Jordan. The lower portion of
this member consists of low-energy siliciclastics with indications of
temporary, early pedogenetic processes, pointing to some stagnation
during transgression. The upper portion of the member was
deposited under higher energy conditions. Stromatolites,
desiccation cracks, halite-pseudomorphs, laminated dolostones, and
tepees, together with ripples, mud-clasts and scours point to a
shallow intertidal to supratidal sabkha-related environment in a
climate of tropical to subtropical aridity. The fossil content of the
Tayan Member consists exclusively of trace fossils. Simple
endobentic, worm-like r-strategists are common in some horizons.
For the first time, Treptichnus pedum has been reported from
Jordan where it was found near the base of this member. The
markedly reduced biodiversity together with sedimentological data
led to the interpretation of a strongly stressed, paleoecologically
unstable habitat.
................................................................
JORDAN 1,003,165
TECTONO SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE UMM
GHADDAH FORMATION (LATE EDIACARAN - EARLY
CAMBRIAN) IN JORDAN
B.S.Amireh, M.N.Amaireh and A.M.Abed (Jordan Univ; Tafila
Technical Univ). JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES v.33,
nos.3-4, pp.194-218, 7/15/2008. (ISSN 1367-9120; Over 10 refs)
The terrestrial Umm Ghaddah Formation of late Ediacaran -
early Cambrian age was deposited in NE-SW elongated
intracontinental rift system basins and sub-basins bounded by
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
active listric half-graben faults. Basin fill consists of conglomerate
facies association A, deposited in a fault-controlled transverse
alluvial fan system that drained northwestward and graded
laterally into sandstone facies association B, deposited by a braided
river system flowing northeastward axial to the rift basin. The
alluvial fan facies association was deposited by rock falls and non-
cohesive debris flows of sediment gravity flow origin, and by
sheetflood processes. The Umm Ghaddah Formation is dominated
by a large-scale fining upward succession interpreted to reflect a
gradual cessation of the Pan African Orogeny. Within this large-
scale trend there are also minor fining and coarsening upward
cycles that are attributed to repeated minor tectonic pulses and
autocyclic shifting of the system. The distribution pattern of the
Umm Ghaddah Formation and the underlying Ediacaran Sarmuj
Conglomerates, Hiyala Volcaniclastics and Aheimir Volcanics in
Jordan and adjacent countries in isolated extensional half-grabens
and grabens formed during the extensional collapse phase of Arabia
associated with the Najd Fault System seems to be unrelated to the
present day Wadi Araba - Dead Sea transform fault system. (c2007
Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
KAZAKHSTAN 1,003,166
EARLY ORDOVICIAN VOLCANIC COMPLEX OF THE
STEPNYAK ZONE (NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN): AGE
SUBSTANTIATION AND GEODYNAMIC SETTING
K.E.Degtyarev, K.N.Shatagin, A.B.Kotov, E.B.Salnikova,
M.V.Luchitskaya, M.M.Shershakova, A.V.Shershakov and
A.A.Tretyakov (Russian Academy Sciences; Bura Mining Co).
DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES v.419, no.2, pp.248-252, Feb.-March
2008. (ISSN 1028-334X; Over 10 refs)
The uncertainty of the timing of the felsic volcanic rocks
complicates the correlation of geological events in different
structural-formational zones and leads to an ambiguous
interpretation of the Early Paleozoic evolution of Northern
Kazakhstan. Therefore, the main aims of our research were to
study the structure and composition of the felsic volcanic sequence
of the Stepnyak zone and to date them by the U-Pb zircon method.
In the Stepnyak zone, the considered volcanogenic complex is
exposed in the Kotyrkol-Mamai anticline. In the southern framing
of the Precambrian Shatsky Massif, they compose the base of the
Lower Paleozoic sequence. We have substantiated for the first time
that the red-colored subalkaline felsic volcanic rocks of the
Stepnyak zone of Northern Kazakhstan have an Early Ordovician
age. They were formed in an active continental margin or ensialic
island arc. The recognition of this structure suggests that the
continental block of Precambrian massifs of western Kazakhstan
included not only passive margins, as is assumed in the existing
geodynamic reconstructions, but also active margins in the Early
Ordovician.
................................................................
MASSACHUSETTS 1,003,167
U-Pb ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SQUANTUM
"TILLITE," BOSTON BASIN, EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS:
IMPLICATIONS FOR TERMINAL NEOPROTEROZOIC
"SNOWBALL" GLACIATION
M.D.Thompson and S.A.Bowring (Wellesley Coll; Massachusetts
Inst Technol). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SS12; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
MOROCCO 1,003,168
NERITIC-PELAGIC CORRELATION IN THE LOWER AND
BASAL MIDDLE DEVONIAN OF THE DRA VALLEY
(SOUTHERN ANTI-ATLAS, MOROCCAN PRE-SAHARA)
U.Jansen, N.Lazreq, G.Plodowski, M.Schemm-Gregory,
E.Schindler and K.Weddige (Forschungsinst Senckenberg; Cadi
Ayyad Univ). DEVONIAN EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS
[GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION
NO.278] pp.9-37, 2007. (ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
15
GEOLOGY
Marine Lower Devonian successions are widely exposed in the
Dra Valley (Southern Anti-Atlas, Moroccan Pre-Sahara). Resulting
from new studies, especially on brachiopods, conodonts, and
dacryoconarid tentaculitids, the chronostratigraphic assignments of
the Lower Devonian formations are revised. Thanks to lateral and
vertical facies variations, it is possible to correlate pelagic and
neritic successions and corresponding biostratigraphies. Pelagic
conodont, dacryoconarid and goniatite faunas allow correlations
and dating in the sense of the Bohemian and global
chronostratigraphies, whereas units of the traditional Rhenish
subdivision can be identified by means of neritic brachiopods.
................................................................
MOROCCO
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AT THE FRASNIAN-
FAMENNIAN BOUNDARY IN CENTRAL MOROCCO
(NORTHERN GONDWANA): INTEGRATED
MAGNETIC AND GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES
L.Riquier, O.Averbuch, N.Tribovillard, A.El Albani, N.Lazreq
and S.Chakiri (Lille I Univ; Poitiers Univ; Cadi Ayyad Univ; Ibn
Tofail Univ). DEVONIAN EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS
[GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION
NO.278] pp.197-217, 2007. (ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
Rock magnetic (magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis
parameters) and geochemical analyses (major and trace elements)
were carried out on whole rock samples of two Frasnian-Famennian
boundary sections, Anajdam and Bou-Ounebdou in the Central
Morocco (Western Meseta). During the Frasnian, the decreasing
trend of the magnetic susceptibility signal, mainly carried by low-
coercivity magnetite grains, indicates a gradual reduction of
detrital influx. This decrease in detrital input parallels a Frasnian
long-term sealevel rise. In the Late Frasnian Kellwasser Horizons,
that are classically considered to represent highstand deposits, the
magnetic signal exhibits the lowest intensities in connection with
maximum diamagnetic contribution of the carbonate fraction. With
respect to geochemical data, the two black carbonate-rich
Kellwasser Horizons are characterized by noticeable positive
anomalies of bottom-water dysoxic proxies and of marine primary
productivity markers. Our data thus suggest that in Central
Morocco, the Late Frasnian marine environments were marked by
a relatively important biogenic productivity favouring the onset of
oxygen-depleted conditions during periods of maximum
transgression on the continental platforms.
................................................................
MOROCCO
MIDDLE TO LATE FAMENNIAN SUCCESSIONS AT AIN
JEMAA (MOROCCAN MESETA) - IMPLICATIONS FOR
REGIONAL CORRELATION, EVENT STRATIGRAPHY AND
SYNSEDIMENTARY TECTONICS OF NW. GONDWANA
S.I.Kaiser, R.T.Becker and A.El Hassani (Naturkundemuseum
Stuttgart; Westfaelische Wilhelm Univ; Mohammed V Univ).
DEVONIAN EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS [GEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.278]
pp.237-260, 2007. (ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
Two pelagic successions near Ain Jemaa (Oulmes region,
Moroccan Meseta) are dated by conodonts and ammonoids and
provide new data on the discontinuous Middle to Upper Famennian
faunal and facies evolution in the region. Upper Devonian shales
and nodular limestones are assigned to the new Bou Gzem
Formation, which is subdivided into three members. The Upper
Member consists of black shales that are correlated with the
globally widespread, transgressive black shale interval of the
Hangenberg Event. The overlying quartzites are interpreted as
prodeltaic deposits and assigned to the new Ta’arraft Formation
that probably correlate with the major regressive phase of the
Hangenberg Event. Contemporaneous (Strunian) coarse
siliciclastics have a wide distribution in different structural units of
the Meseta. Both studied sections display a long sedimentary gap
but of different extent at the base of the black shales. Comparison
with other regions of Hercynian Morocco suggest an influence of
Eohercynian tectonics on sedimentation, leading to extreme
condensation and/or non-deposition, while other Meseta areas show
evidence of contemporaneous reworking on uplifted structural
highs and massive shedding of mass flows, conglomerates and
16
turbidites into adjacent pelagic basins. Data from Oulmes and
other Meseta regions suggest a timing of tectophases as early
Middle Famennian (starting within the marginifera Zone) and
Upper Famennian (starting within the Middle expansa Zone),
interrupted by transgressive pulses of the global Annulata and
Dasberg Events.
................................................................
NEW JERSEY 1,003,171
LOWER DEVONIAN INVERTEBRATE TRACE FOSSILS
FROM THE ORISKANY FORMATION, NORTHWESTERN
NEW JERSEY
1,003,169 R.Metz (Kean Univ). NORTHEASTERN GEOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES v.30, no.2, pp.111-117, June 2008.
(ISSN 0194-1453; Over 10 refs)
Lower Devonian beach or barrier-bar deposits of light- to
ROCK- medium-gray calcareous sandstones and medium- to medium dark-
gray siltstones of the Oriskany Formation, Delaware Water Gap
National Recreation Area, New Jersey, have yielded the trace
fossils Planolites beverleyensis, Skolithos linearis, as well as a
bivalve escape structure. Skolithos linearis, representing vertically
oriented feeding burrows within light- to medium-gray calcareous
sandstones, records exploitation by opportunistic suspension
feeders in a very shallow marine environment during dominant
high energy conditions. In contrast, Planolites beverleyensis,
representing horizontally oriented shallow burrows within
medium- to medium dark-gray siltstones, denotes exploitation by
opportunistic deposit feeders during relatively abrupt, short-lived
lower energy levels within the same environment.
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND 1,003,172
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND TAPHONOMY OF EDIACARAN
FOSSILS AT MISTAKEN POINT, SOUTHEASTERN
NEWFOUNDLAND
D.A.Wood, R.W.Dalrymple, G.M.Narbonne, M.E.Clapham and
J.G.Gehling (Queen’s Univ, Kingston; South Australian Museum).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND 1,003,173
1,003,170 POPULATION STRUCTURE, DIVERSITY, AND SPECIES
ABUNDANCE MODELS OF EDIACARAN COMMUNITIES AT
MISTAKEN POINT, NEWFOUNDLAND
M.E.Clapham, G.M.Narbonne and J.G.Gehling (Queen’s Univ,
Kingston; South Australian Museum). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND 1,003,174
A MID-CRETACEOUS (UPPER BARREMIAN-TURONIAN)
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC
FRAMEWORK FOR THE HIBERNIA FIELD RESERVOIR,
JEANNE D’ARC BASIN, GRAND BANKS OF
NEWFOUNDLAND
N.R.Ainsworth, L.A.Riley and I.K.Sinclair (BVR International
Ltd; Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co Ltd). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND 1,003,175
INTEGRATED ICHNOLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF
THE BEN NEVIS AND AVALON FORMATIONS, JEANNE
D’ARC BASIN, GRAND BANKS, NEWFOUNDLAND
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

M.V.Spila, S.G.Pemberton and I.K.Sinclair (Alberta Univ;
Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co Ltd). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND
THE GEOLOGICAL CHARACTER AND RESOURCE
ESTIMATION FOR THE WHITE ROSE OIL AND GAS FIELD,
OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA
K.Deutsch, L.Mayo and S.Hallstrom (Husky Energy). ANNUAL
GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND
FAULT SEAL AND FAULT POPULATION ANALYSIS OF
THE HEBRON/BEN NEVIS AND TERRA NOVA OILFIELDS,
OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND
M.E.Rees and D.A.Spratt (Calgary Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND
THE TERRA NOVA OIL FIELD,
NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA: A PRE-PRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
E.A.Albrechtsons, I.D.Delong and M.Skaug (Petro-Canada;
Norsk Hydro ASA). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEWFOUNDLAND
TACONIC OROGENY AND THE ACCRETION OF THE
DASHWOODS BLOCK: A PERI-LAURENTIAN
MICROCONTINENT IN THE IAPETUS OCEAN
J.W.F.Waldron and C.R.Van Staal (Alberta Univ; Canada
Geological Survey). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SS16; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORTH AFRICA
BRACHIOPOD FAUNAL CHANGES ACROSS THE
DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY IN NW.
SAHARA (MOROCCO, ALGERIA)
D.Brice, M.Legrande-Blain and J.P.Nicollin (Inst Superieur
Agriculture). DEVONIAN EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS
[GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION
NO.278] pp.261-271, 2007. (ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
Based on previous systematic studies of productid,
rhynchonellid and spiriferid brachiopods from NW. Sahara
(Morocco and Algeria), we recognize three successive faunas near
the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. A Lower Fauna, late
Famennian in age [IV(?)-V and lower VI(?) Zones], and an Upper
Fauna, early Tournaisian in age, are present in southern Morocco
(Assa, Akka, Zemoul areas) and in Algeria, Timimoun area. A third
Intermediate Fauna, with few taxa, and differing according to the
areas, is identified in southern Morocco. Northwards, in Tafilalt-
Ma’der basins, rare brachiopods, found above a Hangenberg Black
Shale equivalent, are in spite of taxonomic differences related to
July 25, 2009
GEOLOGY
the Upper Fauna. This important renewal of faunas could be in
relation to the main lithological variations.
5/27-30/2001) ................................................................
NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN 1,003,181
DRAINAGE REORGANIZATION DURING BREAKUP OF
PANGEA REVEALED BY IN-SITU Pb ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS
1,003,176 OF DETRITAL K-FELDSPAR
S.Tyrrell, P.D.W.Haughton and J.S.Daly (Dublin Univ Coll).
GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.971-974, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0091-7613;
Over 10 refs)
Pb isotopes in detrital K-feldspar grains provide a powerful
provenance tracer for feldspathic sandstones. Common Pb isotopic
compositions show broad (hundred-kilometer scale) regional
variation, and this signature can survive weathering, transport,
and diagenesis. The feldspar Pb signature can be measured rapidly
using laser ablation-multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-
mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS), and careful targeting can
avoid inclusions and altered regions within grains. Here, we
1,003,177 combine a new Pb domain map for the circum-North Atlantic with
detrital K-feldspar Pb isotopic data from Triassic and Jurassic
sandstones from basins on the Irish Atlantic margin. The Pb
isotopic compositions reveal otherwise cryptic feldspar populations
that constrain the evolving drainage pattern. Triassic sandstones
originated from distant Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks,
probably in Greenland, Labrador, and the Rockall Bank to the
northwest, implying long (> 500 km) transport across a nascent rift
system. Later, Jurassic sandstones had a composite Paleo- and
Mesoproterozoic source in more proximal sources to the north (<
150 km away). No recognizable feldspar was recycled from Triassic
1,003,178 into Jurassic sandstones, and the change in provenance is
consistent with distributed, low-relief Triassic extension in a wide
OFFSHORE rift, followed by narrower Jurassic rifting with more localized fault-
controlled sediment sources and sinks.
................................................................
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN 1,003,182
NAMBA, THE NORTH ATLANTIC MARGINS BASINS
ANALYSIS STUDY: THE EVOLUTION OF NORTH
ATLANTIC BASINS
M.E.Odegard and C.M.Green (GETECH Inc; GETECH Ltd).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
1,003,179 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORTH SEA 1,003,183
ALLUVIAL ARCHITECTURE AND CORRELATION IN THE
LATE TRIASSIC BLOMIDON FORMATION, BAY OF FUNDY,
E. CANADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON
PRODUCTION, UK NORTHERN NORTH SEA
B.P.J.Williams, S.R.Gould and M.Roberts (Aberdeen Univ; Shell
UK Explor & Prod). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
1,003,180 John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORTH SEA 1,003,184
BRITANNIA FIELD, UK NORTH SEA: PRODUCTION DATA
REDEFINES STRATIGRAPHICAL ARCHITECTURE IN AN
EXTENSIVELY CORED FIELD
A.J.Palfrey, S.Archer, T.Feyijimi and S.Garrett (Britannia
Operator Ltd). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts 17
GEOLOGY
NORTH SEA 1,003,185
CALIBRATING FAULT SEAL USING A HYDROCARBON
MIGRATION MODEL OF THE OSEBERG SYD AREA,
VIKING GRABEN
C.Childs, O.Sylta, S.Moriya, N.Morewood, T.Manzocchi,
J.J.Walsh and D.Hermanssen (Dublin Univ Coll; SINTEF
Petroleumsforskning; Norsk Hydro). MARINE AND PETROLEUM
GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.764-774, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172;
Over 10 refs)
It is widely acknowledged that fault rock capillary properties
are important in controlling the distribution of hydrocarbons in
sedimentary basins, and methods exist for predicting the capillary
seal capacity of prospect bounding faults. However, fault seal
capacity is rarely incorporated into models of hydrocarbon
migration. This paper presents the results of migration modelling
of the Oseberg Syd area of the Viking Graben incorporating fault
rock capillary properties. Seal capacity is calculated in the model as
a function of shale gouge ratio (SGR), i.e. the percentage shale in
the sequence moved past a point on a fault. Over 3000 model
realisations were run for different SGR to fault seal capacity
relationships and the calculated hydrocarbon distributions were
compared with known distributions. Realisations were ranked
according to the closeness of fit between model and actual oil-water
contacts for 7 traps. The best-fit to all 7 traps was provided by
realisations with significant seal capacity at SGR values greater
than ca 0.2; a value which is in agreement with an independently
derived fault-by-fault calibration between SGR and seal capacity.
The level of fill calculated for an individual trap is extremely
sensitive to minor changes in the seal capacity relationship because
it is controlled not only by the seal capacities of the faults that
bound the trap, but also by the pattern of fill-spill of upstream
traps. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NORTH SEA 1,003,186
STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE FEDA GRABEN AREA
- A NEW MODEL
M.Tanveer and J.A.Korstgard (North Energy AS; Aarhus Univ).
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.990-999,
June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The pre-Cretaceous basin evolution of the Feda Graben area in
the vicinity of the Norwegian-Danish basin has been reconstructed
utilizing geological and structural interpretation. The analysis
reveals that the basin was faulted at its borders prior to the salt
deposition in the Late Permian. Salt movement was initiated in
Late Triassic and thick Triassic and Lower Jurassic pods were
deposited in the graben area due to this movement. Salt pillows
were developing along the Feda Graben bordering faults until
Middle Jurassic when the pillows were collapsed. Salt diapirs
within the study area preferentially occupy the crest of the Feda
Graben and their occurrence is controlled by the underlying faulted
topography. The diapirs were fed by salt from the central and
southern parts of the basin and were developed by different
processes i.e. upbuilding, downbuilding. Various raft structures
were developed in the graben area hanging wall while some uplift
occurred in the footwall during Mesozoic rifting. The Feda Graben
area experienced rifting from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
The most pronounced subsidence episode related with this rifting in
the Feda Graben area took place along the eastern bounding Gert
Fault. The Mesozoic rifting event is marked by a major
unconformity on the seismic sections throughout the study area. ...
(c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available).
................................................................
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC OCEAN 1,003,187
SOURCE ROCKS IN EASTERN CANADA AND THE
WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC MARGINS
M.G.Fowler and M.Obermajer (Canada Geological Survey).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
18 Petroleum Abstracts
NORTHWEST GERMAN BASIN 1,003,188
SUBSURFACE SEISMIC RECORD OF SALT GLACIERS IN
AN EXTENSIONAL INTRACONTINENTAL SETTING (LATE
TRIASSIC OF NORTHWESTERN GERMANY)
M.Mohr, J.K.Warren, P.A.Kukla, J.L.Urai and A.Irmen (RWE
Dea AG; Sultan Qaboos Univ; Aachen Technical Univ; Gaz de
France). GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.963-966, Nov. 2007. (ISSN
0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
In the Northwest German Basin of central Europe, Late
Triassic interaction of normal faulting and salt diapirism during
regional extension in subsalt basement locally initiated lateral flow
of surface-piercing salt in namakiers (salt glaciers). Using seismic
sections and variance attribute maps derived from high-resolution
3D seismic data, we show that when a syndepositional fault cuts a
near-emergent diapir crest, the caprock carapace was breached,
opening a pathway for salt extrusion. The fault escarpment and the
adjacent fault-induced depression allowed focused gravity-driven
downward flow of salt across the land surface (a namakier) and its
subsequent preservation and encasement in continental (arid
redbed) sediments. Geodynamically there is an apparent distinction
between the compressional setting of modern namakiers in the arid
deserts of Iran and the fault-intersected extensional setting of
stacked Keuper namakiers. Stacked namakiers preserved in
thicknesses that are seismically resolvable are interpreted to
indicate hyperarid conditions in Keuper time. The climate was
typical of the highly continental Late Triassic Pangaean
supercontinent as it rifted and sagged to form the incipient Atlantic
Ocean.
................................................................
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 1,003,189
LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC CAP CARBONATES,
MACKENZIE MOUNTAINS, NW. CANADA: PRECIPITATION
AND GLOBAL GLACIAL MELTDOWN
N.P.James, G.M.Narbonne and T.K.Kyser (Queen’s Univ,
Kingston). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SS12; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 1,003,190
SEDIMENTOLOGY OF CA 1.83 GA ALLUVIAL FAN,
BRAIDED STREAM, AND LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS OF THE
BAKER LAKE GROUP, BAKER LAKE BASIN, NUNAVUT
T.Hadlari and R.H.Rainbird (Carleton Univ; Canada Geological
Survey). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session GS8; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORWAY 1,003,191
THE ORMEN LANGE CHALLENGE
T.A.Tangen and J.A.Tyssekvam (Norsk Hydro ASA). ANNUAL
GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORWAY 1,003,192
A SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SUBSURFACE
SYNTHETIC PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION OF THE
JURASSIC SOGNEFJORD FORMATION IN THE TROLL
FIELD, OFFSHORE NORWAY
E.A.Albrechtsons and S.Rodgers (Petro-Canada; Schlumberger
GeoQuest). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
July 25, 2009

NORWAY
CLAY MINERAL DIAGENESIS AND
CEMENTATION IN MUDSTONES: THE EFFECTS OF
SMECTITE TO ILLITE REACTION ON ROCK PROPERTIES
C.Peltonen, O.Marcussen, K.Bjorlykke and J.Jahren (Oslo
Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.887-898, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary sequence of the Voring
and More Basins from the Norwegian Sea has been examined with
respect to mineralogy based on 319 cutting samples from five wells.
A clear relationship between mineralogy and well log data is
demonstrated. A significant change with respect to velocity,
porosity and density occurs within the depth interval corresponding
to 80-90°C. At shallow depths/temperatures (< 2.0 km/70°C),
compaction is mainly mechanical and the physical properties are
similar to what has been measured by experimental compaction of
mudstones. At greater depths, however, the log derived velocities
and densities are higher than those produced by experimental
compaction indicating significant chemical compaction. XRD
analyses show a progressive alteration of smectite to illite (S-I)
within this depth/temperature interval which results in the release
of significant amounts of silica into solution. Detrital silt and fine-
grained quartz showed no secondary quartz overgrowths. These
grains are isolated within a clay matrix and surrounded by clay
minerals, thus limiting the available surface area and pore space
for quartz overgrowths. Chemical analyses (XRF) indicate that
silica is conserved within this depth interval, and the amount
released from S-I alteration was locally precipitated. ... (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NOVA SCOTIAN SHELF
COHASSET, PANUKE AND BALMORAL OILFIELDS,
OFFSHORE NOVA SCOTIA: CANADA’S FIRST OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION
J.R.Hogg and I.D.Delong (PanCanadian Petroleum Ltd; Petro-
Canada Inc). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
OMAN
EYE-TO-EYE WITH A MEGA-SHEATH FOLD: A CASE
STUDY FROM WADI MAYH, NORTHERN
MOUNTAINS
M.P.Searle and G.I.Alsop (Oxford Univ; St Andrews Univ).
GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.1043-1046, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0091-7613;
Over 10 refs)
Sheath folds are highly curvilinear folds, typically considered to
develop by hinge rotation toward the transport direction during
intense deformation. We present evidence for a mega-scale sheath
fold superbly exposed in the northern Oman Mountains. The Saih
Hatat culmination consists of an exhumed high-pressure
subduction zone with deep-level eclogites and garnet blueschists
(As Sifah unit), epidote blueschists (Hulw unit) and carpholite-
bearing metasediments. Sheath folds are present at a variety of
scales throughout the As Sifah, Hulw, and Upper plate tectonic
packages. Curvilinear fold hinges along a 15-km-long profile outline
the Wadi Mayh mega-sheath fold, which closes to the SSW and
faces to the NNE. It consists of at least four secondary sheath folds
with cross-sectional (y-z) eye folds measuring 200 m stacked on top
of one another within Permian and Triassic shelf carbonates. These
eye folds display highly elliptical geometries (Ryz > 5) and cat’s-eye
fold patterns consistent with simple/general shear. The sheath fold
is enveloped by Ordovician and older rocks that do not show equal
amounts of internal deformation. The upper bounding envelope is a
detachment that has been subsequently sheath folded. The lower
boundary of the sheath fold is the Upper plate - Lower plate
detachment, which forms a major high-strain shear zone showing
little vertical displacement but significant horizontal displacement.
................................................................
July 25, 2009
GEOLOGY
1,003,193 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY 1,003,196
QUARTZ OCEAN STRATIFICATION AND METAZOAN EVOLUTION
G.A.Shields (Ottawa-Carleton Geosci Ctr). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; 2 refs; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
PANGAEA 1,003,197
GEOGRAPHIC RANGE AND GENUS LONGEVITY OF LATE
PALEOZOIC BRACHIOPODS
M.G.Powell (Juniata Coll). PALEOBIOLOGY v.33, no.4,
pp.530-546, Fall 2007. (ISSN 0094-8373; Over 10 refs)
Geographic range size is one of the few traits that promoted
survivorship during both mass and background extinctions, but the
exact reason (or reasons) why a large geographic range confers
extinction resistance remains unclear. Proposed explanations have
focused on the roles of dispersal ability, climate tolerance, global
abundance, and widespread ranges in predicting taxon longevities.
This study uses biogeographic data for late Paleozoic brachiopod
genera to test the relative contribution of these traits to genus
longevities, using simple but accurate proxy measurements. The
results demonstrate a strong positive relationship between genus
longevity and geographic range size, which is robust to several
potential errors. Further, latitudinal range, which predominantly
reflects climate tolerance, was no more important than longitudinal
range, which predominantly reflects dispersal ability, in predicting
genus longevities. Rather, longevities were an outcome of the total
number of occurrences, which estimates global abundance, and the
1,003,194 advantages of widespread distribution, regardless of which
particular traits were responsible for generating the total
geographic range. The advantages of a large geographic range were
apparent during both background and mass extinctions of late
Paleozoic time. Although not statistically significant, there was a
tendency for the greatest selectivity to occur in intervals with the
lowest extinction rates.
................................................................
PENNSYLVANIA 1,003,198
THE MAKING OF A HIGH-POROSITY, HIGH-
PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR - THE MURRYSVILLE
1,003,195 SANDSTONE OF PENNSYLVANIA
R.Smosna and M.L.Sager (West Virginia Univ; Dominion Explor
& Prod Inc). NORTHEASTERN GEOLOGY AND
OMAN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES v.30, no.2, pp.87-100, June 2008.
(ISSN 0194-1453; Over 10 refs)
Reservoir characteristics of the Upper Devonian Murrysville
Sandstone in southwestern Pennsylvania are outstanding: porosity
exceeds 20% and permeability approaches 1000 md. The porosity is
very good for a number of reasons. (1) Delta-plain sands were
moderately sorted and well washed, thus, original porosity was
high. (2) Currents also destroyed many mechanically unstable lithic
grains, and the resulting sediment became quartz-rich.
Consequently, during shallow burial, the sandstone suffered just a
moderate degree of compaction and porosity loss. (3) The mixing of
river water and sea water in the deltaic environment allowed iron
mineralization to take place during deposition and early diagenesis,
creating thin chlorite coatings on the detrital grains. Access of fresh
water to the Murrysville, however, soon ended because of an
ensuing transgression. Nevertheless, chlorite coatings proved
effective in preserving much of the remaining porosity in that they
inhibited the precipitation of destructive quartz overgrowths. (4)
Leaching of chemically unstable lithic grains and feldspars in the
deep subsurface generated additional porosity. (5) Porosity
reduction by late-stage calcite cement was volumetrically
unimportant. Permeability in the Murrysville Sandstone is very
good because of the rocks’ very good porosity, coarse grain size, and
the low clay content, both detrital matrix and authigenic chlorite.
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts 19
GEOLOGY
PERSIAN GULF
PALYNOLOGY AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE
KAZHDUMI FORMATION (CRETACEOUS:
CENOMANIAN) IN THE SOUTH PARS FIELD, NORTHERN
PERSIAN GULF
E.Ghasemi-Nejad, M.J.Head and M.Naderi (Tehran Univ; Brock
Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.805-816, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The Kazhdumi Formation of the Bangestan Group is a well-
known source rock that has produced abundant oil in most
petroleum fields in the Zagros Basin, which stretches from
northwest to southwest Iran over hundreds of kilometres. The
formation reaches a thickness of 230 m at the type section in
northwest Zagros but thins out to 40-50 m in wells studied from the
South Pars giant petroleum field, where it comprises mainly grey
shales with occasional intercalations of marls and sandstones.
South Pars, best known as the Iranian part of the world’s largest
non-associated gas field, contains small quantities of oil above and
below the Kazhdumi Formation. Palynology has been used to assess
the age and palaeoenvironment of the Kazhdumi Formation and to
evaluate its petroleum potential. A total of 68 ditch cutting samples
recovered from five wells, of which four are oil-prone, have been
analyzed. An age between late Albian and Cenomanian is
established for the formation based on dinoflagellate cyst
biostratigraphy, and four palynofacies types have been recognized
using the relative proportions of terrestrial elements, marine
palynomorphs and amorphous organic matter (AOM). The ratio of
terrestrial to marine elements is high in most samples, indicating a
nearshore sedimentary environment. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
PHILIPPINES
SMALLEST PHILIPPINE BLOCK HAS SHALLOW GAS,
DEEP REEF POTENTIAL
J.Hale and E.F.Durkee (E F Durkee & Assocs Inc). OIL & GAS
JOURNAL v.107, no.20, pp.36-38,40, 5/25/2009. (ISSN 0030-1388)
Record attendance levels experienced at the April 20-24
Southeast Asia Petroleum Exploration farmout forum in Singapore
signal an undiminished level of interest in regional exploration
prospects. The SEAPEX showing surprised many organizers and
attendees in view of the world economic slump and the price of oil.
Some 650 attended against the 550 expected. This bodes well for
2009-2012 exploration in Southeast Asia. World class
presentations, posters, and papers demonstrated the vast potential
of the some 10 million plus sq km of onshore and offshore areas in
the region. The object of this article is not to dwell on the
significance of the vast exploration licences and plays that can be
enjoyed by majors and independent consortia in Southeast Asia.
Rather, we have taken one of the smallest licenses in the region, SC
52 covering 960 sq km in northeast Luzon, Philippines, to
demonstrate what can be done with careful research of existing
data.
................................................................
PISTON CORER
WHOI LONG CORE SYSTEM INSTALLED ON THE RV
KNORR
K.FitzGerald and J.Broda (The Glosten Associates; Woods Hole
Oceanogr Inst). SEA TECHNOLOGY v.49, no.7, pp.15-18, July
2008. (ISSN 0093-3651; 3 refs)
Marine sediments can provide a high-resolution record of
environmental change over geologic time. The key to recovering
accurate sediment records is to maintain the dimensional accuracy
of the sediment layers in the recovered core sample. Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has developed a 46-meter piston
corer to recover long, undisturbed core samples from full ocean
depths. The size of the deck gear to handle the coring device,
release assembly and coring line required extensive shipyard
modifications to the 83-meter RV Knorr. The scale of these
modifications required a vessel incline stability test, modifications
to the ship’s trim and stability book and extensive participation by
the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and American Bureau of Shipping to
maintain the Knorr’s class approval. The rope strength in the
20
1,003,199 system required a variance from the standard USCG deck gear
requirements.
................................................................
ALBIAN-
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA 1,003,202
ITERATIVE EVOLUTION OF DIGITATE PLANKTONIC
FORAMINIFERA
H.K.Coxall, P.A.Wilson, P.N.Pearson and P.E.Sexton (Cardiff
Univ; Scripps Inst Oceanogr; Southampton Oceanogr Ctr).
PALEOBIOLOGY v.33, no.4, pp.495-516, Fall 2007. (ISSN
0094-8373; Over 10 refs)
Digitate shell morphologies have evolved repeatedly in
planktonic foraminifera throughout the Cretaceous and Cenozoic.
Digitate species are usually rare in fossil and modern assemblages
but show increased abundance and diversity at times during the
Cretaceous and middle Eocene. In this paper we discuss the
morphology and stratigraphic distribution of digitate planktonic
foraminifera and establish the isotopic depth ecology of fossils to
draw parallels with modern counterparts. δ18O and δ13C values of
six extinct and two modern digitate species, from six time slices
(Cenomanian, Turonian, Eocene, Miocene, Pleistocene and
Holocene) have similar isotopic depth ecologies, consistently
registering the most negative δ13C and usually the most positive
δ18O compared to coexisting species. These results indicate a
similar deep, subthermocline (> 150 m) habitat, characterized by
lower temperatures, reduced oxygen, and enrichment of dissolved
inorganic carbon. This is consistent with water-column plankton
studies that provide insight into the depth preferences of the three
modern digitate species. In over 70% of observations digitates
occurred in nets below 150 m, and down to 2,000 m. The correlation
between digitate species and subsurface habitats across multiple
epochs suggests that elongated chambers were advantageous for
1,003,200 survival in a deep mesopelagic habitat, where food is usually
scarce.
................................................................
POLAND 1,003,203
ICHNOLOGICAL RECORD OF DEEP-SEA
PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AROUND THE
OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT 2 (CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN
BOUNDARY): AN EXAMPLE FROM THE BARNASIOWKA
SECTION, POLISH OUTER CARPATHIANS
A.Uchman, K.Bak and F.J.Rodriguez-Tovar (Jagiellonian Univ;
Cracow Pedagogical Univ; Granada Univ). PALAEOGEOGRAPHY,
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY, PALAEOECOLOGY v.262, nos.1-2,
pp.61-71, 5/27/2008. (ISSN 0031-0182; Over 10 refs)
Trace fossil assemblages including Planolites, Thalassinoides,
Palaeophycus, Taenidium, Chondrites and Trichichnus have been
determined in the Upper Cenomanian turbiditic deep-water
succession, corresponding to the pre-OAE-2 interval in the
Barnasiowka-Ostra Gora section, the Skole Nappe, Polish Outer
Carpathians. These assemblages indicate that oxygenation within
sediment fluctuated from oxic to dysoxic zone. The overlying
uppermost Cenomanian organic-rich facies (Bonarelli-equivalent
horizon), corresponding to the main interval of the OAE-2 contains
1,003,201 black shale layers, devoid of trace fossils representing anoxic
(euxinic) events, and green shales that include Chondrites,
Planolites and Thalassinoides, recording dysoxic intervals. Three
subintervals (phases) within the OAE-2 sediments have been
distinguished in the Barnasiowka section, based on trace fossil
diversity, ichnofabrics and chemical redox indices. These phases
correspond to intervals with various intensity of sea floor
oxygenation. Ichnofabrics within the OAE-2 succession was also
controlled by consistency of sediment. Post-OAE-2 interval recorded
by the earliest Turonian red and green siliceous-manganiferous
shales and two Fe-Mn layers represent sediments deposited in well
oxygenated conditions under extremely low sedimentation rate.
Most of the shales are parallel-laminated, and they do not include
any benthic microfossils and trace fossils, however some of the red
and green layers display cryptic bioturbation. ... (c2008 Elsevier
B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

POLAND
FROM PEAT BOG TO LIGNITE SEAM: A NEW METHOD TO
CALCULATE THE CONSOLIDATION COEFFICIENT OF
LIGNITE SEAMS, WIELKOPOLSKA REGION IN CENTRAL
POLAND
M.Widera, G.Jachna-Filipczuk, R.Kozula and S.Mazurek (Adam
Mickiewicz Univ; ADAMOW JSC; PROXIMA JSC; KONIN JSC).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES v.96, no.5,
pp.947-955, Oct. 2007. (ISSN 1437-3254; Over 10 refs)
Only one quantitative method is described in the literature to
estimate the consolidation coefficient of lignite seams. More studies
concentrate on the compaction of plant tissues, which explains why
the obtained results are overestimated. Moreover, most studies do
not commonly determine the consolidation of the whole peat bog
but usually those of some of its elements only. We propose a new
approach, which conceptually is fairly close to the Hager et al.
(Fortschr Geol Rheinld Westf 29:319-352, 1981) method. Our
method has been tested on an example of the first Middle-Polish
lignite seam and the second Lusatian lignite seam from some
Wielkopolska lignite deposits in central Poland. The consolidation
coefficients, Cc, range between 2.34 and 2.56 for the second
Lusatian lignite seam and between 1.80 and 2.14 for the first
Middle-Polish lignite seam.
................................................................
PORTUGAL
CONTROLLING FACTORS ON CLAY
ASSEMBLAGES: INSIGHTS FROM FACIES ANALYSIS OF
PLIOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE COASTAL
DEPOSITS, WESTERN PORTUGAL
P.Dinis and A.F.Soares (Coimbra Univ). GEOLOGICA ACTA
v.5, no.2, pp.177-192, 2007. (ISSN 1695-6133; Over 10 refs)
The clay fractions in the Pliocene to Pleistocene coastal margin
record are usually dominated by kaolinite and illite, with lesser
amounts of vermiculite, 10-14 mixed layer clays and smectite. The
high clay mineral crystallinity, the mineralogical relations to facies
and depositional setting and some horizontal variations along
coeval deposits suggest that clay assemblages are mainly detrital.
Illite is more important in inner shelf deposits and particularly in
alluvial deposits from eastern locations. The high illite content in
eastern alluvial deposits is explained by the input from the
neighbouring Iberian Variscan Massif that is rich in mica. The high
kaolinite content in prograding sand and gravel coastal plain is
partially explained by the availability of this mineral in the
drainage areas. Given the arkosic nature of some of these deposits,
post-depositional feldspars weathering would also contribute to an
increase in kaolinite content. Vermiculite is particularly important
close to the surface and to unconformities, in horizons influenced by
pedogenetic processes that have more aluminous illite with
relatively low crystallinity. In organic rich mud sediments, low pH
conditions favour post-depositional transformation of illite to
vermiculite and mixed layer clays.
................................................................
PYRENEES MT AREA
ON THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN UNCONFORMITY IN THE
PYRENEES: NEW EVIDENCE FROM THE LA CERDANYA
AREA
J.M.Casas and O.Fernandez (Barcelona Univ; Midland Valley
Exploration). GEOLOGICA ACTA v.5, no.2, pp.193-198, 2007.
(ISSN 1695-6133; Over 10 refs)
In recent years, contradictory reports have been made about
whether or not an unconformity exists at the base of the Upper
Ordovician succession of the Pyrenees. In the La Cerdanya area
(Central Pyrenees), good outcrop evidence for this unconformity is
displayed at the base of the Rabassa conglomerates. In this area,
the Upper Ordovician rocks overlie a tilted Cambro-Ordovician
sequence, displaying an angular unconformity and indicating a
break in the stratigraphic series. Moreover, the existence of such an
unconformity is supported by the distribution of Variscan minor
structures, suggesting that the Cambro-Ordovician and the Upper
Ordovician strata initially had different orientations before the
main Variscan folding.
................................................................
July 25, 2009
GEOLOGY
1,003,204 QUEBEC 1,003,207
THE HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE SILURIAN-
DEVONIAN GASPE BELT IN QUEBEC: CURRENT
KNOWLEDGE ON SOURCE ROCKS, RESERVOIRS AND
TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC HISTORY
D.Lavoie, R.Bertrand, P.A.Bourque, G.Chi, P.Dansereau,
M.Fowler, D.Kirkwood, M.Malo, K.Rogers et al. (Canada Geological
Survey). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SY1; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
QUEBEC 1,003,208
ANTICOSTI, ESTUARY AND GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE,
QUEBEC: A PETROLEUM REGION TO BE DISCOVERED
C.Morin (Quebec Ministry Nat Rsces). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SY1; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
QUEBEC 1,003,209
1,003,205
GEOMETRY AND ORIGIN OF SUPRACRUSTAL FAULTS OF
MINERAL
THE CHARLEVOIX AREA, QUEBEC
Y.Lemieux, A.Tremblay and D.Lavoie (Natural Resources
MARGIN
Canada; INRS-Georessources; Canada Geological Survey).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS16;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
QUEBEC 1,003,210
THE LOWER PALEOZOIC PASSIVE MARGIN IN THE
QUEBEC REENTRANT: A NOT SO PASSIVE MARGIN
AFTER ALL
D.Lavoie, O.Salad Hersi, P.A.Bourque, C.Morin and C.Samson
(Canada Geological Survey; INRS-Georessources; Laval Univ;
Quebec Ministry Nat Rsces). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT
MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS16; Available at
http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
RADIOGRAPHY 1,003,211
X-RADIOGRAPHIC COMPUTED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY OF
NEOPROTEROZOIC FOSSILS
J.W.Hagadorn and K.H.Nealson (California Inst Technol).
1,003,206 ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
ROCK DEFORMATION 1,003,212
TENSOR3D: A COMPUTER GRAPHICS PROGRAM TO
SIMULATE 3D REAL-TIME DEFORMATION AND
VISUALIZATION OF GEOMETRIC BODIES
L.P.Lavorante and H.D.Ebert (Petroleo Brasileiro SA; Paulista
State Univ). COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES v.34, no.7,
pp.738-753, July 2008. (ISSN 0098-3004; Over 10 refs)
Tensor3D is a geometric modeling program with the capacity to
simulate and visualize in real-time the deformation, specified
through a tensor matrix and applied to triangulated models
representing geological bodies. 3D visualization allows the study of
deformational processes that are traditionally conducted in 2D,
such as simple and pure shears. Besides geometric objects that are
immediately available in the program window, the program can
Petroleum Abstracts 21
GEOLOGY
read other models from disk, thus being able to import objects
created with different open-source or proprietary programs. A
strain ellipsoid and a bounding box are simultaneously shown and
instantly deformed with the main object. The principal axes of
strain are visualized as well to provide graphical information about
the orientation of the tensor’s normal components. The deformed
models can also be saved, retrieved later and deformed again, in
order to study different steps of progressive strain, or to make this
data available to other programs. The shape of stress ellipsoids and
the corresponding Mohr circles defined by any stress tensor can
also be represented. The application was written using the
Visualization ToolKit, a powerful scientific visualization library in
the public domain. ... (c2007 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
ROCK FAILURE 1,003,213
REPRODUCIBILITY OF MICRO-CRACKS AT TENSILE
FAILURE OF ROCK BY MESHLESS METHOD
J.Takekawa, Y.Sanada, Y.Yamada, H.Mikada and Y.Ashida
(Kyoto Univ). BUTSURI-TANSA v.60, no.2, pp.171-182, April 2007.
(ISSN 0912-7984; Over 10 refs; In Japanese)
Element Free Galerkin Method (EFGM) was applied to rock
tests for engineering purposes. EFGM is free from connectivity
between nodes and elements, and it assures high accuracy with a
small number of elements. In the numerical simulation, rock
specimens were considered as a statistical heterogeneous material
having local strength distributions, such as a Weibull-type
distribution. Uniaxial tensile tests and Brazilian tests which
examine tensile strength of the rock specimen were numerically
simulated. In both simulations, microscopic failures were observed
prior to the generation of macroscopic failure plane. In uniaxial
tensile tests, microscopic failures were observed all over the
specimen when stresses were enough lower than the failure
strengths of the specimens. On the other hand, in Brazilian tests,
microscopic failures were observed only around the center of the
specimen and formed an elongated ellipse with its major axis
parallel to the loading direction. In both simulations, these
microscopic failure planes localize the specimen with an increase in
the loading stress. Finally macroscopic failure planes were formed
perpendicular and parallel to the loading direction for the uniaxial
tensile tests and Brazilian tests, respectively. The microscopic and
macroscopic failure developing processes in both simulations
correspond to that of laboratory tests. In order to verify whether the
numerical simulation method used in this study reflects statistical
distribution of local strength, the correlativity between output
shape parameters and input shape parameters was examined using
an evaluation technique based on the relationship between AE
counts and loading stress during uniaxial tensile tests. There was
consistent correlation between output shape parameters and input
shape parameters in our simulation results.
................................................................
ROCK STRESS 1,003,214
CASMI - A VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR THE WORLD
STRESS MAP DATABASE
O.Heidbach and J.Hoehne (Karlsruhe Univ; Heidelberg
Academy Science). COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES v.34, no.7,
pp.783-791, July 2008. (ISSN 0098-3004; Over 10 refs)
The World Stress Map (WSM) project has compiled a global
database of quality-ranked data records on the contemporary
tectonic stresses in the Earth’s crust. The WSM 2005 database
release contains approximately 16,000 data records from different
types of stress indicators such as earthquake focal mechanisms
solutions, well bore breakouts, hydraulic fracturing and overcoring
measurements, as well as quaternary fault-slip data and volcanic
alignments. To provide a software tool for database visualization,
analysis and interpretation of stress data as well its integration
with other data records, we developed the program CASMI. This
public domain software tool for Unix-like operating systems enables
the selection of stress data records from the WSM database
according to location, data quality, type of stress indicator, and
depth. Each selected data record is visualized by a symbol that
represents the type of stress indicator and the orientation of the
maximum horizontal compressive stress. Symbol size is
22 Petroleum Abstracts
proportional to the quality of the data record, and the colour
indicates different tectonic regimes. Stress maps can be produced in
different geographical projections and high-quality output formats.
CASMI also allows the integration of user-defined stress data sets
and a wide range of other data such as topography, Harvard
centroid moment tensors, polygons, text data, and plate motion
trajectories. ... (c2007 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
ROCK STRESS 1,003,215
IN-SITU STRESS MEASUREMENT USING BOREHOLE
DATA: A PART OF COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION
K.Yamamoto (Japan Oil Gas & Metal Corp). BUTSURI-TANSA
v.60, no.2, pp.113-129, April 2007. (ISSN 0912-7984; Over 10 refs;
In Japanese)
Measurement of the earth stress arouses interest among
scientists and engineers of various fields, such as earth science, oil
and gas field development, civil engineering, etc. Many different
kinds of measurement techniques have been developed for accurate
measurements of the six components of stress tensor. Among them,
the in-situ measurement methods in borehole are particularly
valuable because the stress is a value of state then it is difficult to
know remotely by geophysical exploration techniques. There are
several methods with different principles, characteristics, and
limitations in two categories of the techniques: downhole testing
and well logging. Hydraulic fracturing is a testing technique along
with the stress relief method. This method is applicable in deep
boreholes, and the measured pressures can give the information on
the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses. However, there
are some recently revealed problems in the interpretation of the
pressures, such as the identification of fracture reopening pressure.
As a well logging technique for stress measurement, wellbore image
analysis for the identification of wellbore breakout and drilling-
induced tensile fracture is commonly used. Also pressure-while-
drilling tools for the monitoring of pressure history of unintended
hydraulic fracturing, and the dispersion of splitting shear wave
velocities by dipole sonic tools, are introduced. The conventional
Eaton’s equation cannot be used directly to determine the
horizontal stress, but can give an idea about the vertical variation
of the stress components. There is no single method that can give
all of the components of stress tensor. The determination of the
stress magnitudes, particularly the maximum horizontal stress
magnitude, requires the combination of the different methods that
can constrain the possible range of each stress magnitude. Since
most of the techniques for stress estimation are not direct
measurement of stress, but indirect evaluation through stress-
induced deformation and strain, understandings of mechanical
characteristics such as elasticity, shear strength, and fracture
occurrence of the formation rock are necessary.
................................................................
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC ASIA 1,003,216
STAGES OF LATE MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC RIFTING IN
SOUTHEASTERN RUSSIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS:
IMPLICATION FOR THE PETROLEUM POTENTIAL
G.L.Kirillova (Russian Academy Sciences). DOKLADY EARTH
SCIENCES v.419, no.2, pp.239-242, Feb.-March 2008. (ISSN
1028-334X; Over 10 refs)
Rifting in eastern Asia was repeatedly active in the zone
extending from Lake Baikal to the Pacific coast during the Late
Mesozoic and Cenozoic. This process was characterized by slightly
different styles within orogenic belts, cratons, and continental
margins. One can define two main (Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic)
rifting stages. The repeated rifting in eastern Asia is now explained
by a combination of deep physicochemical lithospheric processes
and large-scale interaction of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Indian
plates. The formation of the Mesozoic East Asian margin
terminated in the mid-Albian by amalgamation of a system of
terranes, intense magmatism, and development of a complex fold-
thrust structure of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt. The frontal
subduction zone shifted to the east. The extended East Sikhote-Alin
volcanic belt appeared along the continental margin in the Late
Cretaceous. Intense intrusive magmatism was also in progress. All
these processes produced a thick low-density crust that naturally
started to rise and break down, resulting in the formation of
July 25, 2009

Cenozoic rift systems along the differently oriented (older)
weakened zones. At the Cenozoic stage, the formation of faults and
their systems was governed by interaction between the Eurasian
and Indian plates. The northward migration rate of the Indian
Plate increased to 1.8 cm/yr in the terminal Cretaceous-initial
Cenozoic. At this stage, dextral strike-slip faults were dominant
along with pull-apart processes. The NE-extending Tan Lu-Okhotsk
and meridional Hokkaido-Sakhalin strike-slip - pull-apart systems
have the highest petroleum potential.
................................................................
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC ASIA 1,003,217
REFINEMENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE
VERKHNESALAT OIL FIELD (TOMSK DISTRICT) BASED
ON LITHOFACIES INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MIDDLE-
UPPER JURASSIC PRODUCTIVE BED
A.V.Ezhova (Tomsk Polytechnic Univ). DOKLADY EARTH
SCIENCES v.419, no.2, pp.235-238, Feb.-March 2008. (ISSN
1028-334X; 4 refs)
The Verkhnesalat oil field is confined to the Middle Vasyugan
megaswell located in the southeastern part of the West Siberian
Plate. Callovian-Oxfordian rocks of this region are productive.
Based on the complete quantitative analysis of 42 thin sections
(Well 28), the study of capacitance-filtration properties, and electric
and radioactive log data (wells 28, 21, 30, 31, and 33), we have
established the following specific features of the productive
sequence in the Verkhnesalat oil field. (1) The presence of fossil
fauna, as well as glauconite and chlorite inclusions, indicating the
facies affiliation of sandstones from the base of the section to
marine rocks of the lower Vasyugan Subformation has been
substantiated. Identification of coal seam CS2 based on GIS data
allowed us to assign the overlying sandy beds to Horizon J1 and
designate them as J16 and J15 . (2) We have substantiated the
identification of sandy beds-reservoirs J14, J13, and J12
(characterized by core), as well as Bed J11 in the upper part of the
Vasyugan Formation. (3) The elaborated subdivision allows us to
refine and specify the ideas on distribution of productive beds-
reservoirs. This is a very topical issue in the development of oil
fields.
................................................................
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC ASIA 1,003,218
POSITION OF BASALTIC FLOWS IN THE DEVONIAN
SECTION OF THE EASTERN FRAMING OF THE SIBERIAN
PLATFORM
V.V.Baranov (Russian Academy Sciences). DOKLADY EARTH
SCIENCES v.419, no.2, pp.222-225, Feb.-March 2008. (ISSN
1028-334X; 10 refs)
The Devonian section located between the Tompo and
Vostochnaya Khandyga rivers in the eastern framing of the
Siberian Platform (southern Verkhoyansk region, Sette-Daban
Range) hosts four basaltic flows: the Middle Devonian (Givetian),
Frasnian (two flows), and Famennian. Areal eruptions of basaltic
lavas were associated with crustal extension or rifting. All the
Devonian sections enclosing basaltic flows were described with bed-
by-bed sampling of nektonic and benthic faunal fossils along the
Khandyga-Magadan highway on the eastern bank of the
Vostochnaya Khandyga River between the Segennyakh and
Nyukunnya rivers. The complete sedimentary sequence of the
Emsian Stage was first established in the Lower-Middle Devonian
reference section along the Tikhii Creek. The lower half section,
which corresponds to the kitabicus-inversus conodont zones, is
represented by a clayey-carbonate sequence with diverse organic
remains. The upper half of the section is composed of variegated
rocks with basaltic flows, which are united into the Komar
Formation. Its late Emsian age is substantiated by the assemblage
of tabulatomorph corals Favosites goldfussi d’Orbigny,
Crassialveolites pellicularis Dubatolov, and Scoliopora delecta
Alkhovik that occur in coeval sediments (serotinus Zone) of
Northeast Russia. The basalt-bearing sequence characterizes the
terminal stage of the Pridolian-Eifelian megacycle that is
established through all of northeastern Asia.
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC ASIA 1,003,219
DEFORMATION OF THE CHUKCHI MICROCONTINENT:
STRUCTURAL, LITHOLOGIC, AND GEOCHRONOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE
M.I.Tuchkova, G.E.Bondarenko, M.I.Buyakaite, D.I.Golovin,
I.O.Galuskina and E.V.Pokrovskaya (Russian Academy Sciences;
Rusneftegaz; Silesia Univ). GEOTECTONICS v.41, no.5,
pp.403-421, Sept.-Oct. 2007. (ISSN 0016-8521; Over 10 refs)
This paper presents the results of structural, lithologic, and
geochronological (K-Ar, Rb-Sr) studies of the Carnian terrigenous
rocks in the sedimentary cover of the Chukchi microcontinent and
U-Pb dating of detrital zircons. From the lithological features, three
types of sections are recognized. Terrigenous sequences of the first
type were deposited on the outer shelf in the distal zone of the
prograding delta, sequences of the second type accumulated at the
rise of continental slope, and sediments of the third type are
characteristic of the pelagic zone. In mineralogy and geochemistry,
sandstones are rather uniform and inherit the sialic composition of
provenance. The detrital zircons comprise several populations with
predominance of the varieties derived from igneous rocks. The U-Pb
age of the youngest population is 236-255 Ma. The conditions of
postsedimentation alteration reached those of greenschist
metamorphic facies and anchimetamorphism. Several cleavage
systems have been established. Sericite related to the oldest system
is distinguished by elevated Ti, Mn, and Fe components. The first
stage of deformation of the Carnian sedimentary rocks about 200
Ma ago resulted in the rearrangement of K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic
systems in whole-rock samples and minerals and is clearly recorded
in isotopic data. It is suggested that the deformation related to the
normal faulting in Triassic rocks and the emergence of the Lesser
Anyui Block were plausible causes of the first structural
rearrangement.
................................................................
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC EUROPE 1,003,220
FAUNAL SUCCESSION IN THE TERMINAL PROTEROZOIC
OF RUSSIA
M.A.Fedonkin and A.Y.Ivantsov (Russian Academy Sciences).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC EUROPE 1,003,221
EDIACARAN TRACE FOSSILS REINTERPRETED AS
ENOPHYOPHORAN PROTISTS
A.Leguta and A.Seilacher (Russian Academy Sciences; Yale
Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SS12; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC EUROPE 1,003,222
NEW DATA ON THE EARLY ARCHEAN AGE OF
GRANITOIDS IN THE VOLGA-URAL SEGMENT OF THE
EAST EUROPEAN CRATON
E.V.Bibikova, S.V.Bogdanova, A.N.Larionov, A.A.Fedotova,
A.V.Postnikov, L.P.Popova, T.I.Kirnozova and M.M.Fugzan
(Vernadsky Inst Geochem; Lund Univ). DOKLADY EARTH
SCIENCES v.419, no.2, pp.243-247, Feb.-March 2008. (ISSN
1028-334X; Over 10 refs)
The precise dating of the Volga-Ural complexes is an urgent
issue in terms of regional and global correlations, as well as
reconstructions of the structure and evolution of the lithosphere in
Volga-Uralia. More than 6000 wells have been drilled in Volga-
Uralia because of the petroleum potential of this region. Some of
them penetrated the crystalline basement down to a depth of more
than 1-2 km, providing sufficient material for isotopic-
geochronological and geochemical studies. The isotopic-
geochronological study of zircon from tonalite (Well Suleevo 585)
23
GEOLOGY
was performed with the U-Pb isotopic method in the classic variant
and with the SHRIMP II ion microprobe for single grains. The Sm-
Nd isotopic system was investigated as well. Although the model
estimate depends on the accepted 147Sm/144Nd ratio of the crustal
source, the estimate is not deprived of geological implications. As
can be seen from the obtained U-Pb zircon ages, the studied rocks
underwent repeated metamorphism that disturbed both the U-Pb
and the Sm-Nd isotopic systems. We estimate the age of the major
metamorphic event at 2.7 Ga in accordance with the zircon age of
granitic rocks belonging to the Bakaly Complex. Therefore,
assuming that the most important rearrangement of the Sm-Nd
isotopic system occurred 2.7 Ga ago and the 147Sm/144Nd ratio of
the crustal source was equal to the average value for the
continental crust until that time, the two-stage model Nd age of the
studied rocks corresponds to 3.3-3.7 Ga.
................................................................
SASKATCHEWAN 1,003,223
HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE
WEYBURN CO2 PROJECT AREA AND GRADIENT-FREE
INVERSE CONDITIONING OF HETEROGENEOUS
AQUIFER MODELS TO HYDRAULIC HEAD DATA
K.D.Khan (Alberta Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006; DISSERTATION
ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B v.68, no.2, pp.853-B
- 854-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; ISBN 978-0-494-23053-4;
Order no.DANR23053; 238 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
SAUDI ARABIA 1,003,224
PROVENANCE, DIAGENESIS, TECTONIC SETTING AND
GEOCHEMISTRY OF TAWIL SANDSTONE (LOWER
DEVONIAN) IN CENTRAL SAUDI ARABIA
O.A.Al-Harbi and M.M.Khan (King Abdulaziz Sci Technol).
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES v.33, nos.3-4,
pp.278-287, 7/15/2008. (ISSN 1367-9120; Over 10 refs)
The Tawil Sandstone (Lower Devonian) in Central Saudi
Arabia overlies the Sharwara Member of the Tayyarat Formation
(Silurian) and succeeded conformably by the Shaiba Member of the
Jauf Formation. Petrographical data reveal that the Tawil
Sandstone comprises 96% quartz, 3% feldspar, and 1% rock
fragments and all samples are classified as quartz arenites. The
presence of well sorted, altered to fresh feldspar, and discriminate
function analysis suggest that the sediments have been subjected to
substantial reworking resulting in a high level of maturity. Modal
analysis data (Q-F-L) suggest a stable cratonic provenance for the
sediments and accumulation in a passive margin basin is indicated
(binary plot of SiO2 vs K2O/Na2O). Diagenetic features include
dissolution of feldspar and rock fragments, compaction, reduction of
the existing pore space through rearrangements, and rotation and
fragmentation of grains resulting in dissolution of quartz grains
and cementation. (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
SCOTLAND 1,003,225
RECOGNIZING THE KACAK EVENT IN THE DEVONIAN
TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
FOR UNDERSTANDING LAND-SEA INTERACTIONS
J.E.A.Marshall, T.R.Astin, J.F.Brown, E.Mark-Kurik and
J.Lazauskiene (Southampton Oceanogr Ctr; Reading Univ; Tallinn
Univ Technology). DEVONIAN EVENTS AND CORRELATIONS
[GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION
NO.278] pp.133-155, 2007. (ISBN 978-1-86239-222-9; Over 10 refs)
The Kacak Event is a late Eifelian (Mid-Devonian) episode of
marine dysoxia/anoxia with associated extinctions. It has been
widely recognized in the shelf seas that surrounded the Old Red
Sandstone continent. It was contemporary with the lacustrine
Orcadian Basin in Scotland. This basin contains the distinctive
Achanarras lake horizon that contains a rich and diverse fish
fauna. The Achanarras lake was wide and deep and would have
been filled by rainfall from a monsoon system at an insolation
maximum. Faunal elements within the lake are in common with
the Kernave Member in Estonia and this level can be conodont
dated as late Eifelian eiflius or ensensis Zone. Therefore the group
24 Petroleum Abstracts
of lacustrine flooding climatic events that occur at and above the
Achanarras level can be correlated with the marine Kacak Event
(sensu lato) and both can be regarded as having a common climatic
cause and driven by an insolation maximum. A reconstruction of
the Orcadian Basin drainage system and a water balance model
based on the calcium flux within the lake shows that a very
significant volume of water would have been seasonally discharged
to the Rheic Ocean and would have caused an additional
environmental effect.
................................................................
SOUTH AFRICA 1,003,226
SEDIMENT SUPPLY TO THE ORANGE SEDIMENTARY
SYSTEM OVER THE LAST 150 MY: AN EVALUATION FROM
SEDIMENTATION/DENUDATION BALANCE
D.Rouby, S.Bonnet, F.Guillocheau, K.Gallagher, C.Robin,
F.Biancotto, O.Dauteuil and J.Braun (Rennes Univ; Trinity Coll,
Dublin). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.782-794, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The South African plateau is bordered by passive margin
basins preserving the terrigeneous sediment produced during
onshore erosion. As such, these basins potentially provide a record
of the variation in onshore elevation and relief over time. Here we
bring new constraints on the uplift and erosion of the Southern
African plateau over the last 150 Ma from the perspective of the
stratigraphic architecture of these basins. We review published
data to quantify the terrigeneous supply eroded in the drainage
area and preserved in the basins. The novel aspect of our approach
is the integration of the evolution of the whole domain in
sedimentation (i.e. not only the platform) as well as the onshore
eroding region. Along the South African and Namibian Atlantic
margins, we determined the long-term signal of sedimentary supply
(at the 10 Ma scale) from 3D mass balance calculations comparing
sedimentary volumes deduced from offshore isopach maps (with a
particular attention to associated uncertainties) on one hand and
denudation volumes deduced from thermochronology data on the
other. We show that, in this case, the volumes of denudation and of
sediments preserved in the basin are consistent both in total and
incremental amount. The latter is therefore a reliable estimation of
the denudation in the associated continental domain subject to
certain assumptions such as the drainage area over time. ... (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN 1,003,227
PLEISTOCENE EXTINCTIONS OF DEEP-SEA BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA: THE SOUTH ATLANTIC RECORD
T.A.O’Neill, B.W.Hayward, S.Kawagata, A.T.Sabaa and
H.R.Grenfell (Massey Univ; Geomarine Research; Yokohama
National Univ). PALAEONTOLOGY v.50, pt.5, pp.1073-1102, Sept.
2007. (ISSN 0031-0239; Over 10 refs)
Sixty-two species and 19 genera of elongate, cylindrical benthic
foraminifera disappeared from the deep-sea in the south-east
Atlantic (ODP Sites 1082 and 1083) and the Atlantic sector of the
Southern Ocean (ODP Site 1088) during the Early and Middle
Pleistocene as part of the global extinction of the families
Pleurostomellidae, Stilostomellidae and portions of the
Nodosariidae. During the mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition
(1.2-0.6 Ma) in the Southern Ocean, these extinct taxa exhibited
three pulses of glacial decline in abundance and diversity separated
by partial interglacial recoveries. Beneath the high-productivity
Benguela Current upwelling region (Sites 1082, 1083), glacial
declines in the extinct taxa were suppressed by favourable high
organic-carbon flux and consequent low-oxygen bottom conditions.
Here two major pulses of diversity loss occurred at ca 1.3-1.2 Ma
and 1.0-0.7 Ma. At all three locations, the most dramatic decline in
abundance and diversity occurred ca 0.85-0.80 Ma (marine isotope
stage 20), and the final disappearance of Extinction Group taxa was
completed by 0.67 Ma beneath the Benguela Current and 0.60 Ma
in the Southern Ocean. We speculate that this period of enhanced
global extinctions was linked to a pulsed decline in glacial
temperatures and/or increase in ventilation of deep and
intermediate water masses, associated with polar ice cap growth
since the late Pliocene.
................................................................
July 25, 2009

SOUTHEASTERN US
CHARACTERIZATION OF PALEOZOIC TERRANES AND
TERRANE ACCRETION AT THE SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN
OF LAURENTIA: GEORGIA AND
APPALACHIANS
C.S.Holm-Denoma (Florida State Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.845-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3252189; 139 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
SPAIN
MANTLE DETACHMENT FAULTS AND THE BREAKUP OF
COLD CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE
R.F.Weinberg, K.Regenauer-Lieb and G.Rosenbaum (Monash
Univ; Western Australia Univ; Queensland Univ). GEOLOGY v.35,
no.11, pp.1035-1038, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
We use a novel numerical approach that fully couples the
energy, momentum, and continuum equations to investigate the
physics of extension and breakup of cold continental lithosphere to
form new ocean basins. Unlike hot continental systems, where flat-
lying detachment faults are nucleated in the strong part of the
upper crust, cold continental systems have flat-lying detachment
faults nucleating in the strong upper mantle at a relatively early
stage. These detachment faults subsequently control the
development of a mantle core complex and associated crustal
structures. The observed structures are analogous to those
developed in mid-crustal core complexes during extension of
relatively thick and hot continental crust. In the cold environment,
however, a strong elastic layer is developed within the mantle,
shifting the stress-bearing part of the system to below the Moho.
Our modeling results reproduce key tectonic elements of a natural
system (the Iberia margin, offshore the Iberian Peninsula) by
stretching a randomly perturbed, unpatterned lithosphere. Results
also explain the upper plate paradox by doming of continental
lithospheric mantle separated from the crust by two diffuse
detachment zones dipping toward the two future continental
margins. Doming is facilitated by channel flow of the lower crust.
................................................................
SPAIN
A NEW PARASTRIATOPORA SPECIES (ANTHOZOA,
TABULATA) FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN OF COLLE
(SPAIN, CANTABRIAN MOUNTAINS)
A.May (St Louis Univ). BULLETIN OF GEOSCIENCES v.80,
no.4, pp.287-290, 2005. (ISSN 1802-8225; Over 10 refs)
The paleontological collection of the Museo Geominero (Madrid)
houses a new species of the tabulate coral Parastriatopora. It comes
from the Lower Devonian of Colle (Prov. Leon) and probably
originates from one of the biostromal levels in the upper part of the
Valporquero Formation and the lower part of the Coladilla
Formation (Upper Emsian). The new species, described under open
nomenclature as Parastriatopora sp., is characterized primarily by
its very large corallites and calices: the 5 to 7-cornered calices are
3.5-6.9 mm in diameter (mostly 5.5-6.0 mm). Furthermore, it shows
very interesting paleobiogeographical relationships, because the
morphologically closest related species is Parastriatopora gigantea
(Knod 1908) from the Lower Devonian of Bolivia. Parastriatopora
sp. could be an example of a close relationship between the
Cantabrian Mountains and America during the Emsian.
................................................................
SPAIN
NEOSELACHIANS FROM THE UPPER CAMPANIAN AND
LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) OF THE
SOUTHERN PYRENEES, NORTHERN SPAIN
J.Kriwet, R.Soler-Gijon and N.Lopez-Martinez (Humboldt Univ;
Madrid Complutense Univ). PALAEONTOLOGY v.50, pt.5,
pp.1051-1071, Sept. 2007. (ISSN 0031-0239; Over 10 refs)
Bulk sampling of upper Campanian to lower-middle
Maastrichtian coastal and lagoonal deposits in five sections of the
Tremp Formation in the south-central Pyrenees yielded numerous
July 25, 2009
GEOLOGY
1,003,228 neoselachian teeth. The fauna comprises nine taxa of which three
species and one genus are new: Hemiscyllium sp., Lamniformes
indet., Paratrygonorrhina amblysoda gen. et sp. nov., Coupatezia
trempina sp. nov., Coupatezia sp., Coupatezia? sp., Rhombodus
ALABAMA ibericus sp. nov. and Igdabatis indicus. The neoselachian fauna is
dominated by small nectobenthic rays. This composition resembles
assemblages known from the marine Upper Cretaceous, but differs
from nearby localities of the Basque-Cantabrian region and
continental selachian associations of the French Pyrenees. The
results indicate that Rhombodus might not be a reliable
biostratigraphic marker for the Maastrichtian. The faunal
composition suggests a shallow trans-Tethyan connection between
Eurasia and India at the end of the Cretaceous Period.
1,003,229
................................................................
SPAIN 1,003,232
STRATIGRAPHY, PETROGRAPHY AND DISPERSION OF
THE LOWER PERMIAN SYN-ERUPTIVE DEPOSITS IN THE
VIAR BASIN, SPAIN
S.Sierra, C.Moreno and E.Pascual (Huelva Univ).
SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY v.217, nos.1-4, pp.1-29, 5/15/2009.
(ISSN 0037-0738; Over 10 refs)
This paper presents a stratigraphic, petrographic and
sedimentologic analysis of felsic syn-eruptive deposits of the
southernmost Permian basin in Europe (Viar Basin), an inner-
orogenic, transtensional half-graben located between two major
geotectonic zones of the Iberian Variscan Belt, SW Spain. The syn-
eruptive deposits of the Viar Basin represent a mappable
lithostratigraphic unit, that is herein named the Los Canchales
Formation. This unit forms a wedge-shaped body bounded by
alluvial-fluvial deposits (red layers) that are in gradational contact.
The stratigraphic architecture of the Los Canchales Formation is
complex with frequent facies changes and interfingering among
pyroclastic rocks, resedimented-volcaniclastic rocks and
sedimentary rocks. Abundant fossil flora is also recorded. A wax-
wane cycle of volcanic activity is recognized during the syn-eruptive
period. Two short-lived volcanic episodes were recorded including
ignimbrites and a possible phreatomagmatic event. Explosive
volcanism generated pyroclastic flow, surge and ash-fall deposits, in
cases collapsing the drainage network. They also modified the
vegetation and created a new depositional setting with four
successive sedimentary environments: vegetated floodplain,
1,003,230
ephemeral sandy braidplain, palustrine environment and again
vegetated floodplain. Input of pyroclasts followed a NW to SE
longitudinal-axial dispersal pattern. (c2009 Elsevier B.V.)
................................................................
SPAIN 1,003,233
ONSHORE-OFFSHORE CORRELATION OF THE
LLOBREGAT DELTAIC SYSTEM, SPAIN: DEVELOPMENT
OF DELTAIC GEOMETRIES UNDER DIFFERENT
RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL AND GROWTH FAULT
INFLUENCES
D.Gamez, J.A.Simo, F.J.Lobo, A.Barnolas, J.Carrera and
E.Vazquez-Sune (Catalonia Technical Univ; Consejo Super Invest
Cient). SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY v.217, nos.1-4, pp.65-84,
5/15/2009. (ISSN 0037-0738; Over 10 refs)
Groundwater resources in deltaic aquifers are essential in the
Mediterranean region to sustain the socio-economic development of
coastal communities and shallow-water ecosystems. Understanding
the geological connection between coastal aquifers and the offshore
sedimentary record is important to better predict consequences in
terms of water management. In spite of this, most approaches to
Postglacial and Pleistocene deltaic sedimentation focus either on
1,003,231
the offshore or the delta plain; few studies correlate and integrate
the entire system. In the Llobregat delta (south of Barcelona,
Spain), onshore-offshore correlation is achieved by integrating data
from sediment cores acquired on the deltaic plain with seismic
profiles from offshore. Data integration enables the reconstruction
of the entire deltaic system, providing a more well-defined picture
and a better understanding of the onshore-offshore stratigraphic
framework in a Late Quaternary, tectonically active narrow shelf in
the western Mediterranean Basin. The late Quaternary record in
the Llobregat delta shows an unusual well preserved transgressive-
regressive cyclic stacking pattern, which displays peculiarities
Petroleum Abstracts 25
GEOLOGY
compared with most Mediterranean Quaternary deltaic shelves
given that the transgressive and highstand intervals appear to be
significantly preserved both onshore and offshore. The preservation
of these deposits is attributed to the high subsidence rate on the
continental margin controlled by Quaternary faults and the
structure of the basement, and by sediment supply fluctuations. ...
(c2009 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
SUBMARINE VOLCANISM 1,003,234
CONSTRUCTING THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE
VOLCANIC LAYER FROM ODP BOREHOLES: A CORE-LOG
APPROACH
T.S.Brewer, P.K.Harvey, S.R.Barr, S.L.Haggas and H.Delius
(Leicester Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St.
John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2001. (Session SS5; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
THRUST FAULTING 1,003,235
DEFORMATION AT THE LEADING EDGE OF THRUST
FAULTS
W.J.Huang (Purdue Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006; DISSERTATION
ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B v.68, no.2, pp.845-B
- 846-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order no.DA3251630; 435 pp;
Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
TRANSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT 1,003,236
COUPLED FLUVIAL AND SHORELINE DYNAMICS:
EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY
W.Kim (Minn Univ, Minneapolis). Ph.D. thesis, 2007;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.846-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3250156; 153 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
TURKEY 1,003,237
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE
MIDDLE MIOCENE PLAYA LAKE EVAPORITES IN THE
GURUN BASIN (SOUTH OF SIVAS), CENTRAL ANATOLIA,
TURKEY
M.Onal, C.Helvaci, E.Tekin and T.Ayyildiz (Inonu Univ; Dokuz
Eylul Univ; Ankara Univ). CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES
v.23, no.1, pp.11-20, June 2008. (ISSN 0891-2556; Over 10 refs)
The Gurun basin is a half graben filled by alluvial, fluvial and
playa-lake deposits of the Gurun Formation accumulated under the
N-S direction extensional tectonic regime and volcanic rocks. The
Gurun Formation is divided into 4 members--the Kavak, Gokpinar,
Cayboyu and Terzioglu members--and the Cayboyu Member has 2
different evaporitic occurrences, i.e., selenitic and satin spar.
During the first phase of evaporite deposition, selenitic gypsum
crystals in 5- to 15-cm-thick layer within the dolomitic mudstones
were formed. The second evaporitic phase consists of 4 different
levels of cavity filling within the sandstones and shale alternation
at the upper part of sequence originated as 5- to 10-cm-sized satin-
spar gypsum crystals with white colored, partly orientated, fibrous-
radial shaped. XRF major, minor and some rare elements analyses
(La, Ce, Ta, W and U) and low 87Sr/86Sr (per mill) and δ34S (CDT)
values indicate that meteoric and volcanic solution occasionally
mixed with the lake water. In addition, low δ18O (SMOW) values in
the continental evaporite could be interpreted as mixing of fresh
water with the playa lake environment. Selenitic gypsum in the
Cayboyu Member of the Gurun Formation was precipitated from
ground water - brine water rich in humic acid during periodic
desiccations in the shore-lake plain.
................................................................
26 Petroleum Abstracts
TURKEY 1,003,238
A RARE NATURAL GYPSUM OOIDE (GYPSOLITES) IN AN
EVAPORITIC PLAYA LAKE OF LATE MIOCENE (?) TO
PLIOCENE AGE IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY
E.Tekin, B.Varol and T.Ayyildiz (Ankara Univ). CARBONATES
AND EVAPORITES v.23, no.1, pp.50-59, June 2008. (ISSN
0891-2556; Over 10 refs)
Gypsolites are found in the western part of Polatli town, Polatli-
Sivrihisar basin, about 90 km from Ankara, Turkey. Gypsolites are
observed in a transition zone between a siliciclastic marginal lake
and an evaporitic inner lake. The ooide-bearing strata have a small
to moderate thickness (10 to 50 cm), are laterally restricted, and
partially exhibit a sandy appearance, including various amounts of
volcanoclastic grain and mud pellets. They sometimes show micro-
gradations, parallel or cross-laminations and rippled surfaces, in
which macroscopically there are evidences of biogenic activity such
as fossil tracks and burrows, but microbial activity is intensively
present within the gypsum cortex, yielding micro-moldic porosity.
Gypsolites fabrics suggest either (1) they occur under bacterial
activity in local salines or short-lived ponds that occupied the low-
energy part of the lake or (2) weak currents or wind activity exert a
significant influence on the gypsolites fabric. Some traces of
microbial mats within the cortex and micro-gradations, parallel or
cross-laminations indicate that the concomitance of bacterial
activity and inorganic processes contributed to the construction of
gypsum ooide structures in the Neogene evaporitic lake
environment.
................................................................
UNITED KINGDOM 1,003,239
A FIELD GUIDE TO THE SILURIAN ECHINODERMATA OF
THE BRITISH ISLES: PT.2: CRINOIDEA, MINOR GROUPS
AND DISCUSSION
S.K.Donovan, D.N.Lewis, P.Crabb and R.E.Widdison (Neth Nat
Mus Natural Hist; Natural History Mus London). PROCEEDINGS
OF THE YORKSHIRE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY v.57, pt.1,
pp.29-60, May 2008. (ISSN 0044-0604; Over 10 refs)
Crinoids are the most common and diverse group of
echinoderms in the Silurian of the British Isles. This guide
describes examples of all nominal crinoid groups recognized from
this interval and region (48 genera, about 100 species). In contrast,
coronate, edrioasteroid, mitrate and cyclocystoid echinoderms are
rare; the first three higher taxonomic groups being represented by a
single species each, and the last by two species. Of 145 species of
echinoderms in the Silurian of the British Isles, 74 are known from
the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation of Wenlock age at Dudley
in the West Midlands. For comparison, the most diverse faunas
from the Llandovery Series (North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills,
Scotland) and Ludlow Series (Lower Leintwardine Formation,
Leintwardine, Herefordshire) consist of only 16 and 17 species,
respectively. If the echinoderm-rich succession at Dudley was
unknown, the three older series of the Silurian--the Llandovery,
Wenlock and Ludlow--would each include about 30 known species of
echinoderm. It is the extreme diversity of the Much Wenlock
Limestone Formation at Dudley that makes the echinoderm
diversities of the Llandovery and Ludlow appear depauperate.
................................................................
VANCOUVER ISLAND AREA 1,003,240
THE NEPTUNE CANADA REGIONAL CABLED OCEAN
OBSERVATORY
C.R.Barnes, M.M.R.Best and A.Zielinski (Victoria Univ, BC).
SEA TECHNOLOGY v.49, no.7, pp.10-14, July 2008. (ISSN
0093-3651)
The North-East Pacific Time-Series Undersea Networked
Experiments (NEPTUNE) Canada will be the world’s first multi-
node regional cabled ocean observatory. This innovative network of
five subsea observatories will be linked by 800 kilometers of
powered electro-optic cable across the northern Juan de Fuca
tectonic plate. By about 2014, the U.S. portion will be installed, also
comprising five observatory nodes, so that both networks combined
will span the Juan de Fuca Plate (200,000 sq kilometers). Hundreds
of sensors will be located on the seafloor in boreholes and buoyed in
the water column. Remotely operated vehicles (ROV) will reside at
July 25, 2009

depth, powered at observatory nodes and directed from distant labs.
Continuous near-real-time multidisciplinary measurement series
will extend for more than 25 years. The initial data flow of 50
terabytes per year will be managed through a Web services
environment. The many research themes addressed by NEPTUNE
Canada will include structure and seismic behavior of the ocean
crust; dynamics of hot and cold fluids and gas hydrates in the upper
ocean crust and overlying sediments; ocean and climate change and
effects on ocean biota and fisheries at all depths; deep-sea
sedimentation, ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity; and
engineering and computational systems research. These involve
interacting processes, long-term changes and chaotic, episodic
events that are difficult to study and quantify by traditional means.
................................................................
VERACRUZ 1,003,241
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE LARAMIDE FORELAND
AND THE PASSIVE MARGIN OF THE GULF OF MEXICO:
TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN THE GOLDEN
LANE AREA, VERACRUZ STATE, MEXICO
H.Alzaga-Ruiz, M.Lopez, F.Roure and M.Seranne (Inst
Mexicano Petroleo; Montpellier II Univ; Inst Francais du Petrole).
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.951-973,
June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
This paper focuses on the analyses of the clastic sedimentary
infill of the Coastal Plain of Eastern Mexico, which initiated
synchronously with the Laramide orogeny in the vicinity of the
Golden Lane. Results of these analyses are used as boundary
conditions for calibrating/interpreting seismic profiles across more
distal depocenters in the offshore of the Gulf of Mexico, from the
sea shore and continental slope in the west to the abyssal plain in
the east. The objective of the study is to better predict the reservoir
distribution in the Deep offshore Basin of the Gulf of Mexico
(DBGM), in order to explore for petroleum. The Coastal Plain is
underlain by three morpho-tectonic domains: the tectonic front of
the Sierra Madre Orientale (SMO), the Chicontepec deep water
flexural basin, and the Tuxpan Platform (also known as the Golden
Lane). Each domain is characterized by a distinct, dominantly
siliciclastic Cenozoic lithostratigraphy. After a Jurassic rifting
episode, followed by thermal subsidence, the oceanic basin and its
western passive margin were deformed during the Upper
Cretaceous and Paleogene, by far field stresses associated with the
Cordilleran-Laramide Orogeny. Starting in the Late Cretaceous -
Early Paleogene and during the Early Eocene, the tectonic load
associated with the Laramide Orogen (Sierra Madre Oriental,
SMO) caused flexural subsidence of the foreland located under the
Coastal Plain. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
WESTERN US 1,003,242
KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF THE PACIFIC AND
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE BOUNDARY IN THE WESTERN
UNITED STATES
N.P.Fay (Oregon Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006; DISSERTATION
ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B v.68, no.2, p.849-B,
Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order no.DA3251850; 140 pp;
Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
WESTERN US 1,003,243
FOSSIL LEAF ECONOMICS QUANTIFIED: CALIBRATION,
EOCENE CASE STUDY, AND IMPLICATIONS
D.L.Royer, L.Sack, P.Wilf, C.H.Lusk, G.J.Jordan, U.Niinemets,
I.J.Wright, M.Westoby, B.Cariglino et al. (Wesleyan Univ).
PALEOBIOLOGY v.33, no.4, pp.574-589, Fall 2007. (ISSN
0094-8373; Over 10 refs)
Leaf mass per area (MA) is a central ecological trait that is
intercorrelated with leaf life span, photosynthetic rate, nutrient
concentration, and palatability to herbivores. These coordinated
variables form a globally convergent leaf economics spectrum
representing a general continuum running from rapid resource
acquisition to maximized resource retention. Leaf economics are
little studied in ancient ecosystems because they cannot be directly
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOLOGY
measured from leaf fossils. We use a large extant data set (65 sites;
667 species-site pairs) to develop a new, easily measured scaling
relationship between petiole width and leaf mass, normalized for
leaf area; this enables MA estimation for fossil leaves from petiole
width and leaf area, two variables that are commonly measurable
in leaf compression floras. The calibration data are restricted to
woody angiosperms exclusive of monocots, but a preliminary data
set (25 species) suggests that broad-leaved gymnosperms exhibit a
similar scaling. Application to two well-studied, classic Eocene
floras demonstrates that MA can be quantified in fossil
assemblages. Our results indicate that several key aspects of plant
and plant-animal ecology can now be quantified in the fossil record
and demonstrate that herbivory has helped shape the evolution of
leaf structure for millions of years.
................................................................
WYOMING 1,003,244
THE HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF
AN AEOLIAN DUNE/SABKHA/CARBONATE COASTLINE
AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MILANKOVITCH CYCLES:
PENNSYLVANIAN/PERMIAN CASPER FORMATION,
SOUTHEASTERN WYOMING
D.M.Burns (Wyoming Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.843-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3250445; 158 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
XIZANG 1,003,245
LATE CENOZOIC SYSTEMATIC LEFT-LATERAL STREAM
DEFLECTIONS ALONG THE GANZI-YUSHU FAULT,
XIANSHUIHE FAULT SYSTEM, EASTERN TIBET
S.Wang, E.Wang, X.Fang and B.Fu (Tibetan Plateau Res Inst;
Chinese Academy Sciences). INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY
REVIEW v.50, no.7, pp.624-635, July 2008. (ISSN 0020-6814; Over
10 refs)
The Xianshuihe fault system (XSF) is one of the most active
faults in eastern Tibet, China. In this study, we document the
distribution of stream deflections along the Ganzi-Yushu segment
of the XSF at scales of 2.5 m to 80 km. The total offset along this
fault suggests that left-lateral movement began at ca 8-5.6 Ma if
the Holocene slip rate has remained steady over this time interval.
From Dengke in the southeast to Dangjiang in the northwest along
the Ganzi-Yushu fault, the documented total geological offset
decreases from ca 80 to ca 39 km, whereas the deflections of the
Yalong, Batang, Jielong, and Dangjiang rivers, almost all of which
initiated around early Quaternary time, show gradually decreasing
offsets from 30 ± 2 km to 16 ± 1 km in the same direction. This
implies that about 41 km and 14 km offsets are accommodated by
transtensional and transpressional structures such as pull-apart
basins and thrust faults along different parts of the fault at
different times; this is also consistent with a northwest decrease in
the Holocene slip rate along the XSF, from 10 to 14 mm/yr around
Dengke to ca 7 mm/yr around Dangjiang. Thus, the spatial and
temporal evolution of stream patterns along the XSF supports the
hypothesis that the tectonic evolution of eastern Tibet is largely
characterized by distributed deformation.
................................................................
GEOCHEMISTRY
ALBERTA 1,003,246
BENTONITE CHEMICAL FEATURES AS PROXY OF LATE
CRETACEOUS PROVENANCE CHANGES: A CASE STUDY
FROM THE WESTERN INTERIOR BASIN OF CANADA
F.Fanti (Bologna Univ). SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY v.217,
nos.1-4, pp.112-127, 5/15/2009. (ISSN 0037-0738; Over 10 refs)
Bentonite beds are fairly common in both marine and
terrestrial Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) deposits
of the Western Interior Basin of western Canada and northwestern
United States. A detailed stratigraphic, sedimentologic,
27
GEOCHEMISTRY
geochemical (X-ray fluorescence), and mineralogical (X-ray
diffraction) study of twenty-one bentonites from the Puskwaskau
and Wapiti formations in the Grande Prairie area (west-central
Alberta, Canada) is here presented. Major and trace-element
concentrations from altered volcanic ashes document the presence
in the study area of predominantly trachyandesitic and rhyolitic
volcanogenic products, resulted from intense volcanic arc to within-
plate pyroclastic activity. Concentration values of high field
strength elements (HFSE) and selected large ion lithophile
elements (LILE) (e.g. Nb, Zr, Th, and Y) obtained by X-ray
fluorescence spectroscopy strongly support the presence of multiple
volcanic sources. Integrated paleoenvironmental and geochemical
criteria for provenance determination indicate a bimodal occurrence
of basic and acid volcanic products interpreted as reflection of
source areas characterized by different tectonic setting and
magmatic composition. A comparative analysis of geochemical
compositions between Grande Prairie bentonites and 30 known
volcanic beds from central and southern Alberta, Manitoba and
Montana (1) documents a trend toward more acidic and alkali-
depleted volcanic products during the late Campanian - early
Maastrichtian interval, and (2) suggests a well constrained
stratigraphic and geographic subdivision of the non-marine
successions of the foreland basin on the basis of geochemical
characteristic of volcanic ash beds. ... (c2009 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
ARCHEAN
ORGANIC HAZE, GLACIATIONS AND MULTIPLE SULFUR
ISOTOPES IN THE MID-ARCHEAN ERA
S.D.Domagal-Goldman, J.F.Kasting,
J.Farquhar (Pennsylvania State Univ; Maryland Univ, Coll Park).
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS v.269, nos.1-2,
pp.29-40, 5/15/2008. (ISSN 0012-821X; Over 10 refs)
We use sulfur (S) isotope signatures within ancient sediments
and a photochemical model of sulfur dioxide (SO2) photolysis to
interpret the evolution of the atmosphere over the first half of
Earth’s history. A decrease in mass-independent sulfur isotope
fractionation has been reported in Archean rocks deposited between
ca 2.7 Ga and ca 3.2 Ga, and is reinforced by new S isotope data
that we report here. This pattern has been interpreted by some as
evidence that atmospheric oxygen (O2) was elevated during this
time. In this paper, we argue against that conclusion, and show
that it is inconsistent with other geochemical data. In its place, we
propose a new model that can explain the sulfur isotope record that
can also avoid conflicts with independent constraints on O2 and
account for concurrent glacial deposits. Specifically, we suggest
that prior to the rise of O2 excursions in the sulfur isotope record
were modulated by the thickness of an organic haze. This haze
would have blocked the lower atmosphere from the UV fluxes
responsible for the anomalous sulfur photochemistry and would
have caused an anti-greenhouse effect that triggered the
glaciations. We used a photochemical model to verify that a haze
could have affected the isotopic signal in this manner, and to
examine how changes in atmospheric methane (CH4) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) concentrations could have controlled haze thickness.
... (c2008 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
BAHAMA ISLANDS
Sr CONCENTRATIONS AND ISOTOPE RATIOS AS
TRACERS OF GROUND-WATER CIRCULATION IN
CARBONATE PLATFORMS: EXAMPLES FROM SAN
SALVADOR ISLAND AND LONG ISLAND, BAHAMAS
J.B.Martin and P.J.Moore (Florida Univ). CHEMICAL
GEOLOGY INCLUDING ISOTOPE GEOSCIENCE v.249, nos.1-2,
pp.52-65, 3/30/2008. (ISSN 0009-2541; Over 10 refs)
The depth to which seawater and fresh water circulate through
modern carbonate platforms may be estimated with 87Sr/86Sr
isotope ratios of dissolved Sr2+ that is enriched through carbonate
mineral dissolution and recrystallization. In 23 water samples from
onshore San Salvador Island and Long Island, Bahamas, carbonate
mineral dissolution and aragonite-to-calcite transformations
elevate Sr2+ concentrations to twice seawater values in water with
near seawater salinity, and to about 130 times the expected value
28
for seawater that has been mixed with fresh water. Carbonate
mineral dissolution enriches Ca2+ concentrations to around 30
times seawater concentrations only in the mixed waters; water with
seawater salinity has approximately seawater Ca2+ concentrations.
Assuming two end-member mixing between seawater Sr2+ and
mineral-derived Sr2+, model estimates indicate that mineral-
derived Sr2+ of 19 samples have 87Sr/86Sr ratios equivalent to
modern seawater within error of the measurement, indicating
alteration of shallow buried Late Pleistocene to Holocene carbonate
minerals. Four samples have mineral-derived Sr2+ with 87Sr/86Sr
ratios lower than modern seawater value. These low ratios reflect
alteration of carbonate minerals that were deposited around 1
mybp, although the measured 87Sr/86Sr values could reflect ages as
great as 4.6 Ma considering the analytical uncertainty of the
measurements. ... (c2007 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,249
THE DISTRIBUTION AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
OF CARBAZOLE COMPOUNDS IN SILURIAN PALEO-
POOLS OF THE TARIM BASIN, NORTHWEST CHINA
L.Liu, H.Huo, Y.Guo, L.Chen, S.Li, Y.Zhao, Y.Li, P.Wang and
Z.Chen (China Univ Petroleum). CHINESE JOURNAL OF
GEOCHEMISTRY v.27, no.1, pp.1-8, March 2008. (ISSN 1000-9426;
Over 10 refs)
The results presented in this paper indicated that the
1,003,247 carbazole-type compounds have high thermal stability and also
show stability in oxidation and bio-degradation. This kind of
compounds still has high concentrations and a complete
distribution in the analyzed dry asphalt samples, showing that they
D.T.Johnston and are particularly useful in the study of hydrocarbon migration of the
paleo-pools. The difference in the contents of nitrogen compounds in
the Silurian dry asphalts from the Awati, Tabei and Tazhong areas
is attributed to the difference in the extent of oxidation and/or bio-
degradation for the areas; the Awati and Tabei areas underwent
relatively strong oxidation and bio-degradation. During the first
stage of hydrocarbon pool formation in the Silurian system in the
Tazhong and Tabei areas of the Tarim Basin (at the end of the
Silurian period) and at the second stage in the Awati area (in
Permian), the hydrocarbons experienced a long-distance migration.
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,250
THE GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OIL-
SOURCE ROCK CORRELATION OF OILSHOW FROM THE
MAJIASHAN PROFILE, CHAOXIAN COUNTY, SOUTH OF
ANHUI PROVINCE
Y.Tang, Z.Wen and L.Zan (Yangtze Univ; China Univ
Petroleum). CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMISTRY v.27,
no.1, pp.53-57, March 2008. (ISSN 1000-9426; 8 refs)
In the future, the exploration of marine oil and gas will be one
of the significant domains in China. In this paper, the biomarker
assemblage characteristics of oil show in the Nanlinghu Formation
of the Majiashan profile, which is located in Chaoxian County,
south of Anhui Province, are described in the light of gas
chromatography - mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis on the
qualitative and quantitative basis. Based on the investigation of the
biomarker assemblage characteristics of possible source rocks
1,003,248 developed in the area studied, a conclusion is drawn that the oil
show was generated from the Nanlinghu Formation source rocks
(abbreviated as T1n), instead of the Qixia Formation source rocks
(abbreviated as P1q). It is pointed out that the T1n is of strong
potential for future oil exploration, and therefore much attention
should be paid to it.
................................................................
CHINA 1,003,251
WHERE WAS SOUTH CHINA IN THE SUPERCONTINENT?
EVIDENCE FROM U-Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY AND Hf
ISOTOPES OF DETRITAL ZIRCONS
J.H.Yu, S.Y.O’Reilly, L.Wang, W.L.Griffin, M.Zhang, R.Wang,
S.Jiang and L.Shu (Nanjing Univ; Macquarie Univ).
PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH v.164, nos.1-2, pp.1-15, 6/20/2008.
(ISSN 0301-9268; Over 10 refs)
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopic studies on detrital
zircons from late Neoproterozoic sediments of the Cathaysia block,
South China, show abundant Grenville-age (ca 1.0 Ga) and
Neoarchaean populations, and minor Eoarchaean (ca 3.8 Ga),
Paleo- to Mesoarchaean (3.3-3.0 Ga), Mesoproterozoic (1.7-1.4 Ga)
and Pan-African (0.70-0.54 Ga) populations. This is the first report
of ca 3.8 Ga material in the crust of the Cathaysia block. The
presence of euhedral ca 1.0 Ga zircons indicates that a Grenville
orogenic belt was within or very close to the southern Cathaysia
block. However, the provenance containing the ca 3.8 Ga, 3.3-3.0
Ga, ca 2.5 Ga, ca 1.0 Ga and 0.70-0.54 Ga zircon populations cannot
be found in the South China Block; the combination of zircon age
distributions and the rounded, strongly abraded shapes of the
Archean zircons suggesting long transport is consistent with
derivation from other continental terranes previously linked with
the southern part of the South China Block. Comparison with the
tectono-magmatic history and compositions of rocks in western
Laurentia - eastern Australia and eastern India - East Antarctica -
western Australia, we suggest that these late Neoproterozoic
sediments may have originated mainly from Eastern India - East
Antarctica. ... (c2008 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
CHINA
MESOGENETIC DISSOLUTION OF
ORDOVICIAN LIMESTONE IN THE TAHE OILFIELD OF
TARIM BASIN, NW CHINA
Z.Jin, D.Zhu, W.Hu, X.Zhang, J.Zhang and Y.Song (Sinopec;
Nanjing Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26,
no.6, pp.753-763, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The mesogenetic dissolution is well developed in the middle
Ordovician Yijianfang formation (O2yj) limestone, and the
dissolution pores are very important for petroleum accumulation in
the south slope area of the Tahe oilfield which lies in the north of
the Tarim basin, northwestern China. Mottled, dotted or laminar
dissolution can be observed in the O2yj limestone. Under
microscope, the grains, lime matrix and all stages of calcite cements
(including oil-inclusion-bearing blocky calcite cements) can all be
found dissolved ubiquitously. The stylolites in the limestone were
enlarged and rounded because of dissolution. Some dolomite
rhombs, precipitated along stylolites in burial environment, were
found dissolved as well. The dissolution of the blocky calcite
cements and dolomite rhombs and the enlarging of stylolites
demonstrate that the dissolution took place in the mesogenetic
environment. Concentration of trace elements, including REEs, of
the eroded part of the O2yj limestone is intermediate between that
of the uneroded part and that of the underlying lower Ordovician
limestone hydrocarbon source rocks. Both δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB
values of the eroded part are less than those of the uneroded part,
respectively. The geochemical characteristics indicate that the
eroding fluids are hydrocarbon-bearing fluids coming from the
underlying hydrocarbon source rocks. (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
COSTA RICA
GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOBIOLOGY OF
SUBDUCTING SEDIMENTS AT THE COSTA RICAN
CONVERGENT MARGIN
D.M.Cardace (Washington Univ, St Louis). Ph.D. thesis, 2006;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.841-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3250497; 301 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
FRANCE
DIFFUSION OF ANIONIC SPECIES IN CALLOVO-
OXFORDIAN ARGILLITES AND OXFORDIAN
LIMESTONES (MEUSE/HAUTE-MARNE, FRANCE)
M.Descostes, V.Blin, F.Bazer-Bachi, P.Meier, B.Grenut,
J.Radwan, M.L.Schlegel, S.Buschaert, D.Coelho et al. (Comm
Energie Atom (France)). APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY v.23, no.4,
pp.655-677, April 2008. (ISSN 0883-2927; Over 10 refs)
Diffusive parameters of tritiated water (HTO) and several
July 25, 2009
GEOCHEMISTRY
anionic tracers (36Cl-, 125I-, 35SO42- and 75SeO32-) were determined
in the Callovian-Oxfordian argillite formation (Meuse/Haute-
Marne, France), and also in the Oxfordian limestone formation,
located just above. Twenty two drillcore samples, from depths of
150-480 m and from almost each lithofacies along the same
borehole EST205, were tested. Three distinct and complementary
experimental set-ups were used (batch, column filled with crushed
argillite and through-diffusion experiments) associated with a
thorough characterisation of the rock, care being taken to maintain
redox conditions. Tritiated water behaviour is similar to water
which diffuses in the total porosity of the rock. Tritiated water and
anionic tracers displayed analogous diffusive behaviour in
calcareous samples with εa(anion)/εa(HTO) = 1 and
De(anion)/De(HTO) close to 0.85, i.e. the ratio of their diffusion
coefficients in free water. Lower and scattered values were observed
in the lower part of the Oxfordian limestones which is
characterized by the presence of mineralogical heterogeneities and
dolomitic diagenesis. In the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite formation,
diffusive fluxes of 36Cl-, 125I- and 35SO42- are similar but lower than
that of HTO. ... (c2007 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
GERMANY 1,003,255
1,003,252
STABLE ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR FOSSIL FOOD WEBS
THE MIDDLE IN EOCENE LAKE MESSEL
M.K.Schweizer, A.Steele, J.K.W.Toporski and M.L.Fogel (Oxford
Univ; Carnegie Inst Washington; Christian Albrechts Univ).
PALEOBIOLOGY v.33, no.4, pp.590-609, Fall 2007. (ISSN
0094-8373; Over 10 refs)
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic compositions of fossil
materials from Lake Messel (47 Ma) in Germany are used to
investigate Eocene ecosystem dynamics. Autolithified soft tissues
of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate organisms, as well as plant
compression fossils, contain organic material (20-50 wt% C, 1-6 wt%
N), which appears to retain precursor compositions. Stable isotopic
compositions (δ13C and δ15N) of Messel fossils are similar to those
reported for components in modern lacustrine ecosystems. These
data show trophically sensible enrichments relative to food sources,
reflect multiple feeding strategies for each organism (e.g., omnivory,
planctivory, piscivory), and differentiate between benthic and
pelagic organic carbon sources. These chemical data broadly
confirm existing Messel food web models based on coprolite and gut
content analyses. δ13C values for the lacustrine shale range from
-30.3 to -26.3 per mill, pointing to mixed terrestrial and aquatic
origins for primary producers in the food web. δ13C values for
primary consumers such as insects overlap with those for primary
producers but are comparatively enriched in 15N. Secondary and
higher consumers (fish, crocodiles, and frogs) are associated with
even more positive δ15N values and show a more constrained range
of δ13C values. Omnivory appears widespread in both low and high
trophic level consumers. Hence, the stable isotopic compositions of
Messel fossils are complex and overlap, and must be combined with
paleontological investigations in order to be conclusive. This study
represents the first comprehensive isotopic reconstruction,
1,003,253 featuring tens of components, of an ecosystem of Eocene age. A
thorough understanding of trophic structure in Eocene Lake Messel
contributes to the global databank of ecological history.
................................................................
INDIA 1,003,256
C AND Sr ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS IN THE VINDHYAN
CARBONATES: IMPLICATION FOR GLOBAL EVENTS
DURING THE PROTEROZOIC
J.S.Ray and J.Veizer (Ottawa-Carleton Geosci Ctr). ANNUAL
GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
1,003,254 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; 3 refs; Abstract
only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
INDIAN OCEAN 1,003,257
ORIGINS AND MATURITY OF ORGANIC MATTER IN MID-
CRETACEOUS BLACK SHALES FROM ODP SITE 1138 ON
Petroleum Abstracts 29
GEOCHEMISTRY
THE KERGUELEN PLATEAU
P.A.Meyers, J.G.Yum and S.W.Wise (Michigan Univ; Korea
National Oil Co; Florida State Univ).
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.909-915, June 2009. (ISSN
0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
We have conducted elemental, isotopic, and Rock-Eval analyses
of Cenomanian-Santonian sediment samples from ODP Site 1138
in the southern Indian Ocean to assess the origin and thermal
maturity of organic matter in mid-Cretaceous black shales found at
this high-latitude location. Total organic carbon (TOC)
concentrations range between 1 and 20 wt% in black to medium-
gray sediments deposited around the Cenomanian-Turonian
boundary. Results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicate that the organic
matter is algal Type II material that has experienced modest
alteration. Important contributions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to
the amplified production of organic matter implied by the high TOC
concentrations is recorded in δ15N values between -5 and 1 per mill,
and the existence of a near-surface intensified oxygen minimum
zone that favored organic carbon preservation is implied by
TOC/TN ratios between 20 and 40. In contrast to the marine nature
of the organic matter in the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary
section, deeper sediments at Site 1138 contain evidence of
contributions land-derived organic matter that implies the former
presence of forests on the Kerguelen Plateau until the earliest
Cenomanian. (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
IRON CARBONATE
THE IRON ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF MICROBIAL
CARBONATE
F.von Blanckenburg, M.Mamberti, R.Schoenberg, B.S.Kamber
and G.E.Webb (Hannover Univ; Laurentian Univ; Queensland Univ
Technology). CHEMICAL GEOLOGY INCLUDING ISOTOPE
GEOSCIENCE v.249, nos.1-2, pp.113-128, 3/30/2008. (ISSN
0009-2541; Over 10 refs)
In a comparative study of fossil and recent stromatolites and
microbialites we have investigated whether reefal stromatolitic
limestones are able to preserve Fe isotope compositions that
potentially serve as proxies of seawater chemistry at the time of
their formation. It was found that δ56Fe values of Archean
stromatolites vary between -2.1 per mill and -0.5 per mill, Devonian
and Carboniferous microbialites vary between 0 per mill and -1 per
mill, and modern microbialites from the Great Barrier Reef show a
range from -0.12 per mill to +0.15 per mill. Five lines of evidence
support the possibility that these compositions are potentially
pristine. (1) Fe concentrations and Fe isotope ratios are not
correlated. (2) The concentrations of other elements that are
potentially mobile during carbonate diagenesis (Mg, Sr) do not
correlate with δ56Fe. (3) Mn concentrations are inversely correlated
with δ56Fe, which might hint at meteoric alteration. However, if Mn
concentrations and Fe isotope signatures were pristine features,
they might serve as a record of the reduction of these two metals in
seawater. (4) Dolomitisation of two Devonian limestones does not
shift their Fe isotope compositions. (5) Rare earth element and
yttrium (REY) patterns in all limestones are similar to seawater
REY sources. ... (c2008 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
JAPAN
AGE VARIATION OF PORE WATER IODINE IN THE
EASTERN NANKAI TROUGH, JAPAN: EVIDENCE FOR
DIFFERENT METHANE SOURCES IN A LARGE GAS
HYDRATE FIELD
H.Tomaru, Z.Lu, U.Fehn, Y.Muramatsu and R.Matsumoto
(Kitami Inst Technology; Rochester Univ; Gakushuin Univ; Tokyo
Univ). GEOLOGY v.35, no.11, pp.1015-1018, Nov. 2007. (ISSN
0091-7613; Over 10 refs)
The 129I geochronology of marine pore water is useful for the
understanding of the origin of methane in gas hydrates because of
the close association between I and marine organic materials
responsible for methane generation. We report 129I/I ratios in pore
waters from three deep cores in the eastern Nankai Trough gas
hydrate field, two located on the outer ridge and one in the forearc
basin. As in previous studies of gas hydrate fields, I ages of pore
water are consistently older than those of the host sediments. For
30
the first time, however, the results demonstrate that the potential I
source formations vary considerably across the forearc setting:
MARINE AND while I at the basin site reaches ages close to 50 Ma, all I ages at
the two ridge sites are < 32 Ma. The latter two sites also
demonstrate the influence of I from formations younger than 10
Ma. The results suggest that I and, by association, methane on the
outer ridge are derived mainly from Miocene to Pliocene forearc
sediments through the active faults, while the main source for the
forearc basin is the old accretionary wedge related to an earlier
subduction configuration of Eocene age, which acts as a backstop in
the current subduction system.
................................................................
MALAYSIA 1,003,260
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE TERTIARY BLACK
SHALES OF WEST SABAH, EAST MALAYSIA
A.M.Burgan, C.A.Ali and S.H.Tahir (Kebangsaan Malaysia
Univ; Malaysia Sabah Univ). CHINESE JOURNAL OF
GEOCHEMISTRY v.27, no.1, pp.28-35, March 2008. (ISSN
1000-9426; Over 10 refs)
The X-ray fluorescence and ICP methods were used to analyze
60 outcrop samples of black shale, of which 15 were collected from
Belait, 15 from the Setap Shale, 15 from Temburong, and 15 from
the Trusmadi formations. The average compositions of the shales
from the study area are 64.62%, 63.95%, 62.32%, 63.84% SiO2,
1.84%, 2.14%, 2.04%, 1.99% MgO, 2.55%, 3.12%, 2.89%, 2.72% K2O,
1,003,258 0.32%, 0.30%, 0.32%, 0.53% CaO, 5.86%, 6.06%, 7.14%, 6.60%
Fe2O3, 207 x 10 E-06, 180 x 10 E-06, 213 x 10 E-06, 200 x 10 E-06
Rb, and 56 x 10 E-06, 49 x 10 E-06, 50 x 10 E-06, 32 x 10 E-06 Sr
for the Setap Shale, Temburong, Belait and Trusmadi samples,
respectively. The high Rb/Sr ratios of 3.8, 3.7, 4.2, and 6.1 are
attributed to the lowest contents of Sr due to reducing conditions
prevailing. The high Rb/K ratio suggests either brackish marine or
rapid deposition that prevented equilibrium between Rb and K in
the shales and marine waters.
................................................................
NAMIBIA 1,003,261
FEASIBILITY OF GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING FOR
CORRELATION OF LATE-PROTEROZOIC ASH BEDS
J.M.Poling, B.Z.Saylor and W.D.Huff (Case Western Reserve
Univ; Cincinnati Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING
(St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL
PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS12; Available at http://gac.ca as of
4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 1,003,262
ANOMALOUS CALCIUM CARBONATE PRESERVATION IN
THE ABYSSAL NORTH PACIFIC: A LINK WITH
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE GLACIATION?
F.M.G.McCarthy, R.Ohlenschlaeger, J.E.Arney, B.C.Horner-
Johnson, W.S.Downey et al. (Brock Univ; Aarhus Univ; Florida
State Univ; Rice Univ; Dalhousie Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC
JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session SS5; Available at
1,003,259 http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY 1,003,263
TOWARD A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF EPEIRIC SEA C-
CYCLING
K.M.Panchuk and C.E.Holmden (Saskatchewan Univ).
ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001. (Session GS8;
Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

SLOVAKIA 1,003,264
RARE-EARTH ELEMENTAL SYSTEMATICS OF MIXED-
LAYERED ILLITE-SMECTITE FROM SEDIMENTARY AND
HYDROTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE WESTERN
CARPATHIANS (SLOVAKIA)
M.Honty, N.Clauer and V.Sucha (SCK-CEN; CNRS-ULP;
Comenius Univ). CHEMICAL GEOLOGY INCLUDING ISOTOPE
GEOSCIENCE v.249, nos.1-2, pp.167-190, 3/30/2008. (ISSN
0009-2541; Over 10 refs)
Mixed-layered illite-smectite separates of various sizes from
bentonites and shales collected in sedimentary and hydrothermal
units of the Western Carpathians were analyzed for their major-,
trace- and rare-earth elements (REEs). The major elements fairly
reflect the changes in the clay mineralogy related to illitization, but
a lack of correlation between this chemical composition and the
REE contents suggests that their incorporation and fractionation
by nucleating and growing illite-type particles is complex during
both burial-induced diagenesis and hydrothermal activity. During
crystal growth of illite-type fundamental particles, illitization
driven by burial-related temperature increase does not fractionate
the REEs incorporated in the mineral structures, but it increases
their contents, suggesting that the bentonite and shale units of the
sedimentary sequence act as closed systems. The amount of
smectite layers in the I-S does not relate to the sum of REE or to
the La/Lu ratio in the bentonites and shales of the East Slovak
Basin sedimentary sequence, outlining that REE incorporation and
fractionation concerns the illite layers, not the smectite layers.
Alternatively, the hydrothermal system of Dolna Ves acts as an
open system with supply of the REEs by external hot fluids, so that
the REE contents are not determined by the precipitation of illite.
... (c2008 Elsevier B.V.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
SOUTH CHINA SEA 1,003,265
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE
NEARSHORE GAS SEEPAGES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
TO NATURAL GAS MIGRATION IN THE YINGGEHAI
BASIN, OFFSHORE SOUTH CHINA SEA
B.Huang, X.Xiao, X.Li and D.Cai (Guangzhou Inst Geochem;
CNOOC Ltd). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.928-935, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
About 120 gas seepage vents were documented along the west
and southwest coast of the Hainan Island, South China Sea, in
water depths usually less than 50 m. The principal seepage areas
include the Lingtou Promontory, the Yinggehai Rivulet Mouth,
Yazhou Bay, the Nanshan Promontory and the Tianya Promontory.
They occur along three major zones, reflecting the control by faults
and lateral conduits within the basement. It is estimated that the
total gas emission from these seepage vents is 294-956 m3/year. The
seepage gases are characterized by a high CH4 content (76%),
heavy δ13C1 values (-38 to -33 per mill) and high C1/C1-5 ratios
(0.95-1.0), resembling the thermogenic gases from the diapiric gas
fields of the Yinggehai Basin. Hydrocarbon-source correlation
shows that the hydrocarbons in the sediments from seepage areas
can be correlated with the deeply buried Miocene source rocks and
sandstone reservoirs in the central depression. The 2D basin
modeling results based on a section from the source rock center to
the gas seepage sites indicate that the gas-bearing fluids migrated
from the source rocks upward through faults or weak zones
encompassed by shale diapirism or in up-dip direction along the
sandstone-rich strata of Huangliu Formation to arrive to seabed
and form the nearshore gas seepages. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
VIETNAM 1,003,266
PETROLEUM COMPOSITION IN THE CUU LONG BASIN
(MEKONG BASIN) OFFSHORE SOUTHERN VIETNAM
J.A.Bojesen-Koefoed, H.P.Nytoft and N.T.Dau (Denmark
Greenland Geol Sur; Vietnam Petroleum Inst). MARINE AND
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.899-908, June 2009. (ISSN
0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The Cuu Long Basin (Mekong Basin) is a rift basin off southern
Vietnam, and the most important petroleum producing basin in the
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOCHEMISTRY
country. However, information on petroleum type and
characteristics has hitherto been largely unavailable to the public.
This paper presents petroleum geochemical data on nine oil
samples from four different producing fields in the Cuu Long Basin:
the Dragon (Rong), Black Lion (Sutu-Den), Sunrise (Rang Dong)
and White Tiger (Bach Ho) Fields. The oils are highly paraffinic
with bimodal normal alkane distributions and show moderate
pristane to phytane ratios and a conspicuous hyperbolic decrease in
abundance with increasing carbon number of hopane homologues
from C30 to C35. The TPP-index of Holba et al. (Holba, A.G., Dzou,
L.I., Wood, G.D., Ellis, L., Adam, P., Schaeffer, P., Albrecht, P.,
Greene, T., Hughes, W.B., 2003. Application of tetracyclic
polyprenoids as indicators of input from fresh-brackish water
environments. Organic Geochemistry 34, 441-469) is equal to 1 in
all samples which in combination with tricyclic triperpane T26/T25
ratios > 1 and the n-alkane and hopane distributions mentioned
above provide a strong indication of an origin from lacustrine
source rocks. This is supported by the absence of marine C30
desmethyl steranes (i.e. 24-n-propylcholestanes) and marine
diatom-derived norcholestanes. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
WESTERN CANADA BASIN 1,003,267
THE IMPORTANCE OF SHALE COMPOSITION AND PORE
STRUCTURE UPON GAS STORAGE POTENTIAL OF
SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS
D.J.K.Ross and R.M.Bustin (Shell Canada Ltd; British
Columbia Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26,
no.6, pp.916-927, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The effect of shale composition and fabric upon pore structure
and CH4 sorption is investigated for potential shale gas reservoirs
in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Devonian-
Mississippian (D-M) and Jurassic shales have complex,
heterogeneous pore volume distributions as identified by low
pressure CO2 and N2 sorption, and high pressure Hg porosimetry.
Thermally mature D-M shales (1.6-2.5% VRo) have Dubinin-
Radushkevich (D-R) CO2 micropore volumes ranging between 0.3
and 1.2 cc/100 g and N2 BET surface areas of 5-31 m2/g. Jurassic
shales, which are invariably of lower thermal maturity ranging
from 0.9 to 1.3% VRo, than D-M shales have smaller D-R CO2
micropore volumes and N2 BET surface areas, typically in the
range of 0.23-0.63 cc/100 g (CO2) and 1-9 m2/g (N2). High pressure
CH4 isotherms on dried and moisture equilibrated shales show a
general increase of gas sorption with total organic carbon (TOC)
content. Methane sorption in D-M shales increases with increasing
TOC and micropore volume, indicating that microporosity
associated with the organic fraction is a primary control upon CH4
sorption. Sorption capacities for Jurassic shales, however, can be in
part unrelated to micropore volume. The large sorbed gas capacities
of organic-rich Jurassic shales, independent of surface area, imply a
portion of CH4 is stored by solution in matrix bituminite. ... (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
GEOPHYSICS
CSEM METHOD 1,003,268
ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEYING
D.Andreis, L.MacGregor and N.Golubev, asrs. (OHM Ltd).
World 2009/037,419A2, p. 3/26/2009, f. 8/29/2008 (Appl. 0,802,921),
pr. U.S. 9/20/2007 (Appl. 858,239) and Gr. Brit. 10/18/2007 (Appl.
0,720,430) (G01V-0003/12). (71 pp)
A method of analysing results from an electromagnetic survey
of an area that is thought or known to contain a subterranean
resistive or conductive body within a background strata
configuration is described. The method comprises providing a set of
electromagnetic field data obtained using at least one
electromagnetic receiver and at least one electromagnetic source for
a range of source-receiver separations, e.g., providing conventional
controlled-source electromagnetic survey data. A subset of the
electromagnetic field data is identified that comprises data
31
GEOPHYSICS
obtained for source-receiver separations greater than a selected
threshold offset. The threshold offset is chosen so that data beyond
this offset are characteristic of magnetotelluric data. Thus the
subset of data is then processed in accordance with a first technique
to obtain information on the background strata configuration.
Other electromagnetic field data obtained for source-receiver
separations less than the threshold offset may then be processed in
accordance with a second technique to obtain information on any
subterranean resistive or conductive body within the background
strata configuration.
................................................................
DATA ACQUISITION 1,003,269
VIBRATION ISOLATION SECTION
A.J.Gallagher and D.I.Wallace, asrs. (Phoenix Engineer Pty
Ltd). World 2009/036,495A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/17/2008 (Appl.
0,801,371), pr. Austral. 9/19/2007 (Appl. 2007-905,117)
(G01V-0001/20; G01V-0001/38). (19 pp)
According to the present invention there is provided a vibration
isolation section for use in a seismic streamer system, the section
including: a resilient sheath arranged to be connected end-to-end in
a seismic streamer system and receive axial loads transmitted
through the system, wherein the resilient sheath is configured to
stretch upon receiving an axial load and substantially convert the
axial load into a radial stress; and a support structure housed
within the resilient sheath, the support structure including one or
more members having substantially constant diameter under load
which provides a reaction to the radial stress, thereby providing
attenuation to the received axial load.
................................................................
DATA ACQUISITION 1,003,270
GENERATING SEISMIC VIBRATOR SIGNALS
J.M.Smith, G.A.Sitton and R.I.Bloor, asrs. (ION Geophysical
Corp). World 2009/038,709A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/17/2008 (Appl.
0,810,800), pr. U.S. 9/17/2007 (Appl. 856,386) (G01V-0001/02). (29
pp; Also assigned to J.M.Smith)
A method and apparatus for generating a seismic source signal
are provided for generating energy in the form of a plurality of time
sequence vibratory signals, the vibratory signals being partitioned
as a function of time and/or frequency, wherein each of the plurality
of signals comprises a distinguishing signature. The partitioned
vibratory signals are emitted into a terrain of interest as seismic
source signals for conducting a seismic survey.
................................................................
DATA ACQUISITION 1,003,271
LOW-POWER SATELLITE-TIMES SEISMIC DATA
ACQUISITION SYSTEM
R.B.Adams, B.Vajapeyam, J.E.Prado, P.E.Carroll
J.M.Hallaman, asrs. (Geospace Technologies LP). World
2009/038,769A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/19/2008 (Appl. 0,810,904), pr. U.S.
9/21/2007 (Appl. 60/974,266) (G01V-0001/00). (29 pp)
A recording system and method for conducting seismic surveys
including cordless battery-operated digital recorders, each
employing an integral global positioning system receiver that is
only periodically enabled for the purpose of establishing
synchronized acquisition clock signals among all the recorders. The
satellite receiver adjustment cycle is varied depending on past
acquisition clock accuracy and temperature changes. A time stamp
is recorded with the digitized seismic data in non-volatile memory.
The memory is sized to allow extended periods of operation. Each
recorder preferably includes a low-power system timer that may be
used as a timer to remotely turn on and off the recorders according
to a pre- programmed schedule to conserve power when the system
is not in use. Electronic components are idled or de-energized when
not needed.
................................................................
DATA ACQUISITION 1,003,272
SINGLE FOIL LATERAL FORCE AND DEPTH CONTROL
DEVICE FOR MARINE SEISMIC SENSOR ARRAY
J.E.Stokkeland and J.Falkenberg. U.S. 2009/0,003,129A1, p.
1/1/2009, f. 6/28/2007 (Appl. 823,788) (G01V-0001/38). (10 pp)
32 Petroleum Abstracts
A lateral force and depth control device for a marine streamer
includes a housing configured to be coupled within the streamer. A
control surface is mounted to the housing such that a rotary
orientation and an angle of attack of the control surface with
respect to the housing are changeable. The device includes means
for moving the control surface to a selected rotary orientation with
respect to the housing. The device includes means for moving the
control surface to a selected angle of attack with respect to the
housing. A removable coupling is provided to couple the control
surface to the means for moving to a selected rotary orientation and
means for moving to a selected angle of attack.
................................................................
DATA ACQUISITION 1,003,273
OCEAN BOTTOM CABLE AND SENSOR UNIT
A.W.Olivier, A.G.Kay and M.W.Ip, asrs. (ION Geophysical Corp).
World 2009/039,252A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/18/2008 (Appl. 0,876,814),
pr. U.S. 9/18/2007 (Appl. 60/973,323) (G01V-0001/38). (20 pp)
An underwater ocean bottom cable constructed of a series of
axially aligned cable segments alternately arranged with sensor
units. The sensor units include an outer housing with an interior
cavity in which a sensor module is suspended by a cradle. Vanes on
the sensor module protrude through axially elongated openings in
the outer housing to dig into the seabed to provide good seismic
coupling between the seabed and pressure sensors and motion
sensors housed in the sensor module. The outer sensor housing is
split into complementary portions that clamp firmly onto the ends
of adjacent cable segments. Stress members, such as high modulus
fiber ropes, extend out the ends of adjacent cable segments. Axial
channels formed in the intervening outer sensor housing on
opposite sides of the sensor module receive the stress members,
which, along with the cradle, provide seismic isolation between the
cable segments and the sensor modules.
................................................................
DATA PROCESSING 1,003,274
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROSPECTING APPARATUS AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROSPECTING METHOD
E.Arai, H.Katayama, K.Masuda, T.Hayashi, T.Nagaishi and
H.Ota, asrs. (Japan Oil Gas & Metal Corp). World 2009/041,343A1,
p. 4/2/2009, f. 9/18/2008 (Appl. 0,866,834), pr. Japan 9/25/2007
(Appl. 2007-247,827) and Japan 9/25/2007 (Appl. 2007-247,828)
(G01V-0003/08; G01R-0033/035). (47 pp; In Japanese)
An intensity value (V1(p)) occurring before a time interval (T1)
from a reference timing for a positive-direction pulse and an
intensity value (V2(p)) occurring after a time interval (T2) from the
reference timing are obtained. In addition, an intensity value
(V1(n)) occurring before a time interval (T1) from a reference timing
for a negative-direction pulse and an intensity value (V2(n))
occurring after a time interval (T2) from the reference timing are
and
obtained. If the absolute value of the intensity value difference,
given by abs(V1(p) - V1(n)), exceeds a threshold value (Th1) or that
given by abs(V2(p) - V2(p)) exceeds a threshold value (Th2), it is
determined that offset is occurring in the time data and the data is
excluded from a processing object.
................................................................
EAST SIBERIAN SEA 1,003,275
PROGNOSTIC MAP OF THE SEDIMENTARY COVER
THICKNESS FOR THE EAST SIBERIAN SEA BASED ON
SATELLITE ALTIMETRY DATA
S.Yu.Sokolov (Russian Academy Sciences). DOKLADY EARTH
SCIENCES v.419, no.2, pp.205-209, Feb.-March 2008. (ISSN
1028-334X; Over 10 refs)
Due to its geographic position and climatic conditions, the East
Siberian Sea shelf is the least studied passive continental margin of
Russia. The shelf area makes up about 10 E+06 sq km. The high
hydrocarbon potential of the region requires new approaches to the
reliable assessment of the sedimentary cover thickness (SCT) for
the whole region and compilation of a tectonic map. This work
elucidates an approach to solution of the problem in a
semiquantitative form (with a low appraised accuracy) based on
remote methods. Such information involves satellite altimetry data
recalculated into the free-air gravity anomaly for the polar region.
July 25, 2009

The distribution of the SCT obtained shows that the cover is
located in graben-like basement depressions, which separate block
segments of the sea area. The basic sediment mass is concentrated
in the western part of the Novosibirsk-Alaska Trough, which is
referred to as the Vil’kitskii Trough, and in its branches. It is
crosscut by numerous NE- and NW-trending linear zones. Areas
with signs of magmatism are, as a rule, confined to the periphery of
the basement protrusions or intersections of linear zones. The
greatest thickness is expected to be in the depression southwest of
Wrangel Island, which is similar in its Bouguer anomaly
configuration to the S. Chukchi Sea basin but occupies a smaller
area. Nevertheless, the maximal prognostic thickness in the
depression reaches 10 km.
................................................................
EQUATORIAL GUINEA 1,003,276
HOW DOES CARBONATE CEMENTATION IN SANDSTONES
AFFECT SEISMIC RESPONSE?
T.Dutta, T.Mukerji and G.Mavko (Stanford Univ). 78TH
ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV,
11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP
2.6; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10
refs; Expanded abstract)
Carbonate cementation and subsequent dissolution during
diagenesis can strongly modify the depositional porosity and
permeability of a siliciclastic reservoir. This study focuses on how
carbonate cementation precipitated at the key sequence
stratigraphic surfaces impact the seismic impedance. Our goals are
two-fold: (1) to identify the sedimentological variations within
carbonate-cemented sandstones and (2) to quantify their effects on
P-impedance. To accomplish this goal, we identify the relationship
between carbonate cementation and key stratigraphic surfaces. We
find that the carbonate-cemented sandstones are extremely
heterogeneous in our study area at offshore Equatorial Guinea,
West Africa. However, these sedimentological variations can be
linked with two distinct stratigraphic surfaces: the flooding
surfaces and the incision surfaces. The carbonate cements
associated with distinct surfaces manifest themselves into two
separate clusters in the P-impedance vs. porosity domain. The P-
impedance vs. porosity trends of the data can be quantitatively
interpreted using effective medium models. This study can be
applied to quantify the sedimentological variations in carbonate
cemented sandstones from seismic impedance. (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
EUROPE 1,003,277
AN INTEGRATED PALAEOMAGNETIC AND AMS STUDY
OF THE TERTIARY FLYSCH FROM THE OUTER WESTERN
CARPATHIANS
E.Marton, M.Rauch-Wlodarska, O.Krejci, A.K.Tokarski and
M.Bubik (Eotvos Lorand Geophys Inst; Polish Academy Sciences;
Czech Geological Survey). GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3, pp.925-940, June 2009. (ISSN
0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
The Carpathians belong to the European Alpine system, which
was formed during the convergence and collision of the European
and African plates. The study area, which comprises the Magura
and Silesian nappes of the Outer Western Carpathians, were the
locations of intensive folding and nappe transport during the
Tertiary. There are a number of models depicting the changes in
shapes and positions of the original sedimentary basins as a
consequence of the above processes. However, it is this study that
provides the first palaeomagnetic constraints for reconstructing the
displacement history of the Silesian and Magura nappes during
Tertiary. For the palaeomagnetic and anisotropy of the low-field
magnetic susceptibility (AMS) studies, 554 independently oriented
cores were drilled, mostly from claystones, at 57 geographically
distributed localities of Oligocene age (and partly of Late Eocene in
the Magura nappe). In the laboratory, the magnetic mineral
identified was always magnetite, invariably accompanied by
paramagnetic pyrite. The AMS measurements showed that the
magnetic fabric was dominantly foliated. The foliation and bedding
poles were very close at most of the localities, suggesting that the
foliation was of sedimentary/compaction origin.
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOPHYSICS
FORMATION EVALUATION 1,003,278
EARTH ANALYSIS METHODS, SUBSURFACE FEATURE
DETECTION METHODS, EARTH ANALYSIS DEVICES, AND
ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE
P.B.West, S.R.Novascone and J.P.Wright. U.S.
2009/0,022,010A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/16/2007 (Appl. 778,300)
(G01V-0001/30; G01V-0001/40; E21B-0049/00). (17 pp)
Earth analysis methods, subsurface feature detection methods,
earth analysis devices, and articles of manufacture are described.
According to one embodiment, an earth analysis method includes
engaging a device with the earth, analyzing the earth in a single
substantially lineal direction using the device during the engaging,
and providing information regarding a subsurface feature of the
earth using the analysis.
................................................................
FRACTURE MAPPING 1,003,279
INFORMATION FUSION TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO
INTEGRATIVE PREDICTION OF FRACTURE INTENSITY
H.Y.Lu, S.H.Xiao and L.Deng (Chengdu Univ Technology).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.7a,49-51, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
FRANCE 1,003,280
A COMPARISON OF DETAILED EQUATORIAL RED BED
RECORDS OF SECULAR VARIATION DURING THE
PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS REVERSED SUPERCHRON
M.M.Haldan, C.G.Langereis, A.J.Biggin, M.J.Dekkers and
M.E.Evans (Utrecht Univ; Alberta Univ). GEOPHYSICAL
JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3, pp.834-848, June 2009.
(ISSN 0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
Detailed secular variation records during a superchron may
provide information on the behaviour of the geodynamo during
periods that the field does not reverse. The Permian red beds in
Dome de Barrot (southern France)--deposited during the Permo-
Carboniferous Reversed Superchron (PCRS, 317-265 Ma)--were
previously argued to accurately record palaeosecular variation
(PSV). This result is particularly valuable because the red beds
were deposited near the palaeo-equator and therefore, according to
one model of secular variation, determine the contribution of the
even (symmetric) spherical harmonics of the field. We have
extended the Dome de Barrot sequence, and we have established a
new record from the Permian red beds from the Lodeve basin
(southern France), also deposited at low latitudes. Additionally, we
critically review published data from low latitude Permian red beds
from the same basins. We focus on records with a sufficient number
of samples, and acquire, whenever possible, the original data, or as
a second choice, parametrically sampled published site means. We
test the distributions of these directions using a statistical secular
variation field model (TK03.GAD).
................................................................
GAS HYDRATE 1,003,281
UNIQUE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SEISMIC
ANALYSIS OF PARTIALLY GAS-SATURATED
UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS
M.W.Lee and T.S.Collett (US Geological Survey). MARINE
AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.775-781, June 2009.
(ISSN 0264-8172; 9 refs)
Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas
hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at
shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic
and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and
associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require
nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of
identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity
(Vp/Vs) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-
gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity
dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in
interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White,
J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with
33
GEOPHYSICS
partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224-232] model for partially
gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and
seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave
velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore,
essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to
synthetic seismograms. (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
GAS HYDRATE 1,003,282
SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL METHANE
HYDRATE DEPOSITS
W.Wood (US Naval Research Lab). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2982,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO1; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
GRAVITY EXPLORATION 1,003,283
METHOD FOR OIL SAND EXPLORATION
DEVELOPMENT
W.A.Breukelman, B.W.Main and J.B.French, asrs. (Gedex Inc).
U.S. 2009/0,000,784A1, p. 1/1/2009, f. 6/26/2008 (Appl. 213,969), pr.
U.S. 6/28/2007 (Appl. 60/929,473) and U.S. 7/19/2007 (Appl.
60/929,963) (E21B-0049/00). (10 pp)
The invention provides a method of locating, in terrain
containing oil sand deposits and also containing shale, clean oil
sands deposits (i.e., those not containing significant shale) which
are large enough for economic exploitation. The method includes
flying a high sensitivity gravity gradiometer over the terrain and
measuring at least one component, preferably the vertical
component, of the local gravity gradient field at a number of points
in a grid pattern on the terrain. The densities of sand and shale are
normally approximately the same, making it difficult to distinguish
them. However, in an oil sands environment, there can be a
sufficient difference in bulk density such that by using a very
sensitive gravity gradiometer, or by otherwise reducing the noise
signal using appropriate surveying methods, large clean oil sand
deposits can be distinguished from other oil sand deposits not large
enough for economic exploitation.
................................................................
INDIAN OCEAN 1,003,284
EVOLUTION OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS CRUST IN THE
EQUATORIAL REGION OF THE NORTHERN INDIAN
OCEAN AND ITS IMPLICATION IN UNDERSTANDING THE
PLATE KINEMATICS
M.Desa, M.V.Ramana and T.Ramprasad (Nat Inst Oceanogr
(India)). GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL v.177,
no.3, pp.1265-1278, June 2009. (ISSN 0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
Analysis of 3100 km of newly acquired marine magnetic data,
constrained by satellite and shipborne free air gravity anomalies, in
the corridor between the 86°E fracture zone (FZ) and Ninetyeast
Ridge, north of the equator, reveals the evolutionary history of the
Late Cretaceous crust characterized by anomaly 34 through 31
(83.5-68.7 Ma) under complex tectonic settings. Seafloor spreading
model studies suggest that the crust, particularly between the
chrons 33R and 33 (79.0-73.6 Ma), was formed with variable and
slightly higher half-spreading rates (4.8-7.1 cm yr-1) than the crust
of similar age either in the regions west of 86°E FZ or east of the
Ninetyeast Ridge or the Southern Crozet Basin. Further, the
interpretation of magnetic anomalies suggests the presence of fossil
spreading ridge segments and extra oceanic crust on the Indian
plate that has been transferred from the Antarctica plate by
discrete southward ridge jumps. These ridge jumps are caused by
thermal instability of the spreading centre as the Indian plate
moved northward over the Kerguelen mantle plume. The present
study indicates that the spreading ridge-plume interaction is the
prime mechanism for these ridge jumps, which have occurred since
75.8 Ma.
................................................................
34 Petroleum Abstracts
JAPAN 1,003,285
ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF
VERTICAL GRADIENT OF GRAVITY CAUSED BY MODEL
BODIES WITH AN ELLIPTICAL SHAPED HORIZONTAL
CROSS SECTION
T.Hiroshima and M.Makino (Japan Geological Survey).
BUTSURI-TANSA v.60, no.2, pp.183-202, April 2007. (ISSN
0912-7984; 9 refs; In Japanese)
Many basin-type gravity anomalies with elliptical symmetry
can be found in the gravity map series (1:200,000) published by the
Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. To analyze these gravity
anomalies, the authors reviewed the computing equations of
vertical gradient of gravity based on the model bodies (vertical solid
elliptical cylinder, elliptical cone, elliptical parabola, ellipsoid, error
function shaped bodies). Some characteristics are described in the
maps drawn by these computing equations.
................................................................
KAZAKHSTAN 1,003,286
EFFECTS OF FRACTURES ON THE ROCK PHYSICS OF
AND LIMESTONES IN KASHAGAN FIELD
C.D’Agosto, P.Cibin, R.Miandro, R.Nolen-Hoeksema and
W.Murphy (Eni E&P; Agip-KCO; Earthworks LLC). 78TH
ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV,
11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP
2.1; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 5 refs;
Expanded abstract)
We have investigated the seismic velocities, their variations
and dependencies, in wells that penetrate the limestone reservoirs
from Kashagan oil field. Porosity alone controls the seismic-wave
velocities of the intact limestones. Fluid saturation has little effect
on intact rock because the rock frame is so stiff. A high density of
fractures decreases the frame stiffnesses. A high density of
fractures decreases the compressional and shear wave velocities,
correspondingly. In highly fractured zones, bitumen and water
increase the compressional wave velocity significantly relative to oil
and gas. These results were derived from testing simple conceptual
models against log data. The models were developed to describe (1)
the intact limestone frame in low-porosity limestone, (2) fluid
saturation including gas, oil, water, and bitumen, and (3)
fracturing. A key concept is that the highly fractured zones consist
of completely fragmented rock as opposed to slightly cracked rock.
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
KUWAIT 1,003,287
MICROSEISMIC MONITORING OF A MIDDLE EAST
CARBONATE RESERVOIR: MINAGISH SENSITIVITY TEST
RESULTS
E.Gaucher, C.Maisons, A.Y.Al-Kandari, K.Al-Atroshi and
J.M.Al-Kanderi (Magnitude; Kuwait Oil Co). 78TH ANNUAL SEG
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.PSC 2.4; Available
at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 1 ref; Expanded
abstract)
During the first quarter of 2006, a microseismic monitoring
pilot was implemented in Minagish field, Western Kuwait. The
target zone was the Minagish Oolite, a microporous carbonate
reservoir, about 350 ft thick and around 9,600 ft deep. The
monitoring string, an SST-500 wireline tool of four 3C-geophones,
was temporarily deployed in an abandoned well on the eastern
flank of the field. The purpose of the surveillance was (1) to assess
the occurrence of microseisms induced by the production operations
and especially the water injection along the flank; (2) to
characterize such microseismicity; and (3) to measure the effective
network sensitivity with depth. Such a microseismic pilot survey
should provide insight on the added-value that this monitoring
technique may bring to the production and reservoir engineering
management. During the 50 days of effective monitoring, about
2,000 microseisms were identified and 600 events with a magnitude
of -2.0 to 0.3 were located. The large majority was located on the
western side of a NNE-trending line as consistent with the
structure flank direction. A more detailed analysis also highlighted
clusters of microseisms between injection-production doublets. In
July 25, 2009

fact, one doublet was believed to be connected, which was
subsequently confirmed. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
LOUISIANA
INTERPRETATION OF MICROSEISMICITY INDUCED BY A
GEL AND A WATER FRACTURING IN TIGHT GAS
RESERVOIR
C.Dinske, S.Shapiro and J.T.Rutledge (Berlin Freie Univ; Los
Alamos National Lab). 78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL
MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL
PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.PSC 2.3; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 7 refs; Expanded
abstract)
We analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of hydraulic
fracturing induced microseismicity. We present a model that
describes the growth of a hydraulic fracture and its corresponding
microseismic event cloud as a geometry and diffusion controlled
process. This model contributes to estimate important parameters
of the fractured area and the reservoir as well, and to a better
understanding of underlying physical processes. We apply the
model to well documented datasets from fracturing experiments in
Cotton Valley tight gas reservoir. The treatments were performed
with different parameters, e.g., type of treatment fluid, injection
flow rate, total volume of fluid and of proppant. In case of a gel-
based fracturing, the r-t diagram of microseismicity shows
signatures of fracture volume growth, fracturing fluid loss as well
as a diffusion of the injection pressure. In contrast, in a water-
based fracturing the volume creation growth and the diffusion
controlled growth of the microseismic event cloud are not clearly
separated from each other. However, interpretation of induced
seismicity for both the gel as well as the water treatment resulted
in very similar estimates of fracture geometry and hydraulic
properties of the reservoir. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
MAGNETIC EXPLORATION
PROPERTIES OF PARTIAL THERMOREMANENCE IN
MAGNETITE: TESTING THE BLOCKING
UNBLOCKING TEMPERATURE SPECTRUM USING THE
PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL
Y.Yu (Chungnam National Univ).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH v.114, no.B4, 4/4/2009. (ISSN
0148-0227; Citation no.B04101; 10 pp; Over 10 refs)
To better understand the fundamentals of Thellier-type
absolute geomagnetic field intensity determinations, a map of χ was
constructed from the experimental blocking versus unblocking
relation. Once constructed, the map of χ can predict the outcome of
a Thellier experiment. Thellier predictions were compared with an
independent Thellier experiment. The contribution from low- and
high-temperature partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM)
tails increased as the grain size of magnetite increased, indicating a
progressive violation of pTRM reciprocity in the multi-domain (MD)
range. Such a violation of reciprocity with increasing grain size
generated enhancement of down-sagging features in Arai plots, a
primary reason for the failure of Thellier experiments. As
anticipated, MD magnetites displayed broad unblocking spectra,
while single-domain grains showed a narrow inflection. Overall, the
mapping of χ was useful in predicting key features in the Thellier
experiment. However, as the grain size increased, there was a
growing discrepancy between prediction and experiments, possibly
caused by the initial state dependence of pTRM intensity.
................................................................
MAGNETIC EXPLORATION
A NEW GLOBAL MARINE MAGNETIC ANOMALY DATA SET
Y.Quesnel, M.Catalan and T.Ishihara (CEREGE; Armada Real
Inst Observ). JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH v.114,
no.B4, 4/4/2009. (ISSN 0148-0227; Citation no.B04106; 11 pp; Over
10 refs)
The geophysical data system (GEODAS) stores more than 20
million magnetic measurements acquired over oceans and seas
since the 1950s. Usually, the original total field (TF) and magnetic
anomaly values are both stored. The anomaly results from the
July 25, 2009
GEOPHYSICS
subtraction of the core and external magnetic field estimates from
TF values. The most recent international geomagnetic reference
field models available at the time of the surveys were used to
estimate the core field component (these models were revised later).
1,003,288 External fields were estimated from magnetic observatory data.
However, most of the measurements were not corrected for the
external fields. We use comprehensive models to properly remove
the core and external magnetic fields from all original TF
measurements stored in the GEODAS. A track-by-track analysis of
the data is necessary mainly to correct or to remove many shifted
values as well as to reduce the noise in some track lines. Two
additional processes are applied to obtain a data set coherent over
the world. It includes an adjustment of long-wavelength magnetic
anomalies using the national geophysical data center (NGDC)-720
model, plus a line leveling method which mainly reduced some
inconsistencies between different surveys.
................................................................
MEXICO GULF 1,003,291
ONE-DIMENSIONAL PRESTACK SEISMIC WAVEFORM
INVERSION USING ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER
L.Jin, M.K.Sen and P.L.Stoffa (Texas Univ, Austin). 78TH
ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV,
11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SI
2.7; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10
refs; Expanded abstract)
We propose an ensemble Kalman filter based one-dimensional
prestack seismic waveform inversion method for estimating elastic
parameters. The basic idea is that the offset or incident angle
dependent data are inverted sequentially, which is similar to the
process of time dependent data being used sequentially in
petroleum engineering or groundwater hydrology. The proposed
method is tested with a synthetic data using both flat and good
initial models. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
1,003,289 MEXICO GULF 1,003,292
WAVEFORM INVERSION IN THE LAPLACE-FOURIER
VERSUS DOMAIN
C.Shin and Y.H.Cha (Seoul National Univ). GEOPHYSICAL
JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3, pp.1067-1079, June
JOURNAL OF 2009. (ISSN 0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
Since the pioneering work of Tarantola, waveform inversion has
emerged as a tool for estimating velocity models of the subsurface
using pre-stack seismic data. The waveform inversions have
usually been performed in the time or frequency domain, but this
can make it difficult to recover long-wavelength components of the
velocity model due to the high non-linearity of the objective
function and the lack of low-frequency components in the field data.
Instead, it has been recently suggested that Laplace-domain
waveform inversion can circumvent these limitations. By using the
zero-frequency component of the damped wavefield, the Laplace-
domain waveform inversion can recover long-wavelength structures
of the velocity model even if low-frequency components less than 5
Hz are unreliable or would be unusable in conventional inversions.
The main drawback is that the penetration depth of the Laplace-
domain inversion depends on the offset distance and the choice of
Laplace damping constants. In this paper, we propose an improved
Laplace-Fourier domain waveform inversion to compensate for
these weak points. This is accomplished by exploiting low
frequency components (less than 5 Hz) of the damped wavefield.
................................................................
MIGRATION (SEISMIC) 1,003,293
1,003,290
REVERSE TIME MIGRATION IMAGING AND MODEL
ESTIMATION
P.Farmer, Z.Z.Zhou and D.Jones (GX Technology). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19879; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp; 5 refs)
The key depth imaging technology addressed in this article is
reverse time migration (RTM). It will be compared to Kirchhoff,
beam and other wave equation migration (WEM) techniques. There
will be an emphasis on reducing exploration cycle time and risk.
Petroleum Abstracts 35
GEOPHYSICS
Recent trends such as TTI anisotropy and wide azimuth
applications will also be discussed. RTM is most suitable in geologic
regimes that exhibit significant amounts of salt. Typically, there are
contrasts in velocity and steeply dipping features in this setting.
The key conclusion from this article is that by using RTM
throughout the imaging sequence, including model building, the
total cycle time of the project can be significantly reduced.
Exploration risk is also reduced by RTM because it produces
images that are more accurate in terms of structure and
amplitudes. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
MIGRATION (SEISMIC)
MULTI-STEP REVERSE TIME MIGRATION
Y.C.Kim, J.Ji, K.J.Yoon, B.Wang, Z.Li and W.Xu (TGS NOPEC
Geophysical Co). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE
[OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN
978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19875; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp; 4 refs)
Reverse-time migration (RTM), being based on the two-way
wave equation, can generate superior subsurface images in areas
where other migration methods based on the Kirchhoff integral or
the one-way wave equation cannot correctly image reflectors below
complex overburdens such as salt or basalt. In addition, because of
its ability to image reflection events that cannot be properly imaged
by other imaging techniques (e.g., prism waves), RTM can be used
for refining a velocity model. Thus, RTM is a tool of choice when
exploring targets below salt canopies or other complexly shaped
salt bodies. Despite considerable advances in computer technology,
however, the cost of running RTM is still very high. The amount of
computation far exceeds that of conventional one-way wave
equation migration (WEM). In addition, it requires a large amount
of core memory for computation. Thus, it is critical to speed up the
computation and reduce the amount of memory for production
usage of RTM. By dividing a velocity model into a few regions in
depth, we are able to substantially reduce the computation time
and the memory required to run RTM, thereby making RTM more
cost-effective for large-scale production applications. (Copyright
2009 OTC)
................................................................
MIGRATION (SEISMIC)
FULL-AZIMUTH ANGLE DOMAIN IMAGING
Z.Koren, I.Ravve, E.Ragoza, A.Bartana and D.Kosloff (Paradigm
Geophysical; Tel Aviv Univ). 78TH
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SPMI 2.2; Available
at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs;
Expanded abstract)
This work presents a new seismic imaging system for
generating and extracting high-resolution information about
subsurface angle dependent reflectivity, with simultaneous
emphasis on both continuous structural surfaces and discontinuous
objects, such as faults and small-scale fractures. The system
enables full-azimuth, angle-dependent seismic imaging using
reflection data recorded through seismic acquisition surveys,
especially wide-azimuth and long offset data. Geometrical
attributes, such as dip-azimuth and continuity of the local
reflecting surfaces, can be automatically extracted directly from the
full-azimuth angle gathers. Azimuthal anisotropy can be detected,
leading to an accurate anisotropy model representation. (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
MIGRATION (SEISMIC)
ANGLE-DOMAIN COMMON-IMAGE GATHERS IN
GENERALIZED COORDINATES
J.Shragge (Stanford Univ). 78TH ANNUAL SEG
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SPMI 2.3; Available
at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 8 refs; Expanded
abstract)
Angle-domain common-image gather (ADCIG) theory is
extended to migrations performed in generalized coordinate
systems and subsurface offset axes generated by nonlinear
36
wavefield shifts. I develop an expression linking the definition of
reflection opening angle to various geometric and shifting factors. I
demonstrate that, under certain circumstances, generalized
coordinate ADCIGs can be calculated directly using Fourier-based
offset-to-angle approaches. An elliptic coordinate example is given
to validate the theory. A method for eliminating geometric factors
from the ADCIG expression using judicious wavefield shifts is
derived; however, this approach likely is not computationally
advantageous in practice. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
MIGRATION (SEISMIC) 1,003,297
1,003,294
OPTIMIZING THE GROUPING OF SHOTS FOR SHOT-
RECORD MIGRATION
S.Morton, M.Shi, J.Leveille and M.Oyler (Hess Corp). 78TH
ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV,
11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper
no.SPMI 2.4; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 3
refs; Expanded abstract)
Shot-record pre-stack depth migration is a standard component
of our seismic imaging toolbox and has a cost proportional to the
number of shots migrated. A decade ago we migrated using one-way
approximations to wave propagation, commonly called wave-
equation migration, and frequently only used a fraction of the shots
to control the computational cost. Today, we routinely run multiple
iterations of wave-equation migration using all the shots. However,
reverse-time migration, using the more accurate two-way
propagation approximation, is very expensive with today’s
computers when all the shots are used. Rather than migrating a
subset of the shots, it is common today to combine nearby shots into
a super-shot which can be migrated at the cost of a single shot. One
simple method for creating a super-shot is to bin the shot locations.
In this paper, we present an algorithm for optimizing the grouping
of shots, generally resulting in fewer super-shots and/or less shot
movement when compared with shot binning. (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
NEW JERSEY 1,003,298
1,003,295 CHIRP SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA ON THE NEW
JERSEY MIDDLE AND OUTER SHELF: THE GEOLOGIC
RESPONSE TO 40,000 YEARS OF SEA LEVEL CHANGE
J.Goff, J.Austin, Jr., B.Christensen and A.Turgut (Texas Univ,
ANNUAL SEG Austin; US Naval Research Lab). 154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY
OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2983,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO5; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
NEW MEXICO 1,003,299
MICROSEISMIC SIGNATURES OF NONLINEAR PORE
PRESSURE DIFFUSION
N.Hummel and T.M.Mueller (Karlsruhe Univ). 78TH ANNUAL
SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.PSC 2.2; Available
at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs;
Expanded abstract)
Most fractured porous rocks show a strong dependence of their
fluid transport properties on the effective pressure and thus on the
pore pressure. Consequently the process of pore pressure diffusion
1,003,296 is governed by the nonlinear diffusion equation. Solutions of this
equation that correspond to fluid injection experiments are
analyzed and the associated microseismic signatures are explored.
In particular, it is shown that the process of nonlinear pore
pressure diffusion allows to define two triggering fronts. One
corresponds to the triggering of microseismic events without
changing the fluid transport properties significantly; another one
triggers the majority of microseismic events and that alters the
fluid transport properties significantly. For the Fenton Hill
hydrofrac experiment we demonstrate the existence of these
nonlinear pore pressure diffusion signatures. (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

NIGER DELTA AREA 1,003,300
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE DEEPWATER WEST
NIGER DELTA PASSIVE MARGIN FROM THE
INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA
S.E.Briggs, J.Cartwright and R.J.Davies (Cardiff Univ; Durham
Univ). MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY v.26, no.6,
pp.936-950, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172; Over 10 refs)
The interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data
complemented with gravity data allows the crustal architecture of
the deepwater west Niger Delta passive margin to be defined. The
data show that the area is underlain by oceanic crust that is
characterised by a thickness of 5-7 km and by internal reflectivity
consisting of both dipping and sub-horizontal reflectors. Some of the
dipping reflections can be traced up to the top of the basement
where they offset it across a series of minor to major thrust faults.
Other internal reflections are attributed to extensional shear zones
and possibly due to intrusions in the lower crust. The Moho can be
correlated as a discrete reflection over > 70% of the study area. It is
generally smooth, but localised relief of up to 1 km is observed. The
southeastern part of the study area is dominated by a zone of SW-
NE striking basement thrusts. The crustal thickness in the study
area is below the global average for a typical oceanic crust.
Generally the crust is thinnest around a major transform structure,
the Chain Fracture Zone, possibly related to the local geometry of
the spreading fabrics. There is no significant variation in the
thickness of the crust across this ocean-ocean transform in the
area. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NOISE REDUCTION 1,003,301
[R] ATTENUATING PARTICLE MOTION SENSOR NOISE IN
DUAL SENSOR TOWED MARINE SEISMIC STREAMERS
W.Sollner, X.P.Li and M.Widmaier, asrs. (PGS Geophysical AS).
Gr. Brit. 2,442,854A, p. 4/16/2008, f. 10/8/2007 (Appl. 0,719,614), pr.
U.S. 10/11/2006 (Appl. 546,448) (G01V-0001/36; G01V-0001/38). (36
pp) SRPA# 973,311
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #973,311]
................................................................
NOISE REDUCTION 1,003,302
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRE-INVERSION NOISE
ATTENUATION OF SEISMIC DATA
S.K.Chiu, R.A.Olson and C.W.Emmons, asrs. (ConocoPhillips
Co). World 2009/035,729A1, p. 3/19/2009, f. 5/22/2008 (Appl.
0,864,529), pr. U.S. 9/14/2007 (Appl. 855,776) (G01V-0001/00). (33
pp)
A method and apparatus for pre-inversion noise attenuation of
seismic data. The method can generally comprise (a) acquiring
seismic data including receiver data corresponding to vibratory
signals simultaneously generated by the multiple sources and
detected by at least one of the receivers at a location remote from
the sources and source data corresponding to the vibratory signals
detected at a location in proximity to the sources; (b) attenuating
noise present within at least a portion of the receiver data to
generate corrected receiver data; and (c) inverting the corrected
receiver data with the source data to separate the vibratory signals.
................................................................
NOISE REDUCTION 1,003,303
3D DEGHOSTING OF MULTICOMPONENT OR
OVER/UNDER STREAMER RECORDINGS USING CROSS-
LINE WAVENUMBER SPECTRA OF HYDROPHONE DATA
J.O.A.Robertsson, M.Vassallo, D.J.Van Manen and A.Ozbek,
asrs. (Schlumberger Canada Ltd; Geco Technology BV;
WesternGeco LLC). World 2009/035,787A2, p. 3/19/2009, f. 8/1/2008
(Appl. 0,871,959), pr. U.S. 9/10/2007 (Appl. 60/971,189) and U.S.
7/8/2008 (Appl. 169,260) (G01V-0001/38). (33 pp)
A technique includes obtaining pressure data that was acquired
by seismic sensors towed as part of a three-dimensional spread of
streamers and obtaining particle motion data, which are indicative
of particle motion at locations of the sensors. The technique
includes estimating cross-line spectra of the pressure data based at
least in part on the pressure data, and the technique includes
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOPHYSICS
deghosting the particle motion data based at least in part on the
estimated cross-line spectra.
................................................................
NORTH SEA 1,003,304
ESTIMATING THE HYDROCARBON VOLUME FROM
ELASTIC AND RESISTIVITY DATA: A CONCEPT
C.T.Gomez, J.Dvorkin and G.Mavko (Stanford Univ). THE
LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6, pp.710-712,714,716,718, June 2008.
(ISSN 1070-485X)
Estimating the volume of hydrocarbons in place, the product of
porosity and saturation, is a major problem in applied geophysics,
but the solution is not straightforward. Reflection seismology
depends on the contrasts of the elastic properties (impedance and
velocity) that are predominantly affected by porosity and
mineralogy. The elastic properties of a rock may also strongly
depend on whether it is wet or hydrocarbon-saturated. However,
their dependence on hydrocarbon saturation (if larger than zero
and smaller than one) is weak. As a result, interpreting seismic
data to quantify saturation is often difficult. On the other hand,
resistivity strongly reacts to a combination of porosity and
saturation, but the latter is impossible to estimate without making
an assumption about the former. Consequently, neither seismic nor
resistivity data, if analyzed separately, can provide the desired
estimate of hydrocarbons in place. The question remains: can these
two types of data be used together to address the problem? In this
paper, we discuss a physics-driven solution that combines two
theoretical models, one that relates the elastic-wave velocity to
porosity, mineralogy, and pore fluid and one that relates resistivity
to porosity and saturation.
................................................................
NORTH SEA 1,003,305
STRESS-DEPENDENT ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SHALES:
MEASUREMENT AND MODELING
M.Pervukhina, D.Dewhurst, B.Gurevich, U.Kuila, T.Siggins,
M.Raven and H.M.Nordgard Bolas (CSIRO Petroleum; Curtin Univ
Technology; Colorado Sch Mines). THE LEADING EDGE v.27,
no.6, pp.772-774,776,778-779, June 2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
Despite decades of research, current understanding of elastic
properties of shales is insufficient as it is based on a limited
number of observations caused by the time-consuming nature of
testing that results from their low permeability. Though it is well
known that shales are highly anisotropic and assumed to be
transversely isotropic (TI) media, few laboratory experiments have
been carried out for measuring the five elastic constants that define
TI media on well-preserved shales. Many previous measurements
were made without control of pore pressure, which is crucial for the
determination of shale elastic properties.
................................................................
NORTH SEA 1,003,306
SHALE ROCK PHYSICS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR AVO
ANALYSIS: A NORTH SEA DEMONSTRATION
P.Avseth, A.Draege, A.J.van Wijngaarden, T.A.Johansen and
A.Jorstad (Rock Physics Technology; StatoilHydro Global Explor;
Bergen Univ; Lundin (Norway)). THE LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6,
pp.788-790,792-794,796-797, June 2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
Shales normally constitute more than 80% of sediments and
sedimentary rocks in siliciclastic environments. Shales are
important both in controlling the overburden seismic wave
propagation as well as the reflectivity contrast between cap rocks
and reservoir rocks in prestack seismic data. Therefore, during
AVO analysis it is crucial to understand the seismic properties of
shales as a function of mineralogy and compaction. In this study,
we derive the local shale trend for a North Sea gas-and-oil field by
integrating rock physics modeling with well-log and seismic data
analysis.
................................................................
NORTHEAST ATLANTIC OCEAN 1,003,307
IDENTIFYING TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND
MINERALOGICAL EFFECTS ON CHEMICAL COMPACTION
IN SHALES BY ROCK PHYSICS RELATIONS
37
GEOPHYSICS
V.Storvoll and I.Brevik (StatoilHydro Research Ctr). THE
LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6, pp.750-752,754-756, June 2008. (ISSN
1070-485X)
The seismic response of a shale is a direct result of the original
mineral composition, textural configuration at deposition, and
degree of compaction. The aim of this article is to show how the
compactional processes and mineralogical effects can be directly
identified by rock physics techniques and to emphasize the
importance of having a thorough geological understanding when
doing rock physics analysis. To succeed, we must first understand
the fundamental relationships between sedimentology, the
compactional processes, and the expected rock physics response
that are not restricted to a particular basin or data set. To achieve
this, we used wireline logs from 100 wells on the mid-Norwegian
shelf to establish robust rock physics background trends in shales
that were compared with the local responses in and around a target
area. The target was the Tulipan well in the southwestern part of
the mid-Norwegian shelf where thick deposits from the glacial-
marine North Sea Fan are located.
................................................................
NORWEGIAN SEA 1,003,308
DATA PROCESSING OF MARINE MULTICOMPONENT
SEISMIC - A CASE STUDY OF 4-COMPONENT 2D OBC
DATA, OFFSHORE NORWAY
E.Asakawa and P.Ward (JGI Inc). BUTSURI-TANSA v.60, no.2,
pp.155-170, April 2007. (ISSN 0912-7984; 5 refs)
Multicomponent seismic technology has been improved
significantly with higher fidelity acquisition systems and more
advanced data analysis methods. Especially in marine seismic,
4-component ocean bottom cable (OBC) is practically applied for
reservoir characterization and exploration at the water depth of
more than 1000 m. Converted wave processing and interpretation
is a fairly new topic and there is a lack of data and expertise
around the world. Until now, the most common converted wave
data has been essentially 1-D, VSP and OBS (ocean bottom
seismometer) records. Recently there is an increasing use of
multicomponent OBC 2-D and 3-D surveys. They are especially
applied to evaluate reservoirs, because it has been revealed that P-
S converted waves can give valuable additional lithological
information. They also give clear reflections where the P-wave
reflections are poor due to a very small acoustic impedance
contrast. It is worthwhile that we introduce the actual processing of
the 4C line to discuss on P-S converted wave processing and later to
develop new tools and techniques in this rapidly evolving field.
................................................................
NORWEGIAN SEA 1,003,309
SHALLOW WATER 3D MULTIPLE ATTENUATION: A CASE
STUDY IN METHODS
B.Webb, N.Flesja, O.E.Kristiansen, A.F.Vignati and
H.A.Aronsen (WesternGeco; Eni E&P; StatoilHydro). WORLD OIL
v.230, no.6, pp.45-48, June 2009. (ISSN 0043-8790; 3 refs)
This article discusses the basic principles behind the surface-
related multiple elimination (SRME) technique and demonstrates
its effect on newly acquired data in August 2008 for Eni and
partners in the PL122/159C licenses in the Norwegian Sea. The use
of 3D SRME to attenuate multiples in a relatively shallow water-
bottom environment is examined. In addition, a 2D SRME is
compared with the newer 3D general surface multiple prediction
(GSMP) method.
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,310
3D PRESTACK FULL WAVEFORM INVERSION
D.Vigh, E.W.Starr and K.Dingwall (WesternGeco). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19897; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp; 11 refs)
During the last decade, seismic prestack depth imaging became
commonplace due to advances in compute capability and proven
return on investments. The early approaches using simplified
versions of the wave equation proved the value, despite the
relatively high computational demand. In many geologic situations
38 Petroleum Abstracts
these approaches remain adequate for the needs. Complex geology
however, exposed the limits of the approximations and methods. As
such, the industry responded with alternative algorithms, for
example Gaussian beam, wavefield extrapolation, and reverse-time
approaches. As well, acquisition methods improved, providing
enhanced azimuthal sampling for marine steamer surveys and
further challenges for the imaging algorithms. All depth imaging
depends on the velocity model. Everyone struggles to derive a
model that represents the geology and fits the assumptions of the
chosen imaging method. Full waveform inversion also requires
significant compute resources, given that multiple iterations of
forward modeling and residual wavefield back propagation must be
performed. This paper describes an implementation of a time-
domain 3D waveform inversion. Unlike frequency-domain
algorithms that use waveform redundancy to lower compute
requirements, this method functions efficiently on current computer
architecture. Most importantly, high-quality images result from
migrations using the model produced by numerous iterations of
waveform inversion. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,311
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL
INVERSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA
R.Mackie, asr. (Schlumberger Canada; Geco Technology BV).
World 2009/039,533A2, p. 3/26/2009, f. 11/12/2008 (Appl. 0,883,268),
pr. U.S. 9/20/2007 (Appl. 60/973,885) and U.S. 8/23/2008 (Appl.
197,239) (G01V-0003/08). (27 pp)
Methods and systems in accordance with this invention perform
three-dimensional inversion of electromagnetic data, such as
magnetotelluric (MT) data and controlled-source electromagnetic
(CSEM) data, and three-dimensional joint inversion of MT and
CSEM data. In exemplary embodiments, nonlinear conjugate
gradient (NLCG) methods are used in lieu of iterative, linearized
inversion, and line-search and preconditioning techniques are used
that accommodate and exploit the structure of the MCSEM and MT
problem.
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,312
COMPARISONS FOR WAVEFORM INVERSION, TIME
DOMAIN OR FREQUENCY DOMAIN?
D.Vigh and E.W.Starr (Staag Imaging LP). 78TH ANNUAL
SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SI 2.1; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs; Expanded
abstract)
The Earth model parameters are essential to hydrocarbon
exploration. In particular, the velocity representation of the
subsurface permanently engages creative minds to find ways to
derive more accurate fields. One of these tools is full waveform
inversion. This compute-intensive tool uses acquired seismic data
and forward modeling to obtain a velocity field in an iterative
manner. Since the mid-1980s, the geophysical community has been
devoting considerable research to waveform inversion. The
inversion can be implemented in either the time or frequency
domain. In this paper, we investigate the pros and cons for each
domain along with some discussion on their ability to be used for
3D surveys. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,313
FULL-WAVEFORM INVERSION RESULTS WHEN USING
ACOUSTIC APPROXIMATION INSTEAD OF ELASTIC
MEDIUM
C.Barnes and M.Charara (Cergy Pontoise Univ; Globe Inst
Physique). 78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING
(Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27,
2008. (Paper no.SI 2.2; Available at http://www.seg.org as of
2/13/2009; 5 pp; 3 refs; Expanded abstract)
Seismic marine data inversion is a very heavy process,
especially for the 3D seismic case. Often, approximations are made
to limit the number of physical parameters or to speed up the
forward modeling. Because the data are often dominated by
July 25, 2009

unconverted P waves, one popular approximation is to consider the
earth as purely acoustic: no shear modulus; even sometimes with
constant density. Non-linear waveform seismic inversion consists in
iteratively minimizing the misfit between the amplitudes of the
measured and the modeled data. Approximations, such as acoustic
medium, lead to model incorrectly the amplitudes of the seismic
waves, especially with respect to offset (AVO) and therefore have a
direct impact on the inversion results. For evaluation purposes, we
performed a series of inversions with different approximations and
different constraints where the synthetic data set to recover is
computed for a 1D elastic medium. The different physical
approximations go from an acoustic medium to a fully elastic
medium. The different geometrical constraints go from fixed
interface positions to full 2D inversion and for the data, from near
to far offset. As expected, the acoustic approximation is not minor
and it impacts the inversion results, in some cases drastically.
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,314
3D WAVEFORM INVERSION BASED ON REVERSE TIME
MIGRATION ENGINE
B.Gong, G.Chen, D.Yingst and R.Bloor (ION GX Technology).
78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas,
NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper
no.SI 2.3; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 6
refs; Expanded abstract)
We present a 3D waveform inversion operating in the time
domain and based on the modeling capability of our reverse time
migration (RTM). This system provides an accurate final velocity
model and imposes less strict requirements in terms of
computation/communication costs, shot/receiver numbers, starting
model, and human intervention. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,315
FULL ELASTIC WAVEFORM INVERSION: FUTURE OF
QUANTITATIVE SEISMIC IMAGING
S.Singh, T.Sears, M.Roberts, A.Gosselet, G.Royle and P.Baton
(Globe Inst Physique; Cambridge Univ). 78TH ANNUAL SEG
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SI 2.4; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 9 refs; Expanded
abstract)
Conventional method of seismic data analyses provide high-
quality seismic image, but the image remains qualitative. Elastic
full waveform inversion can provide quantitative measure of elastic
parameters, which can be used to quantify the lithology, fluid and
gas content, and excess pressure. Both travel-time and amplitude
information within shot domain data are used to invert for the
subsurface velocity, from a starting model containing the long
wavelength features. Although full waveform inversion is
computationally intense, the ability to invert for both P- and S-
wave velocity, in a data driven manner, makes the computational
burden worthwhile. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,316
COMBINING THE GRADUAL DEFORMATION METHOD
WITH SEISMIC FORWARD MODELING TO CONSTRAIN
RESERVOIR MODELS
A.Neau, P.Thore and B.de Voogd (Total France; Pau Univ).
78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas,
NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper
no.SI 2.5; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 4
refs; Expanded abstract)
In this paper, we propose a new methodology for seismic
inversion at the reservoir grid scale. The inversion engine adapts
the gradual deformation method (GDM) to seismic inversion. GDM
is a geostatistical technique, previously used in the field of history
matching, that allows to continuously modify reservoir realizations
while preserving spatial variability. The following steps describe
the workflow. (1) Combine the initial petroelastic properties in the
reservoir grid with an independent realization, according to the
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOPHYSICS
principles of GDM. (2) Condition the new realization with well logs.
(3) Simulate the synthetic seismic. The misfit between actual and
synthetic data is given by the objective function. (4) Minimize the
objective function by perturbing the gradual deformation
coefficient. (5) Assign the optimized realization as the new initial
one. This loop is performed until the match with the actual seismic
data is satisfactory. We show that the basic GDM formulation gives
promising results on a synthetic test case for seismic inversion in a
reservoir model. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,317
STOCHASTIC SEISMIC INVERSION USING BOTH
WAVEFORM AND TRAVELTIME DATA AND ITS
APPLICATION TO TIME-LAPSE MONITORING
Y.Quan and J.M.Harris (Stanford Univ). 78TH ANNUAL SEG
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SI 2.6; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 8 refs; Expanded
abstract)
A stochastic approach to seismic inversion using the ensemble
Kalman filter (EnKF) is proposed. Seismic depth and time image
data are used as the input for EnKF stochastic seismic inversion.
The sonic log is used to estimate source wavelet and create initial
models for the inversion, which provides an efficient integration of
sonic log data and seismic data. We use both traveltime and
waveform data for the inversion and obtain the absolute seismic
velocity instead of the relative impedance. EnKF can continuously
update the model using time-lapse data. A synthetic example is
used to demonstrate the possible application to seismic monitoring.
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,318
VELOCITY ANALYSIS WITH MULTIPLES - NMO
MODELING FOR LAYERED VELOCITY STRUCTURES
T.van Leeuwen and W.A.Mulder (Delft Univ Technol; Shell Int
Explor & Prod). 78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL
MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL
PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SI 2.8; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs; Expanded
abstract)
Several methods exist to invert for a velocity model from
seismic data. Most commonly used methods are defined in the
image domain. However, some methods that are defined in the data
domain also exist. In this paper we review and compare a few
methods on synthetic data, using the convolutional model and
NMO traveltimes to model the data. Special attention will be given
to the behavior of the different methods in the presence of
multiples. In traditional MVA methods these usually pose a
problem since multiples are not flattened or focused for the correct
velocity model. In the data domain, multiples do focus for the
correct velocity model if they are correctly modeled. This is
illustrated with a simple example. Another simple example
illustrates how ideas from waveform inversion and data-domain
velocity analysis can be combined to obtain the correct velocity
model and reflectivity from synthetic data with multiples. (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
NUMERICAL INVERSION 1,003,319
PRESTACK FULL WAVEFORM INVERSION FOR
ESTIMATING ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MARINE
SEDIMENTS
M.Sen (Texas Univ, Austin). 154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY
OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2982,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO3; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
39
GEOPHYSICS
OMAN 1,003,320
EIGHT YEARS OF PASSIVE SEISMIC MONITORING AT A
PETROLEUM FIELD IN OMAN: A CASE STUDY
S.Sarkar, H.S.Kuleli, M.N.Toksoz, H.Zhang, O.Ibi, F.Al-Kindy
and N.Al Touqi (Massachusetts Inst Technol; Petroleum
Development Oman). 78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL
MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL
PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.PSC 2.5; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 5 refs; Expanded
abstract)
We present a case history of passive seismic monitoring with
location and characterization of earthquakes induced by oil and gas
production and water injection at a petroleum field in Oman.
Locating induced seismic events with reasonable accuracy is key to
the success of reservoir monitoring using this technology. To this
end we present methods suitable for oil/gas field conditions and test
and compare these with conventional methods using both synthetic
and actual field data. We applied our methods to analyze and locate
about 1500 seismic events, recorded by a near-surface seismic
network in the field over the past 8 years. We used a detailed
velocity model of the reservoir derived from well-logs, in
conjunction with a location method developed in-house to locate
these events. Location of these events suggests a strong correlation
of induced seismicity with compaction of reservoir due to gas
production, and reactivation of preexisting faults in the field.
(Longer abstract available)
................................................................
PACIFIC OCEAN 1,003,321
ROCK PHYSICS INTERPOLATION USED FOR VELOCITY
MODELING OF CHALKS: ONTONG JAVA PLATEAU
EXAMPLE
M.R.Saberi and T.A.Johansen (Bergen Univ). 78TH ANNUAL
SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP 2.8; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs; Expanded
abstract)
Pore geometries of carbonates are more complex than that of
siliciclastics. This complexity makes their velocity interpretation
and consequently their reservoir characterization more difficult
than for sandstones. In this paper, we try to reduce this complexity
by combing geological information and rock physics modeling. This
strategy leads to a predictive model for pore aspect ratio changes
within the whole area. Well and core data from Ontong Java
plateau, which has been drilled by DSDP/ODP project are used to
examine this approach. The pore texture seems to follow a
predictive pattern in chalks of Ontong Java plateau and it can be
predicted and modeled by geology information. (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
PETROPHYSICS 1,003,322
WHAT IS SHALE TO A PETROPHYSICIST?
K.Katahara (Devon Energy). THE LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6,
pp.738-741, June 2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
What is a shale? In a recent presentation to the Geophysical
Society of Houston, Rune Holt attempted to answer the question by
listing three attributes of a shale. (1) Clay minerals should
constitute the load-bearing framework. (2) Shales have nanometer
pore sizes and nanodarcy permeability. (3) Surface area is large,
and water is adsorbed on surfaces or bound inside clay platelets.
This is a good definition of shales, but perhaps a typical
geophysicist may not know how to apply it in practice with typical
data sets. In particular, a geophysicist often has no core data and is
limited to well logs. This article describes how petrophysicists
traditionally distinguish sands from shales using typical well logs
in clastic sections. Only lean shales with minimal organic content
are considered here.
................................................................
PETROPHYSICS 1,003,323
ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CLAY MINERALS
N.H.Mondol, J.Jahren, K.Bjorlykke and I.Brevik (Oslo Univ;
40 Petroleum Abstracts
StatoilHydro). THE LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6,
pp.758-760,762-764,766,768-770, June 2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
Clay minerals are the most abundant materials in sedimentary
basins. The most common--like kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and
smectite--are found in various amounts in mudstones and are also
often found in clastic and nonclastic reservoir rocks. Their presence
alters the elastic behavior of reservoir rocks significantly as a
function of mineral type, volume and distribution. Thus, two
sandstones with the same clay amount might have different elastic
properties due to differences within the clay population. The elastic
properties of clay minerals are therefore important in rock physics
modeling to understand the seismic and sonic log responses of
shaley sequences and clay-bearing reservoir rocks.
................................................................
PETROPHYSICS 1,003,324
EMERGING METHODOLOGIES TO CHARACTERIZE THE
ROCK PHYSICS PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC-RICH
SHALES
T.Vanorio, T.Mukerji and G.Mavko (Stanford Rock Physics Lab).
THE LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6, pp.780-782,784,786-787, June
2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
The high price of conventional oil and the ensuing focus on the
security of hydrocarbon supplies is a clear signal for broader uses of
unconventional sources of oil and gas. Organic-rich shales
represent an enormous potential unconventional resource; the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates the world
supply of oil shale at 2.6 trillion barrels of recoverable oil. The U.S.
owns by far the largest amount (1-1.2 trillion barrels), mainly near
the common borders of Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado, where much
of the resource occurs at a saturation of about 10% by weight in
layers that are 30-300 m thick (National Petroleum Council, 2007).
................................................................
PETROPHYSICS 1,003,325
EFFECTIVE STRESS COEFFICIENT IN SHALES AND ITS
APPLICABILITY TO EATON’S EQUATION
R.Sarker and M.Batzle (Colorado Sch Mines). THE LEADING
EDGE v.27, no.6, pp.798-800,802-804, June 2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
Pore pressure within formations determines the mud weight
required to build a balancing fluid pressure downhole. An improper
understanding of the subsurface geology and the formation
pressures may result in fracturing the formation if the mud weight
is too high. In contrast, if mud weight is too low, then formation
fluids can flow into the well, potentially leading to well blowouts if
not controlled. Complex geological settings make pore-pressure
prediction difficult and often inaccurate due to uncertainty in
pressure-generating mechanisms. Estimation of proper pore
pressures is necessary for designing stable holes and an optimized
casing program. In exploration, knowledge of pore pressures can
assist in assessing seal effectiveness and in high-grading reservoir
sweet spots. It also provides useful calibration information for basin
modeling. Hence, it becomes very important to accurately predict
pore pressures.
................................................................
Q MEASURING 1,003,326
INTRINSIC P- AND S-WAVE ATTENUATION OF
CARBONATE RESERVOIR ROCKS FROM SEISMIC, SONIC,
TO ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES
G.Chen, D.Chu, J.Zhang, S.Xu, M.A.Payne, L.Adam and
W.L.Soroka (ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co; Colorado Sch Mines;
Abu Dhabi Co Onshore Oper). 78TH ANNUAL SEG
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP 2.5; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 5 refs; Expanded
abstract)
New measurements of P- and S-wave velocity dispersion in
carbonate reservoir rocks from seismic (< 100 Hz) to sonic (ca 10
kHz) and ultrasonic (ca 1 MHz) frequencies were analyzed to derive
the frequency-domain intrinsic attenuation spectrum. Three rock
samples were analyzed, all with porosity in the same range: one
sample had high permeability and two had low permeability. We
used the standard linear solid model to describe the twin
July 25, 2009

relationship between velocity dispersion and attenuation. The
analysis led to the following observations. (1) P-wave attenuation
(1/Qp) and S-wave attenuation (1/Qs) are similar in each of the
frequency bands (seismic, sonic, ultrasonic): 1/Qp ca 1/Qs. (2) The
attenuation spectrum in each frequency band has an associated
characteristic relaxation distance. (3) For a given carbonate
reservoir rock, attenuation in the ultrasonic frequency band can be
anomalously high (Q ca 1) but still be normal (Q ca 10-100) in the
seismic frequency band. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
A FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF
COEFFICIENT VARIABILITY DUE TO INTERFACE
ROUGHNESS
R.A.Yarbrough and M.J.Isakson (Texas Univ, Austin). 154TH
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans,
LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF
THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
p.2974, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2aUWa6; Abstract
only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
REFLECTION PROFILING
PERFORMANCE OF A CHIRP SONAR SUB-BOTTOM
PROFILER FOR DIFFERENT BOTTOM TYPES
A.Turgut (US Naval Research Lab). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2983,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO8; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
RESERVOIR MODEL
CARBONATE ROCK PHYSICS: GEOPHYSICAL AND
PETROPHYSICAL PORE TYPES OF CARBONATE ROCKS
FROM AN OFFSHORE CARBONATE FIELD
R.Sain, G.Chen, S.Xu, M.A.Payne and A.A.Sultan (Stanford
Univ; ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co; Zakum Development Co).
78TH ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas,
NV, 11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper
no.RP 2.2; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 6
refs; Expanded abstract)
Acoustic velocities from core samples and sonic logs from an
offshore carbonate oil field were analyzed to examine the validity of
an analytical carbonate rock physics model (Xu et al., 2007) that
was developed by modifying the original Xu-White (1995) model.
The model assumes idealized ellipsoidal pores of different aspect
ratios (short axis/long axis of the ellipsoidal cavity). It uses three
pore types to abstractly represent the acoustic and pressure
response of carbonate reservoir rocks: crack-like pores with a low
aspect ratio, reference pores that serve as the background trend,
and stiff pores with a high aspect ratio. We examined the validity of
the model by simultaneously fitting Vp and Vs data by adjusting
the volumetric fraction of the three pore types. The results showed
that this simplified model could be used to fit the sonic data to
within 2% over large reservoir intervals that include different
carbonate rocks with porosity varying from below 10% to above
30%. The model describes the nonlinear variation of Vp/Vs ratio
with porosity. Our favorable relation between inversion results and
thin-section determined petrophysical pore systems may enable us
to use such inversions to predict petrophysical pore types and facies
for carbonate reservoir rocks. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
RESERVOIR MODEL
OOMOLDIC CARBONATES: PORE STRUCTURE AND
FLUID EFFECTS ON SONIC VELOCITY
G.T.Baechle, G.P.Eberli, A.Boyd, J.M.DeGrange and L.Al-
Kharusi (ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co; Miami Univ, Florida;
Schlumberger Doll Research; Occidental Petroleum Corp). 78TH
ANNUAL SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV,
July 25, 2009
GEOPHYSICS
11/9-14/2008) TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP
2.3; Available at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 7 refs;
Expanded abstract)
In order to model the effect of oil/gas production or CO2
injection at the seismic scale, we have to understand the effects of
pore structure, pressure and fluid changes on velocity at the
laboratory scale. To reach this goal, we measured carbonate rocks
with a suite of miscible fluids, simulating the entire range of
reservoir fluid moduli from light to heavy oils. In our experiments,
compressional velocity (Vp) and shear wave velocity (Vs) are
simultaneously measured at a frequency of 1 MHz and under
1,003,327 increasing effective stress from 3 MPa to 30 MPa. We observe large
variations in velocities between 3200 m/s and 6500 m/s and a large
REFLECTION
scatter in the P-wave velocity-porosity relationship. The P-wave
velocity shows up to 2000 m/s difference at a given porosity. The
velocity increases between 250 and 750 m/s as pressure increases
from 3 to 30 MPa. The bulk of the samples show increasing Vp/Vs
ratios with pressurization, up to values between 1.7 and 1.84. The
ratio of normalized bulk versus shear modulus ranges from 0.7 to
0.9. Twenty-one oomoldic carbonate samples with nearly spherical
pores show a weak correlation between velocity and porosity under
dry conditions. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
RESERVOIR MODEL 1,003,331
1,003,328
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE
ELASTIC PROPERTIES TO PRESSURE ON CARBONATE
ROCKS
C.Scotellaro and G.Mavko (Stanford Univ). 78TH ANNUAL
SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP 2.4; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs; Expanded
abstract)
The complex pore structure of carbonate rocks controls their
velocity-pressure dependence, resulting in a wide range of pore
1,003,329 compressibility. This complexity calls for a proper prediction of
carbonate reservoir properties due to changes in the stress during
drilling and production. A comprehensive laboratory study on 247
carbonate samples has been previously undertaken to understand
how mineral composition, pore type, and rock-fluid chemical
interactions control seismic wave propagation. This study described
the roles of pore type and mineral composition on the large scatter
observed around the main velocity-porosity trend, and the
suitability of Gassmann’s theory to quantify fluid effects on velocity
of carbonate rocks. During those studies a scatter in the pore
stiffness versus porosity plot for the low porosity plugs was
observed. The goal of this study is to understand the main cause of
such a scatter and to start a systematic study of the control of the
pore type on the sensitivity of elastic wave velocity to pressure
changes. (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
RESERVOIR MODEL 1,003,332
WATER WEAKENING OF ELASTIC MODULI OF
CARBONATES INTERPRETED BY USE OF ISO-FRAME
MODELING
I.L.Fabricius, G.T.Baechle and G.P.Eberli (Denmark Tech Univ;
Miami Univ, Florida; Rosenstiel Sch Marine Sci). 78TH ANNUAL
SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.RP 2.7; Available at
http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; 9 refs; Expanded
abstract)
Elastic moduli of water saturated sedimentary rocks have in
some cases been found to be lower than what would be expected
from Gassmann-substitution of moduli for rocks in the dry state.
Such water weakening of elastic moduli of carbonate sedimentary
rocks may be discussed by effective medium modeling. In the
1,003,330 present case we use the iso-frame model, which is based on upper
Hashin-Shtrikman bounds for mixtures of a stiff carbonate frame
and a suspension of carbonate particles in fluid. The proportion of
carbonate in the frame is given as the iso-frame value ranging from
zero to one. We model ultrasonic compressional wave and shear
wave data for dry and water saturated samples from a range of
geological settings. Our modeling indicates that water weakening is
related to permeability. Samples with permeability up to 1 mD have
Petroleum Abstracts 41
GEOPHYSICS
relatively high water weakening possibly as a consequence of fluid
interaction with the relatively frequent crystal contacts in the low-
permeability samples. For samples with permeability above 100
mD, we find a stiffening of water saturated samples. (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
RESERVOIR MONITORING 1,003,333
TOWARDS THE E-FIELD: CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF
PORE FLUID PHASE USING HORIZONTAL WELLS
B.J.Evans, B.Hartley and N.Keshavarz (Curtin Univ; Res Inst
Petrol Ind (Iran)). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW
AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119681; Available on CD-ROM; 6 pp; 7
refs)
Recent research has shown that seismic methods can show
subtle changes in pore fluid phase which enhances the potential for
long-term monitoring where pore pressure is reducing, where
injected water or CO2 flood options have been chosen, and areas
where gas is being replaced by water. If we can join the use of slim-
hole horizontal sensor cables with this recent demonstration of the
detection of phase changes, then we have the tools for the first
applied e-field scenario. During 2007, laboratory tests injecting
different amounts of CO2 into pore water showed that by
monitoring the seismic transmission through a simulated rock,
there was a change in seismic frequency response and transmission
amplitude. Physical modeling has shown that a horizontal slim-
hole well drilled to test the ability to put sensors in a horizontal
well can then be used for remote reservoir surveillance. A seismic
source which walks around at the surface produces data which is
then processed to produce an indication that this method can be
used as a first step for determining pore fluid properties over an
area. This paper presents the results of the experiments on pore
fluid phase and discusses how the use of horizontal wells allows the
ability to develop the e-field concept towards reality. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
RUSSIA 1,003,334
A METHOD FOR STUDYING THE SPACE-VARIANT
ATTENUATION OF THE ENERGY OF SEISMIC WAVES IN
THE EARTH’S CRUST
E.Yu.Goshko and S.M.Zerkal (Siberian Res Inst Geology;
Sobolev Inst Mathematics). DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES v.419,
no.2, pp.347-351, Feb.-March 2008. (ISSN 1028-334X; 8 refs)
Ultradeep seismic investigations are currently carried out
using the common depth point (CDP) method over a network of
reference profiles covering the entire territory of Russia. These
investigations are characterized by a large volume of data
(thousands of linear kilometers of seismic sections) with a recording
time exceeding 20 s. We suggest a method of obtaining quantitative
estimates of the space-variant attenuation of wave energy in the
Earth’s crust based on the study of the amplitude spectra of local
wavetrains as one of the possible methods for solving the inverse
dynamic seismic problem of ultra-deep CDP data. The method was
realized in the original specialized StreamSDS software including
two main packages. According to our algorithm, the first package
searches individual wavetrains based on the maxima of the
envelope curve of the seismic trace modulus. The second package of
the StreamSDS software envisages calculation of the amplitude
spectrum for each element of the matrix of wavetrains and then
organization of the cube of spectral amplitudes in space (t, x, f): the
temporal and horizontal coordinates of the seismic profile and
frequency.
................................................................
SEDIMENT PROPERTY 1,003,335
A DIRECT INVERSION SCHEME TO OBTAIN SEDIMENT
SOUND SPEED AND DENSITY IN SHALLOW WATER
K.M.Becker (Pennsylvania State Univ). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2941,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aAO4; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
42 Petroleum Abstracts
SEDIMENT PROPERTY 1,003,336
IMPROVED PERTURBATIVE INVERSION SCHEMES FOR
OBTAINING BOTTOM GEOACOUSTIC PROPERTIES IN
SHALLOW WATER
M.S.Ballard and K.M.Becker (Pennsylvania State Univ).
154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New
Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122,
no.5, pt.2, p.2941, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aAO8;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEDIMENT PROPERTY 1,003,337
ACOUSTIC TO SEISMIC SIGNATURES OF LAYERED
NEAR-SURFACE SOIL
W.Howard and C.J.Hickey (MIL-TEC; Mississippi Univ). 154TH
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans,
LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF
THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
p.3060, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.4aPA3; Abstract
only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING 1,003,338
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING AND VISUALIZATION
A.J.Krueger, H.J.Poelen and B.A.Barran, asrs. (Headwave Inc).
World 2009/039,422A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/19/2008 (Appl. 0,877,094),
pr. U.S. 9/21/2007 (Appl. 60/974,285) (G01V-0001/00). (62 pp)
A method of processing seismic data includes storing in a single
file structure a first type of data representing an inline location, a
second type of data representing a crossline location, and a third
type of data representing at least one of a depth and time, said
first, second and third type of data each being associated with a
horizon of a poststack seismic trace at a location defined by said
inline location and said crossline location; and storing in said single
file structure at least a fourth type of data representing an
attribute associated with said horizon of said poststack seismic
trace at said location.
................................................................
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING 1,003,339
COMPLEX ANALYSIS OF KINEMATICS FOR NON-
HYPERBOLIC MOVEOUT CORRECTIONS
A.Berkovitch, N.Scharff and I.Belfer, asrs. (Geomage 2003 Ltd).
World 2009/034,567A2, p. 3/19/2009, f. 8/21/2008 (Appl. 0,801,147),
pr. U.S. 9/11/2007 (Appl. 900,243) (G01V-0001/36). (35 pp)
A computer-implemented method for processing data includes
receiving a collection of traces corresponding to signals received
over time at multiple locations due to reflection of seismic waves
from subsurface structures. A measure of correlation among the
traces as is computed a function of a set of wavefront parameters,
which determine respective moveout corrections to be applied in
aligning the traces. A matrix having at least three dimensions is
generated, wherein the elements of the matrix include the
computed measure of the correlation. Using the matrix, values of
the wavefront parameters are identified automatically or
interactively along the time axis or along selected horizons to
maximize the measure of the correlation, and a seismic image of
the subsurface structures is generated by aligning and integrating
the traces using the moveout corrections that are determined by
the identified values of the wavefront parameters.
................................................................
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING 1,003,340
SEMIAUTOMATED RELATIVE PICKING OF
MICROSEISMIC EVENTS
D.Raymer, J.Rutledge and P.Jaques (Schlumberger Cambridge
Res; Los Alamos National Lab; Geoware Ltd). 78TH ANNUAL
SEG INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.PSC 2.8; Available
at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 4 pp; Expanded abstract)
July 25, 2009

A high-precision semiautomated relative picking methodology
is developed and applied to a dataset of microseismic events from
hydraulic fracturing. Comparison with locations from manual
high-precision picking is made and found to give similar results,
but with significantly faster processing times. Applying relative
picking techniques improves consistency of picking between events,
therefore, improving the relative locations. This results in improved
resolution of the layers and faults where the microseismic events
are occurring, making subsequent interpretation easier. (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING 1,003,341
METHODS OF HYDROCARBON DETECTION USING
WAVELET DOMINANT FREQUENCY AND A MEASURE OF
ENERGY LOSS ON THE HIGH-FREQUENCY SIDE OF
WAVELET DOMINANT FREQUENCY
R.W.Wiley, S.W.Peters and P.H.Wilson, asrs. (Apex Spectral
Technol Inc). World 2009/042,355A2, p. 4/2/2009, f. 9/2/2008 (Appl.
0,874,996), pr. U.S. 9/24/2007 (Appl. 903,602) (G01V-0001/40;
G01V-0001/28). (24 pp)
A method in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
includes obtaining seismic trace data for a region of interest;
processing the seismic trace data to calculate at least one spectrum
for at least one sample from the seismic data; calculating at least
one dominant frequency (CQD) for the at least one spectrum;
calculating at least one measure of energy loss at frequencies above
the at least one dominant frequency (QD) on the at least one
spectrum; and locating a hydrocarbon reservoir in the region of
interest using the at least one dominant frequency (CQD) and the
at least one measure of energy loss.
................................................................
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING 1,003,342
4D+ PRESTACK SEISMIC DATA STRUCTURE, AND
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING 4D+
PRESTACK SEISMIC DATA
C.Peng and S.Vautier. U.S. 2009/0,037,114A1, p. 2/5/2009, f.
7/30/2007 (Appl. 829,982) (G01V-0001/28). (16 pp)
Methods, apparatus and products for processing 4D+ prestack
seismic data having the form of 3D prestack gathers, single fold 3D
volumes, and a mapping table to link the gathers and the volumes
coherently.
................................................................
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING 1,003,343
RECEIVER FUNCTION DECOMPOSITION OF OBC DATA:
THEORY
P.Edme and S.C.Singh (Schlumberger Cambridge Res; Globe
Inst Physique). GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
v.177, no.3, pp.966-977, June 2009. (ISSN 0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
This paper deals with theoretical aspects of wavefield
decomposition of ocean bottom cable (OBC) data in the τ-p domain,
considering a horizontally layered medium. We present both the
acoustic decomposition and elastic decomposition procedures in a
simple and compatible way. Acoustic decomposition aims at
estimating the primary upgoing P wavefield just above the ocean-
bottom, whereas elastic decomposition aims at estimating the
primary upgoing P and S wavefields just below the ocean-bottom.
Specific issues due to the interference phenomena at the receiver
level are considered. Our motivation is to introduce the two-step
decomposition scheme called receiver function (RF) decomposition
that aims at determining the primary upgoing P and S wavefields
(RFP and RFS, free of any water layer multiples). We show that
elastic decomposition is a necessary step (acting as pre-
conditioning) before applying the multiple removal step by
predictive deconvolution. We show the applicability of our
algorithm on a synthetic data example.
................................................................
SEISMIC MODEL 1,003,344
THEORY FOR ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION IN MARINE
SEDIMENT CONTAINING GAS BUBBLES WHICH MAY
PULSATE IN A NON-STATIONARY NONLINEAR MANNER
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
GEOPHYSICS
T.G.Leighton (Southampton Univ). GEOPHYSICAL
RESEARCH LETTERS v.34, no.17, 9/16/2007. (ISSN 0094-8276;
Citation no.L17607; 4 pp; Over 10 refs)
While there is a considerable body of work in the literature on
the theory of acoustic propagation in marine sediments, the
incorporation of gas bubbles into such theories is done with the
inclusion of assumptions which severely limit the applicability of
those models to practical gas-laden marine sediments. This paper
provides a theory which does not assume that the bubble dynamics
are linear, steady-state and monochromatic. Such assumptions
would be incompatible with many of the practical acoustic fields
with which sediments are insonified today. These fields are
necessarily high amplitude to provide adequate signal-to-noise
ratios, given the high attenuation in gassy marine sediments; and
often they utilise short pulses to obtain range resolution. This
paper provides a theory appropriate for predicting the acoustically
driven non-stationary nonlinear dynamics of spherical gas bubbles
embedded in a lossy elastic solid, and discusses how this could be
incorporated into a nonlinear, time-dependent propagation model.
................................................................
SEISMIC MODEL 1,003,345
TARGET ORIENTED FULL-WAVE EQUATION BASED
ILLUMINATION ANALYSIS
H.Yang, S.B.Xie, M.Luo and S.Jin (Calif Univ, Santa Cruz;
Screen Imaging Technol Inc). 78TH ANNUAL SEG
INTERNATIONAL MEETING (Las Vegas, NV, 11/9-14/2008)
TECHNICAL PROGRAM v.27, 2008. (Paper no.SPMI 2.1; Available
at http://www.seg.org as of 2/13/2009; 5 pp; Over 10 refs;
Expanded abstract)
We propose a full-wave equation based illumination analysis
method with target oriented capability. The full-wave finite-
difference propagator is used to extrapolate the source and receiver
side wavefields to the subsurface target area. A time-domain local-
slowness analysis method is used to decompose the wavefields into
local angle domain. The local illumination matrix can be
constructed and different types of illumination measurements can
be derived. This illumination analysis method does not have angle
limitations. Thus this approach can handle structures with their
dipping angles beyond 90 degrees and is particularly useful to
provide illumination analysis for reverse-time migration. (Longer
abstract available)
................................................................
SEISMIC MODEL 1,003,346
EFFICIENT MODELING OF RANGE-DEPENDENT SEISMO-
ACOUSTICS PROBLEMS
M.D.Collins, W.Y.Jung, E.T.Kusel and W.L.Siegmann (US Naval
Research Lab; Northeastern Univ; Rensselaer Polytech Inst).
154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New
Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122,
no.5, pt.2, p.2942, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aUW3;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEISMIC MODEL 1,003,347
EFFECT OF CRACK OPENING AND ORIENTATION ON
DISPERSION AND ATTENUATION OF ANTIPLANE
COHERENT WAVE
M.Caleap, C.Aristegui and Y.C.Angel (Bordeaux Univ; Claude
Bernard Lyon I Univ). GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3, pp.1151-1165, June 2009. (ISSN
0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
Propagation of antiplane coherent wave in solids containing
randomly and uniformly distributed cracks is studied by calculating
the associated effective wave number. Attention is focused on the
influence of crack opening and orientation. Strip-like cracks or
empty elliptical cavities are either mutually parallel or randomly
oriented, and their surfaces are stress-free. Different multiple-
scattering formulations for the effective wave number, in terms of
the far-field displacement scattered by a single crack in the matrix,
are compared for various crack systems. They coincide at low crack
43
GEOPHYSICS
density and show similar trends when the crack density increases.
Simple analytical estimates enable a direct evaluation of the crack
density from the speed and attenuation of the coherent wave. In the
low- and high-frequency ranges, the effective wave speed and
attenuation appear to be mainly governed by the projection of
cracks on the incident plane wave front.
................................................................
SEISMIC MODEL
BORN SERIES FORWARD MODELLING OF SEISMIC
PRIMARY AND MULTIPLE REFLECTIONS: AN INVERSE
SCATTERING SHORTCUT
K.A.Innanen (Houston Univ). GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3, pp.1197-1204, June 2009. (ISSN
0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
Forward modelling of any data event in a reflection seismic
experiment with the Born series requires the calculation of a large
number of terms if the perturbation is large and spatially extended.
Various partial series summations, the De Wolf approximation for
instance, can be devised to separately model primary reflections.
One such scheme has recently been used to derive direct inverse
techniques for reflection seismic data. In this paper, we extend this
scheme to accommodate media with arbitrary 3-D heterogeneity,
and point out that once any partial summation for primary
reflections has been completed--however it is done--further arduous
calculation for the similarly non-linear forward modelling of
multiples can be avoided by using the de-multiple algorithms of
inverse scattering. One by-product of these developments is a
forward modelling expression for direct transmitted wave data,
which may be of use for cross-well geophysical applications.
Extension to absorptive media is straightforward.
................................................................
SEISMIC MODEL
ELASTIC WAVE MODELLING IN 3-D FRACTURED MEDIA:
AN EXPLICIT APPROACH
J.Zhang and H.Gao (Chinese Academy
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3,
pp.1233-1241, June 2009. (ISSN 0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
We present a numerical technique for modelling elastic-wave
propagation in 3-D media with discrete distributions of 2-D
fractures. The scheme treats the fractures as the non-welded
interfaces that satisfy the linear-slip displacement-discontinuity
conditions, instead of using the equivalent medium theories. We
develop the scheme following a so called 3-D grid method. The key
to derive the scheme is to extend the integral forms of the elastic
momentum equations to include the linear-slip displacement-
discontinuity (LS) model. The scheme is implemented under a
discretization of tetrahedral grid cells. Arbitrary 2-D non-planar
fractures can be explicitly, accurately represented on the numerical
mesh. The scheme can flexibly accommodate arbitrary 2-D
fractures with fracture behaviour from one extreme of being
perfectly welded to an extreme characterized by the stress-free
conditions. No stability problem arises. In comparison with the
seismic response calculation in the background medium in the
absence of the fractures, the additional computational cost and
memory requirements for incorporating many fractures are small.
We propose a parallel numerical implementation of the scheme that
needs smaller data exchanges between the subdomains. We also
present the comparisons with an equivalent-medium based
modelling scheme in the numerical examples.
................................................................
SEISMIC RECORDING
PASSIVE SEISMIC IMAGING
B.Artman (Stanford Univ). Ph.D.
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.848-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3253465; 162 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
44
SEISMIC REFLECTION METHOD 1,003,351
HIGH-RESOLUTION MARINE SEISMIC REFLECTION
PROFILING: SYSTEMS AND CAPABILITIES
P.E.Hart (US Geological Survey). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2982,
1,003,348 Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO2; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEISMIC REFLECTION METHOD 1,003,352
SYNTHETIC APERTURE PROCESSING OF REFLECTION
PROFILING DATA
S.Schock (Florida Atlantic Univ). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2983,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO4; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION 1,003,353
EXTENSION OF THE GRAIN-SHEARING THEORY OF
WAVE PROPAGATION IN MARINE SEDIMENTS TO
INCLUDE PORE-FLUID VISCOSITY
M.J.Buckingham (Scripps Inst Oceanogr). 154TH
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans,
LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF
THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
p.2974, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2aUWa5; Abstract
only)
1,003,349 [For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEISMIC WAVE SCATTERING 1,003,354
Sciences).
HIGH FREQUENCY SCATTERING FROM WATER-
SATURATED GRANULAR SEDIMENTS: SCALING EFFECTS
A.Ivakin and J.P.Sessarego (Washington Univ, Seattle; Centre
Natl Rech Sci (Fr)). 154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF
AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007)
ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY
OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, pp.2973-2974, Nov. 2007. (ISSN
0001-4966; Paper no.2aUWa2; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEISMIC WAVE SOURCE 1,003,355
SEISMIC EXCITATION USING A HIGH POWER CO2 LASER
B.Libbey, J.Krissoff, J.Perea and G.Newsome (US Army).
154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New
Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122,
no.5, pt.2, pp.3060-3061, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper
no.4aPA8; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SICILY 1,003,356
EXTRAPOLATION OF GEOACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
USING SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA: A SHALLOW WATER
1,003,350
EXAMPLE
C.W.Holland, A.Lowrie, J.Dettmer and S.E.Dosso (Pennsylvania
thesis, 2007; State Univ; Victoria Univ, BC). 154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY
OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2983,
Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO7; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

SONAR
MOBILE PARAMETRIC SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER SYSTEM
FOR SHALLOW AND MEDIUM DEPTH APPLICATIONS
J.Wunderlich (Innomar Technologie
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans,
LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF
THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
p.2983, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.2pAO6; Abstract
only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SOUTH AFRICA
THE USE OF GRAVITY ANOMALY DATA FOR OFFSHORE
CONTINENTAL MARGIN DEMARCATION
R.Pawlowski (Chevron Energy Technol Co). THE LEADING
EDGE v.27, no.6, pp.722-724,726-727, June 2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
Analysis of gravity anomaly data can be an effective and
economical means of demarcating the world’s offshore continental
margins. An exploration definition (and the one adopted here) of
offshore continental margin, one sufficing perhaps 90-95% of the
time, is the offshore area or zone of modified (transitional)
continental-type crust, adjacent to more seaward oceanic-type
crust. A key point in this definition is that the more seaward
oceanic-type crust has distinctly different physical and petrological
characteristics (e.g., lithology, density, velocity, rugosity, thickness
properties). Oceanic-type crust is further distinguished from the
crust of continental margin areas as having a magmatic genesis
related solely to the midocean ridge, seafloor-spreading process.
Following exploration-industry practice, the boundary between
continental-type crust and basaltic/gabbroic oceanic-type crust may
be referred to by the technical descriptor, continental-oceanic
boundary (COB). In contrast to this geophysical/petrological
definition, legal definitions of the offshore continental margin--as
stipulated, for instance, by the United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)--often rely on geomorphological
characteristics of the seafloor (e.g., location and extent of the
seafloor shelf, slope, rise, and abyssal plain) to delineate/define the
edge of the continental margin.
................................................................
SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
A NEW SCHEME FOR THE OPENING OF THE SOUTH
ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE DISSECTION OF AN APTIAN
SALT BASIN
T.H.Torsvik, S.Rousse, C.Labails and M.A.Smethurst (Norway
Geological Survey). GEOPHYSICAL
INTERNATIONAL v.177, no.3, pp.1315-1333, June 2009. (ISSN
0956-540X; Over 10 refs)
We present a revised model for the opening of the South
Atlantic Ocean founded on a remapping of the continent-ocean
boundaries and Aptian salt basins, the chronology of magmatic
activity in and around the ocean basin and on the timing and
character of associated intraplate deformation in Africa and South
America. The new plate tectonic model is internally consistent and
consistent with globally balanced plate motion solutions. The model
includes realistic scenarios for intraplate deformation, pre-drift
extension and seafloor spreading. Within the model, Aptian salt
basins preserved in the South American (Brazilian) and African
(Angola, Congo, Gabon) continental shelves are reunited in their
original positions as parts of a single syn-rift basin in near
subtropical latitudes (10°S - 27°S). The basin was dissected at
around 112 Ma (Aptian-Albian boundary) when the model suggests
that seafloor spreading commenced north of the Walvis Ridge - Rio
Grande Rise.
................................................................
SOUTH CHINA SEA
SEISMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A REEF CARBONATE
RESERVOIR AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON
EXPLORATION IN DEEPWATER OF THE QIONGDONGNAN
BASIN, NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA
S.Wu, S.Yuan, G.Zhang, Y.Ma, L.Mi and N.Xu (Chinese
July 25, 2009
GEOPHYSICS
1,003,357 Academy Sciences; CNOOC Research Center; CNOOC China Ltd;
China Nat Oil Gas Corp). MARINE AND PETROLEUM
GEOLOGY v.26, no.6, pp.817-823, June 2009. (ISSN 0264-8172;
Over 10 refs)
GmbH). 154TH Our analysis of approximately 40,000 km of multichannel 2-D
seismic data, reef oil-field seismic data, and data from several
boreholes led to the identification of two areas of reef carbonate
reservoirs in deepwater areas (water depth >= 500 m) of the
Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea. High-
resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis revealed that the
transgressive and highstand system tracts of the mid-Miocene
Meishan Formation in the Beijiao and Ledong-Lingshui
Depressions developed reef carbonates. The seismic features of the
1,003,358
reef carbonates in these two areas include chaotic bedding,
intermittent internal reflections, chaotic or blank reflections,
mounded reflections, and apparent amplitude anomalies, similar to
the seismic characteristics of the LH11-1 reef reservoir in the
Dongsha Uplift and Island Reef of the Salawati Basin, Indonesia,
which house large oil fields. The impedance values of reefs in the
Beijiao and Ledong-Lingshui Depressions are 8000-9000 g/cc x m/s.
Impedance sections reveal that the impedance of the LH11-1 reef
reservoir in the northern South China Sea is 8,000-10,000 g/cc x
m/s, whereas that of pure limestone in BD23-1-1 is >10,000 g/cc x
m/s. The mid-Miocene paleogeography of the Beijiao Depression
was dominated by offshore and neritic environments, with only part
of the southern Beijiao uplift emergent at that time. ... (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract available)
................................................................
SUBSALT 1,003,361
SUBSALT IMAGING USING TTI REVERSE TIME
MIGRATION
T.Huang, Y.Zhang, H.Zhang and J.Young (CGG Veritas).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19877; Available on CD-ROM; 7 pp; 8 refs)
The development of reverse time migration (RTM) and the
availability of wide-azimuth data have significantly increased our
ability to image subsalt. Much of this potential, however, remains
to be developed by seismic imagers. One area for future
development is the incorporation of anisotropy in subsalt imaging.
Most anisotropic imaging involves vertical transverse isotropy
1,003,359
(VTI), while tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) is generally overlooked.
Shale that overlies the dipping salt flanks can cause TTI anisotropy
issues. This type of geometry is common in the deepwater Gulf of
Mexico, particularly around salt-withdrawal minibasins. Ignoring
the tilted symmetry not only causes image blurring and
JOURNAL mispositioning of the salt flank, but also degrades and distorts the
base of salt and subsalt images. RTM for isotropic and VTI has
been routinely used, but the applications of RTM in a 3D
heterogeneous TTI medium is still in its infancy. This lag is the
result of difficulties in numerical formulations for non-vertical
symmetric axes and the subsequent instabilities. The TTI
implementation also carries much higher computational costs than
those of isotropic and VTI cases. With the demonstration of its
benefits and the advances in computing power, the usage of TTI
RTM is expected to increase significantly. Initial applications of TTI
RTM used narrow-azimuth, towed-streamer data. (Copyright 2009
OTC)
................................................................
SWITZERLAND 1,003,362
ANISOTROPY IN SHALE FROM MONT TERRI
H.R.Wenk, M.Voltolini, H.Kern, T.Popp and M.Mazurek (Calif
Univ, Berkeley; Kiel Univ; Inst Gebirgsmechanik GmbH; Bern
Univ). THE LEADING EDGE v.27, no.6, pp.742-744,746-748, June
2008. (ISSN 1070-485X)
Anisotropy of shales is the subject of this report, and we use an
1,003,360
example of the Jurassic Opalinus Clay from Mont Terri
(Switzerland) that is being investigated in the context of
radioactive waste disposal. The study is targeted at the
geomechanical characterization of shale by laboratory testing. The
overall aim is to improve the constitutive material laws and their
application in numerical models.
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts 45
GEOPHYSICS
UNDERWATER SOUND REFLECTN
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE
COHERENCE OF SIGNALS REFLECTED BY THE
SEAFLOOR
L.Guillon and C.W.Holland (Ecole
Pennsylvania State Univ). 154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF
AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007)
ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY
OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2, p.2974, Nov. 2007. (ISSN
0001-4966; Paper no.2aUWa4; Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
UNDERWATER SOUND SOURCE
MODELING SURFACE DUCT PRECURSORS
LITTORAL ACOUSTIC DEMONSTRATION CENTER 2003
(LADC03) SEISMIC CALIBRATION EXPERIMENT
A.M.Tashmukhambetov, G.E.Ioup,
N.A.Sidorovskaia (New Orleans Univ; Louisiana Univ, Lafayette).
154TH ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New
Orleans, LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122,
no.5, pt.2, p.2942, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aUW2;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
UNDERWATER SOUND TRANSMISS
MODELING UNDERWATER SOUND PROPAGATION FROM
AN AIRGUN ARRAY USING THE PARABOLIC EQUATION
METHOD
A.MacGillivray (JASCO Research Ltd). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
pp.2942-2943, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aUW5;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
WAVE ATTENUATION
SHEAR WAVES AND THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN
PERCEIVED AND IDEAL FREQUENCY POWER LAWS FOR
SEDIMENT ATTENUATION
J.M.Collis, A.D.Pierce and W.M.Carey (Boston Univ). 154TH
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans,
LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF
THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
p.2940, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.1aAO2; Abstract
only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
WESTERN CANADA BASIN
A CASE STUDY: TIME-LAPSE SEISMIC MONITORING OF A
THIN HEAVY OIL RESERVOIR
Y.Zhang (Alberta Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006; DISSERTATION
ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B v.68, no.2, pp.852-B
- 853-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order no.DANR23136; 193
pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
DRILLING (WELL)
AIR DRILLING
AIR AND NITROGEN DRILLING TECHNIQUES USED IN
PUGUANG GASFIELD
Y.J.Liu, W.C.Ye and L.Z.Lu (Sinopec). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.1a,1-3,
46
1,003,363 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 4 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
INFLUENCE ON ................................................................
BALANCED PRESSURE DRILLING 1,003,369
Navale (France);
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE
DURING BALANCED DRILLING
Z.L.Ding, H.X.Liu, J.X.Song, Y.Liang and Y.X.Xiong (China
National Petrol Corp; Southwest Petroleum Univ). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.9a,63-65,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 6 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
1,003,364
BIT TEETH 1,003,370
FOR
[R] METHOD, SYSTEM, AND APPARATUS OF CUTTING
EARTHEN FORMATIONS AND THE LIKE
J.W.Ioup and G.A.Tibbitts, asr. (Particle Drill Technol Inc). U.S.
2008/0,156,545A1, p. 7/3/2008, f. 5/27/2004 (Appl. 558,181), pr. U.S.
5/27/2003 (Appl. 60/473,832) and World 5/27/2004 (Appl. 0,416,987)
(E21B-0010/36). (11 pp) SRPA# 862,455
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #862,455]
................................................................
BLOWOUT PREVENTER 1,003,371
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING ADDITIONAL
BLOWOUT PREVENTER CONTROL REDUNDANCY
1,003,365
S.P.McGrath and B.K.Williams, asrs. (Transocean Offshore Inc).
World 2009/039,349A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/19/2008 (Appl. 0,876,974),
pr. U.S. 9/21/2007 (Appl. 60/974,339) (E21B-0033/06). (15 pp)
An apparatus is disclosed to allow backup or alternate fluid
flow routes around malfunctioning BOP control components using a
remotely installed removable hydraulic hose connection. The
backup fluid flow route sends pressure-regulated hydraulic fluid to
a BOP operation via an isolation valve rigidly attached to the BOP,
then to a hose connected to an intervention panel on the BOP and
finally through a valve that isolates the primary flow route and
establishes a secondary flow route to allow continued operation. To
increase reliability, the backup components route from a spare BOP
function and are rigidly fixed to the BOP.
1,003,366 ................................................................
BLOWOUT PREVENTER 1,003,372
[R] PULL YOUR BOP [BLOWOUT-PREVENTER] STACK -
OR NOT? SYSTEMATIC METHOD TO MAKING THIS
MULTIMILLION DOLLAR DECISION
D.Denney. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.43-44, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-119762) SRLA#
1,000,692
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #1,000,692]
................................................................
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,373
1,003,367
DRILLING OPERATIONS CENTERS: A HISTORY OF
FUNCTIONALITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL PURPOSE -
THE FIRST GENERATION
J.E.Booth (Booth Consulting). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-123225; Available on CD-ROM; 7 pp; Over 10 refs)
Real-time operations centers are becoming commonplace in
support of drilling and production activities. Their recent
proliferation and acceptance have much to do with the increasing
role of information technology in society in general. However, the
concept is not new. In the early 1980s, several operators and service
companies explored the potential for central support of remote
drilling operations. Of the three significant operator strategies
discussed in detail, one is still in place; another, although relatively
short-lived, aspired to and tested a vision which is only now, 25
1,003,368
years later, close to being realized. There are lessons to be learned
from the early strategies; however, the technology has evolved at an
exponential rate. The fluctuating business cycles and
organizational change challenges encountered by the pioneers are
similar to those faced by today’s practitioners. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

CIRCULATING PRESSURE 1,003,374
[R] METHOD OF DYNAMICALLY CONTROLLING BOTTOM
HOLE CIRCULATING PRESSURE IN A WELLBORE
R.A.Graham, A.Steiner and C.W.J.Hoyer, asrs. (Northland
Energy Corp). Can. 2,344,627A1, p. 10/18/2002, f. 4/18/2001 (Appl.
2,344,627) (E21B-007/00). (52 pp) SRPA# 805,058
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #805,058]
................................................................
DATA RETRIEVAL SYSTEM 1,003,375
[R] DATA RETRIEVAL TAGS
J.Masino, L.Gao, C.Golla and P.Rodney, asrs. (Halliburton
Energy Service). Gr. Brit. 2,442,886A, p. 4/16/2008, f. 5/8/2006
(Appl. 0,723,799), pr. U.S. 5/6/2005 (Appl. 124,030) and World
5/8/2006 (Appl. 0,617,642) (E21B-0047/12; G01V-0003/00;
G06F-0011/26). (25 pp) SRPA# 921,276
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #921,276]
................................................................
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE STCK 1,003,376
TECHNIQUES USED TO REMOVE PRESSURE STICKING
IN HORIZONTAL WELLS AND ITS ACTUAL APPLICATION
IN MOXI GASFIELD
K.Zhang, M.H.Li, Y.S.Wan, J.L.Li and B.Tan (West Sichuan
Drilling Co). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.8a,56-58, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 5
refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
DRILL STEM STABILIZATION 1,003,377
[R] BIT AND BHA VIBRATIONS OVERCOME
S.F.Sowers, F.E.Dupriest, J.R.Bailey and L.Wang (ExxonMobil
Development Co; ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co). WORLD OIL
v.230, no.6, pp.29-30,32-33, June 2009. (ISSN 0043-8790; Over 10
refs) SRLA# 999,554
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #999,554]
................................................................
DRILLING DATA 1,003,378
GETTING DATA TO DRILLING AND COMPLETIONS
TEAMS AND VICE VERSA
S.J.Sawaryn, A.Deady, N.Whiteley, C.Critchley, L.Brown and
N.Gibson (BP Exploration; Kongsberg Intellifield). SPE DIGITAL
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123174; Available on CD-ROM; 13 pp;
Over 10 refs)
The paper describes some simple, but effective steps in
providing drilling and completions data and visualisation in
support of enhanced collaboration while allowing for future growth.
The solution is based on WITSML and is implemented in the
operator’s advanced collaborative environment (ACE) in Aberdeen.
The transmission of large amounts of data onshore from the rig is a
relatively easy task but ensuring that these data are accurate and
usable in both industry and proprietary tools is more of a challenge.
The services provided by the major service companies are still
geared towards providing data through their proprietary data
packages and tools and the support they provide has been honed to
match this business model. Since January 2008, seven rig teams
have adopted a new data viewer provided by an independent
supplier. The shift has been user driven, prompted by a desire for
consistency and the availability of dedicated on-site support. The
use of proprietary tools and the greater sharing of data between the
drilling and completions and subsurface disciplines is also driving
the change, challenging set methods of data capture,
communication and visualisation. The data displays in open areas
have proved to be particularly popular and effective. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
DRILLING (WELL)
DRILLING DATA 1,003,379
WITSML REAL-TIME INTER-OPERABILITY TESTING
J.G.Pickering, N.Whiteley, J.Rochford, K.Sheil and J.Lowe (BP;
SAIC; PA Consulting). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE
(Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123208;
Available on CD-ROM; 10 pp; 7 refs)
BP has developed an internal recommended practice for the
deployment of a standard data architecture for real-time drilling
and completions information. This architecture uses WITSML
(wellsite information transfer standard markup language)
communications as much as possible although data aggregation on
the drilling rig can still employ WITS, OPC or even a proprietary
language. Most deployments in BP are built on the latest Version
1.3.1 of WITSML. Early deployments in Indonesia revealed some
inter-operability problems which had to be resolved quickly to
eliminate operational delays. This experience highlighted the value
of pre-deployment testing and subsequent deployments have all
been staged in an independent test facility hosted for BP by SAIC
in Aberdeen. The BP WITSML test laboratory has already staged
drilling and completions data systems for BP businesses in Gulf of
Mexico, UK North Sea and Oman prior to field deployments. In
addition, the business units have also been keen for the laboratory
to provide an operational support function post-deployment.
Testing has also been conducted in conjunction with main BP
equipment suppliers to demonstrate compliance for future
installations. Various problems have been identified during testing
which will be described in the paper. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
DRILLING FLUID 1,003,380
DRILLING, COMPLETION AND WORKOVER FLUIDS 2009
WORLD OIL v.230, no.6 (suppl), pp.F-61 - F-89, June 2009.
(ISSN 0043-8790; 25 pp)
World Oil’s annual listing of drilling, completion, and workover
fluids presents information on classifications, product names and
functions, and source companies are presented. Nine distinct fluid
systems are defined, of which the first are water-based: non-
dispersed, dispersed, calcium treated, polymer, low solids, and
saltwater systems. Next are oil-based systems (invert emulsion
muds and oil-based muds) and synthetic-based systems (primarily
esters, ethers, poly alpha olefins, and isomerized alpha olefins), and
the last comprises air, mist, foam, or gas as the circulating medium.
The functions of fluid additives are also explained: alkalinity/pH
control, bactericides, calcium reducers, corrosion inhibitors,
defoamers, emulsifiers, filtrate reducers, flocculants, foaming
agents, lost circulation materials, lubricants, pipe-freeing agents,
shale control inhibitors, surface active agents, temperature stability
agents, thinners/dispersants, viscosifiers, and weighting materials.
The tabulated survey information includes product trade names,
material descriptions, recommendations for use, product functions,
and availability.
................................................................
DRILLING OPTIMIZATION 1,003,381
[R] AUTOMATED MSE-BASED DRILLING APPARATUS
AND METHODS
S.Boone, B.Ellis, B.Kuttel, C.Papouras and J.T.Scarborough,
asrs. (Nabors Global Holdings Ltd). U.S. 2008/0,156,531A1, p.
7/3/2008, f. 12/7/2007 (Appl. 952,511), pr. U.S. 12/7/2006 (Appl.
60/869,047) and U.S. 11/6/2007 (Appl. 60/985,869) (E21B-0044/02).
(41 pp) SRPA# 969,233
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #969,233]
................................................................
EARTH MODEL 1,003,382
MECHANICAL EARTH MODEL (MEM): AN EFFECTIVE
TOOL FOR BOREHOLE STABILITY ANALYSIS AND
MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING (CASE STUDY)
M.Afsari, M.R.Ghafoori, M.Roostaeian, A.Haghshenas, A.Ataei
and R.Masoudi (National Iranian Oil Co; PETRONAS). 16TH SPE
MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS
2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-118780; Available on CD-ROM; 12 pp; 6 refs)
47
DRILLING (WELL)
As a borehole is drilled, hydraulic pressure of the drilling mud
must replace the support lost by removal of the original column of
rock. But mud pressure being uniform in all directions cannot
exactly balance the earth stress. Consequently, rock surrounding
the borehole is distorted or strained and may fail if the
redistributed stresses exceed rock strength. The bottom line for the
drilling engineer striving to maintain stable hole is choosing the
right mud weight. The aim of this study is to build an MEM by
using available data for one of the Iranian oilfields to evaluate
wellbore stability and to choose optimum mud weight. MEM for
this field can now be used to predict not only the safe mud weight
window and possible drilling hazards, but can also be used for
studies like sand production and perforation stability and so on.
Numerical modeling has been carried out using MEM data for
comparing analytical and numerical wellbore stability analysis to
select optimum mud weight, to investigate the feasibility of
managed pressure drilling for problematic formations, and to
determine the most effective azimuth for drilling horizontal wells
into the reservoir section. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
CATENARY PROFILE DESIGN METHOD STUDY
X.S.Liu (Dezhou Petr Drill Res Inst). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.10a-11a,73-75,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
GAS DRILLING
GAS DRILLING USED FOR EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT
OF TIGHT SANDSTONE GAS RESERVOIRS
G.Li, Y.F.Meng, H.M.Tang, H.S.Zhou and Y.J.Li (Southwest
Petroleum Univ; PetroChina). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
(TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.8a-9a,59-62, 7/25/2007.
(ISSN 1000-0976; Over 10 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY OF RADICAL AND LEVEL
DRILLING/WELL COMPLETION UNDER ULTRA-SHORT
RADIUS
X.Cao, C.Zhang and C.Zhang, asrs. (Beijing Technol Dev Co
Ltd). U.S. 2009/0,000,824A1, p. 1/1/2009, f. 12/6/2007 (Appl.
988,000), pr. China 6/28/2007 (Appl.
(E21B-0007/06; E21B-0007/08). (14 pp)
The invention relates to extracting petroleum, particularly to
tools and technology of radical and level drilling/well completion
under ultra-short radius. The tools of the invention are involved
with a deflecting drill tool and level drill tool. The deflecting drill
tool consists of a deflecting rotary assembly, flexible drill pipe,
directional follow-up tube, tail tube for deflecting drill tool, and drill
pipe nipple joints. The level tool consists of a level rotary assembly,
the flexible drill pipe, quick couplings, the directional follow-up
tube, a tail tube for level drill tool, the drill pipe nipple joint, an
adjusting nipple joint, a recessed left hand thread bushing, and
convex left hand thread coupling and characterized in that a
triangle backing block is installed on outside of a casing of the
deflecting rotary assembly. Splines matched with each other are
provided at the level rotary assembly and the flexible drill pipe. The
tail tube for level drill tool has a recessed left hand thread bushing
and convex left hand thread coupling. The flexible drill pipe is
140˜150 mm long. The invention can be applied in fields of oil
extraction, gas and running water.
................................................................
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
CRITICAL DRILLING TECHNIQUES OF MULTILATERAL
HORIZONTAL WELLS USED TO DEVELOP COALBED
METHANE RESERVOIRS
M.Y.Rao, L.W.Yang, S.A.Zhang and Y.W.Liang (China Univ
Petroleum; Orion Energy Int Inc; Shandong Coal Mine Bureau).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
48
pp.7a-8a,52-55, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
LOST CIRCULATION 1,003,387
MECHANISM STUDY ON PHYSICAL PLUGGING WHILE
DRILLING
J.Y.Xiong, L.Xue, P.G.Zhou, Z.Cheng and F.Yang (Southwest
Petroleum Univ; CACT). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
(TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.10a,69-72, 7/25/2007. (ISSN
1000-0976; 5 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
LOST CIRCULATION ADDITIVE 1,003,388
PLASTIC PLUGGING OF LOST CIRCULATION USED IN
WEST SICHUAN BASIN
Y.Xu, J.L.Li and L.X.Ye (West Sichuan Drilling Co). NATURAL
GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.9a-10a,66-68, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 3 refs; In Chinese)
1,003,383 [Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
MATERIAL HANDLING 1,003,389
[R] TRANSFER OF FINELY GROUND WEIGHT MATERIAL
W.Curtis, J.Lee, S.Young and W.Matlock, asrs. (M-I LLC).
Europe. 1,918,227A2, p. 5/7/2008, f. 11/2/2007 (Appl. 07,119,891),
pr. U.S. 11/3/2006 (Appl. 864,206) and U.S. 10/31/2007 (Appl.
1,003,384 932,426) (B65G-0053/12; C09K-0008/00; E21B-0021/06). (20 pp)
SRPA# 966,504
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #966,504]
................................................................
OFFSHORE DRILLING EQUIPMT 1,003,390
[R] UNDERWATER SEAFLOOR DRILLING RIG
A.Sheshtawy. Europe. 1,914,379A1, p. 4/23/2008, f. 2/15/2007
(Appl. 07,003,260), pr. U.S. 10/19/2006 (Appl. 583,562)
(E21B-0007/124; E21B-0015/02; E21B-0041/08). (22 pp) SRPA#
1,003,385 970,458
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #970,458]
................................................................
PIPE RACK 1,003,391
[R] HORIZONTAL PIPES HANDLING SYSTEM
2007-10,011,888) J.Belik, asr. (National Oilwell Varco LP). Europe. 1,916,379A1,
p. 4/30/2008, f. 10/19/2007 (Appl. 07,118,892), pr. U.S. 10/25/2006
(Appl. 862,812) (E21B-0019/15). (18 pp) SRPA# 973,395
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #973,395]
................................................................
POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMND BIT 1,003,392
RESEARCH NEWS FROM THE LAB: DIAMONDS ARE
FOREVER
G.Cope. NICKLE’S NEW TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE v.14,
no.5, pp.15,17,19, June 2008. (ISSN 1480-2147)
Research with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits has
allowed bit manufacturers to increase performance and versatility.
The article describes the Canadian experience in Western Canada
with PDC bits. When first introduced, their design led to numerous
drilling problems. Researchers set up a program to analyze the
strengths and weaknesses of PDC bits involving cutter geometry,
material composition and processing conditions. This work has
helped PDC bit manufacturers increase versatility. There are now
hundreds of bits available that cover 90% of the drilling needs.
................................................................
1,003,386
POWER TONGS 1,003,393
[R] WRENCHING TONG
B.G.Pietras, asr. (Weatherford/Lamb Inc). Can. 2,389,449A1, p.
5/31/2001, f. 11/17/2000 (Appl. 2,389,449), pr. Gr. Brit. 11/26/1999
(Appl. 9,927,825) and World 11/17/2000 (Appl. 0,004,383)
(E21B-019/16). (33 pp) SRPA# 760,490
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #760,490]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

PULLEY
UNIVERSAL SHEAVE WHEEL ADAPTER
A.Rooks, U.Marfani and J.F.Minear, asrs. (Schlumberger
Canada Ltd; Schlumberger Serv Petrol; Schlumberger Holdings
Ltd; Schlumberger Technol BV; Prad Res & Develop Ltd). World
2009/037,664A2, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/18/2008 (Appl. 0,853,804), pr. U.S.
9/18/2007 (Appl. 60/973,329) and U.S. 9/18/2008 (Appl. 212,829). (21
pp)
An assembly is provided that includes an oilwell rig; a sheave
wheel adapter connected to the rig; a sheave wheel yoke connected
to the adapter; and a sheave wheel connected to the yoke. In
various embodiments of the invention, this assembly is configured
to permit the wheel to rotate about three mutually perpendicular
planes of motion.
................................................................
RETRACTABLE BIT
[R] APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR VIBRATING A DRILL
BIT
D.R.Hall and S.Dahlgren. U.S. 2008/0,156,536A1, p. 7/3/2008, f.
1/3/2007 (Appl. 619,418) (E21B-0010/40;
E21B-0010/62; E21B-0001/00). (15 pp) SRPA# 932,912
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #932,912]
................................................................
SHALE SHAKER
[R] MAGNETIC COUPLING FOR SHAKER MOTION
WITHOUT MOTORS
A.W.Burkhard, asr. (M-I LLC). U.S. 2008/0,156,707A1, p.
7/3/2008, f. 12/20/2007 (Appl. 961,729), pr. U.S. 12/21/2006 (Appl.
60/871,379) (B03D-0004/02). (12 pp) SRPA# 972,590
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #972,590]
................................................................
SHOCK ABSORBER
DOWNHOLE SHOCK ABSORBER FOR TORSIONAL AND
AXIAL LOADS
W.C.Koger, asr. (Quantum Drilling Motor LLC). U.S.
2009/0,023,502A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/18/2007 (Appl. 779,737)
(E21B-0017/20; E21B-0007/00). (10 pp)
A shock-absorber subassembly for a subsurface drilling
assembly is disclosed. The shock-absorber subassembly comprises
a mandrel, a body assembly, and at least one torsional spring
assembly. The mandrel has a bore extending therethrough and has
one end connectable to a portion of the subsurface drilling
assembly. The body assembly has a bore extending therethrough
and one end connectable to another portion of the subsurface
drilling assembly. The body assembly is coupled to the mandrel to
establish fluid communication between the bore of the mandrel and
the bore of the body assembly and to permit planar rotational
movement of the mandrel relative to the body assembly. The at
least one torsional spring assembly engages the mandrel and the
body assembly to absorb torsional shocks and vibrations between
the mandrel and the body assembly and to limit the degree of
planar rotation between the mandrel and the body assembly. In a
second embodiment, the body assembly is coupled to the mandrel to
permit axial movement as well as planar rotational movement.
................................................................
SLIM HOLE DRILLING
CASE-HISTORY - WORLD’S FIRST SLIM OPEN HOLE
SMART MRC WELLS
K.M.Al-Amri (Saudi Aramco). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL
& GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-117050; Available on
CD-ROM; 6 pp; 3 refs)
Smart maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells have been
successfully utilized extensively across Saudi Aramco to increase
reservoir contact, well productivity and total oil recovery.
Converting an existing well to an MRC well poses a new challenge.
This paper presents a case history of two old, existing dead wells in
Saudi Aramco that were successfully converted into the first slim
open hole MRC wells in the world. The two wells were originally
July 25, 2009
DRILLING (WELL)
1,003,394 drilled as vertical producing wells with 7-in. 23# liner set above the
top of the target zone and extending to surface. To access more
reserves from the field, the decision was made to sidetrack the wells
to a new location and drill MRC wells to achieve maximum
productivity from those wells. The wells were planned to be three
lateral wells with a total of 12,000 ft of reservoir contact in each
well. To maximize the long-term productivity of the wells, it was
decided to run intelligent well systems that enable remote
monitoring and control of each lateral throughout the life of the two
wells. The final success of these converted slim open hole smart
MRC wells is supported by more than expected production gain.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
STREAM ANALYZER 1,003,399
DEVICE FOR QUANTIFYING THE CONTENT OF AT LEAST
1,003,395 ONE GASEOUS CONSTITUENT CONTAINED IN A
GASEOUS SAMPLE FROM A FLUID, RELATED ASSEMBLY
AND PROCESS
J.Breviere, D.Baer and M.Whiticar, asrs. (Geoservices
Equipements). World 2009/037,517A2, p. 3/26/2009, f. 8/10/2007
E21B-0007/24; (Appl. 0,702,318), pr. Europe. 8/11/2006 (06,291,305)
(G01N-0021/35; G01N-0030/02; G01N-0030/74). (26 pp)
This device comprises a means for forming a gaseous flow from
the sample, and a means for separation by means of selective
retention each gaseous constituent. It comprises a means for
1,003,396
combustion of the gaseous flow in order to form a gaseous residue
from each constituent, and a means for quantifying the content of
each constituent to be analysed in the gaseous flow. The
quantification means comprise an optical measurement cell which
is connected to the combustion means, and a means for introducing
a laser incident optical signal into the cell. The quantification
means also comprise means for measuring a transmitted optical
signal resulting from an interaction between the optical signal and
each gaseous residue in the cell, and means for calculating said
1,003,397 content on the basis of the transmitted optical signal.
................................................................
SUBSURFACE HYDRAULIC MOTOR 1,003,400
[R] DOWN HOLE MOTORS AND METHODS FOR THEIR
OPERATION
E.Sunde and P.O.Haughom, asrs. (Den Norske Stats Oljese AS).
Can. 2,347,073A1, p. 5/4/2000, f. 10/25/1999 (Appl. 2,347,073), pr.
Gr. Brit. 10/26/1998 (Appl. 9,823,411) and World 10/25/1999 (Appl.
9,903,511) (E21B-004/02). (28 pp) SRPA# 735,072
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #735,072]
................................................................
TAHITI FIELD 1,003,401
TAHITI SUBSURFACE - DRILLING AND COMPLETION
TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
L.F.Rivas, J.F.Sanclemente and K.Ricketts (Chevron).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19861; Available on CD-ROM; 15 pp; 3 refs)
Few wells in the world have been completed at the depths and
pressures required for the Tahiti Field. This combination of depth
and pressure has stretched existing drilling and completion
technologies to the limit. Efficiently drilling and completing the
Tahiti wells required extensive engineering to design, select
1,003,398
materials, and fabricate and test the highly specialized equipment
needed to accomplish this daunting task. Along the way numerous
experts have been employed to identify the technology and
equipment upgrades required for successful implementation in the
field. This paper will discuss the technology development from
identification through implementation. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
TOOL JOINT 1,003,402
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR CRITICAL DRILLING
APPLICATIONS
M.J.Jellison and H.F.Spoerker (NOV Grant Prideco; OMV E&P).
16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND
CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009)
Petroleum Abstracts 49
DRILLING (WELL)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118737; Available on CD-ROM; 12 pp;
4 refs)
This paper reviews recent technology advancements and
addresses practical considerations associated with drill pipe and
drill stem components for extreme drilling applications. Ultra-high
torque double-shoulder rotary connections are often employed in
these applications, potentially complicating proper design and
material selection for cross-overs, top-drive subs, pup joints and
other accessories. These new connections often employ materials
with higher strength requirements than the standard API
connections they replace. The paper outlines recommendations for
material strength and design parameters for various drill stem
accessories. High-performance connectors’ impact on bottomhole
assembly design is also addressed. Weight tapered drill string
designs with double-shoulder connections can result in mismatched
connection bores. Guidelines to accommodate this mismatch, along
with supporting finite element modeling results, are presented.
Hardband system trends for critical applications are highlighted.
The surge in critical drilling has led to an increasing trend of drill
stem friction heating failures. The paper includes characteristic
features of these failures along with case histories and prevention
methods. High-speed telemetry (wired) drill pipe has been
successfully deployed on critical drilling applications in various
parts of the world. The paper provides an update on this exciting
technology and reviews recent case histories. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
TRAINING PROGRAM
EXERCISES IN DISTRIBUTED TACTICAL DECISION-
MAKING IN ADVANCED
ENVIRONMENTS
P.S.Bayerl, K.Lauche, M.Crichton, S.Sawaryn and A.Deady
(Delft Univ Technol; People Factor Consult Ltd; BP). SPE
DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123101; Available on CD-ROM; 10 pp;
Over 10 refs)
Collaborative environments (CE) form an increasingly
important element in supporting all stages of drilling operations
from planning to execution, offering a sophisticated mix of real-time
data access, advanced communication methods, and visualization
technologies. To progress team use of CEs in business critical
situations, a two-hour scenario-based exercise was developed and
implemented to help prepare members of drilling teams for
distributed, tactical decision-making in CEs. The aim was three-
fold: to increase familiarity with CE capabilities, to improve non-
technical skills for distributed working, and to improve the
facilities design and use. The exercise was designed around three
principles--functional and status diversity,
distribution, and technological realism--to reflect the complexity of
real-life situations. The outcome was measured using
questionnaires relating to quality of the decision-making process,
quality of information sharing, and familiarity and confidence with
the CE, using three measurements over an eight-week period.
Results from sessions conducted with six drilling teams indicate
that the exercise was perceived as helpful in introducing
technological CE capabilities and improving distributed decision-
making. The long-term benefit of the exercise was seen to be
impacted by the consistency of subsequent use of technologies and
environment. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
VALVE ACTUATOR
DOWNHOLE LINEAR ACTUATION APPARATUS AND
METHOD
E.Richards, asr. (Schlumberger Technol Corp). U.S.
2009/0,020,293A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 6/17/2008 (Appl. 140,358), pr. Gr.
Brit. 6/26/2007 (Appl. 0,712,341) (E21B-0023/00; E21B-0034/00;
F16K-0031/06). (11 pp)
A linear actuation apparatus for controlling fluid flow in a
wellbore comprises a tubular manifold for conducting fluid when
disposed in the wellbore, and a shaft supported for reciprocal axial
movement within the manifold. A valve seat is supported within
the manifold in substantial alignment with the shaft, and a valve
closure element is carried by the shaft for reciprocal axial
movement between a closed position preventing fluid flow across
50
the valve seat and an opened position permitting fluid flow across
the valve seat. A pair of springs are each carried on opposing sides
of the magnetic element such that one of the springs is compressed
by and applies an axial force to the shaft under the movement of
the shaft from a neutral position. A compound magnet is carried by
the manifold about the magnetic element for applying an axial force
to the magnetic element that together with the axial force of the
compressed spring(s) and fluid pressure within the manifold control
movement of the shaft and the valve closure element. Particular
applications with which the manifold may be employed include the
selective energization of peripheral actuators of the type used in
push-the-bit type rotary steerable drilling systems.
................................................................
WEIGHTING MATERIAL 1,003,405
[R] METHODS TO ENHANCE THE PNEUMATIC
HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF WEIGHTING AGENTS
W.Matlock, J.Massam and A.Burn, asrs. (M-I LLC). Europe.
1,918,348A1, p. 5/7/2008, f. 11/2/2007 (Appl. 07,119,895), pr. U.S.
11/3/2006 (Appl. 864,243) and U.S. 11/1/2007 (Appl. 933,531)
(C09K-0008/03; B65G-0053/00; C01F-0011/46). (19 pp) SRPA#
966,521
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #966,521]
................................................................
1,003,403 WELL LOGGING & SURVEYING
COLLABORATIVE CUTTINGS ANALYSIS 1,003,406
NON-POLARIZED CONTACTS FOR RESISTIVITY
MEASUREMENTS IN DRILL CUTTINGS SAMPLES FOR
SURFACE LOGGING WHILE DRILLING
K.Zamfes. U.S. 2009/0,021,262A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 6/23/2008
(Appl. 144,024), pr. U.S. 6/22/2007 (Appl. 60/929,348)
(G01V-0003/20). (5 pp)
An apparatus and probe are provided for non-polarized contacts
for resistivity measurements in drill cuttings. At least two probes
are described as having a highly conductive shell from non-
corrosive metal in form of pipe and a wood and/or other fine
channeled thread (grained) water filled that will be conductive
when it is wet.
................................................................
FOCUSED CURRENT LOGGING 1,003,407
ADAPTIVE BOREHOLE CORRECTIONS ACCOUNTING
geographical
FOR ECCENTRICITY FOR ARRAY LATEROLOGS
M.B.Rabinovich and B.H.Corley, asrs. (Baker Hughes Inc).
World 2009/039,468A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/21/2008 (Appl. 0,877,147),
pr. U.S. 9/20/2007 (Appl. 60/994,803) and U.S. 9/19/2008 (Appl.
234,106). (26 pp)
Disclosed is an adaptive borehole correction (ABC) technique
based on an inversion approach that advantageously corrects
shallow laterolog measurements for borehole effects, including
determining and accounting for unknown tool eccentricity. The
algorithm is based on simplex radial 1-D inversion where at every
logging up to four unknowns are determined, namely tool
eccentricity, Rt, Rxo, and Lxo. After that a borehole correction
methodology is employed wherein the tool response in a borehole
1,003,404 with real mud resistivity Rm is modified to a response in the
borehole with virtual mud resistivity equal to Rxo.
................................................................
GAS ENTRY PROFILING 1,003,408
MEASUREMENT OF REFERENCE VELOCITY VECTOR
FOR FOUR-SENSOR CONDUCTANCE PROBES USING
ORTHOGONAL, HIGH SPEED CAMERAS
S.Pradhan, G.Lucas and X.Zhao (Huddersfield Univ). 6TH BHR
GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.89-101, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
7 refs)
This paper describes the use of a novel technique for measuring
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

the velocity vectors of dispersed gas bubbles in time invariant gas-
liquid flow using a local 4-sensor probe. A parallel investigation was
carried out using orthogonal high speed cameras. The work was
performed in relation to the validation of dual-plane ERT (electrical
resistance tomography) systems, a new generation of instruments
for the online measurement of multiphase flows. Previous
validation work was based on the use of local, dual-sensor
conductance probes to obtain the local axial velocity and volume
fraction of the bubbles in multiphase flows. The purpose of the
research presented in this paper was to investigate the accuracy
with which a 4-sensor probe can measure bubble velocity vectors by
comparing its measurements with results from two orthogonal high
speed cameras.
................................................................
INFLATABLE PACKER 1,003,409
[R] INFLATABLE PACKER ASSEMBLY
W.E.Brennan III, C.Longfield, A.Arzoumanidis and
A.Caccialupi, asrs. (Schlumberger Technol Corp). U.S.
7,392,851B2, c. 7/1/2008, f. 11/4/2004 (Appl. 981,204)
(E21B-0033/127). (22 pp) SRPA# 904,941
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #904,941]
................................................................
MICROELECTRONICS 1,003,410
[R] APPARATUS FOR DOWNHOLE FLUIDS ANALYSIS
UTILIZING MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEM
(MEMs) OR OTHER SENSORS
A.Chikenji, V.Nouaze, T.Yamate, T.Terabayshi and T.Sugimoto,
asrs. (Schlumberger Technol Corp). U.S. 7,392,697B2, c. 7/1/2008,
f. 9/19/2005 (Appl. 230,793) (E21B-0047/06). (12 pp) SRPA# 930,022
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #930,022]
................................................................
MUD PULSE TELEMETRY 1,003,411
HOW HIGH-SPEED TELEMETRY AFFECTS THE DRILLING
PROCESS
I.Wassermann and A.Kaniappan (Baker Hughes). JOURNAL
OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61, no.6, pp.26,28-29, June
2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; 3 refs)
With high-speed telemetry systems becoming economically
viable in an increasing number of drilling applications, our industry
is in a situation similar to that seen at the introduction of digital
subscriber line (DSL). Following the parallel of Internet access via
DSL vs. modem, the relevant questions are how has high-speed
telemetry changed the drilling process, and what further changes
will we see in the near future? This article first intends to explain
why oilfield service companies continually strive for higher
telemetry data rates. It then identifies and exemplifies fields of
application for both available technologies--high-speed mud-pulse
telemetry and wired drillstring telemetry--with two case histories.
The conclusion provides an outlook on possible future opportunities
and technological developments.
................................................................
NUCLEAR LOGGING 1,003,412
AMBIENT-ACTIVATED SWITCH FOR DOWNHOLE
OPERATIONS
D.F.Dorffer and D.L.Crawford, asrs. (Halliburton Energy
Service). World 2009/038,554A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/18/2007 (Appl.
0,720,225) (E21B-0047/00). (31 pp)
In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a radiation source
to output radiation after power is supplied. The apparatus also
includes a power source to supply power. The apparatus includes an
ambient-activated switch electrically coupled between the radiation
source and the power source. The ambient-activated switch is to
switch to an open position while a value for an ambient
characteristic for the ambient-activated switch is at an ambient
level for a surface of the Earth. The ambient-activated switch is to
switch to a closed position while the value for the ambient
characteristic for the ambient-activated switch is at a downhole
ambient level, wherein the ambient-activated switch is to
electrically couple the power source to the radiation source while in
the closed position.
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
WELL LOGGING & SURVEYING
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC LOGGING 1,003,413
APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR RESONANCE LOGGING
TECHNIQUE TO RESERVOIR EVALUATION
Y.G.Zhao and F.Wu (China Univ Geosci, Wuhan; Sinopec).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.6a,42-44, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
RESISTIVITY LOGGING 1,003,414
[R] HIGH RESOLUTION RESISTIVITY EARTH IMAGER
G.B.Itskovich, A.N.Bespalov and R.Gold, asrs. (Baker Hughes
Inc). U.S. 7,394,258B2, c. 7/1/2008, f. 8/15/2005 (Appl. 203,829)
(G01V-0003/00; G01V-0003/02). (9 pp) SRPA# 925,692
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #925,692]
................................................................
SCINTILLATION COUNTER 1,003,415
FIBER OPTIC ENHANCED SCINTILLATOR DETECTOR
K.A.Pandelisev. U.S. 2009/0,020,705A1, p. 1/22/2009, f.
7/21/2008 (Appl. 177,136), pr. U.S. 2/26/2001 (Appl. 60/270,904) and
U.S. 6/15/2001 (Appl. 881,104) (G01T-0001/20). (17 pp)
The new scintillators are connected at one or more points or on
one or more sides or faces, or on any or all sides to conductors
which are collimators, lenses or fiber ends. Optical fibers in cables
conduct the photons generated by the crystal scintillators to
photon-actuated devices. The devices may be mounted near the
crystal scintillators or remote from the crystal scintillators, for
example on surfaces near drilled wells or exploration holes. The
crystals or scintillators have any of several cross-sections. Down
hole detectors or detectors used in other adverse conditions are
ruggedized, with rugged flexible outer cases which are transparent
to the looked-for energy, particles or rays, gamma rays for example.
Inner scintillator construction of multiple aligned or angularly
related scintillators connected to optical fiber ends allow bending,
twisting and flexing without damaging scintillator arrays,
individual scintillators, lenses or fiber optic connections. Optical
fibers are connected to optical couplers on gamma camera plate
scintillators to transmit patterns of photons through optical fiber
cables to remote reading, storing or detecting sites. Illumination of
remote sites is provided by fibers that parallel the photon
conducting fibers.
................................................................
SONIC LOGGING 1,003,416
ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTER COMPRISING A PLURALITY
OF PIEZOELECTRIC PLATES
M.W.Mickael and D.A.Jones, asrs. (Precision Energy Svcs Inc).
U.S. 2009/0,022,011A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/20/2007 (Appl. 780,957)
(G01V-0001/40). (10 pp)
An acoustic transmitter with preferably a plurality of
piezoelectric plates configured to optimized acoustic pressure
output within a desired frequency range while meeting physical
restrictions of LWD and MWD logging systems. The transmitter is
disposed in a recess in the perimeter of a logging tool housing to
reduce acoustic pressure waves transmitted directly along the tool
housing and to optimize acoustic energy transmission into the
borehole environs. In order to increase acoustic pressure output at
a desired logging frequency range, the plurality of piezoelectric
plates are connected electrically in parallel and fired
simultaneously. The polarity of the plates and the wiring
arrangement are such that each plate expands or contracts in a
common direction during simultaneous firing by an applied voltage.
The desired output frequency is obtained by selectively polarizing
and dimensioning the plates within the plate assembly. The plate
assembly is preferably disposed within an oil filled pressure
housing that is pressure and temperature compensated.
................................................................
SONIC LOGGING 1,003,417
ANALYSIS OF NONCIRCULAR FLUID-FILLED
BOREHOLES IN ELASTIC FORMATIONS USING A
PERTURBATION MODEL
51
WELL LOGGING & SURVEYING
E.Simsek and B.K.Sinha (Schlumberger Doll Research). THE
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.124,
no.1, pp.213-217, July 2008. (ISSN 0001-4966; Over 10 refs)
Borehole cross section affects the propagation of guided modes,
such as the lowest-order axisymmetric Stoneley, flexural, and
quadrupole modes. Breakouts, which are commonly encountered
during underbalance drilling in the presence of large tectonic
stresses, can cause complex perturbations to the borehole cross
section. A perturbation model is presented to obtain flexural mode
dispersions of noncircular fluid-filled boreholes in homogeneous
elastic formations. The perturbation model is based on Hamilton’s
principle with a modified procedure for the reference state selection
in order to handle the directional sensitivity of the flexural modes.
The accuracy of the perturbation model has been confirmed by
comparison to boundary integral solutions. Numerical results
confirm that for a fast formation, even modes, and for a slow
formation, odd modes are more sensitive to changes in the borehole
elongation and azimuth. Even though the focus of this work is on
elliptical boreholes and breakouts, the formulation is valid for any
kind of noncircular borehole.
................................................................
WATER SATURATION 1,003,418
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SATURATION SENSITIVITY
CHARTS FOR DIFFERENT SHALY SAND MODELS FOR
UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF VOLUMETRIC IN-
PLACE ESTIMATE
S.S.El-Sayed (Cairo Univ). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119690; Available on
CD-ROM; 10 pp; Over 10 refs)
In this work, a methodology is presented to assess the
uncertainty in the hydrocarbon saturation estimated from open
hole logs using the commonly used empirical and theoretical shaly
sand models. This technique is based on development of water
saturation sensitivity charts for the most commonly used water
saturation models (Simandoux, Indonesian, Waxman and Smits,
Dual Water, and Effective Medium) due to the uncertainty in the
different input parameters to each model separately. Both
analytical and numerical error analysis techniques were used to
develop these charts and, hence, used as a forward tool to quantify
the uncertainty in the hydrocarbon saturation due to the
uncertainty in the core and shale properties. Fifteen wells with
1300 shaly sand points from Alam Bewab formation, in the western
desert of Egypt, were used as the data base in generating these
sensitivity charts. General water saturation sensitivity charts were
developed for each model based on the above mentioned database
and validated mathematically. These charts can be easily used to
predict the uncertainty in hydrocarbon saturation estimate due to
uncertainty in the input data. It can be used as a screening tool to
select the best saturation model based on the input data
uncertainty. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
WELL LOG INTERPRETATION 1,003,419
USING LOGGING DATA TO EVALUATE LOW POROSITY
AND LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR AND ITS
GEOLOGIC AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION
H.Y.Wu (Tianjin Univ). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
(TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.5a-6a,39-41, 7/25/2007.
(ISSN 1000-0976; 7 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
WELL LOG INTERPRETATION 1,003,420
LOGGING EVALUATION FOR CAVE- AND PORE-TYPE
LIMESTONE RESERVOIRS IN TAHE OILFIELD
Z.J.Fan, J.H.Liu and Y.Ma (Sinopec). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.7a,45-48,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; Over 10 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
52 Petroleum Abstracts
WELL LOGGING EQUIPMENT 1,003,421
[R] MODULAR DOWNHOLE TOOL SYSTEM
R.Martinez and J.W.Smits, asrs. (Schlumberger Technol Corp).
U.S. 7,394,257B2, c. 7/1/2008, f. 3/30/2005 (Appl. 907,368)
(G01V-0003/18). (8 pp) SRPA# 927,205
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #927,205]
................................................................
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
ACID CLEANING (WELL) 1,003,422
CASE HISTORY: SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF
COMBINED ROTARY-JETTING AND MLT TO STIMULATE
DUAL-LATERAL PRODUCER IN GHAWAR FIELD
M.H.Al-Buali, I.H.Al-Arnaout, A.M.Al-Shehri, S.Haldar and
S.M.Al-Driweesh (Saudi Aramco). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL
& GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119675; Available on
CD-ROM; 8 pp; 9 refs)
This paper will describe a unique utilization of a combined high
energy rotary-jetting tool with a multilateral tool (MLT) to access
and treat a dual-lateral oil producer in the southern part of Ghawar
field. The main purpose of utilizing this combined tool was to acid
wash the Arab-D horizontal section of both laterals with nitrified
hydrochloric acid using coiled tubing (CT). The objectives of the
treatment were to increase flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP),
remove formation damage and return the well to production. The
rotary-jetting tool is a high energy jetting tool that maximizes
performance of treatment fluids while minimizing the need for
large acid volumes. It can be run with the MLT to enable accessing
and stimulating both laterals in a single trip. The implementation
of the combined tool resulted in accessing and stimulating both
laterals successfully. The well was returned to production at a rate
of 11,000 barrels of oil per day (BOPD). The volume of acid was
reduced due to utilizing the rotary-jetting tool, which maximized
fluid treatment performance. This paper will cover the whole cycle
of candidate selection, job design, execution, post job evaluation and
conclusion. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
ACID FRACTURING 1,003,423
LARGE-SCALE ACID FRACTURING TECHNIQUES IN
PUGUANG GASFIELD
L.Q.Zhao, N.Y.Li, W.J.Li, P.L.Liu and Q.Zhang (Southwest
Petroleum Univ; Sinopec). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
(TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.1a,4-7, 7/25/2007. (ISSN
1000-0976; 6 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
ACID INHIBITOR 1,003,424
DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL ACIDIZING INHIBITORS FOR
CARBON STEEL CORROSION IN 15% BOILING
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
A.R.Sathiya Priya, V.S.Muralidharan and A.Subramania
(Alagappa Univ; Central Electrochem Inst). CORROSION v.64,
no.6, pp.541-552, June 2008. (ISSN 0010-9312; Over 10 refs)
The inhibitive action of 1-cinnamylidine-3-thiocarbohydrazide
(CTCH) and 1,1’-dicinnamylidine-3-thiocarbohydrazide (DCTCH)
against the corrosion of carbon steel in 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl)
was investigated using nonelectrochemical and electrochemical
techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the
compounds were mixed-type inhibitors and exhibited more than
97% inhibition efficiency at 1,500 ppm of inhibitor concentration.
The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel
in 15% HCl with 1,500 ppm of inhibitors was studied in the
temperature range from 30°C to 110°C. The surface coverage (θ)
increased linearly with the logarithm of the inhibitor concentration
fitting a Temkin adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters,
including the free energy of adsorption, activation energy, enthalpy,
entropy, and heat of adsorption, were also calculated. The inhibitors
July 25, 2009

reduced the hydrogen permeation current effectively through the
steel surface. The protective film formed on the metal surface by
the adsorption of organic compounds was confirmed using Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV)-visible reflectance, and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Acidization of a
petroleum oil well is one of the most important stimulation
techniques for enhancing oil production. It is commonly brought
about by forcing 15% to 28% HCl as a solution into the well to open
up near-bore channels in the formation and, hence, to increase the
flow of oil. To reduce the aggressive attack of the acid on tubing and
casing materials, inhibitors are added to the acid solution during
the acidifying process.
................................................................
ANCHOR PACKER 1,003,425
[R] PACKER
I.Macleod and S.Reid. U.S. 2008/0,156,500A1, p. 7/3/2008, f.
4/10/2006 (Appl. 909,820), pr. Gr. Brit. 4/9/2005 (Appl. 0,507,237)
and World 4/10/2006 (Appl. 0,601,297) (E21B-0023/04;
E21B-0033/12). (12 pp) SRPA# 919,270
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #919,270]
................................................................
CASING COUPLING 1,003,426
[R] EXPANDABLE WELLBORE JUNCTION
J.C.Gano, T.A.Freeman, J.R.Longbottom and J.S.Bowling, asrs.
(Halliburton Energy Service). Europe. 1,914,380A1, p. 4/23/2008, f.
5/12/1999 (Appl. 07,075,994), pr. U.S. 5/28/1998 (Appl. 86,716)
(E21B-0041/00). (41 pp) SRPA# 723,881
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #723,881]
................................................................
CASING STRING DESIGN 1,003,427
PLANNING OPTIMAL CASING POINTS
R.Khosravanian, M.B.Aranezhad, S.J.Sadjadi, F.Barzinpour,
B.S.Aadnoy and A.Naderifar (Iran Univ Sci & Technology;
Stavanger Univ; Amirkabir Univ Technology). WORLD OIL v.230,
no.6, pp.39-42, June 2009. (ISSN 0043-8790; 3 refs)
Determining optimal casing points is a challenging task since
many engineering and geologic variables affect each other and are
often non-linear. A new mathematical formulation and procedure
for optimizing casing string placement was used in a study on the
application of non-traditional optimization techniques--simulating
annealing (SA)--to determine near-optimum casing points of wells
in a case study of South Pars gas field in the Persian Gulf of Iran.
The model is applied to the practical design of the wells, and
numerical results illustrate its accuracy and efficiency.
................................................................
CEMENTING 1,003,428
REVERSE-CIRCULATION CEMENTING OF SURFACE
CASING
S.Chase and G.Maier. U.S. 2009/0,020,285A1, p. 1/22/2009, f.
7/16/2007 (Appl. 778,261) (E21B-0033/04; E21B-0034/10). (8 pp)
An apparatus for reverse circulation cementing of surface
casing in subterranean formations and associated methods are
provided. One example of a method may involve a method of
reverse circulation cementing a surface casing in a well bore with a
conductor casing positioned therein comprising: providing a tool
comprising at least one isolation device coupled to the surface
casing; positioning the isolation device in the well bore to isolate an
annulus between the surface casing and the conductor casing;
flowing cement through a port in the conductor casing in a reverse
circulation direction; and allowing the cement to set therein.
................................................................
CEMENTING 1,003,429
CEMENT SLURRY TO SEAL THE PIPES IN DIRECTIONAL
HOLES [ZACZYNY CEMENTOWE DO USZCZELNIANIA
RUR W OTWORACH KIERUNKOWYCH]
Z.Katna (Oil & Gas Inst (Poland)). NAFTA-GAZ v.63, no.5,
pp.321-328, May 2007. (ISSN 0867-8871; 6 refs; In Polish)
This article presents test results of cement slurry intended for
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
sealing the pipes in directional holes. Special agents were used
which prevented formation of free water and sedimentation of solid
phase in the slurry. Certain types of cement slurry were worked out
with the addition of magnesium chloride, which do not undergo
sedimentation or cause water settlement, therefore they can be
used to seal the pipes in directional holes.
................................................................
CENTRALIZER 1,003,430
[R] DOWNHOLE TOOLS
J.T.O.Thornton, asr. (Brunel Oilfield Serv Ltd). U.S.
2008/0,156,488A1, p. 7/3/2008, f. 3/13/2008 (Appl. 47,795), pr. Gr.
Brit. 6/30/2000 (Appl. 0,016,145), World 6/28/2001 (Appl.
0,102,855) and U.S. 1/30/2003 (Appl. 312,605) (E21B-0017/10). (26
pp) SRPA# 778,160
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #778,160]
................................................................
CHECK VALVE 1,003,431
FRANGIBLE FLAPPER VALVE WITH HYDRAULIC IMPACT
SLEEVE
R.J.Ross and R.LaFargue, asrs. (BJ Services Co). U.S.
2009/0,020,290A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/16/2007 (Appl. 879,182)
(E21B-0034/00). (14 pp)
A frangible flapper valve is described that may be closed to
hydraulically isolate a portion of a wellbore tubular. The flapper
valve is made of a frangible material adapted to shatter upon
impact from an impact sleeve. The sleeve may be used to initially
hold open the flapper valve. A latching mechanism may be used to
retain the sleeve above its initial position allowing the flapper to
close isolating a portion of the tubular. The latching mechanism
may engage a piston to retain the sleeve at the second position. A
shearable device adapted to shear under a predetermined pressure
selectively connects the piston to the tubular. When the pressure
within the tubular increases above the predetermined amount the
shearable device releases the piston and pushes the sleeve into the
closed flapper valve causing the flapper valve to shatter. A second
latching mechanism may prevent further movement of the sleeve.
................................................................
COILED TUBING EQUIPMENT 1,003,432
A TOOL FOR LINER RUNNING AND CEMENTING USING
ELECTRIC-LINE COILED TUBING
K.Bybee. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.66-67, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-120992)
This article contains highlights of paper SPE-120992, "The Side
Exhaust Liner-Running Tool: A Tool for Liner Running and
Cementing Using E-Line Coiled tubing," by Greg Sarber, SPE, and
Mark Johnson, SPE, BPXA; Bob Harris, SPE, and Carl Diller,
Northern Solutions; and John Milne and Alan Holloway, Baker
Hughes, originally prepared for the 2009 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing
and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands,
Texas, 31 March - 1 April.
................................................................
CONE PACKER 1,003,433
[R] NON-BACKED-UP PACKING ELEMENT SYSTEM
J.P.Vinson, D.E.Kroll, D.S.Bishop and K.W.Clark. U.S.
2008/0,156,501A1, p. 7/3/2008, f. 12/29/2006 (Appl. 647,677)
(E21B-0033/12). (11 pp) SRPA# 974,234
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #974,234]
................................................................
CONTROL VALVE 1,003,434
ANNULAR PRESSURE MONITORING DURING
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
M.H.Johnson, asr. (Baker Hughes Inc). World 2009/038,999A1,
p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/9/2008 (Appl. 0,875,696), pr. U.S. 9/18/2007 (Appl.
0,857,052) (E21B-0034/08; H04R-0001/28; E21B-0043/00). (10 pp)
A pressure or flow responsive valve is provided in a hydraulic
fracturing assembly so that if the formation sands out during
proppant pumping and pressure in the bypass to the annulus
around the work string rises, the bypass is closed by the valve to
53
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
prevent overpressure of lower pressure rated components further
uphole from the formation being treated. These components could
be large casing or the blowout preventer assembly.
................................................................
EXPANDER (EQUIPMENT) 1,003,435
[R] PIPE EXPANDER
S.M.Roggeband, A.L.M.Wubben and D.H.Zijsling, asrs. (Shell
Internat Res Mij BV). Gr. Brit. 2,442,903A, p. 4/16/2008, f.
7/20/2006 (Appl. 0,801,610), pr. Europe. 8/5/2005 (Appl. 05,107,253)
and World 7/20/2006 (Appl. 0,664,449) (E21B-0043/10;
B21D-0039/10). (24 pp) SRPA# 925,725
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #925,725]
................................................................
EXPANSIBLE SCREEN 1,003,436
[R] DOWNHOLE APPARATUS
P.D.Metcalfe. World 2009/001,073A2, p. 12/31/2008, f. 6/25/2008
(Appl. 0,802,165), pr. Gr. Brit. 6/26/2007 (Appl. 0,712,345)
(E21B-0043/02; E21B-0033/129; E21B-0043/10; E21B-0043/08;
E21B-0033/127). (45 pp) SRPA# 992,953
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #992,953]
................................................................
EXPANSIBLE TUBING 1,003,437
[R] METHOD OF SELECTIVE PLASTIC EXPANSION OF
SECTIONS OF A TUBING
R.J.Coon, W.C.M.Lohbeck, G.R.Nazzal and T.J.Frank, asrs.
(Shell Internat Res Mij BV). Can. 2,365,960A1, p. 10/19/2000, f.
4/6/2000 (Appl. 2,365,960), pr. U.S. 4/9/1999 (Appl. 289,928) and
World 4/6/2000 (Appl. 0,003,104) (E21B-029/00). (11 pp) SRPA#
748,858
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #748,858]
................................................................
FORMATION PACKER 1,003,438
[R] METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SETTING A BOTTOM
PACKER
R.Freyer. U.S. 2008/0,156,502A1, p. 7/3/2008, f. 3/13/2006 (Appl.
817,965), pr. Norw. 3/15/2005 (Appl. 20,051,327) and World
3/13/2006 (Appl. 0,600,091) (E21B-0033/12). (6 pp) SRPA# 918,616
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #918,616]
................................................................
FRICTION LOSS ADDITIVE 1,003,439
FRICTION REDUCER PERFORMANCE BY COMPLEXING
MULTIVALENT IONS IN WATER
D.E.McMechan, R.E.Hanes, Jr., I.D.Robb, T.D.Welton, K.L.King,
B.J.King and J.Chatterji, asrs. (Halliburton Energy Service). U.S.
2009/0,023,617A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/17/2007 (Appl. 879,423)
(C09K-0008/60). (8 pp)
Embodiments relate to improving the performance of anionic
friction reducing polymers in water containing multivalent ions.
Exemplary embodiments relate to methods of improving the
performance of anionic friction reducing polymers in a
subterranean treatment, wherein the method comprises adding a
complexing agent to water comprising multivalent ions. The
method comprises adding the anionic friction reducing polymer to
the water comprising the multivalent ions, wherein the anionic
friction reducing polymer is added in an amount less than or equal
to about 0.15% by weight of the water. The method comprises
introducing the water comprising the multivalent ions, the
complexing agent and the anionic friction reducing polymer into at
least a portion of the subterranean formation such that the friction
reducing polymer reduces energy loss due to turbulence in the
water. The complexing agent complexes with at least a portion of
the multivalent ions in the water such that the reduction of energy
loss by the friction reducing polymer is improved. The compositions
have application in drilling fluids as well as fracturing fluids
commonly referred to as slick water fracturing.
................................................................
54 Petroleum Abstracts
GAS FRACTURING 1,003,440
[R] MAXIMIZING ENERGY AT COALFACE FOR COALBED-
METHANE FRACTURING
K.Bybee. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.59-60, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-114974) SRLA#
979,309
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #979,309]
................................................................
HORIZONTAL WELL COMPLETION 1,003,441
INFLOW CONTROL DEVICE AN INNOVATIVE
COMPLETION SOLUTION FROM "EXTENDED WELLBORE
TO EXTENDED WELL LIFE CYCLE"
S.A.Al Arfi, S.E.A.Salem, A.A.S.Keshka, S.Al-Bakr, A.H.Amiri,
A.Y.El-Barbary, M.Elasmar and O.Y.Mohamed (Abu Dhabi Co
Onshore Oper; Baker Oil Tools). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119599; Available on
CD-ROM; 6 pp; 2 refs)
The inflow control device (ICD) is a new completion system that
will optimize production, delay water progress, eliminate/minimize
annular flow, and ensure a uniform inflow along the horizontal
wellbore at the cost of a minute pressure drop. The non-uniform
production profile across the horizontal hole, especially in the
highly heterogeneous and fractured reservoirs, can result in
premature water production, bypassed oil and lower ultimate
recovery. The problem was identified through production logging of
several horizontal wells, which indicated a non-uniform production
profile across the horizontal holes. The successful implementation
of this technology was achieved by the use of an integrated
approach to select the appropriate technology and method for
addressing the problem. A case history will be presented where this
new production technology has resulted in significant net present
value (NPV) and improved production via an extended well-life
cycle. The ICD equalizer system was installed in one new and an
existing well with the aim to evaluate the viability of the technique.
Both installations were successful and the preliminary surface
testing results of the wells performance on different rates indicated
a uniform production profile across the horizontal hole and a drop
in the existing well water cut (from 7% to traces). (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING 1,003,442
[R] METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ALTERING PORE
PRESSURE IN A FRACTURING OPERATION
A.Mese, C.M.Sayers, D.Lee and P.J.Hooyman. U.S.
2008/0,156,484A1, p. 7/3/2008, f. 12/29/2006 (Appl. 648,036)
(E21B-0047/026). (18 pp) SRPA# 974,254
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #974,254]
................................................................
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING 1,003,443
HORIZONTAL WELL SECTIONAL FRAC TECHNIQUE
WITH DUAL-RETRIEVABLE PACKERS IN DAQING
OILFIELD
Y.Liang, Q.Yue, Z.Zhang, Q.Li, J.Xie, L.Ban and B.Li (China
Univ Petroleum; Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119071;
Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp; 4 refs)
Horizontal well technology is a technological revolution in the
oil industry, and it is one of the most important methods of thick
layer sustainable production and marginal low permeable
formation exploitation in the Daqing oilfield. It is commonly
believed that fracturing is an effective way to recover oil from thin,
low porosity and low permeability sands. However, the existing frac
technique in the horizontal wells--the limited entry frac--is a type of
commingled frac method that cannot guarantee the fractures’
opening and extension uniformly owing to heterogeneity formation.
A novel sectional frac techniqueusing dual-retrievable packers
separately stimulating the specific intervals one by one has been
developed to recover low permeable reservoirs in the horizontal
July 25, 2009

wells. The sectional frac string chosen includes high pressure, high
temperature tools which have been used in several well
applications, as well as long-term testing in a laboratory
environment to differential pressures of 7300 psi at 190°F, with
functions of stuck string prevention, stuck string releasing and
reversal of sand flushing. Five interval treatments can be done in
one trip. Up to now, this technique has been successfully applied to
55 horizontal wells in the Daqing oilfield and 281 intervals were
fractured in the field. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
NEW ALTERNATIVE TO SELECTIVELY FRACTURE
STIMULATE EXTENDED-REACH, HORIZONTAL WELLS
J.B.Surjaatmadja and L.Sierra (Halliburton). 16TH SPE
MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS
2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS
(SPE-119475; Available on CD-ROM; 10 pp; Over 10 refs)
The requirements of oil and gas producers to maximize
hydrocarbon recovery in low-permeability environments have often
been satisfied by drilling longer cased or openhole horizontal
sections or by maximizing reservoir contact by perforating multiple
laterals or branches to the main bore. As production declines, these
complex well completions have brought many challenges to well
interventions and stimulations. The number of such complex wells
and the number of selective packerless fracture stimulations in
long horizontal sections have increased significantly in the last few
years, especially in Saudi Arabin oil/gas producing wells, and,
eventually, for improving injectivity of water-injector wells. The
selective and packerless fracture stimulation technology in wells
completed with long, horizontal open holes or cased holes has not
been possible until now, especially when coiled tubing is used. This
is because the coiled tubing, when equipped with the selective
fracturing tool, will not be able to reach the entire horizontal
section without the use of mechanical tractors or agitators and
because of the incompatibility of the tool assembly and
tractor/agitator systems. This paper presents, for the first time, a
new tool designed to make tractor/agitator systems compatible with
the selective fracturing tool. It presents a detailed job design and
considerations used to perform the first field application of the tool
in Saudi Arabia. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
INHIBITOR SQUEEZE
[R] FORMATION MINERALOGY AFFECTS
INHIBITOR SQUEEZE DESIGNS
K.Bybee. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.51-53, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-113261) SRLA#
983,119
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #983,119]
................................................................
INTELLIGENT WELL
VIABILITY STUDY OF IMPLEMENTING
SMART/INTELLIGENT COMPLETION IN COMMINGLED
WELLS IN AN AUSTRALIAN OFFSHORE OIL FIELD
M.N.Pari and A.H.Kabir (Iran Petrol Univ Technol; Curtin Univ
Technology). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston,
TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122654; Available
on CD-ROM; 9 pp; 3 refs)
Simulating automated action of smart well components
represents a challenge in forecasting performance of such wells,
which is fundamental in their design decisions. For example, wells
equipped with inflow control valves (ICV) where zones have to be
switched on, off or partially closed based on their performance
relative to the rest of the wells/completions in the field, share the
same surface network and facilities constraints. In this paper, we
present a study that has been carried out to justify installation of a
surface controlled ICV in a group of wells in an offshore Australian
field with commingled production. The merit of surface controlled
ICV versus uncontrolled commingled production has been
compared. A numerical reservoir simulator has been used to model
reservoir performance and production from individual zones. Also,
well and production network has been simulated using a well and
July 25, 2009
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
production network flow simulator. An interface simulation
manager is used to facilitate information exchange between the two
simulation programs and optimization of the process. Also, we have
done a typical economic analysis for smart well completion
implementation. The results show that smart completion is viable
for this field. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
INTERNAL COATING 1,003,447
[R] APPLICATION OF INTERNAL PLASTIC COATINGS
1,003,444 FOR OILFIELD TUBULAR GOODS AND ACCESSORIES
NACE STANDARD SP0191-2008 2008. (ISBN 1-57590-153-6;
Revised RP0191-96; 13 pp; Over 10 refs) SRLA# 639,826
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #639,826]
................................................................
2009. LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT 1,003,448
LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENTING SEALS DEPLETED ZONES
R.Reyes, J.Brown, B.Measles, J.Lopez and G.Torres
(Halliburton; Pioneer Natural Resources). WORLD OIL v.230, no.6,
pp.35-38, June 2009. (ISSN 0043-8790; 4 refs)
A lightweight cement lead slurry sealed underpressured
reservoirs, saving up to $4 million in remedial squeezes. Because of
the cyclical nature of the commodity market and the constant
change in commodity prices, operators must reduce the overall cost
while pursuing more challenging wells. One such environment is
the Wolfberry (Spraberry) play in West Texas. Remedial cementing
has an adverse effect on well economics, as well as compromising
the wellbore because of squeeze perforations. Engineered solutions
and application of new technology have addressed several of these
issues and allowed drilling in basin areas that were previously
thought to have marginal economics.
................................................................
LINER (WELL) 1,003,449
[R] SOLID EXPANDABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR ZONAL
ISOLATION OF LOSS CIRCULATION FORMATION: CASE
STUDY SHUAIBA FORMATION
J.Ekpe, A.Alexeenko, J.Al-Thuwaini, M.Emad and R.Khanlarov
(LUKOIL Saudi Arabia Ltd). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-117276; Available on
1,003,445 CD-ROM; 6 pp) SRLA# 991,488
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #991,488]
SCALE-
................................................................
MATRIX ACIDIZING 1,003,450
FROM PORE SCALE TO WELLBORE SCALE: IMPACT OF
GEOMETRY ON WORMHOLE GROWTH IN CARBONATE
ACIDIZATION
C.E.Cohen, D.Ding, M.Quintard and B.Bazin (Inst Francais du
1,003,446 Petrole; Inst Mecanique Fluides). CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SCIENCE v.63, no.12, pp.3088-3099, June 2008. (ISSN 0009-2509;
Over 10 refs)
Acid injection in carbonate reservoir is commonly used in the
oil industry to improve, or at least recover, its productivity. The aim
of this stimulation technique is to create empty channels called
wormholes which, if successful, would bypass the damaged area
near the wellbore. During production, wormholes become pathways
for the reservoir oil to reach the well. This technique increases
near-wellbore permeability, and therefore improves oil production.
The interaction between the transport of acid, chemical reaction,
and heterogeneities encountered at different scales, controls the
unstable behaviour of wormholing and, thus, the success of the
treatment. Most of the experimental and numerical studies done on
this subject in the past have been limited in their observations
because they only considered the dissolution process at a small
scale (from pore scale to core scale). The purpose of this work is to
study how the geometry of the domain can constrain wormhole
competition, and influence wormholing dynamics in a core
submitted to acidizing. After a short review of the literature on
wormholing to see how the geometry effect could have influenced
previous experiments, we study specifically the question of
wormhole density. We emphasize that two mechanisms are involved
Petroleum Abstracts 55
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
in wormhole competition, with one of them being effective only at
small scale. Thus we conclude that wormholing is not a full-scale
independent process. ... (c2008 Elsevier Ltd.) (Longer abstract
available)
................................................................
MULTILATERAL WELL
SUCCESSFUL STIMULATION OF
PRODUCER IN GHAWAR FIELD
K.Bybee. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.54,56-57, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-119675)
This article contains highlights of paper SPE-119675, "Case
History: Successful Application of Combined Rotary-Jetting and
MLT To Stimulate Dual-Lateral Producer in Ghawar Field," by
Muhammad H. Al-Buali, SPE, Ibrahim H. Al-Arnaout, SPE, Ayed
M. Al-Shehri, SPE, Surajit Haldar, SPE, and Saad M. Al-Driweesh,
SPE, Saudi Aramco, originally prepared for the 2009 SPE Middle
East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Bahrain, 15-18 March.
................................................................
PERMANENT DOWNHOLE SENSOR
INTEGRATING REAL-TIME DOWNHOLE DATA TO
ENHANCE GAS-LIFT COMPLETION STRATEGIES AND
PERFORATION PRACTICES
H.D.Ibrahim, S.Al-Balushi, W.Al-Shizawi and S.Beattie
(Petroleum Development Oman; Zenith Oilfield Technology). 16TH
SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-119640; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp)
This paper discusses the use of downhole gauges not only for
monitoring pressure and temperature, but also for production-
optimization, enhancing completion design, perforating and cost-
management efforts. Real-time downhole gauges have been used in
oilfields for many applications in the past. Despite this, permanent
downhole gauges have only been installed for gas-lift wells in one of
PDO’s fields since 2007. The requirement for the monitoring system
was to closely monitor the bottomhole conditions for the purpose of
water injection in a 5-spot pattern application. Installing
permanent gauges in 2008 clarified three important areas: the
wireline operations prior to perforation; the correct method for
perforating; and the adherence to the issued program. While
kicking off the well using gas lift, readings from the gauges
revealed a gas-lift valve problem that instantly led to the decision
to suspend perforation and change the malfunctioning valves. After
rectifying the issue, perforating operations resumed and individual
production tests were carried out to clarify the well’s future
potential. As a result, an operating-expense saving of more than
$500,000 was achieved in the 2008 new well campaign. The added
benefit of improved completion operations and production
optimization has proved very useful. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PESTICIDE
MICROBICIDAL COMPOSITION
R.Levy, B.J.El A’mma, B.Heer, K.Pareek and J.W.Ashmore. U.S.
2009/0,023,790A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/8/2008 (Appl. 217,692), pr.
Europe. 7/18/2007 (Appl. 07,290,902)
A01P-0001/00). (11 pp)
Synergistic microbicidal compositions
methyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one are described. The compositions
can be used to inhibit the growth of higher forms of aquatic life and
have application to oilfield fluids such as injection water, fracture
fluids and drilling muds.
................................................................
PESTICIDE
MICROBICIDAL COMPOSITION
R.Levy, B.J.El A’mma, B.Heer and K.Pareek. U.S.
2009/0,023,688A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/8/2008 (Appl. 217,680), pr.
Europe. 7/18/2007 (Appl. 07,290,901) (A01N-0043/76;
A01N-0043/80; A01N-0037/02; A01N-0037/12; A61K-0031/195;
A01P-0001/00; A01N-0057/10; A01N-0043/78; A01N-0031/00;
A01N-0043/66). (12 pp)
Synergistic microbicidal compositions containing N-
56
methyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one are described. The compositions
can be used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms or higher
forms of aquatic life and have application in the petroleum industry
such as injection water, fracturing fluids and drilling muds.
................................................................
1,003,451 PIPE ELEVATOR 1,003,455
DUAL-LATERAL [R] APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FACILITATING
CONNECTION OF A TUBULAR TO A STRING OF
TUBULARS
F.M.Leicht, J.C.Birdwell, M.W.Hayes, L.Speij,
J.L.Hollingsworth, S.L.Albright, J.D.Bearb and E.Abrahamsen,
asrs. (Weatherford/Lamb Inc). Can. 2,331,575A1, p. 11/18/1999, f.
5/12/1999 (Appl. 2,331,575), pr. U.S. 5/12/1998 (Appl. 76,507) and
World 5/12/1999 (Appl. 9,901,270) (E21B-019/02; E21B-019/06;
E21B-019/08; E21B-019/16). (23 pp) SRPA# 723,396
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #723,396]
................................................................
PROPPING MATERIAL 1,003,456
1,003,452
PROPPANT, A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION
THEREOF AND A FORMATION HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
METHOD USING THE THUS PRODUCED PROPPANT
J.R.S.Ferrero and E.M.Pershikova, asrs. (Schlumberger Canada
Ltd; Schlumberger Serv Petrol; Schlumberger Holdings Ltd;
Schlumberger Technol BV; Prad Research & Develop NV). World
2009/038,491A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/18/2007 (Appl. 0,700,502)
(C09K-0008/80; E21B-0043/267; C04B-0035/64). (20 pp; In
Russian)
The invention relates to the gas and oil producing industry and
can be used for increasing the performance of production wells by
preventing fractures from being closed using propping granules
(proppants) when carrying out the hydraulic fracturing of
productive oil formations.
................................................................
RELEASABLE MECHANISM 1,003,457
APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR
DISCONNECTING AN ELONGATED MEMBER EXTENDING
FROM A WATERBORNE VESSEL
B.Burnette, asr. (BJ Services Co). U.S. 2009/0,020,060A1, p.
1/22/2009, f. 7/11/2008 (Appl. 171,603), pr. U.S. 7/20/2007 (Appl.
60/961,344) (B63B-0021/00). (10 pp)
In some embodiments, apparatus for disconnecting at least one
elongated member extending between a waterborne vessel and at
least one other object includes a cable extendable between the
waterborne vessel and the other object. When the distance between
the waterborne vessel and the other object exceeds a certain
distance, the cable causes the at least one elongated member to be
released from the vessel or other object. The apparatus has
application in offshore well stimulation such as hydraulic
1,003,453 fracturing or acidizing when an emergency requires termination of
the operation.
................................................................
RUPTURE DISK 1,003,458
(A01N-0043/80;
[R] HYDRAULICALLY CONTROLLED BURST DISK SUBS
(HCBS)
containing N-
M.V.Phi, P.Y.Huang and M.D.Murrey. U.S. 2008/0,156,498A1, p.
7/3/2008, f. 2/10/2006 (Appl. 883,285), pr. U.S. 3/18/2005 (Appl.
60/663,216) and World 2/10/2006 (Appl. 0,604,967) (E21B-0029/06).
(12 pp) SRPA# 919,333
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #919,333]
................................................................
1,003,454
SAFETY VALVE 1,003,459
[R] SAFETY VALVE WITH FLAPPER/FLOW TUBE
FRICTION REDUCER
F.D.Kalb, J.R.Williamson and J.D.Vick. U.S. 2008/0,156,497A1,
p. 7/3/2008, f. 1/2/2007 (Appl. 619,150) (E21B-0034/00). (10 pp)
SRPA# 974,276
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #974,276]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

SAFETY VALVE 1,003,460
SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR
ULTRADEEPWATER APPLICATIONS
D.E.Bane and B.Peoples (Baker Hughes Inc). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19870; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp; 1 ref)
The typical subsurface safety valve for deepwater high-
pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) subsea applications employs
many operational techniques including pressure-balanced pistons
using gas energy for assisted closure, hydraulic balance lines, or a
heavy spring to ensure failsafe closure in the event of an emergency
shutdown. Each of these techniques has an impact on the valve’s
characteristics, which can raise concerns about valve operation or
reliability. A solution is desired that minimizes valve opening
pressures by balancing tubing pressure, yet allowing extreme valve
setting depth capability without compromising operational
characteristics such as high opening pressures or pressure-
balanced pistons using long term valve gas charge storage. This
paper discusses a new surface-controlled subsurface safety valve
(SCSSV) control system that uses the low opening pressures of a
tubing pressure-insensitive safety valve, without gas-charged
assisted closure or dual control lines for balanced line applications.
This system eliminates the need for pressure reversals across the
valve’s critical actuating piston seals, which increases valve
reliability and sealing performance while maintaining tubing
pressure insensitivity. This control system allows for deeper valve
depth capabilities compared to the methods previously discussed,
allowing the safety valve to overcome annulus pressure buildup
scenarios not possible in current SCSSVs for the applications
described. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
SHAPED CHARGE PERFORATOR 1,003,461
PRE-VERIFICATION OF PERFORATION ALIGNMENT
F.Hill, T.Sampson and J.D.MacPherson, asrs. (Baker Hughes
Inc). World 2009/039,389A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/19/2008 (Appl.
0,877,041), pr. U.S. 9/20/2007 (Appl. 858,686) (E21B-0043/119;
E21B-0047/024). (27 pp)
A perforating system, comprising a perforating gun with
shaped charges, and a pre-detonation orientation apparatus and
method is disclosed. The pre-detonation orientation device
comprises an orientation device in communication with the firing
means of the perforating gun. Detonation of the shaped charges can
be contingent upon the perforating gun orientation. The orientation
device may comprise a rolling element, a conductive region, a liquid
interface module, a fluid metal switch and a pendulum element.
................................................................
SUBSEA VALVE 1,003,462
DEEP WATER HURRICANE VALVE
D.J.Lehr and J.C.Mailand. U.S. 2009/0,020,295A1, p. 1/22/2009,
f. 7/19/2007 (Appl. 879,876) (E21B-0033/12; E21B-0023/08). (26 pp)
A storm plug for temporarily isolating an offshore well in deep
water includes a retrievable service packer connected to a valve
housing containing a movable isolation sleeve and a standing valve.
The standing valve precludes the fluid flow through a portion of the
isolation sleeve. The isolation sleeve being hydraulically actuated
from an open position to a closed position. In the open position,
fluid may flow through flow ports in the standing valve to an
annular bypass area between the valve housing and the isolation
sleeve. In the closed position, the isolation sleeve prevents fluid flow
through the valve housing. The valve may be hydraulically
actuated as compared to conventional storm valve that are set by
workstring rotation. The running tool used to run the storm plug
into the well may be hydraulically disconnected from the valve
housing.
................................................................
TITANIUM 1,003,463
[R] TESTING TITANIUM-ALLOY TUBING FOR HP/HT
APPLICATIONS
D.Denney. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
no.6, pp.41-42, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-115708) SRLA#
984,692
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #984,692]
................................................................
VISCOELASTIC FLUID 1,003,464
[R] PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF VISCOELASTIC
STIMULATION FLUIDS WITH NANOPARTICLES
K.Bybee. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.49-50, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-113533) SRLA#
983,160
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #983,160]
................................................................
WATER PRODUCING 1,003,465
[R] SOLVING EXCESSIVE WATER PRODUCTION IN A
LONG HORIZONTAL OPEN HOLE
K.Bybee. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.63-65, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-113700) SRLA#
965,933
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #965,933]
................................................................
WELL CLEANOUT 1,003,466
MESOPHASE TECHNOLOGY FOR WELLBORE
CLEANOUTS - CASE HISTORY
A.A.Al-Ruwaily, J.E.Phillips, Z.R.BenSaad and C.F.Christian
(Saudi Aramco; Baker Hughes). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119591; Available on
CD-ROM; 4 pp; 6 refs)
This paper is a case history of two successful applications of
mesophase technology for wellbore cleanouts and flow back
enhancement. The first application was as a remedial treatment
after the well’s ESP (electric submersible pump) pumped off and
the second application was part of the completion process. Both
wells were completed as open-hole horizontal wells, one with
expandable sand screens (ESS) and the other with stand alone
mesh type premium screens (SAS). Wells in this field are typically
drilled with 65 pcf invert oil emulsion drill-in fluid (DIF) and can be
as much as 800 psi over balance to formation pressure. The DIF is
intuitively managed with respect to mud solids control, so there is
no actual quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) on the solids
management. The ESS completion was treated remedially with
coiled tubing (CT) and rotating jet blasters months after the
completion. The horizontal well was accessed through a Y-tool
bypass that was part of the ESP completion. The SAS completion
was treated with CT and rotating jet blasters after running the
screen and setting the packer; prior to running the ESP completion,
due to casing size limitations for running a Y-tool bypass.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
WELL SCREEN 1,003,467
[R] CERAMIC SCREEN
W.H.Paulus and M.Heijnen. U.S. 2008/0,156,481A1, p. 7/3/2008,
f. 6/28/2007 (Appl. 823,578), pr. Den. 12/29/2006 (Appl.
200,601,719) (E21B-0043/00). (5 pp) SRPA# 974,288
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #974,288]
................................................................
WELL STIMULATION 1,003,468
MECHANISMS OF SEISMIC EOR [ENHANCED OIL
RECOVERY]
S.R.Pride, E.G.Flekkoy and O.Aursjo (Lawrence Berkeley Lab;
Oslo Univ). WORLD OIL v.230, no.6, pp.49-42, June 2009. (ISSN
0043-8790)
The pore-scale effects of seismic stimulation on two-phase flow
are numerically modeled in random two-dimensional grain-pack
geometries. The objective of this article is to simulate numerically
the effect of a passing seismic wave on the pore-scale two-phase
flow. The lattice-Boltzmann model is used to perform the
simulations, and poroelasticity theory to define the effective force
57
WELL COMPL SERV & WORKOVER
that the seismic wave adds to the background fluid-pressure
gradient. The simulations are presently done in 2D on cells that are
typically 10 x 10 grains in size; however, extension to 3D and to
larger systems is straightforward. Over a significant parameter
range, stimulation is observed to mobilize oil by causing
coalescence of smaller droplets into bigger ones that flow more
easily.
................................................................
WELL TESTING 1,003,469
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPLETING AND TESTING MULTI-
ZONE OPEN-HOLE CARBONATE FORMATIONS
R.T.Brooks, P.Scott and S.Scott (TAM International Inc). 16TH
SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-119426; Available on CD-ROM; 14 pp; 5 refs)
This paper presents a methodology for executing multi-zone
well tests in an un-cemented open-hole completion. Hydraulic
isolation between zones is achieved using casing annulus packers
rather than cement. Sliding sleeve port collars provide a means of
selective interval testing when used with polished bore receptacles
and seal stacks to allow well control and test string spacing. The
techniques described here eliminate cementing and perforating
across reservoir intervals; therefore, it is an improved method of
testing multiple zones in fractured and low permeability carbonate
reservoirs. Multiple zones can be individually tested and retested,
in any order, on a single trip in the hole with drill stem test tools,
representing a significant step change in well testing methodology.
A well test performed in an exploratory well in Qatar used the
basis of this approach. Subsequent to this, well tests in China and
Oklahoma used this approach successfully. One common well test
objective was to establish sufficient flow allowing the chosen
reservoir to be evaluated, without the need to stimulate. Although
stimulation was not entirely eliminated in this test case, a
reduction in test time was achieved. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
ZONE ISOLATION 1,003,470
INNOVATIVE SOLUTION TO ISOLATE CROSS
COMMUNICATING RESERVOIRS IN SHORT RADIUS
WELLS
A.A.Al-Mumen, H.F.Balghoneim, K.M.Al-Amri and Z.A.Al-
Baggal (Saudi Aramco). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS
SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118661; Available on
CD-ROM; 9 pp; 2 refs)
Cross communication between reservoirs is a common
phenomenon in oilfields worldwide. The cross communication not
only hampers production, but also alters reservoir properties which
affects the future recovery targets. Isolation of these cross
communicating reservoirs in short radius application has always
posed a serious challenge to drilling engineers worldwide. This
paper will describe two challenging remedial workovers where the
window was successfully isolated and squeezed after isolating the
short radius curve section. The first well is a bare foot completion,
while the second well was more challenging as it is completed with
a production equalizer liner. The paper will also highlight the
evaluation process and risk assessment of the other options with
economic analysis. Moreover, it will shed some light on the
limitations of the available retrievable isolation plugs in short
radius applications. At the end, the paper will emphasize the time
and cost saved in achieving the objectives and will show production
results of the two wells after the remedial work. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
ANCHORING 1,003,471
DEEP WATER HIGH CAPACITY ANCHORING SYSTEM AND
METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF
V.M.Paz, E.de Campos Porto and C.J.De Medeiros, Jr., asrs.
58 Petroleum Abstracts
(Petroleo Brasileiro SA). U.S. 2009/0,020,065A1, p. 1/22/2009, f.
4/17/2008 (Appl. 81,543), pr. Braz. 7/16/2007 (Appl. 0,702,973)
(B63B-0021/26). (17 pp)
A deep water high capacity anchoring system in which the
fixing of an anchor structure under compact layers of ocean soil is
reached by jetting fluid in rising directions and, simultaneously in a
radial and/or perpendicular direction to the external surfaces of
said anchor structure injected from its lower extremity, thus
guaranteeing anchoring of large size floating structures, related to
the petroleum industry, such as stationary production units and oil
drilling platforms.
................................................................
BACTERICIDE 1,003,472
A HIGH THROUGHPUT TEST METHOD FOR EVALUATION
OF BIOCIDES AGAINST ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS
B.Yin, asr. (Dow Global Technol Inc). World 2009/039,004A1, p.
3/26/2009, f. 9/10/2008 (Appl. 0,875,755), pr. U.S. 9/20/2007 (Appl.
60/973,909) (G01N-0033/50). (28 pp)
Provided is a high-throughput method for determining the
biocidal efficacy of biocidal agents against anaerobic organisms. The
method includes the steps of: providing one or more anaerobe
samples in a first set of multiple receptacles accessible to multi-
channel pipettes; providing one or more biocidal samples at known
concentration(s) in a second set of multiple receptacles accessible to
multi-channel pipettes; forming mixtures of the one or more
biocidal samples and the anaerobe samples via a multi-channel
pipette; incubating the mixtures so as to allow reaction between the
biocidal samples and the anaerobe samples; determining each of
the one or more biocidal samples’ killing (biocidal) effectiveness
against the anaerobes at selected time interval(s), wherein each
step, except for the step of providing one or more biocidal samples,
is conducted under anaerobic conditions.
................................................................
BUSINESS MODEL 1,003,473
EXPERIENCES USING LAGOSA TO IMPROVE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS AND GAS MARKETING
PERFORMANCE
J.D.Hudson (Shell Global Solutions Inc). SPE DIGITAL
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122553; Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp;
Over 10 refs)
The promise of improved production performance and
consistent delivery against market and regulatory commitments is
driving the need for better decision making within daily operations.
In addition, tighter integration between EP sources and markets
forces broader consideration of factors from across the scope of
business. At the same time, market maturity is forcing more
dynamic and complex nomination and delivery processes within the
EP business. Addressing these challenges requires better, faster
and more collaborative decision-making, driven initially by
improved leveraging of engineering expertise into operations and
further by integration of both engineering and operations expertise
into EP business processes. A key aspect of Shell’s Smart Fields
program has been to drive performance around Smart Fields value
loops, concisely given as measure-model-decide-execute. This paper
illustrates several examples where Shell has implemented Lagosa,
an office domain, collaborative work process solution that
encompasses a scope from source to sales. The paper will show how
the solution engages various roles to contribute to better
performance, as demonstrated by sustained improvements in value
delivery. Learning points will be offered, particularly regarding
implementation, embedment and sustainability. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
CATALYST 1,003,474
[R] FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYSTS
J.H.White and J.W.Taylor, asrs. (Eltron Research Inc). U.S.
7,393,876B2, c. 7/1/2008, f. 12/16/2005 (Appl. 303,451)
(C07C-0027/00). (15 pp) SRPA# 937,280
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #937,280]
................................................................
July 25, 2009

COALBED METHANE 1,003,475
DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL PRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF COALBED METHANE WELLS IN
PANHE AREA
G.Q.Wang, M.Y.Xi, J.G.Wu and H.Fan (China Coalbed Methane
Co). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27,
no.7, pp.12a,83-85, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 5 refs; In
Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
COILED TUBING 1,003,476
FAILURE ANALYSIS: ROLE OF SURFACE FINISH IN
FATIGUE FAILURE OF TYPE 316L STAINLESS STEEL
COIL TUBE
F.Elshawesh, H.Mahfud, A.Abdurrahim and F.Elhaddad
(Libyan Petroleum Inst). MATERIALS PERFORMANCE v.47,
no.8, pp.70-73, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0094-1492; 2 refs)
A Type 316L stainless steel (UNS S31603) coil tube used for
dehydration of wet gas with tri-ethylene glycol cracked and failed
after less than one year of service in a platform gas processing
facility. The investigation revealed multiple fatigue cracks at a
plastically deformed area on the coil external surface. Vibration of
the coil tube during service caused the cracking.
................................................................
COMPRESSOR PLANT 1,003,477
LIQUIDS ENTRAINMENT: PT.2: ON LINE LIQUID-
ENTRAINMENT TESTING CONFIRMS CFD MODEL
PREDICTION
P.Tenison and R.Eguren (BP Exploration Alaska Inc; BP
America Production Co). OIL & GAS JOURNAL v.107, no.20,
pp.47-51, 5/25/2009. (ISSN 0030-1388)
This is the second of three articles that describes BP’s
experience with reciprocating compressor damage from liquids
intrusion at two facilities, in Oklahoma and Alaska. This second
article reviews the validation of CFD modeling by online laser
isokinetic probe sampling for liquid entrainment and the impact of
NGL solubility in compressor lube oil. BP owns and operates the
Milne Point oil production facility on Alaska’s North Slope where
processing facilities are enclosed in heated, adjoining modules. The
gas compression module houses two 3,450-hp reciprocating
compressors. Over time, the frequency and severity of compressor
component failures increased. Intense examination identified both
mechanical and process-related causes for the failures, including
entrainment of water and NGLs in the compressor suction. Damage
caused or exacerbated by ingested liquids included bearing failures,
damaged cylinder lining, sheared wrist pins, sheared cylinder
attachment bolts, and cracked pistons. At Milne Point, poor
separation performance of existing suction scrubbers was predicted
by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and confirmed by
laser isokinetic probe sampling to quantify liquid entrainment.
Analysis of operating data also indicated condensation of liquids in
suction piping downstream of the scrubbers.
................................................................
CORROSION CONTROL 1,003,478
CORROSION CONTROL OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES BY
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
NACE STANDARD SP0108-2008 2008. (ISBN 1-57590-218-4;
33 pp; Over 10 refs)
Offshore structures represent large capital investments and are
being placed worldwide. Moreover, more and more offshore
structures are being placed in deeper waters and, therefore, have
become larger, more complex, and more expensive. Control of
corrosion on offshore structures is necessary to sustain oil and gas
production, provide safe working and living areas, and avoid
potential harm to the environment. For this standard, offshore
structures includes metallic offshore structures such as fixed-leg
platforms, tension-leg platforms (TLP), semisubmersibles, spar
platforms, and floating production storage and offloading vessels
(FPSO). This NACE International standard is intended for use by
facility owners’ corrosion control personnel, coating applicators, and
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
coating manufacturers. It covers coating materials, coating test
protocol and acceptance criteria, surface preparation, coating
application, quality assurance and control, and repair methods. It
also covers generic protective coating systems, flange corrosion
control, fastener coatings, pipe support corrosion control, and
stainless steel (SS) tubing corrosion control. The purpose is to
facilitate more effective corrosion protection of offshore structures
by presenting reliable information and providing guidelines for
coating manufacturers to develop more durable products.
................................................................
CORROSION CONTROL 1,003,479
CORROSION MANAGEMENT FOR OIL AND GAS ASSETS
A.Morshed (Production Svcs Network). MATERIALS
PERFORMANCE v.47, no.8, pp.54-59, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0094-1492;
2 refs)
Poor understanding of the corrosion management concept and
its practical applications often deprives many oil and gas assets
from having a proper asset corrosion management system (asset
CMS). This article tries to rectify the situation by offering a better
understanding of an ame lettersset CMS, its structure, stages, and
applications. It discusses the integrity, cost, and time benefits that
having and implementing an asset CMS can bring about.
................................................................
CREVICE CORROSION 1,003,480
FAILURE ANALYSIS: FAILURE OF A COLUMN REBOILER
IN AN MEG RECOVERY UNIT
A.El-Batahgy, M.Amin and G.Fathy (Central Metallurgical Inst;
Burullus Gas Co). MATERIALS PERFORMANCE v.47, no.8,
pp.66-69, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0094-1492; 6 refs)
During gas processing, a mixture of mono-ethylene glycol
(MEG), salt, and water is separated from the produced gas. This
separated mixture is subjected to further processing to recover
MEG before recycling it again. After only seven months of
operation, a column reboiler in a mono-ethylene glycol recycling
unit at a natural gas production plant failed because of localized
corrosion on the portion of the tubes in the tube sheet. This attack
was caused by abnormal clearance between the tubes and tube
sheet, due to poor manufacturing quality, which allowed deposits to
collect and initiate crevice corrosion.
................................................................
ELASTOMER 1,003,481
[R] EFFECTS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE, HIGH-PRESSURE
CARBON DIOXIDE DECOMPRESSION ON ELASTOMERIC
MATERIALS
NACE STANDARD TM0297-2008 2008. (ISBN 1-57590-043-2;
Revised TM0297-97; 8 pp; 4 refs) SRLA# 673,164
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #673,164]
................................................................
ELECTROSTATIC TREATER 1,003,482
[R] SEPARATING MULTIPLE COMPONENTS OF A STREAM
G.W.Sams. U.S. 2008/0,156,649A1, p. 7/3/2008, f. 3/14/2008
(Appl. 48,707), pr. U.S. 8/7/2002 (Appl. 214,295) and U.S. 2/15/2005
(Appl. 57,900) (B01D-0017/06). (25 pp) SRPA# 864,195
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #864,195]
................................................................
FLOW ASSURANCE 1,003,483
FLOW ASSURANCE CHALLENGES IN THE PAPA-TERRA
PROJECT
J.G.S.Junior, G.M.Paternost and D.S.Condessa (Petroleo
Brasileiro SA). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE
[OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN
978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19864; Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp)
The Papa-Terra project is among the most complex subsea
developments executed in Brazil. Flow assurance strategies were a
key driver because of the extreme water depth, the high viscosity
and low API (< 15 API) of the produced fluids. Petrobras has been
considering the first tension leg wellhead platform (TLWP), which
will be installed 350 m away from a FPSO, with multiphase flow
59
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
between units. This project demanded a new approach on fluid
behavior model and the adoption of some technologies not applied
in the Campos Basin yet due mainly to emulsion impact in fluid
viscosity. Examples of these technologies are a dry completion unit
with high power electric submersible pumps (ESPs) installed in
deep water (4000 ft) and electrical heated flexible pipes. As another
example, the studies resulted in a new fluid model to be used in
flow simulator that considers viscosity data measured in the
laboratory. This paper gives an overview of the main flow assurance
challenges faced on the basic project development, that included
heavy oil modeling applied to an offshore deepwater field,
multiphase flow transport between two production units, a dry
completion unit and a floating production unit (DCU and FPU)
with the dry completion unit using high power ESP as lift method.
(Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
FLOW MEASURING 1,003,484
THE IMPORTANCE OF FLUID PROPERTY KNOWLEDGE
IN MULTIPHASE METERING APPLIED TO SAGD WELL
PRODUCTION
D.Hompoth, B.G.Pinguet and E.Guerra (Suncor Energy;
Schlumberger). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY
NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.287-303, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; Over 10 refs)
The objective of this paper is to present how an innovative
multiphase flow meter (MFM) based on Venturi and nuclear
fraction metering combination has technically overcome the
challenge of measuring steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)
well production. This paper will address how proper knowledge and
description of fluid behavior is the key to achieve this challenge.
SAGD represents the latest advance in thermal bitumen
exploitation; however, production allocation of SAGD effluents has
not been properly addressed, especially surface flow rate metering.
Heavy oil production operations are extremely challenging; thus in-
situ bitumen production operations represent the most extreme
case of flow rate metering in the industry. A breakthrough is now
possible with an MFM which has overcome different challenges in
order to reach SAGD environmental conditions.
................................................................
GAS CONDENSATE PRODUCING 1,003,485
[R] DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR WAX IN A FAST-TRACK
DEEPWATER PROJECT
D.Denney. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.45-47, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; OTC-19160) SRLA#
968,663
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #968,663]
................................................................
GAS HYDRATE 1,003,486
AN OVERHEAD RECEIVER FOR CAPTURE, RE-
FORMATION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF GAS
HYDRATES PRODUCED FROM DEEPWATER SEDIMENTS
H.Q.Zhang, J.P.Brill and C.Sarica (Tulsa Univ). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19885; Available on CD-ROM; 6 pp; 7 refs)
Gas hydrates bind immense amounts of methane in marine
sediments. If produced cost effectively, they can serve as a stable
energy supply. No viable technologies for extracting gas hydrates
from deep ocean deposits have been developed to date. The method
of harvesting natural gas from deepwater hydrates presented in
this paper is a combination of several production stages with a key
equipment--overhead receiver. It includes using the overhead
receiver to capture the produced gas, allowing gas to form hydrates
again in the overhead receiver and accumulate, and transporting
hydrates with the overhead receiver from the sea floor to surface or
to a distant receiving terminal with a floating vessel. This approach
uses gas hydrates as the medium for production, storage and
transportation in order to exploit the nature of hydrates and the
subsea pressure and temperature profiles. Consequently, it leads to
a safe and economical production system that does not require
60 Petroleum Abstracts
subsea pipelines and risers. Analyses and calculations on the
feasibility, and heat transfers in hydrate re-formation and
dissociation are presented. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
GAS LIFT (WELL) 1,003,487
[R] SAGD [STEAM-ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE] GAS
LIFT COMPLETIONS AND OPTIMIZATION: SURMONT
FIELD STUDY
D.Denney. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.73-74, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-117489) SRLA#
989,494
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #989,494]
................................................................
GAS LIQUIDS CONVERSION 1,003,488
[R] PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A SYNTHESIS
GAS TO HYDROCARBONS IN THE PRESENCE OF BETA-
SIC AND EFFLUENT FROM THIS PROCESS
S.Savin-Poncet, M.J.Ledoux, C.Pham-Huu, J.Bousquet and
B.Madani, asrs. (Total France; Total SA). U.S. 7,393,877B2, c.
7/1/2008, f. 4/26/2006 (Appl. 411,085), pr. Fr. 12/31/2003 (Appl.
0,315,622) and U.S. 1/3/2005 (Appl. 27,706) (C07C-0027/00). (14 pp)
SRPA# 883,717
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #883,717]
................................................................
GAS LIQUIDS CONVERSION 1,003,489
[R] PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF
HYDROCARBONS TO ALCOHOLS
(BP Chemicals Ltd). Europe. 1,914,219A1, p. 4/23/2008, f.
10/20/2006 (Appl. 06,255,402) (C07C-0029/151). (14 pp) SRPA#
965,975
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #965,975]
................................................................
GAS LIQUIDS CONVERSION 1,003,490
[R] PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF
HYDROCARBONS TO ALCOHOLS
(BP Chemicals Ltd). Europe. 1,916,233A1, p. 4/30/2008, f.
10/20/2006 (Appl. 06,255,414) (C07C-0029/151). (15 pp) SRPA#
965,974
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #965,974]
................................................................
GAS SEPARATOR 1,003,491
SYNTHESIS AND PERMEATION PROPERTIES OF A DDR-
TYPE ZEOLITE MEMBRANE FOR SEPARATION OF
CO2/CH4 GASEOUS MIXTURES
S.Himeno, T.Tomita, K.Suzuki, K.Nakayama, K.Yajima and
S.Yoshida (Nagaoka Univ Technology; NGK Insulators Ltd).
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH v.46,
no.21, pp.6989-6997, 10/10/2007. (ISSN 0888-5885; Over 10 refs)
Using hydrothermal synthesis, a highly hydrophobic DDR-type
zeolite membrane was prepared on the outer surface of a porous
α-alumina tube. The results of this study show that it is useful for
CO2/CH4 separation. Single-gas permeation for CO2, CH4, H2, He,
N2, and O2, and CO2/CH4 binary gas permeation, were measured,
respectively, at pressures up to 5 and 2 MPa. The respective single-
gas permeances of CO2 and CH4 at 298 K at a feed pressure of 0.2
MPa and a permeate pressure of 0.1 MPa were 4.2 x 10 E-07 and
1.2 x 10 E-09 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1; the ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 was
340. The permeances were in the following order: CO2 > H2 > He >
O2 > N2 > CH4. Single-gas permeance was dependent on the
relative molecular size of the DDR pore diameter. However, CO2
permeance dominated the adsorption affinity to the pore wall of
DDR zeolite. In mixed-gas permeation experiments using the sweep
method, the DDR-type zeolite membrane showed high selectivity
for CO2/CH4 mixtures of 200 and high CO2 permeance of 3.0 x 10
E-07 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 at 298 K with a feed pressure of 0.2 MPa.
Furthermore, the DDR zeolite membranes were compared to other
zeolite membranes for evaluation of their CO2/CH4 selectivity and
CO2 permeance; the DDR-type zeolite membranes show better
CO2/CH4 separation and CO2 permeance.
................................................................
July 25, 2009

GAS SEPARATOR 1,003,492
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ABSORPTION OF SELECTIVE
SPECIFIC GASEOUS COMPOUNDS FROM A FLUID IN A
MICROCHANNEL MODULE, AND SCREENING OF THE
ABSORBENT MIXTURE
B.Wittgens and P.Skjetne, asrs. (Sinvent AS). World
2009/038,472A1, p. 3/26/2009, f. 9/17/2008 (Appl. 0,800,334), pr.
Norw. 9/17/2007 (Appl. 20,074,747) (B01D-0053/14). (17 pp)
The present invention comprises a method and system for rapid
screening, characterization and optimization of absorbent mixtures
for selective removal of specific gaseous compounds from a fluid
flow, said fluid flow and absorbent mixture being conveyed to a
modular microchannel system wherein fluid and absorbent mixture
are mixed in at least one microchannel structure residence time
module for optimized mass transfer from fluid to absorbent mixture
at a temperature in the range from -40°C to 450°C, and a pressure
in the range from 0,1 bar to 900 bar, temperature and pressure
being controlled by means of a process control, a safety system and
analysis system for systematic and continuous screening and
characterization of said absorbent mixture. The present invention
also comprises use of the above mentioned method.
................................................................
GAS SEPARATOR 1,003,493
SUPERSONIC SWIRLING SEPARATORS
X.W.Cao, L.Chen, Z.H.Lin and Y.J.Du (East China Univ; Xi’an
Jiaotong Univ). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.16a-17a,109-111, 7/25/2007. (ISSN
1000-0976; 5 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
GAS SEPARATOR 1,003,494
THE NOZZLE USED IN SUPERSONIC SWIRLING
SEPARATORS
X.W.Cao, L.Chen, Z.H.Lin and Y.J.Du (East China Univ; Xi’an
Jiaotong Univ). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI
GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.17a,112-114, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976;
7 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
GAS WELL DEWATERING 1,003,495
DEVELOPING EFFICIENCY AND THE WORKING SYSTEM
OF WELLS DURING THE DE-WATERING GAS
PRODUCTION PROCESS IN COALBED METHANE
RESERVOIRS
Y.S.Kang, Q.Zhao, H.Y.Wang, H.L.Liu and S.Yang (China Univ
Petroleum; PetroChina). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
(TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.11a-12a,79-82, 7/25/2007.
(ISSN 1000-0976; 6 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
HYDRATE INHIBITOR 1,003,496
UNDERSTANDING KINETIC HYDRATE INHIBITOR AND
CORROSION INHIBITOR INTERACTIONS
J.A.Moore, L.Ver Vers and P.Conrad (Nalco). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19869; Available on CD-ROM; 20 pp; Over 10 refs)
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) are increasingly becoming
more prevalent in the oil and gas industry, thus the knowledge of
how they impact other oilfield chemicals becomes important. This
paper will attempt to explain how these products impact both the
KHIs’ and corrosion inhibitors’ (CI) performance in the presence of
each other. This paper will address fundamental properties of both
chemistries and how their interaction can be understood at the
molecular level. Ultimately, this fundamental understanding allows
for a more informed selection of KHI and CI for sub-sea
applications. This work will explore the possibility of two separate
mechanisms that can cause KHIs and CIs to negatively impact
each other. The two mechanisms will be explored by using LC/MS
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
(liquid chromatography mass spectrum) and SFT (surface tension
measurement). With the results from these exploratory techniques
correlated to performance testing for both KHIs and CIs, we hope to
gain a better grasp of the underlying issue. The compatibility of the
KHI with the CI is not a well-understood phenomenon, and this
paper will address this compatibility from a chemistry point of view.
Therefore, this provides a more fundamental insight into the
interactions of KHIs and CIs. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
HYDROGEN SULFIDE 1,003,497
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY ESTIMATION OF HYDROGEN
SULFIDE USING A PREDICTIVE SCHEME BASED ON
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
G.Galliero and C.Boned (Pau Univ). FLUID PHASE
EQUILIBRIA v.269, nos.1-2, pp.19-24, 7/25/2008. (ISSN 0378-3812;
Over 10 refs)
An approach based on molecular dynamics results on Lennard-
Jones spheres is proposed to model the viscosity of hydrogen
sulfide, H2S. The molecular parameters, that have a strong physical
meaning, are the depth of the potential, and the length at which
the potential is null (the "molecular diameter"), which take into
account the dipolar moment of the hydrogen sulfide through an
isotropic dipolar approximation. The interest of the method is that
the adjustment does not involve any viscosity data because only
density values have been used in order to estimate the molecular
parameters. Consequently, the model is entirely predictive. A
comparison between the data generated by our model, REFPROP7
and REFPROP8 database and the few available experimental
viscosity data (dilute gas and saturated liquid) is performed and it
clearly demonstrates the performance of this predictive model. It is
even shown that this model is, without fitting, slightly better than
REFPROP7 and REFPROP8 which uses viscosity experimental
database to adjust their parameters. In addition, in typical
petroleum reservoirs conditions, it is shown that non-negligible
deviations appear when comparing results predicted by
REFPROP7, REFPROP8 and the model proposed. Due to its
predictive nature, we believe that the values evaluated by the
proposed model make sense in such reservoir conditions, at least for
industrial purposes. Moreover, the scheme proposed is shown to be
very easily extended to deal with mixtures involving H2S with the
limit that the Lennard-Jones fluid model is appropriate for the
other species of the mixtures. (c2008 Elsevier B.V.)
................................................................
HYDROGEN SULFIDE CORROSION 1,003,498
MODELING THE EFFECT OF CHLORIDE CONTENT ON
HYDROGEN SULFIDE CORROSION OF PURE IRON BY
COUPLING OF PHASE AND POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR
H.Hoffmeister (Helmut Schmidt Univ). CORROSION v.64,
no.6, pp.483-495, June 2008. (ISSN 0010-9312; Over 10 refs)
Localized corrosion of higher alloyed steels has frequently been
shown to produce locally aggressive solutions with low pH levels in
crevices and pits. It also has been established that such solutions
can serve to initiate and propagate stress corrosion cracking. The
present model aims at a basic understanding of the time-dependent
local acidification process and, in a first approach, uses pure iron as
a model metal. The model couples the anodic polarization
resistances to the precipitated equilibrium masses of iron disulfide
(FeS2), which in a closed loop time stepwise procedure are
calculated from the solute concentrations in a diffusion boundary
layer. In the present work, the effects of chlorides on ion migration,
sulfide solubility, anodic polarization resistances, and solid phase
precipitations of FeS2, together with ferrous chloride (FeCl2), are
integrated into the model. As a result, the increase of chloride
contents accelerates the anodic acidification and increases the
mean corrosion currents. This effect is more pronounced at higher
H2S partial pressures depending on bulk pH levels. As in the
previous work, the reduction of bulk pH accelerates acidification
and increases the corrosion currents. As a specific result for pH
levels below 7, the effect of H2S partial pressures is characterized
by an initial drop of corrosion currents followed by an increase at
higher H2 contents. Also, the increase of total pressures at a
constant H2S volume content enhances corrosion rates due to the
respective effect of increasing H2S partial pressures. The results
61
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
are shown to reflect presently known experimental and sour service KNOCKOUT DRUM 1,003,505
field corrosion experiences.
................................................................ PARAMETRIC APPROACH FOR THE OPTIMAL DESIGN
OF KNOCKOUT DRUMS
HYDROGEN SULFIDE CORROSION 1,003,499 R.Hernandez-Suarez, H.Puebla and R.Aguilar-Lopez (Inst
Mexicano Petroleo; Metropolitana Auton Univ; CINVESTAV-IPN).
[R] PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH v.46,
MATERIALS FOR USE IN H2S-CONTAINING no.21, pp.7008-7017, 10/10/2007. (ISSN 0888-5885; Over 10 refs)
ENVIRONMENTS IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION: PT.1: In this paper, the optimal design of two-phase horizontal
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR SELECTION OF CRACKING- knockout drums is addressed. An optimization model is developed
RESISTANT MATERIALS that predicts separator performance subject to nonlinear design
ANSI/NACE STANDARD MR0175/ISO 15156-1:2001 constraints. The proposed model gives rise to a nonconvex,
[TECHNICAL CIRCULAR NO.1] 2007. (3 pp) SRLA# 849,753 nonlinear problem that often causes convergence difficulties for
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #849,753] standard local optimization techniques. We propose an optimal
................................................................ solution procedure based on a search parametric approach.
Extensive numerical simulations on a case study are used to
HYDROGEN SULFIDE CORROSION 1,003,500 illustrate the proposed heuristic procedure that yields to a minimal
[R] PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - cost design of knockout drums. Results of an in-depth analysis
MATERIALS FOR USE IN H2S-CONTAINING aimed to characterize liquid-gas separation in horizontal knockout
ENVIRONMENTS IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION: PT.2: drums are also presented.
CRACKING-RESISTANT CARBON AND LOW ALLOY ................................................................
STEELS, AND THE USE OF CAST IRONS
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS 1,003,506
ANSI/NACE STANDARD MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2003
[TECHNICAL CIRCULAR NO.1] 2007. (4 pp) SRLA# 849,754 CHOICES FOR LNG FPSOs
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #849,754] L.J.F.M.Festen and J.B.P.M.Leo (CB&I Lummus BV).
................................................................ OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
HYDROGEN SULFIDE CORROSION 1,003,501 OTC-19884; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; 5 refs)
[R] PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - LNG FPSOs will be required to develop the stranded natural
MATERIALS FOR USE IN H2S-CONTAINING gas fields that are too far from the market for pipelines or in too
ENVIRONMENTS IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION: PT.3: deep water. Despite many design studies, technical and economic
CRACKING-RESISTANT CRAs (CORROSION-RESISTANT constraints have prevented LNG FPSOs from being developed as
ALLOYS) AND OTHER ALLOYS fast as oil FPSOs. A guide on the main choices in the development
ANSI/NACE STANDARD MR0175/ISO 15156-3:2003 of a LNG FPSO is given based on a decade of development work by
[TECHNICAL CIRCULAR NO.1] 2007. (8 pp) SRLA# 849,755 CB&I Lummus. The process on a FPSO will be determined by the
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #849,755] feed gas composition and the sales spec of the LNG. For storage
................................................................ tanks both membrane and self-supporting types have their
advantages. Selection of offloading system follows from metocean
HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL 1,003,502 data: in harsher environments tandem offloading with hoses will be
the most flexible but requires dedicated carriers. First projects will
[R] METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF SULFUR-CONTAINING use side-by-side offloading with conventional carriers. Power
COMPOUND FROM NATURAL GAS generation could be dual fuel diesel engines or gas turbines; larger
Y.Kikkawa, N.Nozawa, H.Inoue and E.Sato, asrs. (Chiyoda fields favor combined cycle power plants. Safety considerations
Corp). Europe. 1,914,294A1, p. 4/23/2008, f. 6/27/2006 (Appl. should determine the layout of the FPSO. Safety and availability
06,767,758), pr. Japan 7/8/2005 (Appl. 2005-199,783) will strongly favor electric motor driven compressors. Choice of
(C10L-0003/10; B01D-0053/04; B01D-0053/14; C01B-0017/04; liquefaction process is related to capacity; small and medium size
C01B-0017/16). (16 pp) SRPA# 923,629 will strongly favor expander processes. For project approach, the
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #923,629] choice is between leased and owned units. The experience of an
................................................................ integrated design team is crucial for both. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
INDEX OF REFRACTION 1,003,503
LIQUID LOADING 1,003,507
EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR DE-AGGREGATION ON
REFRACTIVE INDICES OF PETROLEUM-BASED FLUIDS PREDICTION OF MINIMUM FLOW RATE FOR
I.N.Evdokimov and A.P.Losev (Gubkin St Univ Oil & Gas). CONTINUOUS REMOVAL OF LIQUIDS FROM GAS WELLS
FUEL v.86, no.15, pp.2439-2445, Oct. 2007. (ISSN 0016-2361; Over [WYNOSZENIE WODY ZLOZOWEJ LUB KONDENSATU Z
10 refs) ODWIERTOW GAZOWYCH]
It is conventionally assumed that refractive index (RI) for a T.Szpunar and P.Budak (Oil & Gas Inst (Poland)). NAFTA-GAZ
crude oil, a processed fuel or any petroleum-based solution may be v.63, no.5, pp.315-320, May 2007. (ISSN 0867-8871; 5 refs; In
evaluated in an assumption of an ideal binary mixture of non- Polish)
precipitating components. However, new experimental data reveal Based on the results of this paper, equations are derived which
strong non-ideality of RI in dilute oil solutions, which we attribute relate the minimum gas flow rate required for continuous removal
to de-aggregation of asphaltenes. (c2007 Elsevier Ltd.) of liquids and wellhead pressure. A calculation procedure is
................................................................ provided which accounts for a pressure decline with time and
density of liquid laden column of gas.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1,003,504 ................................................................
[R] AN IOC’S EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL MAN MADE SATELLITE 1,003,508
OILFIELD TECHNOLOGIES
J.M.Hacker (ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co). SPE DIGITAL EFFECTIVE USE OF LEO SATELLITES FOR WELL DATA
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) COLLECTION
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-117837; Available on CD-ROM; 11 pp; R.McCoy (Baker Hughes Centrilift). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
9 refs) SRLA# 992,305 CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #992,305] (SPE-123143; Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp; 9 refs)
................................................................ Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites are an effective method of
collecting and controlling well data from electrical submersible

62 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009


pumping (ESP) systems and other instrumentation from a global
perspective. Utilizing intelligent remote systems, the data is
gathered from the well and then compressed for transmission over
LEO provided IP data paths. The data paths are very bandwidth
efficient for small data payloads. After transmission, this data is
then decompressed in a server application (HCG) and made
available to a SCADA server. Using the push data scenario for a
report by exception is very successful with hundreds of installs.
This creates a plug and play, true LEO global system without
modifications to the SCADA system, historians, or visualization
applications. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
MEXICO 1,003,509
ENERGY MAP OF MEXICO (2008 EDITION)
PETROLEUM ECONOMIST v.75, no.1 (suppl), Jan. 2008.
(ISSN 0306-395X; ISBN 1-86186-203-2; 1 plate)
This energy map of Mexico is third-generation mapping, with
high-definition satellite derived imagery. Mapping content includes
oil and gas fields; oil, gas and product pipelines, existing, under
construction and planned; oil refineries, gas processing plants,
tanker terminals and oil storage facilities; planned LNG import
terminals; and electricity power network with power stations by
fuel type. Data and tables are presented for oil and gas reserves;
production and consumption over past 10 years; consumption by
fuel type; LNG projects; and oil and gas trade from/to Mexico.
There are inset maps for Bahia de Campeche, northeast Mexico and
the Yucatan Peninsula.
................................................................
OIL TREATING (FIELD) 1,003,510
THE IMPACT OF MULTIPHASE BEHAVIOUR ON COKE
DEPOSITION IN HEAVY OIL HYDROPROCESSING
CATALYSTS
X.Zhang (Alberta Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006; DISSERTATION
ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B v.68, no.2, p.1145-B,
Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; ISBN 978-0-494-23134-0; Order
no.DANR23134; 164 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
PARAFFIN DEPOSITION 1,003,511
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS AND MODELLING
DISCUSSIONS ON WAX DEPOSITION USING A BENCH
TOP FLOW FACILITY
G.Sucre, C.Sarica, H.Chen, E.Dellecase and M.Volk (Tulsa
Univ). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.307-321, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; Over 10 refs)
A new bench top facility with a rectangular duct test section
was designed and constructed to allow direct visual observation of
the paraffin deposition under flowing conditions. An optical sensor
was used to obtain deposit thicknesses. five tests were run to
determine the dependency of the deposition phenomenon on flow
rate. As expected, the deposit thickness decreased while the wax
content of the deposit increased as the flow rate increased. A clear
change in the deposition rate was found when the flow changed
from laminar to turbulent. However, the total mass of deposited
wax showed that changes in flow rate did not have an impact on
amount of wax incorporated into the deposit.
................................................................
PHASE BEHAVIOR 1,003,512
NEW CORRELATIONS CALCULATE VOLATILE OIL, GAS
CONDENSATE PVT PROPERTIES
K.A.Fattah, A.H.El-Banbi and M.H.Sayyouh (King Saud Univ;
Schlumberger; Cairo Univ). OIL & GAS JOURNAL v.107, no.20,
pp.41-46, 5/25/2009. (ISSN 0030-1388; Over 10 refs)
New correlations provide modified black-oil (MBO) pressure-
volume-temperature (PVT) properties when fluid samples are
unavailable. One can use the correlations in generalized material
balance calculations and MBO simulations. The new correlations
match the fluid properties of a selected database and the authors
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
also validated them with generalized material balance calculations.
To develop the new corrections, the authors modified existing
solution gas-oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, and gas formation
volume factor correlations to increase their accuracy when used
with gas condensates and volatile oils. The new correlations have
an accuracy within 10.4% for gas condensate and 15% for volatile
oil samples used in this study.
................................................................
PLUNGER LIFT 1,003,513
[R] METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING LIQUID
FROM A GAS WELL
(BP Exploration Oper Co Ltd). Europe. 1,916,380A1, p.
4/30/2008, f. 10/24/2006 (Appl. 06,255,476) (E21B-0043/12;
F04B-0047/12). (11 pp) SRPA# 967,277
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #967,277]
................................................................
PRODUCTION ALLOCATION 1,003,514
PRODUCTION ALLOCATION AND ACCOUNTING -
SHARPEN THE VISION
M.Smith (Ensyte Energy Software Int). UPSTREAM
TECHNOLOGY v.2, no.11, pp.40-42, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 1258-2244)
Strategic and tactical execution challenges, from exploration
through financial accounting, require timely information to sharpen
the vision and seek improvements. Specific business processes
relating to finding and developing reserves, optimizing operations
and performing financial accounting accentuate the challenges.
Managing producing assets from field data acquisition through
revenue settlement with first purchasers to achieve the highest
operation margin is the crux of the optimizing tasks. The principal
key performance indicator (KPI) is to increase the margin between
revenue and expenses. This and other KPIs are addressed with
efficient information management tools that treat the operations
and marketing business process as an integrated system.
Production allocation pertains to the management of volumes and
energy, whereas production accounting pertains to managing the
full business cycle from production volumes through reporting
revenue, expenses and margin for each production asset. In this
context, production allocation is a subset of the production
accounting system.
................................................................
PRODUCTION AUTOMATION 1,003,515
THE PROMISE AND CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL OILFIELD
SOLUTIONS - LESSONS LEARNED FROM GLOBAL
IMPLEMENTATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
S.Sankaran, J.Lugo, A.Awasthi and G.Mijares (Halliburton).
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122855; Available on
CD-ROM; 13 pp; Over 10 refs)
Digital oil field (DOF) in the oil and gas industry has gained
momentum in the last few years and has transformed from being a
vision to projects that have measurable value. The promise of DOF
has motivated many oil and gas operators and service companies to
now establish corporate initiatives and associated business
programs to develop and deploy DOF solutions. Many major capital
projects are already evaluating the feasibility of DOF in the early
stages of the project decision process as part of the operational
philosophy. This paper describes the challenges faced in DOF
implementations by Halliburton and the current industry status.
The case studies presented highlight these issues and practical
lessons learned about addressing these issues using novel solutions
and delivering value through adopting best practices. The paper
also provides an insight into future trends and areas of
development, addressing areas of challenges that still must be
resolved. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,516
REAL TIME PRODUCTION MONITORING UNCOVERS
POTENTIAL FOR RECOVERY OPTIMIZATION, FIELD
CASE STUDY, WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT
K.M.Hanafy and T.A.Elsherif (Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co;
63
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
Schlumberger). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW reservoir models to continuously optimize the overall operation.
AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) (Copyright 2009 SPE)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119361; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp) ................................................................
Optimization of an oil producer is not as easy as it might seem
to be. This boom in technology application permitted a high margin PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,519
of investments to optimize wells/fields production and gave
DATA DRIVEN SURVEILLANCE AND OPTIMIZATION
production/reservoir engineers a good hand in obtaining better data
R.Cramer, K.C.Goh, M.Dolan and C.Moncur (Shell Global
for decision making. The most important parts of well/field
Solutions Inc). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston,
production optimization are identifying candidates and recognizing
TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122554; Available
potentials needed to have efficient reservoir/production data. The
on CD-ROM; 10 pp; 7 refs)
whole process starts with formation inflow performance which
Traditionally, individual well oil, gas and water production is
determines how far we can go with this formation without
measured periodically, e.g., monthly, using shared well test
production problems such as water coning, erosion induced by solid
facilities. Consequently, oil and gas production from a cluster of
production, etc. In this paper, we are illustrating the various steps
wells is difficult to manage, leading to late diagnosis of production
that we have taken to optimize a well producing from a naturally
problems and slow and conservative handling of production
fractured carbonate reservoir with active water drive. Using a
constraints. FieldWare Production Universe (FW PU) is a software
combination of modern technologies in combination with real-time
application developed by Shell that provides continuous real time
production monitoring systems, we were able to double this well
estimates of well-by-well oil, water and gas production. FieldWare
production without encountering any problems, in addition
PU estimates are based on data-driven models constructed and
capturing pressure transient data which enabled us to manipulate
updated from production well tests and real time production data.
this success story with the rest of the wells in that field. (Copyright
This paper will discuss use of FieldWare PU for continuous
2009 SPE)
optimization by predicting changes to overall and individual well
................................................................
production as a result of changes to individual well production
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,517 chokes, lift-gas rates or other similar set-points to maximize an
objective function subject to various well and overall production
THE COMBINATION OF ESP AND VX TECHNOLOGY constraints. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
TOWARDS SAGD WELL PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION ................................................................
B.G.Pinguet, E.Guerra and C.Drever (Schlumberger). 6TH
BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,520
AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
REALIZING VALUE FROM REAL TIME WELL
PROCEEDINGS pp.273-286, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
MONITORING IN GREENFIELD ASSETS
available on CD-ROM; 3 refs)
D.R.Feineman (BP America). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
The objective of this paper is to present the results of the
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
optimization of SAGD (steam-assisted gravity drainage) wells
(SPE-122676; Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp; 7 refs)
operated with electrical submersible pumps (ESP) through a
BP’s proprietary Integrated Surveillance Information System
multiphase flow meter based on Vx technology. This paper will
(ISIS) was deployed globally starting in 2006. The system delivers
present how in real-time it is possible to optimize the production
well performance data to petroleum engineers in field and office
through the frequency control of the pump and to improve the oil
sites in near real time. The paper presents two case studies on
flow rate. Optimization leads in this case to longer life-cycle and in
implementing remote well performance monitoring on two
some cases to re-dimension of the ESP (upscaling or downscaling).
Greenfield assets in Africa and Asia where distance, national
These different topics will be addressed from a practical point of
culture, and language differences must be addressed as part of a
view and complementary as knowledge sharing. Many of the
technology rollout. Based on the case studies, there is evidence that
operative commercial SAGD wells in Western Canada are
Greenfield assets can adopt new ways of working and technology
completed with ESP due to the low reservoir pressure encountered
that allows them to surpass the performance on similar Brownfield
in the oil sands, and the properties of the produced fluids, which are
projects. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
extra heavy oil (EHO)/bitumen. The implementation of Vx
................................................................
technology as a means of flow rate metering provides fast and
accurate results since no stabilization of flow periods is required. PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,521
................................................................
AUTOMATED, "BY EXCEPTION" WELL SURVEILLANCE: A
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,518 KEY TO MAXIMIZING OIL PRODUCTION
P.Schipperijn, R.Thavarajah, A.Simonato and M.Mehdizadeh
CHANGING THE OPERATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS
(Chevron Energy Technol Co; Chevron North America E&P; Science
FROM "HARVEST" TO "PROCESS" MODE
Applicat Int Corp). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE
R.Cramer and J.Roger (Shell Global Solutions; Weatherford).
(Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123145;
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp; 2 refs)
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-121909; Available on
The increased need to maximize production from mature assets
CD-ROM; 14 pp)
has resulted in the transformation of the oilfield surveillance
The traditional operations sequence of events is to drill,
workflow. The new data-driven workflow requires a tool to support
complete, and then flow wells to production at a reasonable rate,
a review by exception process through the automated identification
and the process will yield what Mother Nature delivers. This is
and prioritization of exception wells. The primary benefit of
what we refer to as harvest mode. The problem with this approach
incorporating the surveillance tool in an integrated workflow is to
is that the production is invariably sub-optimal. Tools exist to look
shorten decision time and improve the quality of the decision
at the operation as an integrated process whereby the reservoir,
through an automated process. Developed in San Joaquin Valley
well, and the entire surface facilities are modeled/monitored to
under the i-field initiative which espouses business transformation
optimize production from each well and the field/reservoir as a
to the digital oilfield of the future, the tool’s main role is to classify
whole. This is what we refer to as process mode. This paper will
and diagnose well performance. It accomplishes this by encoding
discuss underlying problems, experiences and plans that operators
customer-derived business rules in a multi-channel framework.
and service companies have in this area of production operations.
Using a sequential, frame-based expert system as the classification
The key to moving to aforementioned process model is to properly
engine provided a superior diagnostic capability while limiting the
monitor and/or measure the production from the wells. Some
number of unique diagnoses to maintain to an acceptable level. A
operators developed simple pressure and pressure drop monitoring
web-based UI provided the user extensive filtering, sorting, and
systems to help detect when well tests must be re-run, as opposed
drill-down capability by which to quickly identify and diagnose
to routine testing. Many other operators have used individual well
problem wells. Deployment of the tool with the new integrated
monitoring or individual well testing. Finally, one operator is
workflow has led to a 30% increase in the number of wells and
looking at using well monitoring and updating the surface and
patterns reviewed. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
64 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,522
ANOMALY-DRIVEN ENGINEERING EMPOWERED BY A
CENTRAL SURVEILLANCE CENTER
J.M.Brutz (Shell Explor & Prod Co). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-123147; Available on CD-ROM; 7 pp)
A central surveillance center, designed to conduct routine
surveillance on reservoirs, wells, facilities, and subsea systems, has
been developed. Surveillance engineers, control-room operators,
and information technology analysts staff the center. Centralizing
routine surveillance enables cross-asset sharing of top surveillance
techniques, develops staff’s surveillance competence, and allows
asset-focused engineers to ensure project delivery. The center’s
software toolkit enables event identification, surveillance execution,
and systematic history documentation. An advanced alarm tool and
a web-based workflow tool enable the routine surveillance
conducted by the center’s staff. The alarm tool allows staff to focus
on events by exception, and the workflow tool ensures a consistent
set of surveillance measures are conducted for each event. All
events and analysis are stored in a searchable online database to
facilitate analysis of future events. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,523
A WORKFLOW-BASED APPROACH TO REAL-TIME
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION
S.Barbarino, J.Alvarez, M.A.Lozada and F.Diaz (Merrick
Systems Inc; Petroleos Mexicanos). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-123205; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp; 3 refs)
This paper explores the results of one operator’s successful
implementation of a workflow-based solution to real-time
production surveillance and optimization of a large offshore field. In
particular, we will provide an overview of one of the more complex
workflows addressed, real-time model-based gas lift optimization
for the asset. Details of the workflow and total value proposition
are examined, demonstrating the possibilities and return on
investment (ROI) potential of new data integration and workflow
technologies. With a system characterized by large pressure
fluctuations in the surface network, previous attempts to achieve
model-based optimization using manual processes had struggled
with the high frequency of updates needed to maintain the models
in an "evergreen" state. Utilizing a combination of techniques such
as surveillance-by-exception, automated model validation, and
assisted model updates, the new approach allows the operator to re-
optimize gas allocations to the field’s more than 200 producing
wells and 70 platforms, at a 12-hour frequency. This frequency of
re-optimization is sufficient to maintain the system at a maximum
stabilized production rate. The solution is currently in operation,
and has provided a sustained production improvement to the field.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,524
INTEGRATED BUSINESS PROCESSES IN PRODUCTION
OPERATIONS
S.Lauzon and G.Broadway (SAP). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-123252; Available on CD-ROM; 6 pp; 4 refs)
The paper will present an approach to integrating business
processes across different functional silos in a production
operations environment on a real-time basis: planning, well
performance, allocation and accounting, maintenance and
reliability, safety and compliance, etc. Existing integration is often
brittle point-to-point integration that is difficult to maintain when
systems or applications at either end change. While this type of
integration has allowed for a certain increase in efficiencies
through automation, the future is to look beyond data integration
to business process integration, bringing tighter integration
between production processes and business processes, not just
systems and applications, closer to real-time. Application and key
metric information can be presented to reflect the different roles in
an organization, and can be rolled-up to an enterprise level, or
drilled down to a production unit level. Common views and data
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
aggregated from real-time systems and business systems,
accessible to different functions, provides a collaborative
environment to enable quicker and more profitable decision
making. In this paper, we will present the underlying technical
foundations that make the integration possible and explore the
integrated work processes that are now enabled. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION 1,003,525
A SUCCESSFUL APPROACH IN INTEGRATING PEOPLE,
PROCESS, AND TECHNOLOGY INSIDE COLLABORATIVE
ENVIRONMENTS: A PRACTICAL VIEW OF CHALLENGES
AND LESSONS LEARNED
D.Derenzi, P.S.de Sousa, S.A.de Oliveira, M.A.N.Herdeiro,
J.R.Albernaz and A.Valadares (Accenture; Petroleo Brasileiro SA).
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123287; Available on
CD-ROM; 10 pp; 8 refs)
In 2005, Petrobras created a corporate program named GeDIg,
designed to guide and implement digital integrated field
management among its production assets. The Barracuda and
Caratinga (BRC) asset was chosen as one of Rio de Janeiro business
unit pilots. This asset is composed of two offshore deep-water oil
fields, where two twin FPSOs produce a total of approximately
200,000 bpd of oil. Management and technical teams from BRC are
geographically dispersed among four different locations: the asset’s
headquarters in Rio de Janeiro, the logistics and operations base in
Macae, and the two offshore production units. Collaborative
environments (CE) were implemented in each site to connect and
integrate those teams. The GeDIg-BRC pilot project, initiated in
October 2006, was divided into five different areas: real time
production operations monitoring, integrated planning, process
design, change management, and collaborative environment design
and construction. A major challenge faced during the
implementation of the GeDIg-BRC solution, was making the whole
integration proposed by the collaborative environments become a
reality. This paper’s objective is to describe the challenges faced by
the asset’s team and the lessons learned during the process of
designing and effectively implementing the asset’s collaborative
environment and its customized support tool--the collaborative
portal. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PRODUCTION PLATFORM 1,003,526
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RELEASING A BARGE FROM
A TOPSIDE DURING A FLOAT-OVER INSTALLATION
L.D.Finn, asr. (Horton Technologies LLC). U.S.
2009/0,003,937A1, p. 1/1/2009, f. 6/27/2008 (Appl. 163,218), pr. U.S.
6/27/2007 (Appl. 60/946,647) (E02B-0017/00). (8 pp)
A quick-release system for coupling a topside for a fixed or
floating platform and a barge for float-over installation of the
topside is disclosed. The quick-release system comprises one or
more releasable connections, each releasable connection configured
to support at least a fraction of the weight of the barge and to be
remotely actuated to allow the barge to decouple from the topside.
In some embodiments, the quick-release system comprises two
plates, one coupled to the topside and the other coupled to the
barge, and a plurality of bolts extending therebetween. A frangible
nut is coupled to each bolt. The quick-release system is actuatable
by an electric signal that causes the frangible nuts to fracture and
the barge to subsequently be released from the topside. The method
may be applied to both fixed and floating production platforms.
................................................................
PRODUCTION PLATFORM 1,003,527
[R] SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ALIGNING AND
ENGAGING A TOPSIDE TO A FLOATING SUBSTRUCTURE
L.D.Finn, asr. (Horton Technologies LLC). U.S.
2009/0,003,936A1, p. 1/1/2009, f. 6/27/2008 (Appl. 163,198), pr. U.S.
6/27/2007 (Appl. 60/946,647) (E02B-0017/00). (9 pp) SRPA#
1,003,526
[For abstract, see Abstract #1,003,526]
................................................................
65
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
PUMP PERFORMANCE 1,003,528
PREDICTIVE CONDITION MONITORING FOR SUBSEA
PUMPING SYSTEMS
K.Eriksson, G.Homstvedt, H.Melboe and A.Gillespie (Aker
Solutions). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09]
(Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN
978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19872; Available on CD-ROM; 23 pp; 4
refs)
For subsea pumps, regular maintenance is required
approximately every 5 years. Being able to plan this intervention
to be just in time will reduce downtime, and optimize production
enhancement. Being able to state with certainty whether a pump,
for example, can be allowed to run one extra year (i.e., 6 years
instead of 5), gives reduced downtime. Such techniques have been
applied to topside systems for a long time and are now being
extended to subsea systems. A data monitoring system with
algorithms for monitoring certain key performance indicators for a
pumping system has been developed and applied, and is used to
determine time to service. Three subsea pumping systems are used
as real examples, with results from system testing and operation.
Subsea data networks with self-healing capabilities are briefly
described. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
RESERVOIR SOURING 1,003,529
UNDERSTANDING OF OILFIELD SOURING AND
EFFECTIVE MONITORING: TWO CASE STUDIES
A.Nengkoda, M.Mandhari, M.Hajri, H.Barhi, L.Qasmi and
R.Hofland (Petroleum Development Oman; Shell). 16TH SPE
MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS
2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-118798; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; 6 refs)
Since June 2001, water has been injected in the X oilfield
Sultanate of Oman for EOR purposes. The water supply sources
were used through four dedicated injection wells in 2003. By the
end of April 2003, the injection water source was switched to
produce water, and the production wells suddenly turned to
produced high H2S, while the well injectivity declined around 50%.
Meanwhile, in the Y oilfield, when discovered, the field was found
to be sour. Occasional monitoring confirmed high H2S levels to
prevail, but also showed an alarming increase with time. The
materials used in the X and down stream receiving facilities are not
NACE 175 souring compliant and H2S released is a safety hazard.
Beginning in December 2005, the production chemistry and a
reservoir study have initiated integrated H2S monitoring and
implemented a mitigation program by improving H2S onsite
measurement and method revision, adopted instrument calibration
accuracy, established frequent surveillance teams, investigated the
cause of souring by sulphur isotope methodology for both fields, and
monitored the produced solid. Overall, this improved business
performance, HSE awareness and saved the plant upgrade costs.
Finally, in November 2008, there was just a trace level of H2S from
the X field and the area is safe for full field development.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
RISER PIPE 1,003,530
DEVELOPMENT OF FLEXIBLE RISERS MONITORING
METHODOLOGY USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION
TECHNOLOGY
S.D.Soares, C.S.Camerini and J.Marcio Castilho Santos
(Petrobras Research Center). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19863;
Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp; 2 refs)
Deep water oil and gas exploitation in Brazil has considerably
increased the utilization of flexible pipes in conjunction with
floating production systems. Acoustic emission is a nondestructive
testing technique that could be used for detection of tensile armour
wire rupture, which is a critical failure mode of flexible risers. This
paper describes the experimental program implemented including
laboratory results, field experience and the model to define if there
is armour wire rupture. It was concluded that acoustic emission can
be used as a tool to help the integrity assessment of flexible risers
66 Petroleum Abstracts
using the setup and model developed during this experimental
program. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
RISER PIPE 1,003,531
EFFECT OF REMOLDING AND RECONSOLIDATION ON
THE TOUCHDOWN STIFFNESS OF A STEEL CATENARY
RISER: OBSERVATIONS FROM CENTRIFUGE MODELING
M.Hodder, D.White and M.Cassidy (Western Australia Univ).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19871; Available on CD-ROM; 21 pp; Over 10 refs)
Steel catenary risers (SCR) can be economical to construct and
install compared to conventional vertical risers. However, accurate
evaluation of the fatigue life of an SCR remains a major challenge
due to uncertainty surrounding the interaction forces where the
riser touches down on the seabed. Fatigue life predictions for the
pipe in the vicinity of the touchdown zone (TDZ) are heavily
dependent on the assumed vertical stiffness between the riser and
the seabed. For accurate fatigue life predictions to be made, a
reliable evaluation of the seabed stiffness is required. This paper
describes a series of model tests that were conducted within the
University of Western Australia’s geotechnical beam centrifuge.
These tests aimed to assess typical vertical stiffness values during
large and small amplitude cycles of riser motion, and the influence
of remolding and reconsolidation effects. It is shown that the
vertical pipe-soil stiffness rapidly reduces during an episode of
large-amplitude cyclic motion, with a steady cyclic stiffness being
reached within ca 10 cycles as the soil remolds. Episodes of
reconsolidation are found to create a significant increase in vertical
pipe-soil stiffness. This recovery can lead to a pipe-soil stiffness
that exceeds the initial intact stiffness (prior to remolding). The
implications for design are summarized. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
RISER PIPE 1,003,532
QUALIFICATION OF THE GROUPED SLOR [SINGLE LINE
OFFSET RISER] SYSTEM
D.Karunakaran, D.Lee and J.Mair (Subsea 7). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19899; Available on CD-ROM; 15 pp; 5 refs)
The growing trend of deep and ultra deepwater developments
necessitates the use of risers that will give good stress response and
fatigue performance, and be able to optimise field architecture to
accommodate complex and congested seabed layouts. In order to
achieve this, Subsea 7 and 2H Offshore have developed the
Grouped SLOR, a hybrid riser solution which captures the above
stringent riser requirements and maintains maximum operability
in deepwater developments at water depths greater than 700 m.
The Grouped SLOR consists of individual free standing risers,
SLOR(TM) and/or COR(TM) grouped together by a buoyant guide
frame tethered down at either ends to suction piles. Connection
between the host vessel and the SLOR(TM) or COR(TM) is provided
by a flexible jumper from a gooseneck located at the top of the riser
assembly. The paper describes the technical developments, key
features of the riser system, and the qualification programs that
have been performed to validate the robustness of this concept and
design. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
SANTOS BASIN 1,003,533
PRE-SALT SANTOS BASIN - EXTENDED WELL TEST AND
PRODUCTION PILOT IN THE TUPI AREA: THE PLANNING
PHASE
C.M.F.Nakano, A.C.C.Pinto, J.L.Marcusso and K.Minami
(Petroleo Brasileiro SA). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19886;
Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp; 3 refs)
This paper describes how Petrobras is assessing the realistic
pre-salt potential of the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, in water
depths between 1,900 and 2,400 m (6,230 and 7,870 ft). Three
integrated ultra fast-track projects were planned to start
July 25, 2009

production of the giant pre-salt reservoirs in an area known as
Tupi. The carbonate reservoirs in this area contain an estimated
recoverable volume between 0.8 and 1.27 billion cu m (5 and 8
billion barrels) of a 28° API crude, with high GOR and a CO2
content in the dissolved gas of 8-12 vol%. They are located below a
2,000 m (6,560 ft) salt layer, in vertical depths around 5,000 m
(16,400 ft) from the sea level. Besides the good expectations based
on the seismic interpretation and geologic modeling, the two wells
drilled in the area presented good productivities in the well tests,
pushing Petrobras and its partners to implement the fast track
production projects. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
SCREW PUMP 1,003,534
PRESSURE BUILD-UP AND GAP FLOWS IN MULTIPHASE
SCREW PUMPS
A.Scharf, G.Aleksieva, J.Lewerenz, M.Reichwage and D.Mewes
(Hannover Univ; Bornemann Pumps). 6TH BHR GROUP
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.103-116, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
Over 10 refs)
Multiphase screw pumps are used for the delivery of gas-liquid-
flows even at high gas rates. In order to estimate their delivering
behaviour, a model is derived which is based on mass and energy
balances for single closed chambers formed by the intermeshing
and counter-rotating screws. Thereby, the pressure profiles inside
the pumps are predicted, which determine the mechanical loads to
the rotating and static components as well as the delivered volume
flows. In order to verify the calculated results, the pressure profiles
are measured along the inside of the cylindrical casing in
dependence of several characteristic operating modes of multiphase
screw pumps.
................................................................
SCREW PUMP 1,003,535
BROWN FIELD REVITALIZATION USING SMALL TWIN-
SCREW MULTIPHASE PUMPS
D.Muller-Link, G.Rohlfing, R.Linck and J.Heinr (Bornemann
GmbH). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY
NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.117-124, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; 6 refs)
Today’s increasing demand for energy calls for a number of
different measures to be taken in oil and gas production. Brown
fields often suffer from low wellhead pressures, making them
unable to flow to the required first stage separation plant.
Moreover, as intermediate gathering stations may have been closed
and dismantled due to an overall decreased production, even longer
flowlines will lead to a higher pressure demand. Increased water
content renders additional challenges because of higher pressure
losses. In addition, manpower in the fields has been reduced, giving
a high rank on availability for new equipment to be installed.
Multiphase pumps are particularly suited to help in overcoming
these issues. Their ability to add energy to the untreated
wellstream, while reducing the wellhead pressure creates an
entirely different pressure regime in the production system. While
downhole inflow performance is enhanced, differential pressure
across downhole pumps is decreased and at the very system end the
gas delivery pressure is increased.
................................................................
SLUG FLOW 1,003,536
COMPARISONS BETWEEN SEVERE SLUG MITIGATION
METHODS BY INCREASING BACKPRESSURE AND
THROTTLING RISER OUTLET VALVE
H.Yeung, Y.Cao and L.Lao (Cranfield Univ). 6TH BHR GROUP
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.385-394, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
7 refs)
In this paper, the effectiveness of increasing the back pressure
and choking the riser outlet valve on mitigating severe slugging
was experimentally investigated using the Cranfield 4-in., 11-m
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
high riser. It was found that throttling was the more effective of the
two methods. However, if the valve opening was reduced beyond a
certain value, oscillation increased instead of reduced. Eventually,
it led to severe slugging-like behaviour, termed over-choking
induced slugging (OIS). It is important that OIS can be recognised
by slug control systems as opposite control action is required.
Failing to detect OIS could lead to shutdown of the whole system.
................................................................
STEAM TURBINE 1,003,537
RETROFITTING STEAM TURBINES WITH WAVY-FACE
DRY-RUNNING SEALS
N.Al-Otaibi and A.Alkhowaiter (Saudi Aramco).
HYDROCARBON PROCESSING v.87, no.8,
pp.59-60,62,64,66,68,70, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0018-8190; 3 refs)
Steam turbine users worldwide have one thing in common:
constant steam leakage from the turbine seal gland area and the
24-hour continuous loss of expensive steam condensate to the
environment. To operators, this means that online maintenance
activities are a hazard due to steam leakages, and the turbines
have a long list of reliability problems due to contamination of the
bearing housings with condensate. For general-purpose turbines,
the standard sealing method for the past 100 years has been
segmented carbon rings, with close running clearance to the shaft.
This article discusses the successful experience at a Saudi Aramco
Oil Company gas/oil processing facility, with upgrading standard
seals to wavy-face noncontacting seals on general-purpose steam
turbine applications. The unique design and inherent reliability
features of the noncontacting seals are explained, including details
such as shop fabrication, field installation, economic payback and
resulting mean-time-between-failures. Overall, the major benefits
have been a significant increase in thermal efficiency due to 99%
sealing efficiency, a jump in seal MTBF from 1.5 years to 5 years
minimum, and a very maintenance-friendly environment around
the turbine.
................................................................
STRANDED NATURAL GAS 1,003,538
CONCEPT SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT OF FLOATING
TECHNOLOGIES
E.J.Kolodziej, C.H.Chiu, C.Rubiano and M.C.Livingston
(Chevron Energy Technol Co; WS Atkins Inc). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19855; Available on CD-ROM; 14 pp; 4 refs)
To recover stranded gas in remote, offshore reservoirs,
companies are looking to novel designs to economically develop
these recoverable energy supplies. Three novel floating
technologies that have been proposed to bring these energy supplies
to the world markets include floating LNG (FLNG), compressed
natural gas (CNG), and floating gas to liquids (FGTL). While the
floating plant designs are often greatly influenced by the
limitations of the installation’s configuration (optimizing space,
volume and weights against economics), these limitations can also
contribute to the on-board personnel’s safety risks. These compact,
congested and remote designs can expose personnel to increased
risks from both hydrocarbon (loss of containment events, escalation
to fire/explosion or evacuation risks) and non-hydrocarbon risks
(helicopter and marine transportation, ship collisions, certain
occupational risks). One method of minimizing personnel risk is to
conduct a concept risk assessment (CRA) early in the design
selection process. A CRA is a systematic, consistent, and reasonably
simple assessment, whose methodology is based on that of more
detailed quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) and other detailed
hazard risk analyses. Because the CRA is a screening tool, it
estimates comparative risks among individual design concepts.
This CRA methodology was applied to generic FLNG, CNG, and
FGTL technology concepts. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
SUBSALT 1,003,539
CHALLENGES AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRE-SALT CLUSTER, SANTOS
BASIN, BRAZIL
67
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
R.L.C.Beltrao, C.L.Sombra, A.C.V.M.Lage, J.R.Fagundes Netto their bottom line. Companies that have embarked on the journey
and C.C.D.Henriques (Petroleo Brasileiro SA). OFFSHORE toward production improvements are at a turning point. They have
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, seen the early benefits from investing in asset management
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; technologies and now are looking for ways to leverage operational
OTC-19880; Available on CD-ROM; 11 pp; Over 10 refs) metrics in conjunction with financial metrics to optimize
Pre-salt carbonate reservoirs from Santos Basin represent a performance across the enterprise. Asset performance management
great opportunity and probably the most important recent oil (APM), which empowers decision-making and aligns operations,
discovery. Tupi area (estimated to have recoverable volume of 5 to 8 maintenance and business strategies, is the focus of this paper--an
bboe), which is the most known amongst several other leads in the information-enabled APM solution aligns data throughout the
cluster, is going to be a great insight for the production project. enterprise with automated analytics, enabling more accurate
From the production point of view, this new frontier has decision-making while helping to achieve optimum performance.
technological challenges that are being addressed by Petrobras and (Copyright 2009 OTC)
partners. This paper addresses the most critical points where ................................................................
Petrobras is concentrating research and development (R&D) effort.
(1) Well technology, where casing stability, well cost and SURFACE CHOKE 1,003,542
productivity are addressed, in a scenario of water depths beyond
SHELL SMART CHOKE: SLUG SUPPRESSION
2,200 m, target depths greater than 5,000 m, crossing salt layers
EXPERIENCE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
that can reach 2,000 m in thickness. (2) Poorly known microbial
R.Lacy, J.Germanese, G.Haandrikman and P.Manfield (Shell
carbonate reservoir, heterogeneous in vertical profile, spread over
Global Solutions Inc; Shell Explor & Prod Co; Shell Global Solut Int
large areas, with wettability concerns, requiring careful evaluation
BV; Shell Malaysia). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE
of the performance of the waterflooding method and EOR. (3) Wax
TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff,
deposition, due to low temperature in the ocean bottom, imposing
Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS pp.375-384, 2008. (ISBN
limitations to the subsea layout. (4) Gas processing and exporting
1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM; 3 refs)
technologies concerning environmental issues such as CO2 compact
Slugging problems in offshore flowline-riser systems are often
removal units to minimize emissions to the atmosphere. (5)
experienced in maturing fields, when gas production decreases and
Production units placed in more than 2,000 m water depth, with
watercut increases. A common solution is to use a topside choke to
severe oceanic conditions and dealing with high CO2 content
suppress the slugging. Unfortunately, topside choking results in
production stream. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
increased backpressure leading to production deferment. Shell has
................................................................
recently developed a new slug mitigation technology--the Shell
SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEM 1,003,540 Smart Choke. This technology performs active flow control by
combining a fast actuating boarding choke with an advanced
ANALYSIS OF MULTIPHASE FLOW INSTABILITIES IN control scheme that reacts to changes in the passage of liquid, gas,
THE GIRASSOL DEEP OFFSHORE PRODUCTION SYSTEM or mixed flow. Recent experiences with the implemented Shell
E.Zakarian and D.Larrey (Total E&P). 6TH BHR GROUP Smart Chokes in the Gulf of Mexico are discussed showing the
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN improvements obtained with the technology.
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS ................................................................
pp.359-374, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
10 refs) TAHITI FIELD 1,003,543
After over six years as operator of Girassol, a deepwater oil field
TAHITI DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
development in Angola, Total has acquired a large amount of data
B.R.Varnado (Chevron). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
and strong experience in deep offshore production. The subsea
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009)
production system of Girassol includes several conventional subsea
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19856;
loops connected to an FPSO by 1350 m water depth. Gas can be
Available on CD-ROM; 15 pp; 6 refs)
injected at the base of the production risers for activation and flow
Tahiti represents one of the largest discoveries in Gulf of
stabilization. To ensure efficient topside processing, hydraulic
Mexico deepwater with an estimated total recoverable resource of
stability of the multiphase feed stream is one of the key issues for
400 to 500 million barrels of oil equivalent. Covering portions of
operators. However, when flowing conditions are modified,
Green Canyon OCS blocks 640, 641, 596 and 597, the Tahiti Field is
undesirable hydraulic instabilities may occur in a production line
located in 4,100 to 4,300 ft of water. Tahiti reservoirs are sub-salt,
and cause significant flow rate fluctuations at the riser outlet. We
deep and high pressure. This paper will provide an overview of
describe these instabilities from field measurements and propose
Tahiti development from discovery to concept selection through
their classification between riser-induced slugging and
execution and will briefly note several technology challenges.
hydrodynamic/terrain-induced slugging. Their analysis is
Chevron USA, Inc. is operator of the Tahiti development with 58%
performed with the support of dynamic multiphase simulation,
working interest. StatoilHydro (25%) and Total E&P USA (17%)
including slug tracking.
are joint venture partners. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
................................................................
SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEM 1,003,541
TAHITI FIELD 1,003,544
ASSET PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT HELPS OIL AND
TAHITI SPAR AS A WET TREE CONCEPT
GAS COMPANIES INCREASE ASSET AVAILABILITY,
P.Griffin, H.Thompson, T.Weaver and R.Burke (Chevron;
IMPROVE UPTIME AND EMPOWER MORE INTELLIGENT
Technip USA). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC
DECISION MAKING
09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN
E.S.Fidler (Rockwell Automation). OFFSHORE
978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19857; Available on CD-ROM; 12 pp; 2
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
refs)
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
This paper will address the advantages and challenges involved
OTC-19890; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp; 8 refs)
in designing a truss spar for wet tree application. The spar has
Exploration and production systems operate in harsh
traditionally been used as a dry tree concept with top tensioned
environments with a persistent danger of catastrophe or loss.
production risers. Chevron’s Tahiti project in the Gulf of Mexico will
Process systems handle harsh fluids that stress bearings, seals and
be the first wet tree truss spar. For Tahiti, the favorable motions
the metallurgy of moving parts. The wet, highly saline environment
characteristics of the spar enabled successful fatigue design of the
of sub-sea production magnifies these challenges and pressures to
sour service HPHT steel catenary risers without use of corrosion
the system, which are far greater than the dryer atmospheric
resistance alloys. Use of polyester mooring significantly improved
pressure that surface facilities experience. Acquiring the right
hull vortex induced motions response to loop currents relative to
information to lengthen the life span and improve the availability
traditional chain-wire-chain mooring and enabled SCR departure
of production assets, including rotating equipment, is fundamental
angles to be reduced. HPHT production risers were hung off using
for oil and gas companies seeking to improve production and boost

68 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009


pull tubes, which simplified riser installation and eliminated
uncertainties related to performance of flex joints under HPHT
conditions. Challenges for a wet tree truss spar design include
increased hull density and float-off requirements due to smaller
moonpool dimensions than traditional spars with top tensioned
risers. In addition, the large number of pull tubes created
challenging VIV fatigue designs and, as a result, stringent welding
and NDE requirements were imposed for the pull tubes in the
shipyard. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
TAHITI FIELD 1,003,545
TAHITI FLOWLINE EXPANSION CONTROL SYSTEM
H.Thompson, M.Zhang, M.Brunner, K.DeLack, X.Qi, C.Noel and
J.R.McDermott (Chevron Energy Technol Co; Technip USA).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19858; Available on CD-ROM; 22 pp; 4 refs)
A byproduct of deep-water discoveries is often a high-pressure,
high-temperature (HPHT) reservoir. Reservoir fluids are often
transported to a floating production facility (FPF) via carbon steel
flowlines and risers. Pressurization and heating of flowlines that
were installed empty and cold can lead to significant longitudinal
expansion. The Tahiti Project in the Gulf of Mexico presented a
number of different flowline expansion system problems, including
high pressure, high temperature, future water injection and
reservoir souring, global lateral buckling and fatigue associated
with a number of operating cycles, high flowline end expansions,
high riser bottom tensions, and flowline walking (soil ratcheting).
Additionally, the stringent design challenges of the project produced
corresponding challenges in the area of welding. This paper
discusses some of the flowline expansion control techniques used on
the Chevron Tahiti Project in the Gulf of Mexico. Midline expansion
control via distributed buoyancy and end expansion control via a
novel stab and hinge-over (patent pending) pipeline end
termination (PLET) located on top of a suction pile are discussed,
along with other expansion control topics. The welding
requirements, the challenge of setting up an onshore multi-joint
facility, welding strategies, and the corresponding results will also
be discussed. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
TAHITI FIELD 1,003,546
TAHITI PROJECT SUBSEA SYSTEM
DESIGN/QUALIFICATION
C.Hey, J.Rasmussen and S.Tattersall (Chevron; Cameron).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19859; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; 1 ref)
The Tahiti Project was Chevron’s first high pressure subsea
development. This paper describes some of the design challenges
and key lessons learned from the execution of the subsea
equipment delivery contract and installation program. This paper
will provide an overview of the subsea system and discuss lessons
learned with respect to equipment qualification, and specific issues
regarding thermal insulation, material compatibility and long term
wet storage. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
TAHITI FIELD 1,003,547
TAHITI ONLINE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR STEEL
CATENARY RISERS AND FLOWLINES
M.Karayaka, J.H.Chen, C.Blankenship, W.Ruf and M.Podskarbi
(Chevron Energy Technol Co; 2H Offshore Inc; Schlumberger).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19860; Available on CD-ROM; 11 pp; 8 refs)
The riser and flowline monitoring (RFM) project deployed one of
the most comprehensive subsea structural monitoring systems to
date on a Tahiti infield (production) steel catenary riser (SCR) and
associated flowline. State-of-the-art motion and strain
measurement devices are optimally placed along the SCR to
continuously measure and store real-time full scale riser response.
In addition, RFM project is the first to implement monitoring
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
devices on a flowline to measure the flowline buckling, a
phenomenon that is predicted during repeated start up/shut down.
The project goals are two-fold. (1) Understand fundamental
hydrodynamic behavior of SCRs and flowlines, specifically, floater
motion induced response of catenary risers, vortex induced
vibration of catenary risers, riser behavior at the pull tube exit
region, riser-soil interaction at the touchdown region, flowline
buckling, flowline axial walking, and flow assurance characteristics
of infield flowlines. The information generated will be used in
future riser designs. (2) The information will be used to validate
Tahiti riser and flowline system robustness and conduct health
checks on the fatigue critical risers and flowlines, particularly after
significant environmental or operational events. This paper
describes the monitoring system configuration, the technology
deployed, and the installation methods. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
TAHITI FIELD 1,003,548
CONFIGURATION, FABRICATION, AND INSTALLATION
OF TAHITI TRUSS SPAR BELLY STRAKES
P.Griffin, H.Jones, A.Cattell, M.Scheffer, S.Miller and B.Zhang
(Chevron; HMC; Solberg Technip). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19878;
Available on CD-ROM; 25 pp)
Two types of vortex induced motion (VIM) suppression strakes
were used on the Tahiti Truss Spar: (1) yard installed strakes
fabricated and installed in the shipyard and (2) the field installed
strakes, referred to as belly strakes. The belly side strakes were
fabricated in the shipyard, but installed offshore after the hull
upending and fixed ballast installation. Yard installation was not
possible due to interference with the transportation arrangement.
The major components of the belly strake system are as follows:
Sleeves which are installed in the spar hull in the yard and serve as
receptacles for the support pins, support pins which are swaged
into the sleeves using the patented Oil States Inc. (OSI)
Hydra-Lok(R) tool. The support pins serve as structural support
members for the belly strake panels. Belly strake panels are
approximately 20 ft wide and ranging from 15 ft long to 50 ft long.
Panel lengths were optimized to achieve similar loading for each of
the support pin to sleeve connection. Each strake panel was set
onto its corresponding two support pins and is connected via a
bolted connection. This paper describes the methods used for
fabrication and installation of the Tahiti belly strake components.
(Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
VIBRATION DAMPER 1,003,549
HENNING DEVICES: A NEW CLASS OF VIV SUPPRESSION
APPARATUS FOR OFFSHORE TUBULARS
D.W.Allen, L.Lee and D.L.Henning (Shell Global Solutions Inc).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19881; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; 4 refs)
This paper introduces a new class of vortex-induced vibration
(VIV) suppression apparatus--Henning devices. Test results for a
number of such devices are presented and discussed. One of the
main advantages of these novel devices over helical strakes and
streamlined fairings is that the coverage density required to be
effective is reduced from about 70 to 80% or more to approximately
20 to 25%. The drag on the tubulars with the light coverage density
is therefore significantly reduced, compared to that of helical
strakes. An additional advantage of Henning devices over fairings
is that they are not required to rotate to be effective at reducing
VIV, as evidenced by the tests. With the application of this new type
of hardware, great cost savings can be expected. (Copyright 2009
OTC)
................................................................
VISCOUS CRUDE OIL 1,003,550
VISCOELASTIC MODELS FOR MEXICAN HEAVY CRUDE
OIL AND COMPARISON WITH A MIXTURE OF
HEPTADECANE AND EICOSANE: PT.II
R.C.Dante, E.Geffroy and A.E.Chavez (Mexico Nac Auton Univ).
69
PRODUCING OIL & GAS
FUEL v.86, no.15, pp.2403-2409, Oct. 2007. (ISSN 0016-2361; Over
10 refs)
The viscoelastic properties of crude oils, at a fixed temperature,
can be interpreted in terms of a distribution of relaxation times. A
square relaxation spectrum applied to the Maxwell model is in
accordance with experimental results obtained for a crude oil
specimen from the Cantarell reservoir in south-east Mexico. As a
continuation of a previous paper, the Weissenberg number formerly
proposed for steady viscosity, is also proposed to scale G’ and G’’ at
different temperatures. Although, the mixture of n-heptadecane
and n-eicosane provided good results in the description of viscous
properties of the considered crude oil--as reported in the previous
paper--the viscoelastic properties of the mixture of n-heptadecane
and n-eicosane are very poor in comparison to those of crude oil. In
general, aging of crude oil causes an increment of tan δ quicker
with temperature increment. Moreover, two years of aging cause a
huge increment of G’. The main objective of this paper is providing
a suitable and complete model to describe the viscoelastic
properties of the considered crude oil. (c2007 Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
WATER IN OIL EMULSION 1,003,551
A NEW METHOD FOR WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION FILM
STUDIES
N.Panchev, K.Khristov, J.Czarnecki, D.Exerowa,
S.Bhattacharjee and J.Masliyah (Bulgarian Academy Sciences;
Alberta Univ). COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A:
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS v.315,
nos.1-3, pp.74-78, 2/15/2008. (ISSN 0927-7757; Over 10 refs)
A new method to study thin liquid emulsion films is developed.
It is based on the microinterferometric Thin Liquid Film-Pressure
Balance Technique and involves a newly designed measuring cell
that allows application of AC and/or DC polarizations to single
water-in-oil emulsion films. The major advantage of this new
technique is that within a single experiment it is possible to
determine independently the most important film parameters: film
thickness, critical voltage, film diameter, rate of film drainage, film
capacitance and relative film permittivity. The experimental results
presented on capacitance versus film thinning, critical voltage of
film rupture and relative film permittivity determination, provide a
good idea of the usefulness of the new approach. The new method
opens a broader perspective to a more profound study of water-in-
oil emulsions at a microscopic level. (c2007 Elsevier B.V.)
................................................................
WATER IN OIL EMULSION 1,003,552
WATER IN OIL EMULSION DROPLET SIZE
CHARACTERIZATION USING A PULSED FIELD
GRADIENT WITH DIFFUSION EDITING (PFG-DE) NMR
TECHNIQUE
C.P.Aichele, M.Flaum, T.Jiang, G.J.Hirasaki and W.G.Chapman
(Rice Univ). JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE
SCIENCE v.315, no.2, pp.607-619, 11/15/2007. (ISSN 0021-9797;
Over 10 refs)
This paper describes a proton nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) technique, pulsed field gradient with diffusion editing (PFG-
DE), to quantify drop size distributions of brine/crude oil emulsions.
The drop size distributions obtained from this technique were
compared to results from the traditional pulsed field gradient
(PFG) technique. The PFG-DE technique provides both transverse
relaxation (T2) and drop size distributions simultaneously. In
addition, the PFG-DE technique does not assume a form of the drop
size distribution. An algorithm for the selection of the optimal
parameters to use in a PFG-DE measurement is described in this
paper. The PFG-DE technique is shown to have the ability to
resolve drop size distributions when the T2 distribution of the
emulsified brine overlaps either the crude oil or the bulk brine T2
distribution. Finally, the PFG-DE technique is shown to have the
ability to resolve a bimodal drop size distribution. (c2007 Elsevier
Inc.)
................................................................
70 Petroleum Abstracts
WELL INTEGRITY 1,003,553
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO WELL INTEGRITY
MANAGEMENT
A.Annandale, R.Conway and S.Copping (Marathon Oil UK;
Expro). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123201; Available on
CD-ROM; 7 pp)
Recognising the importance of good well integrity management
practices, Marathon Oil UK developed an online database in
conjunction with Expro to capture their well integrity data. The
database has become a focal point to help facilitate Marathon’s well
integrity management processes and philosophies. The aim of this
paper is to provide an overview of the rationale for developing the
system and the benefits that are being realised for both the Brae
and Alvheim assets. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD
ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION 1,003,554
SULFUR AND ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION DURING CO2
FLOODING OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS
A.Y.Zekri, S.A.Shedid and R.A.Almehaideb (United Arab
Emirates Univ; Texas A&M Univ (Qatar)). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118825;
Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; Over 10 refs)
Simultaneous sulfur and asphaltene deposition in porous media
as a result of CO2 injection may significantly reduce the CO2
flooding injectivity and create plugging problems and might affect
the recovery of efficiency of the process. Accurate assessment of
sulfur and asphaltene deposition during CO2 flooding is critical
information for the design of viable CO2 flooding process. The main
objective of this work is to investigate the simultaneous deposition
of sulfur and asphaltene in the porous media during CO2 flooding.
To achieve this objective, the influences of water saturation, type of
flooding process, i.e., slug and continuous CO2 injection rate, and
permeability of the system on the oil recovery and the losses of
sulfur and asphaltene in the reservoir rocks were investigated.
Nine experiments were carried out using one of UAE oil reservoirs’
crude oil. The results indicated that both sulfur and asphaltene
were precipitated in the system and, in general, higher sulfur
losses to the pores media as compared to asphaltene were observed.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
BACTERIAL OIL RECOVERY 1,003,555
MECHANISM OF MICROBE PROPAGATION IN
HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA AND ANALYSIS OF
VARIOUS MEOR PROCESSES INVOLVED IN MICROBE
TRANSPORTATION
U.Aslam (Stavanger Univ). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119010; Available on
CD-ROM; 9 pp; Over 10 refs)
A potentially inexpensive method, microbial enhanced oil
recovery (MEOR), may prove valuable and economical. Potential
microbe strains must be transported deep into the heterogeneous
reservoir through active metabolites generated in-situ in order to
contact trapped oil. This paper accentuates a bench-scale
laboratory investigation of microbe transportation, not only in
sandstone cores, but also in sand packed columns and its
relationship with improved oil sweep efficiency. This paper presents
various oil recovery processes through a biosurfactant producer
(Bacillus Subtilis). These processes include continuous microbe
flooding, inoculation of microbes followed by nutrient injection and
microbe inoculation followed by repeated cycles of static incubation.
An improved oil sweep efficiency of 25-35% has been observed
through these processes. A microbe migration of 1 to 2 ft/day has
also been revealed. The most feasible process among these three
processes for transport of microbe in heterogeneous porous media
July 25, 2009

has been evaluated and presented through injection of nutrients
followed by static incubation which includes multiplication and
migration of microbe cells. The results of multistage microbe
propagation in laboratory simulation experiments have also been
presented. Analysis of these processes suggests the criterion of
selecting microbe cells with favorable transport properties in
porous media. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
CAUSTIC WATERFLOODING 1,003,556
ALKALINE CONSUMPTION MECHANISMS BY CRUDE OIL:
A COMPARISON OF SODIUM CARBONATE AND SODIUM
HYDROXIDE
J.Sun, L.Sun, W.Liu, X.Liu, X.Li and Q.Shen (Shandong Univ;
China National Petrol Corp). COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A:
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS v.315,
nos.1-3, pp.38-43, 2/15/2008. (ISSN 0927-7757; Over 10 refs)
Alkaline agents have an appeal for enhanced oil recovery
because of their low cost and favorable performance. In this paper,
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are
used as the alkaline chemicals, at the same Na2O content, to
investigate the oil/water interfacial reactions between the Daqing
crude oil and the alkaline solutions. Moreover, oleic acid or the
mixture of ethyl acetate and phthalic acid diethyl ester were added
into the crude oil, respectively, to facilitate the direct observation of
the interfacial reactions and to compare the functional effectiveness
of alkalis. The results showed that: Na2CO3 reacted slowly and
partly with the acid components in crude oil, while NaOH did it
very fast and completely. Interestingly, Na2CO3 is better than
NaOH in lowering the oil/water interfacial tension (IFT), due to its
buffer effect. These help the optimum formulation design of
flooding alkali, which should also be of great importance for tertiary
oil recovery. (c2007 Elsevier B.V.)
................................................................
CHEMICAL INJECTION 1,003,557
AN UPDATE AND PERSPECTIVE ON FIELD-SCALE
CHEMICAL FLOODS IN DAQING OILFIELD, CHINA
H.Pu and Q.Xu (Wyoming Univ; Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd). 16TH
SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-118746; Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp; Over 10 refs)
Industrial-scale polymer flooding has been successfully applied
in Daqing since 1996. Polymer flooding alone contributed more than
10 million tons of oil in 2006, which occupied 25% yearly rate of
Daqing. Incremental oil recoveries of up to 14% of original oil in
place (OOIP) have been obtained in the field. Much experience and
lessons have been learnt on large-scale polymer flooding, including
major factors that influence the recovery and methods to increase
the recovery; measures to obtain a uniform polymer injection
profile; and how to lower the costs of polymer flooding. Also, Daqing
performed research on other chemical floods application, such as
surfactant flood, micellar-polymer flooding, alkaline flooding,
alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding (ASP), alkaline polymer
flooding, and ASP-foam, especially ASP. Those chemical floods were
field tested, or are being tested, to study the feasibility, to provide
technical and practical experience for expanding, and to find
suitable post-polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
technology. Through these tests, the injectivity and productivity of
ASP systems, the best technique of artificial lift and stimulation
measures for low efficiency wells, and economic analysis of chemical
EOR were studied. Pilot test results showed that 20% OOIP
recovery can be obtained over that of waterflooding and is both
technically and economically feasible. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
COALBED METHANE 1,003,558
A NOVEL METHOD FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF
FISHBONE WELL PERFORMANCE IN COALBED
METHANE RECOVERY
X.D.Wu, Y.S.An and C.F.Xi (China Univ Petroleum). NATURAL
GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.11a,76-78,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 5 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD
COMBINATION FLOODING 1,003,559
THE APPLICATION OF SURFACTIN BIOSURFACTANT AS
SURFACTANT COUPLER IN ASP FLOODING IN DAQING
OIL FIELD
D.Wang, Y.Zhang, L.Yongjian, C.Hao and M.Guo (Daqing
Petroleum Inst; Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119666;
Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp; Over 10 refs)
Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding has proved to be
effective in laboratory experiments and field projects. At present,
the restriction to the application of this technique is surfactant
development. Biosurfactants have characteristics of low toxicity, no
pollution, and are inexpensive. Therefore, biosurfactants could be
used as an economical alternative to chemical surfactants in ASP
flooding. The feasibility of using biosurfactant-surfactin-
fermentation liquor (SF) as a complementary agent of ASP flooding
was studied in the laboratory. The results show that surfactin is
toleranct to high salinity (0-12 wt%), high temperature (50°-100°C),
wide pH range (6.0-11.0) and high Ca2+/Mg2+ concentration. This
surfactin could reduce intefacial tension (IFT) of water/oil from
23.53 mN/m to 4.57 mN/m. The IFTs between solutions containing
SF or a mixture of SF and alkylbenzene sulfonate (ORS) at
different ratios and crude oil were studied at a constant NaOH
concentration. The results show interfacial characteristics (IFT) of
SF and significant synergic effect between SF and ORS. The core-
flooding tests show using SF can reduce the cost of ASP flooding.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
COMPOSITIONAL MODEL 1,003,560
IMPROVED METHOD FOR COMPOSITIONAL MODELING
USING A FINE SCALE GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
WITHIN GAS INJECTION PATTERN IN CARBONATE
RESERVOIR
T.Obeida, A.Gibson, H.Al-Hashemi and B.Baruah (Abu Dhabi
Co Onshore Oper; Kelkar & Associates Inc). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118681;
Available on CD-ROM; 6 pp)
The objective of this paper is to address the challenges that are
frequently encountered in simulation studies when using local grid
refine (LGR) within upscaled models. The difficulties mainly arise
due to the unreliability of populating the fine grids with reservoir
properties and attributes. To overcome these limitations, the
proposed method introduces a special fine-scale LGR covering the
pilot area within the upscaled dynamic model. Whereas the
upscaled model has 36 layers, the LGR contains exactly the same
fine-scale layering scheme and reservoir properties as the static
model with 160 layers. The dynamic model in this study is a large
sector model (Nx 167, Ny 98 and Nz 36) with a detailed LGR (Nx
130, Ny 145 and Nz 160). The fluid properties were calculated from
a 10-component equation of state. After the addition of the LGR,
the model history match was updated. Several prediction cases
were then studied to optimize well location (injector and
observation wells) to convert the existing inverted five-spot gas
pattern into water injection line-drive. Several saturation maps
and profiles were generated to predict the breakthrough time for
each observer and utilized to design the future pilot monitoring
program. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
ENHANCED RECOVERY 1,003,561
[R] ENHANCED-OIL-RECOVERY PILOT-TESTING BEST
PRACTICES
D.Denney. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.69-70, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-118055) SRLA#
992,371
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #992,371]
................................................................
71
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD
FOUR DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC
4D: FROM MAINSTREAM TO MAIN STREET
S.A.Levin (Halliburton Energy Service). SPE DIGITAL
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122734; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp;
Over 10 refs)
As highlighted at recent SPE conferences and workshops, the
use of 4D seismic technology has become mainstream. Currently,
4D monitoring programs are used in more than 140 fields. Indeed,
many major companies now require 4D feasibility studies for all
new reservoir development plans. However, the high cost of 4D
monitoring has generally limited its use to large fields that require
heavy expenditures to produce. There has been relatively little
trickle down in the use of 4D seismic among smaller producers,
service companies, and/or consultants. Challenges to 4D market
expansion include technical feasibility as well as various economic
drivers. Expected seismic response changes may be too small to
reliably detect and interpret. Relatively few entities have the
luxury of maintaining a dedicated, integrated geoscience and
engineering team with 4D expertise. However, most experts agree
that economics serve as the greatest barrier to 4D expansion. On
the bright side, I will show that studying the world’s distribution of
oil and gas fields leads one to the conclusion that if 4D costs were to
drop by a factor of three, the number of fields for which 4D becomes
economically feasible would rise by a factor of at least ten.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
FRACTURED RESERVOIR
A COMPOSITE SEEPAGE MODEL FOR FRACTURED
RESERVOIR
J.Feng, R.Luo, L.Cheng, Y.Chang and L.Yu (Res Inst Petrol
Explor Dev; China Univ Petroleum). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST
OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119255; Available on
CD-ROM; 6 pp; 6 refs)
For a fractured low-permeability sandstone reservoir, it is very
difficult to use the conventional method to handle the stochastically
distributed natural fractures, which do not connect with the wells,
in the theoretical study of the naturally fractured reservoir. To
study the seepage law of the fractured reservoir, a fractured
heterogeneity composite reservoir seepage flow model is proposed
by using the equivalent flowing resistance method. With this
model, the effects of naturally fractured parameters on productivity
and formation pressure were investigated. The results indicate that
the fractures within 10 m of the wellbore will have the greatest
impact on pressure distribution and productivity, and the impacts
of fracture length, fracture aperture and fracture number on
pressure distribution and productivity will decrease after they are
greater than some certain value. The study clarified theoretically
the reason that fractures improve the productivity. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
FRACTURED RESERVOIR
VALIDATION OF FRACTURE LINEAMENTS WITH
DYNAMIC WELL DATA, IMPROVES HISTORY MATCHING
OF A DUAL POROSITY-PERMEABILITY MODEL
S.M.Mubarak, Z.A.Ali, T.R.Pham, T.Le Maux and F.M.Colomar
(Saudi Aramco; Beicip Franlab). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119643; Available on
CD-ROM; 11 pp; Over 10 refs)
Simulating fractured carbonate oil reservoirs using the
conventional single-porosity/single-permeability (SPSP) model does
not normally capture the whole fluid flow mechanism in the system.
A dual-porosity/dual-permeability model (DPDP) conditioned by
field dynamic data can lead to better fluid saturation matches. This
paper presents a new approach to history matching of naturally
fractured reservoirs using a DPDP model that incorporates
integrating production field performance data into the geological
fracture model. A case example from a carbonate reservoir model
will be used to illustrate this approach. The construction of the
fracture model was done by employing structural lineaments from
72
1,003,562 3D seismic data and then enhanced by integrating engineering
data into the model. The engineering data included mud losses
during drilling, flowmeter surveys, transient well test analysis and
water production data. The upscaled 3D fracture model was then
4/7-8/2009) used for history matching. With only minor modifications to the
fracture model, a simulation model yielded a reliable match for
water production. Furthermore, 80% of mud loss occurrences were
in agreement with the 3D seismic lineaments mapping. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
FUZZY LOGIC 1,003,565
AN APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC IN INTERPRETATION
OF PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR
ROCKS [PROBA ZASTOSOWANIA LOGIKI ROZMYTEJ DO
INTERPRETACJI PARAMETROW PETROFIZYCZNYCH
SKAL ZBIORNIKOWYCH]
B.Darlak and M.Kowalska-Wlodarczyk (Oil & Gas Inst
(Poland)). NAFTA-GAZ v.63, no.5, pp.305-314, May 2007. (ISSN
0867-8871; Over 10 refs; In Polish)
The paper presents initially works due to a new calculation
method supported on fuzzy logic. Base fuzzy logic definitions and
operations on fuzzy classes are reviewed as well as a proof of
creation proposal system in fuzzy logic. This model applied to
petrophysical laboratory data is described and discussed.
................................................................
INTERFACIAL TENSION 1,003,566
1,003,563
EFFECT OF BRINE SALINITY ON INTERFACIAL TENSION
IN ARAB-D CARBONATE RESERVOIR, SAUDI ARABIA
T.M.Okasha and A.J.A.Al-Shiwaish (Saudi Aramco). 16TH SPE
MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS
2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-119600; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; 7 refs)
Carbonate reservoirs contain more than 50% of the world’s
hydrocarbons reserves. In Saudi Arabia, most of the current
hydrocarbon production is from the Arab-D carbonate reservoir.
Interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and brine during waterflooding
has a significant effect on oil recovery and production strategy. So,
this study was carried out to investigate the effect of brine dilution,
temperature, and pressure on IFT of dead and recombined oil in
Arab-D carbonate reservoir as the first phase in evaluating the
potential of low salinity flooding technique to improve oil recovery.
In this study, Arab-D reservoir brine with total dissolved solids
(TDS) of 214,943 ppm was mixed with distilled water in two
proportions, resulting in a first solution with TDS = 107,906 ppm
and a second with TDS = 52,346 ppm. For reservoir brine and each
diluted brine, crude oil/water IFT was measured at reservoir
conditions. Test results showed a decrease in IFT values for both
dead and recombined oil as the volume percent of brine in the
mixture decreased. IFT decreased with increasing temperature at
constant pressure and increased with pressure at constant
temperature. Such results show that low salinity flooding may be a
good technique to improve oil recovery in Arab-D carbonate
1,003,564 reservoir. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR 1,003,567
NEW IDEAS OBTAINED FROM LABORATORY STUDY OF
FLOWING MECHANISMS IN LOW-PERMEABILITY
RESERVOIRS
P.Guo, Y.G.Xu, Z.Y.Chen, Y.W.Jiang and Y.M.Pang (Southwest
Petroleum Univ; PetroChina; Sinopec). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.12a-13a,86-88,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
NATURAL FRACTURE 1,003,568
INTEGRATED FRACTURE STUDY USING FORMATION
MICRO IMAGER, STONELEY WAVES AND FORMATION
EVALUATION RESULTS IN CARBONATE RESERVOIR AT
GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT
E.A.E.A.Bassim, K.Yamaguchi, D.Juandi, M.Emam and A.Ali
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

(Arabian Oil Co; Schlumberger). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118895; Available on
CD-ROM; 10 pp; 5 refs)
In this paper, we developed a workflow of an integrating
formation micro imager, Stoneley waves and petrophysical analysis
for better fracture characterization and selecting the best
perforation intervals for a producing well. This workflow is applied
on well NWO-1, in the Northwest October Concession in the Gulf of
Suez area over the carbonate reservoir. The well was drilled on the
peak of an anticlinal feature created by the fault propagation fold of
a normal fault that was located near the well. The main objectives
were to determine the structural geology feature, its orientation,
the diagenetic features using a formation micro imaging tool and to
quantify the effectiveness of fractures as fluid conduit mainly in the
carbonate reservoirs either in Thebes or Mokattam Formation. The
study reveals that the highest average fracture density is over
(Layer-A and B) at the uppermost interval of Thebes Formation
around 2.2 fractures/ft and (Layer-C) at the bottom around 1.77
fractures/ft. These fractures were proven to be of good fluid conduit
based on both Stoneley waves and the petrophysical interpretation.
The two layers A and B were recommended to be tested and the
drill steam test results proved higher productivity than in layer C,
which confirms the outcome from our integrated study. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
PERMEABILITY (ROCK)
[R] METHOD FOR 4D PERMEABILITY ANALYSIS OF
GEOLOGIC FLUID RESERVOIRS
P.A.Geiser, asr. (STRM LLC). Can. 2,347,435A1, p. 4/27/2000, f.
10/15/1999 (Appl. 2,347,435), pr. U.S. 10/16/1998 (Appl. 60/104,482)
and World 10/15/1999 (Appl. 9,924,154) (G01V-001/00). (41 pp)
SRPA# 739,837
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #739,837]
................................................................
PERMEABILITY (ROCK)
A NEW APPROACH FOR IMPROVING PERMEABILITY
ESTIMATION BY INTEGRATING SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN
SIMULATION (SGS) WITH CO-ACTIVE NEURO FUZZY
INFERENCE SYSTEM (CANFIS) NETWORK
Y.Rafiei, S.M.M.Mirkalaei, R.Masoudi, A.Ataei and M.Khordoo
(Petroleum Univ Technology; National Iranian Oil Co). 16TH SPE
MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS
2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS
(SPE-118339; Available on CD-ROM; 13 pp; Over 10 refs)
This paper shows that geostatistical modeling integrated with
artificial neural network (ANN) can be effectively used to estimate
permeability when limited amount of core and log data is available.
The goal of this study is to create a good calibrated data set and
then design a proper network for permeability estimation in an
Iranian oil reservoir. In this work, the reservoir has first been
classified into two different flow units to overcome the extreme
heterogeneity of the reservoir. Then SGS was performed to obtain
very fine permeability distribution versus depth and log data in
cored intervals of each flow unit of the reservoir. After that, an
uncertainty analysis was done to create data set by selecting the
best points with highest probability and lowest value of standard
deviation. These data were input to design and train the CANFIS
network. This network is based on a fuzzy logic algorithm that the
parameters obtained are from learning rules of a neural network.
Then core data are used to test the network. The results show the
acceptable estimation of permeability. Finally, the network can
effectively be used to estimate permeability in uncored but logged
wells. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PERMEABILITY (ROCK)
PERMEABILITY ESTIMATION USING LOG DATA, ABU
DHABI OFFSHORE FIELD, UAE
M.Bazara and S.M.Salman (Zakum Development Co). 16TH
SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
July 25, 2009
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD
(SPE-118741; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp; 3 refs)
Rock permeability indicator significantly increases with
porosity for the intergranular-type formation (not applicable for
non-interganular rock, such as formation containing solution
channels, vugs or fracture); however, it is also quite dependent on
the surface area presented by the grains. On the other hand,
irreducible water saturation reflects the surface area. Therefore, a
function of porosity and irreducible water saturation can help in
prediction of the absolute permeability. In our case study, the actual
Sw (initial) was used in this function; hence, the permeability
obtained actually represents the effective rather than absolute
value. Through the petrophysical evaluation of an offshore oilfield
in Abu Dhabi, it was noticed that by applying a function of water
saturation, porosity and other coefficients, there was a good match
between the permeability estimated using open-hole log data and
permeability measured from the core sample in the laboratory. A
further step of this quality check of this function is taken by
comparing these results to the wells test and having an overall
comparison over the full field data in-hand. This paper focuses on
establishing a correlation between open-hole log data interpretation
and permeability measurement from the core sample that resulted
in generating an empirical equation capable of predicting the
permeability from the open-hole log data. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYS 1,003,572
1,003,569 REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF PRESSURE TRANSIENTS:
ADVANCES IN RESERVOIR MONITORING
C.Contreras, S.Bodwadkar and A.Kosmala (Schlumberger).
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123115; Available on
CD-ROM; 11 pp; 8 refs)
Reservoir engineers operating in mature fields across the world
struggle to get necessary reservoir data to make their exploitation
plans more realistic. With the advent of digital oilfield technology,
the pressure and hence the deterioration in well deliverability can
be continuously and cost effectively monitored. This paper
1,003,570 illustrates how real-time data can be used to make decisions on
when to invest in pressure transient tests, and when a test is run,
how to minimize the downtime. The case studies presented here are
for wells on electrical submersible pumps in various types of
reservoirs across Latin America. The paper briefly discusses the
three pillars of digital oilfield--technology, processes and
people--and how they work together to achieve continuous reservoir
and production optimization. Reservoir analysis for wells on
electrical submersible pumps (ESP) is challenging due to the
2009.
restrictions imposed by the downhole equipment. Our work
presented here focuses on developing workflows and interpretation
techniques for this unique environment. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYS 1,003,573
A CALCULATION METHOD OF POINT SOURCE
SOLUTIONS FOR PRESSURE PERFORMANCE OF
HORIZONTAL WELLS IN EDGE-WATER GAS RESERVOIRS
C.Y.Li, L.H.Zhang, R.Zhang, W.Gong and J.Gao (Southwest
Petroleum Univ; PetroChina). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
(TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.13a,89-91, 7/25/2007. (ISSN
1000-0976; 10 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1,003,574
WHERE IS THE GAP? IS IT IN MORE RESERVOIR
ENGINEERS OR IN LEVERAGING NEW SKILLS AND
WORKFLOWS THAT ENHANCE INDIVIDUAL
PRODUCTIVITY?
1,003,571 C.Amudo and T.Graf (Chevron Australia Pty Ltd;
Schlumberger). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW
AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118727; Available on CD-ROM; 7 pp; 9
refs)
The primary functions of a reservoir engineer include
estimation of hydrocarbons in place, the evaluation of the recovery
Petroleum Abstracts 73
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD
factor and the scheduling of the recovery. These roles are central in
meeting the extremely complex challenges of the life-cycle
development of hydrocarbon resources. These challenges have now
assumed gargantuan proportions because of mature assets
requiring more attention to squeeze the last drop of oil from them.
The fact is that our traditional deterministic approach of working is
people intensive and it has started to fail the industry. Therefore,
recruiting many more engineers to meet the present challenges can
only fuel the vicious cycle of hire and fire approach that has made
our industry less attractive in the past. We need to embrace new
workflows based on established statistical concepts like neural
networks and experimental designs that move the focus from
people to computers. These new workflows also enable greater
flexibility in data handling, ensure consistency in uncertainty
quantification and give results in continuous distributions that can
be sampled rapidly using statistical techniques like Monte Carlo.
This paper describes how statistical techniques can help in many
core reservoir engineering roles like surveillance, history match
and reservoir management. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
RESERVOIR FLUID
RESERVOIR ANALYSIS BASED ON COMPOSITIONAL
GRADIENTS
O.Abohwo (Stanford Univ). Ph.D.
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, p.1281-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; Order
no.DA3253461; 159 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
RESERVOIR HEATING
[R] OSCILLATING FLUID FLOW IN A WELLBORE
R.L.Schultz, T.W.Cavender, R.L.Pipkin and D.D.Gleitman, asrs.
(Halliburton Energy Service). World 2009/009,412A2, p. 1/15/2009,
f. 7/3/2008 (Appl. 0,869,137), pr. U.S. 7/6/2007 (Appl. 60/948,346)
and U.S. 5/14/2008 (Appl. 120,633) (E21B-0043/24; E21B-0028/00).
(46 pp) SRPA# 995,399
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #995,399]
................................................................
RESERVOIR HEATING
[R] DETECTING ACOUSTIC SIGNALS FROM A WELL
SYSTEM
D.D.Gleitman, R.L.Schultz and R.L.Pipkin, asrs. (Halliburton
Energy Service). World 2009/009,437A2, p. 1/15/2009, f. 7/3/2008
(Appl. 0,869,225), pr. U.S. 7/6/2007 (Appl. 60/948,346) and U.S.
5/14/2008 (Appl. 120,633) (E21B-0036/02;
E21B-0043/24). (38 pp) SRPA# 995,399
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #995,399]
................................................................
RESERVOIR HEATING
[R] HEATED FLUID INJECTION USING MULTILATERAL
WELLS
R.L.Schultz, T.W.Cavender, S.R.Fipke,
D.J.Steele, J.E.Velez and E.Rosas Fermin, asrs. (Halliburton
Energy Service). World 2009/009,445A2, p. 1/15/2009, f. 7/3/2008
(Appl. 0,869,249), pr. U.S. 7/6/2007 (Appl. 60/948,346)
(E21B-0041/00; E21B-0043/24). (22 pp) SRPA# 995,399
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #995,399]
................................................................
RESERVOIR HEATING
[R] DOWNHOLE ELECTRICITY GENERATION
R.L.Schultz, asr. (Halliburton Energy Service).
2009/009,447A2, p. 1/15/2009, f. 7/3/2008 (Appl. 0,869,254), pr. U.S.
7/6/2007 (Appl. 60/948,346) (E21B-0041/00; H03H-0009/00). (27 pp)
SRPA# 995,399
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #995,399]
................................................................
74
RESERVOIR HEATING 1,003,580
GAME CHANGER
P.Roche. NICKLE’S NEW TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE v.14,
no.5, pp.26-28, June 2008. (ISSN 1480-2147)
Royal Dutch Shell plc has doubled its R&D spending to US$1.2
billion in 2008 from about $600 million in 2005, funding its
potentially game-changing in-situ upgrading process (IUP) test at
Peace River in northwest Alberta. In what could lead to a
revolutionary innovation, Shell has been testing a way to upgrade
bitumen in the reservoir for more than two years. Electric heaters
raise the subsurface temperature to a point where the reservoir, in
effect, acts as a refinery. As happens in a refinery, the lighter
products are boiled off, leaving the heavier components behind in
the reservoir. The upgraded oil can be further refined into products
such as gasoline and jet fuel.
................................................................
SCALE DEPOSITION 1,003,581
THE APPLICATION OF STREAMLINE RESERVOIR
SIMULATION CALCULATIONS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF
1,003,575 OILFIELD SCALE
T.Fawzy and E.Mackay (Schlumberger; Heriot Watt Univ).
16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND
thesis, 2007; CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119605; Available on CD-ROM; 7 pp;
Over 10 refs)
Inorganic scales precipitate in oilfield systems--downhole in the
reservoir, in the production flow tubing, and in surface
facilities--because of thermodynamic changes that affect the flowing
brines. These changes may be induced by temperature or pressure
1,003,576 changes or by mixing of incompatible brines. While much work has
been performed to study the effect of thermodynamic changes such
as pressure decrease or temperature increase on scale precipitation,
it is only recently that a body of work has been developed on the
impact that the dynamics of brine mixing in the reservoir has on
scale precipitation in situ. The objective of this paper is to study the
application of a streamline simulator that has the appropriate
chemistry modelling capabilities to realistic reservoir scenarios.
The calculations performed demonstrate where, and under what
conditions, scale precipitation takes place in situ in the reservoir,
and what the resulting impact on the chemical composition of the
1,003,577 produced brine will be. This information is key in the planning of
management of oilfield scale, especially in developments where
options for scale mitigation may be limited. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
SCALE DEPOSITION 1,003,582
E21B-0047/14; [R] CHARACTERIZE SCALING DAMAGE FROM PRESSURE
MEASUREMENTS
D.Denney. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61,
no.6, pp.71-72, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; SPE-112500) SRLA#
959,929
1,003,578 [For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #959,929]
................................................................
SOUR GAS 1,003,583
A.S.Deshmukh,
MODIFICATIONS TO THE METHOD OF CALCULATING
SULFUR CONTENT IN SOUR GAS FIELDS
Y.B.Li, X.F.Li and K.H.Li (China Univ Petroleum; PetroChina).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.13a-14a,92-94, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 7 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
1,003,579
TRACER SURVEY 1,003,584
World THE USE OF TRACERS FOR RESERVOIR
CHARACTERIZATION
L.A.Anisimov, V.N.Kilyakov and I.V.Vorontsova (LUKOIL).
16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND
CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-118862; Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp; 4
refs)
The use of tracers in reservoir studies shows that this is the
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

best method to evaluate the downhole region of the well and
interwell space. Tracer methods give new opportunities to evaluate
the fluid-flow properties and continuation or compartmentalization
of reservoirs. Radioactive and chemical tracers have been used in
the Volgograd Region to construct hydrodynamic models of clastic
and carbonate reservoirs. The method of radon indication has been
used for downhole region evaluation. After radon injection, the
permeability along the vertical section in a well can be calculated
according to the level of radioactivity on a log. The convective
nature of tracer-tests provide additional information about the
reservoir. The following parameters are used for interwell space
evaluation: tracer velocity in a reservoir; tracer concentration as
the consequences of tracer dissolution in formation fluid flow; and
frequency of the tracer presence in samples--a number of tracer
pathways from injection to production wells. The use of the tracer
survey method can evaluate the vertical fluid flow barriers,
reservoir continuity in every block, fluid-flow properties, and
understanding of the reservoir architecture in the interwell space.
The main result of tracer method is the ability to detect the ultra
high permeability zones that cannot be found by other methods of
reservoir analysis. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
VISCOUS OIL RECOVERY
HEAVY OIL RECOVERY WITH FLUID WATER AND
CARBON DIOXIDE
D.L.Hagen, I.Wylie, L.A.McGuire and G.Ginter, asrs. (Vast
Power Portfolio LLC). World 2009/038,777A1, p. 3/26/2009, f.
9/18/2008 (Appl. 0,810,922), pr. U.S. 9/18/2007 (Appl. 60/994,196)
and U.S. 9/19/2007 (Appl. 60/994,361) (E21B-0043/24). (119 pp)
Diluted wet combustion forms a hot process fluid or VAST
(Value Added Steam Technology) gas comprising carbon dioxide
(C02) and fluid water which is delivered to geologic formations or
from surface mined materials to reduce the viscosity or increase
hydrocarbon extraction. High water or CO2 content is achieved by
reducing non-aqueous diluent or adding or recycling C02. Power
recovered from expanding the VAST gas may pressurize the VAST
gas for delivery by partial expansion through a Direct VAST cycle,
or by diverting compressed oxidant through a parallel
thermogenerator. In a Diverted VAST cycle, pressurized VAST gas
may be used for injection into wells within the formation, back
injection wells or production wells. Light hydrocarbons may be
mixed in with the hot process fluid, enhancing hydrocarbon
mobilization and recovery. Microwaves may heat the VAST gas
and/or hydrocarbon. Sulfur oxidation, calcining limestone or
recycling may increase CO2. Oxygen enrichment may increase the
specific power.
................................................................
VISCOUS OIL RECOVERY
METHODS, SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS
PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS
SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION
I.Cooper, R.Burgos, P.Schneider and
(Schlumberger Technol Corp). U.S. 2009/0,020,335A1, p. 1/22/2009,
f. 7/17/2007 (Appl. 778,803) (E21B-0007/08). (11 pp)
Methods, systems, and apparatus that are suitable for use in
production of hydrocarbons from subterranean heavy oil deposits
employ a subterranean cavity in communication with a borehole.
The cavity is preferably formed along a U-tube borehole by coiled
tubing reaming operations and/or radial drilling and explosive
blasting.
................................................................
WATERFLOODING
RESERVOIR SIMULATION STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF
WATERFLOODING EFFECT FOR A NATURALLY
FRACTURED LOW PERMEABILITY FIELD IN DAQING,
CHINA: A SUCCESSFUL CASE
H.Pu, G.Wang and Y.Li (Wyoming Univ; PetroChina). 16TH
SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-118836; Available on CD-ROM; 11 pp; 9 refs)
The Xinzhao oilfield, developed in 2000, is one of the major
July 25, 2009
RESERVOIR ENG & REC METHOD
naturally fractured reservoirs of Daqing oilfield, China. Production
is obtained from the Putaohua sandstone formation at an average
depth of 1,338 m. After several years of waterflood development,
the development effect was deteriorating, many wells were
becoming stripper wells, and watercut increased greatly. To
improve the development effect of the Xinzhao oilfield, a reservoir
study was made to understand past performance and to develop a
long-range development plan. The purpose of the study is to
develop an optimization strategy for waterflood performance. The
first step in the process is to better understand the reservoir. The
second step is to analyze past waterflood production performance to
understand the development characteristics of the existing pattern
(inverted nine-spot well pattern). The production rate decline is
analyzed, and the reasons causing the current poor development
effect are identified. The third step is to develop optimization and
surveillance recovery strategies. Reservoir simulation approaches
are utilized to optimize the well pattern. The recommended plan is
pattern modification with strategy of implementing conversions
step by step. A field test of waterflood pattern realignment was
carried out. This paper presents the results of pattern modification
and the tracking and modifications strategies. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
1,003,585
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
CATHODIC PROTECTION 1,003,588
PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES -
CATHODIC PROTECTION OF PIPELINE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: PT.2: OFFSHORE
PIPELINES
ANSI/NACE STANDARD SP0607-2007/ISO 15589-2 (MOD)
2007. (ISBN 1-57590-214-1; 87 pp; Over 10 refs)
Pipeline cathodic protection is achieved by the supply of
sufficient direct current to the external pipe surface, so that the
steel-to-electrolyte potential is lowered to values at which external
corrosion is reduced to an insignificant rate. Cathodic protection is
normally used in combination with a suitable protective coating
system to protect the external surfaces of steel pipelines from
corrosion. This part of ISO 15589 specifies requirements and gives
recommendations for the pre-installation surveys, design,
materials, equipment, fabrication, installation, commissioning,
operation, inspection and maintenance of cathodic protection
systems for offshore pipelines for the petroleum and natural gas
industries as defined in ISO 13623. This part of ISO 15589 is
applicable to carbon and stainless steel pipelines in offshore
1,003,586 service; to retrofits, modifications and repairs made to existing
pipeline systems; and to all types of seawater and seabed
FOR environments encountered in submerged conditions and on risers
FROM A up to mean water level.
................................................................
J.Styre, asrs.
CATHODIC PROTECTION 1,003,589
STUDY EXAMINES COATING COMPATIBILITY WITH CP
R.Norsworthy (Polyguard Products Inc). OIL & GAS
JOURNAL v.107, no.20, pp.52-55, 5/25/2009. (ISSN 0030-1388;
Over 10 refs)
For a pipeline coating to be truly compatible with cathodic
protection (CP), the coating should allow CP protection to the pipe
even if disbondment occurs and water penetrates between the
coating and pipe. CP must be adequate to provide the needed
1,003,587 current to significantly reduce or eliminate the corrosion under the
nonshielding disbonded coating. Coatings that shield CP when
there is a disbondment are a major cause of external corrosion
problems on pipelines. Even with proper application some coatings
can disbond through soil stress and other methods. When applying
CP to coated pipelines, end users must consider the problems faced
if the coating disbonds. CP current is very effective when it has a
path to the pipe metal. Disbonded coatings shielding CP, not lack of
CP itself, cause most external corrosion on pipelines. When
disbondment or blistering occurs most coatings divert current from
its intended path, preventing CP current from adequately
Petroleum Abstracts 75
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
protecting the external surfaces of a pipe. A coating must conduct
CP current even when disbondment occurs to adequately protect
underground pipelines. Certain pipeline coatings will allow CP
current to protect the pipe if disbondment occurs and water
penetrates between the coating and the pipe. This article discusses
the differences between the two types of coating systems and how
CP works with each.
................................................................
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
COMPARISON OF THE ITERATIVE APPROXIMATIONS OF
THE COLEBROOK-WHITE EQUATION
C.T.Goudar and J.R.Sonnad (Bayer HealthCare; Oklahoma
Univ). HYDROCARBON PROCESSING v.87, no.8, pp.79-80,83,
Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0018-8190; Over 10 refs)
Friction factor estimation is a key component of piping system
design and the Colebrook-White equation is typically the method of
choice for computing turbulent flow friction factor in rough pipes. It
relates the friction factor, "f", implicitly to the pipe roughness and
the Reynolds number, Re. While the visual representation in a
graphical correlation is certainly appealing, accurate f
determination is difficult and this approach is not suited for most
current computer-based piping system design projects. For
computer implementation, iterative numerical methods such as the
Newton-Raphson method can be used to determine f. Ideally, these
iterative calculations are not desirable, and in an attempt to
simplify f estimation, several explicit approximations of f have been
proposed. Accuracy of f values determined from these correlations
varies greatly and not all correlations are valid over a large Re
range (typically 4,000 < Re < 10 E+08) to be universally applicable.
Accuracy of the noniterative empirical correlations has been
comprehensively evaluated and was found to be in the 1.42-28.23%
range.
................................................................
CRYOGENIC PUMP
DESWIRL MECHANISMS AND ROLLER BEARINGS IN AN
AXIAL THRUST EQUALIZATION MECHANISM FOR
LIQUID CRYOGENIC TURBOMACHINERY
K.A.Kaupert, asr. (Ebara International
2009/0,004,032A1, p. 1/1/2009, f. 2/2/2008 (Appl. 12,541), pr. U.S.
3/29/2007 (Appl. 60/920,618) (F01D-0003/00; F04B-0017/03;
F04D-0029/56; F04D-0027/00). (17 pp)
Vane, fin, and hole arrangements establish a predetermined
reduced swirl at the inlet of mechanical seals and the inlet of a
variable axial orifice gap which act in harmony as an axial thrust
equalizing system for use in liquid cryogenic turbines and pumps.
In said establishment the stiffness, damping, and inertia in said
seal in conjunction with said variable orifice gap is manipulated,
including the destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness which is reduced.
Said seal is of either labyrinth annular type formed by a plurality
of teeth, annular smooth, or a plurality diamond annular surface
pattern. Said variable orifice gap is smooth. Liquid for the axial
thrust equalizing seal is initially bled from the main to pass
through a preset deswirl mechanism. The deswirl mechanism
consists of either a plurality of vanes, fins, grooves, or circular holes
that guide liquid radial inward before passing through said
mechanical seal.
................................................................
DRAG REDUCTION
EFFECT OF POLYMER DRAG REDUCING AGENT ON
IMMISCIBLE OIL-WATER HORIZONTAL FLOW
M.Al-Yaari, B.Abu-Sharkh, A.Soleimani and A.Al-Sarkhi (King
Fahd Univ; Schlumberger Dhahran Ctr; Tulsa Univ). 6TH BHR
GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.341-355, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
Over 10 refs)
This paper reports a series of experiments to investigate the
characteristics in liquid-liquid flow in a horizontal nominal
0.0254-m pipe with and without water soluble polymer drag
reducing agent (PDRA). The PDRA was injected at the beginning of
the test section at the bottom of the pipe. In these experiments, the
76
focus was on determining the flow pattern and pressure drop with
and without adding the PDRA. The pressure gradient was
measured for each point on the flow regime map and an attempt
was made to correlate change in pressure drop with change of flow
pattern. The results showed a significant reduction in pressure
gradient due to PDRA, especially at high mixture velocity which
was accompanied with a clear change in the flow pattern. Phase
inversion point in dispersed flow regime occurred at a water
fraction range of (0.33-0.35) indicated by its pressure drop peak
1,003,590 which disappeared by injecting only 5 ppm (weight basis) of PDRA.
Effect of PDRA concentration and molecular weight on flow
patterns and pressure drops are presented in this study.
................................................................
EXTERNAL CORROSION 1,003,593
[R] PIPELINE EXTERNAL CORROSION DIRECT
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
ANSI/NACE STANDARD SP0502-2008 2008. (ISBN
1-57590-156-0; Revised RP0502-2002; 57 pp; Over 10 refs) SRLA#
810,620
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #810,620]
................................................................
FLOW MODEL 1,003,594
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE BIBERG PRE-INTEGRATED
STRATIFIED TWO-PHASE FLOW MODEL INCLUDING
PROFILE FACTORS
H.Holmas, D.Biberg, G.Johnson, R.Schulkes and T.Sira (SPT
Group Norge AS; StatoilHydro ASA; Inst Energy Technol Norway).
6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.127-141, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; Over 10 refs)
This paper demonstrates that viscous Kelvin-Helmholtz
1,003,591 analysis of the Biberg pre-integrated stratified flow model
corresponds well with the onset of roll-waves in two-phase pipe
flow. Comparisons with experiments demonstrate that it is
necessary to include the effects of smaller waves in the friction
models in order to correctly predict the transition. Besides
Corp). U.S. providing a way to include these waves, the assumed turbulent
velocity profile of the Biberg model opens for consistent modelling
of the velocity profile factors in the inertia terms in two-fluid
models. For most flow conditions, however, the profile factors
appear to be of secondary importance to the improvements in the
friction calculations.
................................................................
FLOW VISUALIZATION 1,003,595
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CORE-ANNULAR FLOW
BEHAVIOUR WITH THE INJECTION OF AIR IN
HORIZONTAL PIPE
P.Poesio, D.Strazza, B.Grassi and M.Margarone (Brescia Univ;
Eni E&P). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY
NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.191-205, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; 10 refs)
In this paper, we show the results of an experimental campaign
carried out to study three phase flow regimes and pressure drop
behaviour in a 21-mm internal diameter glass pipe. In particular,
1,003,592 we pay attention to what happens to core-annular oil-water flow
when air is also present in the pipe. An example of core-annular oil-
water flow and gas slug is shown. The fluids used are tap water, a
highly viscous oil, and compressed air. Differently from other works
on three phase flow, we inject the air in the oil before the inlet of
the pipe so to simulate what really happens in industrial plants as
accurately as possible. The results on three-phase flow
investigation are then compared to purpose-made oil-water two-
phase flow observations.
................................................................
GAS HYDRATE 1,003,596
STRUCTURE AND KINETICS OF GAS HYDRATES FROM
METHANE/ETHANE/PROPANE MIXTURES RELEVANT TO
THE DESIGN OF NATURAL GAS HYDRATE STORAGE AND
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

TRANSPORT FACILITIES
R.Kumar, P.Linga, I.Moudrakovski, J.A.Ripmeester and
P.Englezos (British Columbia Univ; Steacie Inst Molecular Sci).
AIChE JOURNAL v.54, no.8, pp.2132-2144, Aug. 2008. (ISSN
0001-1541; Over 10 refs)
The kinetics of gas hydrate growth from binary CH4/C2H6 and
CH4/C3H8 and ternary CH4/C2H6/C3H8 gas mixtures were obtained
by the gas uptake method in a semibatch stirred vessel at constant
pressure and a temperature of 273.7 K. These data are of interest
for the design of facilities for natural gas storage and
transportation in the solid (hydrate) state. During hydrate
formation, samples from the gas phase were taken and analyzed by
gas chromatography. It was found that the molar composition of
CH4 in the vapor phase increased as hydrate crystallization
progressed. The observed fractionation effect (enrichment of the
hydrate phase with propane) complicates the natural gas storage
process. The fractionation effect was also confirmed with molecular-
level studies where hydrate from the CH4/C2H6/C3H8 gas mixture
was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), NMR, and
Raman spectroscopy. The hydrate phase composition and cage
occupancy of each gas were calculated with the help of information
obtained by Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and PXRD.
The results were consistent with those obtained by NMR. The
composition of the gas phase and the hydrate are found to evolve
over time, suggesting that kinetic and transport factors contribute
in addition to thermodynamics. (c2008 American Institute of
Chemical Engineers)
................................................................
GAS LIQUEFACTION PLANT
[R] BOIL-OFF GAS TREATMENT PROCESS AND SYSTEM
P.Bridgwood, asr. (LNG Technology Pty Ltd).
2009/006,694A1, p. 1/15/2009, f. 7/9/2008 (Appl. 0,801,011), pr.
Austral. 7/9/2007 (Appl. 2007-903,701)
F25J-0001/02). (20 pp) SRPA# 996,868
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #996,868]
................................................................
GAS LIQUEFACTION PLANT
[R] FLOWLINE SYSTEM AND
TRANSFERRING CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
P.Bridgwood, asr. (LNG Technology Pty Ltd).
2009/006,695A1, p. 1/15/2009, f. 7/9/2008 (Appl. 0,801,012), pr.
Austral. 7/9/2007 (Appl. 2007-903,701)
F17C-0007/02). (23 pp) SRPA# 996,868
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #996,868]
................................................................
HYDRATE FORMATION
PROPANE HYDRATE NUCLEATION: EXPERIMENTAL
INVESTIGATION AND CORRELATION
L.Jensen, K.Thomsen and N.von Solms (Denmark Tech Univ).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE v.63, no.12, pp.3069-3080,
June 2008. (ISSN 0009-2509; Over 10 refs)
In this work the nucleation kinetics of propane gas hydrate has
been investigated experimentally using a stirred batch reactor. The
experiments have been performed isothermally recording the
pressure as a function of time. Experiments were conducted at
different stirring rates, but in the same supersaturation region. The
experiments showed that the gas dissolution rate rather than the
induction time of propane hydrate is influenced by a change in
agitation. This was especially valid at high stirring rates when the
water surface was severely disturbed. Addition of
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to the aqueous phase was found to
reduce the gas dissolution rate slightly. However the induction
times were prolonged quite substantially upon addition of PVP.
The induction time data were correlated using a newly developed
induction time model based on crystallization theory also capable of
taking into account the presence of additives. In most cases
reasonable agreement between the data and the model could be
obtained. The results revealed that especially the effective surface
energy between propane hydrate and water is likely to change
when the stirring rate varies from very high to low. The
prolongation of induction times according to the model is likely to
July 25, 2009
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
be due to a change in the nuclei-substrate contact angle. (c2008
Elsevier Ltd.)
................................................................
INTERNAL CORROSION 1,003,600
INTERNAL CORROSION DIRECT ASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGY FOR LIQUID PETROLEUM PIPELINES
NACE STANDARD SP0208-2008 2008. (ISBN 1-57590-221-4;
35 pp; 6 refs)
This standard practice formalizes a methodology termed liquid
petroleum internal corrosion direct assessment (LP-ICDA) that can
be used to help ensure pipeline integrity. The methodology is
applicable to pipelines that are normally fully packed with
petroleum compound(s) existing in an incompressible liquid state
under normal pipeline operating conditions, with basic (or bottom)
sediment and water (BS&W) contamination normally lower than
5% by volume. The basis of LP-ICDA is identification and detailed
examination of locations along a pipeline in which water or solids
can accumulate for extended periods, allowing informed conclusions
to be made about the integrity of the non-examined pipeline. If the
locations determined to have the highest susceptibility for long-
term internally corrosive conditions are examined and found to be
free of significant corrosion, other less susceptible locations may be
considered to be free of corrosion. LP-ICDA methodology for liquid
petroleum systems is described in terms of a four-step process: (1)
pre-assessment, (2) indirect inspection, (3) detailed examination,
and (4) post-assessment. The LP-ICDA method provides the
greatest benefit for pipelines that cannot be in-line inspected;
1,003,597 however, the method is not limited to unpiggable pipelines.
................................................................
World LINE PIPE 1,003,601
[R] PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE
(F17C-0013/00;
Y.Arai and K.Nakamura, asrs. (Sumitomo Metal Inds Ltd).
Europe. 1,914,324A1, p. 4/23/2008, f. 7/25/2006 (Appl. 06,781,542),
pr. Japan 7/25/2005 (Appl. 2005-214,723) (C21D-0008/10;
C21D-0009/08; C22C-0038/00; C22C-0038/32). (23 pp) SRPA#
1,003,598 924,481
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #924,481]
METHOD FOR ................................................................
World LINE PIPE 1,003,602
[R] SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE AND METHOD FOR
(F17C-0009/02;
PRODUCING SAME
Y.Arai, K.Kondo and N.Hisamune, asrs. (Sumitomo Metal Inds
Ltd). Europe. 1,918,395A1, p. 5/7/2008, f. 7/26/2006 (Appl.
06,781,670), pr. Japan 7/26/2005 (Appl. 2005-216,233) and World
1,003,599 7/26/2006 (Appl. 06,314,758) (C22C-0038/00; C21D-0008/10;
C21D-0009/08; C22C-0038/58). (16 pp) SRPA# 924,482
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #924,482]
................................................................
LINE PIPE 1,003,603
[R] SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE FOR LINE PIPE AND
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
K.Kondo, Y.Arai and N.Hisamune, asrs. (Sumitomo Metal Inds
Ltd). Europe. 1,918,397A1, p. 5/7/2008, f. 8/22/2006 (Appl.
06,782,899), pr. Japan 8/22/2005 (Appl. 2005-240,069) and World
8/22/2006 (Appl. 06,316,395) (C22C-0038/00; C21D-0008/10;
C21D-0009/08; C22C-0038/12; C22C-0038/58). (20 pp) SRPA#
926,643
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #926,643]
................................................................
LINE PIPE 1,003,604
[R] SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE FOR LINE PIPE AND
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
K.Kobayashi, T.Omura, K.Kondo, Y.Arai and N.Hisamune, asrs.
(Sumitomo Metal Inds Ltd). Europe. 1,918,398A1, p. 5/7/2008, f.
8/22/2006 (Appl. 06,782,902), pr. Japan 8/22/2005 (Appl.
2005-240,069) and World 8/22/2006 (Appl. 06,316,398)
(C22C-0038/00; C21D-0008/10; C21D-0009/08; C22C-0038/12;
C22C-0038/58). (20 pp) SRPA# 926,643
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #926,643]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts 77
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
LINER
POLYMER LINER AND CONNECTOR QUALIFICATION
FOR USE IN SUBSEA PIPELINES
T.Campbell (Subsea 7). OFFSHORE
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19900;
Available on CD-ROM; 15 pp; 3 refs)
Since second quarter 2007, the work described herein has been
carried out to qualify and install polymer liners and suitable
connectors in two different carbon steel subsea pipelines for water
injection service in the Norwegian and UK sectors of the North Sea
using the swage-lining technique. The Norwegian line is 16 in.
diameter x 9.1 km long and is the largest size of swage-lined pipe to
have been reel installed. The pipeline was fabricated at the
company’s newly commissioned spool base for the North Sea located
at Vigra near Alesund in mid-Norway. It was transported and
successfully installed by Seven Navica, one of the company’s reeled
pipeline lay vessels. The UK line is 6 in. diameter x 1.3 km long. It
is the smallest size of swage-lined pipe to be installed subsea and
forms the first application of swage-lining to a pipe contained inside
a pipeline bundle. The pipeline bundle was fabricated and launched
near Wick in the north of Scotland. The bundle was successfully
transported and installed offshore by the company using its
controlled depth tow method. Full scale lining and bending trials
plus pressure testing have been conducted to verify the integrity of
candidate liners and connectors when subjected to extreme
installation and operational design conditions. (Copyright 2009
OTC)
................................................................
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
LNG TRANSFER IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS
INTRODUCTION OF A NEW CONCEPT
S.Hoog, H.Koch, R.Huhn, C.Frohne, J.Homann, G.Clauss,
F.Sprenger and D.Testa (IMPaC Offshore Engineering; Nexans).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19866; Available on CD-ROM; 13 pp; 8 refs)
One of the most challenging questions with regard to the
technical part of the LNG (liquefied natural gas) supply chain has
not been answered satisfactorily yet: How can LNG be safely and
reliably transferred between a floating terminal platform and a
shuttle tanker in harsh environmental conditions? The problem
consists of two main technical issues. The first is the vessel mooring
configuration (e.g. side-by-side (SbS), tandem). The second is the
type and appropriate handling of the transfer lines for the
cryogenic liquid. The innovative offshore LNG loading system
Maritime Pipe Loading System 20 (MPLS20) is proposed by the
project partners Nexans and Brugg, manufacturers of vacuum
insulated, flexible cryogenic transfer pipes, IMPaC, an engineering
company and the Technical University Berlin, Department of Land
and Sea Transportation Systems, with expertise in numerical
analyses and model tests. The new concept is based on a unique
tandem mooring configuration that introduces a mooring bay for
the shuttle tanker. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted
to determine the envelope of motions and mooring forces. LNG
transfer can take place even under severe environmental conditions
which makes this new concept superior to other approaches such as
side-by-side configurations using composite hoses. (Copyright 2009
OTC)
................................................................
MULTIPHASE FLOWMETER
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING LIQUID
AND GAS FLOW RATES IN A STRATIFIED MULTI-PHASE
FLOW
A.S.Rawat. U.S. 2009/0,006,008A1, p. 1/1/2009, f. 6/30/2008
(Appl. 164,828), pr. U.S. 6/28/2007 (Appl. 60/946,735)
(G01F-0001/74). (17 pp)
A method and apparatus for measuring a flow rate of a
component of a stratified two-phase fluid flow within a
substantially horizontally extending pipe is provided. The method
includes the steps of (1) determining a first fluid velocity value and
a second fluid velocity value within the pipe section; (2)
78
1,003,605 determining a density of the fluid flow within the pipe section, and
creating a measured fluid density value; (3) determining a degree of
fluid phase stratification of the fluid flow using at least one of the
top and bottom fluid flow velocity values, and the measured fluid
TECHNOLOGY density value; and (4) determining a flow rate value for at least one
5/4-7/2009) of a liquid component of the fluid flow and a gas component of the
fluid flow within the pipe section. In an oil and gas application,
determining the flow rates of the oil and gas can facilitate the
processing of each component.
................................................................
OFFLOADING 1,003,608
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH SHIP TO SHIP
TRANSFER
P.Englebert (Exmar Marine NV). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19854;
Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp)
The paper describes the design, installation and operation of a
ship-to-ship (STS) transfer system for LNG. It addresses the
qualification of the cryogenic hoses and the emergency-disconnect
couplings as well as the operational procedures for the berthing and
transfer operation offshore. The system uses standard components
adapted only where needed for its new function. The operational
procedures for berthing offshore have a long and proven track
record in the oil lightering industry. The net result is a simple and
cost effective solution for offshore transfer of LNG, developed in a
fast and efficient manner and already proven with more than 10
commercial operations. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
1,003,606
PIPE TESTING 1,003,609
-
[R] PIPE EVALUATION APPARATUS AND METHOD
J.Middleton, asr. (Tuscan Corrosion Ctrl Ltd). Gr. Brit.
2,442,909A, p. 4/16/2008, f. 8/9/2006 (Appl. 0,802,442), pr. Gr. Brit.
8/9/2005 (Appl. 0,516,353) and World 8/9/2006 (Appl. 0,602,976)
(G01N-0027/87; G01N-0017/00; G01N-0017/02; G01N-0017/04). (50
pp) SRPA# 929,412
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #929,412]
................................................................
PIPE TESTING 1,003,610
PROBLEMS OF PRESSURE TESTING OF POLYETHYLENE
GAS PIPELINES [PROBLEMY REALIZACJI PROB
CISNIENIOWYCH GAZOCIAGOW Z POLIETYLENU]
A.Klupa, J.J.Czopek and A.Wroblewska (Oil & Gas Inst
(Poland)). NAFTA-GAZ v.63, no.5, pp.341-346, May 2007. (ISSN
0867-8871; 6 refs; In Polish)
In Poland, polyethylene gas pipelines were being field pressure
tested as long ago as the 1970s. During pressure testing of
polyethylene pipelines it is necessary to provide allowance for the
fact that polyethylene pipes expand under pressure and are subject
to creep. Standards implemented in Poland acknowledged the
phenomenon, but did not provide specific guidance for making
allowance. In this paper, results of pattern tests of polyethylene
pipework conducted by the Oil and Gas Institute for evaluation of
the pressure drop caused by the strain of a pipe material are
presented.
................................................................
PIPELINE ANCHORING 1,003,611
1,003,607 EVALUATION AND MITIGATION OF AXIAL WALKING
WITH A FOCUS ON DEEP WATER FLOWLINES
H.Rong, R.Inglis, G.Bell, Z.Huang and R.Chan (J P Kenny).
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston,
TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19862; Available on CD-ROM; 10 pp; 10 refs)
Axial walking is the cumulative axial displacement of a
complete flowline length occurring over a number of start up and
shut in cycles, which may lead to excessive end movement and
ultimately the failure of tie-in jumper/spool connection. The
phenomenon is evaluated for the relatively short deep water
flowlines which are operated under the following conditions: very
soft clay soil; high slope seabed profile; and steep temperature
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

gradient during start up and shut down. This paper addresses a
study of deep water flowline walking through detailed finite
element simulation with ABAQUS. The non-linearity of pipe-soil
friction and pipe material, the seabed profile, the pressure and
temperature profile, and the connected pipeline end termination
(PLET) resistance are considered. The effects of different
parameters on the pipeline axial walking are studied, especially for
the pipe-soil friction models which are critical and heavily
dependent on the embedment for the deep water flowline. A range
of friction curves (LB, BE and UB) and mobilization distances are
considered due to the uncertainty and complexities involved in the
deep water soil properties. Possible mitigation methods for axial
walking are further discussed. The advantage and disadvantages of
each option are compared with respect to cost, possibility of success
and conditions. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
PIPELINE CORROSION 1,003,612
URETHANE-LINED POLYMER COMPOSITE PIPE IS
DESIGNED TO RESIST SLURRY HYDROTRANSPORT
ABRASION AND CORROSION
P.Mertiny (Alberta Univ). MATERIALS PERFORMANCE v.47,
no.8, pp.16-18, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0094-1492)
To resolve hydrotransport pipeline erosion and corrosion
problems experienced when mining the oil sands deposits in
northeastern Alberta, researchers with the Advanced Composite
and Materials Engineering Group at the University of Alberta
(Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) have developed a novel, filament-
wound, fiber-reinforced polymer pipe with an intrinsically bonded
polymeric internal liner that is capable of venting trapped volatiles.
Granular, bitumen-rich materials from oil sands deposits are moved
from the mine and processing plants as an aqueous slurry through
pipeline hydrotransport. The massive amounts of slurry mixture
causes significant metal loss in conventional metal pipelines,
particularly along the bottom inside half of the pipes. Abrasion- and
corrosion-resistant polymer liners show promise as an economical
means to increase the service life of metal pipes.
................................................................
PIPELINE CROSSING 1,003,613
[R] STEEL-CASED PIPELINE PRACTICES
NACE STANDARD SP0200-2008 2008. (ISBN 1-57590-094-7;
Revised RP0200-2000; 23 pp; 9 refs) SRLA# 757,443
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #757,443]
................................................................
PIPELINE FLOW 1,003,614
ADVANCED SIMULATION OF GAS-LIQUID PIPELINES
P.Andreussi, M.Bonizzi, A.Di Lullo, M.Margarone, A.Scotti and
S.Taddei (Pisa Univ; TEA Sistemi; Eni E&P). 6TH BHR GROUP
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.5-19, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
Over 10 refs)
In this work, a new simulation tool named MAST (multiphase
flow analysis and simulation of transitions) is used for the analysis
of gas-liquid and gas-liquid-liquid pipeline flow under unsteady or
transient flow conditions. The two-phase, isothermal version of the
code is described elsewhere. The present version of the code
considers the presence of three phases (gas-liquid-liquid) and six
flow fields (dispersed and continuous gas and liquid phases) and is
based on the numerical integration by an explicit method of the
mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. In this paper,
the dynamic features of the code are validated against a set of
measurements relative to gas-liquid slug flow in a 400-m-long,
0.2-m ID pipe and the code is used to interpret field data relative to
an existing pipeline 27.5-km-long, 0.4-m ID operating in a pressure
range between 70 and 35 bar, used for the transportation of well
fluids (gas, oil and water) from the producing wells to the
separation unit.
................................................................
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
PIPELINE FLOW 1,003,615
THE ADVANCE TOWARDS WANDA MULTI-PHASE:
SIMULATIONS OF FAST TRANSIENTS IN MULTI-PHASE
PIPELINES
A.G.T.J.Heinsbroek and H.Hartmann (Delft Hydraulics). 6TH
BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.57-68, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; 2 refs)
This paper presents results of gas dynamics simulations in a
multi-phase (gas/condensate) pipeline. The code is already applied
in various consultancy projects concerning choke-valve break-out
and it is part of the ongoing development of a gas dynamics module
that will be integrated within the (currently single-phase)
WANDA(c) software package. The choke-valve break-out scenario
has been simulated with our newly developed validated code which
solves for transient flow of compressible fluids through pipelines by
solving the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy
combined with a constitutive law (ideal gas law and others). In this
way, the model is able to solve for pressure surges with a variable,
temperature dependent wave speed. Furthermore, the model
accounts for the presence of liquid slugs in local depressions of the
pipeline, which will even further force up pressure due to reflection
of the travelling pressure wave.
................................................................
PIPELINE FLOW 1,003,616
USE OF MULTIPHASE ANALYSIS TO ENHANCE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS IN THE LOBO GAS
GATHERING SYSTEM
T.J.Danielson and Q.T.Bui (ConocoPhillips Co). 6TH BHR
GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.69-86, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM; 5
refs)
The Lobo Gas Gathering System, owned and operated by
ConocoPhillips, gathers gas in Webb and Zapata counties (Texas)
then feeds into central gathering/dehydration points which enter
Lobo Pipeline system. Lobo Pipeline system terminates at a central
processing facility at King Ranch and interstate pipelines at Agua
Dulce. Many of the lines are multiphase (gas-condensate-
water/glycol or gas-condensate) due to operation upsets or low
velocity due to field depletion. As a result, system prediction and
optimization are difficult. Further,significant back-pressure is
placed on the system by liquid dropout and collection in uphill
sections of the pipelines. ConocoPhillips has developed a
multiphase model for these lines, tunable to Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data, which respects the
complexities of multiphase flow. This model has allowed
ConocoPhillips to alter operations to reduce the liquid
accumulation, resulting in lower overall operating pressure and
increased production.
................................................................
PIPELINE FLOW 1,003,617
COMPARISON OF TWO PHASE PIPE FLOW
EXPERIMENTS WITH A ROLL WAVE MODEL AND A
COMMERCIAL SIMULATOR
A.De Leebeeck, O.J.Nydal, G.W.Johnson, J.I.Monsen and
A.Goldszal (Norwegian Univ Sci Technol; StatoilHydro; Total E&P
Norge AS). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY
NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.143-155, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; 6 refs)
A model for roll waves was compared with two-phase flow data
from experiments with a gas-condensate system at high pressure in
upward and downward inclined pipes, and with commercial
multiphase flow simulator software OLGA(R) which does not include
a particular model for wavy flow. Wavy flow in the commercial
simulator is treated as averaged stratified flow. The roll wave model
without any tuning to the data and the commercial simulator gave
similarly accurate results for experiments with large amplitude
waves. The roll wave model also provided additional information on
large roll wave flow such as wave length, speed and height.
................................................................
79
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
PIPELINE FLOW
SAND TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS IN WATER AND
TWO-PHASE AIR/WATER FLOWS IN PIPELINES
S.Al-Iababidi, W.Yan, H.Yeung, P.Sugarman and C.P.Fairhurst
(Cranfield Univ; BP Exploration & Prod). 6TH BHR GROUP
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.159-174, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
Over 10 refs)
With the advent of subsea tiebacks and horizontal wells, sand
transport in multiphase pipeline is of key interest for oil and gas
companies. This paper presents experimental works to investigate
the sand behaviour in water and in two-phase air/water flows. The
investigations were undertaken in 2-inch (ID = 0.05 m) horizontal
and 5 degrees upward inclined pipelines. The concentration effect
on sand transport velocity was also studied. The sand volume
concentration used ranged from 0.00053% (5 lb/1,000 bbl) up to
0.053% (500 lb/1,000 bbl). Based on the definition of King et al.
(2000), the velocity at minimum transport condition (mtc) for water
and two-phase air/water flows was determined by visual
observation. Pressure drop was also measured and was used to
assist in the interpretation of the sand behaviour. The sand
transport characteristic map for transported and non-transported
regions was developed for two-phase air/water flows in both
horizontal and uphill pipelines.
................................................................
PIPELINE FLOW
SOLIDS RE-ENTRAINMENT IN AN INCLINED PIPE USING
AIR-WATER FLOW
I.Pothof, W.van Kesteren, R.Roberts and G.Kouba (Delft
Hydraulics; Chevron). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE
TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff,
Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS pp.175-188, 2008. (ISBN
1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM; 3 refs)
Air-water-solids experiments were performed in a large-scale
inclined test rig with a pipe diameter of 220 mm. One of the main
objectives of this research project was the determination of the
liquid film velocity to remove a sediment bed from the bottom of the
incline under gas dominated flow conditions. To test the effect of
solids composition on this film velocity, a wide variety of solids
mixtures was used. This paper discusses the test rig, the set-up of
the experiments, and part of the results of the bed removal tests,
highlighting the erosion mechanisms, the required liquid film
velocities and the effect of the solids composition on the bed
removal.
................................................................
PIPELINE FLOW
SLUG FREQUENCY IN GAS/LIQUID HORIZONTAL FLOW
E.Al-Safran (Kuwait Univ). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE
TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff,
Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS pp.217-240, 2008. (ISBN
1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM; Over 10 refs)
The objective of this study is to phenomenologically investigate
the parameters controlling slug frequency in horizontal two-phase
pipe flow and to develop a predictive empirical correlation. In this
study, two aspects governing slug frequency are investigated,
namely the slug initiation mechanism at the pipe entrance region
(entrance effect) and the flow development along the pipe (pipe
length effect). Experimental results show that fully developed slugs
generated under the hydrodynamic slugging mechanism have lower
frequency than those generated under the terrain slugging
mechanism for high Froude number conditions (NFr > 3).
Conversely, fully developed slugs generated under the terrain
slugging mechanism have frequency greater than those generated
under hydrodynamic slugging frequency in low Froude number
conditions (NFr < 3). Based on the understanding of the related
physical parameters to slug frequency, a new slug frequency
correlation is developed using a broad range experimental data
base.
................................................................
80
1,003,618 PIPELINE FLOW 1,003,621
A GROWTH MODEL FOR DYNAMIC SLUGS IN GAS/LIQUID
HORIZONTAL PIPES
U.Kadri, R.F.Mudde and R.V.A.Oliemans (Delft Univ Technol).
6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
AMERICAN AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.241-254, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; Over 10 refs)
A new theoretical model for determining the dynamic slug
length has been developed. Given the flow conditions and pipe
diameter, the model estimates the length of a growing slug as a
function of time. The model considers the flow rates entering and
leaving the slug by calculating the relative velocity and the liquid
height at its front and tail. Viscous long wavelength theory and the
slug stability model were used for calculating the liquid level in
both stratified and fully developed slug flow. The change in liquid
level at the back of the slugs was calculated using geometric
relations and flow conditions. Assumptions based on average slug
growth were made in order to calculate the average final slug
length. Special attention is given to the prediction of the long slug
region. The model predicts the transition from long to
hydrodynamic slugs for different pipe diameters. The predictions
were validated by comparison with experimental data. The
accuracy of the predictions is satisfactory for most gas flow rates.
................................................................
PIPELINE FLOW 1,003,622
1,003,619
A METHODOLOGY FOR FAST THERMODYNAMIC
COMPUTATION OF MIXED COMPOSITION STREAMS:
APPLICATION TO SUBSEA PIPELINE MODELLING
P.Dhoorjaty, D.Erickson and P.Parthasarathy (Multiphase
Solutions Inc). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY
NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.323-339, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; 7 refs)
We consider the problem of simulating a multiphase pipeline
network with streams of various compositions and subsea
separators. An explicit, algebraic thermodynamic model has been
developed for mixture and flash calculations. This obviates the need
for expensive compositional simulation and yields the speedups
necessary for operator training and engineering simulator systems.
The model calculates the gas mass fraction in terms of a few
characterization parameters, determined a priori from
compositional data. Predictions are accurate to within 10% over
large ranges of pressure and temperature. The model is
incorporated into a pipeline simulator and applied to a real-world,
deepwater oil and gas system. Relevant operational scenarios
involving transients due to stream mixing, varying subsea
1,003,620 separator conditions, and gas breakout and absorption in post-
separation liquids are illustrated.
................................................................
PIPELINE LEAK 1,003,623
DIFFUSION PROCESS OF LEAKAGE GAS CAUSED BY
PIPELINE ACCIDENTS
Z.Yang, J.B.Lai and J.L.Han (Tianjin Univ). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.14a-15a,97-99,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
PIPELINE LEAK 1,003,624
LEAKAGE MODEL OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE
S.P.Xiang, L.Feng and Y.C.Zhou (Tongji Univ; PLA Logistical
Eng Univ). NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE)
v.27, no.7, pp.15a,100-102, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In
Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

PIPELINE PRESSURE
RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION OF PRESSURE ENERGY
OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE NETWORK
J.Wen and M.F.Xu (Xi’an Jiaotong Univ). NATURAL GAS
INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7, pp.16a,106-108,
7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
RISER PIPE
EFFECT OF UPSTREAM CONDITIONS ON THE TWO
PHASE FLOW IN THE LARGE DIAMETER VERTICAL PIPE
S.F.Ali and H.Yeung (Cranfield Univ). 6TH BHR GROUP
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.255-269, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
Over 10 refs)
Two phase flow in large diameter vertical pipes is of
considerable importance to various fields of multiphase flows.
Recently, due to increase in demand in various energy sectors
considerable attention has been paid in understanding the flow
behavior in large diameter vertical pipes. This paper reports the
experimental results of flow pattern identification in relatively
large diameter (254 mm) vertical pipe. The present work also
investigates the effect of upstream conditions on the flow patterns
occurring in the vertical test section. The observed flow patterns
are classified as bubbly, agitated bubbly, unstable slug and
churn/froth flow. Absence of hydrodynamic slugging, i.e., non-
occurrence of Taylor bubble in the riser is also reported. It is found
that agitated bubbly and churn/froth type of flows dominates in the
vertical large diameter pipe under the condition where
conventional small diameter pipe indicates slug flow. Experimental
results demonstrate the sensitivity of the flow patterns occurring in
the vertical section with the upstream conditions in the flowline.
The statistical analysis performed on the data along with visual
observations, suggests that liquid slugs formed in flowline dissipate
as they traveled up the riser due to the high velocity distorted
bubble clusters.
................................................................
RISK ANALYSIS
METHOD OF ASSIGNING WEIGHT TO RISK FACTORS OF
OIL AND GAS PIPELINE
Z.G.Zhao, A.L.Yao, X.F.Zhao and Y.Bo (China National Petrol
Corp; Southwest Petroleum Univ; Chongqing Univ Sci Technol).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.15a-16a,103-105,108, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In
Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
SEAL
SEALING APPARATUS
A.G.Bowie. U.S. 2009/0,020,180A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 7/21/2008
(Appl. 176,532), pr. Gr. Brit. 7/21/2007 (Appl. 0,714,294)
(F16L-0055/16). (7 pp)
An apparatus for sealing a pipe having a defect or penetration
comprises a housing coupled to the pipe by a clamp member. A
piston is mounted in the housing and the piston and housing define
a chamber. The piston further comprises a port for providing fluid
communication between the pipe and the chamber. A seal member
is provided between the piston and the pipe and, in use, the
apparatus is located over and/or around the defect or penetration in
the pipe such that the seal member engages the pipe. The piston is
urged towards the pipe by a fluid pressure force generated by fluid
in the pipe thereby maintain sealing engagement between the seal
member and the pipe and to prevent leakage of fluid through the
penetration. The seal has application to the petroleum industry for
pipeline and well tubing repair.
................................................................
July 25, 2009
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
1,003,625 SLUG FLOW 1,003,629
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF SLUG AND
SLUG-LIKE FLOWS IN INCLINED PIPES AND CHANNELS
H.Laux, E.A.Meese, S.Mo, S.T.Johansen, K.M.Bansal,
T.J.Danielson, A.Goldszal and J.I.Monsen (SINTEF; ConocoPhillips
Co). 6TH BHR GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH
AMERICAN CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008)
PROCEEDINGS pp.21-37, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also
available on CD-ROM; Over 10 refs)
1,003,626 Over the past years, a novel transient multiphase flow
simulator, called LedaFlow, with both one- and multi-dimensional
capabilities has been developed by ConocoPhillips, Total and
SINTEF. This paper presents LedaFlow results from a study of two-
phase flows in inclined pipes (slug flow, slug statistics, transitional
AMERICAN
flow) and a horizontal channel (slug-like flow, slug propagation).
Multi-dimensional simulation results obtained with LedaFlow are
compared with experimental results, and with simulation results
obtained with a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
code (CFX-5.7). It is demonstrated that complex flow regimes such
as gravity-induced and hydrodynamic slugging, and transitional
flow (between wavy-stratified and slug flow) are naturally predicted
with the LedaFlow quasi three-dimensional (Q3D) model.
................................................................
SLUG FLOW 1,003,630
RECENT ADVANCES IN SLUG FLOW MODELLING
P.Adames, S.Smith, W.Svrcek and B.Young (Neotechnology
Consult Ltd; Calgary Univ; Auckland Univ). 6TH BHR GROUP
MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
pp.41-55, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
Over 10 refs)
There has been a convergence of ideas for mechanistic, unified,
one-dimensional two-phase slug flow modelling in the past two
decades. The focal point of this convergence has been the
observation that there is a controlling maximum velocity in the
structure with a narrow probability distribution. Therefore, the
basic equations of mass continuity between the dispersed liquid
slug, the segregated film section, and the whole slug unit cell can be
simplified by referencing the position coordinate to an inertial
1,003,627 frame of reference moving at this characteristic maximum velocity.
In this work, the effect of using better closure relations is shown to
have a beneficial effect in the overall prediction capabilities of a
given slug flow model. Examples are given of how a mechanistic
liquid slug hold-up model can improve a structurally complex model
that integrates the momentum balance along non-uniform bubble
profile while other improvements in geometry and momentum
balance can contribute to capture the measured slug characteristics
through a simplified slug model that assumes a constant film
thickness.
................................................................
1,003,628
STEEL PLATE 1,003,631
STEEL PLATE FOR SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
M.Hamada, T.Kamo, S.Okaguchi, N.Takahashi and T.Fukuba.
U.S. 2009/0,022,619A1, p. 1/22/2009, f. 9/12/2008 (Appl. 232,196), pr.
Japan 3/16/2006 (Appl. 2006-073,150) and U.S. 3/14/2007 (Appl.
0,755,041) (C22C-0038/42; C22C-0038/04; C22C-0038/60). (9 pp)
A steel plate for submerged arc welding having good low
temperature toughness at a fusion line vicinity part and a
boundary with the base material in HAZ as well as at the base
material and the weld metal is provided. The steel plate for
submerged arc welding according to the invention contains, by
mass, 0.03% to 0.09% C, 1.5% to 2.5% Mn, 0.005% to 0.025% Nb,
0.005% to 0.02% Ti, 0.01% to 0.06% Al, at most 0.0005% B, 0.001%
to 0.008% N, at most 0.015% P, at most 0.015% S, and at most
0.006% O, and the balance consists of Fe and impurities. Therefore,
the steel plate according to the present invention has good low
temperature toughness not only at the fusion line vicinity part and
the boundary with a base material in the HAZ but also in the base
material and weld metal. The steel plate is a base material for a
welded steel pipe for use in a pipeline through which petroleum or
natural gas is transported.
................................................................
Petroleum Abstracts 81
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
ULTRASONIC TESTING 1,003,632
DEVELOPMENTS IN DISCONTINUITY SIZING USING
AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC TESTING - AN
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
L.L.Morgan, M.G.Lozev, D.Hodgkinson and R.L.Spencer (MIC
Ltd; Edison Welding Inst; TransCanada Pipelines Ltd).
MATERIALS EVALUATION v.66, no.8, pp.851-857, Aug. 2008.
(ISSN 0025-5327; 7 refs)
Two independent experimental evaluations of automated
ultrasonic testing systems have been compared. When equivalent
setups were applied, the results were consistent. The two data sets
were then joined and provided a sizeable set for analysis. This
allowed an evaluation of whether the heights of surface and buried
discontinuities could be sized to different accuracies. This
proposition was not supported by the data. The role of outlier data
points was then investigated and they were found to have a strong
influence on statistical measures. A set of these outlier
discontinuities was investigated further and their properties
analyzed before selection for further study by computer modeling.
The importance of defining the lengths of discontinuities in a
consistent way is also important in the acceptance or rejection of
discontinuities, and options are considered.
................................................................
ULTRASONIC TESTING 1,003,633
EVALUATION OF STRESSES GENERATED BY WELDING
IN API 5L X65 STEEL USING ACOUSTOELASTICITY
A.A.Santos, M.H.Andrino, D.E.Bray and R.E.Trevisan
(Campinas State Univ; Don E Bray Inc). MATERIALS
EVALUATION v.66, no.8, pp.858-864, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0025-5327;
Over 10 refs)
API 5L X65 steels are used to manufacture pipe for gas and oil
pipelines. Several countries use a manual welding process that
utilizes coated electrodes. During the process of welding by
deposition, residual stresses appear in the welding region. It is
crucial that these stresses be known in order to accurately assess
the service life of the junction, since these stresses may combine
with applied stresses and result in failures. This paper describes
the use of acoustoelasticity to evaluate the stress profile in welded
joints. The technique is based on the measurement of speed
variation of ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted waves and
the relationship between this speed variation and the change in
stress patterns. The variation of speed is also directly related to the
properties and the manufacturing characteristics of the material
analyzed. Stresses were measured in the longitudinal direction of
the welding cord. The original plates were stress relieved. The
ultrasound results show good agreement with the expected stress
profile, although additional studies are needed to assess the
magnitude of stresses in the thermally affected areas resulting
from structural changes and the addition of welding material.
................................................................
UNDERWATER PIPELINE 1,003,634
MECHANISMS OF PIPE EMBEDMENT AND LATERAL
BREAKOUT ON SOFT CLAY
H.R.C.Dingle, D.J.White and C.Gaudin (Western Australia
Univ). CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL v.45, no.5,
pp.636-652, May 2008. (ISSN 0008-3674; Over 10 refs)
Pipelines laid on the seabed expand and contract during
operating cycles as a result of thermal loading, which can lead to
lateral buckling. Analysis of this behaviour requires assessment of
the vertical penetration and lateral breakout responses. This paper
reports centrifuge modelling of these processes using advanced
image analysis techniques to observe the soil deformation. Simple
mechanisms are fitted to the observed deformation patterns,
allowing the mobilized soil strength to be back-calculated. The
vertical embedment mechanisms closely match plasticity solutions.
Even if heave is accounted for, the penetration resistance is slightly
higher than calculations based on the undrained strength inferred
from a T-bar penetrometer. This discrepancy can be attributed to
the additional remoulding and softening during steady flow around
a T-bar compared to shallow pipe penetration. The lateral breakout
response is brittle, and the peak resistance is governed by the
available tensile resistance behind the pipe. During steady lateral
82 Petroleum Abstracts
sweeping, the pipe rises close to the original soil surface. At this
stage, the resistance is governed by the growth of a soil berm ahead
of the pipe. Accurate assessment of the near-surface soil strength is
difficult, hampering the use of theoretical solutions.
................................................................
UNDERWATER PIPELINE 1,003,635
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGES OF
MANUFACTURING AND INSTALLING ONE OF THE
WORLD’S DEEPEST PIPELINES
M.Connelly, R.Freeman and M.Cizek (Corus Tubes Ltd;
Williams Field Services). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19883;
Available on CD-ROM; 13 pp; 7 refs)
Corus Tubes was the sole supplier of 457 mm (18 in.) linepipe
for the Williams Perdido Norte project. At 2514 msw Perdido is one
of the deepest large diameter export pipelines in the world. The
depth of the pipeline, coupled with the severely undulating seabed
bathymetry, made it one of the most challenging projects completed
to date. In total, 312.3 km of 457 mm (18 in.) outside diameter
linepipe was delivered in thicknesses ranging from 19.1 mm to 27.0
mm; dimensions well beyond the production capabilities of most
UOE mills. The characteristics of the UOE process are described.
Pipe of this quality, apart from ensuring deepwater integrity, helps
realize tangible benefits during the installation phase by offering a
high level of product consistency that facilitates welding. Despite
demanding offshore welding defect acceptance criteria, pipeline
fabrication was successfully completed with low levels of repair,
attributable in part to the quality of the pipe produced. This paper
documents the factors that led to the successful design and supply
of the Perdido Norte linepipe. Corus Tubes’ technical achievements
will be described in detail from collaboration in terms of pipe
specification, through plate selection and supply, to eventual pipe
manufacture and delivery. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
UNDERWATER PIPELINE 1,003,636
GLOBAL BUCKLE CONTROL WITH DUAL SLEEPERS IN
HP/HT PIPELINES
Q.Bai, X.Qi and M.Brunner (Technip USA Inc). OFFSHORE
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN 978-1-55563-244-1;
OTC-19888; Available on CD-ROM; 12 pp; 7 refs)
High pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) pipelines may
significantly expand and contract longitudinally during operational
heating and cooling cycles, resulting in global buckle formation at
naturally occurring locations with high out-of-straightness. This
global buckling behavior may be unacceptable if it is not properly
managed. To manage global buckling, planned buckle initiators
such as distributed buoyancy sections or sleeper pipe upsets are
often designed to ensure pipeline integrity. However, the commonly
considered single-sleeper upsets are not always feasible due to
pipeline operational limitations. The upset of a pipeline using two
parallel sleepers separated by a short distance may initiate pipeline
global buckling more easily under a lower compression load. The
dual-sleeper will also provide lower stresses and stress ranges
during thermal cycling when compared with the single-sleeper,
especially for larger diameter pipelines. This paper discusses the
applications of dual sleepers as global buckle initiators, stress
control devices, and vertical upsets for pipeline crossings, and
presents results obtained through finite-element modeling. A case
study is presented, in which buckle initiation reliability, stress
mitigation in global lateral buckles, and fatigue due to thermal
cycling and vortex induced vibration (VIV) are analyzed for the
dual sleeper configuration. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
VISCOUS CRUDE OIL 1,003,637
EFFECTS OF HIGH OIL VISCOSITY ON DRIFT VELOCITY
FOR HORIZONTAL PIPES
B.Gokcal, A.S.Al-Sarkhi and C.Sarica (Tulsa Univ). 6TH BHR
GROUP MULTIPHASE TECHNOLOGY NORTH AMERICAN
CONFERENCE (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) PROCEEDINGS
July 25, 2009

pp.207-214, 2008. (ISBN 1-85598-097-6; Also available on CD-ROM;
9 refs)
In this paper, a mechanistic model is developed to evaluate drift
velocity for high viscosity oils in horizontal pipes. The model is
based on mass and energy balance equations which are solved
explicitly. An experimental program has been carried out using a
50.8-mm (2-in.) inner diameter indoor flow loop. The experimental
results are used to validate the proposed model. The model could be
easily implemented into translational velocity equation. It improves
the existing two-phase flow models in the development and
maintenance of heavy oil fields.
................................................................
ALT FUELS & ENERGY SOURCES
GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR 1,003,638
A FAST AND RELIABLE METHODOLOGY
ESTIMATING FRACTURED RESERVOIR GEOMETRY
FROM TRACER TEST
U.Aslam and M.Sheraz (Stavanger Univ). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119120;
Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; Over 10 refs)
This paper presents a method for determining storage capacity
and relative flow for fractured geothermal reservoirs. The tracer
effluent history at any given production well is used in an Excel
spreadsheet application to estimate relative flow vs. storage
capacity. The method transforms tracer effluent data into data
useful in plotting F-C diagrams. Such diagrams can be used semi-
quantitatively: X% of flow comes from Y% of pore volume. Open
flow boundaries do not change the accuracy of the method. The
single drawback to the method is that no information regarding the
spatial distribution of the fractured network is preserved. The
presented method works equally well in open and closed reservoirs.
This method provides a good understanding of the fractured
network connecting injection and extraction points. Embedded in
the definition of flow capacity and storage capacity is the fracture
area, Ai. Given independent estimates of fracture (or rubble zone)
length and porosity, we can estimate an average fracture area. This
may allow the estimation of specific surface area for heat transfer.
This technique can also be applied to a real tracer test in
geothermal fields. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
GRINDING 1,003,639
MULTIPLE ROLL CRUSHER
V.Raaz and D.Papajewski. U.S. 2009/0,020,637A1, p. 1/22/2009,
f. 1/11/2007 (Appl. 162,813), pr. Ger. 2/3/2006 (Appl. 06,005,017)
and World 1/11/2007 (Appl. 0,700,188) (B02C-0015/00). (14 pp)
A multiple roll crusher is provided for crushing of mineral
material, more particularly of coal or oil sand. The multiple roll
crusher includes at least three crusher rolls, the rotation axes of
which lie parallel to each other and horizontal or roughly
horizontal. All directly neighboring crusher rolls have opposite
directions of rotation. A connecting line of the rotation axes has at
least one kink.
................................................................
HYDROGEN 1,003,640
[R] GLOBAL POSSIBILITIES OF FUTURE METHANE AND
HYDROGEN ECONOMIES
R.F.Aguilera and R.Aguilera (Vienna Univ; Calgary Univ).
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY v.61, no.6,
pp.34,36-39, June 2009. (ISSN 0149-2136; Over 10 refs) SRLA#
979,565
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #979,565]
................................................................
TAR SAND OIL RECOVERY 1,003,641
[R] SEPARATION OF TAILINGS THAT INCLUDE
ASPHALTENES
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
PIPELINING, SHIP & STORAGE
W.P.C.Duyvesteyn. U.S. 2008/0,156,702A1, p. 7/3/2008, f.
1/8/2008 (Appl. 971,046), pr. U.S. 3/7/2006 (Appl. 371,327) and U.S.
11/21/2007 (Appl. 60/989,595) (C10G-0001/04). (15 pp) SRPA#
951,476
[For abstract and indexing, see Abstract #951,476]
................................................................
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ALASKA 1,003,642
SPECIAL REPORT: ARCTIC DRILLING AND PRODUCTION
- ALASKAN TAX REFORM: INTENT MET WITH OIL: PT.1
D.E.Dickinson and D.A.Wood. OIL & GAS JOURNAL v.107,
no.20, pp.20-22,24-26, 5/25/2009. (ISSN 0030-1388; 4 refs)
The two-part series takes a detailed look at a crucial element of
Alaskan production: taxes. In 2006 and 2007, the State of Alaska
FOR undertook fundamental reforms to its oil and gas production tax,
making it much more progressive. Among the goals of these
reforms, two were key. One was to capture more value for the state
at higher energy prices. As the legislature was debating the reforms
in 2006, prices for Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude for the first
time crossed the $40/bbl barrier. An equal or more important goal
was to improve the environment for attracting investments needed
to slow or reverse the decline in the state’s oil production. Forecast
to average 701,000 b/d in the current state fiscal year of 2009,
production had exceeded 2 million b/d in the late 1980s. This article
shows that the 2006-2007 production tax reforms were
phenomenally successful for the state. Alaska collected several
billion dollars in additional oil production tax revenue as prices for
ANS crude peaked above $140/bbl in the summer of 2008. The
state’s take from the tax hike was almost 500% higher than it
would have been without the reforms. However, as oil production
declines from supergiant Prudhoe Bay field, the focus in the state
has turned toward Alaska’s immense reserves of unexploited
natural gas. If sufficient investment can be attracted to build a
pipeline to transport gas from the North Slope to market, a feature
of the state’s production tax may limit performance under high oil
prices similar to the 2008 spike. This series identifies additional
concerns about how some of the investment incentives might work
if a new pipeline to export gas is added to the mix.
................................................................
BUSINESS MODEL 1,003,643
THE DIGITAL ASSET: CONNECTING PEOPLE,
TECHNOLOGY, AND PROCESSES IN A COLLABORATIVE
ENVIRONMENT
J.Grable, B.Sanstrom and G.Wylie (Halliburton Energy Service).
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122508; Available on
CD-ROM; 16 pp; 5 refs)
The industry has begun to accept change due to their desired
demand for improved efficiencies. These efficiencies include
integrating the workforce (both service and operating groups),
improving quality and efficiency of workflows, and improving the
technologies that are feeding into the Digital Asset(TM) service.
Such technologies are better formation evaluation measurements,
better geological models, and faster reservoir simulators, better
able to integrate production data for comparison to the geological
models. Connecting people and improving technology and
workflows allow the right decisions to be made at the right time
while spending the least amount of effort. This paper will discuss
the challenge of doing more with less, exploiting more difficult
reserves while lowering costs, increasing profits while reducing
risk, and speeding up work processes while cutting non-productive
time. The answers lie within a series of steps towards cultural
change: utilizing real-time collaborative environments allowing
simple workflow methodologies to be applied and feeding improved
measurements into improved models while continuous optimization
occurs while simultaneously actual operations occur. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
83
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
BUSINESS MODEL 1,003,644
COMBINING VALUE-BASED COMPUTER FUNCTIONALITY
AND AN ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE APPROACH TO
DELIVER A USEFUL SOLUTION TO USERS: THE CASE OF
OPERATING PROCEDURES ON ALASKA’S NORTH SLOPE
P.Floyd (RWD Technologies). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-122757; Available on CD-ROM; 10 pp; Over 10 refs)
This paper is a case study describing a recently completed,
successful information management project on the oilfields of the
north slope of Alaska. The project goals were to increase
environmental and safety performance, through addressing the
barriers associated with procedure compliance and usage. This was
to be enabled in part by leveraging the benefits from recent
advances in computer technology, as well as a number of other
change levers. The barriers and issues centered around procedure
quality, search, retrieval, control and use. The project included a
new IT application, associated data management, new workflows
and processes, revised roles, skills and behaviors, and associated
culture change in a challenging and complex operational setting.
The case study provides details of the project from initial business
requirements, scope and solution development, through to pilot and
implementation. The project exceeded expectations in terms of
project goals achieved and high satisfaction across the range of
project stakeholders. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
BUSINESS MODEL 1,003,645
THE E&P BALANCED SCORECARD: BECOMING A
STRATEGY FOCUSED OPCO DRIVEN BY PERFORMANCE
S.Kadam and C.Fonseca (Tata Consultancy Services). SPE
DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122769; Available on CD-ROM; 13
pp)
This Middle East oil and gas company explores, develops and
produces hydrocarbons. It strongly believes that a strategy-focused
performance management approach would enhance its capabilities
of producing hydrocarbons in the most economical way and
maximizing ultimate recovery from reservoirs. The company
launched an e-Performance initiative to communicate and execute
strategy and to create a Line of Sight both top down and bottom up
and enhance horizontal alignment and integration. We designed
and developed the performance management system through
balanced scorecards. A series of workshops were conducted for the
functions/divisions by a group of consultants consisting of experts
in oil and gas and performance management; strategic objectives,
measures and targets were captured and the score cards were
programmed in Excel with traffic signals. Initially, the key
performance indicators were captured in Excel workbooks. The next
step was to automate the process of data collection and aggregation
before presenting it for performance management. Several
applications were reviewed for the purpose. Key performance
measures were defined by the production operations, gas division,
HSE function, new development, the support services of HR,
finance, IT, medical and the corporate functions of supply chain,
planning, legal, and other departments. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,646
USING INTEGRATED OPERATIONS CENTERS
K.Landgren, J.P.Lhote and J.C.Vernus (Schlumberger). SPE
DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122920; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp;
5 refs)
Oil and gas companies increasingly require environments that
support real-time exploration and production (E&P) business
processes, where field information, applications, and experts can be
linked with operational managers and decision makers so daily
operational parameters can be viewed and decisions executed.
Most companies believe that making decisions in real time while
leveraging global resources and infrastructure will help to improve
their field productivity while reducing costs. Project team members
are often collocated to ensure open communication and planning.
However, since E&P activities often take place in remote and
84 Petroleum Abstracts
hostile parts of the world, global operations with dispersed
personnel frequently require such operations support centers to be
virtualized. Reliable and secure information flow is central to
ensuring success in the contemporary oil field. A previous paper
outlined the significant challenges of process, networking, security,
hardware, and software infrastructure encountered in creating and
supporting these integrated operations centers. Another paper
reported on some of the progress in meeting these challenges, with
particular focus on the actual applications that support oilfield
operations. This paper focuses on challenges and solutions
encountered in actually using such integrated operations centers,
with particular emphasis on people issues, including change
management, training, and collaboration. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,647
WHAT LESSONS CAN DIGITAL OILFIELD
PRACTITIONERS LEARN FROM DEFENCE INITIATIVES
SUCH AS NETWORK ENABLED CAPABILITY?
M.Popham and T.Edwards (BAE Systems; Stepchange Global).
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123096; Available on
CD-ROM; 9 pp; Over 10 refs)
Digital oilfield of the future (DOFF) practitioners have a major
opportunity to learn from the defence sector. By looking at the
evolution of network enabled capability (NEC) and by adopting
some of the approaches successfully used there, they could
accelerate the implementation of DOFF, saving CAPEX and
increasing benefits in the process. Additionally, NEC can offer
DOFF practitioners guidance on what their initiatives might aspire
to provide in the long term, giving proof that effective collaborative
working can become the norm rather than the exception. NEC is a
transformation program for the UK Armed Forces that enhances
military effectiveness through improved, collaborative decision
making. Similar programs exist in other defence communities (e.g.,
network centric operations in the U.S.) We have identified clear
similarities between NEC and DOFF programs. This paper
explores these similarities and the extent to which lessons learned
from the defence world can be applied to DOFF. The findings will
help companies who have DOFF programs to overcome many of the
implementation issues that they face today more quickly and at
lower cost. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,648
E&P OPERATIONAL INNOVATION WITH REAL-TIME
COLLABORATION AND EXCEPTION MANAGEMENT
M.A.Al-Hamad and C.S.Vettical (Saudi Aramco; Perfomix Inc).
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123197; Available on
CD-ROM; 10 pp; 8 refs)
The use of real-time collaboration and exception management
solutions can help you optimally leverage the investments made on
real-time operation centers (RTOC) and data management systems
and maximize utilization of scattered experts and resources to
handle more critical situations from anywhere and anytime. These
solutions leveraging modern web 2.0 technologies will help you
optimize the overall exploration and drilling operations by reducing
rig downtime, mitigating risk, improving asset utilization,
maximizing reservoir contact and increasing economic production.
This paper discusses the prerequisites, implementation
considerations, lessons learned and benefits of real-time
collaboration and alert management systems and the opportunities
such systems offer to bring operational innovation into the
exploration and production (E&P) community and to find effective
ways to address the new age energy industry challenges. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,649
EVOLUTION OF COLLABORATIVE WORK
ENVIRONMENTS - ARE WE READY FOR IT?
K.Gryskiewicz and R.Knoppe (Science Applicat Int Corp; Shell
Int Explor & Prod). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE
July 25, 2009
 BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
(Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123202; diminish the opportunities for their own areas of responsibility.
Available on CD-ROM; 8 pp) Secondly, change programs must be followed up by regular
With continued growing demand for energy foreseen in the intervention of leaders to ensure that the desired behaviour is
future, the exploration and production (E&P) industry has to face, sustained. This paper discusses experience from projects in Africa,
and will continue to face, significant challenge as it moves toward Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, sharing examples of
delivering these energy needs. These challenges include growing measurable integration-oriented objectives as implemented in these
global demand, declining mature fields, and entry into remote, projects. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
harsh, undeveloped and geopolitically-challenging environments ................................................................
requiring teams to minimize travel and collaborate across
disciplines (reservoir engineering, production, maintenance) more CANADA 1,003,652
efficiently. To meet these challenges, the industry is reshaping its
CANADA’S UNCONVENTIONAL REVOLUTION
way of working, adopting collaborative operating models and smart
W.J.Simpson. PETROLEUM ECONOMIST v.75, no.1, pp.12,14,
technologies. This movement is designed to ensure that the reduced
Jan. 2008. (ISSN 0306-395X)
workforce and work processes are effectively utilized in
With oil and gas reserves in decline, the industry must turn to
combination with the existing and future tools to ensure improved
unconventional resources if it is to meet forecast demand. Non-
capability for efficiently managing its assets. The primary solution
upgraded bitumen and synthetic crude from the oil sands will carry
for addressing these challenges, and enabling this collaborative
the heaviest burden in terms of offsetting the decline in
operating model, is the deployment of collaborative work
conventional crude production and are projected to cover 86% of
environments. At the moment, most collaborative work
Canada’s total output by 2015. Enhanced oil recovery will also play
environments and their concurrent collaboration models are set up
an important role if a viable means can be developed to use carbon
locally. This paper reflects the state of collaborative work
dioxide for rebuilding reservoir pressures. Meanwhile, coal-bed
environments today and explores the future role of collaborative
methane (CBM), tight-gas and shale-gas deposits are the best
work environments (CWE), outlining how the CWE solution must
immediate resources to limit the decline in conventional gas
evolve to address key challenges over the horizon and enable a new
volumes. The large investments made so far in the oil sands is an
global and virtual collaboration model. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
indicator of the changing nature of Canada’s oil industry. Since
................................................................
1998, according to Raymond James & Associates, an investment
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,650 consultancy, companies have spent C$16 bn ($16 bn) acquiring 18
bn barrels of proved and probable resources, with global
SUBSURFACE SUPPORT CENTRE: A HUB FOR players--notably Total, StatoilHydro and Marathon--taking
COMMUNICATION OF KNOWLEDGE advantage of decisions by start-up companies to sell assets after
S.Lowen, B.E.Nygard, S.Ostensen and T.Lund (StatoilHydro). delineating resources, drilling core holes and building projects.
SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, ................................................................
4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123218; Available on
CD-ROM; 8 pp; 8 refs) DATABASE 1,003,653
Based in Stavanger, Norway, StatoilHydro Subsurface Support
EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE: INSTANTLY SEARCHABLE
Centre (SSC), provides support to the drilling and well operations
J.Hoffmann (Occidental Elk Hills Inc). SPE DIGITAL
in the company. The SSC is a hub for communication of knowledge
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
between professional networks and the operational assets. The
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122471; Available on CD-ROM; 4 pp;
team work closely on drilling and well operational issues together
2 refs)
with the operational assets within the company and contributes to
The online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, has proven the value of the
experience transfer across the organisation. This gives the SSC
world community contributing to an instantly searchable world
team a unique opportunity to evaluate experiences and share the
knowledge base. The same technology can be applied to the
knowledge obtained. Everyday, 40-50 drilling and well operations
company community: each individual sharing strategic tips directly
are ongoing and the SSC is involved both in the planning and
related to company interests that are then instantly searchable.
operational phases of these operations. Real-time and memory
Each employee can share--using Microsoft Sharepoint Wiki
data from all ongoing drilling and well operations in the company
Pages--those unique hints, tips, tricks, and knowledge that they feel
are available for the SSC team and are used both for monitoring of
could be of the highest value to other employees: how-to’s and
critical operations as well as for statistical and operational analyses
shortcuts in company software packages, learnings from pilot
to improve long-term quality of the operations. The technical
projects (successful or not), links to fantastic resources, etc. On
collaboration systems in the SSC are suitable to manage
October 15, 2008, Occidental of Elk Hills, Inc., just recently started
collaboration, independent of different office and installation
a rollout of Wiki page use at its Elk Hills, California, properties.
locations in the company. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
Employees are already talking about time-savers they have learned
................................................................
and applied. Time is money. Knowledge is power. (Copyright 2009
BUSINESS OPERATION 1,003,651 SPE)
................................................................
INTEGRATION IS ABOUT PEOPLE
R.Lameda and F.van den Berg (SAIC; Shell). SPE DIGITAL NATURAL GAS 1,003,654
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
HOLISTIC APPROACH FOR REGIONAL DEPLETION PLAN
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123352; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp)
SUPPORTING GAS SUPPLY IN THE NILE DELTA OF
Shell E&P operates a Smart Fields implementation program
EGYPT
that integrates roles, activities and technology around key oil
M.S.M.Hussien (BP Egypt). 16TH SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL &
production business processes. One of the biggest challenges has
GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009] (Bahrain,
been to follow up implementation of technology and processes with
3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119607; Available on
sustained change of people behaviour. The program has found a
CD-ROM; 8 pp; Over 10 refs)
practical change management approach that achieves sustained
This paper shows a practical example in the direction of
integration that sticks beyond the lifetime of a specific
building holistic regional depletion plan by applying fully holistic
implementation project. Successful integrated teams are typically
and fully probabilistic modeling at the cost of the classic precision
built on good leadership, clear goals, clear accountability, a sense of
modeling that tends to include more physics. To achieve more
shared responsibility, and a no-blame culture. Experience with
realistic results, a decision and risk analysis (D&RA) approach,
integration programs around people, process, and technology
together with a holistic strategy (based on the Nobel Prize winning
suggest that two critical success factors are often overlooked. First,
portfolio theory that has shaped the financial markets over the past
oil companies need to develop measurable integration-oriented
four decades and recently introduced to E&P), is applied instead of
objectives. A typical example is integrated production system
the conventional deterministic method and the "hole-istic" strategy
optimisation vs. optimising individual wells. Team members must
that may lead to suboptimal solutions. Assets in the Nile Delta of
be rewarded for realizing system opportunities even if those

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 85

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
Egypt were chosen to apply more modern modeling techniques by
using less model precision for more comprehensive modeling of
uncertainties and more integrated technical and business modeling.
Full probabilistic methods that closely integrate technical and
commercial data and tie that to the decision-making process are
used to preserve more relevant information. This allowed the
pertinent uncertainties to be exploited better and risks to be
quantified when compared to the traditional deterministic methods.
Optimization was carried out within the whole value chain at
different hierarchical levels instead of optimizing parts separately
that may destroy the whole value chain. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 1,003,655
ATTRACTING TOP STUDENTS TO STUDY PETROLEUM
ENGINEERING: CURTIN UNIVERSITY
L.C.Smith and B.J.Evans (Curtin Univ). 16TH SPE MIDDLE
EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE [MEOS 2009]
(Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-119680;
Available on CD-ROM; 6 pp)
Over the past 20 years, two of the main methods of training
new students in petroleum engineering at Curtin University have
been to provide a Bachelor of Engineering in chemical engineering
with a minor/major in petroleum engineering, or to offer a Masters
in Petroleum Engineering as a conversion course for graduates of
an appropriate science or engineering discipline. When the industry
picks up strongly and there becomes a shortage of skilled
professional engineers, the industry turns to academics, enticing
them with attractive salaries, thereby depleting the stocks of
quality petroleum engineering teachers. Curtin University’s
Department of Petroleum Engineering is no exception. Our first
step, however, was to base the department on high quality research,
so that we were not dependent upon short-term income from
industry. The next step was to change the Masters teaching base to
semester rather than block teaching. This allowed faculty to enter
long-term research contracts and to teach over the full semester
period. Additionally, we extended our Master’s program to two
years in duration to make it more attractive to international
students. The result has been a return to stability and optimism
with faculty and staff who want to educate tomorrow’s engineers.
(Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 1,003,656
STRATEGIES FOR TRAINING DIGITAL PETROLEUM
ENGINEERS
I.Ershaghi, D.Paul and M.Mahdavi (Southern California Univ;
Schlumberger). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE
(Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123896;
Available on CD-ROM; 7 pp; 5 refs)
Meeting current and future worldwide demand for oil and gas
requires continuous improvement in the productivity of reservoirs
and oil and gas operations. Upstream oil and gas operations are
now focusing on the increased use of real-time information
technology to the norm seen in many industries, including
downstream manufacturing operations. Crossbreeding of oilfield
science and culture and information technology is helping to
implement advanced system engineering and optimization
processes to total asset awareness for maximizing the performance
of people and processes. This has opened up opportunities and
requirements for the preparation of a new generation of petroleum
engineers. There is a growing level of interest and curiosity from
practicing petroleum engineers to understand and to potentially
join the evolving professional track of digital petroleum engineers.
This paper brings points of view from the academia, industry and
service companies to describe the opportunities, the industry
strategies, and approaches concerning the human element of
applying digital technology. Strategies are discussed for training
engineering graduates on the concepts and practices that are
making this professional track perhaps the most evolutionary
change in manpower training since the inception of the petroleum
industry. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
86 Petroleum Abstracts
PROFESSIONAL 1,003,657
AWARENESS AND EXPECTATION - GENDER IN THE
WORKPLACE
R.Lau, L.Lau and N.Al Hasani (The Petroleum Institute). 16TH
SPE MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS SHOW AND CONFERENCE
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-119204; Available on CD-ROM; 24 pp; Over 10 refs)
One of the most important legacies of the late President Sheikh
Zayed Al Nahyan left to the people of the UAE was his insistence
that women participate fully and equally in the growth and
prosperity of the UAE. This paper examines the readiness of
students, professors and professionals to accept women in
professional roles in the oil and gas industries in the UAE. Working
at the Petroleum Institute in Abu Dhabi, researchers train both
men and women to become future engineers for the Abu Dhabi
National Oil Company (ADNOC). In this study, future and present
professionals were asked to rate their opinions about working with
women in integrated work places. To solicit these opinions, a survey
of seven questions, with a place for comments, was distributed to
various age groups in various job categories. Distributed in
educational institutions and local petroleum societies, the survey
asked participants to rate their willingness to hire, mentor, work
with, promote, and work for a woman engineer. This paper
concluded that while programs to address the needs and attitudes
of future women engineers are in place or being established,
programs for future male engineers are not. This might be the first
place that women and men should look for parity. (Copyright 2009
SPE)
................................................................
PROJECT ECONOMICS 1,003,658
STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING IN THE DIGITAL OIL
FIELD
B.Jafarizadeh and R.B.Bratvold (Stavanger Univ). SPE
DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123213; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp;
7 refs)
The digital oil field (DOF) has been embraced at the operational
level in the exploration and production industry. The DOF has
initially been applied to tactical and operational decision making,
often with a focus on reducing operational costs. Yet, most DOF
value estimates (e.g., CERA 2006) have indicated that the majority
of the value contribution from the DOF will be through increased
revenues. In the information-rich DOF, the challenge increases
dramatically since the decision makers will have access to
enormous amounts of data which will be provided in a manner close
to real time. The decision makers need to relate the real time data
to uncertainties and future decisions. Real options valuation offers
the possibility of consistently addressing these strategic decisions.
In principle, real option valuation can incorporate any number of
uncertainties and future decision points. However, in practice, only
a few uncertainties and decision points have been considered. In
this paper, we will illustrate how modern real option valuation can
be leveraged to create value from strategic decision making for the
DOF. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
SOFTWARE 1,003,659
COST OPTIMIZATION PROGRAMS IN SOFTWARE ASSET
MANAGEMENT
S.M.Stenseth (Open iT Inc). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY
CONFERENCE (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009.
(SPE-123357; Available on CD-ROM; 5 pp)
With the current uncertainty surrounding the price of oil,
coupled with the global economic downturn, it is imperative that
the oil and gas industry focus on cutting costs and optimizing IT
user and asset efficiency. The industry is looking for innovative
ways to optimize software assets, making sure users have the tools
and services they need in order to maximize productivity and
efficiency, in ways that do not waste time or money. A major
challenge is reducing the amount of time spent on managing
software assets. Software usage reporting and optimization tools
can help achieve large savings within the first six months following
implementation. These tools have a quick payback period with
July 25, 2009

minimal post-implementation effort. A good reporting and
optimization tool provides a global overview of a company’s assets
and how they are used--by location, user-group or cost center--and
can simulate usage by any entity, regardless of how its
infrastructure is configured. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
WELL DATA
CREATING A NEW WORKFLOW FOR INTEGRATION OF
BUSINESS PROCESSES BETWEEN WELL ENGINEERING
AND SUBSURFACE DATA MANAGEMENT
J.Eade (Halliburton). SPE DIGITAL ENERGY CONFERENCE
(Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-123120;
Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp)
The lack of a global, consistent and reliable system for
well/wellbore identification has been a long-standing issue.
Industry professionals believe the heart of the problem is the lack
of consistent definitions and best practices. A major oil company
has devised a solution, based on creating unique well identifiers
(UWI), that helps establish internal consistencies and best
practices across the company’s operating units. The generation of
UWIs leverages the company’s standardized computing
environment for its subsurface data, and extends the computing
environment to encompass engineering workflows and, by
facilitating ties to back-office systems, enables integration with
business processes. The effort to define and devise a comprehensive
solution was managed as an upstream business improvement
initiative to address the following key issues, and as such, was
widely accepted and supported within the company. This
presentation will describe the resulting workflow whereby data
from the well engineering database flows to the subsurface
corporate well database and from there onward to project databases
once drilling begins. A workflow example explains how geoscientists
can receive updates of trajectory data on-demand, thereby
eliminating data re-entry and ensuring data correlation between
the well engineering database and the project database. (Copyright
2009 SPE)
................................................................
WORKFLOW
THE FULLY INTEGRATED WORKFLOW:
INTEGRATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES WITH PEOPLE
AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
B.J.Crockett (Science Applicat Int Corp). SPE DIGITAL
ENERGY CONFERENCE (Houston, TX,
PROCEEDINGS 2009. (SPE-122070; Available on CD-ROM; 6 pp)
Many business cases for embracing technological improvements
around Smart Fields(R), oilfield of the future, or E-well have been
centered on software deployment. Great promises often fail to
deliver because they have not fully taken into consideration the
interaction of the people using them or the processes needed to
enable them. The provision of a fully integrated workflow not only
describes the flow of data but the process steps required to utilize
that data and the personnel needed to facilitate its use. This paper
examines what happens when the value loop of physical assets,
data gathering, models and decision making is closed and to
identify the ways an integrated workflow brings together people,
processes, and technology to maximize the benefits provided by the
digital oilfield. (Copyright 2009 SPE)
................................................................
HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRON
CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION
ROLE OF ADSORPTION AND SWELLING ON THE
DYNAMIC OF GAS INJECTION IN COAL
R.Pini, S.Ottiger, L.Burlini, G.Storti and M.Mazzoti (ETH
Zurich). JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH v.114, no.B4,
4/4/2009. (ISSN 0148-0227; Citation no.B04203; 14 pp; Over 10
refs)
An experimental technique is presented to perform gas
injection experiments on coal cores confined by an external
July 25, 2009
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
hydrostatic pressure, which makes use of the so-called transient
step method. The experiments are intended to improve the
knowledge on the different mechanisms acting during CO2 storage
in coal seams, in particular, those related to permeability. Helium,
nitrogen, and carbon dioxide have been injected at pressures
ranging from 10 to 80 bars and at confining pressures varying
between 60 and 140 bars. The experiments with helium have been
1,003,660 used to study the mechanical compliance of the coal core, whereas
those with the adsorbing N2 and CO2 to study the effects of
adsorption and swelling on the flow dynamics. The obtained
experimental transient steps were successfully described using a
mathematical model, consisting of mass balances accounting for gas
flow and adsorption, and mechanical constitutive equations for the
description of porosity and permeability changes during injection. A
semi-empirical relationship between permeability and operating
pressures is validated, and the corresponding parameters have
been evaluated. Results showed increase in permeability with
decreasing effective pressure on the sample and, when an
adsorbing gas was injected, a reduction in permeability caused by
swelling, with CO2 having a stronger effect compared to N2.
................................................................
DESALINATION 1,003,663
MEMBRANE-BASED DESALINATION PROCESS TREATS
STEAMFLOODING PRODUCED WATER
C.Webb, L.Nagghappan, G.Smart, J.Hoblitzell and R.Franks
(Chevron North America E&P; Veolia Water; Hydranautics).
WORLD OIL v.230, no.6, pp.53,55-58, June 2009. (ISSN 0043-8790;
4 refs)
San Ardo field in California produced heavy oil via
steamflooding. The process typically results in the production of 10
or more barrels of water for every barrel of oil recovered.
Historically, a portion of this water has been recycled and softened
to provide water for steam generation, with the remainder going to
local EPA class II injection wells for disposal. However, the
injection zone capacity is limited, which has constrained full field
development. In 2007, a desalination facility was commissioned to
allow a portion of the produced water to be treated and discharged
to the shallow freshwater aquifer, thereby allowing field
1,003,661 development to progress. The treatment system consists of deoiling
followed by a proprietary treatment train incorporating
THE
degasification, chemical and ion exchange softening, multimedia
and cartridge filtration, double-pass reverse osmosis, pH
neutralization and partial remineralization. The treatment
produced high-quality water suitable for aquifer recharge with low
4/7-8/2009)
waste volumes.
................................................................
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 1,003,664
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE OIL
HYDROCARBON PLATFORMS ON MARINE BIRDS AND
MAMMALS
F.K.Wiese and W.A.Montevecchi (Newfoundland Memorial
Univ). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SS6; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 1,003,665
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC
CONTAMINANTS IN AN ARCTIC MARINE FOOD WEB
B.C.Kelly (Simon Fraser Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2005;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
1,003,662 v.68, no.2, p.860-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; ISBN
978-0-494-23899-8; Order no.DANR23899; 416 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATN SYST 1,003,666
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)-BASED
ASSISTANT DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM FOR RISK
MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATION
Petroleum Abstracts 87
HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRON
M.G.Zhang, J.C.Jiang and X.H.Pan (Nanjing Univ Technology).
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY (TIANRANQI GONGYE) v.27, no.7,
pp.17a-18a,115-117, 7/25/2007. (ISSN 1000-0976; 8 refs; In
Chinese)
[Full article and English abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
MAMMAL 1,003,667
COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF ARYL HYDROCARBON
RECEPTOR STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND EVOLUTION
IN MARINE MAMMALS
J.M.Lapseritis (Massachusetts Inst Technol). Ph.D. thesis,
2007; DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL,
SECTION B v.68, no.2, pp.808-B - 809-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN
0419-4217; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
NOISE POLLUTION 1,003,668
EFFECTS OF THE SOUNDS FROM AN ARTIFICIAL OIL
PRODUCTION ISLAND ON BOWHEAD WHALE CALLING
BEHAVIOR
S.B.Blackwell, C.R.Greene, Jr., T.L.McDonald, R.M.Nielson,
C.S.Nations, W.J.Richardson and B.Streever (Greenridge Sciences
Inc; WEST Inc; BP Exploration Alaska Inc). 154TH ACOUSTICAL
SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING (New Orleans, LA,
11/27/2007-12/1/2007) ABSTRACTS; THE JOURNAL OF THE
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA v.122, no.5, pt.2,
pp.3058-3059, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 0001-4966; Paper no.4aNS7;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SEQUESTRATION 1,003,669
THE LIABILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE
M.A.de Figueiredo (Massachusetts Inst Technol). Ph.D. thesis,
2007; DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL,
SECTION B v.68, no.2, p.1147-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217;
Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
SEQUESTRATION 1,003,670
GEOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF
CO2-EOR GEOLOGICAL STORAGE PROJECTS
J.A.Jimenez Gomez (Alberta Univ). Ph.D. thesis, 2006;
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL, SECTION B
v.68, no.2, pp.1151-B - 1152-B, Aug. 2007. (ISSN 0419-4217; ISBN
978-0-494-23049-7; Order no.DANR23049; 295 pp; Abstract only)
[Abstract available from T.U.]
................................................................
WASTE DISPOSAL 1,003,671
FINAL DISPOSAL OF THE WASTES ASSOCIATED WITH
THE OIL SPILL OF THE TANKER PRESTIGE THROUGH
ITS STABILIZATION WITH QUICKLIME AND GRANITE
FINES
D.Carro, J.Delgado, A.Vazquez, V.Barrientos and R.Juncosa
(Coruna Univ). SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION v.17,
no.4, pp.393-410, July-Aug. 2008. (ISSN 1532-0383; Over 10 refs)
The sinking of the tanker Prestige produced a large oil spill that
affected the shores of Spain, Portugal and France. Cleaning
operations were performed on the sea and the coasts, and the waste
recovered was a melange of fuel, water and a variety of debris.
Waste mass balances show that while the total amount of recovered
fuel is close to the amount spilled by the vessel, the total amount of
waste is about four times that quantity. In the present study, we
have focused on the stabilization of the raw oily wastes of the
Prestige’s oil spill using quicklime and granite sawdust, which is an
inert waste of the local dimension stone industry. Given appropriate
proportions of quicklime and sawdust, stabilization is feasible and
provides a better performance than using only quicklime. Leaching
tests indicate that the stabilized mixtures can be considered a non-
88 Petroleum Abstracts
dangerous waste, although high quicklime contents may enhance
the leachability of given components (Ba, Cr, SO4) and BTEX. For
the purpose of landfill disposal, sawdust-bearing stabilized
mixtures have an acceptable geotechnical behavior and no evidence
has been found suggesting the eventual destabilization of the
mixtures and/or its fluidification/liquation.
................................................................
WATER POLLUTION 1,003,672
RECOGNISING GROUNDWATER IMPACTED BY MINE
PROCESS WATER IN THE CANADIAN OIL SAND
INDUSTRY
K.Baker, J.Barker and K.Baxter (Waterloo Univ; Klohn-Crippen
Consult Ltd). ANNUAL GAC-MAC JOINT MEETING (St. John’s,
Newfoundland, 5/27-30/2001) TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2001.
(Session SS6; Available at http://gac.ca as of 4/28/2009; 1 p;
Abstract only)
[For information only - meeting paper abstract]
................................................................
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
ANODE 1,003,673
TESTING OF CATALYZED TITANIUM ANODES FOR USE IN
SOILS OR NATURAL WATERS
NACE STANDARD TM0108-2008 2008. (ISBN 1-57590-216-8; 8
pp)
This NACE International standard has been prepared to
provide users and manufacturers of cathodic protection (CP) anodes
with a test method for evaluating the anode’s ability to achieve an
expected lifetime. It is applicable for catalyzed titanium anodes
intended for use in underground or underwater environments. This
test is intended to evaluate whether such an anode complies with
required specifications of design life expectancy at rated current
output. This standard is intended for use by consultants, suppliers,
and end users of catalyzed titanium CP anodes.
................................................................
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 1,003,674
APPLYING SOFTWARE RADIO TECHNIQUES TO
UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION
E.Jones (SEA (Group) Ltd). SEA TECHNOLOGY v.49, no.7,
pp.41-42,44, July 2008. (ISSN 0093-3651)
Since 2000, underwater acoustic communication has undergone
somewhat of a renaissance. The main driver behind this increase in
performance has been the adoption and modification of signal
processing techniques from the radio frequency domain to the
underwater acoustic domain. In particular, the development of
acoustic communication based on frequency-shift keying through to
the development of direct-sequence spread spectrum and multiple-
input, multiple-output transducer techniques have led to dramatic
increases in performance. Along with improved performance has
come an increase in the number of applications to which
underwater acoustic communication has been applied. This
includes everything from diver-to-diver communications to control
of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) and remotely operated
vehicles to industrial applications in the oil and gas industry,
including everything from blow-out preventers to mooring-chain
monitoring sensors.
................................................................
EXTERNAL COATING 1,003,675
PREVENTING MECHANICAL DAMAGE MAKES GOOD
"CENTS"
K.Judice, Jr. (Hill Country Consult Inc). MATERIALS
PERFORMANCE v.47, no.8, pp.44-46, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0094-1492)
An excellent coating job can be ruined by mechanical damage
during shipping and installation of the coated piece. Coating
repairs can be time-consuming, expensive, and may yield an
inferior coating job. This article provides precautions to be taken to
minimize coating damage subsequent to initial coating.
................................................................
July 25, 2009

HEAVE COMPENSATOR 1,003,676
METHOD FOR LIFT COMPENSATION
J.O.Dalsmo, J.P.Svennevig and A.Reppen, asrs. (National
Oilwell Norway AS). World 2009/038,468A1, p. 3/26/2009, f.
9/15/2008 (Appl. 0,800,327), pr. Norw. 9/19/2007 (Appl. 20,074,777)
and Norw. 8/20/2008 (Appl. 20,083,596) (B66D-0001/52;
B66C-0013/04; B63B-0027/30). (19 pp)
A method is disclosed for lift compensation of an item which is
connected to a vessel by means of a rope which is coiled around the
rope drum of a lifting device, the lifting device being provided with
a heave compensator, a controller of the heave compensator
controlling the effect of the driving device of the rope drum on the
basis of a heave term and a deviation term, the method comprising
(1) bringing a correction term into the heave compensation when,
because of environmental forces, the force on the rope falls outside
a first limit; and (2) leaving the correction term out when the force
on the rope is within a second limit, the second limit being equal to
or different from the first limit.
................................................................
PILING 1,003,677
P-Y MODEL DESCRIBING INTERACTIONS OF PILES AND
SATURATED DEGRADATION SANDS
J.Wang, Y.Zhou and Y.Qu (Tianjin Univ; China Oilfield Svcs
Ltd). OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE [OTC 09]
(Houston, TX, 5/4-7/2009) PROCEEDINGS 2009. (ISBN
978-1-55563-244-1; OTC-19882; Available on CD-ROM; 9 pp; Over
10 refs)
It is important for offshore platform foundation design to
evaluate the seismic resistance of pile foundations. Residual pore
water pressure will exist in saturated sands under seismic loads.
Saturated strata will degrade if residual pore water pressures in
strata are less than the overburden pressures of strata under
seismic loads. Fifteen model tests were conducted to research
effects of relative densities and residual pore water pressures on p-
y relationships of saturated degradation sands. Results showed
that lateral resistances of strata gradually decreased with the
increase of residual pore water pressures and ultimate lateral
resistances decreased by 80-90% for post-liquefaction strata. Sub-
grade reaction modulus coefficients of saturated degradation strata
were analyzed based on model test results, which showed that they
also decreased with the increase of residual pore water pressures.
Effects of pile-diameter on coefficients were further analyzed.
Results showed that coefficients increased with increase of pile-
diameter when the diameter was less than 0.4 m and approached
constant results suggested in API code when the diameter was
greater than 0.4 m. The formula determining coefficients of
saturated degradation strata using the equivalent strength was
developed. A method determining hyperbola p-y curves of saturated
degradation strata was finally developed. (Copyright 2009 OTC)
................................................................
ROBOT 1,003,678
PROGRAMMING THE MAX5R WITH MICROSOFT
ROBOTICS STUDIO
R.de Souza (Microsoft Robotics). UPSTREAM TECHNOLOGY
v.2, no.11, pp.68-71, Nov. 2007. (ISSN 1258-2244)
Service robotics is rapidly making the transition from the
purview of academic researchers and hobbyists to the commercial
arena. In contrast to industrial robotics, where large machines
move with great accuracy and precision in a pre-defined and fixed
3D space, service robots are usually small devices that move
autonomously or semi-autonomously in the environment, bringing
their service to the place where it is required. Service robots of
different form factors have found wide applicability across domains
such as inspection, surveillance, security, transportation,
exploration, cleaning, etc. Programming these devices to do
meaningful tasks thus requires addressing a different set of
requirements than those associated with conventional applications.
There are no established standards or platforms for this purpose. In
this article, we describe the Mobile Autonomous Explorer (MAX), a
four-wheeled, all-terrain micro-rover built by Senseta. We use the
tools provided by Microsoft Robotics Studio to develop an
application infrastructure for writing programs for the MAX and
July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
use this infrastructure to build and deploy a distributed, services-
oriented application for autonomous control of MAX in the
environment.
................................................................
ROPE 1,003,679
HOW TWIST CAN AFFECT BRAIDED MARINE ROPES
P.Davies and N.O’Hear (French Ocean Research Inst; Tension
Technology Int). SEA TECHNOLOGY v.49, no.7, pp.25-26,28, July
2008. (ISSN 0093-3651; 3 refs)
A wide range of synthetic fiber ropes are used at sea, from
simple hawsers to high-performance deep-sea installation lines.
Many of these are braided constructions, particularly ropes used for
deepwater handling, as braids have the advantage of not rotating
when they are subjected to tension loads. However, in practice, all
ropes will see some twist. This can arise either because the
equipment being handled is not symmetrical or because of
accidental rotation during reeling. The loads applied to ropes may
also be directional, wave or current loads, for example, and these
loads can result in the payload turning. Traditional low-
performance materials, such as nylons and polyesters, are very
tolerant to a small amount of twist and are unlikely to pose a
problem. This is not necessarily the case for high-performance
ropes, which are based on fibers such as high-modulus polyethylene
(HMPE) or aramid. The aims of this study, performed in order to
explain a failure at sea, are to determine to what extent twist
affects high-performance braided rope strength and to develop a
method to predict residual strength of twisted ropes.
................................................................
ULTRASONIC TESTING 1,003,680
S-SCAN COVERAGE WITH PHASED ARRAYS
E.Ginzel and M.Moles (Materials Research Inst; Olympus
NDT). MATERIALS EVALUATION v.66, no.8,
pp.810-813,815-818,820, Aug. 2008. (ISSN 0025-5327; 7 refs)
The article effectively makes the case for phased array
ultrasound for weld testing. This paper describes ray tracing to
show coverage using phased array S-scans for encoded linear scans.
A variety of weld configurations were modeled, from simple butt
welds to double V and complex T-welds, including a variety of
thicknesses. For simple butt welds below 10 mm (0.4 in.), a single
S-scan provided coverage; however, thicker walls and more complex
structures require multiple S-scans. No definitive rules are
possible, as welds vary so much in configuration, though some
guidelines are given. Construction welds in pressure vessels and
other components typically require testing to guarantee structural
integrity. Normally, construction welds are tested to code; however,
codes are, by necessity, well behind technology. While radiography
has been the historical testing method, ultrasonic testing has
become more common in recent decades. In the last few years,
phased arrays have become much more prevalent.
................................................................
89
 Author and Affiliation Index

2H Offshore Inc 1,003,547 Albernaz, J R 1,003,525 Ayyildiz, T 1,003,238

Aachen Technical Univ 1,003,188 Alberta Univ 1,003,175 BAE Systems 1,003,647
Aadnoy, B S 1,003,427 Alberta Univ 1,003,179 Baechle, G T 1,003,330
Aarhus Univ 1,003,186 Alberta Univ 1,003,223 Baechle, G T 1,003,332
Aarhus Univ 1,003,262 Alberta Univ 1,003,280 Baer, D 1,003,399
Abdurrahim, A 1,003,476 Alberta Univ 1,003,367 Bai, G 1,003,108
Abe, K 1,003,163 Alberta Univ 1,003,510 Bai, Q 1,003,636
Abed, A M 1,003,165 Alberta Univ 1,003,551 Bailey, J R 1,003,377
Aberdeen Univ 1,003,183 Alberta Univ 1,003,612 Baja California Auton Univ 1,003,091
Abid, I 1,003,144 Alberta Univ 1,003,670 Bak, K 1,003,203
Abohwo, O 1,003,575 Albrechtsons, E A 1,003,178 Baker Hughes 1,003,411
Aboussalam, Z S 1,003,138 Albrechtsons, E A 1,003,192 Baker Hughes 1,003,466
Abrahamsen, E 1,003,455 Albright, S L 1,003,455 Baker Hughes Centrilift 1,003,508
Abu Dhabi Co Onshore Oper 1,003,326 Aleksieva, G 1,003,534 Baker Hughes Inc 1,003,407
Abu Dhabi Co Onshore Oper 1,003,441 Alexandri, S 1,003,120 Baker Hughes Inc 1,003,414
Abu Dhabi Co Onshore Oper 1,003,560 Alexeenko, A 1,003,449 Baker Hughes Inc 1,003,434
Abu Dhabi Marine Oper Co 1,003,081 Ali, A 1,003,568 Baker Hughes Inc 1,003,460
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co 1,003,081 Ali, C A 1,003,260 Baker Hughes Inc 1,003,461
Abu-Sharkh, B 1,003,592 Ali, S F 1,003,626 Baker Oil Tools 1,003,441
Accenture 1,003,525 Ali, Z A 1,003,564 Baker, K 1,003,672
Achurra, L E 1,003,102 Alkhowaiter, A 1,003,537 Balghoneim, H F 1,003,470
Adabi, M H 1,003,162 Allen, D W 1,003,549 Ballard, M S 1,003,336
Adam Mickiewicz Univ 1,003,204 Almehaideb, R A 1,003,554 Ban, L 1,003,443
Adam, L 1,003,326 Alsop, G I 1,003,195 Bane, D E 1,003,460
Adamek, J 1,003,117 Alvarez, J 1,003,523 Bansal, K M 1,003,629
Adames, P 1,003,630 Alzaga-Ruiz, H 1,003,241 Baranov, V V 1,003,218
ADAMOW JSC 1,003,204 Amaireh, M N 1,003,165 Barbarino, S 1,003,523
Adams, R B 1,003,271 Amin, M 1,003,480 Barcelona Univ 1,003,206
Adelaide Univ 1,003,090 Amin-Rasouli, H 1,003,161 Barclay, D R 1,003,140
Adelaide Univ 1,003,098 Amireh, B S 1,003,165 Barhi, H 1,003,529
Afsari, M 1,003,382 Amiri, A H 1,003,441 Barker, J 1,003,672
Agip-KCO 1,003,286 Amirkabir Univ Technology 1,003,427 Barnes, C 1,003,313
Aguilar-Lopez, R 1,003,505 Amudo, C 1,003,574 Barnes, C R 1,003,240
Aguilera, R 1,003,640 An, Y S 1,003,558 Barnolas, A 1,003,233
Aguilera, R F 1,003,640 Andreis, D 1,003,268 Barr, S R 1,003,234
Aichele, C P 1,003,552 Andreussi, P 1,003,614 Barran, B A 1,003,338
Ainsworth, N R 1,003,174 Andrews, R J 1,003,142 Barrientos, V 1,003,671
Akarish, A I M 1,003,125 Andrino, M H 1,003,633 Bartana, A 1,003,295
Aker Solutions 1,003,528 Angel, Y C 1,003,347 Bartholomew, A J 1,003,122
Al Arfi, S A 1,003,441 Anisimov, L A 1,003,584 Baruah, B 1,003,560
Al Habshi, A R 1,003,081 Ankara Univ 1,003,237 Barzinpour, F 1,003,427
Al Hasani, N 1,003,657 Ankara Univ 1,003,238 Baskin, D K 1,003,142
Al Suwaidi, A S 1,003,081 Annandale, A 1,003,553 Bassim, E A E A 1,003,568
Al Touqi, N 1,003,320 Apex Spectral Technol Inc 1,003,341 Baton, P 1,003,315
Al-Amri, K M 1,003,398 Arabian Oil Co 1,003,568 Batzle, M 1,003,325
Al-Amri, K M 1,003,470 Arai, E 1,003,274 Baud, A 1,003,110
Al-Arnaout, I H 1,003,422 Arai, Y 1,003,601 Baxter, K 1,003,672
Al-Atroshi, K 1,003,287 Arai, Y 1,003,602 Bayer HealthCare 1,003,590
Al-Baggal, Z A 1,003,470 Arai, Y 1,003,603 Bayerl, P S 1,003,403
Al-Bakr, S 1,003,441 Arai, Y 1,003,604 Bazara, M 1,003,571
Al-Balushi, S 1,003,452 Aranezhad, M B 1,003,427 Bazer-Bachi, F 1,003,254
Al-Buali, M H 1,003,422 Archer, S 1,003,184 Bazin, B 1,003,450
Al-Driweesh, S M 1,003,422 Aristegui, C 1,003,347 Bearb, J D 1,003,455
Al-Hamad, M A 1,003,648 Armada Real Inst Observ 1,003,290 Beattie, S 1,003,452
Al-Harbi, O A 1,003,224 Arney, J E 1,003,262 Becker, K M 1,003,335
Al-Hashemi, H 1,003,560 Aronsen, H A 1,003,309 Becker, K M 1,003,336
Al-Iababidi, S 1,003,618 Artman, B 1,003,350 Becker, R T 1,003,138
Al-Kandari, A Y 1,003,287 Arzoumanidis, A 1,003,409 Becker, R T 1,003,170
Al-Kanderi, J M 1,003,287 Asakawa, E 1,003,308 Beicip Franlab 1,003,564
Al-Kharusi, L 1,003,330 Ashida, Y 1,003,213 Beijing Technol Dev Co Ltd 1,003,385
Al-Kindy, F 1,003,320 Ashmore, J W 1,003,453 Belfer, I 1,003,339
Al-Mumen, A A 1,003,470 Aslam, U 1,003,555 Belik, J 1,003,391
Al-Otaibi, N 1,003,537 Aslam, U 1,003,638 Bell, G 1,003,611
Al-Ruwaily, A A 1,003,466 Astin, T R 1,003,225 Belmar, M 1,003,102
Al-Safran, E 1,003,620 Ataei, A 1,003,382 Belousov, V I 1,003,101
Al-Sarkhi, A 1,003,592 Ataei, A 1,003,570 Beltrao, R L C 1,003,539
Al-Sarkhi, A S 1,003,637 Auckland Univ 1,003,630 Benfield, A C 1,003,128
Al-Shehri, A M 1,003,422 Aursjo, O 1,003,468 Bennett, N 1,003,146
Al-Shiwaish, A J A 1,003,566 Austin, J Jr 1,003,298 BenSaad, Z R 1,003,466
Al-Shizawi, W 1,003,452 Averbuch, O 1,003,169 Benton, M J 1,003,110
Al-Thuwaini, J 1,003,449 Avseth, P 1,003,306 Bergen Univ 1,003,306
Al-Yaari, M 1,003,592 Awasthi, A 1,003,515 Bergen Univ 1,003,321
Alagappa Univ 1,003,424 Ayyildiz, T 1,003,237 Bergman, L D 1,003,146

90 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 Author and Affiliation Index

Berkovitch, A 1,003,339 Bressan, G S 1,003,088 Calif Univ, Berkeley 1,003,362

Berlin Freie Univ 1,003,288 Brett, C E 1,003,086 Calif Univ, Los Angeles 1,003,083
Bern Univ 1,003,362 Brett, C E 1,003,122 Calif Univ, Santa Cruz 1,003,345
Bertrand, R 1,003,207 Breukelman, W A 1,003,283 California Inst Technol 1,003,211
Bespalov, A N 1,003,414 Breviere, J 1,003,399 Calzadilla, M 1,003,154
Best, M M R 1,003,240 Brevik, I 1,003,307 Cambridge Univ 1,003,131
Bhattacharjee, S 1,003,551 Brevik, I 1,003,323 Cambridge Univ 1,003,315
Biancotto, F 1,003,226 Brewer, T S 1,003,115 Camerini, C S 1,003,530
Biberg, D 1,003,594 Brewer, T S 1,003,234 Cameron 1,003,546
Bibikova, E V 1,003,222 Brice, D 1,003,180 Campbell, T 1,003,605
Bidgood, M 1,003,143 Bridgwood, P 1,003,597 Campinas State Univ 1,003,633
Biggin, A J 1,003,280 Bridgwood, P 1,003,598 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,082
Birdwell, J C 1,003,455 Briggs, S E 1,003,300 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,097
Bishop, D S 1,003,433 Brill, J P 1,003,486 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,121
BJ Services Co 1,003,431 Bristol Univ 1,003,110 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,147
BJ Services Co 1,003,457 Britannia Operator Ltd 1,003,184 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,179
Bjorlykke, K 1,003,193 British Columbia Univ 1,003,267 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,187
Bjorlykke, K 1,003,323 British Columbia Univ 1,003,596 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,190
Blackwell, S B 1,003,668 British Geological Survey 1,003,128 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,207
Blake, K L 1,003,119 Broadway, G 1,003,524 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,209
Blanc-Valleron, M M 1,003,116 Brock Univ 1,003,199 Canada Geological Survey 1,003,210
Blanc-Valleron, M M 1,003,133 Brock Univ 1,003,262 Cao, X 1,003,385
Blankenship, C 1,003,547 Broda, J 1,003,201 Cao, X W 1,003,493
Blin, V 1,003,254 Brooks, R T 1,003,469 Cao, X W 1,003,494
Bloor, R 1,003,314 Brown, J 1,003,448 Cao, Y 1,003,536
Bloor, R I 1,003,270 Brown, J F 1,003,225 Cardace, D M 1,003,253
Bo, Y 1,003,627 Brown, L 1,003,378 Cardiff Univ 1,003,202
Bockwinkel, J 1,003,138 Bruhn, C H L 1,003,094 Cardiff Univ 1,003,300
Bodwadkar, S 1,003,572 Brunei Shell Petroleum 1,003,098 Carey, W M 1,003,366
Bogdanova, S V 1,003,222 Brunel Oilfield Serv Ltd 1,003,430 Cariglino, B 1,003,243
Bojesen-Koefoed, J 1,003,151 Brunner, M 1,003,545 Carleton Univ 1,003,190
Bojesen-Koefoed, J A 1,003,150 Brunner, M 1,003,636 Carnegie Inst Washington 1,003,255
Bojesen-Koefoed, J A 1,003,266 Brutz, J M 1,003,522 Carrera, J 1,003,233
Bologna Univ 1,003,246 Bryant, I 1,003,146 Carro, D 1,003,671
Bondarenko, G E 1,003,219 Bubik, M 1,003,277 Carroll, P E 1,003,271
Boned, C 1,003,497 Bucharest Univ 1,003,152 Cartwright, J 1,003,300
Bonizzi, M 1,003,614 Buckingham, M J 1,003,140 Caruso, A 1,003,116
Bonnet, S 1,003,226 Buckingham, M J 1,003,353 Casas, J M 1,003,206
Boone, S 1,003,381 Budak, P 1,003,507 Case Western Reserve Univ 1,003,261
Booth Consulting 1,003,373 Buenos Aires Univ 1,003,088 Cassidy, M 1,003,531
Booth, J E 1,003,373 Bui, Q T 1,003,616 Catalan, M 1,003,290
Bordeaux Univ 1,003,347 Bulgarian Academy Sciences 1,003,551 Catalonia Technical Univ 1,003,233
Bornemann GmbH 1,003,535 Bura Mining Co 1,003,166 Cattell, A 1,003,548
Bornemann Pumps 1,003,534 Burgan, A M 1,003,260 Cavender, T W 1,003,576
Boston Univ 1,003,366 Burgos, R 1,003,586 Cavender, T W 1,003,578
Bottjer, D J 1,003,099 Burke, R 1,003,544 CB&I Lummus BV 1,003,506
Bottjer, D J 1,003,110 Burkhard, A W 1,003,396 Cech, S 1,003,118
Bourgogne Univ 1,003,134 Burlini, L 1,003,662 Central Arkansas Univ 1,003,124
Bourque, P A 1,003,207 Burn, A 1,003,405 Central Electrochem Inst 1,003,424
Bourque, P A 1,003,210 Burnette, B 1,003,457 Central Metallurgical Inst 1,003,480
Bousquet, J 1,003,488 Burns, D M 1,003,244 Centre Natl Rech Sci (Fr) 1,003,354
Bowie, A G 1,003,628 Burullus Gas Co 1,003,480 CEREGE 1,003,290
Bowling, J S 1,003,426 Buschaert, S 1,003,254 Cergy Pontoise Univ 1,003,313
Bowring, S A 1,003,167 Bustin, R M 1,003,267 CGG Veritas 1,003,361
Boyd, A 1,003,330 Buyakaite, M I 1,003,219 Cha, Y H 1,003,292
BP 1,003,379 BVR International Ltd 1,003,174 Chakiri, S 1,003,169
BP 1,003,403 Bybee, K 1,003,432 Chalmers, J A 1,003,150
BP America 1,003,520 Bybee, K 1,003,440 Chalmers, J A 1,003,151
BP America Production Co 1,003,477 Bybee, K 1,003,445 Chan, R 1,003,611
BP Chemicals Ltd 1,003,489 Bybee, K 1,003,451 Chang, Y 1,003,563
BP Chemicals Ltd 1,003,490 Bybee, K 1,003,464 Chang, Y C 1,003,146
BP Egypt 1,003,654 Bybee, K 1,003,465 Chapman, W G 1,003,552
BP Exploration 1,003,378 Caccialupi, A 1,003,409 Charara, M 1,003,313
BP Exploration & Prod 1,003,618 CACT 1,003,387 Chase, S 1,003,428
BP Exploration Alaska Inc 1,003,477 Cadi Ayyad Univ 1,003,168 Chatterji, J 1,003,439
BP Exploration Alaska Inc 1,003,668 Cadi Ayyad Univ 1,003,169 Chavez, A E 1,003,550
BP Exploration Oper Co Ltd 1,003,513 Cai, D 1,003,265 Chen, G 1,003,314
Bratvold, R B 1,003,658 Cairo Univ 1,003,418 Chen, G 1,003,326
Braun, J 1,003,226 Cairo Univ 1,003,512 Chen, G 1,003,329
Bray, D E 1,003,633 Caleap, M 1,003,347 Chen, H 1,003,511
Bremen Univ 1,003,100 Calgary Univ 1,003,177 Chen, J H 1,003,547
Brennan, W E III 1,003,409 Calgary Univ 1,003,630 Chen, L 1,003,249
Brescia Univ 1,003,595 Calgary Univ 1,003,640 Chen, L 1,003,493

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 91

 Author and Affiliation Index

Chen, L 1,003,494 CICESE 1,003,091 Curtis, W 1,003,389

Chen, M 1,003,108 Cincinnati Univ 1,003,086 Czarnecki, J 1,003,551
Chen, Y G 1,003,135 Cincinnati Univ 1,003,122 Czech Academy Sciences 1,003,118
Chen, Z 1,003,249 Cincinnati Univ 1,003,261 Czech Geological Survey 1,003,117
Chen, Z H 1,003,111 CINVESTAV-IPN 1,003,505 Czech Geological Survey 1,003,118
Chen, Z Y 1,003,567 Cizek, M 1,003,635 Czech Geological Survey 1,003,277
Cheng, L 1,003,563 Clapham, M E 1,003,172 Czopek, J J 1,003,610
Cheng, Z 1,003,387 Clapham, M E 1,003,173 D’Agosto, C 1,003,286
Chengdu Univ Technology 1,003,279 Clark, K W 1,003,433 Dahlgren, S 1,003,395
Chevron 1,003,401 Claude Bernard Lyon I Univ 1,003,347 Dahlmann, A 1,003,120
Chevron 1,003,543 Clauer, N 1,003,264 Dalhoff, F 1,003,150
Chevron 1,003,544 Clauss, G 1,003,606 Dalhousie Univ 1,003,262
Chevron 1,003,546 Clayton, E A 1,003,131 Dalrymple, R W 1,003,172
Chevron 1,003,548 CNOOC China Ltd 1,003,360 Dalsmo, J O 1,003,676
Chevron 1,003,619 CNOOC Ltd 1,003,265 Daly, J S 1,003,181
Chevron Australia Pty Ltd 1,003,574 CNOOC Research Center 1,003,360 Dam, G 1,003,151
Chevron Canada Resources 1,003,148 CNRS-ULP 1,003,264 Damit, A R 1,003,098
Chevron Energy Technol Co 1,003,358 Coe, A L 1,003,127 Danielson, T J 1,003,616
Chevron Energy Technol Co 1,003,521 Coelho, D 1,003,254 Danielson, T J 1,003,629
Chevron Energy Technol Co 1,003,538 Cohen, C E 1,003,450 Dansereau, P 1,003,207
Chevron Energy Technol Co 1,003,545 Coimbra Univ 1,003,205 Dante, R C 1,003,550
Chevron Energy Technol Co 1,003,547 Collett, T S 1,003,281 Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd 1,003,443
Chevron North America E&P 1,003,521 Collins, M D 1,003,346 Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd 1,003,557
Chevron North America E&P 1,003,663 Collis, J M 1,003,366 Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd 1,003,559
Chevron Res & Technol Co 1,003,142 Colomar, F M 1,003,564 Daqing Petroleum Inst 1,003,559
Chi, G 1,003,207 Colorado Sch Mines 1,003,305 Darlak, B 1,003,565
Chicago Univ 1,003,092 Colorado Sch Mines 1,003,325 Dau, N T 1,003,266
Chikenji, A 1,003,410 Colorado Sch Mines 1,003,326 Dauteuil, O 1,003,226
Childs, C 1,003,185 Colorado Univ, Boulder 1,003,135 Davies, P 1,003,679
Chile Univ 1,003,102 Comenius Univ 1,003,264 Davies, R J 1,003,300
China Coalbed Methane Co 1,003,475 Comm Energie Atom (France) 1,003,254 de Almeida, R P 1,003,096
China Earthquake Admin 1,003,109 Condessa, D S 1,003,483 de Campos Porto, E 1,003,471
China Nat Oil Gas Corp 1,003,360 Condliffe, D 1,003,141 de Figueiredo, M A 1,003,669
China National Petrol Corp 1,003,369 Conglio, M 1,003,097 de Lange, G 1,003,120
China National Petrol Corp 1,003,556 CONICET 1,003,088 De Leebeeck, A 1,003,617
China National Petrol Corp 1,003,627 Connelly, M 1,003,635 De Medeiros, C J Jr 1,003,471
China Oilfield Svcs Ltd 1,003,677 ConocoPhillips Co 1,003,302 de Oliveira, S A 1,003,525
China Univ Geosci, Beijing 1,003,109 ConocoPhillips Co 1,003,616 De Ros, L F 1,003,094
China Univ Geosci, Wuhan 1,003,105 ConocoPhillips Co 1,003,629 de Sousa, P S 1,003,525
China Univ Geosci, Wuhan 1,003,110 Conrad, P 1,003,496 de Souza, R 1,003,678
China Univ Geosci, Wuhan 1,003,413 Consejo Super Invest Cient 1,003,233 de Voogd, B 1,003,316
China Univ Mining Technol 1,003,104 Contreras, C 1,003,572 Deady, A 1,003,378
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,106 Conway, R 1,003,553 Deady, A 1,003,403
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,108 Coon, R J 1,003,437 DeGrange, J M 1,003,330
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,112 Cooper, I 1,003,586 Degtyarev, K E 1,003,166
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,249 Cope, G 1,003,392 Dekkers, M J 1,003,280
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,250 Copenhagen Geology Museum 1,003,151 DeLack, K 1,003,545
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,386 Copenhagen Univ 1,003,152 Delft Hydraulics 1,003,615
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,443 Copping, S 1,003,553 Delft Hydraulics 1,003,619
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,495 Cordoba, D 1,003,154 Delft Univ Technol 1,003,318
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,558 Corley, B H 1,003,407 Delft Univ Technol 1,003,403
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,563 Coruna Univ 1,003,671 Delft Univ Technol 1,003,621
China Univ Petroleum 1,003,583 Corus Tubes Ltd 1,003,635 Delgado, J 1,003,671
Chinese Academy Sciences 1,003,108 Cotilla, M O 1,003,154 Delius, H 1,003,234
Chinese Academy Sciences 1,003,109 Coxall, H K 1,003,202 Dellecase, E 1,003,511
Chinese Academy Sciences 1,003,245 Crabb, P 1,003,239 Delong, I D 1,003,178
Chinese Academy Sciences 1,003,349 Cracow Pedagogical Univ 1,003,203 Delong, I D 1,003,194
Chinese Academy Sciences 1,003,360 Cramer, R 1,003,518 Den Norske Stats Oljese AS 1,003,400
Chiquin, M 1,003,153 Cramer, R 1,003,519 Deng, L 1,003,279
Chisholm, J I 1,003,128 Cranfield Univ 1,003,536 Denmark Greenland Geol Sur 1,003,149
Chiu, C H 1,003,538 Cranfield Univ 1,003,618 Denmark Greenland Geol Sur 1,003,150
Chiu, S K 1,003,302 Cranfield Univ 1,003,626 Denmark Greenland Geol Sur 1,003,151
Chiyoda Corp 1,003,502 Crawford, D L 1,003,412 Denmark Greenland Geol Sur 1,003,266
Chongqing Univ Sci Technol 1,003,627 Crichton, M 1,003,403 Denmark Tech Univ 1,003,332
Chow, N 1,003,082 Critchley, C 1,003,378 Denmark Tech Univ 1,003,599
Christensen, B 1,003,298 Crockett, B J 1,003,661 Denney, D 1,003,372
Christian Albrechts Univ 1,003,255 CSIRO Petroleum 1,003,305 Denney, D 1,003,463
Christian, C F 1,003,466 CSU, Long Beach 1,003,087 Denney, D 1,003,485
Christiansen, F G 1,003,150 Curial, A 1,003,133 Denney, D 1,003,487
Christiansen, F G 1,003,151 Curtin Univ 1,003,333 Denney, D 1,003,561
Chu, D 1,003,326 Curtin Univ 1,003,655 Denney, D 1,003,582
Chungnam National Univ 1,003,289 Curtin Univ Technology 1,003,305 Derby Univ 1,003,129
Cibin, P 1,003,286 Curtin Univ Technology 1,003,446 Derenzi, D 1,003,525

92 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 Author and Affiliation Index

Desa, M 1,003,284 El-Sayed, S S 1,003,418 Fipke, S R 1,003,578

Desantis, M K 1,003,086 Elasmar, M 1,003,441 Fisher, Q 1,003,141
Descostes, M 1,003,254 Elhaddad, F 1,003,476 FitzGerald, K 1,003,201
Deshmukh, A S 1,003,578 Elias-Herrera, M 1,003,153 Flaum, M 1,003,552
Dettmer, J 1,003,356 Elicki, O 1,003,164 Flekkoy, E G 1,003,468
Deutsch, K 1,003,176 Ellis, B 1,003,381 Flesja, N 1,003,309
Devon Energy 1,003,322 Elshawesh, F 1,003,476 Flint, S 1,003,143
Dewhurst, D 1,003,305 Elsherif, T A 1,003,516 Florida Atlantic Univ 1,003,352
Dezhou Petr Drill Res Inst 1,003,383 Eltron Research Inc 1,003,474 Florida State Univ 1,003,228
Dhoorjaty, P 1,003,622 Emad, M 1,003,449 Florida State Univ 1,003,257
Di Lullo, A 1,003,614 Emam, M 1,003,568 Florida State Univ 1,003,262
Diaz, F 1,003,523 Emmons, C W 1,003,302 Florida Univ 1,003,248
Dickens, G R 1,003,119 Enachescu, M E 1,003,089 Floyd, P 1,003,644
Dickinson, D E 1,003,642 Englebert, P 1,003,608 Fogel, M L 1,003,255
Dickson, J A D 1,003,131 Englezos, P 1,003,596 Fonseca, C 1,003,645
Ding, D 1,003,450 Eni E&P 1,003,286 Foote, M 1,003,092
Ding, Z L 1,003,369 Eni E&P 1,003,309 Forschungsinst Senckenberg 1,003,168
Dingle, H R C 1,003,634 Eni E&P 1,003,595 Forschungszentrum Juelich 1,003,137
Dingwall, K 1,003,310 Eni E&P 1,003,614 Fowler, M 1,003,207
Dinis, P 1,003,205 Ensyte Energy Software Int 1,003,514 Fowler, M G 1,003,147
Dinske, C 1,003,288 Eotvos Lorand Geophys Inst 1,003,277 Fowler, M G 1,003,187
Dokuz Eylul Univ 1,003,237 Erickson, D 1,003,622 Fragoso-Cesar, A R S 1,003,096
Dolan, M 1,003,519 Eriksson, K 1,003,528 Frank, T J 1,003,437
Domagal-Goldman, S D 1,003,247 Ershaghi, I 1,003,656 Franks, R 1,003,663
Dominion Explor & Prod Inc 1,003,198 ETH Zurich 1,003,662 Freeman, R 1,003,635
Don E Bray Inc 1,003,633 Evans, B J 1,003,333 Freeman, T A 1,003,426
DONG E&P 1,003,151 Evans, B J 1,003,655 Freiberg Univ 1,003,164
Dong, Z X 1,003,113 Evans, M E 1,003,280 French Ocean Research Inst 1,003,679
Donovan, S K 1,003,239 Evdokimov, I N 1,003,503 French, J B 1,003,283
Dorffer, D F 1,003,412 Exerowa, D 1,003,551 Freyer, R 1,003,438
Dosso, S E 1,003,356 Exmar Marine NV 1,003,608 Frohne, C 1,003,606
Dow Global Technol Inc 1,003,472 Expro 1,003,553 Fu, B 1,003,245
Downey, W S 1,003,262 ExxonMobil Development Co 1,003,377 Fu, Q 1,003,107
Draege, A 1,003,306 ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co 1,003,142 Fugzan, M M 1,003,222
Dresden State Museum 1,003,136 ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co 1,003,326 Fukuba, T 1,003,631
Drever, C 1,003,517 ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co 1,003,329 Gakushuin Univ 1,003,259
Dromart, G 1,003,133 ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co 1,003,330 Gallagher, A J 1,003,269
Du, Y J 1,003,493 ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co 1,003,377 Gallagher, K 1,003,226
Du, Y J 1,003,494 ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co 1,003,504 Galliero, G 1,003,497
Dublin Univ Coll 1,003,152 Eyles, N 1,003,139 Galuskina, I O 1,003,219
Dublin Univ Coll 1,003,181 Ezhova, A V 1,003,217 Gamez, D 1,003,233
Dublin Univ Coll 1,003,185 Fabricius, I L 1,003,332 Gano, J C 1,003,426
Duchaine, Y 1,003,132 Fagundes Netto, J R 1,003,539 Gao, H 1,003,349
Dumas, D 1,003,133 Fairhurst, C P 1,003,618 Gao, J 1,003,573
Dupriest, F E 1,003,377 Falkenberg, J 1,003,272 Gao, L 1,003,375
Durham Univ 1,003,300 Fan, H 1,003,475 Garrett, S 1,003,184
Durkee, E F 1,003,200 Fan, Z J 1,003,420 Gaucher, E 1,003,287
Dutta, T 1,003,276 Fang, X 1,003,245 Gaudin, C 1,003,634
Duyvesteyn, W P C 1,003,641 Fanti, F 1,003,246 Gaz de France 1,003,188
Dvorkin, J 1,003,304 Farmer, P 1,003,293 Geco Technology BV 1,003,303
E F Durkee & Assocs Inc 1,003,200 Farquhar, J 1,003,247 Geco Technology BV 1,003,311
Eade, J 1,003,660 Fathy, G 1,003,480 Gedex Inc 1,003,283
Earthworks LLC 1,003,286 Fattah, K A 1,003,512 Geffroy, E 1,003,550
East China Univ 1,003,493 Fawzy, T 1,003,581 Gehling, J G 1,003,123
East China Univ 1,003,494 Fay, N P 1,003,242 Gehling, J G 1,003,172
Ebara International Corp 1,003,591 Fedonkin, M A 1,003,220 Gehling, J G 1,003,173
Ebbighausen, V 1,003,138 Fedotova, A A 1,003,222 Geiser, P A 1,003,569
Eberli, G P 1,003,330 Fehn, U 1,003,259 Geisler-Cussey, D 1,003,133
Eberli, G P 1,003,332 Feineman, D R 1,003,520 GeoForschungsZentr Potsdam 1,003,137
Ebert, H D 1,003,212 Feng, J 1,003,563 Geologie Quebec 1,003,121
Ecole Navale (France) 1,003,363 Feng, L 1,003,624 Geologischer Dienst NRW 1,003,137
Edison Welding Inst 1,003,632 Feng, Q 1,003,110 Geomage 2003 Ltd 1,003,339
Edme, P 1,003,343 Ferdelman, T G 1,003,163 Geomarine Research 1,003,227
Edwards, T 1,003,647 Fernandez, O 1,003,206 GeoPressure Technology 1,003,098
Eguren, R 1,003,477 Ferrero, J R S 1,003,456 Geoservices Equipements 1,003,399
Ekpe, J 1,003,449 Festen, L J F M 1,003,506 Geospace Technologies LP 1,003,271
El A’mma, B J 1,003,453 Fetter, M 1,003,094 Geoware Ltd 1,003,340
El A’mma, B J 1,003,454 Fetter, M 1,003,095 Germanese, J 1,003,542
El Albani, A 1,003,169 Feyijimi, T 1,003,184 GETECH Inc 1,003,182
El Hassani, A 1,003,170 Fidler, E S 1,003,541 GETECH Ltd 1,003,182
El-Banbi, A H 1,003,512 Finn, L D 1,003,526 Ghafoori, M R 1,003,382
El-Barbary, A Y 1,003,441 Finn, L D 1,003,527 Ghasemi-Nejad, E 1,003,199
El-Batahgy, A 1,003,480 Finney, S C 1,003,087 Ghomashi, M 1,003,161

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 93

 Author and Affiliation Index

Gibson, A 1,003,560 Hale, J 1,003,200 Hickey, C J 1,003,337

Gibson, N 1,003,378 Hall, D R 1,003,395 Hill Country Consult Inc 1,003,675
Gillespie, A 1,003,528 Hallaman, J M 1,003,271 Hill, F 1,003,461
Ginter, G 1,003,585 Halliburton 1,003,444 Hill, M L 1,003,146
Ginzel, E 1,003,680 Halliburton 1,003,448 Hillis, R R 1,003,098
Gleitman, D D 1,003,576 Halliburton 1,003,515 Himeno, S 1,003,491
Gleitman, D D 1,003,577 Halliburton 1,003,660 Hirasaki, G J 1,003,552
Globe Inst Physique 1,003,313 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,375 Hiroshima Univ 1,003,163
Globe Inst Physique 1,003,315 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,412 Hiroshima, T 1,003,285
Globe Inst Physique 1,003,343 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,426 Hisamune, N 1,003,602
Glowacka, E 1,003,091 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,439 Hisamune, N 1,003,603
GNS Science 1,003,135 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,562 Hisamune, N 1,003,604
Goff, J 1,003,298 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,576 HMC 1,003,548
Goh, K C 1,003,519 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,577 Hoblitzell, J 1,003,663
Gokcal, B 1,003,637 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,578 Hodder, M 1,003,531
Gold, R 1,003,414 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,579 Hodgkinson, D 1,003,632
Goldszal, A 1,003,617 Halliburton Energy Service 1,003,643 Hoehne, J 1,003,214
Goldszal, A 1,003,629 Hallstrom, S 1,003,176 Hoffmann, J 1,003,653
Golla, C 1,003,375 Hamada, M 1,003,631 Hoffmeister, H 1,003,498
Golovin, D I 1,003,219 Hamann, N E 1,003,151 Hofland, R 1,003,529
Golubev, N 1,003,268 Han, J L 1,003,623 Hogg, J R 1,003,089
Gomez, C T 1,003,304 Hanafy, K M 1,003,516 Hogg, J R 1,003,194
Gong, B 1,003,314 Hancock, H J L 1,003,119 Holland, C W 1,003,356
Gong, W 1,003,573 Hanes, R E Jr 1,003,439 Holland, C W 1,003,363
Gormly, J R 1,003,142 Hannover Univ 1,003,258 Hollingsworth, J L 1,003,455
Goshko, E Yu 1,003,334 Hannover Univ 1,003,534 Holm-Denoma, C S 1,003,228
Gosselet, A 1,003,315 Hao, C 1,003,559 Holmas, H 1,003,594
Goudar, C T 1,003,590 Harris, J M 1,003,317 Holmden, C E 1,003,263
Gould, S R 1,003,183 Hart, P E 1,003,351 Homann, J 1,003,606
Grable, J 1,003,643 Hartkopf-Froeder, C 1,003,137 Hompoth, D 1,003,484
Graf, T 1,003,574 Hartley, B 1,003,333 Homstvedt, G 1,003,528
Graham, R A 1,003,374 Hartmann, H 1,003,615 Hong, S 1,003,109
Grahn, Y 1,003,093 Harvard Univ 1,003,130 Honty, M 1,003,264
Granada Univ 1,003,203 Harvey, P K 1,003,115 Hoog, S 1,003,606
Grassi, B 1,003,595 Harvey, P K 1,003,234 Hooyman, P J 1,003,442
Green, C M 1,003,182 Hatcher, R D Jr 1,003,084 Horner-Johnson, B C 1,003,262
Greene, C R Jr 1,003,668 Haughom, P O 1,003,400 Horton Technologies LLC 1,003,526
Greenridge Sciences Inc 1,003,668 Haughton, P D W 1,003,181 Horton Technologies LLC 1,003,527
Grenfell, H R 1,003,227 Haworth, M 1,003,152 Houston Univ 1,003,348
Grenut, B 1,003,254 Hayashi, T 1,003,274 Howard, W 1,003,337
Grevemeyer, I 1,003,100 Hayes, B J R 1,003,145 Hoyer, C W J 1,003,374
Griffin, P 1,003,544 Hayes, M W 1,003,455 Hradecka, L 1,003,118
Griffin, P 1,003,548 Hayward, B W 1,003,227 Hu, Q S 1,003,104
Griffin, W L 1,003,251 Head, M J 1,003,199 Hu, W 1,003,252
Gryskiewicz, K 1,003,649 Headwave Inc 1,003,338 Huang, B 1,003,265
Guangzhou Inst Geochem 1,003,111 Heer, B 1,003,453 Huang, P Y 1,003,458
Guangzhou Inst Geochem 1,003,265 Heer, B 1,003,454 Huang, T 1,003,361
Gubkin St Univ Oil & Gas 1,003,503 Heeschen, K 1,003,120 Huang, W J 1,003,235
Guerra, E 1,003,484 Heidbach, O 1,003,214 Huang, Z 1,003,611
Guerra, E 1,003,517 Heidelberg Academy Science 1,003,214 Huddersfield Univ 1,003,408
Guillocheau, F 1,003,226 Heijnen, M 1,003,467 Hudson, J D 1,003,473
Guillon, L 1,003,363 Heinr, J 1,003,535 Huelva Univ 1,003,232
Guiraud, M 1,003,134 Heinsbroek, A G T J 1,003,615 Huff, W D 1,003,261
Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co 1,003,516 Hellenic Centre Marine Res 1,003,120 Huhn, R 1,003,606
Guo, M 1,003,559 Helmut Schmidt Univ 1,003,498 Humboldt Univ 1,003,231
Guo, P 1,003,567 Helvaci, C 1,003,237 Hummel, N 1,003,299
Guo, T L 1,003,105 Henan Univ Technology 1,003,103 Huo, H 1,003,249
Guo, Y 1,003,249 Henning, D L 1,003,549 Husky Energy 1,003,176
Gurevich, B 1,003,305 Henriet, J P 1,003,163 Husky Oil Operations Ltd 1,003,089
Guzofski, C A 1,003,130 Henriques, C C D 1,003,539 Hussien, M S M 1,003,654
GX Technology 1,003,293 Herdeiro, M A N 1,003,525 Hydranautics 1,003,663
Haandrikman, G 1,003,542 Heriot Watt Univ 1,003,581 Ibi, O 1,003,320
Hacker, J M 1,003,504 Hermanssen, D 1,003,185 IBM T J Watson Res Ctr 1,003,146
Hadlari, T 1,003,190 Hernandez-Suarez, R 1,003,505 Ibn Tofail Univ 1,003,169
Hagadorn, J W 1,003,211 Hess Corp 1,003,297 Ibrahim, H D 1,003,452
Hagen, D L 1,003,585 Hesse, R 1,003,144 Illinois State Geol Survey 1,003,161
Haggas, S L 1,003,115 Hesselbo, S P 1,003,152 Illinois Univ, Carbondale 1,003,102
Haggas, S L 1,003,234 Hey, C 1,003,546 IMPaC Offshore Engineering 1,003,606
Haghshenas, A 1,003,382 Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co 1,003,142 Indiana Univ, Bloomington 1,003,109
Hajri, M 1,003,529 Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co Ltd 1,003,143 Indiana Univ, Bloomington 1,003,156
Hakimzadeh, S 1,003,159 Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co Ltd 1,003,174 Inglis, R 1,003,611
Haldan, M M 1,003,280 Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Co Ltd 1,003,175 Innanen, K A 1,003,348
Haldar, S 1,003,422 Hibernia Mgmt & Dev Corp 1,003,141 Innomar Technologie GmbH 1,003,357

94 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 Author and Affiliation Index

Inonu Univ 1,003,237 Jones, D 1,003,293 Klohn-Crippen Consult Ltd 1,003,672

Inoue, H 1,003,502 Jones, D A 1,003,416 Kloppisch, M 1,003,137
INRS-Georessources 1,003,132 Jones, E 1,003,674 Klupa, A 1,003,610
INRS-Georessources 1,003,209 Jones, H 1,003,548 Knipe, R J 1,003,141
INRS-Georessources 1,003,210 Jordan Univ 1,003,165 Knoppe, R 1,003,649
Inst Energy Technol Norway 1,003,594 Jordan, G J 1,003,243 Kobayashi, K 1,003,604
Inst Francais du Petrole 1,003,241 Jorstad, A 1,003,306 Koch, H 1,003,606
Inst Francais du Petrole 1,003,450 Juandi, D 1,003,568 Koger, W C 1,003,397
Inst Gebirgsmechanik GmbH 1,003,362 Judice, K Jr 1,003,675 Kolodziej, E J 1,003,538
Inst Mecanique Fluides 1,003,450 Juncosa, R 1,003,671 Kondo, K 1,003,602
Inst Mexicano Petroleo 1,003,241 Jung, W Y 1,003,346 Kondo, K 1,003,603
Inst Mexicano Petroleo 1,003,505 Juniata Coll 1,003,197 Kondo, K 1,003,604
Inst Superieur Agriculture 1,003,180 Junior, J G S 1,003,483 Kongsberg Intellifield 1,003,378
INTRAGAZ 1,003,132 Kabir, A H 1,003,446 KONIN JSC 1,003,204
Ioakim, C 1,003,120 Kadam, S 1,003,645 Kopf, A 1,003,100
ION Geophysical Corp 1,003,270 Kadri, U 1,003,621 Korea National Oil Co 1,003,257
ION Geophysical Corp 1,003,273 Kaiser, S I 1,003,170 Koren, Z 1,003,295
ION GX Technology 1,003,314 Kakizaki, Y 1,003,163 Korstgard, J A 1,003,186
Ioup, G E 1,003,364 Kalb, F D 1,003,459 Kosloff, D 1,003,295
Ioup, J W 1,003,364 Kamber, B S 1,003,258 Kosmala, A 1,003,572
Ip, M W 1,003,273 Kamo, T 1,003,631 Kotov, A B 1,003,166
Iran Geological Survey 1,003,160 Kang, Y S 1,003,112 Kouba, G 1,003,619
Iran Petrol Univ Technol 1,003,446 Kang, Y S 1,003,495 Kowalska-Wlodarczyk, M 1,003,565
Iran Univ Sci & Technology 1,003,427 Kaniappan, A 1,003,411 Kozula, R 1,003,204
Irmen, A 1,003,188 Kano, A 1,003,163 Krejci, O 1,003,277
Isakson, M J 1,003,327 Karayaka, M 1,003,547 Krissoff, J 1,003,355
Isfahan Univ 1,003,159 Karlsruhe Univ 1,003,214 Kristiansen, O E 1,003,309
Ishihara, T 1,003,290 Karlsruhe Univ 1,003,299 Kriwet, J 1,003,231
Ishikawa, T 1,003,163 Karunakaran, D 1,003,532 Kroll, D E 1,003,433
Ishman, S E 1,003,102 Kasting, J F 1,003,247 Krueger, A J 1,003,338
Itskovich, G B 1,003,414 Katahara, K 1,003,322 Kuila, U 1,003,305
Ivakin, A 1,003,354 Katayama, H 1,003,274 Kukla, P A 1,003,188
Ivantsov, A Y 1,003,220 Katna, Z 1,003,429 Kuleli, H S 1,003,320
J P Kenny 1,003,611 Kaul, N 1,003,100 Kumar, R 1,003,596
Jachna-Filipczuk, G 1,003,204 Kaupert, K A 1,003,591 Kurdistan Univ 1,003,161
Jafarizadeh, B 1,003,658 Kawagata, S 1,003,227 Kusel, E T 1,003,346
Jagiellonian Univ 1,003,203 Kawagoe, N 1,003,163 Kuttel, B 1,003,381
Jahren, J 1,003,193 Kay, A G 1,003,273 Kuwait Oil Co 1,003,287
Jahren, J 1,003,323 Kay, M 1,003,141 Kuwait Univ 1,003,620
James Cook Univ 1,003,119 Kean Univ 1,003,171 Kyoto Univ 1,003,213
James, N P 1,003,189 Keating, P 1,003,121 Kyrghyz Geophys Expedition 1,003,101
Janikian, L 1,003,096 Kebangsaan Malaysia Univ 1,003,260 Kyser, T K 1,003,189
Jansen, U 1,003,168 Kelkar & Associates Inc 1,003,560 Labails, C 1,003,359
Januszczak, N 1,003,139 Kelly, B C 1,003,665 Lacassie, J P 1,003,102
Japan Geological Survey 1,003,285 Kemp, D B 1,003,127 Lacy, R 1,003,542
Japan Oil Gas & Metal Corp 1,003,215 Keppie, J D 1,003,114 LaFargue, R 1,003,431
Japan Oil Gas & Metal Corp 1,003,274 Keppie, J D 1,003,153 Lage, A C V M 1,003,539
Jaques, P 1,003,340 Kern, H 1,003,362 Lai, J B 1,003,623
JASCO Research Ltd 1,003,365 Keshavarz, N 1,003,333 Lai, X 1,003,110
Jellison, M J 1,003,402 Keshka, A A S 1,003,441 Lameda, R 1,003,651
Jenkins, R J F 1,003,090 Khalil, S M 1,003,126 Lamontagne, M 1,003,121
Jensen, L 1,003,599 Khan, K D 1,003,223 Landgren, K 1,003,646
JGI Inc 1,003,308 Khan, M M 1,003,224 Langereis, C G 1,003,280
Ji, J 1,003,294 Khanlarov, R 1,003,449 Lao, L 1,003,536
Ji, Y L 1,003,107 Kheradmand, A 1,003,161 Lapseritis, J M 1,003,667
Jiang, F J 1,003,106 Khordoo, M 1,003,570 Larionov, A N 1,003,222
Jiang, J C 1,003,666 Khosravanian, R 1,003,427 Larrey, D 1,003,540
Jiang, S 1,003,251 Khristov, K 1,003,551 Lasemi, Y 1,003,161
Jiang, T 1,003,552 Kiel Univ 1,003,362 Lau, L 1,003,657
Jiang, Y W 1,003,567 Kietzmann, D A 1,003,088 Lau, R 1,003,657
Jiang, Z X 1,003,106 Kikkawa, Y 1,003,502 Lauche, K 1,003,403
Jimenez Gomez, J A 1,003,670 Kilyakov, V N 1,003,584 Laurentian Univ 1,003,258
Jin, L 1,003,291 Kim, W 1,003,236 Lausanne Geology Museum 1,003,110
Jin, S 1,003,345 Kim, Y C 1,003,294 Laux, H 1,003,629
Jin, Z 1,003,252 King Abdulaziz Sci Technol 1,003,224 Lauzon, S 1,003,524
Johansen, S T 1,003,629 King Fahd Univ 1,003,592 Laval Univ 1,003,210
Johansen, T A 1,003,306 King Saud Univ 1,003,512 Lavoie, D 1,003,207
Johansen, T A 1,003,321 King, B J 1,003,439 Lavoie, D 1,003,209
Johnson, A L A 1,003,129 King, K L 1,003,439 Lavoie, D 1,003,210
Johnson, G 1,003,594 Kirillova, G L 1,003,216 Lavorante, L P 1,003,212
Johnson, G W 1,003,617 Kirkwood, D 1,003,207 Lawrence Berkeley Lab 1,003,468
Johnson, M H 1,003,434 Kirnozova, T I 1,003,222 Lazar, O R 1,003,156
Johnston, D T 1,003,247 Kitami Inst Technology 1,003,259 Lazauskiene, J 1,003,225

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 95

 Author and Affiliation Index

Lazreq, N 1,003,168 Liu, W 1,003,556 Mandhari, M 1,003,529

Lazreq, N 1,003,169 Liu, X 1,003,556 Manfield, P 1,003,542
Le Maux, T 1,003,564 Liu, X S 1,003,383 Manitoba Univ 1,003,082
Le Roux, J P 1,003,102 Liu, Y J 1,003,368 Mann, U 1,003,137
Leatherbarrow, R W 1,003,148 Liu, Y R 1,003,107 Manzocchi, T 1,003,185
Leavy, D 1,003,132 Liverpool Univ 1,003,143 Marathon Oil UK 1,003,553
Ledoux, M J 1,003,488 Livingston, M C 1,003,538 Marcio Castilho Santos, J 1,003,530
Lee, D 1,003,442 LNG Technology Pty Ltd 1,003,597 Marconato, A 1,003,096
Lee, D 1,003,532 LNG Technology Pty Ltd 1,003,598 Marcussen, C 1,003,150
Lee, J 1,003,389 Lobo, F J 1,003,233 Marcussen, O 1,003,193
Lee, L 1,003,549 Lohbeck, W C M 1,003,437 Marcusso, J L 1,003,533
Lee, M W 1,003,281 Longbottom, J R 1,003,426 Marfani, U 1,003,394
Leeds Univ 1,003,141 Longfield, C 1,003,409 Margarone, M 1,003,595
Legrande-Blain, M 1,003,180 Lopez, J 1,003,448 Margarone, M 1,003,614
Leguta, A 1,003,221 Lopez, M 1,003,241 Mark-Kurik, E 1,003,225
Lehr, D J 1,003,462 Lopez-Martinez, N 1,003,231 Marquardt, C 1,003,102
Leibniz Inst Marine Sci 1,003,100 Los Alamos National Lab 1,003,288 Marshall, J E A 1,003,225
Leicester Univ 1,003,115 Los Alamos National Lab 1,003,340 Martens, U 1,003,153
Leicester Univ 1,003,234 Losev, A P 1,003,503 Martin, J B 1,003,248
Leicht, F M 1,003,455 Louisiana Univ, Lafayette 1,003,364 Martinez, R 1,003,421
Leighton, T G 1,003,344 Lowe, J 1,003,379 Marton, E 1,003,277
Lemieux, Y 1,003,209 Lowen, S 1,003,650 Maryland Univ, Coll Park 1,003,247
Leo, J B P M 1,003,506 Lowrie, A 1,003,356 Masino, J 1,003,375
Leveille, J 1,003,297 Lozada, M A 1,003,523 Masliyah, J 1,003,551
Levin, S A 1,003,562 Lozev, M G 1,003,632 Masoudi, R 1,003,382
Levy, R 1,003,453 Lu, H Y 1,003,279 Masoudi, R 1,003,570
Levy, R 1,003,454 Lu, L Z 1,003,368 Massachusetts Inst Technol 1,003,167
Lewerenz, J 1,003,534 Lu, Z 1,003,259 Massachusetts Inst Technol 1,003,320
Lewis, D N 1,003,239 Lucas, G 1,003,408 Massachusetts Inst Technol 1,003,667
Lhote, J P 1,003,646 Luchitskaya, M V 1,003,166 Massachusetts Inst Technol 1,003,669
Li, B 1,003,443 Lucknow Univ 1,003,157 Massam, J 1,003,405
Li, C Q 1,003,113 Lugo, J 1,003,515 Massey Univ 1,003,227
Li, C S 1,003,146 LUKOIL 1,003,584 Masuda, K 1,003,274
Li, C Y 1,003,573 LUKOIL Saudi Arabia Ltd 1,003,449 Masuku Univ Sci & Tech 1,003,134
Li, G 1,003,384 Lund Univ 1,003,222 Materials Research Inst 1,003,680
Li, J L 1,003,376 Lund, T 1,003,650 Matlock, W 1,003,389
Li, J L 1,003,388 Lundin (Norway) 1,003,306 Matlock, W 1,003,405
Li, K H 1,003,583 Luo, M 1,003,345 Matsumoto, R 1,003,259
Li, M H 1,003,376 Luo, R 1,003,563 Mavko, G 1,003,276
Li, N Y 1,003,423 Luo, X 1,003,108 Mavko, G 1,003,304
Li, Q 1,003,443 Lusk, C H 1,003,243 Mavko, G 1,003,324
Li, S 1,003,249 Lykousis, V 1,003,120 Mavko, G 1,003,331
Li, W J 1,003,423 M-I LLC 1,003,389 May, A 1,003,230
Li, X 1,003,265 M-I LLC 1,003,396 Mayo, L 1,003,176
Li, X 1,003,556 M-I LLC 1,003,405 Mazurek, M 1,003,362
Li, X F 1,003,583 Ma, X 1,003,108 Mazurek, S 1,003,204
Li, X P 1,003,301 Ma, Y 1,003,360 Mazzoti, M 1,003,662
Li, Y 1,003,249 Ma, Y 1,003,420 Mbina Mounguengui, M 1,003,134
Li, Y 1,003,587 MacGillivray, A 1,003,365 McAllister, E 1,003,141
Li, Y B 1,003,583 MacGregor, L 1,003,268 McCarthy, F M G 1,003,262
Li, Y J 1,003,384 Mackay, E 1,003,581 McClay, K R 1,003,126
Li, Z 1,003,294 Mackie, R 1,003,311 McCormick, D 1,003,146
Liang, Y 1,003,369 Macleod, I 1,003,425 McCoy, R 1,003,508
Liang, Y 1,003,443 MacPherson, J D 1,003,461 McDermott, J R 1,003,545
Liang, Y W 1,003,386 Macquarie Univ 1,003,251 McDonald, T L 1,003,668
Liaoning Technical Univ 1,003,113 Macrae, R A 1,003,147 McElwain, J C 1,003,152
Libbey, B 1,003,355 Madani, B 1,003,488 McGill Univ 1,003,144
Libyan Petroleum Inst 1,003,476 Madrid Complutense Univ 1,003,154 McGrath, S P 1,003,371
Lille I Univ 1,003,169 Madrid Complutense Univ 1,003,231 McGuire, L A 1,003,585
Lin, X Y 1,003,103 Magnitude 1,003,287 McMechan, D E 1,003,439
Lin, Z H 1,003,493 Mahdavi, M 1,003,656 Measles, B 1,003,448
Lin, Z H 1,003,494 Mahfud, H 1,003,476 Meese, E A 1,003,629
Linck, R 1,003,535 Maier, G 1,003,428 Mehdizadeh, M 1,003,521
Linga, P 1,003,596 Mailand, J C 1,003,462 Mehmandosti, E A 1,003,162
Linnemann, U 1,003,136 Main, B W 1,003,283 Mei, L F 1,003,105
Liquorish, M N 1,003,129 Mair, J 1,003,532 Meier, P 1,003,254
Liu, H L 1,003,112 Maisons, C 1,003,287 Melboe, H 1,003,528
Liu, H L 1,003,495 Makino, M 1,003,285 Mendoza-Borunda, R 1,003,091
Liu, H X 1,003,369 Malaysia Sabah Univ 1,003,260 Meng, Y F 1,003,384
Liu, J H 1,003,420 Maliva, R G 1,003,131 Merle, D 1,003,116
Liu, L 1,003,249 Malo, M 1,003,132 Merrick Systems Inc 1,003,523
Liu, P L 1,003,423 Malo, M 1,003,207 Mertiny, P 1,003,612
Liu, S 1,003,109 Mamberti, M 1,003,258 Mese, A 1,003,442

96 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 Author and Affiliation Index

Metcalfe, P D 1,003,436 Nadjiwon, L M 1,003,097 Obeida, T 1,003,560

Metropolitana Auton Univ 1,003,505 Nafarrette-Zamarripa, L M 1,003,091 Obermajer, M 1,003,187
Metz, R 1,003,171 Nagaishi, T 1,003,274 Occidental Elk Hills Inc 1,003,653
Mewes, D 1,003,534 Nagaoka Univ Technology 1,003,491 Occidental Petroleum Corp 1,003,330
Mexico Nac Auton Univ 1,003,114 Nagghappan, L 1,003,663 Odegard, M E 1,003,182
Mexico Nac Auton Univ 1,003,153 Nakamura, K 1,003,601 Ohio Univ 1,003,114
Mexico Nac Auton Univ 1,003,550 Nakano, C M F 1,003,533 Ohlenschlaeger, R 1,003,262
Meyers, P A 1,003,257 Nakayama, K 1,003,491 OHM Ltd 1,003,268
Mi, L 1,003,360 Nalco 1,003,496 Oil & Gas Inst (Poland) 1,003,429
Miami Univ, Florida 1,003,330 Nance, R D 1,003,114 Oil & Gas Inst (Poland) 1,003,507
Miami Univ, Florida 1,003,332 Nanjing Inst Geol Palaeont 1,003,129 Oil & Gas Inst (Poland) 1,003,565
Miandro, R 1,003,286 Nanjing Univ 1,003,251 Oil & Gas Inst (Poland) 1,003,610
MIC Ltd 1,003,632 Nanjing Univ 1,003,252 Okaguchi, S 1,003,631
Michigan Univ 1,003,257 Nanjing Univ Technology 1,003,666 Okasha, T M 1,003,566
Mickael, M W 1,003,416 Narbonne, G M 1,003,172 Oklahoma Univ 1,003,590
Microsoft Robotics 1,003,678 Narbonne, G M 1,003,173 Oliemans, R V A 1,003,621
Middleton, J 1,003,609 Narbonne, G M 1,003,189 Olivier, A W 1,003,273
Midland Valley Exploration 1,003,206 Nat Inst Oceanogr (India) 1,003,284 Olson, R A 1,003,302
Mijares, G 1,003,515 National Iranian Oil Co 1,003,382 Olympus NDT 1,003,680
Mikada, H 1,003,213 National Iranian Oil Co 1,003,570 Omura, T 1,003,604
MIL-TEC 1,003,337 National Oilwell Norway AS 1,003,676 OMV E&P 1,003,402
Miller, S 1,003,548 National Oilwell Varco LP 1,003,391 Onal, M 1,003,237
Minami, K 1,003,533 National Res Ctr (Egypt) 1,003,125 Open iT Inc 1,003,659
Minear, J F 1,003,394 National Taiwan Univ 1,003,135 Open Univ 1,003,127
Minn Univ, Minneapolis 1,003,236 Nations, C S 1,003,668 Oregon Univ 1,003,242
Mirkalaei, S M M 1,003,570 Natural History Mus London 1,003,239 Orion Energy Int Inc 1,003,386
Missimer, T M 1,003,131 Natural Resources Canada 1,003,209 Orszag-Sperber, F 1,003,116
Mississippi Univ 1,003,337 Naturkundemuseum Stuttgart 1,003,170 Ortega-Gutierrez, F 1,003,153
Mo, S 1,003,629 Nazzal, G R 1,003,437 Ortega-Obregon, C 1,003,153
Mohamed, O Y 1,003,441 Nealson, K H 1,003,211 Oslo Univ 1,003,193
Mohammed V Univ 1,003,170 Neau, A 1,003,316 Oslo Univ 1,003,323
Mohr, M 1,003,188 Nengkoda, A 1,003,529 Oslo Univ 1,003,468
Moir, P N 1,003,147 Neotechnology Consult Ltd 1,003,630 Ostensen, S 1,003,650
Moles, M 1,003,680 Neth Nat Mus Natural Hist 1,003,239 Ota, H 1,003,274
Monash Univ 1,003,229 Neumann-Mahlkau, P 1,003,137 Ottawa-Carleton Geosci Ctr 1,003,196
Moncur, C 1,003,519 New Orleans Univ 1,003,364 Ottawa-Carleton Geosci Ctr 1,003,256
Mondol, N H 1,003,323 New York State Museum 1,003,085 Ottiger, S 1,003,662
Monsen, J I 1,003,617 New York State Museum 1,003,086 Oxford Univ 1,003,152
Monsen, J I 1,003,629 Newfoundland Memorial Univ 1,003,143 Oxford Univ 1,003,195
Montevecchi, W A 1,003,664 Newfoundland Memorial Univ 1,003,664 Oxford Univ 1,003,255
Montpellier II Univ 1,003,241 Newsome, G 1,003,355 Oyler, M 1,003,297
Moore, J A 1,003,496 Nexans 1,003,606 Ozbek, A 1,003,303
Moore, P J 1,003,248 NGK Insulators Ltd 1,003,491 PA Consulting 1,003,379
Moran-Ical, S 1,003,153 Nicollin, J P 1,003,180 Palermo Univ 1,003,116
Moreno, C 1,003,232 Nielson, R M 1,003,668 Palfrey, A J 1,003,184
Moretto, R 1,003,133 Niinemets, U 1,003,243 Palma, R M 1,003,088
Morewood, N 1,003,185 Noel, C 1,003,545 Pan, X H 1,003,666
Morgan, L L 1,003,632 Nohr-Hansen, H 1,003,150 Pan, Y S 1,003,113
Morin, C 1,003,208 Nohr-Hansen, H 1,003,151 PanCanadian Petroleum Ltd 1,003,089
Morin, C 1,003,210 Nolen-Hoeksema, R 1,003,286 PanCanadian Petroleum Ltd 1,003,194
Moriya, S 1,003,185 Nordgard Bolas, H M 1,003,305 Panchev, N 1,003,551
Morley, C K 1,003,098 Norsk Hydro 1,003,185 Panchuk, K M 1,003,263
Morrow, D W 1,003,097 Norsk Hydro ASA 1,003,178 Pandelisev, K A 1,003,415
Morshed, A 1,003,479 Norsk Hydro ASA 1,003,191 Pang, X Q 1,003,106
Morton, S 1,003,297 Norsworthy, R 1,003,589 Pang, Y M 1,003,567
Moudrakovski, I 1,003,596 North Energy AS 1,003,186 Papajewski, D 1,003,639
Mubarak, S M 1,003,564 Northeastern Univ 1,003,346 Papouras, C 1,003,381
Mudde, R F 1,003,621 Northern Illinois Univ 1,003,155 Paradigm Geophysical 1,003,295
Mueller, K 1,003,135 Northland Energy Corp 1,003,374 Pareek, K 1,003,453
Mueller, T M 1,003,299 Norway Geological Survey 1,003,359 Pareek, K 1,003,454
Mukerji, T 1,003,276 Norwegian Univ Sci Technol 1,003,617 Pari, M N 1,003,446
Mukerji, T 1,003,324 Nouaze, V 1,003,410 Paris Sud Univ 1,003,116
Mulder, W A 1,003,318 NOV Grant Prideco 1,003,402 Parthasarathy, P 1,003,622
Muller-Link, D 1,003,535 Novascone, S R 1,003,278 Particle Drill Technol Inc 1,003,370
Multiphase Solutions Inc 1,003,622 Nozawa, N 1,003,502 Pascual, E 1,003,232
Muralidharan, V S 1,003,424 Nury, D 1,003,133 Paternost, G M 1,003,483
Muramatsu, Y 1,003,259 Nydal, O J 1,003,617 Pau Univ 1,003,133
Murphy, J B 1,003,114 Nygard, B E 1,003,650 Pau Univ 1,003,316
Murphy, W 1,003,286 Nytoft, H P 1,003,266 Pau Univ 1,003,497
Murrey, M D 1,003,458 O’Beirne, A M 1,003,128 Paul, D 1,003,656
Nabors Global Holdings Ltd 1,003,381 O’Hear, N 1,003,679 Paulista State Univ 1,003,212
Naderi, M 1,003,199 O’Neill, T A 1,003,227 Paulus, W H 1,003,467
Naderifar, A 1,003,427 O’Reilly, S Y 1,003,251 Pawlowski, R 1,003,358

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 97

 Author and Affiliation Index

Payne, M A 1,003,326 Poesio, P 1,003,595 Res Inst Petrol Explor Dev 1,003,563
Payne, M A 1,003,329 Poitiers Univ 1,003,169 Res Inst Petrol Ind (Iran) 1,003,333
Paz, V M 1,003,471 Pokrovskaya, E V 1,003,219 Reyes, R 1,003,448
Pearson, P N 1,003,202 Poling, J M 1,003,261 Rice Univ 1,003,119
Pedersen, A K 1,003,151 Polish Academy Sciences 1,003,277 Rice Univ 1,003,262
Peking Univ 1,003,113 Polyguard Products Inc 1,003,589 Rice Univ 1,003,552
Peltonen, C 1,003,193 Popa, M E 1,003,152 Richards, E 1,003,404
Pemberton, S G 1,003,175 Popham, M 1,003,647 Richardson, W J 1,003,668
Peng, C 1,003,342 Popova, L P 1,003,222 Ricketts, K 1,003,401
Pennsylvania State Univ 1,003,247 Popp, T 1,003,362 Riley, L A 1,003,174
Pennsylvania State Univ 1,003,335 Porter, J R 1,003,141 Rio de Janeiro State Univ 1,003,093
Pennsylvania State Univ 1,003,336 Postnikov, A V 1,003,222 Rio Grande Sul Fed Univ 1,003,094
Pennsylvania State Univ 1,003,356 Pothof, I 1,003,619 Ripmeester, J A 1,003,596
Pennsylvania State Univ 1,003,363 Potsdam Univ 1,003,083 Riquier, L 1,003,169
People Factor Consult Ltd 1,003,403 Powell, M G 1,003,197 Ritts, B D 1,003,109
Peoples, B 1,003,460 Powers, C M 1,003,099 Rivas, L F 1,003,401
Perea, J 1,003,355 Prad Res & Develop Ltd 1,003,394 Robb, I D 1,003,439
Perfomix Inc 1,003,648 Prad Research & Develop NV 1,003,456 Roberts, M 1,003,183
Perissoratis, C 1,003,120 Pradhan, S 1,003,408 Roberts, M 1,003,315
Perreault, S 1,003,121 Prado, J E 1,003,271 Roberts, R 1,003,619
Pershikova, E M 1,003,456 Precision Energy Svcs Inc 1,003,416 Robertsson, J O A 1,003,303
Pervukhina, M 1,003,305 Pride, S R 1,003,468 Robin, C 1,003,226
Peters, S W 1,003,341 Production Svcs Network 1,003,479 Roche, P 1,003,580
Petrel Robertson Consult 1,003,145 PROXIMA JSC 1,003,204 Rochester Univ 1,003,259
Petro-Canada 1,003,178 PTT Explor & Prod Co Ltd 1,003,098 Rochford, J 1,003,379
Petro-Canada 1,003,192 Pu, H 1,003,557 Rock Physics Technology 1,003,306
Petro-Canada Inc 1,003,194 Pu, H 1,003,587 Rockwell Automation 1,003,541
Petrobras E&P 1,003,094 Puebla, H 1,003,505 Rodgers, S 1,003,192
Petrobras E&P 1,003,095 Purdue Univ 1,003,235 Rodney, P 1,003,375
Petrobras Research Center 1,003,530 Pushcharovsky, Yu M 1,003,158 Rodriguez-Tovar, F J 1,003,203
PetroChina 1,003,104 Qasmi, L 1,003,529 Roger, J 1,003,518
PetroChina 1,003,111 Qi, X 1,003,545 Rogers, K 1,003,207
PetroChina 1,003,112 Qi, X 1,003,636 Roggeband, S M 1,003,435
PetroChina 1,003,384 Qu, Y 1,003,677 Rohlfing, G 1,003,535
PetroChina 1,003,495 Quan, Y 1,003,317 Rong, H 1,003,611
PetroChina 1,003,567 Quantum Drilling Motor LLC 1,003,397 Rooks, A 1,003,394
PetroChina 1,003,573 Quebec Ministry Nat Rsces 1,003,208 Roostaeian, M 1,003,382
PetroChina 1,003,583 Quebec Ministry Nat Rsces 1,003,210 Rosas Fermin, E 1,003,578
PetroChina 1,003,587 Queen’s Univ, Kingston 1,003,172 Rosenbaum, G 1,003,229
Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1,003,212 Queen’s Univ, Kingston 1,003,173 Rosenstiel Sch Marine Sci 1,003,332
Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1,003,471 Queen’s Univ, Kingston 1,003,189 Ross, D J K 1,003,267
Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1,003,483 Queensland Univ 1,003,229 Ross, R J 1,003,431
Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1,003,525 Queensland Univ Technology 1,003,258 Rouby, D 1,003,226
Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1,003,533 Quesnel, Y 1,003,290 Rouchy, J M 1,003,116
Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1,003,539 Quintard, M 1,003,450 Rouchy, J M 1,003,133
Petroleos Mexicanos 1,003,523 Raaz, V 1,003,639 Roure, F 1,003,241
Petroleum Development Oman 1,003,320 Rabinovich, M B 1,003,407 Rousse, S 1,003,359
Petroleum Development Oman 1,003,452 Radwan, J 1,003,254 Royal Holloway Univ 1,003,126
Petroleum Development Oman 1,003,529 Rafiei, Y 1,003,570 Royer, D L 1,003,243
Petroleum Univ Technology 1,003,570 Ragoza, E 1,003,295 Royle, G 1,003,315
PETRONAS 1,003,382 Rai, V 1,003,157 Rubiano, C 1,003,538
PGS Geophysical AS 1,003,301 Rainbird, R H 1,003,190 Ruf, W 1,003,547
Pham, T R 1,003,564 Ramana, M V 1,003,284 Ruiz-del-Solar, J 1,003,102
Pham-Huu, C 1,003,488 Ramirez, J 1,003,091 Rusneftegaz 1,003,219
Phi, M V 1,003,458 Ramprasad, T 1,003,284 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,158
Phillips, J E 1,003,466 Rao, M Y 1,003,386 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,166
Phoenix Engineer Pty Ltd 1,003,269 Rasmussen, J 1,003,546 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,216
Pickering, J G 1,003,379 Rasmussen, J A 1,003,149 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,218
Pierce, A D 1,003,366 Rauch-Wlodarska, M 1,003,277 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,219
Pierre & Marie Curie Univ 1,003,116 Raven, M 1,003,305 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,220
Pietras, B G 1,003,393 Ravve, I 1,003,295 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,221
Pinguet, B G 1,003,484 Rawat, A S 1,003,607 Russian Academy Sciences 1,003,275
Pinguet, B G 1,003,517 Ray, J S 1,003,256 Rutledge, J 1,003,340
Pini, R 1,003,662 Raymer, D 1,003,340 Rutledge, J T 1,003,288
Pinto, A C C 1,003,533 Reading Univ 1,003,225 RWD Technologies 1,003,644
Pioneer Natural Resources 1,003,448 Rees, M E 1,003,177 RWE Dea AG 1,003,188
Pipkin, R L 1,003,576 Regenauer-Lieb, K 1,003,229 Sabaa, A T 1,003,227
Pipkin, R L 1,003,577 Reichwage, M 1,003,534 Saberi, M R 1,003,321
Pisa Univ 1,003,614 Reid, S 1,003,425 Sack, L 1,003,243
PLA Logistical Eng Univ 1,003,624 Rennes Univ 1,003,226 Sadjadi, S J 1,003,427
Plodowski, G 1,003,168 Rensselaer Polytech Inst 1,003,346 Sager, M L 1,003,198
Podskarbi, M 1,003,547 Reppen, A 1,003,676 Sahabi, F 1,003,160
Poelen, H J 1,003,338 Res Inst Petrol Explor Dev 1,003,108 SAIC 1,003,379

98 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 Author and Affiliation Index

SAIC 1,003,651 Schlumberger Serv Petrol 1,003,394 Shen, C B 1,003,105

Sain, R 1,003,329 Schlumberger Serv Petrol 1,003,456 Shen, Q 1,003,556
Sakellariou, D 1,003,120 Schlumberger Technol BV 1,003,394 Sheraz, M 1,003,638
Salad Hersi, O 1,003,210 Schlumberger Technol BV 1,003,456 Shershakov, A V 1,003,166
Salem, S E A 1,003,441 Schlumberger Technol Corp 1,003,404 Shershakova, M M 1,003,166
Salman, S M 1,003,571 Schlumberger Technol Corp 1,003,409 Sheshtawy, A 1,003,390
Salnikova, E B 1,003,166 Schlumberger Technol Corp 1,003,410 Shi, M 1,003,297
Sampson, T 1,003,461 Schlumberger Technol Corp 1,003,421 Shields, G A 1,003,196
Sams, G W 1,003,482 Schlumberger Technol Corp 1,003,586 Shimeld, J W 1,003,147
Samson, C 1,003,210 Schlumberger Water Svcs 1,003,131 Shin, C 1,003,292
Samuel, M D 1,003,125 Schmitt, A K 1,003,083 Shragge, J 1,003,296
Sanada, Y 1,003,213 Schneider, P 1,003,586 Shu, L 1,003,251
Sanclemente, J F 1,003,401 Schock, S 1,003,352 Siberian Res Inst Geology 1,003,334
Sankaran, S 1,003,515 Schoenberg, R 1,003,258 Sidorovskaia, N A 1,003,364
Sanstrom, B 1,003,643 Schuler, M 1,003,133 Siegmann, W L 1,003,346
Santos, A A 1,003,633 Schulkes, R 1,003,594 Sierra, L 1,003,444
Sao Paulo Univ 1,003,096 Schultz, R L 1,003,576 Sierra, S 1,003,232
SAP 1,003,524 Schultz, R L 1,003,577 Siggins, T 1,003,305
Sarica, C 1,003,486 Schultz, R L 1,003,578 Silesia Univ 1,003,219
Sarica, C 1,003,511 Schultz, R L 1,003,579 Simo, J A 1,003,233
Sarica, C 1,003,637 Schweizer, M K 1,003,255 Simon Fraser Univ 1,003,665
Sarkar, S 1,003,320 Science Applicat Int Corp 1,003,521 Simonato, A 1,003,521
Sarker, R 1,003,325 Science Applicat Int Corp 1,003,649 Simpson, W J 1,003,652
Saskatchewan Univ 1,003,263 Science Applicat Int Corp 1,003,661 Simsek, E 1,003,417
Sathiya Priya, A R 1,003,424 SCK-CEN 1,003,264 Sinclair, I 1,003,141
Sato, E 1,003,502 Scotellaro, C 1,003,331 Sinclair, I K 1,003,143
Saudi Aramco 1,003,398 Scott, P 1,003,469 Sinclair, I K 1,003,174
Saudi Aramco 1,003,422 Scott, S 1,003,469 Sinclair, I K 1,003,175
Saudi Aramco 1,003,466 Scotti, A 1,003,614 Singh, A 1,003,157
Saudi Aramco 1,003,470 Screen Imaging Technol Inc 1,003,345 Singh, S 1,003,315
Saudi Aramco 1,003,537 Scripps Inst Oceanogr 1,003,140 Singh, S C 1,003,343
Saudi Aramco 1,003,564 Scripps Inst Oceanogr 1,003,202 Sinha, B K 1,003,417
Saudi Aramco 1,003,566 Scripps Inst Oceanogr 1,003,353 Sinopec 1,003,105
Saudi Aramco 1,003,648 SEA (Group) Ltd 1,003,674 Sinopec 1,003,107
Savin-Poncet, S 1,003,488 Searle, M P 1,003,195 Sinopec 1,003,252
Sawaryn, S 1,003,403 Sears, T 1,003,315 Sinopec 1,003,368
Sawaryn, S J 1,003,378 Seilacher, A 1,003,221 Sinopec 1,003,413
Sayers, C M 1,003,442 Sen, M 1,003,319 Sinopec 1,003,420
Saylor, B Z 1,003,261 Sen, M K 1,003,291 Sinopec 1,003,423
Sayyouh, M H 1,003,512 Seoul National Univ 1,003,292 Sinopec 1,003,567
Scarborough, J T 1,003,381 Seranne, M 1,003,241 SINTEF 1,003,629
Schaefer, R G 1,003,137 SERNAGEOMIN 1,003,102 SINTEF Petroleumsforskning 1,003,185
Scharf, A 1,003,534 Sessarego, J P 1,003,354 Sinvent AS 1,003,492
Scharff, N 1,003,339 Sexton, P E 1,003,202 Sira, T 1,003,594
Scheffer, M 1,003,548 Seyrafian, A 1,003,159 Sistan & Baluchestan Univ 1,003,161
Schemm-Gregory, M 1,003,168 Sha, J 1,003,129 Sitton, G A 1,003,270
Schindler, E 1,003,168 Shahid Bahonar Univ 1,003,161 Skaug, M 1,003,178
Schipperijn, P 1,003,521 Shahid Beheshti Univ 1,003,162 Skjetne, P 1,003,492
Schlegel, M L 1,003,254 Shandong Coal Mine Bureau 1,003,386 Smart, G 1,003,663
Schlumberger 1,003,484 Shandong Univ 1,003,556 Smethurst, M A 1,003,359
Schlumberger 1,003,512 Shao, L Y 1,003,104 Smith, J M 1,003,270
Schlumberger 1,003,516 Shapiro, S 1,003,288 Smith, L C 1,003,655
Schlumberger 1,003,517 Shatagin, K N 1,003,166 Smith, M 1,003,514
Schlumberger 1,003,547 Shedid, S A 1,003,554 Smith, S 1,003,630
Schlumberger 1,003,568 Sheil, K 1,003,379 Smits, J W 1,003,421
Schlumberger 1,003,572 Sheldon, E 1,003,149 Smosna, R 1,003,198
Schlumberger 1,003,574 Shell 1,003,529 Soares, A F 1,003,205
Schlumberger 1,003,581 Shell 1,003,651 Soares, S D 1,003,530
Schlumberger 1,003,646 Shell Canada Ltd 1,003,267 Sobolev Inst Mathematics 1,003,334
Schlumberger 1,003,656 Shell Explor & Prod Co 1,003,522 Sokolov, S Yu 1,003,275
Schlumberger Cambridge Res 1,003,340 Shell Explor & Prod Co 1,003,542 Solari, L A 1,003,153
Schlumberger Cambridge Res 1,003,343 Shell Global Solut Int BV 1,003,542 Solberg Technip 1,003,548
Schlumberger Canada 1,003,311 Shell Global Solutions 1,003,518 Soleimani, A 1,003,592
Schlumberger Canada Ltd 1,003,303 Shell Global Solutions Inc 1,003,473 Soler-Gijon, R 1,003,231
Schlumberger Canada Ltd 1,003,394 Shell Global Solutions Inc 1,003,519 Sollner, W 1,003,301
Schlumberger Canada Ltd 1,003,456 Shell Global Solutions Inc 1,003,542 Sombra, C L 1,003,539
Schlumberger Dhahran Ctr 1,003,592 Shell Global Solutions Inc 1,003,549 Sonderholm, M 1,003,150
Schlumberger Doll Research 1,003,146 Shell Int Explor & Prod 1,003,318 Song, J X 1,003,369
Schlumberger Doll Research 1,003,330 Shell Int Explor & Prod 1,003,649 Song, Y 1,003,111
Schlumberger Doll Research 1,003,417 Shell Internat Res Mij BV 1,003,435 Song, Y 1,003,252
Schlumberger GeoQuest 1,003,192 Shell Internat Res Mij BV 1,003,437 Sonnad, J R 1,003,590
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd 1,003,394 Shell Malaysia 1,003,542 Soroka, W L 1,003,326
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd 1,003,456 Shell UK Explor & Prod 1,003,183 South Australian Museum 1,003,123

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 99

 Author and Affiliation Index

South Australian Museum 1,003,172 Sucha, V 1,003,264 Thomsen, K 1,003,599

South Australian Museum 1,003,173 Sucre, G 1,003,511 Thore, P 1,003,316
Southampton Oceanogr Ctr 1,003,202 Suez Canal Univ 1,003,126 Thornton, J T O 1,003,430
Southampton Oceanogr Ctr 1,003,225 Sugarman, P 1,003,618 Tian, F H 1,003,106
Southampton Univ 1,003,344 Sugimoto, T 1,003,410 Tianjin Univ 1,003,419
Southern California Univ 1,003,099 Sultan Qaboos Univ 1,003,188 Tianjin Univ 1,003,623
Southern California Univ 1,003,656 Sultan, A A 1,003,329 Tianjin Univ 1,003,677
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,369 Sumitomo Metal Inds Ltd 1,003,601 Tibbitts, G A 1,003,370
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,384 Sumitomo Metal Inds Ltd 1,003,602 Tibetan Plateau Res Inst 1,003,245
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,387 Sumitomo Metal Inds Ltd 1,003,603 Tilke, P 1,003,146
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,423 Sumitomo Metal Inds Ltd 1,003,604 Tingay, M R P 1,003,098
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,567 Summers, B R 1,003,155 Tokarski, A K 1,003,277
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,573 Sun, B 1,003,104 Toksoz, M N 1,003,320
Southwest Petroleum Univ 1,003,627 Sun, J 1,003,556 Tokyo Univ 1,003,259
Sowers, S F 1,003,377 Sun, L 1,003,556 Tomaru, H 1,003,259
Speij, L 1,003,455 Suncor Energy 1,003,484 Tomita, T 1,003,491
Spencer, R L 1,003,632 Sunde, E 1,003,400 Tomsk Polytechnic Univ 1,003,217
Spila, M V 1,003,175 Surjaatmadja, J B 1,003,444 Tongji Univ 1,003,107
Spoerker, H F 1,003,402 Surlyk, F 1,003,152 Tongji Univ 1,003,624
Spratt, D A 1,003,177 Suzuki, K 1,003,491 Toporski, J K W 1,003,255
Sprenger, F 1,003,606 Svabenicka, L 1,003,118 Toronto Univ 1,003,139
SPT Group Norge AS 1,003,594 Svennevig, J P 1,003,676 Torres de Leon, R 1,003,153
St Andrews Univ 1,003,195 Svobodova, M 1,003,118 Torres, G 1,003,448
St Francis Xavier Univ 1,003,114 Svrcek, W 1,003,630 Torsvik, T H 1,003,359
St Louis Univ 1,003,230 Swarbrick, R E 1,003,098 Total E&P 1,003,540
Staag Imaging LP 1,003,312 Sydora, L J 1,003,148 Total E&P Norge AS 1,003,617
Stanford Rock Physics Lab 1,003,324 Sylta, O 1,003,185 Total France 1,003,316
Stanford Univ 1,003,276 Szpunar, T 1,003,507 Total France 1,003,488
Stanford Univ 1,003,296 Taddei, S 1,003,614 Total SA 1,003,488
Stanford Univ 1,003,304 Tafila Technical Univ 1,003,165 TransCanada Pipelines Ltd 1,003,632
Stanford Univ 1,003,317 Taher, A K 1,003,081 Transocean Offshore Inc 1,003,371
Stanford Univ 1,003,329 Tahir, S H 1,003,260 Tremblay, A 1,003,209
Stanford Univ 1,003,331 Takahashi, N 1,003,631 Tretyakov, A A 1,003,166
Stanford Univ 1,003,350 Takashima, C 1,003,163 Trevisan, R E 1,003,633
Stanford Univ 1,003,575 Takekawa, J 1,003,213 Tribovillard, N 1,003,169
Starr, E W 1,003,310 Tallinn Univ Technology 1,003,225 Trinity Coll, Dublin 1,003,226
Starr, E W 1,003,312 TAM International Inc 1,003,469 Tuchkova, M I 1,003,219
Stasiuk, L D 1,003,082 Tan, B 1,003,376 Tulsa Univ 1,003,486
Stasiuk, L D 1,003,147 Tang, H M 1,003,384 Tulsa Univ 1,003,511
StatoilHydro 1,003,309 Tang, J P 1,003,113 Tulsa Univ 1,003,592
StatoilHydro 1,003,323 Tang, Y 1,003,250 Tulsa Univ 1,003,637
StatoilHydro 1,003,617 Tangen, T A 1,003,191 Turgut, A 1,003,298
StatoilHydro 1,003,650 Tanveer, M 1,003,186 Turgut, A 1,003,328
StatoilHydro ASA 1,003,594 Tashmukhambetov, A M 1,003,364 Tuscan Corrosion Ctrl Ltd 1,003,609
StatoilHydro Global Explor 1,003,306 Tata Consultancy Services 1,003,645 Tyrrell, S 1,003,181
StatoilHydro Research Ctr 1,003,307 Tattersall, S 1,003,546 Tyssekvam, J A 1,003,191
Stavanger Univ 1,003,427 Taylor, J W 1,003,474 Uba, C E 1,003,083
Stavanger Univ 1,003,555 TEA Sistemi 1,003,614 Uchman, A 1,003,203
Stavanger Univ 1,003,638 Technip USA 1,003,544 United Arab Emirates Univ 1,003,554
Stavanger Univ 1,003,658 Technip USA 1,003,545 Upton, P 1,003,135
Steacie Inst Molecular Sci 1,003,596 Technip USA Inc 1,003,636 Urai, J L 1,003,188
Steele, A 1,003,255 Tehran Univ 1,003,199 US Army 1,003,355
Steele, D J 1,003,578 Tekin, E 1,003,237 US Geological Survey 1,003,281
Steiner, A 1,003,374 Tekin, E 1,003,238 US Geological Survey 1,003,351
Stenseth, S M 1,003,659 Tel Aviv Univ 1,003,295 US Naval Research Lab 1,003,282
Stepchange Global 1,003,647 Tenison, P 1,003,477 US Naval Research Lab 1,003,298
Stoffa, P L 1,003,291 Tenn Univ, Knoxville 1,003,084 US Naval Research Lab 1,003,328
Stokes, R 1,003,142 Tension Technology Int 1,003,679 US Naval Research Lab 1,003,346
Stokes, R 1,003,143 Terabayshi, T 1,003,410 Utrecht Univ 1,003,280
Stokkeland, J E 1,003,272 Testa, D 1,003,606 Vajapeyam, B 1,003,271
Storti, G 1,003,662 Texas A&M Univ (Qatar) 1,003,554 Valadares, A 1,003,525
Storvoll, V 1,003,307 Texas Univ, Austin 1,003,291 van den Berg, F 1,003,651
Strazza, D 1,003,595 Texas Univ, Austin 1,003,298 van Kesteren, W 1,003,619
Strecker, M R 1,003,083 Texas Univ, Austin 1,003,319 van Leeuwen, T 1,003,318
Streever, B 1,003,668 Texas Univ, Austin 1,003,327 Van Manen, D J 1,003,303
STRM LLC 1,003,569 TGS NOPEC Geophysical Co 1,003,294 Van Staal, C R 1,003,179
Styliandes, G 1,003,141 Thavarajah, R 1,003,521 van Wijngaarden, A J 1,003,306
Styre, J 1,003,586 The Glosten Associates 1,003,201 Vanorio, T 1,003,324
Su, X B 1,003,103 The Petroleum Institute 1,003,657 Varnado, B R 1,003,543
Suarez-Vidal, F 1,003,091 Thomas, E 1,003,119 Varol, B 1,003,238
Subramania, A 1,003,424 Thompson, H 1,003,544 Vassallo, M 1,003,303
Subsea 7 1,003,532 Thompson, H 1,003,545 Vast Power Portfolio LLC 1,003,585
Subsea 7 1,003,605 Thompson, M D 1,003,167 Vautier, S 1,003,342

100 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 Author and Affiliation Index

Vazquez, A 1,003,671 West, P B 1,003,278 Xu, S 1,003,326

Vazquez-Sune, E 1,003,233 Western Australia Univ 1,003,229 Xu, S 1,003,329
Veizer, J 1,003,256 Western Australia Univ 1,003,531 Xu, W 1,003,294
Velez, J E 1,003,578 Western Australia Univ 1,003,634 Xu, Y 1,003,388
Veolia Water 1,003,663 WesternGeco 1,003,309 Xu, Y G 1,003,567
Ver Straeten, C A 1,003,085 WesternGeco 1,003,310 Xue, L 1,003,387
Ver Straeten, C A 1,003,086 WesternGeco LLC 1,003,303 Yajima, K 1,003,491
Ver Vers, L 1,003,496 Westfaelische Wilhelm Univ 1,003,138 Yale Univ 1,003,119
Vernadsky Inst Geochem 1,003,222 Westfaelische Wilhelm Univ 1,003,170 Yale Univ 1,003,221
Vernus, J C 1,003,646 Westoby, M 1,003,243 Yamada, Y 1,003,213
Vettical, C S 1,003,648 White, D 1,003,531 Yamaguchi, K 1,003,568
Vick, J D 1,003,459 White, D J 1,003,634 Yamamoto, K 1,003,215
Victoria Univ, BC 1,003,240 White, J H 1,003,474 Yamate, T 1,003,410
Victoria Univ, BC 1,003,356 Whiteley, N 1,003,378 Yan, W 1,003,618
Vienna Univ 1,003,640 Whiteley, N 1,003,379 Yang, F 1,003,387
Vietnam Petroleum Inst 1,003,266 Whiticar, M 1,003,399 Yang, H 1,003,345
Vigh, D 1,003,310 Widdison, R E 1,003,239 Yang, L W 1,003,386
Vigh, D 1,003,312 Widera, M 1,003,204 Yang, S 1,003,495
Vignati, A F 1,003,309 Widmaier, M 1,003,301 Yang, W 1,003,108
Vinson, J P 1,003,433 Wiebe, N S 1,003,082 Yang, Z 1,003,623
Volk, M 1,003,511 Wiese, F K 1,003,664 Yangtze Univ 1,003,250
Voltolini, M 1,003,362 Wiley, R W 1,003,341 Yao, A L 1,003,627
von Blanckenburg, F 1,003,258 Wilf, P 1,003,243 Yarbrough, R A 1,003,327
von Solms, N 1,003,599 Wilkes, H 1,003,137 Ye, L X 1,003,388
Vorontsova, I V 1,003,584 Williams Field Services 1,003,635 Ye, W C 1,003,368
Waggoner, B 1,003,124 Williams, B K 1,003,371 Yeung, H 1,003,536
Waldron, J W F 1,003,179 Williams, B P J 1,003,183 Yeung, H 1,003,618
Wallace, D I 1,003,269 Williams, T 1,003,163 Yeung, H 1,003,626
Walsh, J J 1,003,185 Williamson, J R 1,003,459 Yin, B 1,003,472
Wan, Y S 1,003,376 Williamson, M A 1,003,147 Yin, H 1,003,110
Wang, B 1,003,111 Wilson, P A 1,003,202 Yingst, D 1,003,314
Wang, B 1,003,294 Wilson, P H 1,003,341 Yokohama National Univ 1,003,227
Wang, D 1,003,559 Wise, S W 1,003,257 Yongjian, L 1,003,559
Wang, E 1,003,245 Wittgens, B 1,003,492 Yoon, K J 1,003,294
Wang, G 1,003,587 Wood, D A 1,003,172 Yoshida, S 1,003,491
Wang, G Q 1,003,475 Wood, D A 1,003,642 Young, B 1,003,630
Wang, H Y 1,003,111 Wood, W 1,003,282 Young, J 1,003,361
Wang, H Y 1,003,112 Woods Hole Oceanogr Inst 1,003,201 Young, S 1,003,389
Wang, H Y 1,003,495 Woodside, J 1,003,120 Yu, J H 1,003,251
Wang, J 1,003,677 Wright, I J 1,003,243 Yu, L 1,003,563
Wang, L 1,003,251 Wright, J P 1,003,278 Yu, Y 1,003,289
Wang, L 1,003,377 Wroblewska, A 1,003,610 Yuan, S 1,003,360
Wang, P 1,003,249 WS Atkins Inc 1,003,538 Yue, Q 1,003,443
Wang, R 1,003,251 Wu, F 1,003,413 Yum, J G 1,003,257
Wang, S 1,003,245 Wu, H Y 1,003,419 Zakarian, E 1,003,540
Ward, P 1,003,308 Wu, J G 1,003,475 Zakum Development Co 1,003,329
Warren, J K 1,003,188 Wu, M 1,003,108 Zakum Development Co 1,003,571
Washington Univ, Seattle 1,003,354 Wu, S 1,003,360 Zaky, A H 1,003,125
Washington Univ, St Louis 1,003,253 Wu, X D 1,003,558 Zamfes, K 1,003,406
Wassermann, I 1,003,411 Wu, X G 1,003,107 Zan, L 1,003,250
Waterloo Univ 1,003,097 Wubben, A L M 1,003,435 Zekri, A Y 1,003,554
Waterloo Univ 1,003,672 Wunderlich, J 1,003,357 Zenith Oilfield Technology 1,003,452
Waters, C N 1,003,128 Wylie, G 1,003,643 Zerkal, S M 1,003,334
Weatherford 1,003,518 Wylie, I 1,003,585 Zhang, B 1,003,548
Weatherford/Lamb Inc 1,003,393 Wyoming Univ 1,003,244 Zhang, C 1,003,385
Weatherford/Lamb Inc 1,003,455 Wyoming Univ 1,003,557 Zhang, C 1,003,385
Weaver, T 1,003,544 Wyoming Univ 1,003,587 Zhang, G 1,003,360
Webb, B 1,003,309 Xi’an Jiaotong Univ 1,003,493 Zhang, H 1,003,320
Webb, C 1,003,663 Xi’an Jiaotong Univ 1,003,494 Zhang, H 1,003,361
Webb, G E 1,003,258 Xi’an Jiaotong Univ 1,003,625 Zhang, H Q 1,003,486
Weddige, K 1,003,168 Xi, C F 1,003,558 Zhang, J 1,003,109
Weinberg, R F 1,003,229 Xi, M Y 1,003,475 Zhang, J 1,003,252
Wellesley Coll 1,003,167 Xiang, S P 1,003,624 Zhang, J 1,003,326
Welton, T D 1,003,439 Xiao, S H 1,003,279 Zhang, J 1,003,349
Wen, J 1,003,625 Xiao, X 1,003,265 Zhang, K 1,003,376
Wen, Z 1,003,250 Xie, J 1,003,443 Zhang, L 1,003,108
Wendte, J 1,003,082 Xie, S 1,003,110 Zhang, L H 1,003,573
Wenk, H R 1,003,362 Xie, S B 1,003,345 Zhang, M 1,003,251
Wesleyan Univ 1,003,243 Xiong, J Y 1,003,387 Zhang, M 1,003,545
WEST Inc 1,003,668 Xiong, Y X 1,003,369 Zhang, M G 1,003,666
West Sichuan Drilling Co 1,003,376 Xu, M F 1,003,625 Zhang, Q 1,003,423
West Sichuan Drilling Co 1,003,388 Xu, N 1,003,360 Zhang, R 1,003,573
West Virginia Univ 1,003,198 Xu, Q 1,003,557 Zhang, S A 1,003,386

July 25, 2009 Petroleum Abstracts 101

 Author and Affiliation Index

Zhang, X 1,003,252
Zhang, X 1,003,510
Zhang, Y 1,003,361
Zhang, Y 1,003,367
Zhang, Y 1,003,559
Zhang, Z 1,003,443
Zhao, L Q 1,003,423
Zhao, Q 1,003,112
Zhao, Q 1,003,495
Zhao, Q B 1,003,104
Zhao, X 1,003,408
Zhao, X F 1,003,627
Zhao, Y 1,003,249
Zhao, Y G 1,003,413
Zhao, Z G 1,003,627
Zhou, H S 1,003,384
Zhou, P G 1,003,387
Zhou, Y 1,003,677
Zhou, Y C 1,003,624
Zhou, Z Z 1,003,293
Zhu, D 1,003,252
Zielinski, A 1,003,240
Zijsling, D H 1,003,435

102 Petroleum Abstracts July 25, 2009

 PUBLICATIONS COVERED IN THIS ISSUE
(Volume 49, Number 30 July 25, 2009 Abstract Nos. 1,003,081 - 1,003,680)
The numbers following the date of each publication are the last three digits of the abstract number assigned to each article selected
from the publication.
154th Acoustical Society Of America Meeting (New Orleans,
LA, 11/27/2007-12/1/2007) Abstracts; The Journal Of
The Acoustical Society Of America (Nov. 2007)
140, 282, 298, 319, 327, 328, 335, 336, 337, 346, 351,
352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 363, 364, 365, 366, 668
AIChE Journal (Aug. 2008)
596
Applied Geochemistry (April 2008)
254
6th BHR Group Multiphase Technology North American Con-
ference (Banff, Alberta, 6/4-6/2008) Proceedings
408, 484, 511, 517, 534, 535, 536, 540, 542, 592, 594,
595, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 626,
629, 630, 637
Bulletin Of Geosciences (v.80, no.4, 2005)
093, 117, 118, 230
Butsuri-Tansa (April 2007)
213, 215, 285, 308
Canadian Geotechnical Journal (May 2008)
634
Carbonates And Evaporites (June 2008)
088, 125, 159, 161, 237, 238
Carnets De Geologie (Notebooks On Geology) (no.A07, 2007)
164
Chemical Engineering Science (v.63, no.12, June 2008)
450, 599
Chemical Geology Including Isotope Geoscience (3/30/2008)
248, 258, 264
Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry (March 2008)
249, 250, 260
Colloids And Surfaces A: Physicochemical And Engineering
Aspects (2/15/2008)
551, 556
Computers & Geosciences (July 2008)
212, 214
Corrosion (June 2008)
424, 498
Devonian Events And Correlations [Geological Society Of
London Special Publication No.278] (2007)
085, 086, 122, 137, 138, 168, 169, 170, 180, 225
Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B (Aug. 2007)
130, 155, 156, 223, 228, 235, 236, 242, 244, 253, 350,
367, 510, 575, 665, 667, 669, 670
Doklady Earth Sciences (Feb.-March 2008)
166, 216, 217, 218, 222, 275, 334
Earth And Planetary Science Letters (5/15/2008)
247
Fluid Phase Equilibria (7/25/2008)
497
Fuel (Oct. 2007)
503, 550
Annual GAC-MAC Joint Meeting (St. John’s, Newfoundland,
5/27-30/2001) Technical Program
082, 084, 089, 090, 097, 114, 115, 121, 123, 124, 132,
136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
150, 151, 157, 160, 167, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,
178, 179, 182, 183, 184, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194,
196, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 220, 221, 234, 256, 261,
262, 263, 664, 672
Geologica Acta (v.5, no.2, 2007)
087, 205, 206
Geology (Nov. 2007)
083, 098, 099, 127, 163, 181, 188, 195, 229, 259
Geophysical Journal International (June 2009)
277, 280, 284, 292, 343, 347, 348, 349, 359
Geophysical Research Letters (9/16/2007)
344
Geotectonics (Sept.-Oct. 2007)
101, 154, 158, 219
Hydrocarbon Processing (Aug. 2008)
537, 590
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (10/10/2007)
491, 505
International Geology Review (Nov. 2007)
109, 153
International Geology Review (July 2008)
091, 245
International Journal Of Earth Sciences (Oct. 2007)
110, 119, 204
Journal Of Asian Earth Sciences (7/15/2008)
162, 165, 224
Journal Of Colloid And Interface Science (11/15/2007)
552
Journal Of Geophysical Research (4/4/2009)
135, 289, 290, 662
Journal Of Petroleum Technology (June 2009)
372, 411, 432, 440, 445, 451, 463, 464, 465, 485, 487,
561, 582, 640
Marine And Petroleum Geology (June 2009)
094, 095, 100, 108, 120, 126, 134, 185, 186, 193, 199,
226, 241, 252, 257, 265, 266, 267, 281, 300, 360
Materials Evaluation (Aug. 2008)
632, 633, 680
Materials Performance (Aug. 2008)
476, 479, 480, 612, 675
NACE Standards (2007-2008)
447, 478, 481, 499, 500, 501, 588, 593, 600, 613, 673
Nafta-Gaz (May 2007)
429, 507, 565, 610
Natural Gas Industry (Tianranqi Gongye) (7/25/2007)
103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111, 112, 113, 279, 368, 369,
376, 383, 384, 386, 387, 388, 413, 419, 420, 423, 475,
493, 494, 495, 558, 567, 573, 583, 623, 624, 625, 627,
666
Nickle’s New Technology Magazine (June 2008)
392, 580
Northeastern Geology And Environmental Sciences (June
2008)
171, 198
Offshore Technology Conference [OTC 09] (Houston, TX,
5/4-7/2009) Proceedings
293, 294, 310, 361, 401, 460, 483, 486, 496, 506, 528,
530, 531, 532, 533, 538, 539, 541, 543, 544, 545, 546,
547, 548, 549, 605, 606, 608, 611, 635, 636, 677
Oil & Gas Journal (5/25/2009)
200, 477, 512, 589, 642
 (Publications covered in this issue - continued)

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

(5/27/2008)
203
Palaeontology (Sept. 2007)
129, 227, 231
Paleobiology (Fall 2007)
092, 152, 197, 202, 243, 255
Petroleum Economist (Jan. 2008)
509, 652
Precambrian Research (6/20/2008)
251
Proceedings Of The Yorkshire Geological Society (v.57, pt.1,
May 2008)
128, 239
Sea Technology (July 2008)
201, 240, 674, 679
Sedimentary Deposition In Rift And Foreland Basins In
France And Spain (Paleogene And Lower Neogene)
(1997)
133
Sedimentary Geology (5/15/2009)
096, 102, 116, 131, 232, 233, 246
78th Annual SEG International Meeting (Las Vegas, NV,
11/9-14/2008) Technical Program (v.27, 2008)
276, 286, 287, 288, 291, 295, 296, 297, 299, 312, 313,
314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 326, 329, 330, 331,
332, 340, 345
Soil & Sediment Contamination (July-Aug. 2008)
671
SPE Digital Energy Conference (Houston, TX, 4/7-8/2009)
Proceedings
373, 378, 379, 403, 446, 473, 504, 508, 515, 518, 519,
520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 553, 562, 572, 643, 644,
645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 653, 656, 658, 659,
660, 661
16th SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show And Conference
[MEOS 2009] (Bahrain, 3/15-18/2009) Proceedings
081, 333, 382, 398, 402, 418, 422, 441, 443, 444, 449,
452, 466, 469, 470, 516, 529, 554, 555, 557, 559, 560,
563, 564, 566, 568, 570, 571, 574, 581, 584, 587, 638,
654, 655, 657
The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America (July
2008)
417
The Leading Edge (June 2008)
304, 305, 306, 307, 322, 323, 324, 325, 358, 362
Upstream Technology (Nov. 2007)
514, 678
World Oil (June 2009)
309, 377, 380, 427, 448, 468, 663