REPORT PRACTICUM

DARK SYNCHORONIZING CIRCUIT

POWER ENGINEERING

SUPERVISOR:
Bp. Djodi Antono, B.Tech, M. Eng.

ARRANGED BY:
NURUL CHOFIFAH
(3. 31. 17. 2. 14 / LT-2C)

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM D3

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MAJOR
STATE POLYTECHNIC SEMARANG
2019
 EXPERIMENT 03
Synchronizing DARK CIRCUIT

A. PRELIMINARY
Dark Synchronizing Circuitis a system that combines two or more electric three
phases into one. This method uses the system or synchronous generators in parallel pairs
in the circuit. Parallel generator means combining two or more generators and then
operated jointly -Same with the goal, Get a larger power, for efficiency (Save costs of
operational usage and save cost of purchase), to facilitate the determination of the
capacity of the generator, and to ensure the availability kotinyuitas electrical power. The
synchronous generator connected to the source PLN for later synchronization process
between the two. However, in doing this method the system or there are some things that
must be considered is the voltage between the two should be the same, the frequency
between the two must be equal, the phase difference between the two the same, and so
did the phase sequence between the two must be equal. If an error occurs between a
couple of the matter, when the synchronous condition can lead to workplace accidents
exploixion of circuit.

B. BASIC THEORY
In this experiment the synchronization between the source generator PLN this is
done to parallelize 2 pieces of source in order to obtain a large power with high
efficiency, typically the synchronization is done to get a great power with great
efficiency. Before synchronizing two or more sources of stress then it should be lumped
in advance the amount of voltage, frequency, phase sequence and phase difference so
that the load borne by the two sources can carry the load in a balanced manner without
aggravating one.
There are two methods of synchronization that can be done that synchronization
bright lights and dark light synchronization. In this experiment only synchronize dark
light. In the dark light synchronization if the voltage between phases is equal then three
lights will darken caused by the voltage difference is that there is zero. Vice versa, if the
lights are illuminated, the voltage difference between the phases.
Synchronization

If we want to parallelize two or more generators course, we must pay attention to

some of the requirements of the generator parallel. Some of the requirements that must
be met are:
1. The second voltage generator must have the same amplitude.

2. The second voltage generator must have the same frequency, and

3. The voltage between the generator must be

in phase. With the above requirements
apply if:
1. More than two generators that will work in parallel.

2. Two or more systems to be connected in parallel.

3. Generators or power stations to be connected on a network.

Simple methods used to mensikronkan two or more generators are using the
sinkroskop lights. Which must be considered in this simple method is light - the
indicator light should be able to withstand twice the voltage between phases.
Dark Lights Sinkronoskop

Sinkronoskop kind of dark light in principle connect between the three phases,
namely U, U, V with V and W with W. For more details can be seen in the following
figure:

Figure 1 Schematic Sinkronoskop Dark Lights

In this connection if the voltage between phases is equal then three lights will
darken caused by the voltage difference is that there is zero. Vice versa, if the lights are
illuminated, the voltage difference between the phases. This can be explained in the
following figure.
 Figure 2 voltage difference between the phases in the dark light sinkronoskop

Automatic parallel

Parallel generator automatically usually use a tool that automatically monitors the
phase difference, voltage, frequency, and phase sequence. If all the conditions have
been met tool gives a signal that the switch to a parallel can be entered.

Figure 7 synchroscope.

The influence and impact is when a condition parallel generator requirements are
not met:
1. In the generator in parallel with PLN, then when the generator will have a higher
voltage diparalel then close generator breaker so it has a low power factor, but is not
dangerous because of the power factor in inductive and helpless PLN still great..and if
if it has a voltage generator the lower the power factor will be capacitive and has a
tendency to expect a reverse power. Reverse power is limited at the level of 5% of the
nominal power. In the generator in parallel with the generator at the same time the
same has not been loaded, then if a higher voltage will be low power factor
(inductive) but otherwise power factor generator that would otherwise be too low
 but is capacitive. Until another generator power has a tendency reverse.

2. If the phase sequence is not the same system in parallel with the system ABC CBA,
there will be a voltage difference of 2 times the nominal voltage, it can be detected
manually measured using a voltmeter, when synchronoscope pointed 0 degrees, there
is a difference of 2 x 400 V.

3. If the same frequency is not parallelized, there will be several possibilities, from the
lightest to the heaviest. For example generator 1 has a frequency of 49 Hz while the
second generator has a frequency of 50 hz. By looking synchronoscope then the
needle will rotate with angular velocity 2 pi r / sec or 1putaran / sec. If at the time of
entry fitting at the zero angle generator that has a lower frequency will have a reverse
power which when connected synchronous fekuensi there at 49.5 Hz. And reverse
power protection will work to secure, but if at the time of entry fitting synchronous
synchronoscope position on the corner of 180 degrees means an enormous difference
in voltage in addition to the possibility of reverse also happens fatal damage to the
generator, The breaker will show a large current and a great generate sparks and
hunting diengine will happen shortly ... and it could lead to mechanical damage until
it broke in cransaft. Because large load pressure suddenly.

4. If the phase angle is not at the same frequency but the trend will only lead to hunting
moment without any possibility of reverse power, but also very dangerous if different
angle is too large, the engine will experience a momentary pressure.

C. FIGURE CIRCUIT
a. Pictures of the circuit in this experiment are:

b. Step Trial

1. Prepare equipment and materials used for lab work.

 2. Assembling the circuit according to the circuit drawing

3. At the time synchronization checks PLN voltages up to 380 Volt or 350 Volt
between linenya minimal.
4. Check the frequency to 50 Hz or 48 Hz tolerance.

5. To play the synchronous generator, run a DC motor.

6. Synchronous generator produces an excitation voltage to increase the

voltage up to 380 volts.
7. PLN voltage then inserted and synchronization unit will look to the right or
to the left.
8. Check the resulting frequency generator PLN 50 Hz and 50 Hz frequency.

9. Check the direction of the sequence generator. If at first to the right then by
increasing the speed of the motor and reduce until round LED lights softly.
10. Wait until the green LED light, when it is green then press the ON button on
the voltage PLN (Button Green / ON). So already synchronous generator.

D. TEST RESULTS DATA

VOLTAGE FREQUENCY DIRECTIONS INDICATOR

RPM Generator PLN Generator PLN Generator PLN Before Sync
1500 380 V 380VV 50 hertz 50 hertz Right Right The On- Die
Off
Table 1. Data from experiments

E. DATA ANALYSIS
Based on the above experimental results:
1. Round rotor synchronous generator is 1500 RPM.
2. Voltage synchronous generators in the experiment was 380 volts.
3. PLN source voltage in these trials was 380 volts.
4. Frequency synchronous generators in the experiment is 50 hertz.
5. PLN frequency source in the experiment is 50 hertz.
6. Direction indicator lights polarity synchronous generator sequence is to the right.
7. Direction indicator lights polarity sequence PLN source is to the right.
8. Indicator lights before a synchronous condition is flame and then die and vice versa.
9. Indicator lights when sync is dead.
 Based on this analysis that this trial has been qualified in sync between a
synchronous generator and source of PLN ie have the same voltage, same frequency,
the same phase difference, and urutas the same phase.

F. CONCLUSION
Based on these trials can be concluded that:
1. Source voltage synchronous generator and PLN is the same, namely 380 volts.
2. Frequency synchronous generator and the resources are the same ie PLN 50 hertz.
3. The phase difference between the synchronous generator and PLN source is the
same which is marked with an indicator light that died as a synchronous condition.
4. Phase sequence between the synchronous generator and the same source, namely
PLN is characterized by the sequence polarity direction indicator lights to the right.

G. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. DeLorenzo, Electrical Power Enginering (Alternator and parallel operation GTU101.1 DL)
2. http://dunia-listrik.blogspot.com/2009/11/sinkronisasi.html
3. https://www.scribd.com/doc/151437254/Makalah-Sinkronisasi-Generator-pada-
Voltage-PLN-Nadia-Electrical-2A-docx
4. https://wimboharyoanindito.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/sinkronisasi-paralel-
generator/