Clonus is a series of involuntary, rhythmic,
CHAPTER 23 muscular contractions and
Neurologic terms (assignment)
Apathy is a lack of feeling, emotion,
interest, or concern about
something of great importance.
Apathy is a state of indifference, or
the suppression of emotions such
as concern, excitement,
motivation, or passion. ... The
apathetic may lack a sense of
purpose, worth, or meaning in their
life.
Euphoria Elevated mood. Euphoria is a
desirable and natural occurrence
when it results from happy or
exciting events. An excessive
degree of euphoria that is not
linked to events is characteristic of
hypomania or mania, abnormal
mood states associated with
bipolar disorders.
Hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body.
is a form of paralysis that affects
just one side of the body, often just
one arm and one leg, but
occasionally with symptoms
extending partially into the torso.
Hemiparesis is partial weakness on one side of
the body. Hemiparesis can affect
either the left or right side of the
body. The weakness may involve
the arms, hands, legs, face or a
combination. Hemiparesis is
weakness on one side of the body.
relaxations. Clonus is a sign of
certain neurological conditions,
particularly associated with upper
motor neuron lesions involving
descending motor pathways, and in
many cases is, accompanied by
spasticity (another form of
hyperexcitability)
Clonus is a neurological condition
that occurs when nerve cells that
control the muscles are damaged.
This damage causes involuntary
muscle contractions or spasms.
Hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or
absent reflexes (areflexia). It can
be tested for by using a reflex
hammer
Hyporeflexia refers to a condition in which your
muscles are less responsive to
stimuli. If your muscles don’t
respond at all to stimuli, this is
known as areflexia. Your muscles
may be so weak that you can’t do
everyday activities. This is the
opposite of hyperreflexia, in which
there’s an excessive amount of
muscular response
Stereognosis is the ability to recognize and
identify common objects through
tactile manipulation without the
use of visual cues. Conversely,
difficulty in recognizing items by
touch when primary sensory
modalities (e.g., pain, temperature,
and vibration) are intact is termed
 astereognosis or tactile object
agnosia.
Stereognosis is the ability to
discern the shape and qualities of
an object by using only tactile
information.
Graphesthesia is the ability of the patient to
identify characters that are written
on the skin using a dull pointed
object.
Graphesthesia is the ability to
recognize writing on the skin
purely by the sensation of touch.
Hyperalgesia is an abnormally increased
sensitivity to pain, which may be
caused by damage to nociceptors
or peripheral nerves and can cause
hypersensitivity to stimulus.
hy·per·es·the·sia excessive physical sensitivity,
especially of the skin.
Hyperesthesia is an increase in the
sensitivity of any of your senses,
such as sight, sound, touch, and
smell. It can affect just one or all
of the senses. Often, the
heightening of an individual sense
is referred to by a separate name.
hyp·es·the·sia a diminished capacity for physical
sensation, especially of the skin.
an·os·mi·a the loss of the sense of smell,
either total or partial. It may be
caused by head injury, infection, or
blockage of the nose.
A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled
electrical disturbance in the brain.
It can cause changes in your
behavior, movements or feelings,
and in levels of consciousness. If
you have two or more seizures or a
tendency to have recurrent
seizures, you have epilepsy.
Aura: A sensation perceived by a
patient that precedes a condition
affecting the brain. An aura often
occurs before a migraine or
seizure. It may consist of flashing
lights, a gleam of light, blurred
vision, an odor, the feeling of a
breeze, numbness, weakness, or
difficulty in speaking..
paresthesia. : a sensation of
pricking, tingling, or creeping on
the skin having no objective cause
and usually associated with injury
or irritation of a sensory nerve or
nerve root.
Tinnitus is the perception of noise
or ringing in the ears.
Dysarthria is a condition in which
the muscles you use for speech are
weak or you have difficulty
controlling them. Dysarthria often
is characterized by slurred or slow
speech that can be difficult to
understand.
Dysphasia: One in a group of
speech disorders in which there is
impairment of the power of
expression by speech, writing, or
signs, or impairment of the power
of comprehension of spoken or
written language.
 Fasciculation: Involuntary
contractions or twitchings of
groups of muscle
fibers.Fasciculations can occur in
normal individuals without an
associated disease or condition, or
as a result of illness, such as
muscle cramps, nerve diseases, and
metabolic imbalances.
Tremor is an unintentional,
rhythmic muscle movement
involving to-and-fro movements
(oscillations) of one or more parts
of the body
Myoclonus It refers to sudden, involuntary
jerking of a muscle or group of
muscles.