Summary / Abstract

The motivation behind this experiment is to research the tappet motion of different
cam profiles which are constant acceleration cam and circular cam. In our experiment
constant acceleration cam and circular cam were utilized. Flat followers were utilized
with the cam to examine diverse sort of effects and to acquire the estimations
required.

A cam is characterized as a machine component having curved diagram or a curved

section, which by its oscillation or rotation movement, gives a predefined movement
to another component called the follower. Cams are significant function in machine
working components particularly automatic sorts, for example, motors, gear-cutting
machines, material machine and printing presses. Inside a specific point of
confinement a desired motion could be obtained by a suitable cam profile.

We completed our experiment by utilizing two unique kinds of cam which are the
constant acceleration cam and circular cam with flat follower. Both cam utilized flat
follower to give out the displacement recorded. The apparatus that were utilized is the
cam and tappet gadget with individual followers and cam furnished with dial
indicator.

The outcomes acquired from the analysis were classified into a few tables. The
acceleration and velocity of every cam were determined utilizing the equations given.
The graph for displacement against angle were plotted for each cam. The speed and
increasing speed graph were likewise plotted for every cam. Further discussion of the
experiment were clarified in the discussion segment.

From our experiment we discovered that the tappet motion for the constant
acceleration cam was comparable profiles as displayed by the theoretical plotting yet
the tappet movement for the circular cam as a slight variety to the exhibited
theoretical plotting because of some errors.
Objectives

The objectives of this experiment are:

1. To compare the throw or profile of two types of cams, Circular Cam and
Constant Acceleration Cam, with one type of follower, flat follower

2. To compare the velocity profile of two cams, Circular Cam and Constant
Acceleration Cam

3. To compare the acceleration profile of two types of cam, Circular Cam and
Constant Acceleration Cam
Theory
A Cam is known as a machine component having a curved outline or a curved groove,
which, by its oscillation or rotation motion, gives a predetermined indicated
movement to another component called the follower. Follower is the connection that
contacts the cam.

Constant Acceleration Cam

Concerning Constant acceleration motion the velocity increases at a uniform rate

during the first half of the movement and diminishes at a uniform rate during the
second 50% of the movement. The acceleration is consistent and positive all through
the primary portion of the movement, and is steady and negative during the time half.
This sort of motion gives the follower the littlest estimation of maximum acceleration
along the way of motion. In fast apparatus this is especially significant in view of the
powers that are required to create the increasing velocities. In this way, a curve which
meets these necessities is depicted by the equation :-

y 2  4ax

If we let x go from 0 to 20 while θ is 00 to 1800, then let y = 1 when θ = 150. We know

that at θ = 900, x = 10 and thus y = 6. From the equation of parabola, we obtain:-

36
a  0.9
40

y2
x
Thus, 3.6

The follower travel is thus:-

   2 
x    / 3.6
0° to 90°,  15  
  180    2 
x  20    / 3.6
91° to 180°,  15  

   180  2 
x  20    / 3.6
181° to 270°,  15  

 360    2 
x    / 3.6
271° to 360°,  15  

Harmonic Cam

Lift, X  R1 cos  in mm

Velocity, v  R sin   in m/sec.

Acceleration, a   2 R cos   in m/s2

Where R = radius from the camshaft center to center of curvature

= 10 mm.

ω = angular velocity in rad/sec.

 θ = angle in degrees from start of lift for flank values or from
end of lift for nose values.

Circular Cam

Both harmonic and constant acceleration cams are almost circular in form. So a true
circular cam with the same throw is included for comparison.

Theoretical throw for a true circular cam

Conclusion

From the experiment we can be sure that our primary objectives of the experiment has
been accomplished. We have found that the tappet movement for both cam used was
found to show the equivalent profiles as shown by the theoretical plotting of each
cam. Regardless of the way that there might be relative mistakes between the
theoretical and estimation values, it doesn't impact the general consequence of the
profiles got. It was furthermore found that the flat follower produced an expected
result.

The circular cam and constant acceleration cam were found to have different
characteristics. Although the profiles of the circular and constant acceleration cam did
not show any enormous differences, but the velocity and acceleration of these profiles
shows there is a slight change. The circular cam has a rapid velocity changes and
similar acceleration than the constant acceleration cam which instead exhibits a much
slower velocity changes but achieved slightly higher velocity than the circular cam.
References

[1] MEMB 331 Machine Design and CAD Lab. Manual, October
2015, version 4, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Tenaga Nasional University.
[2] Machine Design (2016). Mechanical Engineering. Accessed on 10th Nov
2018. Available http://www.academia.edu
Procedure

1. Constant Acceleration Cam with Flat Follower were attached to the cam and
tappet measuring device.

2. After placing the required cam onto the stud, the dial indicator stem was
allowed to touch the cam profile

3. The dial indicator was set to zero on the circular scale.

4. For every 10 degrees of movement of the dial indicator, the reading was taken,

5. Step 4 was carried out again until it gain one complete revolution.

6. The steps from 1 to 5 were repeated with Circular Cam and the reading was
recorded.
Equipment and Apparatus

1) Cam and Tappet measuring device with Dial indicator attached

2) Constant Acceleration Cam
3) Circular Cam
4) Flat Follower

Constant Acceleration Cam with Flat Follower

Figure 1