MACHINE DYNAMICS LAB MANUAL

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Amrita School of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Amritapuri Campus

Machine Dynamics Lab - 1 (MEC390)

 DETAILS OF THE EQUIPMENTS

Sl No Name Of Equipment Quantity Date of Purchase Cost (Rs.)

1 Motorised Gyroscope 1 05/06/2006 16,650

2 Universal Governor 1 05/06/2006 20,350

3 Cam Analysis Machine 1 05/06/2006 18,500

4 Whirling of Shaft 1 05/06/2006 18,500

Apparatus

5 Static and Dynamic 1 05/06/2006 17,000

Balancing Apparatus

6 Turn Table Apparatus 1 05/06/2006 27,600

7 Universal Vibration 1 05/06/2006 54,113

Machine

8 Coriolis Component of 1 05/06/2006 64,400

Acceleration Apparatus

9 Epicyclic Gear Train & 1 05/06/2006 60,000

Holding Torque Device

10 Vibration Platform 1 05/06/2006 82,300

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Experiment No:
Date :

GYROSCOPE
Aim :
Determination of gyroscopic couple is as shown in figure. The motor is coupled to the disc. which is
balanced. The disc shaft rotates about the X-X' axis in the two ball bearings housed in the frame no. 1.
This frame can swing about the Y-Y' axis in bearings provided in the yoke type frame no. 2. In the steady
position, frame no. 1 is balanced by providing a weight pan provided on the opposite side of the motor.
The Yoke frame is free to rotate about the Z-Z vertical axis. Thus freedom of rotation about three
perpendicular axes is given to the rotor.

Specification :
Driving motor: DC, FHP, 6000 rpm.

Technical Details :
Distance of the weight from the centre of the disc, L = 20.4 cm
Moment of inertia of the disc. coupling and motor rotor, = 0.786 kg cm 2

Procedure :
Balance the rotor on the horizontal frame. Start the motor by increasing the voltage with the auto
transformer and wait until it attains a constant speed. Measure the speed by means of a tachometer. Put a
weight in the weight pan. The vertical yoke precesses about the Z—Z' axis. Note the time taken for
precession through 600 . Repeat the procedure three of four times.

Observation Table :
Case 1:
Sl No Weight, Kg Speed, rpm Angle of Time required Angular
Gyroscopic
(W) (N) precision for precision velocity of
Couple
(s) Precision
(Nm)
(ω p, rad/s)

1 0.2 1300 20° 11.69 0.02986 3.195×10−4

2 0.5 1300 20° 5.65 0.06178 6.763×10−4

3 1.0 1300 20° 4.46 0.07826 8.378×10−4

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

 Time Angular
Angular
Sl Weight, Speed, Angle of required for velocity of Gyroscopic
velocity
No Kg (W) rpm (N) precision precision Precision Couple (Nm)
(ω)
(s) (ω p, rad/s)

1 0.5 522 20° 2.5 54.664 0.13962 6.015×10−4

2 0.5 940 20° 3.15 98.44 0.11081 8.5734×10−4

3 0.5 1240 20° 4.2 129.85 0.08311 8.482×10−4

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

 Calculation :
Angular velocity of the disc, ω = 2πN/60
Angular velocity of precision of yoke, ω p = dθ/dt
Gyroscopic Couple, T = I. ω. ω p
Also T = W × L

Sample Calculation :

Result and Inference :

Mass vs angle of precession and angular velocity of disc vs angle of precession have been plotted and the
corresponding gyroscopic couples have been found.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Experiment No:
Date:

HARTNELL GOVERNOR
Aim :

Studying speed vs sleeve displacement of the Governor

Description:
This apparatus has been designed to study various types of governors normally used to control the speed. It
consists of a small FHP drive motor to drive governor spindle. The apparatus is designed to exhibit the
characteristics of the spring loaded and dead weight type governor. A variable speed drive is provided to vary
the speed of the spindle. A graduated scale is provided to measure the displacement of sleeves in vertical
direction. The Hartnell governor provides means of varying spring weight and initial compression level and
mass of rotating weight.This enables the Hartnell Governor to operate as a stable or unstable Governor.

Procedure :
The governor mechanism under test is fitted with the chosen rotating weights and spring. Connect the motor to
the speed control unit using a four way cable provided. Switch on the supply. Increase the speed slowly until the
centre sleeve rises off the lower stop and aligns with the first division on the graduated scale. Record the sleeve
position and speed. Increase the speed in the steps to have suitable sleeve movements, and note down the
displacement and speed accordingly throughout the range of sleeve movement possible.

The result may be plotted as curves of speed Vs sleeve. displacement. Further tests are carried out changing the
values of one variable at a time to produce a family of curves

Observation table :

Sl
Speed-N (rpm) Sleeve displacement-X (cm) Radius of rotation (mm) Force (N)
No.

1 310 1.5 164.782 260.482

2 340 1.8 166.739 317.0487
358.256
3 360 2 168.0435

4 408 2.5 171.304 469.07

Calculations :

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

 Dimensions

a) Length a = 75mm

b) Length b = 115mm

c) Weight of each ball assembly = 0.75kg

d) Initial radius of rotation, r0 = 155mm

e) Spring Stiffness -p-

f) Free height of spring = 103mm

g) Weight of sleeve = 1.72kg

r = r0 + (a/b) X
ω = N/30
Force F= (W/g) ω 2.r

Sample Calculation :

Results and Inference :

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

As angular velocity increases, sleeve displacement increases. Therefore angular velocity and sleeve
displacement are directly proportional to each other.

As centrifugal force increases, sleeve displacement increases. Therefore centrifugal force and sleeve
displacement are directly proportional to each other.

Angular velocity vs sleeve displacement and centrifugal force vs sleeve displacement were plotted and it was
observed that angular velocity and centrifugal force are directly proportional to sleeve displacement.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Experiment No:
Date:

CAM ANALYSIS MACHINE

Description :
The machine is a motorised unit consisting of a camshaft driven by a D.C. Motor. The Shaft runs in a double
ball bearing. At the end of the camshaft a cam can easily be mounted. As the follower is properly guided in gun
metal bushes and the type of the follower can be changed to suit the cam under test. A graduated circular
protector is fitted coaxially with the shaft and a dial gauge can be fitted to note the follower displacement for the
angle of cam rotation. A spring is used to provide controlling force to the system. Weights on the follower rod
can be adjusted as per the requirements. An arrangement is provided to vary the speed of the camshaft.
The machine is particularly very useful for testing the cam performance for jump phenomenon during
operation. This machine clearly shows the effect of change of inertia forces on jump action of cam follower
during the operation. It is used for testing various cam and follower pairs, i.e. i) Circular arc cam with
mushroom follower, 2) Tangent cam with roller follower, and 3) An eccentric cam with knife edge follower.

Assembly :

The unit is provided with the push rod in two bush bearings. The same unit is to be used for the flat face and
roller follower. While assembling the unit following precautions should be taken.

1) The horizontality of the upper and tower glands should be checked by spirit level.
2) The supporting pillars should be properly tightened with the lock nuts.

Specifications :
A) The following Types of cams are supplied along with the unit -
a) Circular Arc Cam, b) Eccentric Cam, c) Tangent Cam.
B) Three Types of followers are supplied with the unit -
a) Mushroom Follower, b) Roller Follower, c) Knife Edge Follower.
C) Compression Springs -
Two springs are provided. The approx. stiffness is 4.5 Kg/Cm and 5.5 Kg/Cm, for the bigger and smaller
spring respectively.
D) Weights -
a) One set of three weights is provided. All the weights have a central hole so that they can be
accomodated in the push rod. Total weight provided is 1600 gms.
b) The weights of the reciprocating parts are as follows -
i) Push rod with lock nut.
ii) Rest plate and two lock nuts - 784 gms.
iii) Spring seat and lock nut.
iv) Weight of spring - 20 gms. (1/3 of the spring weight is to be taken as reciprocating weight. )
v) Roller Follower - 294 gms
vi) Mushroom Follower - 136 gms
vii) Knife Edge Follower - 108 gms

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Working Instructions :

For good performance of the cam testing machine, the instructions given below should be followed. It is
required to observe strict adherence to these instructions to obtain good working of the machine.

1. Lubrication: It is imperative, that to minimise the sliding forces at the two bearing surfaces,
lubrication is must. Before starting, continuous supply of oil should be provided, The cam to be
lubricated by Oil before starting.
2. Starting & Stopping:
a. See that instruction given in 1) above is observed.
b.
i. Select a suitable cam & follower combination. Fix the cam on the driving shaft. Fix
the follower on the push rod and property tighten the check nut, such that knife edge
of the follower or axis of roller follower is parallel to the axis of the camshaft.
ii. Give required initial compression to the spring. In order that initial compression is
not lost during operation, the check nut is to be tightened against the spring seat.
iii. Choose a suitable amount of weights to be added to the follower. Weights with
central hole can be inserted from the top end of the push rod. A rest plate for weights
should be firstly screwed to the lowest position, tightened against it, so that there
will be no loosening of the rest plate after adding required weights. Tighten the
second nut from the top to secure the weights tightly to the push rod.
c. See that the knob of dimmerstat is at zero position.
d. Now switch on the supply and increase the speed of the motor gradually with the help of
dimmerstat. Do not operate the control vigorously.

Experiments :

1. To Plot n - θ (follower displacement Vs. angle of cam rotation). curve for different cam follower
pairs. The n - θ plot can be used to find out the velocity and acceleration of the following system.
For this experiment, arrange the setup as shown in fig. 1. The exact profile of the cam be obtained by
taking observations n vs θ. Where n = displacement of the follower from rotation initial position and
θ = angle of cam rotation with reference from axis of symmetry chosen. By differentiating the n - θ
curve once and twice, the velocity and acceleration curves can be plotted for the follower and cam
under study.
2. Speed - To observe the phenomenon of jump. For this use of a stroboscope (not included in scope of
supply) is necessary. The speed of cam rotation and stroboscope frequency on neon lamps are
gradually and simultaneously increased and at the time jump to occur the follower is seen to lose
contact with the cam. When jump occurs the follower pounds on the cam surface giving a good
thumping sound.

Upward inertia force = Downward retaining force.

W .ω 2 . r
=(W + S)
g

This is the equilibrium of force equation when the jump wili just start where
W = Follower assembly weight
S = Spring force.
ω = Angular velocity of cam.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

 r = Distance according to geometry of cam.

3. To study the effect of follower assembly weight on the jump speed when spring force is kept constant.
To study this effect keep the initial spring compression at a certain level and observe jump speed for
different follower weights by adding successively and plot the graph of follower weights Vs. Jump
speed. (See graph No. 1)

( ( W + S ) . g)
ω=
√ (W . r)

This relation shows that as the follower weights increases the jump speed goes on decreasing.

4. To study the effect of spring compression on the jump speed with constant follower weight. To study
this keep the follower assembly weight the same and go on observing the jump speed for various sets of
initial spring compression and plot graph of spring force Vs. jump speed. (See graph 2)

Formulae used:

ds
Follower velocity, v= ×ω
dθ

dv
Follower acceleration a= ×ω
dθ

da
Follower jerk j= ×ω
dθ

Assuming ω=1 rad /s , s−¿follower displacement

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

 Test Result

Angle of CAM rotation Follower Follower Follower Follower

(degree) Displacement(mm) velocity acceleration Jerk
0 0
10 0.08 0.458373919
20 0.19 0.630264138 0.984874918
13.1670284
30 0.4 1.203231536 3.282916393
5
5.64301219
40 0.74 1.948089154 4.267791312
3
1.88100406
50 1.22 2.750243511 4.596082951
4
-
60 1.6 2.177276113 -3.282916393 45.1440975
4
43.2630934
70 2.11 2.922133731 4.267791312
8
-
80 2.6 2.807540251 -0.656583279 28.2150609
7
5.64301219
90 3.1 2.864836991 0.328291639
3
-
100 3.52 2.406463072 -2.626333115 16.9290365
8
33.8580731
110 4.04 2.97943047 3.282916393
6
-
120 4.47 2.463759812 -2.954624754 35.7390772
2
-
130 4.76 1.661605455 -4.596082951 9.40502032
2
5.64301219
140 4.94 1.031341317 -3.611208033
3
16.9290365
150 5.1 0.916747837 -0.656583279
8
5.06353E-
160 5.24 0.802154357 -0.656583279
13
-
170 5.29 0.286483699 -2.954624754 13.1670284
5
7.52401625
180 5.29 0 -1.641458197
7
-
190 5.22 -0.401077179 -2.298041475 3.76200812
9

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

 -
200 5.02 -1.145934796 -4.267791312 11.2860243
9
11.2860243
210 4.75 -1.547011975 -2.298041475
9
18.8100406
220 4.51 -1.375121756 0.984874918
4
-
230 4.13 -2.177276113 -4.596082951 31.9770690
9
16.9290365
240 3.7 -2.463759812 -1.641458197
8
3.76200812
250 3.24 -2.635650032 -0.984874918
9
-
260 2.64 -3.437804389 -4.596082951 20.6910447
1
88.4071910
270 2.37 -1.547011975 10.8336241
2
-
280 1.97 -2.291869593 -4.267791312 86.5261869
6
28.2150609
290 1.59 -2.177276113 0.656583279
7
-
300 1.2 -2.234572853 -0.328291639 5.64301219
3
11.2860243
310 0.86 -1.948089154 1.641458197
9
-
320 0.54 -1.833495674 0.656583279 5.64301219
3
13.1670284
330 0.31 -1.317825016 2.954624754
5
-
340 0.14 -0.974044577 1.969749836 5.64301219
3
-
350 0.02 -0.687560878 1.641458197 1.88100406
4
9.40502032
360 0 -0.11459348 3.282916393
2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri
 Resu
lt and Inference:

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

The plots of follower displacement, follower velocity, follower acceleration and follower jerk have been
plotted with respect to the angle of cam rotation.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Experiment No:
Date:

WHIRLING OF SHAFT APPARATUS

Aim :

To find the critical speed of a shaft for a given end condition

Description :

The apparatus consist of a frame to support the driving motor, end fixing blocks, etc. At the motor end and at
the tail end different end conditions can be developed by using different fixing blocks. End block with self
aligned bearing is used to obtain supported end. Block with double bearing is used to obtain fixed end
condition.

Specifications :
Driving motor: DC, 1/6 hp, 6000 rpm.

Technical Data :
Shaft details

Sl. No. Shaft Dia Shaft length Moment of Weight per cm, W
cm cm Inertia, I length
cm⁴ Kg/cm

1 0.4 cm 90 cm 25.39 ×10−4 0.15×10−2

2 0.6 cm 90 cm 79.91×10−4 0.28×10−2

3 0.8 cm 90 cm 194.78×10−4 0.424×10−2

Procedure :
Fix the shaft tightly between the two ends provided. Start the motor and increase the speed gradually. At a
certain speed a violent instability will occur. The shaft will deflect in to a single bow and whirling round like a
skipping rope. If we further increase the speed the shaft will become straighten and run true until at another

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high speed the same phenomenon will occur the deflection now however being double bow. Measure the rpm of
the shaft for the second mode. Reduce the speed to get the first mode and note the rpm. Repeat the process for
three or four times.

Observation Table :

Sl. No First mode speed First mode Second mode Second mode
N1 (rpm) frequency f1 speed N2 (rpm) frequency f2

1 925 15.41 3180 53

Calculations :

Theoretical frequency of vibration for various nodes is given by the equation

E.I .g

Where L = Length of the shaft in cm

f¿ k ×
√ W L4

E = Young’s modulus in Kg/cm2

g = acceleration due to gravity in cm/s2

Value of k :
Value of k
End condition
First mode Second mode

Supported, Supported 1.57 6.28

Fixed, Supported 2.45 9.80

Fixed, Fixed 3.56 14.24

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Sample Calculations :

Result and Inference:

The theoretical first and second mode frequency were found to be 11.281Hz and 45.12Hz, while the
experimental first and second mode frequency were 15.41Hz and 53Hz. The percentage deviation was found
using the theoretical and experimental mode frequencies.

Experiment No:
Date :

COMPOUND PENDULUM

Aim :
i ) To determine the radius of gyration ‘k’ of given pendulum,
ii) To verify the relation

k 2 +OG2
T =2 π
√
g(OG )
Where T = Periodic time in sec.
k = Radius of gyration about the C.G. in cm.
OG = Distance of C.C. of the rod from support.
L = Length of suspended pendulum.

Description Of Set Up :

(Refer Fig.2)
The compound pendulum of a steel bar. The bar is supported by the knife edge. Two pendulums of different
lengths are provided with the set-up.

Procedure :

1. Support the rod on the knife edge.

2. Note the length of the suspended pendulum and determine OG.
3. Allow the bar to oscillate and determine T by knowing the time for say 10 oscillations,
4. Repeat the experiment with different lengths of suspension.
5. Complete the observation table given below.

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Observation Table :

Sr L (cm) OG (cm) No of osc, n  Time for osc Texp (s) Kexp Ktheoretical
No. (s)

1 80 40 10 14.82 1.482 0.2414 0.2309

7

2 60 30 10 12.76 1.276 0.1771 0.1732

3

Calculations -

I. Find k experimental from relation -

k 2 +OG2
T =2 π
√ g(OG )

II. Substituting for OG and T in above formula find k Experimental.

L
Ktheoretical =
2√ 3
Compare values of k obtained theoretical and experimental.

Result and Inference:

The theoretical and experimental values of radius of gyration have been calculated and compared.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri
Experiment No :
Date :

LONGITUDINAL VIBRATIONS

Title :
To study the longitudinal vibrations of helical spring and to determine the frequency or period of vibration
(oscillation) theoretically and actually by experiment.

Description :

(Ref.Fig. No.4)
One end of the open coil spring is fixed to a screw which engages with a screwed handle wheel. The screw can
be adjusted vertically in any convenient position and then clamped to the upper beam by means of lock nut.
Lower end of the spring is attached to the platform carrying the weights. The platform is guided in the lower
beam. The whole unit can be clamped at any horizontal position by using upper and tower clamping nuts.

Procedure :

1. Fix one end of the helical spring to the upper screw.

2. Determine free length.
3. Put some weight on the platform and note down the deflection.
4. Stretch the spring through some distance and release.
5. Count the time required in Sec. for say 10, 20 oscillations.
6. Determine the actual period.
7. Repeat the procedure for different weights.

Observations :

1. Length of spring -110mm

2. Mean dia. Of spring-34mm
3. Wire dia-2.30mm

Observation Table -1 for finding km (stiffness)

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 Sl No Wt. attached, Kg Deflection of Spring, Cm Stiffness, K

1 0 0 -

2 0.5 2.8 175.1785

3 1 3.6 272.5

Observation Table 2

Sl.No Wt. attached, Kg No of osc, n Time req for n osc, ‘t’ Periodic time T = t/n

1 0.5 10 3.11 0.311

2 1 10 3.16 0.316

Calculations :

1. Find Km (mean stiffness) of the spring as following:

k 1+ k 2 +k 3
Km=
n

w1 w w
Where k 1= , k 2= 2 , k 3= 3
d1 d2 d3

2. Find T theoretical by using relation-

W
Ttheoretical=2 π
√ Km . g

t
3. Check with experimental value of T expt ¿
n
Hence, f, theoretical = 1/T(theo) cps
F, experimental = 1/T(expt) cps

Result and Inference:

The theoretical and experimental values of frequency of longitudinal vibration of the helical
spring were calculated and compared.

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 Fig: 4

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Experiment No:
Date:

SINGLE ROTOR SHAFT SYSTEM

Aim :
To study the Torsional Vibrations (Undamped) of Single Rotor Shaft System.

Description :
The figure shows the general arrangement for carrying out the experiments. One end of the shaft is gripped in
the chuck & heavy flywheel free to rotate in ball bearing is fixed at the other end of the shaft. The bracket with
fixed end of the shaft can be clamped at any convenient position along the lower beam. Thus length of the shaft
can be varied during the experiments. The ball bearing support to the flywheel provides negligible damping
during the experiment. The bearing housing is fixed to the side member of the main frame.

Procedure :
1. Fix the bracket at a convenient position along the lower beam.
2. Grip one end of the bracket by chuck.
3. Fix the rotor on the other end of the shaft.
4. Twist the rotor through some angle and release.
5. Note down the time required for 10, 20 oscillations.
6. Repeat the procedure for different lengths of the shaft.
7. Make the following observations:
a. Shaft Dia.-3 mm
b. Dia. of Disc.- 225 mm
c. Wt. of the disc- 2.810 kg
d. Modulus of the rigidity for shaft - 0.8 x 106 kg/cm2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Observation Table :

Sr.No Length of the Shaft- L cm No of Osc.n Time for n Osc. Periodic Time
T=t/n(expt,)

1 34 5 1.61 0.322

Calculations :

1. Determination of Torsional Stiffness kt

G . Ip
kt =
L
Where L= length of the shaft
lp=Polar M.I. of shaft = πd4/32
d= Dia. of shaft.
G= Modulus of rigidity of shaft. = 0.8 x 106 kg/cm2

2. Determine T theoretical

w D 2
T =2 π
√ kt

Where I= M.I. of disc= .

g 8

3. Determine T Experimental(seconds)
Time for nOsc .
T=
No of Osc . n

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Results :

Sr.N Length of shaft Kt T(Theo,) T(Exp.) Secs. F(Theo.)Hz. F(Exp.)Hz

o Secs.

1 0.34 1.83447 0.61843 0.322 1.617 3.1056

Conclusions :

1
F theo = =1.617 Hz
T theo

1
Fexp .= =3.1056 Hz
Texp.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Experiment No:
Date :

MOMENT OF INERTIA OF DISC AND RING

Aim :
To find the moment of inertia of a disc and a ring.

Description :
A turntable is fixed on a channel frame as shown in figure. A wire cord is wrapped around the drum. This cord
further passes through two pulleys and a weight pan is attached to the other end.

Technical Data :

1. Turntable assembly with drum fitted in bearing block

2. Diameter of Drum, 2r = 140 mm

3. Weight of the disc, md = 4.4 Kg

4. Diameter of the disc, 2rd = 250 mm

5. Weight of the ring, mr = 1.6 Kg

6. Outer diameter of the ring, 2rr1 = 250 mm

7. Inner diameter of the ring, 2rr2 = 200 mm

Procedure :
For taking the readings of turn table without specimens.
Attach a wire cord to the weight pan, as shown in figure. Add weight in the weight pan. Rotate the turntable in
such a fashion that the weight pan moves upward and hold the table when the point of the weight pan reaches
at the mark made on the angle frame (hi). ALWAYS ROTATE THE DRUM IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY
WHILE TAKING THE READING. Now release the turntable and the weight will move downwards. Note the
time taken from the beginning to the point when the drum changes the direction of rotation. Also note the
position of the weight pan (h2) at this point. Repeat this procedure 3-5 times and obtain the mean time.
For taking the readings of turntable with a disc.
Fix the specimen disc on the turntable and follow the same procedure as mentioned above.
For taking the readings of turntable with a ring.
Fix the specimen ring on the turntable and follow the same procedure as mentioned above

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri

Observation table:
Turntable

Sl.No Weight on Pan h1 h2 Time

(Kg) (cm) (cm) (s)

1 0.5 74 19.5 2.09

Turntable with disc

Sl.No Weight on Pan h1 h2 Time

(Kg) (cm) (cm) (s)

1 0.5 73 21 2.51

Turntable with ring

Sl.No Weight on Pan h1 h2 Time

(Kg) (cm) (cm) (s)

1 0.5 74 22 3.45

Calculations :

1 2
h¿ Ut + 2 a t
Initial velocity, U = 0
2h1
Acceleration, a=
t2
a
Angular acceleration of the drum, α =
r
Tension in the cord, T =m×(g−a)
Where m is the weight in the pan
The torque produced by the cord on the system is given by, τc ¿ T × r
( h1−h 2)
The average frictional torque during the course of the motion, τ f ¿ mgr
(h 1+ h 2)

τ c −τ f
I
Moment of inertia, exp ¿
α
Idiscs = Itable with disc - Itable
Iring = Itable with ring - Itable

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 Theoretical expression for the moment of inertia for the disc and ring are
1
Idiscs ¿ mdrd2
2
1
Iring ¿ mr (rr12+rr22)
2

Results and Inference:

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri