Bi

otechnol
ogySt
rengt
henonBi
omedi
calSci
enceandVet
eri
nar
yMedi
cine 1

TheVet
eri
nar
yMedi
cineI
nter
nat
ional
Conf
erence

Pr
eser
vat
ionEf
fectofGr Epi
ouper( nephel
ussp)Fi
l
letAgai
nst
Sur
viv
alofAni
saki
dae

Har
tant
oM.Rahar
jo1,
Set
iawanKoesdaro2,
t A.TSoel
i
hEst
oepangest
ie3and
KusumaWar dhani D4
L.
1
Postgraduat estudent,
Veter
inaryScience,Facul
tyofVet erinar
yMedi cine,Uni
versit
asAirl
angga,Surabaya,60115,Indonesi
a
2
Lecturer
, DepartementofParasit
ologyVeteri
ner,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,Univ
ersit
asAir
langga,Surabaya,60115,
Indonesia
3
Lecturer,
Depar tementofVeteri
naryPubl i
cHealth,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,Uni
versi
tasAir
langga,Surabaya,60115,
Indonesia
4
Postgraduat
estudent,ScienceofDiseaseandVet eri
naryPubl i
cHealth,Facult
yofVeteri
naryMedi ci
ne,
Univer
sit
asAi r
langga, Sur
abaya, 60115,I
ndonesia

Abst
ract

Thisst udywasai medt odeterminet heeffectoftimeandpr eser vati

onmet hodt hatthemostef fect iv
e
i
nki ll
i
ngl arvaeAni sakidae,andst i
l
l beablet omai ntainthequal i
typost -
preservat ionoff i
ll
etf
rom three
groups,combi nat i
onofpi ckli
ngwi thheat i
ng( 50°Cand75° C) ;pickli
ngwi thcool i
ng( i
ceanddr yi ce);
andpi cklingwi thsal ti
ng( drysalti
ngandbr i
nesal ti
ng).Thisst udywasal abor atoryexperi
ment al
researchcar r
iedouti nf ourphases,phasei dent
ificati
on,preserv ati
on,organol eptictestandpr ot ei
n
test.Ther esultscanbeconcl udedt hatthet i
meofpr eservati
onandpr eservationmet hodsaff
ectt he
survivalofani saki dael arv
ae.Themostef fect
iveheat ing met hod pr eservat ion to killt
hel arvae
Anisaki daewasheat i
ngatt emper atureof75° Ccompar edt o50° C,forcool ingt heuseofdr yicei s
mor eef fectiv
et hani ce,andf ormet hodsofsal tingwi th25% concent rati
on,br i
nesal ti
nganddr y
salt
ingef fectivei nki l
l
inglarvaeAni sakidae,Theef f
ectoft hemet hodpr eserv at i
onf orthequalit
yof
fi
ll
etsi nor ganolept icteststi
llconsideredadequat eandst il
lcanbeaccept edbyt hepubl i
c.Asfort he
proteint estasl ightdecl ineoft hef
ill
etqualitypost-preservati
on.

Key
wor
d:Pr
eser
vat
ion;
Fil
l
etofGr
ouper
;Lar
vaAni
saki
dae

thedepl oy
mentAni saki
asistimepr ocessingand
preservati
onmet hodsoff ishhasal sobecome
1.I
ntr
oduct
ion oneoft hemainf actorsthatbecomei mpor t
ant
i
ssues. There ar e many pr efer met hod of
Oneoft
heseri
ousdi
seasesthatzoonoti
cin preservi
ng food t hatcan ki llthe larv ae of
humans fr
om eati
ng r
aw fish i
s Anisaki
asi
s Anisaki
dae,butnotnecessar i
l
yt hemet hodi s
causedbyAni
saki
ssp( Adamsetal.,1997).I
n effect
iveinki
ll
ingt helarvae,andnotal lmet hods
2 Bi
otechnol
ogySt
rengt
henonBi
omedi
calSci
enceandVet
eri
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yMedi
cine

takeat tent i
ont ot hequal ityoft hepr oduct st hat depl oy ment pr ocess Ani saki dae. Accor ding
hav egonet hrought hepr ocessofpr eser vation, Arifudi n and Nur ul( 2013)t he pr ev alence of
sot hatneedst obedoneat estt oanal yzet he i
nf ect edgr ouperf ishl arvaeAni saki daeobt ained
effectoft imeoneachmet hodsofpr eser vation, i
nTPIBr ondong,Lamongan,EastJav ar eached
thatcoul df indt hemostef fect iv emet hodst oki l
l 100% oral mostbesai dt hatt hegr ouperi nTPI
l
ar vaeAni saki daeandst illbeabl et omai ntain Brondong,Lamongan al way si nf est ed by t he
thequal i
tyoft hepr oduct . l
arv aeAni saki dae.Thi si si nl i
newi thMaghgr abi
Ani saki asi si sani nf ect ionduet ol ar valgenus etal( 2010)whi chst atedt hat100% ofgr ouper
Ani saki sspandPseudot erranov aspi nhumans obt ainedf rom t heRedSeai sal soi nf ectedby
that can cause al l
er gic r eact ions i nclude Ani saki ssp.Becauseoft hehi ghpr ev alenceand
urticaria,anaphy laxi s,der mat itis,gast roent er i
tis, dangerofzoonosi s ofAni saki dae gr ouper ,it
unt i
lt hesy mpt omsofast hma( Bircheretal . woul dr equi re a good handl i
ng t oi mpl ement
2000) ,whent hei nfect i
onAni saki asi sappear12- foodsaf etyandf oodqual ityt ot hesea- based
24hour saf tereat ingf ishr aw orunder cooked, food pr oduct ion,especi al l
yt he pr oduct i
on of
the r eact ions t hatoccurar e epi gast r i
c pai n fi
ll
etf rom f ishgr ouper .
accompani ed by nausea and v omi ting. Onesol utioncoul dbet oobt ainassur anceon
Meanwhi le, when t he i nf ect i
on occur red foodsaf etyandf oodqual ityf rom gr ouperf ish
appr oxi mat ely7day saf tert hel ar v aeent er,then fi
ll
eti susi ngef fectivepr eser vationt echni ques.
ther eact iont hatar isesi ssev erepai ni nt he Some of t he usual met hod f or use i n
l
ower abdomen, nausea, v omi ti
ng, f ev er, preser vat i
on i s pi ckling,heat ing,cool ing,and
diar r
heaandsomet imest her ei sbl oodi nt he salting.Pi cklingi sknownt omai ntai nt hequal it
y
stool ,t he i nf ect ion ofl ar vae occur si nt he oft hef ishmeat , buthadnoef f
ectonAni saki dae
b
i
nt estine( Or tegaand Cocer a,2000) .I n 1968, (FDA, 2015) .Becauseofi t,pickl ingcanbeused
Ani saki asi sf irstr epor ted i n humans i n 160 as a combi ned pr eser v e f or t he ot her
casesf oundi nt heNet her lands,t heni n1976,i n preser vat i
on met hod. The next met hod i s
Japanwi th487cases.Ani saki asi smostcases heat ing,accor dingt oAdamsetal( 1999)t he
arecausedbyAni saki ssi mpl exandt her esti s temper atureof50oC-75oCi naf ew mi nut esi s
Pseudot er ranov asp.( AchaandSzy fres.,2003) . enought oki llpar asitesAni saki dae.Soweneed
Informat ionont hei nci denceoft heAni saki asis ast udyt ocompar et hel ev eloft heef f
ect ive
diseasei sst i
llv er yl imi tedi nI ndonesi a.Oneand ti
meofpr eser vat i
onatt emper at ur esof50oC
theonl yst udyev erconduct edi nI ndonesi aon and75oC.Fur thercool ingmet hods.Theuseof
Ani saki asi si sser oepi demi ol ogist udyon 244 dryi ce ar e st i
llv eryr ar ei nI ndonesi a,so
pat i
ent s who v isited t he Regi onal Gener al resear ch t o see t he l evel of ef f
ect ive
Hospi tali nSi doar j
o,t hest udyshowed11% of preser vat i
ont i
mebet weent heusedofi ceordr y
pat i
ent sser oposi tiveagai nstant gen Ani
i saki s i
ce i n ki ll
ed Ani saki dae wasdone.The l atter
sp.( Ugaetal .,1996) .Unt ilnow Ani saki asisnot met hodi ssal ting.Dr ysal ti
ngi ndeedcoul dki ll
recei vedspeci alat tent ionf rom t heI ndonesi an the par asite Ani saki dae ( Bal adi n,2006) ,but
gov ernment , because of t hat t he good brinesal ti
ngcoul dbeanef fectiv eal ternat iv eas
product ion management becomes v er y awayofsal tingandcont rol ofAni saki dae.
i
mpor tantt oav oidt hi spr obl em i nt hef utur e. Becauseoft hei mpor tanceoft hei nf luenceof
Moder ni zat ioni shappeni ngi nI ndonesi amake ti
meandt heneedf ormet hodsofpr eser v ation
peopl e began t or ecogni ze t he t y pe off resh effect ivef rom pi ckling,heat ing,cool ing and
foods ( raw f i
sh)wi thoutgoi ng t hr ough t he salting t o pr ev ent Ani saki asi s, and al so
cooki ngpr ocesssuchassushiorsashi mi ,this mai nt ainst hequal it
yor ganol ept i
cv alueandt he
cour sewi llbeabl et oi ncr easet hepr obabi li
tyof prot eincont entoft hepr oduct sf ill
etofgr ouper
humant ransmi ssi onoft hedi seaseAni saki asis post -pr eser vation,t he necessar yr esear ch t o
andwi l
ldegr adet hequal it
yofaf isher ypr oduct . det ermi net heef fectoft imepr eser vat ionf il
letof
Grouper sar eonespeci esofmar inef isht hatar e grouperwi th a combi nat ion ofpi ckl ing wi th
often f ound i nt he I ndonesi an mar ket .As a heat ing,cool i
ngandsal tingagai nstsur vi
v alof
car nivor ousf ish,gr ouper shav eabi gr olei nt he
 Bi
otechnol
ogySt
rengt
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omedi
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eri
nar
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cine 3

Anisakidae larvae i
n ordert ofind t
he most 3.
2.Pr
eser
vat
ion
eff
ect i
ve met hods to kil
ll ar
vae Anisakidae,
whichi ssti
llabletomai ntai
nthequali
tyoft he The r esult s oft he anal y sist esti nfluence
val
ueoft heorganolepti
candpr ot
eincontentof between subj ectatt he t ime ofpr eser vation,
thefill
etofgr ouperasabasi sforhealt
hyf ood preser vat i
on met hods, and t he i nteract ion
andt hecontrolofAnisaki
asiszoonot
icdiseases. between t hese t wo f actor s on mor tali
ty of
Anisaki dae l ar vae shows t hatt herei sar eal
effect( p<0. 01) .Ther esul toft hei nfluenceof
2.Mat
eri
alsandMet
hods ti
mepr eser v ati
onoft hesur vivaloft hel arv ae
Anisaki daedi videdi nt ot hr eegr ouph.Resul tsof
This study was a l aborator y exper iment al preser vat i
on ofeach subgr oup was anal yzed
studyandcar ri
edouti nf ourst ages,t hef irst using F t est ( ANOVA) f ollowed by Duncan
stagewasexami nat i
onAni sakidael arvae,wer e mul tipl
er anget est .Wi that emper at ureof75° C
i
dent if
ieduseddi ssect ingmi croscopeandsome for 1 mi nut e was abl et o ki llt he l arv ae
sampl eswer ecol or edwi thcar mi ne.Thesecond Anisaki dae,wi thabestt imeof7mi nut est oki l
l
stageAni sakidael arvaesur vivalt estbyi nser t allthel ar vaeupt o100%.Whi l
et hemet hodof
thel arvaeint of i
lletofgr ouper ,i mmer sedwi th heat ingwi that emper atur eof50° Conl ycanki l
l
5% acet ic aci d,and pr eserv ed used t hree l
ar vaeAni saki dae4%wi thin5mi nut es,andcan
met hods whi ch had been pr epar ed ( heating, notki l
lal ll arvae at7 mi nut es.Pr eser vation
cooling and sal ting). The t hi rd st age was met hodsusi ngdr yi cef or12hour scanki l
lal l
organol epti
ct estoft he pr eser vation resulted l
ar vae u t o 100%, whi le t he pr eser vation
from gr ouperf i
ll
et ,whi chwast estedusedt he met hods usi ng i ce onl ycan ki l
ll arv ae i n 36
scoringt estandhedoni ct est.Thef ourthst age hour swi thaper cent ageof8% l arvalmor t
ality,
waspr otei
nt estusedKj edahl met hod. andnotbeabl et oki llal llarvaewi thin48hour s.
Preser vat i
onmet hodusi ngdr ysal ti
ngt echni que
andbr i
nesal ti
ngt echni quef or24hour scanki l
l
3.Resul
tsandDi
scussi
on alll arvae up t o 100%.Br ine sal ting met hod
wor ksmor ef astt handr ysal ti
ngmet hod,t hi s
Analy si
s oft he result
s oft he studywer e canbeseenast he3hourofpr eserv ationbr ine
di
v ided i nto f our gr oups, namel y t he salti
ngcanki l
l36%ofl arvaeAni sakidae.Asf or
i
dent if
icationofl ar
vaeAni saki
dae,preservat
ion drysal tingl ar vaemor talityrat escanbeseeni n
todet er minethesur v i
valofAni saki
dael arv
ae, the6hourr eser vationwi thl ar valmor tal i
tyr ate
organol eptic test result
s f r
om pr eservat
ion of40%.
grouperf i
l
letandpr otei
nt estfrom grouperfi
ll
et
afterpreser vat
ion.

3.
1.Lar
vaeI
dent
if
icat
ion

Ident ificati
onofl arv aewasconduct edint he
Depar tment of Par asit
ology , Facul ty of
Veter inar y Medicine,Uni versi t
y of Ai r
langga.
Ident i
ficat ionisdonebyt womet hods,namel y
themet hod ofst aining met hodsusi ng native
andCar mi ne.From t her esultsoft henemat ode
l
ar v
aeor iginat
ingfrom gr ouper( Epi nephelussp) ,
obtai nedmukr onont hepost eriorandboor i
ng
toothonant er
ior
.Thet wost ruct ure,isaspecif i
c Fi
gur
e1.Resul
tofpreserv
ati
onpi
ckl
i
ngwi
th
char act eristi
cofthef ami lyAni sakidae. heati
ng
4 Bi
otechnol
ogySt
rengt
henonBi
omedi
calSci
enceandVet
eri
nar
yMedi
cine

thehedonictestresul
tsshow thatpeopl
ear e
sti
llablet
oreceiv
et heresul
tsofgrouperfi
l
let
preserv
ati
on.

3.
4.Pr
otei
nTest

Ther esul tsoft hebestpr eser vationofev ery

met hodt hatcanki lllar v
aeani saki daet akenon
sampl ef orl aterexami nedt hepr oteinst hatar e
foundi nf il
lets,Fi g4i st her esultofusi ngt he
protei
nt estwi th kj eldahlmet hod.Fr om t he
result
scanbeseenf ort hecont rolofgr ouper
fi
lletwi thoutgoi ng t hrough t he pr ocess of
Fi
gur
e2.Resul
tofpreserv
ati
onpi
ckl
i
ngwi
th preservingt hepr ot eincont ent19. 51%,f il
letof
cooli
ng groupert hr ough pi ckl i
ng pr ocess has sl ightl
y
decrease ofv alue of18. 03%,l i
ttle difference
wi t
h t he pr otein cont ent of t he f il
let in
preservat ionusi ngdr yice18. 12%.Forpr otei
n
contentv aluef rom gr ouperf i
lletinpr eser vat
ion
usingicehasav alueof17. 60%,hi ghert hant he
protei
n cont entgr ouperf i
ll
eti n pr eser vat
ion
usingheat ingmet hods, i
e17. 26%f orheat i
ng50
°Cand17,11%f orheat ing75oC.Ther esultof
thelowestpr oteincont enti sthepr oteincont ent
from gr ouperf il
leti napr eser vationmet hodof
salti
ng,whi ch is 16. 38% atsal t
ing usi ng the
techniqueofdr ysal tingand16. 56% atsal t
ing
usingbr inesal t
ingt echni ques.
Fi
gur
e3.Resul
tofpreser
vat
ionpi
ckl
i
ngwi
th
salt
ing

3.
3.Or
ganol
ept
ict
est

The dat a obt ained f rom t he assessment

sheett abul ated and det er mined t he v alue of
qual i
tybyf indi ng t he mean ofeach panel i
st
resultsatt he95%conf idencel ev el.Tocal cul
ate
the av erage i nter valqual it
y scor e of each
panel istusedt hef ormul at hathasbeensetby
theI ndonesi anNat i
onalSt andar d( 2006) .The
results oft he t estscor i
ng showed t hatt he
met hodofpr eser vationf il
letwi thheat ng50oC,
i
Ice,Dr yIce,Dr ySal ti
ngandBr ineSal ti
nghav e
thesamescor ei nt heor ganol eptict estt hatis6,
whi lef i
ll
etheat ingwi tht emper at ure75oChav e
differentv aluesf r
om met hodsofpr eser vationof
other s,namel y6, 5.Thi sscor ei ndi cat est hatthe
fil
letst i
llfeasi blef orpubl icconsumpt ion.Asf or
 Bi
otechnol
ogySt
rengt
henonBi
omedi
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enceandVet
eri
nar
yMedi
cine 5

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erences

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aphi
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ot ei
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esul
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ei nki l
l
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ectivei n DriedSal tedFi shFi sher i
esResear chBoar dofCanada
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li
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on, Hal ifax, N.S.
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cOr gani sms
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fton Rd.
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ol ogyandVet et
inar
yPubl i
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sitasAi rl
anggaf orthegreathelp n L3 of Ani
i saki s spp. i sol at ed f rom Scomber
i
nt his study.We t hank t o allofAni sasaki
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t i
shJour nalof
i
nformation r esources f r
om each of our Anaest hesi a.77: 3-10.
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ewing and consi derabl
e i mprovi
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pOurgr at
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