PERSPECTIVE

IN PHARMACY HISTORICALLY,

DEFINITION OF PHARMACY → the fundamental role of pharmacists as health

PHARMACY- art and science of preparing care practitioners is to distribute or dispense

drugs from either natural or synthetic sources in drugs prescribed to the patients through the

a suitable and convenient dosage form for pharmacy or botica.

administration of treatment and prevention of

diseases both of man and of animals. It has been MODERN TIMES

the art and science of fashioning one of the most → Pharmacists advice patients and healthcare

important tools — medicine providers on the selection of dosages,

Drugs- made to be accurate, safe and effective. It interactions and side effects of medications
has been used to gain increased control over Dosage- amount of drug that manifests
lives to make them better and longer therapeutic effect
propagation. Interactions- reaction of drug to another drug
↳ drug + drug
↳ Natural‑ plants and animals ↳ drug + food
↳ Synthetic- made in laboratories ↳ drug + environment in body
- contains accurate amount of
active component necessary in Side Effect
treating Ex. There are medicines that cure a disease but
active component- use for treatment or prevention may cause headache when you drink it

↳ Dosage Form: → Monitor the health and progress of patients to
- Tablets
ensure safe and effective use of medication
- Capsule

- Syrup
→ Many practice compounding, however most of
- Ointment
the medicines today are produced by
⇒ the word PHARMACY is derived from the
pharmaceutical companies in standard dosage
Greek word “pharmakon” = medicine of drug
and drug delivery form
⇒ Pharmacists Compounding
- The person that is considered to - Standard dosage preparation
be the expert of drugs and - Preparation of drugs done in a pharmacy
medication experts
⇒ Medication Manufacturing
- Practice in a big scale
- The exact dosage
→ One of the most important roles that
⇒”Make plants as you medicine”
pharmacists are currently taking on is
⇒ “You are what you eat”
pharmaceutical care.



→ Pharmaceutical care involves taking direct o Dosing drugs in renal and hepatic failure
responsibility for patients and their disease o Pharmacokinetics evaluation
states. o Providing pharmaceutical information
o Promoting public health by administering
BENEFITS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE immunization
→ decreased medication errors o The physician, dentist or veterinarian
Ex. Doctor prescribed for aspirin and it is may prescribe drugs and be primarily
not written well so the pharmacist will be
confused. interested in the effect of those drugs to
How to prevent: talk to the patient to the patient, there therapeutic value and
know what medication they need
toxicology
→ increased patient compliance in medication o The nurse may administer drugs and be
regimen concerned with the dosage form, routes of
→ better chronic disease state management administration and toxic manifestation
→ strong pharmacist-patient relationship o The pharmacists are the ONLY legally

→ decreased long-term cost of medical care granted professionals to handle drugs and

to know all about those drugs

Pharmacists are patients first-point-of-contact

for patients with health injuries. This means that HISTORY OF PHARMACY

pharmacists have large roles in assessing the 5 Historical Periods

medication management in patients and - Ancient Era

- Empiric Era
referring the patients to the physicians. - Industrialization era
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
ROLES MAY INCLUDE, BUT NOT LIMTED TO: Era

o Clinical medication management
ANCIENT ERA
o Reviewing medication regimen
- Use leaves, mud and cool water to stop
o Monitoring of treatment regimen
bleeding
o Compound medicines
- The used the methods of observing how
o Providing specific education to patients
animals heal their wounds
about disease states and medications
- Document experiences of healing onto
o Provision of non-prescription medicines
clay tablets which provided the earliest
o Counseling and advice on optimal use of
written record
medicines
- In Babylonian, the earliest record of the
o Advice and treatment of common
practice of pharmacy by the priest,
ailments
 pharmacists, and physician was kept. This legally recognized Pharmacy as separate
is where the science of drugs organized profession in Western Europe.
pharmacy and medicine had its - During Renaissance period of the Middle
beginnings. Ages, Pharmacy went through many
- Chinese used herbs changes. Pharmacy became an
- Hippocrates- the Father of Medicine independent profession. Pharmacy as a
- Theophratus- the Father of Botany— profession achieved status and become
early scientist socially accepted. University Education of
- Mithradates- Father of Toxicology— Pharmacists was required. Now, chemical
studied adverse effects of plants medicines were introduced that gave
- Dioscorides- Father of Pharmacology, pharmacists broader expertise.
during Roman Period
- Cosmos and Damien- Saints of Pharmacy EMPERIC ERA
and Medicine— twins who represent the - Pharmacopeia became a regulatory tool
closeness of medicine and pharmacy. for pharmacists
- After the fall of the Roman Empire, the - Benjamin Franklin started the first
division of pharmacy and medicine hospital in 1751. It had a pharmacy and
evolved. Three major advances in the first hospital pharmacist was
pharmacy occurred at this time; Jonathan Roberts
o The Formulary- a contribution of - In 1821 the Philadelphia College of
documentation of the knowledge Pharmacy was founded
of specific drug information to be - Willam Proctor- the Father of American
used by the pharmacists. Pharmacy. He denoted his time and
o Dosage Form- drugs were no attention to the advancement of
longer harvested from the herb Pharmacy. He owned a apothecary shop
gardens. They were incorporated (Pharmacy)
into sweetened dosage form, such - The major contribution of pharmacy to
as syrup. science was in the area of Chemistry.
o Pharmacy Shop- first appeared in
Baghdad, about AD 762
- Between AD 1231 and 1240- the Holy
Emperor Frederick II issued an edict
regulating medicine. For the first time, it