‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ :‬اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺎك ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫أﻛﺎدﯾﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﮭﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺑﺔ وﺟﺪة‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة رﻗﻢ‪3/‬‬

‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة رﻗﻢ‪ 3‬ﻓﻲ درس اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ‬

‫اﻷھﺪاف اﻟﻘﺪرات اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرس ‪:‬‬

‫و )‪ (B;3‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫)‪( A;-2‬‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‪(1 :‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪ .I‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط‪ : 1‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ A‬و ‪ B‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫‪ AG = 3 uuu‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪‚ AG = 3AB‬‬
‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫‪AB‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑﯿﻦ أﻧﮫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪( E) 4GA-5GB = 0 :‬‬
‫‪( -2) +3‬‬
‫‪ (2‬أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪G‬‬
‫وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪ G ¢‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A;2‬و )‪ ( B;1‬وﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ  ﻧﺠﺪ‬
‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‪(1 :‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن ‪4+( -5) ¹ 0 :‬‬
‫‪ AG¢ = 1 AB‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ƒ AG¢ = 1 AB‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1+ 2‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪ 4GA-5GB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪) 42GA-5 GA+ AB = 0‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺎل(‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 4GA-5GA-5AB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ -GA-5AB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪AG = 5AB‬‬
‫‪uuuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuv 1uuuv æ 1öuuuv 8uuuv‬‬
‫‪(2‬اذن ‪GG¢ =GA+ AG¢ =-AG+ AG¢ =-3AB+ AB =ç-3+ ÷ AB =- AB :‬‬ ‫اذن ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وﺣﯿﺪة ‪ G‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ ( AB‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ )‪( E‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪è 3ø‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪ .1.3‬ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎط أو ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:2‬أﻧﺸﺊ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ )‪( A;-0,003‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎط‪ : 2‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ A‬و ‪ B‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫و )‪ (B;-0,001‬ﺣﯿﺚ ‪A ¹ B‬‬ ‫‪uuur uuur r‬‬
‫ھﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪2GA - 2GB = 0 :‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‪ G :‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ )‪ ( A;-0,003‬و )‪(B;-0,001‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪ :‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن ‪2 - 2 = 0 :‬‬
‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv v‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ -0,003GA-0,001GB =0‬ﻧﻀﺮب طﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﺪد ‪:‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫‪ 2GA- 2GB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‪) 2GA-2( GA+ AB) = 0‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺎل(‬
‫‪k =1000‬‬ ‫‪uuuv v‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‪ -GA-3GB =0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪( A; -3‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2GA-2GA- 2AB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2AB= 0‬وھﺬا ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫و )‪( B; -1‬‬ ‫اذن ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ )‪( E‬‬
‫‪ .1.1‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺔ‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫‪uuuv 1 uuuv‬‬
‫‪AG = AB‬‬ ‫‪ uuu‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫=‪AG‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ  ﻧﺠﺪ ‪-1 uuuv :‬‬
‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫)‪( -1) +( -3‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ A‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى و ‪ a‬ﻋﺪدا ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج ) ‪ ( A; a‬ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺔ و اﻟﻌﺪد ‪ a‬ﯾﺴﻤﻰ وزن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪A‬‬
‫)ﻧﻘﻮل ﻛﺬﻟﻚ أن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ‪.( a‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ و ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫‪ .1.3.1‬اﻟﺼﻤﻮد‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﻀﺮب ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪد ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪a + b ¹ 0‬‬
‫‪uuur uuur r‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﺪم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وﺣﯿﺪة ‪ G‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪aGA + bGB = 0 :‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬ﻓﺎن ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ k‬ﻣﻦ ‪, R‬‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪( B; b‬‬
‫‪ G‬ھﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; ka‬و ) ‪( B; kb‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:1‬اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ a +b = 0‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪( B; b‬‬
‫) ‪ ( A; 8‬و ) ‪( B; - 2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:3‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮭﻢ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ أن ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪ ( A; -2 ) :‬و )‪( B;1‬‬ ‫)‪( B; b ) ( A;a‬‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :2‬اذا‬
‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‪:‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﻮد ﻧﻀﺮب وزﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎن ‪)  AG = b AB :‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺎل( وھﺬه اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫‪a +b‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ و اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ k =- 1 :‬اذن ‪ G :‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪G‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:1‬‬
‫أي ‪ ( A; -2 ) :‬و )‪ ( B;1‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن ‪8 = 2 2 :‬‬ ‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪ æ A; - 8 ´ 1 ö‬و ‪æ 1 öö‬‬
‫÷÷ ‪ç B;- 2 ´ç -‬‬ ‫‪ç‬‬
‫‪è‬‬
‫÷‬
‫‪2ø‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أﻧﺸﺊ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ )‪ ( A;-2‬و )‪ (B;3‬ﺛﻢ أﻧﺸﺊ ‪ G ¢‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪è 2 øø‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ )‪ ( A;2‬و )‪(B;1‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أﺣﺴﺐ ‪ GG ¢‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪AB‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪http:// xyzmath.e-monsite.com‬‬ ‫ص‪1‬‬
 ‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬
‫‪ -2 MG = 2 MI‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ -2MG = 2MI‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪ .1.3.2‬اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة‬
‫‪uuur uuur uuur uuur‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪a + b ¹ 0‬‬
‫‪3MA - 5MB = MA + MB‬‬
‫وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2MG = 2MI‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪MG = MI‬‬ ‫‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬إذا وﻓﻘﻂ إذا ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪M‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ھﻲ واﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ] ‪[GI‬‬ ‫‪uuur uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuuur‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪aMA + bMB = ( a + b ) MG :‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮھﺎن ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ M‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuuv uuuv‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪) aMA + bMB = a MG + GA + b MG + GB‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺎل(‬ ‫( )‬ ‫)‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuuv uuuv uuuv‬‬
‫‪aMA + bMB = ( a + b ) MG + aGA + bGB‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪aGA + bGB = 0‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ aGA+bGB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪aMA + bMB = ( a + b ) MG‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ‪:‬ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ‪) M = A :‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ( M = B‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .II‬إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪b uuur :‬‬
‫‪rr‬‬
‫) ‪( B; b‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫) ‪( A; a‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬ ‫) ‪( o, i, j‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫= ‪AG‬‬ ‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪a+b‬‬
‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪b uuur‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫وھﺬه اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪G‬‬ ‫= ‪( BG‬‬ ‫‪BA‬‬
‫‪a+b‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬ﻓﺎن إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﯿﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ أن ‪ A :‬و ‪ B‬و ‪ G‬ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬
‫‪ì‬‬ ‫‪axA + bxB‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:4‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ E‬و ‪ F‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‪ EG = 2 EF :‬و‬
‫‪ïï xG = a + b‬‬ ‫‪ G‬ھﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫) ‪. E Ï ( AB‬‬
‫‪í‬‬
‫‪ï y = ay A + byB‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑﯿﻦ أن ‪ G :‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (E;-1‬و )‪(F ;2‬‬
‫‪îï‬‬ ‫‪a +b‬‬
‫‪G‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪ I :‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ]‪ [ AB‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ I‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪ (2‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ) ‪ (EF‬و ) ‪ ( AB‬ﯾﺘﻘﺎطﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﺪدا ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎطﻌﮭﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ ( A;1‬و )‪( B;1‬‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪ A (1; 2) :‬و ) ‪ B ( -4;6‬و ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬ ‫‪ EG = 2 EF (1‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ) ‪) EG = 2 ( EG + GF‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺎل(‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬
‫) ‪ ( A;2‬و )‪( B; -1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ EG = 2 EG + 2GF‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪EG - 2 EG = 2GF‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫أﺣﺴﺐ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪-1EG - 2GF = 0‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫‪ì‬‬ ‫‪2 ´1 + ( -1) ´ ( -4 ) 6‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ EG + 2GF = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ -GE + 2GF = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫) ‪G ( 6; -2‬‬ ‫= ‪ ïï xG‬اذن ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪2 + ( -1‬‬
‫‪= =6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (E;-1‬و )‪(F ;2‬‬
‫‪í‬‬
‫= ‪ïy‬‬
‫‪ï G‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫´‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪( ) = -2 = -2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪1‬‬ ‫´‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫و )‪ (B;-3‬اذن ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( A;2‬‬ ‫‪(2‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫‪î‬‬ ‫)‪2 + ( -1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫) ‪G Î ( AB‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:6‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ ‪ O; i. j‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (E;-1‬و )‪ (F ;2‬اذن ‪G Î ( EF ) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪ A(- 2;5) :‬و )‪ B(2;1‬و ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اذن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( AB‬و ) ‪ ( EF‬ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪ ( A;1‬و )‪(B;3‬‬ ‫)ﻷن ‪( E Ï ( AB ) :‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ) ‪ (EF‬و ) ‪ ( AB‬ﯾﺘﻘﺎطﻌﺎن و ‪ G‬ھﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪ (1‬أﺣﺴﺐ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ ‪G‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺣﺪد إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ H‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎطﻌﮭﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (H ;1‬و )‪(O;3‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:5‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ A‬و ‪ B‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺑﯿﻦ أن ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( AH‬و ) ‪ (OB‬ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ I‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ]‪ [ AB‬و ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ )‪ ( A;3‬و‬
‫‪ì‬‬
‫= ‪ ïï xG‬اذن ‪G (1;2 ) :‬‬
‫‪1´ ( -2 ) + 3 ´ 2 4‬‬
‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‪= = 1 (1:‬‬ ‫)‪(B;-5‬‬
‫‪3 +1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪í‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪد ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ‪ G‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ P‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ï y = 1´ 5 + 3 ´1 = 8 = 2‬‬ ‫‪uuur uuur uuur uuur‬‬
‫‪ïî G‬‬ ‫‪3 +1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3MA - 5MB = MA + MB‬‬
‫و )‪ (O;3‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(H ;1‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‪ G :1‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪uuur uuur uuur uuur‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‪3MA - 5MB = MA + MB :‬‬
‫‪ì‬‬ ‫‪1´ xH + 3 ´ xO‬‬
‫= ‪ïï xG‬‬ ‫‪3+1‬‬
‫‪=1‬‬
‫و )‪ (B;-5‬اذن ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة‬ ‫)‪( A;3‬‬ ‫‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫‪í‬‬
‫‪ï y = 1´ yH + 3 ´ yO = 2‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪îï‬‬
‫‪uuur uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪uuuur‬‬
‫‪3 +1‬‬ ‫‪3MA - 5MB = ( 3 + ( -5) ) MG = -2MG‬‬
‫‪G‬‬

‫‪ì xH‬‬ ‫‪uuur uuur uuur uur uuur uur uuur uur uur‬‬
‫اذن ‪H ( 4;8) :‬‬ ‫‪ì xH = 4‬‬
‫‪í‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ïï 4 = 1‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ) ‪O ( 0;0‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪ MA + MB = MI + IA + MI + IB = 2MI + IA + IB‬وﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪I :‬‬
‫‪î yH = 8‬‬ ‫‪í‬‬
‫‪ï yH = 2‬‬
‫‪uuur uuur uuur‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ‪[ABuu]r‬‬
‫‪uur r‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫‪ïî 4‬‬
‫‪uuuv 1 uuuv‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎن ‪ IA + IB = 0 :‬ﻣﻨﮫ ‪MA + MB = 2MI :‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪OG = OH :‬‬ ‫)‪ (H;1‬و )‪(O;3‬‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‪ G :2‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪http:// xyzmath.e-monsite.com‬‬ ‫ص‪2‬‬

 ‫‪1 uuur æ 1‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬
‫‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و ) ‪ ( C ; c‬إذاوﻓﻘﻂ إذا ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪1 ö‬‬
‫) ‪ OG (1; 2‬و ÷ ‪OH ç xH ; yH‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ M‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪è4‬‬ ‫‪4 ø‬‬
‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪ì xH‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬
‫‪a M A + b M B + c M C = (a + b + c ) M G :‬‬ ‫اذن ‪H ( 4;8) :‬‬ ‫‪ì xH = 4‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ïï 4 = 1‬‬ ‫‪ OG = 1 OH‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫‪í‬‬ ‫‪í‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ‪:‬ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ‪ M = A :‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪î yH = 8‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ï yH = 2‬‬
‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪ïî 4‬‬
‫‪ ® AG= b AB+ c‬وھﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪AC‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv‬‬
‫‪a+b+c‬‬ ‫‪a+b+c‬‬ ‫‪ AH ( 6;2) (3‬و )‪ OB( 6;2‬اذن ‪ :‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن ‪AH = 3OB :‬‬

‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪G‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( AH‬و ) ‪ (OB‬ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺎن ﻷن اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮭﺘﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل أو ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:8‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎ و ‪ G‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪2AC =3AG-GB :‬‬ ‫‪ AH‬و ‪ OB‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﺘﺎن‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ أن ‪ G :‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ )‪ ( A;1‬و )‪ (B;1‬و )‪(C;2‬‬
‫و أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪G‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:7‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ ‪ O; i. j‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪ A(0;5) :‬و ) ‪ B(3;2‬و ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‪ 2AC = 3AG -GB :‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪2AC - 3AG +GB = 0‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2( AG+GC) -3AG+GB = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪-AG +GB + 2GC = 0‬‬
‫)‪ ( A;1‬و )‪(B;2‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv v‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬أﺣﺴﺐ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ ‪G‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪GA+GB + 2GC = 0‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺣﺪد و أرﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ‪ M‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ P‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ( A;1‬و )‪ (B;1‬و )‪(C;2‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪ G :‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ‬
‫‪MA + 2 MB = 6‬‬
‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ® ﻓﺎن ‪c uuur :‬‬
‫=‪AG‬‬ ‫‪AB+‬‬ ‫‪AC‬‬
‫‪a+b+c‬‬ ‫‪a +b +c‬‬ ‫‪ì‬‬ ‫‪0+6‬‬
‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫‪uuuv uuuv uuuv‬‬ ‫اذن ‪G ( 2;3) :‬‬ ‫‪ïï xG = 3 = 2‬‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‪(1:‬‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫أي ‪ AG = 1 AB + 2 AC :‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ AG = 1 AB + 1 AC‬وﻣﻨﮫ رﺳﻢ‬ ‫‪í‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ïy = 5+ 4 = 3‬‬
‫‪ïî G‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur uuur‬‬
‫‪ MA + 2MB = 6cm (2‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 3MG = 6cm‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫‪uuuur‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 3 MG = 6cm‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 3MG = 6cm‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪MG = 2cm‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ھﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ) ‪ ( C‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ ‪ G‬وﺷﻌﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬
‫‪r = 2cm‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ :9‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ A‬و ‪ B‬و ‪ C‬ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‪ .‬و ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ) ‪ ( A;2‬و )‪ (B;-1‬و )‪( C;1‬‬
‫‪uuur uuur uuuur‬‬
‫{‬ ‫}‬
‫ﺣﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪E = M Î P / 2MA - MB + MC = 6cm :‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ P‬ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‪.‬‬
‫‪uuuur‬‬ ‫‪uuur uuur uuuur‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪ 2 MA - MB + MC = 6cm :‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2MG = 6cm‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫‪uuuur‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2 MG = 6cm‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 2MG = 6cm‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪MG = 3cm‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ھﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ) ‪ ( C‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ ‪ G‬وﺷﻌﺎﻋﮭﺎ ‪r = 3cm‬‬
‫ج(ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .III‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫) ‪( C; c‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و‬ ‫‪ .1.1‬ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ و ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و ) ‪ ( C ; c‬ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪ a + b + c ¹ 0‬و ‪a + b ¹ 0‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و ) ‪ ( C; c‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫‪a+b+c ¹ 0‬‬
‫‪uuur uuur uuur r‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪( B; b‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وﺣﯿﺪة ‪ G‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪aGA + bGB + cGC = 0 :‬‬
‫‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ) ‪ ( H ; a + b‬و ) ‪( C; c‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و ) ‪. ( C ; c‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪:‬إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ a = b = c :‬ﻓﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:10‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ ABC‬و ‪ I‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ] ‪[ BC‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ أن ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ )‪ ( A;1‬و ) ‪( I ;2‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( B; b‬و ) ‪ ( C ; c‬ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ABC‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪ G :‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ ABC‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪ .1.2‬ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺔ‬
‫أ(اﻟﺼﻤﻮد‪:‬إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ )‪ ( A;1‬و )‪ ( B;1‬و )‪( C;1‬‬
‫) ‪ ( C; c‬ﻓﺎن ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ k‬ﻣﻦ *‪ G R‬ھﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ ‪ I‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ] ‪ [ BC‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ I :‬ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ )‪ ( B;1‬و )‪( C;1‬‬
‫وﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﻓﺎن ‪ G :‬ھﻮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪ ( A;1) :‬و‬
‫) ‪ ( A; ka‬و ) ‪ ( B; kb‬و ) ‪( C; kc‬‬
‫)‪( I ;1 + 1‬‬
‫ب(اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة‪:‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) ‪ ( A; a‬و ) ‪ ( B; b‬و ) ‪ ( C ; c‬ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪ a + b + c ¹ 0‬وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ G‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬

‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪http:// xyzmath.e-monsite.com‬‬ ‫ص‪3‬‬

 GM = KA ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬2GM = 2KA ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ ﺣﺪد‬.‫ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬D ‫ و‬C ‫ و‬B ‫ و‬A ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬:11‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ وﺷﻌﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬G ‫ ( اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ‬C ) ‫وﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ھﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ : ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
uuur uuur uuuur uuuur
r = KA 2MA - MB + 3MC - 5MD = 5cm
‫( ﺛﻢ‬C ;1) ‫ ( و‬A;-2 ) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬B ¢ ‫ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎ و‬ABC ‫ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬:14‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﺎ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ‬.1.3
(C ;-1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬C ¢ ‫( و‬B;-3) ‫ ( و‬A;2) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬A¢ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ( C ; c ) ‫ ( و‬B; b ) ‫و‬ ( A; a ) ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬G ‫إذا ﻛﺎن‬
(B;3) ‫و‬ ì
ïï xG =
axA + bxB + cxC
uuuuv 1 uuuv ‫ و‬uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv a+b+c : ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ G ‫إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ‬
BC ¢ = - BC AA¢ = 3 AB ‫ و‬AB¢ = - AC : ‫( ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬1 í
ï y = ay A + byB + cyC
2
uuuuv uuuuv v îï
G
a+b+c
B¢A¢ + 2 A¢C ¢ = 0 : ‫( ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬2
: ‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻓﺎن‬M ‫( اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ أﻧﮫ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ‬3
uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv v
(O; i. j ) ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬:12‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
-MA¢ - MB¢ + 2MC¢ = 0 D (1;0) ‫ و‬C (1;-1) ‫ و‬B(0;2) ‫ و‬A(- 1;1) : ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬
.‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬C ¢ ‫ و‬B ¢ ‫ و‬A¢ ‫( اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬4 (B;3) ‫ ( و‬A;2) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬K ‫( ﺣﺪد إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ‬1
(C;1) ‫ ( و‬A;-2) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬B ¢ (1 :‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬ ABC ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬L ‫( ﺣﺪد إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ‬2
uuuv 1 uuuv uuuv : ‫اذن‬
AB¢ = AC =-AC (D;-1) ‫( و‬C;1) ‫( و‬B;3) ‫ ( و‬A;2) : ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬G ‫( ﺣﺪد إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ‬3
1+ ( -2)
æ 2 8ö ì -2 + 0 -2
uuuv -3 uuuv uuuv : ‫( اذن‬B;-3) ‫ ( و‬A;2 ) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬A¢ K ç - ; ÷ : ‫اذن‬ ïï xK = 5 == 5 (1 : ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬
AA¢ = AB = 3 AB è 5 5ø í
-3 + 2 ïy = 2+6 = 8
uuuuv -1 uuuv 1 uuuv
BC = - BC ‫( ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬B;3) ‫( و‬C ;-1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬C
BC ¢ =
¢ ïî K 5 5
3 + ( -1) 2
( A;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ‬L ‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ABC ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬L (2
(2
uuuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv
B¢A¢ + 2AC
¢ ¢ = BA (
uuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuv
¢ + AA¢ + 2 AB )
¢ + BC¢ = AA¢ - AB¢ + 2BC¢ - 2BA¢ ( C;1) ‫ ( و‬B;1) ‫و‬
uuuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv ì 1´( -1) +1´0 +1´1 1xA +1xB +1xC
1 uuuv uuuv uuuv ì
(
B¢A¢ + 2 A¢C ¢ = 3AB + AC - 2 ´ BC - 2 BA + AA¢
2
) æ 2ö
L ç 0; ÷ : ‫اذن‬
è 3ø
ïïxL =
í
1+1+1
=0 ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ïïxL = 1+1+1
í
: ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬
uuuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv ïy = 1´1+1´2 +1´( -1) = 2 ïy = 1yA +1yB +1yC
B¢A¢ + 2 A¢C¢ = 3 AB + AC - BC + 2AB - 6 AB = - AB + AC - BC îï ïî L
uuuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv v 1+1+1 1+1+1
L
3
B¢A¢ + 2 A¢C¢ = BA + AC + CB = BB = 0 ì axA + bxB + cxC + dxD
uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv ïï xG =
¢ ¢ ¢ ( ) (
-MA - MB + 2MC = -MA¢ - MA¢ + A¢B¢ + 2 MA¢ + A¢C¢ (3 ) í
a +b+c + d (3
uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv v ï y = A byB + cyC + dyD
ay +
-MA¢ - MB¢ + 2MC ¢ = - A¢B¢ + 2 A¢C ¢ = B¢A¢ + 2 A¢C ¢ = 0 îï
G
a +b +c+ d
‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬M ‫ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ‬: ‫(وﺟﺪﻧﺎ أن‬4 ì 2´ xA + 3´ xB +1´ xC + ( -1) ´ xD -2
uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv v æ 2 7ö x = = ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
-MA¢ - MB¢ + 2MC¢ = 0 : ‫ﻓﺎن‬ G ç - ; ÷ : ‫ اذن‬ïï G 5 5
è 5 5ø í
M = A¢ : ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ´ + ´ + ´ + ( - ) ´
uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv v ïy = 2 y 3 y 1 y 1 y 7
A B C D
=
ïî G
2A¢C¢ = A¢B¢ ‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬- A¢A¢ - A¢B¢ + 2A¢C¢ = 0 : ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ 5 5
.‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬C ¢ ‫ و‬B ¢ ‫ و‬A¢ ‫ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬: ‫وھﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أن‬ uv
.‫ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬C ‫ و‬B ‫ و‬A ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬:13‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
uuuv uuuv uuuuv
:15‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ V = 2MA + MB - 3MC : ‫ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬P ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬M ‫و‬
uv
( A;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬J ‫( و‬C;1) ‫ ( و‬A;2) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬I ‫( ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬1 M ‫ ﻣﺘﺠﮭﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬V ‫( ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬1
(B;-4) ‫( و‬C;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬K ‫( و‬B;2) ‫و‬ : ‫( ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬C;-3) ‫ ( و‬B;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬K : ‫( ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬2
uv uuuv
K ‫ و‬J ‫ و‬I ‫أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬ V = 2 KA
(C;1) (K ;3)
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬B ‫( أﺛﺒﺖ أن‬2 (C;-3) ‫( و‬B;-1) ‫ ( و‬A; 2 ) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ‬G :‫( ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬3
uuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuuv
[KI ] ‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬J ‫( ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬3 ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬M ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬2MA - MB - 3MC = 2GM : ‫أ(ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬
uuv 1 uuuv : ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬M ‫ب(اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬
AI = AC : ‫( اذن‬C;1) ‫ ( و‬A;2) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬I (1 : ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬ uuur uuur uuuur uuur uuur uuuur
3 2MA - MB - 3MC = 2MA + MB - 3MC
uuuv 2 uuuv
AJ = AB : ‫( اذن‬B;2) ‫ ( و‬A;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬J uv uuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv
3 (
V = 2MA + MB - 3MC = 2MA + MA + AB - 3 MA + AC (1 : ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬ )
uv uv uuuv uuuv
M ‫ ﻣﺘﺠﮭﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬V ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬V = AB - 3 AC
uuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuv uuuv
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬M ‫ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ‬2MA + MB - 3MC = AB - 3 AC : ‫( وﺟﺪﻧﺎ‬2
uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv
2 KA + KB - 3KC = AB - 3 AC : ‫ وﻧﺠﺪ‬M = K : ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ وﺿﻊ‬
: ‫( اذن‬C ;-3) ‫( و‬B;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ‬K : ‫وﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن‬
uuuv uuuv v
KB - 3KC = 0
uuuv uv uuuv uuuv uuuv
uuuv 1 uuuv 2KA = V ‫أي‬ 2 KA = AB - 3 AC : ‫وﻣﻨﮫ ﻧﺠﺪ‬
BK = - BC : ‫( اذن‬B;-4) ‫( و‬C;1) ‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬K
:
3 : ‫(أ( ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﺢ‬3
uuuv uuuv v uuuv uuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv uuuuv
‫ ؟؟؟؟؟‬3BK + 1BC = 0 : ‫(ﯾﻜﻔﻲ أن ﻧﺒﯿﻦ أن‬2 2 MA - MB - 3MC = ( 2 + ( -1) + ( -3 ) ) MG = -2MG = 2GM
uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuv uuuur uuur uuur uuur uuuur uuur uuur uuuur
3BK = - BC ‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬BK = - 1 BC : ‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬ 2GM = 2KA ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬2MA - MB - 3MC = 2MA + MB - 3MC (‫(ب‬3
3

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 uuuv uuuv v
3BK + BC = 0 ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
uuuv uuv
‫ ؟؟؟؟؟‬JK = IJ : ‫(ﯾﻜﻔﻲ أن ﻧﺒﯿﻦ أن‬3
uuv 2 uuuv
AI = AB ‫ و‬uuv 1 uuuv
AI = AC :‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬
3 3
Πuu
v uuuv uuv 2 uuuv 1 uuuv 1 uuuv uuuv
IJ = AJ - AI = AB - AC =
3 3 3
( 2 AB - AC ) : ‫اذن‬
uuuv uuv uuuv uuuv 2 uuuv uuuv 1 uuuv 1 uuuv uuuv : ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬
JK = JA + A B + B K = A B + A B - BC =
3 3 3
(AB + CB )
 JK = 1 A B + C A + A B = 1 2 uuu
uuu
v uuu
(
v uuu
v uuu
v
)
v uuuv
AB - AC ( )
3 3
uuv uuuv
[ ]
KI ‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬J : ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬IJ = JK : ‫ Œ و  ﻧﺠﺪ أن‬: ‫ﻣﻦ‬

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