4.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MILK

Milk was analysed for chemical composition and data presented in table below.

TABLE 4.1.1: Chemical composition of milk

Constituents Percentage
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrate
Ash/Minerals
Acidity
Total Solids
Source:

The data collected on the different aspects were tabulated and analyzed statistically using the
method of analysis of variance and critical difference technique. The significant and non-
significant differences observed have been analyzed critically within and between the
treatment combinations.

The analyzed data is presented in this chapter under the following headings:
1. Chemical characteristics
2. Microbial characteristics
3. Organoleptic characteristics
4. Statistical characteristics
5. Estimation of cost of production
 Table 4.2: Average data for different parameters of control and experiments (in
percent)

Scores/ Values Based On Mean Value Of Different Parameters Of CD Values

Treatments
1. Chemical analysis in percent
Treatments
Parameters T0 T1 T2 T3
Fat 3.442 3.304 3.116 2.988 0.07
Protein 3.296 3.104 2.932 2.798 0.10
Moisture 86.732 86.894 87.09 87.214 0.08
Carbohydrate 4.72 4.936 5.156 5.336 0.05
Ash 0.68 0.818 0.988 1.142 0.10
Total solids 12.148 12.228 12.362 12.56 0.04
Acidity 0.614 0.706 0.81 0.838 0.07
2. Microbiological scores cfu/gm
Treatments
Parameters T0 T1 T2 T3
Yeast&mould(cfu/gm) 5 5.4 6 6.6 1.61
Coliform Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Standard plate count
3. Organoleptic scores
Treatments
Parameters T0 T1 T2 T3
Color & appearance 8.3 8.4 8.7 8.1 0.28
Flavor and taste 8.3 8 8.6 8.1 0.39
Body and texture 8.6 8.3 8.1 7.8 0.22
Overall acceptability 8.2 8.4 8.6 8 0.31
4. Cost analysis
Treatments
parameters T0 T1 T2 T3
Cost in Rs./100g
4.3. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASUNDI SAMPLES

4.3.1. Moisture content of Basundi

The average values of Moisture content of laboratory made basundi are presented in table
below.

Table 4.3.1.1: The average Moisture content of Basundi samples

Treatments
Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 50.21 50.79 51.73 52.7
R2 50.22 50.77 51.76 50.72
R3 50.24 50.78 51.74 52.73
R4 50.23 50.76 51.75 52.71
R5 50.2 50.75 51.77 52.71
Mean 50.22 50.77 51.75 52.314
Minimum 50.2 50.75 51.73 50.72
Range Maximum 50.24 50.79 51.77 52.73
F-Test 2.178
C.D. at 5% level 0.62

From the above data on moisture percentage in samples of different treatments and control,
the highest mean moisture percentage was recorded in the sample of T3 (52.314) followed by
T2 (51.75), T1 (50.77), T0 (50.22).

4.3.2. Fat content of Basundi

The average values of fat content of laboratory made basundi are presented in table below.

Table: 4.3.2.1. The average fat content of Basundi samples

Treatments
Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 14.74 14.33 14.04 13.74
R2 14.73 14.32 14.06 13.75
R3 14.75 14.35 14.03 13.77
R4 14.71 14.34 14.05 13.73
 R5 14.72 14.36 14.07 13.76
Mean 14.73 14.34 14.05 13.75

Minimum 14.71 14.32 14.03 13.73

Range
Maximum 14.75 14.36 14.07 13.77
F-Test 2.178
C.D. at 5% level 0.02

From the above data on fat percentage in samples of different treatments and control, the
highest mean fat percentage was recorded in the sample of T0 (14.73) followed by T1
(14.34), T2 (14.05), T3 (13.75).

4.3.3. Protein content of Basundi

The average values of protein content in basundi samples are presented in table below.

Table 4.3.3.1. The average protein content of basundi samples

Treatments

Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 8.32 8.33 8.2 7.99
R2 8.31 8.37 8.17 8.01
R3 8.33 8.35 8.19 8
R4 8.3 8.36 8.18 8.03
R5 8.29 8.34 8.16 8.02
Mean 8.31 8.35 8.18 8.01
Minimum 8.29 8.33 8.16 7.99
Range
Maximum 8.33 8.37 8.2 8.03

From the above data on protein percentage in samples of different treatments and control, the
highest mean protein percentage was recorded in the sample of T1 (8.35) followed by T0
(8.31), T2 (8.18), T3 (8.01).
 4.3.4. Lactose content of Basundi sample

The average values of lactose content in Basundi samples are as follow-

Table 4.3.4.1. The average lactose content of basundi samples

Treatments

Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 24.9 24.44 23.98 23.48
R2 25 24.45 23.94 23.46
R3 24.7 24.47 23.96 23.49
R4 25.1 24.46 23.95 23.47
R5 24.8 24.43 23.97 23.45
Mean 24.9 24.45 23.96 23.47
Minimum 24.7 24.43 23.94 23.45
Range
Maximum 25.1 24.47 23.98 23.49

From the above data on lactose percentage in samples of different treatments and control, the
highest mean lactose percentage was recorded in the sample of T0 (24.9) followed by T1
(24.45), T2 (23.96), T3 (23.47).

4.3.5. Ash content of Basundi samples

The average ash content of Basundi samples are as follows :

Table 4.3.5.1. The average ash content of basundi samples

Treatments

Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 1.86 2.03 2.015 1.99
R2 1.87 2.05 2.017 1.97
R3 1.85 2.06 2.016 1.96
R4 1.84 2.04 2.018 1.95
R5 1.88 2.07 2.014 1.98
Mean 1.86 2.05 2.016 1.97
 Minimum 1.84 2.03 2.014 1.95
Range
Maximum 1.88 2.07 2.018 1.99

From the above data on ash percentage in samples of different treatments and control, the
highest mean ash percentage was recorded in the sample of T1 (2.05) followed by T2 (2.016),
T3 (1.97), T0 (1.86).

4.3.6. Acidity content of Basundi samples

The average acidity content of Basundi samples are as follows:

Table 4.3.6.1. The average Acidity content of basundi samples

Treatments

Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 0.4 0.37 0.34 0.36
R2 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.34
R3 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.35
R4 0.38 0.35 0.38 0.32
R5 0.37 0.38 0.33 0.33
Mean 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34
Minimum 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.32
Range
Maximum 0.4 0.38 0.38 0.36

From the above data on acidity percentage in samples of different treatments and control, the
highest mean acidity percentage was recorded in the sample of T0 (0.38) followed by T1
(0.36), T2 (0.35), T3 (0.34).
 4.3.7. Total solid content of Basundi samples

The average TS content of Basundi samples are as follows:

Table 4.3.7.1. The average Total solid content of basundi samples

Treatments

Replication
T0 T1 T2 T3
R1 50.8 49.18 48.24 47.25
R2 49.77 49.22 48.23 47.27
R3 49.79 49.2 48.25 47.24
R4 49.78 49.19 48.22 47.23
R5 49.76 49.21 48.21 47.26
Mean 49.98 49.2 48.23 47.25
Minimum 49.76 49.18 48.21 47.23
Range
Maximum 50.8 49.22 48.25 47.27

From the above data on TS percentage in samples of different treatments and control, the
highest mean TS percentage was recorded in the sample of T0 (49.98) followed by T1 (49.2),
T2 (48.23), T3 (47.25).