(IT) 1 Introduction Product Scope

3 PRODUCT SCOPE
The MiCOM P642, P643 and P645 preserves transformer service life by offering fast
protection for transformer faults. Hosted on an advanced IED platform, the P64x
incorporates differential, REF, thermal, and overfluxing protection, plus backup protection
for uncleared external faults. Model variants cover two and three winding transformers
(including autotransformers), with up to five sets of 3-phase CT inputs. Large CT counts
are common in ring bus or mesh corner applications, where the P64x summates currents
to create each total winding current, easing application of backup protection. Backup
overcurrent can be directionalized, where the user includes the optional 3-phase VT input
in their chosen model.

3.1 Functional Overview

The P642/P643/P645 transformer protection relays have a wide variety of protection
functions which are summarized in the following table.
ANSII number Description P64x
87 Phase-segregated transformer biased differential protection is provided for high- P642 / P643/ P645
speed discriminative protection for all fault types.
64 Biased low-impedance restricted earth fault element can be used to provide P642/ P643/ P645
high-speed earth fault protection. High impedance restricted earth fault element
is also available. The 64 function is applicable to conventional transformers and
autotransformers.
50/51/67 Four overcurrent protection stages are provided which can be selected as non- P642/ P643/ P645
directional, directional, forward or directional reverse. Stages 1 and 2 can be set
as Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) or Definite Time (DT); stages 3 and 4
can be set as DT only.
46OC Four stages of negative phase sequence overcurrent protection are provided for P642/ P643/ P645
remote back-up protection for both phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase faults.
Each stage can be selected as non-directional, directional forward or directional
reverse. Stages 1 and 2 can be set as Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) or
Definite Time (DT); stages 3 and 4 can be set as DT only.
49 Thermal overload protection based on IEEE Std C57.91-1995. Thermal trip can P642/ P643/ P645
be based on either hot spot or top oil temperature, each with three time-delayed
stages available. Four cooling modes are available to consider the transformer
cooling classes.
LoL Two one-stage definite time delay alarms based on aging acceleration factor
(FAA) or Loss of Life (LoL) are available.
Thru Through faults are a major cause of transformer damage and failure. Both the
insulation and the mechanical effects of fault currents are considered. A one-
stage alarm is available for through-fault monitoring.
50N/51N/67N Up to three derived or measured standby earth fault elements are available. P642/ P643/ P645
Four stages are provided which can be selected as non-directional, directional,
forward or directional reverse. Stages 1 and 2 can be set as Inverse Definite
Minimum Time (IDMT) or Definite Time (DT); stages 3 and 4 can be set as DT
only
59N The 59N element is a two-stage design, each stage having separate voltage and P642/ P643/ P645
time delay settings. Stage 1 can be set to operate on either an IDMT or DT
characteristic, while stage 2 can be set to DT only.
24 Two five-stage overfluxing (V/Hz) elements protect the transformer, against P642/ P643/ P645
overexcitation. The first stage is a Definite Time alarm, the second stage can be
used to provide an inverse or Definite Time trip characteristic and stages 3, 4
and 5 are Definite Time.

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ANSII number Description P64x

27 A two-stage undervoltage protection element, configurable as either phase-to- P643/ P645
phase or phase-to-neutral measuring is available, Stage 1 can be set as either
IDMT or DT and stage 2 is DT only.

Note Although the P642 has two VT inputs, one is used by

V/Hz protection, and the other is used by the NPS
Overvoltage and VCO protection. You can’t use
Overvoltage or Undervoltage protection using P642 units.

59 A two-stage overvoltage protection element, configurable as either phase-to- P643/ P645

phase or phase-to-neutral measuring is available. Stage 1 can be set as either
IDMT or DT and stage 2 is DT only.

Note Although the P642 has two VT inputs, one is used by

V/Hz protection, and the other is used by the NPS
Overvoltage and VCO protection. You can’t use
Overvoltage or Undervoltage protection using P642 units.

47 A one-stage negative phase sequence overvoltage protection element is P642/ P643/ P645
available. It is DT only.
81U/O Four-stage Definite Time underfrequency and two-stage Definite Time P642/ P643/ P645
overfrequency protection is provided for load shedding and back-up protection.
RTD Ten RTDs (PT100) are available to monitor the ambient and top oil temperature Option P642/ P643/
accurately. Each RTD has an instantaneous alarm and Definite Time trip stage. P645
50BF A two-stage circuit breaker failure function is provided with a 3-pole initiation P642/ P643/ P645
input from external protection.
37P Phase undercurrent elements are available for use with, for example, the circuit P642/ P643/ P645
breaker fail function.
VTS Voltage transformer supervision is provided (1, 2 & 3-phase fuse failure P642/ P643/ P645
detection) to prevent mal-operation of voltage-dependent protection elements
when a VT input signal is lost.
CTS Current transformer supervision prevents mal-operation of current-dependent P642/ P643/ P645
protection elements when a CT input signal is lost.
CLIO Four analog or current loop inputs are provided for transducers such as vibration Option P642/ P643/
sensors and tachometers. Each input has a Definite Time trip and alarm stage, P645
each input can be set to ‘Over’ or ‘Under’ operation, and each input can be
independently selected as 0 to 1, 0 to 10, 0 to 20 or 4 to 20 mA.
Four analogue (or current loop) outputs are provided for the analogue
measurements in the relay. Each output can be independently selected as 0 to
1, 0 to 10, 0 to 20 or 4 to 20 mA.
CT saturation and no gap detection algorithms have been included to enhance
to low set differential element operating time
External fault detection algorithm has bee included to maintain stability during
external faults.
Zero crossing detection algorithm has been included to prevent circuit breaker
failure mal-operations due to subsidence current.
Phase rotation. The rotation of the phases ABC or ACB for all 3-phase current P642/ P643/ P645
and voltage channels can be selected. Also, for pumped storage applications,
the swapping of two phases can be emulated independently for the 3-phase
voltage and 3-phase current channels.
32 programmable user alarms P642/ P643/ P645
10 programmable function keys P642/ P643/ P645
18 programmable LEDs (tri-color P645, red P642 / P643) P642/ P643/ P645
8 to 24 digital inputs (order option) depending on the model P642/ P643/ P645
Front communication port (EIA(RS)232) P642/ P643/ P645

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(IT) 1 Introduction Product Scope

ANSII number Description P64x

Rear communication port (K-Bus/EIA(RS)485). The following communications P642/ P643/ P645
protocols are supported: Courier, MODBUS, IEC870-5-103 (VDEW), DNP3.0.
Rear communication port (Fiber Optic). The following communications protocols Option P642/ P643/
are supported: Courier, MODBUS, IEC870-5-103 (VDEW) and DNP3.0. P645
Second rear communication port, EIA(RS)232/EIA(RS)485. Courier, and K-Bus Option P642/ P643/
protocols. P645
Rear IEC 61850-8-1 Ethernet communication port. Option P642/ P643/
P645
Time synchronization port (IRIG-B) Option P642/ P643/
P645
Table 1 - Protection functions overview
In addition to the functions in Table 1, the P64x supports these relay management
functions:
x Measurement of all instantaneous & integrated values
x Trip circuit and coil supervision
x Four alternative setting groups
x Programmable function keys
x Control inputs
x Programmable scheme logic
x Programmable allocation of digital inputs and outputs
x Sequence of event recording
x Comprehensive disturbance recording (waveform capture)
x Fault recording
x Fully customizable menu texts
x Multi-level password protection
x Power-up diagnostics and continuous self-monitoring of the relay
x Commissioning test facilities
x Real time clock/time synchronization - time synchronization possible from IRIG-B
input, opto input or communications

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